Fleet

Fleet, n. [AS. fle\'a2t a place where vessels float, bay, river; akin to D. vliet rill, brook, G. fliess. See Fleet, v. i.]

1. A flood; a creek or inlet; a bay or estuary; a river; -- obsolete, except as a place name, -- as Fleet Street in London.

Together wove we nets to entrap the fish In floods and sedgy fleets. Matthewes.

2. A former prison in London, which originally stood near a stream, the Fleet (now filled up). Fleet parson, a clergyman of low character, in, or in the vicinity of, the Fleet prison, who was ready to unite persons in marriage (called Fleet marriage) at any hour, without public notice, witnesses, or consent of parents.

Fleet

Fleet (?), v. t. [AS. fl&emac;t cream, fr. fle\'a2tan to float. See Fleet, v. i.] To take the cream from; to skim. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.

Fleeten

Fleet"en (?), n. Fleeted or skimmed milk. [Obs.] Fleeten face, a face of the color of fleeten, i. e., blanched; hence, a coward. "You know where you are, you fleeten face." Beau. & Fl.

Fleet-foot

Fleet"-foot` (?), a. Swift of foot. Shak.

Fleeting

Fleet"ing, a. Passing swiftly away; not durable; transient; transitory; as, the fleeting hours or moments. Syn. -- Evanescent; ephemeral. See Transient.

Fleetingly

Fleet"ing*ly, adv. In a fleeting manner; swiftly.

Fleetings

Fleet"ings (?), n. pl. A mixture of buttermilk and boiling whey; curds. [prov. Eng.] Wright.

Fleetly

Fleet"ly, adv. In a fleet manner; rapidly.

Fleetness

Fleet"ness, n. Swiftness; rapidity; velocity; celerity; speed; as, the fleetness of a horse or of time.

Fleigh

Fleigh (?), obs. imp. of Fly. Chaucer.

Fleme

Fleme (?), v. t. [AS. fl&emac;man, fl&ymac;man.] To banish; to drive out; to expel. [Obs.] "Appetite flemeth discretion." Chaucer.

Flemer

Flem"er (?), n. One who, or that which, banishes or expels. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fleming

Flem"ing (?), n. A native or inhabitant of Flanders.

Flemish

Flem"ish (?), a. Pertaining to Flanders, or the Flemings. -- n. The language or dialect spoken by the Flemings; also, collectively, the people of Flanders. Flemish accounts (Naut.), short or deficient accounts. [Humorous]Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Flemish beauty (Bot.), a well known pear. It is one of few kinds which have a red color on one side. -- Flemish bond. (Arch.) See Bond, n., 8. -- Flemish brick, a hard yellow paving brick. -- Flemish coil, a flat coil of rope with the end in the center and the turns lying against, without riding over, each other. -- Flemish eye (Naut.), an eye formed at the end of a rope by dividing the strands and lying them over each other. -- Flemish horse (Naut.), an additional footrope at the end of a yard.

Flench

Flench (?), v. t. Same as Flence.

Flense

Flense (?), v. t. [Cf. Dan. flense, D. vlensen, vlenzen, Scot. flinch.] To strip the blubber or skin from, as from a whale, seal, etc.
the flensed carcass of a fur seal. U. S. Census (1880).

Flesh

Flesh (?), n. [OE. flesch, flesc, AS. fl; akin to OFries. fl\'besk, D. vleesch, OS. fl, OHG. fleisc, G. fleisch, Icel. & Dan. flesk lard, bacon, pork, Sw. fl\'84sk.]

1. The aggregate of the muscles, fat, and other tissues which cover the framework of bones in man and other animals; especially, the muscles. &hand; In composition it is mainly albuminous<-- proteinaceous-->, but contains in adition a large number of crystalline bodies, such as creatin, xanthin, hypoxanthin, carnin, etc. It is also rich in phosphate of potash.

2. Animal food, in distinction from vegetable; meat; especially, the body of beasts and birds used as food, as distinguished from fish.

With roasted flesh, or milk, and wastel bread. Chaucer.

3. The human body, as distinguished from the soul; the corporeal person.

As if this flesh, which walls about our life, Were brass impregnable. Shak.

4. The human eace; mankind; humanity.

All flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth. Gen. vi. 12.

5. Human nature: (a) In a good sense, tenderness of feeling; gentleness.

There is no flesh in man's obdurate heart. Cowper.
(b) In a bad sense, tendency to transient or physical pleasure; desire for sensual gratification; carnality. (c) (Theol.) The character under the influence of animal propensities or selfish passions; the soul unmoved by spiritual influences.

6. Kindred; stock; race.

He is our brother and our flesh. Gen. xxxvii. 27.

7. The soft, pulpy substance of fruit; also, that part of a root, fruit, and the like, which is fit to be eaten. &hand; Flesh is often used adjectively or self-explaining compounds; as, flesh broth or flesh-broth; flesh brush or fleshbrush; flesh tint or flesh-tint; flesh wound. After the flesh, after the manner of man; in a gross or earthly manner. "Ye judge after the flesh." John viii. 15. -- An arm of flesh, human strength or aid. -- Flesh and blood. See under Blood. -- Flesh broth, broth made by boiling flesh in water. -- Flesh fly (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of flies whose larv\'91 or maggots feed upon flesh, as the bluebottle fly; -- called also meat fly, carrion fly, and blowfly. See Blowly. -- Flesh meat, animal food. Swift. -- Flesh side, the side of a skin or hide which was next to the flesh; -- opposed to grain side. -- Flesh tint (Painting), a color used in painting to imitate the hue of the living body. -- Flesh worm (Zo\'94l.), any insect larva of a flesh fly. See Flesh fly (above). -- Proud flesh. See under Proud. -- To be one flesh, to be closely united as in marriage; to become as one person. Gen. ii. 24.

Flesh

Flesh, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fleshed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fleshing.]

1. To feed with flesh, as an incitement to further exertion; to initiate; -- from the practice of training hawks and dogs by feeding them with the first game they take, or other flesh. Hence, to use upon flesh (as a murderous weapon) so as to draw blood, especially for the first time.

Full bravely hast thou fleshed Thy maiden sword. Shak.
The wild dog Shall flesh his tooth on every innocent. Shak.

2. To glut; to satiate; hence, to harden, to accustom. "Fleshed in triumphs." Glanvill.

Old soldiers Fleshed in the spoils of Germany and France. Beau. & Fl.

3. (Leather Manufacture) To remove flesh, membrance, etc., from, as from hides.


Page 570

Fleshed

Fleshed (?), a.

1. Corpulent; fat; having flesh.

2. Glutted; satiated; initiated.

Fleshed with slaughter. Dryden.

Flesher

Flesh"er (?), n.

1. A butcher.

A flesher on a block had laid his whittle down. Macaulay.

2. A two-handled, convex, blunt-edged knife, for scraping hides; a fleshing knife.

Fleshhood

Flesh"hood (?), n. The state or condition of having a form of flesh; incarnation. [R.]
Thou, who hast thyself Endured this fleshhood. Mrs. Browning.

Fleshiness

Flesh"i*ness (?), n. The state of being fleshy; plumpness; corpulence; grossness. Milton.

Fleshings

Flesh"ings (?), n. pl. Flesh-colored tights, worn by actors dancers. D. Jerrold.

Fleshless

Flesh"less, a. Destitute of flesh; lean. Carlyle.

Fleshliness

Flesh"li*ness (?), n. The state of being fleshly; carnal passions and appetites. Spenser.

Fleshing

Flesh"ing (?), n. A person devoted to fleshly things. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fleshly

Flesh"ly (?), a. [AS.

1. Of or pertaining to the flesh; corporeal. "Fleshly bondage." Denham.

2. Animal; not Dryden.

3. Human; not celestial; not spiritual or divine. "Fleshly wisdom." 2 Cor. i. 12.

Much ostentation vain of fleshly arm And fragile arms. Milton.

4. Carnal; wordly; lascivious.

Abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul. 1 Pet. ii. 11.

Fleshly

Flesh"ly, adv. In a fleshly manner; carnally; lasciviously. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fleshment

Flesh"ment (?), n. The act of fleshing, or the excitement attending a successful beginning. [R.] Shak.

Fleshmonger

Flesh"mon`ger (?), n. [AS. .] One who deals in flesh; hence, a pimp; a procurer; a pander. [R.] Shak.

Fleshpot

Flesh"pot` (?), n. A pot or vessel in which flesh is cooked; hence (pl.), plenty; high living.
In the land of Egypt . . . we sat by the fleshpots, and . . . did eat bread to the full. Ex. xvi. 3.

Fleshquake

Flesh"quake` (?), n. A quaking or trembling of the flesh; a quiver. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Fleshy

Flesh"y (?), a. [Compar. Fleshier (?); superl. Fleshiest (?).]

1. Full of, or composed of, flesh; plump; corpulent; fat; gross.

The sole of his foot is fleshy. Ray.

2. Human. [Obs.] "Fleshy tabernacle." Milton.

3. (Bot.) Composed of firm pulp; succulent; as, the houseleek, cactus, and agave are fleshy plants.

Flet

Flet (?), p. p. of Fleet. Skimmed. [Obs.]

Fletch

Fletch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fletched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fletching.] [F. fl\'8ache arrow.] To feather, as an arrow. Bp. Warburton.
[Congress] fletched their complaint, by adding: "America loved his brother." Bancroft.

Fletcher

Fletch"er (?), n. [OF. flechier.] One who fletches of feathers arrows; a manufacturer of bows and arrows. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Flete

Flete (?), v. i. [See Fleet, v. i.] To float; to swim. [Obs.] "Whether I sink or flete." Chaucer.

Fletiferous

Fle*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. fletifer; fletus a weeping (from flere, fletum, to weep) + ferre to bear.] Producing tears. [Obs.] Blount.

Fleur-de-lis

Fleur`-de-lis` (?), n.; pl. Fleurs-de-lis (#). [F., flower of the lily. Cf. Flower-de-luce, Lily.]

1. (Bot.) The iris. See Flower-de-luce.

2. A conventional flower suggested by the iris, and having a form which fits it for the terminal decoration of a scepter, the ornaments of a crown, etc. It is also a heraldic bearing, and is identified with the royal arms and adornments of France.

Fleury

Fleur"y (?), a. [F. fleuri covered with flowers, p.p. of fleurir. See Flourish.] (Her.) Finished at the ends with fleurs-de-lis; -- said esp. a cross so decorated.

Flew

Flew (?), imp. of Fly.

Flewed

Flewed (?), a. Having large flews. Shak.

Flews

Flews (?), n. pl. The pendulous or overhanging lateral parts of the upper lip of dogs, especially prominent in hounds; -- called also chaps. See Illust. of Bloodhound.

Flex

Flex (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flexed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flexing.] [L. flexus, p.p. of flectere to bend, perh. flectere and akin to falx sickle, E. falchion. Cf. Flinch.] To bend; as, to flex the arm.

Flex

Flex, n. Flax. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Flexanimous

Flex*an"i*mous (?), a. [L. flexanimus; flectere, flexum, to bend + animus mind.] Having power to change the mind. [Obs.] Howell.

Flexibility

Flex`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. flexibilitas: cf. F. flexibilite.] The state or quality of being flexible; flexibleness; pliancy; pliability; as, the flexibility of strips of hemlock, hickory, whalebone or metal, or of rays of light. Sir I. Newton.
All the flexibility of a veteran courtier. Macaulay.

Flexible

Flex"i*ble (?), a. [L. flexibilis: cf. F. flexible.]

1. Capable of being flexed or bent; admitting of being turned, bowed, or twisted, without breaking; pliable; yielding to pressure; not stiff or brittle.

When the splitting wind Makes flexible the knees of knotted oaks. Shak.

2. Willing or ready to yield to the influence of others; not invincibly rigid or obstinate; tractable; manageable; ductile; easy and compliant; wavering.

Phocion was a man of great severity, and no ways flexible to the will of the people. Bacon.
Women are soft, mild, pitiful, and flexible. Shak.

3. Capable or being adapted or molded; plastic,; as, a flexible language.

This was a principle more flexible to their purpose. Rogers.
Syn. -- Pliant; pliable; supple; tractable; manageable; ductile; obsequious; inconstant; wavering. -- Flex"i*ble*ness, n. -- Flex"i*bly, adv.

Flexicostate

Flex`i*cos"tate (?), a. [L. flexus bent + E. costate.] (Anat.) Having bent or curved ribs.

Flexile

Flex"ile (?), a. [L. flexilis.] Flexible; pliant; pliable; easily bent; plastic; tractable. Wordsworth.

Flexion

Flex"ion (?), n. [L. flexio: cf. F. flexion.]

1. The act of flexing or bending; a turning.

2. A bending; a part bent; a fold. Bacon.

3. (Gram.) Syntactical change of form of words, as by declension or conjugation; inflection.

Express the syntactical relations by flexion. Sir W. Hamilton.

4. (Physiol.) The bending of a limb or joint; that motion of a joint which gives the distal member a continually decreasing angle with the axis of the proximal part; -- distinguished from extension.

Flexor

Flex"or (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) A muscle which bends or flexes any part; as, the flexors of the arm or the hand; -- opposed to extensor.

Flexuose

Flex"u*ose` (?; 135), a. Flexuous.

Flexuous

Flex"u*ous (?), a. [L. flexuosus, fr. flexus a bending, turning.]

1. Having turns, windings, or flexures.

2. (Bot.) Having alternate curvatures in opposite directions; bent in a zigzag manner.

3. Wavering; not steady; flickering. Bacon.

Flexural

Flex"u*ral (?), a. [From Flexure.] Of, pertaining to, or resulting from, flexure; of the nature of, or characterized by, flexure; as, flexural elasticity.

Flexure

Flex"ure (?; 135), n. [L. flexura.]

1. The act of flexing or bending; a turning or curving; flexion; hence, obsequious bowing or bending.

Will it give place to flexure and low bending? Shak.

2. A turn; a bend; a fold; a curve.

Varying with the flexures of the valley through which it meandered. British Quart. Rev.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The last joint, or bend, of the wing of a bird.

4. (Astron.) The small distortion of an astronomical instrument caused by the weight of its parts; the amount to be added or substracted from the observed readings of the instrument to correct them for this distortion. The flexure of a curve (Math.), the bending of a curve towards or from a straight line.

Flibbergib

Flib"ber*gib (?), n. A sycophant. [Obs. & Humorous.] "Flatterers and flibbergibs." Latimer.

Flibbertigibbet

Flib"ber*ti*gib`bet (?), n. An imp. Shak.

Flibustier

Fli`bus`tier" (?), n. [F.] A buccaneer; an American pirate. See Flibuster. [Obs.]

Flick

Flick (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flicked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flicking.] [Cf. Flicker.] To whip lightly or with a quick jerk; to flap; as, to flick a horse; to flick the dirt from boots. Thackeray.

Flick

Flick, n. A flitch; as, a flick of bacon.

Flicker

Flick"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flickered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flickering.] [OE. flikeren, flekeren, to flutter, AS. flicerian, flicorian, cf. D. flikkeren to sparkle. Flacker.]

1. To flutter; to flap the wings without flying.

And flickering on her nest made short essays to sing. Dryden.

2. To waver unsteadily, like a flame in a current of air, or when about to expire; as, the flickering light.

The shadows flicker to fro. Tennyson.

Flicker

Flick"er, n.

1. The act of wavering or of fluttering; flucuation; sudden and brief increase of brightness; as, the last flicker of the dying flame.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The golden-winged woodpecker (Colaptes aurutus); -- so called from its spring note. Called also yellow-hammer, high-holder, pigeon woodpecker, and yucca.

The cackle of the flicker among the oaks. Thoureau.

Flickeringly

Flick"ering*ly, adv. In a flickering manner.

Flickermouse

Flick"er*mouse` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Flittermouse.

Flidge

Flidge (?), a. Fledged; fledge. [Obs.] Holland.

Flidge

Flidge, v. i. To become fledged; to fledge. [Obs.]
Every day build their nests, every hour flidge. R. Greene.

Flier

Fli"er (?), n. [Form Fly, v.; cf. Flyer]

1. One who flies or flees; a runaway; a fugitive. Shak.

2. (Mach.) A fly. See Fly, n., 9, and 13 (b).

3. (Spinning) See Flyer, n., 5.

4. (Arch.) See Flyer, n., 4.

Flight

Flight (?), n. [AS. fliht, flyht, a flying, fr. fle\'a2gan to fly; cf. flyht a fleeing, fr. fle\'a2n to flee, G. flucht a fleeing, Sw. flykt, G. flug a flying, Sw. flygt, D. vlugt a fleeing or flying, Dan. flugt. &root;84. See Flee, Fly.]

1. The act or flying; a passing through the air by the help of wings; volitation; mode or style of flying.

Like the night owl's lazy flight. Shak.

2. The act of fleeing; the act of running away, to escape or expected evil; hasty departure.

Pray ye that your flight be not in the winter. Matt. xxiv. 20.
Fain by flight to save themselves. Shak.

3. Lofty elevation and excursion;a mounting; a soaas, a flight of imagination, ambition, folly.

Could he have kept his spirit to that flight, He had been happy. Byron.
His highest flights were indeed far below those of Taylor. Macaulay.

4. A number of beings or things passing through the air together; especially, a flock of birds flying in company; the birds that fly or migrate together; the birds produced in one season; as, a flight of arrows. Swift.

Swift flights of angels ministrant. Milton.
Like a flight of fowl Scattered winds and tempestuous gusts. Shak.

5. A series of steps or stairs from one landing to another. Parker.

6. A kind of arrow for the longbow; also, the sport of shooting with it. See Shaft. [Obs.]

Challenged Cupid at the flight. Shak.
Not a flight drawn home E'er made that haste that they have. Beau. & Fl.

7. The husk or glume of oats. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. <-- 8. a trip made by or in a flying vehicle, as an airplane, spacecraft, or aeronautical balloon. 9. A scheduled flight{8} -- to take a flight{9}. --> Flight feathers (Zo\'94l.), the wing feathers of a bird, including the quills, coverts, and bastard wing. See Bird. -- To put to flight, To turn to flight, to compel to run away; to force to flee; to rout. Syn. -- Pair; set. See Pair.

Flighted

Flight"ed (?), a.

1. Taking flight; flying; -- used in composition. "Drowsy-flighted steeds." Milton.

2. (Her.) Feathered; -- said of arrows.

Flighter

Flight"er (?), n. (Brewing) A horizontal vane revolving over the surface of wort in a cooler, to produce a circular current in the liquor. Knight.

Flightily

Flight"i*ly (?), adv. In a flighty manner.

Flightiness

Flight"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being flighty.
The flightness of her temper. Hawthorne.
Syn. -- Levity; giddiness; volatility; lightness; wildness; eccentricity. See Levity.

Flight-shot

Flight"-shot` (?), n. The distance to which an arrow or flight may be shot; bowshot, -- about the fifth of a mile. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Within a flight-shot it inthe valley. Evelyn.
Half a flight-shot from the king's oak. Sir W. Scott.

Flighty

Flight"y (?), a.

1. Fleeting; swift; transient.

The flighty purpose never is o'ertook, Unless the deed go with it. Shak.

2. Indulging in flights, or wild and unrestrained sallies, of imagination, humor, caprice, etc.; given to disorder

Proofs of my flighty and paradoxical turn of mind. Coleridge.
A harsh disciplinarian and a flighty enthusiast. J. S. Har

Flimflam

Flim"flam (?), n. [Cf. Flam.] A freak; a trick; a lie. Beau. & Fl.

Flimsily

Flim"si*ly (?), adv. In a flimsy manner.

Flimsiness

Flim"si*ness, n. The state or quality of being flimsy.

Flimsy

Flim"sy (?), a. [Compar. Flimsier (?); superl. Flimsiest.] [Cf. W. llumsi naked, bare, empty, slouggish, spiritless. Cf. Limsy.] Weak; feeble; limp; slight; vain; without strength or solidity; of loose and unsubstantial structure; without reason or plausibility; as, a flimsy argument, excuse, objection.
Proud of a vast extent of flimsy lines. Pope.
All the flimsy furniture of a country miss's brain. Sheridan.
Syn. -- Weak; feeble; superficial; shallow; vain.

Flimsy

Flim"sy, n.

1. Thin or transfer paper.

2. A bank note. [Slang, Eng.]

Flinch

Flinch (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flinched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flinching.] [Prob. fr. OE. flecchen to waver, give way, F. fl\'82chir, fr. L. flectere to bend; but prob. influenced by E. blench. Cf. Flex.]

1. To withdraw from any suffering or undertaking, from pain or danger; to fail in doing or perserving; to show signs of yielding or of suffering; to shrink; to wince; as, one of the parties flinched from the combat.

A child, by a constant course of kindness, may be accustomed to bear very rough usage without flinching or complaining. Locke.

2. (Croquet) To let the foot slip from a ball, when attempting to give a tight croquet.

Flinch

Flinch, n. The act of flinching.

Flincher

Flinch"er (?), n.One who flinches or fails.

Flinchingly

Flinch"ing*ly, adv. In a flinching manner.

Flindermouse

Flin"der*mouse` (?), n.[OE. vlindre moth (cf. D. vlinder butterfly) + E. mouse. Cf. Flittermouse, Flinders.] (Zo\'94l.) A bat; a flittermouse.

Flinders

Flin"ders (?), n. pl. [Scot. flenders, flendris; perh. akin to E. flutter; cf. D. flenters rags, broken pieces.] Small pieces or splinters; fragments.
The tough ash spear, so stout and true, Into a thousand flinders flew. Sir W. Scott.

Fling

Fling (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flung (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flinging.] [OE. flingen, flengen, to rush, hurl; cf. Icel. flengia to whip, ride furiously, OSw. flenga to strike, Sw. fl\'84nga to romp, Dan. flenge to slash.]

1. To cast, send, to throw from the hand; to hurl; to dart; to emit with violence as if thrown from the hand; as, to fing a stone into the pond.

'T is Fate that flings the dice: and, as she flings, Of kings makes peasants, and of peasants kings. Dryden.
He . . . like Jove, his lighting flung. Dryden.
I know thy generous temper well. Fling but the appearance of dishonor on it, It straight takes fire. Addison.

2. To shed forth; to emit; to scatter.

The sun begins to fling His flaring beams. Milton.
Every beam new transient colors flings. Pope.

3. To throw; to hurl; to throw off or down; to prostrate; hence, to baffle; to defeat; as, to fling a party in litigation.

His horse started, flung him, and fell upon him. Walpole.

Page 571

To fling about, to throw on all sides; to scatter. -- To fling away, to reject; to discard.

Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away ambition. Shak.
--To fling down. (a) To throw to the ground; esp., to throw in defiance, as formerly knights cast a glove into the arena as a challenge.
This question so flung down before the guests, . . . Was handed over by consent of all To me who had not spoken. Tennyson.
(b) To overturn; to demolish; to ruin. -- To fling in, to throw in; not to charge in an account; as, in settling accounts, one party flings in a small sum, or a few days' work. -- To fling off, to baffle in the chase; to defeat of prey; also, to get rid of. Addison. -- To fling open, to throw open; to open suddenly or with violence; as, to fling open a door. -- To fling out, to utter; to speak in an abrupt or harsh manner; as, to fling out hard words against another. -- To fling up, to relinquish; to abandon; as, to fling up a design.

Fling

Fling (?), v. i.

1. To throw; to wince; to flounce; as, the horse began to kick and fling.

2. To cast in the teeth; to utter abusive language; to sneer; as, the scold began to flout and fling.

3. To throw one's self in a violent or hasty manner; to rush or spring with violence or haste.

And crop-full, out of doors he flings. Milton.
I flung closer to his breast, As sword that, after battle, flings to sheath. Mrs. Browning.
To fling out, to become ugly and intractable; to utter sneers and insinuations.

Fling

Fling, n.

1. A cast from the hand; a throw; also, a flounce; a kick; as, the fling of a horse.

2. A severe or contemptuous remark; an expression of sarcastic scorn; a gibe; a sarcasm.

I, who love to have a fling, Both at senate house and king. Swift.

3. A kind of dance; as, the Highland fling.

4. A trifing matter; an object of contempt. [Obs.]

England were but a fling Save for the crooked stick and the gray goose wing. Old Proverb.
To have one's fling, to enjoy one's self to the full; to have a season of dissipation. J. H. Newman. "When I was as young as you, I had my fling. I led a life of pleasure." D. Jerrold.

Flingdust

Fling"dust` (?), n. One who kicks up the dust; a streetwalker; a low manner. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Flinger

Fling"er (?), n. One who flings; one who jeers.

Flint

Flint (?), n. [AS. flint, akin to Sw. flinta, Dan. flint; cf. OHG. flins flint, G. flinte gun (cf. E. flintlock), perh. akin to Gr. Plinth.]

1. (Min.) A massive, somewhat impure variety of quartz, in color usually of a gray to brown or nearly black, breaking with a conchoidal fracture and sharp edge. It is very hard, and strikes fire with steel.

2. A piece of flint for striking fire; -- formerly much used, esp. in the hammers of gun locks.

3. Anything extremely hard, unimpressible, and unyielding, like flint. "A heart of flint." Spenser. Flint age. (Geol.) Same as Stone age, under Stone. -- Flint brick, a fire made principially of powdered silex. -- Flint glass. See in the Vocabulary. -- Flint implements (Arch\'91ol.), tools, etc., employed by men before the use of metals, such as axes, arrows, spears, knives, wedges, etc., which were commonly made of flint, but also of granite, jade, jasper, and other hard stones. -- Flint mill. (a) (Pottery) A mill in which flints are ground. (b) (Mining) An obsolete appliance for lighting the miner at his work, in which flints on a revolving wheel were made to produce a shower of sparks, which gave light, but did not inflame the fire damp. Knight. -- Flint stone, a hard, siliceous stone; a flint. -- Flint wall, a kind of wall, common in England, on the face of which are exposed the black surfaces of broken flints set in the mortar, with quions of masonry. -- Liquor of flints, a solution of silica, or flints, in potash. -- To skin a flint, to be capable of, or guilty of, any expedient or any meanness for making money. [Colloq.]

Flint glass

Flint" glass` (?). (Chem.) A soft, heavy, brilliant glass, consisting essentially of a silicate of lead and potassium. It is used for tableware, and for optical instruments, as prisms, its density giving a high degree of dispersive power; -- so called, because formerly the silica was obtained from pulverized flints. Called also crystal glass. Cf. Glass. &hand; The concave or diverging half on an achromatic lens is usually made of flint glass.

Flint-hearted

Flint"-heart`ed (?), a. Hard-hearted. Shak.

Flintiness

Flint"i*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being flinty; hardness; cruelty. Beau. & Fl.

Flintlock

Flint"lock` (?), n.

1. A lock for a gun or pistol, having a flint fixed in the hammer, which on stricking the steel ignites the priming.

2. A hand firearm fitted with a flintlock; esp., the old-fashioned musket of European and other armies.

Flintware

Flint"ware` (?), n. A superior kind of earthenware into whose composition flint enters largely. Knight.

Flintwood

Flint"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) An Australian name for the very hard wood of the Eucalyptus piluralis.

Flinty

Flint"y (?), a. [Compar. Flintier (?); superl. Flintiest.] Consisting of, composed of, abounding in, or resembling, flint; as, a flinty rock; flinty ground; a flinty heart. Flinty rockFlinty state, a siliceous slate; -- basanite is here included. See Basanite.

Flip

Flip (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. flip nimble, flippant, also, a slight blow. Cf. Flippant.] A mixture of beer, spirit, etc., stirred and heated by a hot iron. Flip dog, an iron used, when heated, to warm flip.

Flip

Flip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flipping.] To toss or fillip; as, to flip up a cent.
As when your little ones Do 'twixt their fingers flip their cherry stones. W. Browne.

Flipe

Flipe (?), v. t. To turn inside out, or with the leg part back over the foot, as a stocking in pulling off or for putting on. [Scot.]

Flip-flap

Flip"-flap` (?), n. [See Flip, and Flap.] The repeated stroke of something long and loose. Johnson.

Flip-flap

Flip"-flap`, adv. With repeated strokes and noise, as of something long and loose. Ash.

Flippancy

Flip"pan*cy (?), n.[See Flippant.] The state or quality of being flippant.
This flippancy of language. Bp. Hurd.

Flippant

Flip"pant (?), a. [Prov. E. flip to move nimbly; cf. W. llipa soft, limber, pliant, or Icel. fleipa to babble, prattle. Cf. Flip, Fillip, Flap, Flipper.]

1. Of smooth, fluent, and rapid speech; speaking with ease and rapidity; having a voluble tongue; talkative.

It becometh good men, in such cases, to be flippant and free in their speech. Barrow.

2. Speaking fluently and confidently, without knowledge or consideration; empty; trifling; inconsederate; pert; petulant. "Flippant epilogous." Thomson.

To put flippant scorn to the blush. I. Taylor.
A sort of flippant, vain discourse. Burke.

Flippant

Flip"pant, n. A flippant person. [R.] Tennyson.

Flippantly

Flip"pant*ly, adv. In a flippant manner.

Flippantness

Flip"pant*ness, n. State or quality of being flippant.

Flipper

Flip"per (?), n. [Cf. Flip, Flippant.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A broad flat limb used for swimming, as those of seals, sea turtles, whales, etc.

2. (Naut.) The hand. [Slang]

Flirt

Flirt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flirted; p. pr. & vb. n. Flirting.] [Cf. AS. fleard trifle, folly, fleardian to trifle.]

1. To throw with a jerk or quick effort; to fling suddenly; as, they flirt water in each other's faces; he flirted a glove, or a handkerchief.

2. To toss or throw about; to move playfully to and fro; as, to flirt a fan.

3. To jeer at; to treat with contempt; to mock. [Obs.]

I am ashamed; I am scorned; I am flirted. Beau. & Fl.

Flirt

Flirt, v. i.

1. To run and dart about; to act with giddiness, or from a desire to attract notice; especially, to play the coquette; to play at courtship; to coquet; as, they flirt with the young men.

2. To utter contemptious language, with an air of disdain; to jeer or gibe. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Flirt

Flirt, n.

1. A sudden jerk; a quick throw or cast; a darting motion; hence, a jeer.

Several little flirts and vibrations. Addison.
With many a flirt and flutter. E. A. Poe.

2. [Cf. LG. flirtje, G. flirtchen. See Flirt, v. t.] One who flirts; esp., a woman who acts with giddiness, or plays at courtship; a coquette; a pert girl.

Several young flirts about town had a design to cast us out of the fashionable world. Addison.

Flirt

Flirt, a. Pert; wanton. [Obs.]

Flirtation

Flir*ta"tion (?), n.

1. Playing at courtship; coquerty.

The flirtations and jealousies of our ball rooms. Macaulay.

Flirt-gill

Flirt"-gill` (?), n. A woman of light behavior; a gill-flirt. [Obs.] Shak.
You heard him take me up like a flirt-gill. Beau. & Fl.

Flirtigig

Flirt"i*gig (?), n. A wanton, pert girl. [Obs.]

Flirtingly

Flirt"ing*ly, adv. In a flirting manner.

Flisk

Flisk (?), v. i. To frisk; to skip; to caper. [Obs. Scot.] "The flisking flies." Gosson.

Flisk

Flisk, n. A caper; a spring; a whim. [Scot.]

Flit

Flit (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flitting (?).] [OE. flitten, flutten, to carry away; cf. Icel. flytja, Sw. flytta, Dan. flytte. Fleet, v. i.]

1. To move with celerity through the air; to fly away with a rapid motion; to dart along; to fleet; as, a bird flits away; a cloud flits along.

A shadow flits before me. Tennyson.

2. To flutter; to rove on the wing. Dryden.

3. To pass rapidly, as a light substance, from one place to another; to remove; to migrate.

It became a received opinion, that the souls of men, departing this life, did flit out of one body into some other. Hooker.

4. To remove from one place or habitation to another. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Wright. Jamieson.

5. To be unstable; to be easily or often moved.

And the free soul to flitting air resigned. Dryden.

Flit

Flit, a. Nimble; quick; swift. [Obs.] See Fleet.

Flitch

Flitch (?), n.; pl. Flitches (#). [OE. flicche, flikke, AS. flicce, akin to Icel. flikki; cf. Icel. fl\'c6k flap, tatter; perh. akin to E. fleck. Cf. Flick, n.]

1. The side of a hog salted and cured; a side of bacon. Swift.

2. One of several planks, smaller timbers, or iron plates, which are secured together, side by side, to make a large girder or built beam.

3. The outside piece of a sawed log; a slab. [Eng.]

Flite

Flite (?), v. i. [AS. fl\'c6tan to strive, contend, quarrel; akin to G. fleiss industry.] To scold; to quarrel. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

Flitter

Flit"ter (?), v. i. To flutter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Flitter

Flit"ter, v. t. To flutter; to move quickly; as, to flitter the cards. [R.] Lowell.

Flitter

Flit"ter, n. [Cf. G. flitter spangle, tinsel, flittern to make a tremulous motion, to glitter. Cf. Flitter, v. i.] A rag; a tatter; a small piece or fragment.

Flittermouse

Flit"ter*mouse` (?), n. [Flitter, v.i. + mouse; cf. G. fledermaus, OHG. fledarm. Cf. Flickermouse, Flindermouse.] (Zo\'94l.) A bat; -- called also flickermouse, flindermouse, and flintymouse.

Flittern

Flit"tern (?), a.A term applied to the bark obtained from young oak trees. McElrath.

Flittiness

Flit"ti*ness (?), n. [From Flitty.] Unsteadiness; levity; lightness. [Obs.] Bp. Hopkins.

Flitting

Flit"ting (?), n.

1. A flying with lightness and celerity; a fluttering.

2. A removal from one habitation to another. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

A neighbor had lent his cart for the flitting, and it was now standing loaded at the door, ready to move away. Jeffrey.

Flittingly

Flit"ting*ly, adv.In a flitting manner.

Flitty

Flit"ty (?), a. [From Flit.] Unstable; fluttering. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Flix

Flix (?), n. [Cf. Flax.] Down; fur. [Obs. or Eng.] J. Dyer.

Flix

Flix, n.The flux; dysentery. [Obs.] Udall. Flix weed (Bot.), the Sisymbrium Sophia, a kind of hedge mustard, formerly used as a remedy for dysentery.

Flo

Flo (?), n.; pl. Flon (#). [AS. fl\'be, fl\'ben.] An arrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Float

Float (?), n.[OE. flote ship, boat, fleet, AS. flota ship, fr. fle\'a2tan to float; akin to D. vloot fleet, G. floss raft, Icel. floti float, raft, fleet, Sw. flotta. &root; 84. See Fleet, v. i., and cf. Flotilla, Flotsam, Plover.]

1. Anything which floats or rests on the surface of a fluid, as to sustain weight, or to indicate the height of the surface, or mark the place of, something. Specifically: (a) A mass of timber or boards fastened together, and conveyed down a stream by the current; a raft. (b) The hollow, metallic ball of a self-acting faucet, which floats upon the water in a cistern or boiler. (c) The cork or quill used in angling, to support the bait line, and indicate the bite of a fish. (d) Anything used to buoy up whatever is liable to sink; an inflated bag or pillow used by persons learning to swim; a life preserver.

This reform bill . . . had been used as a float by the conservative ministry. J. P. Peters.

2. A float board. See Float board (below).

3. (Tempering) A contrivance for affording a copious stream of water to the heated surface of an object of large bulk, as an anvil or die. Knight.

4. The act of flowing; flux; flow. [Obs.] Bacon.

5. A quantity of earth, eighteen feet square and one foot deep. [Obs.] Mortimer.

6. (Plastering) The trowel or tool with which the floated coat of plastering is leveled and smoothed.

7. A polishing block used in marble working; a runner. Knight.

8. A single-cut file for smoothing; a tool used by shoemakers for rasping off pegs inside a shoe.

9. A coal cart. [Eng.] Simmonds.

10. The sea; a wave. See Flote, n. Float board, one of the boards fixed radially to the rim of an undershot water wheel or of a steamer's paddle wheel; -- a vane. -- Float case (Naut.), a caisson used for lifting a ship. -- Float copper ∨ gold (Mining), fine particles of metallic copper or of gold suspended in water, and thus liable to be lost. -- Float ore, water-worn particles of ore; fragments of vein material found on the surface, away from the vein outcrop. Raymond. -- Float stone (Arch.), a siliceous stone used to rub stonework or brickwork to a smooth surface. -- Float valve, a valve or cock acted upon by a float. See Float, 1 (b).

Float

Float, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Floated; p. pr. & vb. n. Floating.] [OE. flotien, flotten, AS. flotian to float, swim, fr. fle\'a2tan. See Float, n.]

1. To rest on the surface of any fluid; to swim; to be buoyed up.

The ark no more now floats, but seems on ground. Milton.
Three blustering nights, borne by the southern blast, I floated. Dryden.

2. To move quietly or gently on the water, as a raft; to drift along; to move or glide without effort or impulse on the surface of a fluid, or through the air.

They stretch their broad plumes and float upon the wind. Pope.
There seems a floating whisper on the hills. Byron.

Float

Float, v. t.

1. To cause to float; to cause to rest or move on the surface of a fluid; as, the tide floated the ship into the harbor.

Had floated that bell on the Inchcape rock. Southey.

2. To flood; to overflow; to cover with water.

Proud Pactolus floats the fruitful lands. Dryden.

3. (Plastering) To pass over and level the surface of with a float while the plastering is kept wet.

4. To support and sustain the credit of, as a commercial scheme or a joint-stock company, so as to enable

Floatable

Float"a*ble (?), a. That may be floated.

Floatage

Float"age (?; 48), n. Same as Flotage.

Floatation

Float*a"tion (?), n.See Flotation.

Floater

Float"er (?), n.

1. One who floats or swims.

2. A float for indicating the height of a liquid surface.

Floating

Float"ing, a.

1. Buoyed upon or in a fluid; a, the floating timbers of a wreck; floating motes in the air.

2. Free or lose from the usual attachment; as, the floating ribs in man and some other animals.

3. Not funded; not fixed, invested, or determined; as, floating capital; a floating debt.

Trade was at an end. Floating capital had been withdrawn in great masses from the island. Macaulay.
Floating anchor (Naut.), a drag or sea anchor; drag sail. -- Floating battery (Mil.), a battery erected on rafts or the hulls of ships, chiefly for the defense of a coast or the bombardment of a place. -- Floating bridge. (a) A bridge consisting of rafts or timber, with a floor of plank, supported wholly by the water; a bateau bridge. See Bateau. (b) (Mil.) A kind of double bridge, the upper one projecting beyond the lower one, and capable of being moved forward by pulleys; -- used for carrying troops over narrow moats in attacking the outworks of a fort. (c) A kind of ferryboat which is guided and impelled by means of chains which are anchored on each side of a stream, and pass over wheels on the vessel, the wheels being driven by stream power. (d) The landing platform of a ferry dock. -- Floating cartilage (Med.), a cartilage which moves freely in the cavity of a joint, and often interferes with the functions of the latter. -- Floating dam. (a) An anchored dam. (b) A caisson used as a gate for a dry dock. -- Floating derrick, a derrick on a float for river and harbor use, in raising vessels, moving stone for harbor improvements, etc. -- Floating dock. (Naut.) See under Dock. -- Floating harbor, a breakwater of cages or booms, anchored and fastened together, and used as a protection to ships riding at anchor to leeward. Knight. -- Floating heart (Bot.), a small aquatic plant (Limnanthemum lacunosum) whose heart-shaped leaves float on the water of American ponds. -- Floating island, a dish for dessert, consisting of custard with floating masses of whipped cream or white of eggs. -- Floating kidney. (Med.) See Wandering kidney, under Wandering. -- Floating light, a light shown at the masthead of a vessel moored over sunken rocks, shoals, etc., to warn mariners of danger; a light-ship; also, a light erected on a buoy or floating stage. -- Floating liver. (Med.) See Wandering liver, under Wandering. -- Floating pier, a landing stage or pier which rises and falls with the tide. -- Floating ribs (Anat.), the lower or posterior ribs which are not connected with the others in front; in man they are the last two pairs. -- Floating screed (Plastering), a strip of plastering first laid on, to serve as a guide for the thickness of the coat. -- Floating threads (Weaving), threads which span several other threads without being interwoven with them, in a woven fabric.
Page 572

Floating

Float"ing (?), n.

1. (Weaving) Floating threads. See Floating threads, above.

2. The second coat of three-coat plastering. Knight.

Floatingly

Float"ing*ly, adv. In a floating manner.

Floaty

Float"y (?), a. Swimming on the surface; buoyant; light. Sir W. Raleigh.

Flobert

Flo"bert (?), n. (Gun.) A small cartridge designed for target shooting; -- sometimes called ball cap. Flobert rifle, a rifle adapted to the use of floberts.

Floccillation

Floc`cil*la"tion (?), n. [L. floccus a flock of wool. Cf. Flock of wool.] (Med.) A delirious picking of bedclothes by a sick person, as if to pick off flocks of wool; carphology; -- an alarming symptom in acute diseases. Dunglison.

Floc/cose

Floc/cose" (?), a. [L. floccosus. Cf. 2d Flock, n.]

1. Spotted with small tufts like wool. Wright.

2. (Bot.) Having tufts of soft hairs, which are often deciduous.

Floccular

Floc"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the flocculus.

Flocculate

Floc"cu*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flocculated; p. pr. & vb. n. Flocculating.] (Geol.) To aggregate into small lumps.

Flocculate

Floc"cu*late (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Furnished with tufts of curly hairs, as some insects.

Flocculation

Floc`cu*la"tion (?), n. (Geol.) The process by which small particles of fine soils and sediments aggregate into larger lumps.

Flocculence

Floc"cu*lence (?), n. The state of being flocculent.

Flocculent

Floc"cu*lent (?), a. [See Flock of wool.]

1. Clothed with small flocks or flakes; woolly. Gray.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Applied to the down of newly hatched or unfledged birds.

Flocculus

Floc"cu*lus (?), n.; pl. Flocculi (#). [NL., dim. of L. floccus a lock or flock of wool.] (Anat.) A small lobe in the under surface of the cerebellum, near the middle peduncle; the subpeduncular lobe.

Floccus

Floc"cus (?), n.; pl. Flocci (#). [L., a flock of wool.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The tuft of hair terminating the tail of mammals. (b) A tuft of feathers on the head of young birds.

2. (Bot.) A woolly filament sometimes occuring with the sporules of certain fungi.

Flock

Flock (?), n. [AS. flocc flock, company; akin to Icel. flokkr crowd, Sw. flock, Dan. flok; prob. orig. used of flows, and akin to E. fly. See Fly.]

1. A company or collection of living creatures; -- especially applied to sheep and birds, rarely to persons or (except in the plural) to cattle and other large animals; as, a flock of ravenous fowl. Milton.

The heathen . . . came to Nicanor by flocks. 2 Macc. xiv. 14.

2. A Christian church or congregation; considered in their relation to the pastor, or minister in charge.

As half amazed, half frighted all his flock. Tennyson.

Flock

Flock, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flocking.] To gather in companies or crowds.
Friends daily flock. Dryden.
Flocking fowl (Zo\'94l.), the greater scaup duck.

Flock

Flock, v. t. To flock to; to crowd. [Obs.]
Good fellows, trooping, flocked me so. Taylor (1609).

Flock

Flock, n. [OE. flokke; cf. D. vlok, G. flocke, OHG. floccho, Icel. fl, perh. akin to E. flicker, flacker, or cf. L. floccus, F. floc.]

1. A lock of wool or hair.

I prythee, Tom, beat Cut's saddle, put a few flocks in the point [pommel]. Shak.

2. Woolen or cotton refuse (sing. ∨ pl.), old rags, etc., reduced to a degree of fineness by machinery, and used for stuffing unpholstered furniture.

3. Very fine, sifted, woolen refuse, especially that from shearing the nap of cloths, used as a coating for wall paper to give it a velvety or clothlike appearance; also, the dust of vegetable fiber used for a similar purpose. Flock bed, a bed filled with flocks or locks of coarse wool, or pieces of cloth cut up fine. "Once a flock bed, but repaired with straw." Pope. -- Flock paper, paper coated with flock fixed with glue or size.

Flock

Flock, v. t. To coat with flock, as wall paper; to roughen the surface of (as glass) so as to give an appearance of being covered with fine flock.

Flockling

Flock"ling, n. A lamb. [Obs.] Brome (1659).

Flockly

Flock"ly, adv. In flocks; in crowds. [Obs.]

Flockmel

Flock"mel (?), adv. [AS. flocm. See Meal part.] In a flock; in a body. [Obs.]
That flockmel on a day they to him went. Chaucer.

Flocky

Flock"y, a. Abounding with flocks; floccose.

Floe

Floe (?), n. [Cf. Dan. flag af iis, iisflage, Sw. flaga, flake, isflaga, isflake. See Flag a flat stone.] A low, flat mass of floating ice. Floe rat (Zo\'94l.), a seal (Phoca f\'d2tida).

Flog

Flog (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flogging (?).] [Cf. Scot. fleg blow, stroke, kick, AS. flocan to strike, or perh. fr. L. flagellare to whip. Cf. Flagellate.] To beat or strike with a rod or whip; to whip; to lash; to chastise with repeated blows.

Flogger

Flog"ger (?), n.

1. One who flogs.

2. A kind of mallet for beating the bung stave of a cask to start the bung. Knight.

Flogging

Flog"ging (?), a. & n. from Flog, v. t. Flogging chisel (Mach.), a large cold chisel, used in chipping castings. -- Flogging hammer, a small sledge hammer used for striking a flogging chisel.

Flon

Flon (?), n. pl. See Flo. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Flong

Flong (? ∨ ?), obs. imp. & p. p. of Fling.

Flood

Flood (?), n. [OE. flod a flowing, stream, flood, AS. fl&omac;d; akin to D. vloed, OS. fl&omac;d, OHG. fluot, G. flut, Icel. fl&omac;&edh;, Sw. & Dan. flod, Goth. fl&omac;dus; from the root of E. flow. &root;80. See Flow, v. i.]

1. A great flow of water; a body of moving water; the flowing stream, as of a river; especially, a body of water, rising, swelling, and overflowing land not usually thus covered; a deluge; a freshet; an inundation.

A covenant never to destroy The earth again by flood. Milton.

2. The flowing in of the tide; the semidiurnal swell or rise of water in the ocean; -- opposed to ebb; as, young flood; high flood.

There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune. Shak.

3. A great flow or stream of any fluid substance; as, a flood of light; a flood of lava; hence, a great quantity widely diffused; an overflowing; a superabundance; as, a flood of bank notes; a flood of paper currency.

4. Menstrual disharge; menses. Harvey. Flood anchor (Naut.) , the anchor by which a ship is held while the tide is rising. -- Flood fence, a fence so secured that it will not be swept away by a flood. -- Flood gate, a gate for shutting out, admitting, or releasing, a body of water; a tide gate. -- Flood mark, the mark or line to which the tide, or a flood, rises; high-water mark. -- Flood tide, the rising tide; -- opposed to ebb tide. -- The Flood, the deluge in the days of Noah.

Flood

Flood, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flooded; p. pr. & vb. n. Flooding.]

1. To overflow; to inundate; to deluge; as, the swollen river flooded the valley.

2. To cause or permit to be inundated; to fill or cover with water or other fluid; as, to flood arable land for irrigation; to fill to excess or to its full capacity; as, to flood a country with a depreciated currency.

Floodage

Flood"age (?; 48), n. Inundation. [R.] Carlyle.

Flooder

Flood"er (?), n. One who floods anything.

Flooding

Flood"ing, n. The filling or covering with water or other fluid; overflow; inundation; the filling anything to excess.

2. (Med.) An abnormal or excessive discharge of blood from the uterus. Dunglison.

Flook

Flook (?), n. A fluke of an anchor.

Flookan, Flukan

Flook"an (?), Flu"kan (?), n. (Mining) See Flucan.

Flooky

Flook"y (?), a. Fluky.

Floor

Floor (?), n. [AS. fl; akin to D. vloer, G. flur field, floor, entrance hall, Icel. fl floor of a cow stall, cf. Ir. & Gael. lar floor, ground, earth, W. llawr, perh. akin to L. planus level. Cf. Plain smooth.]

1. The bottom or lower part of any room; the part upon which we stand and upon which the movables in the room are supported.

2. The structure formed of beams, girders, etc., with proper covering, which divides a building horizontally into stories. Floor in sense 1 is, then, the upper surface of floor in sense 2.

3. The surface, or the platform, of a structure on which we walk or travel; as, the floor of a bridge.

4. A story of a building. See Story.

5. (Legislative Assemblies) (a) The part of the house assigned to the members. (b) The right to speak. [U.S.] &hand; Instead of he has the floor, the English say, he is in possession of the house.

6. (Naut.) That part of the bottom of a vessel on each side of the keelson which is most nearly horizontal.

7. (Mining) (a) The rock underlying a stratified or nearly horizontal deposit. (b) A horizontal, flat ore body. Raymond. Floor cloth, a heavy fabric, painted, varnished, or saturated, with waterproof material, for covering floors; oilcloth. -- Floor cramp, an implement for tightening the seams of floor boards before nailing them in position. -- Floor light, a frame with glass panes in a floor. -- Floor plan. (a) (Shipbuilding) A longitudinal section, showing a ship as divided at the water line. (b) (Arch.) A horizontal section, showing the thickness of the walls and partitions, arrangement of passages, apartments, and openings at the level of any floor of a house.

Floor

Floor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Floored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flooring.]

1. To cover with a floor; to furnish with a floor; as, to floor a house with pine boards.

2. To strike down or lay level with the floor; to knock down; hence, to silence by a conclusive answer or retort; as, to floor an opponent.

Floored or crushed by him. Coleridge.

3. To finish or make an end of; as, to floor a college examination. [Colloq.]

I've floored my little-go work. T. Hughes.

Floorage

Floor"age (?; 48), n. Floor space.

Floorer

Floor"er (?), n. Anything that floors or upsets a person, as a blow that knocks him down; a conclusive answer or retort; a task that exceeds one's abilities. [Colloq.]

Floorheads

Floor"heads`, n. pl. (Naut.) The upper extermities of the floor of a vessel.

Flooring

Floor"ing, n. A platform; the bottom of a room; a floor; pavement. See Floor, n. Addison.

2. Material for the construction of a floor or floors.

Floorless

Floor"less, a. Having no floor.

Floorwalker

Floor"walk`er (?), n. One who walks about in a large retail store as an overseer and director. [U.S.]

Flop

Flop (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flopped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flopping.] [A variant of flap.]

1. To clap or strike, as a bird its wings, a fish its tail, etc.; to flap.

2. To turn suddenly, as something broad and flat. [Colloq.] Fielding.

Flop

Flop (?), v. i.

1. To strike about with something broad abd flat, as a fish with its tail, or a bird with its wings; to rise and fall; as, the brim of a hat flops.

2. To fall, sink, or throw one's self, heavily, clumsily, and unexpectedly on the ground. [Colloq.] Dickens.

Flop

Flop, n. Act of flopping. [Colloq.] W. H. Russell.

Floppy

Flop"py (?), n. Having a tendency to flop or flap; as, a floppy hat brim. G. Eliot.

Flopwing

Flop"wing` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lapwing.

Flora

Flo"ra (?), n. [L., the goddess of flowers, from flos, floris, flower. See Flower.]

1. (Rom. Myth.) The goddess of flowers and spring.

2. (Bot.) The complete system of vegetable species growing without cultivation in a given locality, region, or period; a list or description of, or treatise on, such plants.

Floral

Flo"ral (?), a. [L. Floralis belonging to Flora: cf. F. floral. See Flora.]

1. Pertaining to Flora, or to flowers; made of flowers; as, floral games, wreaths.

2. (Bot.) Containing, or belonging to, a flower; as, a floral bud; a floral leaf; floral characters. Martyn. Floral envelope (Bot.), the calyx and corolla, one or the other of which (mostly the corolla) may be wanting.

Florally

Flo"ral*ly, adv. In a floral manner.

Floramour

Flo"ra*mour (?), n.[L. flos, floris, flower + amorlove.] The plant love-lies-bleeding. [Obs.] Prior.

Floran

Flo"ran (?), n. (Mining) Tin ore scarcely perceptible in the stone; tin ore stamped very fine. Pryce.

Flor\'82al

Flo`r\'82al" (?), n. [F. flor\'82al, fr. L. flos, floris, flower.] The eight month of the French republican calendar. It began April 20, and ended May 19. See Vend\'82miare.

Floren

Flor"en (?), n. [LL. florenus. See Florin.] A cerain gold coin; a Florence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Florence

Flor"ence (?), n. [From the city of Florence: cf. F. florence a kind of cloth, OF. florin.]

1. An ancient gold coin of the time of Edward III., of six shillings sterling value. Camden.

2. A kind of cloth. Johnson. Florence flask. See under Flask. -- Florence oil, olive oil prepared in Florence.

Florentine

Flor"en*tine (? ∨ ?; 277), a. [L. Florentinus, fr. Florentia Florence: cf. F. florentin.] Belonging or relating to Florence, in Italy. Florentine mosaic, a mosaic of hard or semiprecious stones, often so chosen and arranged that their natural colors represent leaves, flowers, and the like, inlaid in a background, usually of black or white marble.

Florentine

Flor"en*tine, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Florence, a city in Italy.

2. A kind of silk. Knight.

3. A kind of pudding or tart; a kind of meat pie. [Obs.]

Stealing custards, tarts, and florentines. Beau. & Fl.

Florescence

Flo*res"cence (?), n. [See Florescent.] (Bot.) A bursting into flower; a blossoming. Martyn.

Florescent

Flo*res"cent (?), a. [L. florescens, p.pr. of florescere begin to blossom, incho. fr. florere to blossom, fr. flos, floris, flower. See Flower.] Expanding into flowers; blossoming.

Floret

Flo"ret (?), n. [OF. florete, F. fleurette, dim. of OF. lor, F. fleur. See Flower, and cf. Floweret, 3d Ferret.]

1. (Bot.) A little flower; one of the numerous little flowers which compose the head or anthodium in such flowers as the daisy, thistle, and dandelion. Gray.

2. [F. fleuret.] A foil; a blunt sword used in fencing. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Floriage

Flo"ri*age (?), n. [L. flos, flori, flower.] Bloom; blossom. [Obs.] J. Scott.

Floriated

Flo"ri*a`ted (?), a. (Arch.) Having floral ornaments; as, floriated capitals of Gothic pillars.

Floricmous

Flo*ric"mous (?), a. [L. flos, floris, flower + coma hair.] Having the head adorned with flowers. [R.]

Floricultural

Flo`ri*cul"tur*al (? ∨ ?; 135), a. Pertaining to the cultivation of flowering plants.

Floriculture

Flo"ri*cul`ture (? ∨ ?; 135, 277), n. [L. flos, floris, flower + cultura culture.] The cultivation of flowering plants.

Floriculturist

Flo`ri*cul"tur*ist (?), n. One skilled in the cultivation of flowers; a florist.

Florid

Flor"id (?), a. [L. floridus, fr. flos, floris, flower. See Flower.]

1. Covered with flowers; abounding in flowers; flowery. [R.]

Fruit from a pleasant and florid tree. Jer. Taylor.

2. Bright in color; flushed with red; of a lively reddish color; as, a florid countenance.

3. Embellished with flowers of rhetoric; enriched to excess with figures; excessively ornate; as, a florid style; florid eloquence.

4. (Mus.) Flowery; ornamental; running in rapid melodic figures, divisions, or passages, as in variations; full of fioriture or little ornamentations.

Florida bean

Flor"i*da bean" (?). (Bot.) (a) The large, roundish, flattened seed of Mucuna urens. See under Bean. (b) One of the very large seeds of the Entada scandens.

Floride\'91

Flo*rid"e*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. flos, floris, a flower.] (Bot.) A subclass of alg\'91 including all the red or purplish seaweeds; the Rhodosperme\'91 of many authors; -- so called from the rosy or florid color of most of the species.

Floridity

Flo*rid"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being florid; floridness. Floyer.

Floridly

Flor"id*ly (?), adv. In a florid manner.

Floridness

Flor"id*ness, n. The quality of being florid. Boyle.

Floriferous

Flo*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. florifer; flos, floris, flower + ferre to bear; cf. F. florif\'8are.] Producing flowers. Blount.
Page 573

Florification

Flo`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. flos, floris, flower + facere to make.] The act, process, or time of flowering; florescence.

Floriform

Flo"ri*form (? ∨ ?), a. [L. flos, floris, flower + -form: cf. F. floriforme.] Having the form of a flower; flower-shaped.

Floriken

Flo"ri*ken (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Indian bustard (Otis aurita). The Bengal floriken is Sypheotides Bengalensis. [Written also florikan, floriken, florican.]

Florilege

Flo"ri*lege (?), n. [L. florilegus flower-culling; flos, floris, flower + legere to gather: cf. F. floril\'8age.] The act of gathering flowers.

Florimer

Flo"ri*mer (?), n. (Bot.) See Floramour. [Obs.]

Florin

Flor"in (?), n. [F. florin, It. florino, orig., a Florentine coin, with a lily on it, fr. flore a flower, fr. L. flos. See Flower, and cf. Floren.] A silver coin of Florence, first struck in the twelfth century, and noted for its beauty. The name is given to different coins in different countries. The florin of England, first minted in 1849, is worth two shillings, or about 48 cents; the florin of the Netherlands, about 40 cents; of Austria, about 36 cents.

Florist

Flo"rist (? ∨ ?; 277), n. [Cf. F. fleuriste, floriste, fr. F. fleur flower. See Flower.]

1. A cultivator of, or dealer in, flowers.

2. One who writes a flora, or an account of plants.

Floroon

Flo*roon" (?), n. [F. fleuron. See Flower.] A border worked with flowers. Wright.

Florulent

Flor"u*lent (?), a. [L. florulentus, fr. flos, floris, flower.] Flowery; blossoming. [Obs.] Blount.

Floscular

Flos"cu*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Flosculous.

Floscularian

Flos`cu*la"ri*an (?), n. [From L. flosculus a floweret.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a group of stalked rotifers, having ciliated tentacles around the lobed disk.

Floscule

Flos*cule (?), n. [L. flosculus, dim. of flos flower: cf. F. floscule.] (Bot.) A floret.

Flosculous

Flos"cu*lous (?), a. (Bot.) Consisting of many gamopetalous florets.

Flos-ferri

Flos`-fer"ri (?), n.[L., flower of iron.] (Min.) A variety of aragonite, occuring in delicate white coralloidal forms; -- common in beds of iron ore.

Flosh

Flosh (?), n. [Cf. G. fl\'94sse a trough in which tin ore is washed.] (Metallurgy) A hopper-shaped box or Knight.

Floss

Floss (?; 195), n. [It. floscio flabby, soft, fr. L. fluxus flowing, loose, slack. See Flux, n.]

1. (Bot.) The slender styles of the pistillate flowers of maize; also called silk.

2. Untwisted filaments of silk, used in embroidering. Floss silk, silk that has been twisted, and which retains its loose and downy character. It is much used in embroidery. Called also floxed silk. -- Floss thread, a kind of soft flaxen yarn or thread, used for embroidery; -- called also linen floss, and floss yarn. McElrath.

Floss

Floss, n. [Cf. G. floss a float.]

1. A small stream of water. [Eng.]

2. Fluid glass floating on iron in the puddling furnace, produced by the vitrification of oxides and earths which are present. Floss hole. (a) A hole at the back of a puddling furnace, at which the slags pass out. (b) The tap hole of a melting furnace. Knight.

Flossification

Flos`si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. Florification.] A flowering; florification. [R.] Craig.

Flossy

Floss"y (?; 115), a. Pertaining to, made of, or resembling, floss; hence, light; downy.

Flota

Flo"ta (?), n. [Sp. See Flotilla.] A fleet; especially, a

Flotage

Flo"tage (?), n. [OF. flotage, F. flottage, fr. flotter to float.]

1. The state of floating.

2. That which floats on the sea or in rivers. [Written also floatage.]

Flotant

Flo"tant (?), a. [OF. flotant, F. flottant, p.pr. of flotter to float.] (Her.) Represented as flying or streaming in the air; as, a banner flotant.

Flotation

Flo*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. flottation a floating, flottaison water line, fr. flotter to float. See Flotilla.]

1. The act, process, or state of floating.

2. The science of floating bodies. Center of flotation. (Shipbuilding) (a) The center of any given plane of flotation. (b) More commonly, the middle of the length of the load water line. Rankine. -- Plane, ∨ Line, of flotation, the plane or line in which the horizontal surface of a fluid cuts a body floating in it. See Bearing, n., 9 (c). -- Surface of flotation (Shipbuilding), the imaginary surface which all the planes of flotation touch when a vessel rolls or pitches; the envelope of all such planes.

Flote

Flote (?), v. t. To fleet; to skim. [Obs.] Tusser.

Flote

Flote, n. [Cf. F. flot, L. fluctus; also cf. Float, n.] A wave. [Obs.] "The Mediterranean flote." Shak.

Flotery

Flot"er*y (?), a. Wavy; flowing. [Obs.]
With flotery beard. Chaucer.

Flotilla

Flo*til"la (?), n. [Sp. flotilla, dim. of flota fleet; akin to F. flotte, It. flotta, and F. flot wave, fr. L. fluctus, but prob. influenced by words akin to E. float. See Fluctuate, and cf. Float, n.] A little fleet, or a fleet of small vessels.

Flotsam, Flotson

Flot"sam (?), Flot"son (?), n. [F. flotter to float. See FFlotilla, and cf. Jetsam.] (Law) Goods lost by shipwreck, and floating on the sea; -- in distinction from jetsam or jetson. Blackstone.

Flotten

Flot"ten (?), p. p. of Flote, v. t. Skimmed. [Obs.]

Flounce

Flounce (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flounced (flounst); p. pr. & vb. n. Flouncing (?).] [Cf. OSw. flunsa to immerge.] To throw the limbs and body one way and the other; to spring, turn, or twist with sudden effort or violence; to struggle, as a horse in mire; to flounder; to throw one's self with a jerk or spasm, often as in displeasure.
To flutter and flounce will do nothing but batter and bruise us. Barrow.
With his broad fins and forky tail he laves The rising sirge, and flounces in the waves. Addison.

Flounce

Flounce (?), n. The act of floucing; a sudden, jerking motion of the body.

Flounce

Flounce, n. [Cf. G. flaus, flausch, a tuft of wool or hair; akin to vliess, E. fleece; or perh. corrupted fr. rounce.] An ornamental appendage to the skirt of a woman's dress, consisting of a strip gathered and sewed on by its upper edge around the skirt, and left hanging.

Flounce

Flounce, v. t. To deck with a flounce or flounces; as, to flounce a petticoat or a frock.

Flounder

Floun"der (?), n. [Cf. Sw. flundra; akin to Dan. flynder, Icel. fly, G. flunder, and perh. to E. flounder, v.i.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A flatfish of the family Pleuronectid\'91, of many species. &hand; The common English flounder is Pleuronectes flesus. There are several common American species used as food; as the smooth flounder (P. glabra); the rough or winter flounder (P. Americanus); the summer flounder, or plaice (Paralichthys dentatus), Atlantic coast; and the starry flounder (Pleuronectes stellatus).

2. (Bootmaking) A tool used in crimping boot fronts.

Flounder

Floun"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Floundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Floundering.] [Cf. D. flodderen to flap, splash through mire, E. flounce, v.i., and flounder the fish.] To fling the limbs and body, as in making efforts to move; to struggle, as a horse in the mire, or as a fish on land; to roll, toss, and tumble; to flounce.
They have floundered on from blunder to blunder. Sir W. Hamilton.

Flounder

Floun"der, n.The act of floundering.

Flour

Flour (?), n. [F. fleur de farine the flower (i.e., the best) of meal, cf. Sp. flor de la harina superfine flour, Icel. fl\'81r flower, flour. See Flower.] The finely ground meal of wheat, or of any other grain; especially, the finer part of meal separated by bolting; hence, the fine and soft powder of any substance; as, flour of emery; flour of mustard. Flour bolt, in milling, a gauze-covered, revolving, cylindrical frame or reel, for sifting the flour from the refuse contained in the meal yielded by the stones. -- Flour box a tin box for scattering flour; a dredging box. -- Flour dredge ∨ dredger, a flour box. -- Flour dresser, a mashine for sorting and distributing flour according to grades of fineness. -- Flour mill, a mill for grinding and sifting flour.

Flour

Flour, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Floured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flouring.]

1. To grind and bolt; to convert into flour; as, to flour wheat.

2. To sprinkle with flour.

Floured

Floured (?), p. a. Finely granulated; -- said of quicksilver which has been granulated by agitation during the amalgamation process. Raymond.

Flourish

Flour"ish (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flourished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flourishing.] [OE. florisshen, flurisshen, OF. flurir, F. fleurir, fr. L. florere to bloom, fr. flos, floris, flower. See Flower, and -ish.]

1. To grow luxuriantly; to increase and enlarge, as a healthy growing plant; a thrive.

A tree thrives and flourishes in a kindly . . . soil. Bp. Horne.

2. To be prosperous; to increase in wealth, honor, comfort, happiness, or whatever is desirable; to thrive; to be prominent and influental; specifically, of authors, painters, etc., to be in a state of activity or production.

When all the workers of iniquity do flourish. Ps. xcii 7
Bad men as frequently prosper and flourish, and that by the means of their wickedness. Nelson.
We say Of those that held their heads above the crowd, They flourished then or then. Tennyson.

3. To use florid language; to indulge in rhetorical figures and lofty expressions; to be flowery.

They dilate . . . and flourish long on little incidents. J. Watts.

4. To make bold and sweeping, fanciful, or wanton movements, by way of ornament, parade, bravado, etc.; to play with fantastic and irregular motion.

Impetuous spread The stream, and smoking flourished o'er his head. Pope.

5. To make ornamental strokes with the pen; to write graceful, decorative figures.

6. To execute an irregular or fanciful strain of music, by way of ornament or prelude.

Why do the emperor's trumpets flourish thus? Shak.

7. To boast; to vaunt; to brag. Pope.

Flourish

Flour"ish, v. t.

1. To adorn with flowers orbeautiful figures, either natural or artificial; to ornament with anything showy; to embellish. [Obs.] Fenton.

2. To embellish with the flowers of diction; to adorn with rhetorical figures; to grace with ostentatious eloquence; to set off with a parade of words. [Obs.]

Sith that the justice of your title to him Doth flourish the deceit. Shak.

3. To move in bold or irregular figures; to swing about in circles or vibrations by way of show or triumph; to brandish.

And flourishes his blade in spite of me. Shak.

4. To develop; to make thrive; to expand. [Obs.]

Bottoms of thread . . . which with a good needle, perhaps flourished into large works. Bacon.

Flourish

Flour"ish (?), n.; pl. Flourishes (.

1. A flourishing condition; prosperity; vigor. [Archaic]

The Roman monarchy, in her highest flourish, never had the like. Howell.

2. Decoration; ornament; beauty.

The flourish of his sober youth Was the pride of naked truth. Crashaw.

3. Something made or performed in a fanciful, wanton, or vaunting manner, by way of ostentation, to excite admiration, etc.; ostentatious embellishment; ambitious copiousness or amplification; parade of wordas, a flourish of rhetoric or of wit.

He lards with flourishes his long harangue. Dryden.

4. A fanciful stroke of the pen or graver; a merely decorative figure.

The neat characters and flourishes of a Bible curiously printed. Boyle.

5. A fantastic or decorative musical passage; a strain of triumph or bravado, not forming part of a regular musical composition; a cal; a fanfare.

A flourish, trumpets! strike alarum, drums! Shak.

6. The waving of a weapon or other thing; a brandishing; as, the fluorish of a sword.

Flourisher

Flour"ish*er (?), n. One who flourishes.

Flourishingly

Flour"ish*ing*ly, adv. In a flourishing manner; ostentatiously.

Floury

Flour"y (?), a. Of or resembling flour; mealy; covered with flour. Dickens.

Flout

Flout (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Flouting.] [OD. fluyten to play the flute, to jeer, D. fluiten, fr. fluit, fr. French. See Flute.] To mock or insult; to treat with contempt.
Phillida flouts me. Walton.
Three gaudy standarts lout the pale blue sky. Byron.

Flout

Flout, v. i. To practice mocking; to behave with contempt; to sneer; to fleer; -- often with at.
Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout. Swift.

Flout

Flout, n. A mock; an insult.
Who put your beauty to this flout and scorn. Tennyson.

Flouter

Flout"er (?), n. One who flouts; a mocker.

Floutingly

Flout"ing*ly, adv. With flouting; insultingly; as, to treat a lover floutingly.

Flow

Flow (?), obs. imp. sing. of Fly, v. i. Chaucer.

Flow

Flow (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. FFlowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flowing.] [AS. fl\'d3wan; akin to D. vloeijen, OHG. flawen to wash, Icel. fl\'d3a to deluge, Gr. float, fleet. \'fb80. Cf. Flood.]

1. To move with a continual change of place among the particles or parts, as a fluid; to change place or circulate, as a liquid; as, rivers flow from springs and lakes; tears flow from the eyes.

2. To become liquid; to melt.

The mountains flowed down at thy presence. Is. lxiv. 3.

3. To pproceed; to issue forth; as, wealth flows from industry and economy.

Those thousand decencies that daily flow From all her words and actions. Milton.

4. To glide along smoothly, without harshness or asperties; as, a flowing period; flowing numbers; to sound smoothly to the ear; to be uttered easily.

Virgil is sweet and flowingin his hexameters. Dryden.

5. To have or be in abundance; to abound; to full, so as to run or flow over; to be copious.

In that day . . . the hills shall flow with milk. Joel iii. 18.
The exhilaration of a night that needed not the influence of the flowing bowl. Prof. Wilson.

6. To hang loose and waving; as, a flowing mantle; flowing locks.

The imperial purple flowing in his train. A. Hamilton.

7. To rise, as the tide; -- opposed to ebb; as, the tide flows twice in twenty-four hours.

The river hath thrice flowed, no ebb between. Shak.

8. To discharge blood in excess from the uterus.

Flow

Flow, v. t.

1. To cover with water or other liquid; to overflow; to inundate; to flood.

2. To cover with varnish.

Flow

Flow, n.

1. A stream of water or other fluid; a current; as, a flow of water; a flow of blood.

2. A continuous movement of something abundant; as, a flow of words.

3. Any gentle, gradual movement or procedure of thought, diction, music, or the like, resembling the quiet, steady movement of a river; a stream.

The feast of reason and the flow of soul. Pope.

4. The tidal setting in of the water from the ocean to the shore. See Ebb and flow, under Ebb.

5. A low-lying piece of watery land; -- called also flow moss and flow bog. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Flowage

Flow"age (?; 48), n. An overflowing with water; also, the water which thus overflows.

Flowen

Flow"en (?), obs. imp. pl. of Fly, v. i. Chaucer.

Flower

Flow"er (?), n. [OE. flour, OF. flour, flur, flor, F. fleur, fr. L. flos, floris. Cf. Blossom, Effloresce, Floret, Florid, Florin, Flour, Flourish.]

1. In the popular sense, the bloom or blossom of a plant; the showy portion, usually of a different color, shape, and texture from the foliage.

2. (Bot.) That part of a plant destined to produce seed, and hence including one or both of the sexual organs; an organ or combination of the organs of reproduction, whether inclosed by a circle of foliar parts or not. A complete flower consists of two essential parts, the stamens and the pistil, and two floral envelopes, the corolla and callyx. In mosses the flowers consist of a few special leaves surrounding or subtending organs called archegonia. See Blossom, and Corolla.


Page 574

&hand; If we examine a common flower, such for instance as a geranium, we shall find that it consists of: First, an outer envelope or calyx, sometimes tubular, sometimes consisting of separate leaves called sepals; secondly, an inner envelope or corolla, which is generally more or less colored, and which, like the calyx, is sometimes tubular, sometimes composed of separate leaves called petals; thirdly, one or more stamens, consisting of a stalk or filament and a head or anther, in which the pollen is produced; and fourthly, a pistil, which is situated in the center of the flower, and consists generally of three principal parts; one or more compartments at the base, each containing one or more seeds; the stalk or style; and the stigma, which in many familiar instances forms a small head, at the top of the style or ovary, and to which the pollen must find its way in order to fertilize the flower. Sir J. Lubbock.

3. The fairest, freshest, and choicest part of anything; as, the flower of an army, or of a family; the state or time of freshness and bloom; as, the flower of life, that is, youth.

The choice and flower of all things profitable the Psalms do more briefly contain. Hooker.
The flower of the chivalry of all Spain. Southey.
A simple maiden in her flower Is worth a hundred coats of arms. Tennyson.

4. Grain pulverized; meal; flour. [Obs.]

The flowers of grains, mixed with water, will make a sort of glue. Arbuthnot.

5. pl. (Old. Chem.) A substance in the form of a powder, especially when condensed from sublimation; as, the flowers of sulphur.

6. A figure of speech; an ornament of style.

7. pl. (Print.) Ornamental type used chiefly for borders around pages, cards, etc. W. Savage.

8. pl. Menstrual discharges. Lev. xv. 24. Animal flower (Zo\'94l.) See under Animal. -- Cut flowers, flowers cut from the stalk, as for making a bouquet. -- Flower bed, a plat in a garden for the cultivation of flowers. -- Flower beetle (Zo\'94l.), any beetle which feeds upon flowers, esp. any one of numerous small species of the genus Meligethes, family Nitidulid\'91, some of which are injurious to crops. -- Flower bird (Zo\'94l.), an Australian bird of the genus Anthornis, allied to the honey eaters. -- Flower bud, an unopened flower. -- Flower clock, an assemblage of flowers which open and close at different hours of the day, thus indicating the time. -- Flower head (Bot.), a compound flower in which all the florets are sessile on their receptacle, as in the case of the daisy. -- Flower pecker (Zo\'94l.), one of a family (Dic\'91id\'91) of small Indian and Australian birds. They resemble humming birds in habits. -- Flower piece. (a) A table ornament made of cut flowers. (b) (Fine Arts) A picture of flowers. -- Flower stalk (Bot.), the peduncle of a plant, or the stem that supports the flower or fructification.

Flower

Flow"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flowering.] [From the noun. Cf. Flourish.]

1. To blossom; to bloom; to expand the petals, as a plant; to produce flowers; as, this plant flowers in June.

2. To come into the finest or fairest condition.

Their lusty and flowering age. Robynson (More's Utopia).
When flowered my youthful spring. Spenser.

3. To froth; to ferment gently, as new beer.

That beer did flower a little. Bacon.

4. To come off as flowers by sublimation. [Obs.]

Observations which have flowered off. Milton.

Flower

Flow"er, v. t. To embellish with flowers; to adorn with imitated flowers; as, flowered silk.

Flowerage

Flow"er*age (?; 48), n. State of flowers; flowers, collectively or in general. Tennyson.

Flower-de-luce

Flow"er-de-luce" (?), n. [Corrupted fr. fleur-de-lis.] (Bot.) A genus of perennial herbs (Iris) with swordlike leaves and large three-petaled flowers often of very gay colors, but probably white in the plant first chosen for the royal French emblem. &hand; There are nearly one hundred species, natives of the north temperate zone. Some of the best known are Iris Germanica, I. Florentina, I. Persica, I. sambucina, and the American I. versicolor, I. prismatica, etc.

Flower/er

Flow"er/er (?), n. A plant which flowers or blossoms.
Many hybrids are profuse and persistent flowerers. Darwin.

Floweret

Flow"er*et (?), n.A small flower; a floret. Shak.

Flower-fence

Flow"er-fence` (?), n. (Bot.) A tropical leguminous bush (Poinciana, ∨ C\'91salpinia, pulcherrima) with prickly branches, and showy yellow or red flowers; -- so named from its having been sometimes used for hedges in the West Indies. Baird.

Flowerful

Flow"er*ful (?), a. Abounding with flowers. Craig.

Flower-gentle

Flow"er-gen`tle (?), n. (Bot.) A species of amaranth (Amarantus melancholicus).

Floweriness

Flow"er*i*ness (?), n. The state of being flowery.

Flowering

Flow"er*ing, a. (Bot.) Having conspicuous flowers; -- used as an epithet with many names of plants; as, flowering ash; flowering dogwood; flowering almond, etc. Flowering fern, a genus of showy ferns (Osmunda), with conspicuous bivalvular sporangia. They usually grow in wet places. -- Flowering plants, plants which have stamens and pistils, and produce true seeds; phenogamous plants; -- distinguished from flowerless plants. -- Flowering rush, a European rushlike plant (Butomus umbellatus), with an umbel of rosy blossoms.

Flowering

Flow"er*ing, n.

1. The act of blossoming, or the season when plants blossom; florification.

2. The act of adorning with flowers.

Flowerless

Flow"er*less, a. Having no flowers. Flowerless plants, plants which have no true flowers, and produce no seeds; cryptigamous plants.

Flowerlessness

Flow"er*less*ness, n. State of being without flowers.

Flowerpot

Flow"er*pot` (?), n. A vessel, commonly or earthenware, for earth in which plants are grown.

Flowery

Flow"er*y (?), a.

1. Full of flowers; abounding with blossoms.

2. Highly embellished with figurative language; florid; as, a flowery style. Milton. The flowery kingdom, China.

Flowery-kirtled

Flow"er*y-kir`tled (?), a. Dressed with garlands of flowers. [Poetic & Rare] Milton.

Flowing

Flow"ing, a. That flows or for flowing (in various sense of the verb); gliding along smoothly; copious. Flowing battery (Elec.), a battery which is kept constant by the flowing of the exciting liquid through the cell or cells. Knight. -- Flowing furnace, a furnace from which molten metal, can be drawn, as through a tap hole; a foundry cupola. -- Flowing sheet (Naut.), a sheet when eased off, or loosened to the wind, as when the wind is abaft the beam. Totten.

Flowing

Flow"ing (?), a. & n. from Flow, v. i. & t.

Flowingly

Flow"ing*ly, adv. In a flowing manner.

Flowingness

Flow"ing*ness, n. Flowing tendency or quality; fluency. [R.] W. Nichols.

Flowk

Flowk (? ∨ ?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See 1st Fluke.

Flown

Flown (?), p. p. of Fly; -- often used with the auxiliary verb to be; as, the birds are flown.

Flown

Flown, a. Flushed, inflated. [Supposed by some to be a mistake for blown or swoln.] Pope.
Then wander forth the sons Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine. Milton.

Floxed silk

Floxed" silk` (?). See Floss silk, under Floss.

Floyte

Floyte (?), n. & v. A variant of Flute. [Obs.]

Fluate

Flu"ate (?), n. [Cf. F. fluate. See Fluor.] (Chem.) A fluoride. [Obs.]

Fluavil

Flu"a*vil (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon extracted from gutta-percha, as a yellow, resinous substance; -- called also fluanil.

Flucan

Flu"can (?), n. (Mining) Soft clayey matter in the vein, or surrounding it. [Written also flookan, flukan, and fluccan.]

Fluctiferous

Fluc*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. fluctus wave + -ferous.] Tending to produce waves. Blount.

Fluctisonous

Fluc*tis"o*nous (?), a. [L. fluctisonus; fluctus wave + sonus sound.] Sounding like waves.

Fluctuability

Fluc`tu*a*bil"i*ty (?; 135), n. The capacity or ability to fluctuate. [R.] H. Walpole.

Fluctuant

Fluc"tu*ant (?; 135), a. [L. fluctuans, p.pr. of fluctuare. See Fluctuate.]

1. Moving like a wave; wavering; (Med.) showing undulation or fluctuation; as, a fluctuant tumor.

2. Floating on the waves. [Obs.] Bacon.

Fluctuate

Fluc"tu*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fluctuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fluctuating (?).] [L. fluctuatus, p.p. of fluctuare, to wave, fr. fluctus wave, fr. fluere, fluctum, to flow. See Fluent, and cf. Flotilla.]

1. To move as a wave; to roll hither and thither; to wave; to float backward and forward, as on waves; as, a fluctuating field of air. Blackmore.

2. To move now in one direction and now in another; to be wavering or unsteady; to be irresolute or undetermined; to vacillate. Syn. -- To waver; vacillate; hesitate; scruple. -- To Fluctuate, Vacillate, Waver. -- Fluctuate is applied both to things and persons and denotes that they move as they are acted upon. The stocks fluctuate; a man fluctuates. between conflicting influences. Vacillate and waver are applied to persons to represent them as acting themselves. A man vacillates when he goes backward and forward in his opinions and purposes, without any fixity of mind or principles. A man wavers when he shrinks back or hesitates at the approach of difficulty or danger. One who is fluctuating in his feelings is usually vacillating in resolve, and wavering in execution.

Fluctuate

Fluc"tu*ate, v. t. To cause to move as a wave; to put in motion. [R.]
And fluctuate all the still perfume. Tennyson.

Fluctuation

Fluc`tu*a"tion (?), n. [L. fluctuatio; cf. F. fluctuation.]

1. A motion like that of waves; a moving in this and that direction; as, the fluctuations of the sea.

2. A wavering; unsteadiness; as, fluctuations of opinion; fluctuations of prices.

3. (Med.) The motion or undulation of a fluid collected in a natural or artifical cavity, which is felt when it is subjected to pressure or percussion. Dunglison.

Flue

Flue (?), n. [Cf. OF. flue a flowing, fr. fluer to flow, fr. L. fluere (cf. Fluent); a perh. a corruption of E. flute.] An inclosed passage way for establishing and directing a current of air, gases, etc.; an air passage; esp.: (a) A compartment or division of a chimney for conveying flame and smoke to the outer air. (b) A passage way for conducting a current of fresh, foul, or heated air from one place to another. (c) (Steam Boiler) A pipe or passage for conveying flame and hot gases through surrounding water in a boiler; -- distinguished from a tube which holds water and is surrounded by fire. Small flues are called fire tubes or simply tubes. Flue boiler. See under Boiler. -- Flue bridge, the separating low wall between the flues and the laboratory of a reverberatory furnace. -- Flue plate (Steam Boiler), a plate to which the ends of the flues are fastened; -- called also flue sheet, tube sheet, and tube plate. -- Flue surface (Steam Boiler), the aggregate surface of flues exposed to flame or the hot gases.

Flue

Flue (?), n. [Cf. F. flou light, tender, G. flau weak, W. llwch dust. &root;84.] Light down, such as rises from cotton, fur, etc.; very fine lint or hair. Dickens.

Fluence

Flu"ence (?), n. Fluency. [Obs.] Milton.

Fluency

Flu"en*cy (?), n. [L. fluentia: cf. F. fluence. See Fluent.] The quality of being fluent; smoothness; readiness of utterance; volubility.
The art of expressing with fluency and perspicuity. Macaulay.

Fluent

Flu"ent (?), a. [L. fluens, -entis, p.pr. of fluere to flow; cf. Gr. Fluctuate, Flux.]

1. Flowing or capable of flowing; liquid; glodding; easily moving.

2. Ready in the use of words; voluble; copious; having words at command; and uttering them with facility and smoothness; as, a fluent speaker; hence, flowing; voluble; smooth; -- said of language; as, fluent speech.

With most fluent utterance. Denham.
Fluent as the flight of a swallow is the sultan's letter. De Quincey.

Fluent

Flu"ent, n.

1. A current of water; a stream. [Obs.]

2. [Cf. F. fluente.] (Math.) A variable quantity, considered as increasing or diminishing; -- called, in the modern calculus, the function or integral.

Fluently

Flu"ent*ly, adv. In a fluent manner.

Fluentness

Flu"ent*ness, n. The quality of being fluent.

Fluework

Flue"work` (?), n. (Mus.) A general name for organ stops in which the sound is caused by wind passing through a flue or fissure and striking an edge above; -- in distinction from reedwork.

Fluey

Flue"y (?), a. [2d Flue.] Downy; fluffy. [R.]

Fluff

Fluff (?), n. [Cf. 2d Flue. Nap or down; flue; soft, downy feathers.

Fluffy

Fluff"y (?), a. [Compar. Fluffier (?); superl. Fluffiest.] Pertaining to, or resembling, fluff or nap; soft and downy. "The carpets were fluffy." Thackeray.
The present Barnacle . . . had a youthful aspect, and the fluffiest little whisker, perhaps, that ever was seen. Dickens.
-- Fluff"i*ness, n.

Fl\'81gel

Fl\'81"gel (?), n. [G., a wing.] (Mus.) A grand piano or a harpsichord, both being wing-shaped.

Flugelman

Flu"gel*man (?), n. [G. fl\'81gelman.] (Mil.) Same as Fugleman.

Fluid

Flu"id (?), a. [L. fluidus, fr. fluere to flow: cf. F. fluide. See Fluent.] Having particles which easily move and change their relative position without a separation of the mass, and which easily yield to pressure; capable of flowing; liquid or gaseous.

Fluid

Flu"id, n. A fluid substance; a body whose particles move easily among themselves. &hand; Fluid is a generic term, including liquids and gases as species. Water, air, and steam are fluids. By analogy, the term is sometimes applied to electricity and magnetism, as in phrases electric fluid, magnetic fluid, though not strictly appropriate. Fluid dram, ∨ Fluid drachm, a measure of capacity equal to one eighth of a fluid ounce. -- Fluid ounce. (a) In the United States, a measure of capacity, in apothecaries' or wine measure, equal to one sixteenth of a pint or 29.57 cubic centimeters. This, for water, is about 1.04158 ounces avoirdupois, or 455.6 grains. (b) In England, a measure of capacity equal to the twentieth part of an imperial pint. For water, this is the weight of the avoirdupois ounce, or 437.5 grains. -- Fluids of the body. (Physiol.) The circulating blood and lymph, the chyle, the gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal juices, the saliva, bile, urine, aqueous humor, and muscle serum are the more important fluids of the body. The tissues themselves contain a large amount of combined water, so much, that an entire human body dried in vacuo with a very moderate degree of heat gives about 66 per cent of water. -- Burning fluid, Elastic fluid, Electric fluid, Magnetic fluid, etc. See under Burning, Elastic, etc.

Fluidal

Flu"id*al (?), a. Pertaining to a fluid, or to its flowing motion. Fluidal structure (Geol.), the structure characteristic of certain volcanic rocks in which the arrangement of the minute crystals shows the lines of flow of thew molten material before solidification; -- also called fluxion structure.

Fluinity

Flu*in"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fluidit\'82.] The quality of being fluid or capable of flowing; a liquid, a\'89riform. or gaseous state; -- opposed to solidity.
It was this want of organization, this looseness and fluidity of the new movement, that made it penetrate through every class of society. J. R. Green.

Fluidize

Flu"id*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fluidized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fluidizing.] To render fluid.

Fluidness

Flu"id*ness, n. The state of being flluid; fluidity.

Fluidounce

Flu"id*ounce`, n. See Fluid ounce, under Fluid.

Fluidrachm

Flu"i*drachm` (?), n. See Fluid dram, under Fluid. Pharm. of the U. S.

Flukan

Flu"kan (?), n. (Mining) Flucan.
Page 575

Fluke

Fluke (?), n. [Cf. LG. flunk, flunka wing, the palm of an anchor; perh. akin to E. fly.]

1. The part of an anchor which fastens in the ground; a flook. See Anchor.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the lobes of a whale's tail, so called from the resemblance to the fluke of an anchor.

3. An instrument for cleaning out a hole drilled in stone for blasting.

4. An accidental and favorable stroke at billiards (called a scratch in the United States); hence, any accidental or unexpected advantage; as, he won by a fluke. [Cant, Eng.] A. Trollope.

Flukeworm

Fluke"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as 1st Fluke, 2.

Fluky

Fluk"y (?), a. Formed like, or having, a fluke.

Flume

Flume (?), n. [Cf. OE. flum river, OF, flum, fr. L. flumen, fr. fluere to flow. \'fb84. See Fluent.] A stream; especially, a passage channel, or conduit for the water that drives a mill wheel; or an artifical channel of water for hydraulic or placer mining; also, a chute for conveying logs or lumber down a declivity.

Fluminous

Flu"mi*nous (?), a. [L. flumen, fluminis, river.] Pertaining to rivers; abounding in streama.

Flummery

Flum"mer*y (?), n. [W. llumru, or llumruwd, a kind of food made of oatmeal steeped in water until it has turned sour, fr. llumrig harsh, raw, crude, fr. llum sharp, severe.]

1. A light kind of food, formerly made of flour or meal; a sort of pap.

Milk and flummery are very fit for children. Locke.

2. Something insipid, or not worth having; empty compliment; trash; unsubstantial talk of writing.

The flummery of modern criticism. J. Morley.

Flung

Flung (?), imp. & p. p. of Fling.

Flunk

Flunk (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flunked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flunking.] [Cf. Funk.] To fail, as on a lesson; to back out, as from an undertaking, through fear.

Flunk

Flunk, v. t. To fail in; to shirk, as a task or duty. [Colloq. U.S.]

Flunk

Flunk, n. A failure or backing out; specifically (College cant), a total failure in a recitation. [U.S.]

Flunky

Flun"ky (?), n.; pl. Flunkies (#). [Prob. fr. or akin to flank.] [Written also flunkey.]

1. A contemptuous name for a liveried servant or a footman.

2. One who is obsequious or cringing; a snob.

3. One easily deceived in buying stocks; an inexperienced and unwary jobber. [Cant, U.S.]

Flunkydom

Flun"ky*dom (?), n. The place or region of flunkies. C. Kingsley.

Flunlyism

Flun"ly*ism (?), n. The quality or characteristics of a flunky; readiness to cringe to those who are superior in wealth or position; toadyism. Thackeray.

Fluo-

Flu"o- (. (Chem.) A combining form indicating fluorine as an ingredient; as in fluosilicate, fluobenzene.

Fluoborate

Flu`o*bo"rate (?), n. [Cf. F. fluoborate.] (Chem.) A salt of fluoboric acid; a fluoboride.

Fluoboric

Flu`o*bo"ric (?), a. [Fluo- boric: cf. F. fluoborique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or consisting of, fluorine and boron. Fluoridic acid (Chem.), a double fluoride, consisting essentially of a solution of boron fluoride, in hydrofluoric acid. It has strong acid properties, and is the type of the borofluorides. Called also borofluoric acid.

Fluoboride

Flu`o*bo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) See Borofluoride.

Fluocerine, Fluocerite

Flu`o*ce"rine (?), Flu`o*ce"rite (?), n. [Fluo- + cerium.] (Min.) A fluoride of cerium, occuring near Fahlun in Sweden. Tynosite, from Colorado, is probably the same mineral.

Fluohydric

Flu`o*hy"dric (?), a. [Fluo- + hydrogen.] (Chem.) See Hydrofluoric.

Fluophosphate

Flu`o*phos"phate (?), n. [Fluo- + phosphate.] (Chem.) A double salt of fluoric and phosphoric acids.

Fluor

Flu"or (?), n. [L., a flowing, fr. fluere to flow. See Fluent.]

1. A fluid state. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton.

2. Menstrual flux; catamenia; menses. [Obs.]

3. (Min.) See Fluorite.

Fluor albus

Flu"or albus (?). [L., white flow.] (Med.) The whites; leucorrh\'91a.

Fluoranthene

Flu`or*an"thene (?), n. [Fluorene + anthra (Chem.) A white crystalline hydrocarbon C

Fluorated

Flu"or*a`ted (?), a. (Chem.) Combined with fluorine; subjected to the action of fluoride. [R.]

Fluorene

Flu`or*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon, C13H10 having a beautiful violet fluorescence; whence its name. It occurs in the higher boiling products of coal tar, and is obtained artificially.

Fluorescein

Flu`o*res"ce*in (?), n. (Chem.) A yellowish red, crystalline substance, C20H12O5, produced by heating together phthalic anhydride and resorcin; -- so called, from the very brilliant yellowish green fluorescence of its alkaline solutions. It has acid properties, and its salts of the alkalies are known to the trade under the name of uranin.

Fluorescence

Flu`o*res"cence (?), n. [From Fluor.] (Opt.) That property which some transparent bodies have of producing at their surface, or within their substance, light different in color from the mass of the material, as when green crystals of fluor spar afford blue reflections. It is due not to the difference in the color of a distinct surface layer, but to the power which the substance has of modifying the light incident upon it. The light emitted by fluorescent substances is in general of lower refrangibility than the incident light. Stockes.

Fluorescent

Flu`o*res"cent (?), a. Having the property of fluorescence.

Fluorescin

Flu`o*res"cin (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless, amorphous substance which is produced by the reduction of fluoresce\'8bn, and from which the latter may be formed by oxidation.

Fluoric

Flu*or"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. fluorique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, obtained from, or containing, fluorine.

Fluoride

Flu"or*ide (? ∨ ?; 104), n. [Cf. F. fluoride.] (Chem.) A binary compound of fluorine with another element or radical. Calcium fluoride (Min.), fluorite, CaF2. See Fluorite.

Fluorine

Flu"or*ine (? ∨ ?; 104), n. [NL. fluorina: cf. G. fluorin, F. fluorine. So called from its occurrence in the mineral fluorite.] (Chem.) A non-metallic, gaseous element, strongly acid or negative, or associated with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, in the halogen group of which it is the first member. It always occurs combined, is very active chemically, and possesses such an avidity for most elements, and silicon especially, that it can neither be prepared nor kept in glass vessels. If set free it immediately attacks the containing material, so that it was not isolated until 1886. It is a pungent, corrosive, colorless gas. Symbol F. Atomic weight 19. &hand; Fluorine unites with hydrogen to form hydrofluoric acid, which is the agent employed in etching glass. It occurs naturally, principally combined as calcium fluoride in fluorite, and as a double fluoride of aluminium and sodium in cryolite.

Fluorite

Flu"or*ite (?), n. (Min.) Calcium fluoride, a mineral of many different colors, white, yellow, purple, green, red, etc., often very beautiful, crystallizing commonly in cubes with perfect octahedral cleavage; also massive. It is used as a flux. Some varieties are used for ornamental vessels. Also called fluor spar, or simply fluor.

Fluoroid

Flu"or*oid (?), n. [Fluor + -oid.] (Crystallog.) A tetrahexahedron; -- so called because it is a common form of fluorite.

Fluoroscope

Flu*or"o*scope (?), n. [Fluorescence + -scope.] (Phys.) An instrument for observing or exhibiting fluorescence.

Fluorous

Flu"or*ous (?), a. Pertaining to fluor.

Fluor spar

Flu"or spar` (?). (Min.) See Fluorite.

Fluosilicate

Flu`o*sil"i*cate (?), n. [Cf. F. fluosilicate.] (Chem.) A double fluoride of silicon and some other (usually basic) element or radical, regarded as a salt of fluosilicic acid; -- called also silicofluoride.

Fluosilicic

Flu`o*si*lic"ic (?), a. [Fluo- + silicic: cf. F. fluosilicique.] (Chem.) Composed of, or derived from, silicon and fluorine. Fluosilicic acid, a double fluoride of hydrogen and silicon, H2F6Si, obtained in solution in water as a sour fuming liquid, and regarded as the type of the fluosilicates; -- called also silicofluoric acid, and hydrofluosilicic acid.

Flurried

Flur"ried (?), a. Agitated; excited. -- Flur"ried*ly adv.

Flurry

Flur"ry (?), n.; pl. Flurries (#). [Prov. E. flur to ruffle.]

1. A sudden and brief blast or gust; a light, temporary breeze; as, a flurry of wind.

2. A light shower or snowfall accompanied with wind.

Like a flurry of snow on the whistling wind. Longfellow.

3. Violent agitation; commotion; bustle; hurry.

The racket and flurry of London. Blakw. Mag.

4. The violent spasms of a dying whale.

Flurry

Flur"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flurried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flurrying.] To put in a state of agitation; to excite or alarm. H. Swinburne.

Flurt

Flurt (?), n. A flirt. [Obs.] Quarles.

Flush

Flush (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Flushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flushing.] [Cf. OE. fluschen to fly up, penetrate, F. fluz a flowing, E. flux, dial. Sw. flossa to blaze, and E. flash; perh. influenced by blush. \'fb84.]

1. To flow and spread suddenly; to rush; as, blood flushes into the face.

The flushing noise of many waters. Boyle.
It flushes violently out of the cock. Mortimer.

2. To become suddenly suffused, as the cheeks; to turn red; to blush.

3. To snow red; to shine suddenly; to glow.

In her cheek, distemper flushing glowed. Milton.

4. To star

Flushing from one spray unto another. W. Browne.

Flush

Flush, v. t.

1. To cause to be full; to flood; to overflow; to overwhelm with water; as, to flush the meadows; to flood for the purpose of cleaning; as, to flush a sewer.

2. To cause the blood to rush into (the face); to put to the blush, or to cause to glow with excitement.

Nor flush with shame the passing virgin's cheek. Gay.
Sudden a thought came like a full-blown rose, Flushing his brow. Keats.

3. To make suddenly or temporarily red or rosy, as if suffused with blood.

How faintly flushed. how phantom fair, Was Monte Rosa, hanging there! Tennyson.

4. To excite; to animate; to stir.

Such things as can only feed his pride and flush his ambition. South.

5. To cause to start, as a hunter a bird. Nares. To flush a joints (Masonry), to fill them in; to point the level; to make them flush.

Flush

Flush, n.

1. A sudden flowing; a rush which fills or overflows, as of water for cleansing purposes.

In manner of a wave or flush. Ray.

2. A suffusion of the face with blood, as from fear, shame, modesty, or intensity of feeling of any kind; a blush; a glow.

The flush of angered shame. Tennyson.

3. Any tinge of red color like that produced on the cheeks by a sudden rush of blood; as, the flush on the side of a peach; the flush on the clouds at sunset.

4. A sudden flood or rush of feeling; a thrill of excitement. animation, etc.; as, a flush of joy.

5. A flock of birds suddenly started up or flushed.

6. [From F. or Sp. flux. Cf. Flux.] A hand of cards of the same suit.<-- other than poker? -->

Flush

Flush, a.

1. Full of vigor; fresh; glowing; bright.

With all his crimes broad blown, as flush as May. Shak.

2. Affluent; abounding; well furnished or suppled; hence, liberal; prodigal.

Lord Strut was not very flush in ready. Arbuthnot.

3. (Arch. & Mech.) Unbroken or even in surface; on a level with the adjacent surface; forming a continuous surface; as, a flush panel; a flush joint.

4. (Card Playing) Consisting of cards of one suit. Flush bolt. (a) A screw bolt whose head is countersunk, so as to be flush with a surface. (b) A sliding bolt let into the face or edge of a door, so as to be flush therewith. -- Flush deck. (Naut.) See under Deck, n., 1. -- Flush tank, a water tank which can be emptied rapidly for flushing drainpipes, etc.

Flush

Flush (?), adv. So as to be level or even.

Flushboard

Flush"board` (?), n. Same as Flashboard.

Flusher

Flush"er (?), n.

1. A workman employed in cleaning sewers by flushing them with water.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The red-backed shrike. See Flasher.

Flushing

Flush"ing, n.

1. A heavy, coarse cloth manufactured from shoddy; -- commonly in the [Eng.]

2. (Weaving) A surface formed of floating threads.

Flushingly

Flush"ing*ly, adv. In a flushing manner.

Flushness

Flush"ness, n. The state of being flush; abundance.

Fluster

Flus"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Flustered; p. pr. & vb. n. Flustering.] [Cf. Icel. flaustra to be flustered, flaustr a fluster.] To make hot and rosy, as with drinking; to heat; hence, to throw into agitation and confusion; to confuse; to muddle.
His habit or flustering himself daily with claret. Macaulay.

Fluster

Flus"ter, v. i. To be in a heat or bustle; to be agitated and confused.
The flstering, vainglorious Greeks. South.

Fluster

Flus"ter, n. Heat or glow, as from drinking; agitation mingled with confusion; disorder.

Flusteration

Flus`ter*a"tion (?), n. The act of flustering, or the state of being flustered; fluster. [Colloq.]

Flustrate

Flus"trate (?), v. t. [See Fluster, v. t.] To fluster. [Colloq.] Spectator.

Flustration

Flus*tra"tion (?), n. The act of flustrating; confusion; flurry. [Colloq.] Richardson.

Flute

Flute (?), n. [OE. floute, floite, fr. OF. fla\'81te, flahute, flahuste, F. fl; cf. LL. flauta, D. fluit. See Flute, v. i.]

1. A musical wind instrument, consisting of a hollow cylinder or pipe, with holes along its length, stopped by the fingers or by keys which are opened by the fingers. The modern flute is closed at the upper end, and blown with the mouth at a lateral hole.

The breathing flute's soft notes are heard around. Pope.

2. (Arch.) A channel of curved section; -- usually applied to one of a vertical series of such channels used to decorate columns and pilasters in classical architecture. See Illust. under Base, n.

3. A similar channel or groove made in wood or other material, esp. in plaited cloth, as in a lady's ruffle.

4. A long French breakfast roll. Simonds.

5. A stop in an organ, having a flutelike sound. Flute bit, a boring tool for piercing ebony, rosewood, and other hard woods. -- Flute pipe, an organ pipe having a sharp lip or wind-cutter which imparts vibrations to Knight.

Flute

Flute (?), n. [Cf. F. fl a transport, D. fluit.] A kindof flyboat; a storeship. Armed en fl\'96te ( (Nav.), partially armed.

Flute

Flute (?), v. i. [OE. flouten, floiten, OF. fla\'81ter, fle\'81ter, flouster, F. fl\'96ter, cf. D. fluiten; ascribed to an assumed LL. flautare, flatuare, fr. L. flatus a blowing, fr. flare to blow. Cf. Flout, Flageolet, Flatulent.] To play on, or as on, a flute; to make a flutelike sound.

Flute

Flute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fluted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fluting (?).]

1. To play, whistle, or sing with a clear, soft note, like that of a flute.

Knaves are men, That lute and flute fantastic tenderness. Tennyson.
The redwing flutes his o-ka-lee. Emerson.

2. To form flutes or channels in, as in a column, a ruffle, etc.

Fl\'96te \'85 bec

Fl\'96te` \'85 bec" (?). [F.] (Mus.) A beak flute, an older form of the flute, played with a mouthpiece resembling a beak, and held like a flageolet.

Fluted

Flut"ed (?), a.

1. Thin; fine; clear and mellow; flutelike; as, fluted notes. Busby.

2. Decorated with flutes; channeled; grooved; as, a fluted column; a fluted ruffle; a fluted spectrum.

Flutemouth

Flute"mouth` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the genus Aulostoma, having a much elongated tubular snout.

Fluter

Flut"er (?), n.

1. One who plays on the flute; a flutist or flautist.

2. One who makes grooves or flutings.

Fluting

Flut"ing, n. Decoration by means of flutes or channels; a flute, or flutes collectively; as, the fluting of a column or pilaster; the fluting of a lady's ruffle. Fluting iron, a laundry iron for fluting ruffles; -- called also Italian iron, or gaufering iron. Knight. -- Fluting lathe, a machine for forming spiral flutes, as on balusters, table legs, etc.

Flutist

Flut"ist (?), n. [Cf. F. fl\'96tiste.] A performer on the flute; a flautist. Busby.
Page 576

2. To move with quick vibrations or undulations; as, a sail flutters in the wind; a fluttering fan.

3. To move about briskly, irregularly, or with great bustle and show, without much result.

No rag, no scrap, of all the beau, or wit, That once so fluttered, and that once so writ. Pope.

4. To be in agitation; to move irregularly; to flucttuate; to be uncertainty.

Long we fluttered on the wings of doubtful success. Howell.
His thoughts are very fluttering and wandering. I. Watts.

Flutter

Flut"ter (?), v. t.

1. To vibrate or move quickly; as, a bird flutters its wings.

2. To drive in disorder; to throw into confusion.

Like an eagle in a dovecote, I Fluttered your Volscians in Corioli. Shak.

Flutter

Flut"ter, n.

1. The act of fluttering; quick and irregular motion; vibration; as, the flutter of a fan.

The chirp and flutter of some single bird Milnes. .

2. Hurry; tumult; agitation of the mind; confusion; disorder. Pope. Flutter wheel, a water wheel placed below a fall or in a chute where rapidly moving water strikes the tips of the floats; -- so called from the spattering, and the fluttering noise it makes.

Flutterer

Flut"ter*er (?), n. One who, or that which, flutters.

Flutteringly

Flut"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a fluttering manner.

Fluty

Flut"y (?), a. Soft and clear in tone, like a flute.

Fluvial

Flu"vi*al (?), a. [L. fluvialis, from fluvius river, fr. fluere to flow: cf.F. fluvial. See Fluent.] Belonging to rivers; growing or living in streams or ponds; as, a fluvial plant.

Fluvialist

Flu"vi*al*ist, n. One who exlpains geological phenomena by the action of streams. [R.]

Fluviatic

Flu`vi*at"ic (?), a. [L. fluviaticus. See Fluvial.] Belonging to rivers or streams; fluviatile. Johnson.

Fluviatile

Flu"vi*a*tile (?), a. [L. fluviatilis, fr. fluvius river: cf. F. fluviatile.] Belonging to rivers or streams; existing in or about rivers; produced by river action; fluvial; as, fluviatile starta, plants. Lyell.

Fluvio-marine

Flu`vi*o-ma*rine" (?), a. [L. fluvius river + E. marine.] (Geol.) Formed by the joint action of a river and the sea, as deposits at the mouths of rivers.

Flux

Flux (?), n. [L. fluxus, fr. fluere, fluxum,to flow: cf.F. flux. See Fluent, and cf. 1st & 2d Floss, Flush, n., 6.]

1. The act of flowing; a continuous moving on or passing by, as of a flowing stream; constant succession; change.

By the perpetual flux of the liquids, a great part of them is thrown out of the body. Arbuthnot.
Her image has escaped the flux of things, And that same infant beauty that she wore Is fixed upon her now forevermore. Trench.
Languages, like our bodies, are in a continual flux. Felton.

3. The state of beinng liquid through heat; fusion.

4. (Chem.& Metal.) Any substance or mixture used to promote the fusion of metals or minerals, as alkalies, borax, lime, fluorite. &hand; White flux is the residuum of the combustion of a mixture of equal parts of niter and tartar. It consists chiefly of the carbonate of potassium, and is white.- Black flux is the ressiduum of the combustion of one part of niter and two of tartar, and consists essentially of a mixture of potassium carbonate and charcoal.

5. (Med.) (a) A fluid discharge from the bowels or other part; especially, an excessive and morbid discharge; as, the bloody flux or dysentery. See Bloody flux. (b) The matter thus discharged.

6. (Physics) The quantity of a fluid that crosses a unit area of a given surface in a unit of time.

Flux

Flux, a. [L. fluxus, p. p. of fluere. See Flux, n.] Flowing; unstable; inconstant; variable.
The flux nature of all things here. Barrow.

Flux

Flux, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fluxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fluxing.]

1. To affect, or bring to a certain state, by flux.

He might fashionably and genteelly . . . have been dueled or fluxed into another world. South.

2. To cause to become fluid; to fuse. Kirwan.

3. (Med.) To cause a discharge from; to purge.

Fluxation

Flux*a"tion (?), n. The act of fluxing.

Fluxibility

Flux`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. LL. fluxibilitas fluidity.] The quality of being fluxible. Hammond.

Fluxible

Flux"i*ble (?), a. [Cf.LL. fluxibilis fluid, OF. fluxible.] Capable of being melted or fused, as a mineral. Holland. -- Flux"i*ble*ness, n.

Fluxile

Flux"ile (?), a. [L. fluxilis, a., fluid.] Fluxible. [R.]

Fluxility

Flux*il"i*ty (?), n. State of being fluxible.[Obs.]

Fluxion

Flux"ion (?), n. [Cf. F. fluxion.] The act of flowing. Cotgrave.

2. The matter that flows. Wiseman.

3. Fusion; the running of metals into a fluid state.

4. (Med.) An unnatural or excessive flow of blood or fluid toward any organ; a determination.

5. A constantly varying indication.

Less to be counted than the fluxions of sun dials. De Quincey.

6. (Math.) (a) The infinitely small increase or decrease of a variable or flowing quantity in a certain infinitely small and constant period of time; the rate of variation of a fluent; an incerement; a differential. (b) pl. A method of analysis developed by Newton, and based on the conception of all magnitudes as generated by motion, and involving in their changes the notion of velocity or rate of change. Its results are the same as those of the differential and integral calculus, from which it differs little except in notation and logical method.

Fluxional

Flux"ion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, fluxion or fluxions; variable; inconstant.
The merely human,the temporary and fluxional. Coleridge.
Fluxional structure (Geol.), fluidal structure.

Fluxionary

Flux"ion*a*ry (?), a.

1. Fluxional. Berkeley.

2. (Med.) Pertaining to, or caused by, an increased flow of blood to a part; congestive; as, a fluxionary hemorrhage.

Fluxionist

Flux"ion*ist, n. One skilled in fluxions. Berkeley.

Fluxions

Flux"ions (?), n. pl. (Math.) See Fluxion, 6(b).

Fluxive

Flux"ive (?), a. Flowing; also, wanting solidity. B. Jonson.

Fluxure

Flux"ure (?; 138), n. [L. fluxura a flowing.]

1. The quality of being fluid. [Obs.] Fielding.

2. Fluid matter. [Obs.] Drayton.

Fly

Fly (?), v. i. [imp. Flew (?); p. p. Flown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Flying.] [OE. fleen, fleen, fleyen, flegen, AS. fle\'a2gan; akin to D. vliegen, ONG. fliogan, G. fliegen, Icel. flj, Sw. flyga, Dan. flyve, Goth. us-flaugjan to cause to fly away, blow about, and perh. to L. pluma feather, E. plume. Fledge, Flight, Flock of animals.]

1. To move in or pass thorugh the air with wings, as a bird.

2. To move through the air or before the wind; esp., to pass or be driven rapidly through the air by any impulse.

3. To float, wave, or rise in the air, as sparks or a flag.

Man is born unto trouble, as the sparks fly upward. Job v. 7.

4. To move or pass swiftly; to hasten away; to circulate rapidly; as, a ship flies on the deep; a top flies around; rumor flies.

Fly, envious Time, till thou run out thy race. Milton.
The dark waves murmured as the ships flew on. Bryant.

5. To run from danger; to attempt to escape; to flee; as, an enemy or a coward flies. See Note under Flee.

Fly, ere evil intercept thy flight. Milton.
Whither shall I fly to escape their hands ? Shak.

6. To move suddenly, or with violence; to do an act suddenly or swiftly; -- usually with a qualifying word; as, a door flies open; a bomb flies apart. To fly about (Naut.), to change frequently in a short time; -- said of the wind. -- To fly around, to move about in haste. [Colloq.] -- To fly at, to spring toward; to rush on; to attack suddenly. -- To fly in the face of, to insult; to assail; to set at defiance; to oppose with violence; to act in direct opposition to; to resist. -- To fly off, to separate, or become detached suddenly; to revolt. -- To fly on, to attack. -- To fly open, to open suddenly, or with violence. -- To fly out. (a) To rush out. (b) To burst into a passion; to break out into license. -- To let fly. (a) To throw or drive with violence; to discharge. "A man lets fly his arrow without taking any aim." Addison. (b) (Naut.) To let go suddenly and entirely; as, to let fly the sheets.

Fly

Fly, v. t.

1. To cause to fly or to float in the air, as a bird, a kite, a flag, etc.

The brave black flag I fly. W. S. Gilbert.

2. To fly or flee from; to shun; to avoid.

Sleep flies the wretch. Dryden.
To fly the favors of so good a king. Shak.

3. To hunt with a hawk. [Obs.] Bacon. To fly a kite (Com.), to raise money on commercial notes. [Cant or Slang]

Fly

Fly, n.; pl. Flies (#). [OE. flie, flege, AS. fl?ge, fle\'a2ge, fr. fle\'a2gan to fly; akin to D. vlieg, OHG. flioga, G. fliege, Icel. & Sw. fluga, Dan. flue. Fly, v. i.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any winged insect; esp., one with transparent wings; as, the Spanish fly; firefly; gall fly; dragon fly. (b) Any dipterous insect; as, the house fly; flesh fly; black fly. See Diptera, and Illust. in Append.

2. A hook dressed in imitation of a fly, -- used for fishing. "The fur-wrought fly." Gay. <-- fly fishing, fly fisherman. -->

3. A familiar spirit; a witch's attendant. [Obs.]

A trifling fly, none of your great familiars. B. Jonson.

4. A parasite. [Obs.] Massinger.

5. A kind of light carriage for rapid transit, plying for hire and usually drawn by one horse. [Eng.]

6. The length of an extended flag from its staff; sometimes, the length from the "union" to the extreme end.

7. The part of a vane pointing the direction from which the wind blows.

8. (Naut.) That part of a compass on which the points are marked; the compass card. Totten.

9. (Mech.) (a) Two or more vanes set on a revolving axis, to act as a fanner, or to equalize or impede the motion of machinery by the resistance of the air, as in the striking part of a clock. (b) A heavy wheel, or cross arms with weights at the ends on a revolving axis, to regulate or equalize the motion of machinery by means of its inertia, where the power communicated, or the resistance to be overcome, is variable, as in the steam engine or the coining press. See Fly wheel (below).

10. (Knitting Machine) The piece hinged to the needle, which holds the engaged loop in position while the needle is penetrating another loop; a latch. Knight.

11. The pair of arms revolving around the bobbin, in a spinning wheel or spinning frame, to twist the yarn.

12. (Weaving) A shuttle driven through the shed by a blow or jerk. Knight.

13. (a) Formerly, the person who took the printed sheets from the press. (b) A vibrating frame with fingers, attached to a power to a power printing press for doing the same work.

14. The outer canvas of a tent with double top, usually drawn over the ridgepole, but so extended as to touch the roof of the tent at no other place.

15. One of the upper screens of a stage in a theater.

16. The fore flap of a bootee; also, a lap on trousers, overcoats, etc., to conceal a row of buttons.

17. (Baseball) A batted ball that flies to a considerable distance, usually high in the air; also, the flight of a ball so struck; as, it was caught on the fly. Black fly, Cheese fly, Dragon fly, etc. See under Black, Cheese, etc. -- Fly agaric (Bot.), a mushroom (Agaricus muscarius), having a narcotic juice which, in sufficient quantities, is poisonous. -- Fly block (Naut.), a pulley whose position shifts to suit the working of the tackle with which it is connected; -- used in the hoisting tackle of yards. -- Fly board (Printing Press), the board on which printed sheets are deposited by the fly. -- Fly book, a case in the form of a book for anglers' flies. Kingsley. -- Fly cap, a cap with wings, formerly worn by women. -- Fly drill, a drill having a reciprocating motion controlled by a fly wheel, the driving power being applied by the hand through a cord winding in reverse directions upon the spindle as it rotates backward and forward. Knight. -- Fly fishing, the act or art of angling with a bait of natural or artificial flies. Walton. -- Fly flap, an implement for killing flies. -- Fly governor, a governor for regulating the speed of an engine, etc., by the resistance of vanes revolving in the air. -- Fly honeysuckle (Bot.), a plant of the honeysuckle genus (Lonicera), having a bushy stem and the flowers in pairs, as L. ciliata and L. Xylosteum. -- Fly hook, a fishhook supplied with an artificial fly. -- Fly leaf, an unprinted leaf at the beginning or end of a book, circular, programme, etc. -- Fly maggot, a maggot bred from the egg of a fly. Ray. -- Fly net, a screen to exclude insects. -- Fly nut (Mach.), a nut with wings; a thumb nut; a finger nut. -- Fly orchis (Bot.), a plant (Ophrys muscifera), whose flowers resemble flies. -- Fly paper, poisoned or sticky paper for killing flies that feed upon or are entangled by it. -- Fly powder, an arsenical powder used to poison flies. -- Fly press, a screw press for punching, embossing, etc., operated by hand and having a heavy fly. -- Fly rail, a bracket which turns out to support the hinged leaf of a table. -- Fly rod, a light fishing rod used in angling with a fly. -- Fly sheet, a small loose advertising sheet; a handbill. -- Fly snapper (Zo\'94l.), an American bird (Phainopepla nitens), allied to the chatterers and shrikes. The male is glossy blue-black; the female brownish gray. -- Fly wheel (Mach.), a heavy wheel attached to machinery to equalize the movement (opposing any sudden acceleration by its inertia and any retardation by its momentum), and to accumulate or give out energy for a variable or intermitting resistance. See Fly, n., 9. -- On the fly (Baseball), still in the air; -- said of a batted ball caught before touching the ground.<-- (b) at the moment needed, without prior preparation. -- said of objects created as needed in the course of some activity, rather than having been prepared before the activity began. A term Much used in computer programming. (c) busy; in motion.-->.

Fly

Fly (?), a. Knowing; wide awake; fully understanding another's meaning. [Slang] Dickens.

Flybane

Fly"bane` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of catchfly of the genus Silene; also, a poisonous mushroom (Agaricus muscarius); fly agaric.

Fly-bitten

Fly"-bit`ten (?), a. Marked by, or as if by, the bite of flies. Shak.

Flyblow

Fly"blow` (?), v. t. To deposit eggs upon, as a flesh fly does on meat; to cause to be maggoty; hence, to taint or contaminate, as if with flyblows. Bp. Srillingfleet.

Flyblow

Fly"blow`, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the eggs or young larv\'91 deposited by a flesh fly, or blowfly.

Flyblown

Fly"blown` (?), a. Tainted or contaminated with flyblows; damaged; foul.
Wherever flyblown reputations were assembled. Thackeray.

Flyboat

Fly"boat` (?), n. [Fly + boat: cf. D. vlieboot.]

1. (Naut.) A large Dutch coasting vessel.

Captain George Weymouth made a voyage of discovery to the northwest with two flyboats. Purchas.

2. A kind of passenger boat formerly used on canals.

Fly-case

Fly"-case` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The covering of an insect, esp. the elytra of beetles.

Flycatcher

Fly"catch`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species of birds that feed upon insects, which they take on the wing. &hand; The true flycatchers of the Old World are Oscines, and belong to the family Muscicapid\'91, as the spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa grisola). The American flycatchers, or tyrant flycatchers, are Clamatores, and belong to the family Tyrannid\'91, as the kingbird, pewee, crested flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus), and the vermilion flycatcher or churinche (Pyrocephalus rubineus). Certain American flycatching warblers of the family Sylvicolid\'91 are also called flycatchers, as the Canadian flycatcher (Sylvania Canadensis), and the hooded flycatcher (S. mitrata). See Tyrant flycatcher.

Fly-catching

Fly"-catch`ing, a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the habit of catching insects on the wing.

Flyer

Fly"er (?), n. [See Flier.]

1. One that uses wings.

2. The fly of a flag: See Fly, n., 6.

3. Anything that is scattered abroad in great numbers as a theatrical programme, an advertising leaf, etc.

4. (Arch.) One in a flight of steps which are parallel to each other(as in ordinary stairs), as distinguished from a winder.

5. The pair of arms attached to the spindle of a spinning frame, over which the thread passes to the bobbin; -- so called from their swift revolution. See Fly, n., 11.

6. The fan wheel that rotates the cap of a windmill as the wind veers. Internat. Cyc.

7. (Stock Jobbing) A small operation not involving ? considerable part of one's capital, or not in the line of one's ordinary business; a venture. [Cant] Bartlett.

Flyfish

Fly"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A California scorp\'91noid fish (Sebastichthys rhodochloris), having brilliant colors.

Fly-fish

Fly"-fish, v. i. To angle, using flies for bait. Walton.

Flying

Fly"ing (?), a. [From Fly, v. i.] Moving in the air with, or as with, wings; moving lightly or rapidly; intended for rapid movement.
Page 577

Flying army (Mil.) a body of cavalry and infantry, kept in motion, to cover its own garrisons and to keep the enemy in continual alarm. Farrow. --Flying artillery (Mil.), artillery trained to rapid evolutions, -- the men being either mounted or trained to spring upon the guns and caissons when they change position. -- Flying bridge, Flying camp. See under Bridge, and Camp. -- Flying buttress (Arch.), a contrivance for taking up the thrust of a roof or vault which can not be supported by ordinary buttresses. It consists of a straight bar of masonry, usually sloping, carried on an arch, and a solid pier or buttress sufficient to receive the thrust. The word is generally applied only to the straight bar with supporting arch. -- Flying colors, flags unfurled and waving in the air; hence: To come off with flying colors, to be victorious; to succeed thoroughly in an undertaking. -- Flying doe (Zo\'94l.), a young female kangaroo. -- Flying dragon. (a) (Zo\'94l.) See Dragon, 6. (b) A meteor. See under Dragon. -- Flying Dutchman. (a) A fabled Dutch mariner condemned for his crimes to sail the seas till the day of judgment. (b) A spectral ship. -- Flying fish. (Zo\'94l.) See Flying fish, in the Vocabulary. -- Flying fox (Zo\'94l.), the colugo. -- Flying frog (Zo\'94l.), an East Indian tree frog of the genus Rhacophorus, having very large and broadly webbed feet, which serve as parachutes, and enable it to make very long leaps. -- Flying gurnard (Zo\'94l.), a species of gurnard of the genus Cephalacanthus or Dactylopterus, with very large pectoral fins, said to be able to fly like the flying fish, but not for so great a distance. Three species are known; that of the Atlantic is Cephalacanthus volitans. -- Flying jib (Naut.), a sail extended outside of the standing jib, on the flying-jib boom. -- Flying-jib boom (Naut.), an extension of the jib boom. -- Flying kites (Naut.), light sails carried only in fine weather. -- Flying lemur. (Zo\'94l.) See Colugo. -- Flying level (Civil Engin.), a reconnoissance level over the course of a projected road, canal, etc. -- Flying lizard. (Zo\'94l.) See Dragon, n, 6. -- Flying machine, an apparatus for navigating the air; a form of balloon. -- Flying mouse (Zo\'94l.), the opossum mouse (Acrobates pygm\'91us), of Australia. It has lateral folds of skin, like the flying squirrels. -- Flying party (Mil.), a body of soldiers detailed to hover about an enemy. -- Flying phalanger (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of small marsuupials of the genera Petaurus and Belideus, of Australia and New Guinea, having lateral folds like those of the flying squirrels. The sugar squirrel (B. sciureus), and the ariel (B. ariel), are the best known; -- called also squirrel petaurus and flying squirrel. See Sugar squirrel. -- Flying pinion, the fly of a clock. -- Flying sap (Mil.), the rapid construction of trenches (when the enemy's fire of case shot precludes the method of simple trenching), by means of gabions placed in juxtaposition and filled with earth. -- Flying shot, a shot fired at a moving object, as a bird on the wing. -- Flying spider. (Zo\'94l.) See Ballooning spider. -- Flying squid (Zo\'94l.), an oceanic squid (Ommastrephes, ∨ Sthenoteuthis, Bartramii), abundant in the Gulf Stream, which is able to leap out of the water with such force that it often falls on the deck of a vessel. -- Flying squirrel (Zo\'94l.) See Flying squirrel, in the Vocabulary. -- Flying start, a start in a sailing race in which the signal is given while the vessels are under way. -- Flying torch (Mil.), a torch attached to a long staff and used for signaling at night.

Flying fish

Fly"ing fish` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A fish which is able to leap from the water, and fly a considerable distance by means of its large and long pectoral fins. These fishes belong to several species of the genus Exoc\'d2tus, and are found in the warmer parts of all the oceans.

Flying squirrel

Fly"ing squir"rel (? or ?). (Zo\'94l.) One of a group of squirrels, of the genera Pteromus and Sciuropterus, having parachute-like folds of skin extending from the fore to the hind legs, which enable them to make very long leaps. &hand; The species of Pteromys are large, with bushy tails, and inhabit southern Asia and the East Indies; those of Sciuropterus are smaller, with flat tails, and inhabit the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and America. The American species (Sciuropterus volucella) is also called Assapan. The Australian flying squrrels, or flying phalangers, are marsupials. See Flying phalanger (above).

Flyman

Fly"man (?), n.; pl. Flymen (-m?n). The driver of a fly, or light public carriage.

Flysch

Flysch (fl?sh), n. [A Swiss word, fr. G. fliessen to flow, melt.] (Geol.) A name given to the series of sandstones and schists overlying the true nummulitic formation in the Alps, and included in the Eocene Tertiary.

Flyspeck

Fly"speck (fl?'sp?k), n. A speck or stain made by the excrement of a fly; hence, any insignificant dot.

Flyspeck

Fly"speck (?), v. t. To soil with flyspecks.

Flytrap

Fly"trap (?), n.

1 . A trap for catching flies.

2. (Bot.) A plant (Dion\'91a muscipula), called also Venus's flytrap, the leaves of which are fringed with stiff bristles, and fold together when certain hairs on their upper surface are touched, thus seizing insects that light on them. The insects so caught are afterwards digested by a secretion from the upper surface of the leaves.

Fnese

Fnese (?), v. i. [AS. fn?san, gefn?san.] To breathe heavily; to snort. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fo

Fo (?), n. The Chinese name of Buddha.

Foal

Foal (?), n. [OE. fole, AS. fola; akin to OHG. folo, G. fohlen, Goth. fula, Icel. foli, Sw Lf?le, Gr.?????, L. pullus a young animal. Cf. Filly, Poultry, Pullet.] (Zo\'94.) The young of any animal of the Horse family (Equid\'91); a colt; a filly. Foal teeth (Zo\'94l.), the first set of teeth of a horse. -- In foal, With foal, being with young; pregnant; -- said of a mare or she ass.

Foal

Foal (?), v.t. [imp.& p.p. Foaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Foaling.] To bring forth (a colt); -- said of a mare or a she ass.

Foal

Foal (?), v.i. To bring forth young, as an animal of the horse kind.

Foalfoot

Foal"foot` (?), n. (Bot.) See Coltsfoot.

Foam

Foam (?), n. [OE. fam, fom, AS. f?m; akin to OHG. & G. feim.] The white substance, consisting of an aggregation of bubbles, which is formed on the surface of liquids,or in the mouth of an animal, by violent agitation or fermentation; froth; spume; scum; as, the foam of the sea. Foam cock, in steam boilers, a cock at the water level, to blow off impurities.

Foam

Foam (?), v.i. [imp.& p.p. Foamed (#); p. pr. & vb. n.pos> Foaming.] [AS. f?man. See Foam, n.]

1. To gather foam; to froth; as, the billows foam.

He foameth, and gnasheth with his teeth. Mark ix. 18.

2. To form foam, or become filled with foam; -- said of a steam boiler when the water is unduly agitated and frothy, as because of chemical action.

Foam

Foam (?), v.t. To cause to foam; as,to foam the goblet; also (with out), to throw out with rage or violence, as foam. "Foaming out their own shame." Jude 13.

Foamingly

Foam"ing*ly (?), adv. With foam; frothily.

Foamless

Foam"less (?), a. Having no foam.

Foamy

Foam"y (?), a. Covered with foam; frothy; spumy.
Behold how high the foamy billows ride! Dryden.

Fob

Fob (?), n. [Cf.Prov. G. fuppe pocket.] A little pocket for a watch. Fob chain, a short watch chain worn a watch carried in the fob.

Fob

Fob (?), v.t. [imp. & p. p. Fobbed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Fobbing.] [Cf.Fop.]

1. To beat; to maul. [Obs.]

2. To cheat; to trick; to impose on. Shak. To fob off, to shift off by an artifice; to put aside; to delude with a trick."A conspiracy of bishops could prostrate and fob off the right of the people." Milton.

Focal

Fo"cal (?), a. [Cf.F. focal. See Focus.] Belonging to,or concerning, a focus; as, a focal point. Focal distance, or length,of a lens or mirror (Opt.), the distance of the focus from the surface of the lens or mirror, or more exactly, in the case of a lens, from its optical center. --Focal distance of a telescope, the distance of the image of an object from the object glass.

Focalization

Fo`cal*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of focalizing or bringing to a focus, or the state of being focalized.

Focalize

Fo"cal*ize (?), v. t. [imp.& p. p. Focalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Focalizing (?).] To bring to a focus; to focus; to concentrate.
Light is focalized in the eye, sound in the ear. De Quincey.

Focillate

Foc"il*late (?), v. t. [L. focilatus,p.p. of focillare.] To nourish. [Obs.] Blount.

Focillation

Foc`il*la"tion (?), n. Comfort; support. [Obs.]

Focimeter

Fo*cim"e*ter (?), n. [Focus + -meter.] (Photog.) An assisting instrument for focusing an object in or before a camera. Knight.

Focus

Fo"cus (?), n.; pl. E. Focuses (#), L. Foci (#). [L. focus hearth, fireplace; perh. akin to E. bake. Cf. Curfew, Fuel, Fusil the firearm.]

1. (Opt.) A point in which the rays of light meet, after being reflected or refrcted, and at which the image is formed; as, the focus of a lens or mirror.

2. (Geom.) A point so related to a conic section and certain straight line called the directrix that the ratio of the distace between any point of the curve and the focus to the distance of the same point from the directrix is constant. &hand; Thus, in the ellipse FGHKLM, A is the focus and CD the directrix, when the ratios FA:FE, GA:GD, MA:MC, etc., are all equal. So in the hyperbola, A is the focus and CD the directrix when the ratio HA:HK is constant for all points of the curve; and in the parabola, A is the focus and CD the directrix when the ratio BA:BC is constant. In the ellipse this ratio is less than unity, in the parabola equal to unity, and in the hyperbola greater than unity. The ellipse and hyperbola have each two foci, and two corresponding directrixes, and the parabola has one focus and one directrix. In the ellipse the sum of the two lines from any point of the curve to the two foci is constant; that is: AG+GB=AH+HB; and in the hyperbola the difference of the corresponding lines is constant. The diameter which passes through the foci of the ellipse is the major axis. The diameter which being produced passes through the foci of the hyperbola is the transverse axis. The middle point of the major or the transverse axis is the center of the curve. Certain other curves, as the lemniscate and the Cartesian ovals, have points called foci, possessing properties similar to those of the foci of conic sections. In an ellipse, rays of light coming from one focus, and reflected from the curve, proceed in lines directed toward the other; in an hyperbola, in lines directed from the other; in a parabola, rays from the focus, after reflection at the curve, proceed in lines parallel to the axis. Thus rays from A in the ellipse are reflected to B; rays from A in the hyperbola are reflected toward L and M away from B.

3. A central point; a point of concentration. Aplanatic focus. (Opt.) See under Aplanatic. -- Conjugate focus (Opt.), the focus for rays which have a sensible divergence, as from a near object; -- so called because the positions of the object and its image are interchangeable. -- Focus tube (Phys.), a vacuum tube for R\'d2ntgen rays in which the cathode rays are focused upon the anticathode, for intensifying the effect. -- Principal, ∨ Solar, focus (Opt.), the focus for parallel rays.

Focus

Fo"cus (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Focused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Focusing.] To bring to a focus; to focalize; as, to focus a camera. R. Hunt.

Fodder

Fod"der (?), n. [See 1st Fother.] A weight by which lead and some other metals were formerly sold, in England, varying from 19 [Obs.]

Fodder

Fod"der (?), n. [AS. f?dder, f?ddor, fodder (also sheath case), fr. f?da food; akin to D. voeder, OHG. fuotar, G. futter, Icel. f??r, Sw. & Dan. foder. &root;75. See Food Land cf. Forage, Fur.] That which is fed out to cattle horses, and sheep, as hay, cornstalks, vegetables, etc.

Fodder

Fod"der (?), v.t. [imp.& p.p. Foddered (-d?rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Foddering.] To feed, as cattle, with dry food or cut grass, etc.;to furnish with hay, straw, oats, etc.

Fodderer

Fod"der*er (?), n. One who fodders cattle.

Fodient

Fo"di*ent (?), a. [L. fodiens, p. pr. of fodere to dig.] Fitted for, or pertaining to, digging.

Fodient

Fo"di*ent (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Fodientia.

Fodientia

Fo`di*en"ti*a (?), n.pl. [NL., fr. L. fodiens p. pr., digging.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of African edentates including the aard-vark.

Foe

Foe (?), n. [OE. fo, fa, AS. f?h hostile; prob. akin to E. fiend. &root;81.] See Fiend, and cf. Feud a quarrel.

1. One who entertains personal enmity, hatred, grudge, or malice, against another; an enemy.

A man's foes shall be they of his own household. Matt. x. 36

2. An enemy in war; a hostile army.

3. One who opposes on principle; an opponent; an adversary; an ill-wisher; as, a foe to religion.

A foe to received doctrines. I. Watts

Foe

Foe (?), v. t. To treat as an enemy. [Obs.] Spenser.

Foehood

Foe"hood (?), n. Enmity. Br. Bedell.

Foeman

Foe"man (?), n.; pl. Foemen (-men). [AS. f?hman.] An enemy in war.
And the stern joy which warriors feel In foemen worthy of their steel. Sir W. Scott

F\'d2tal

F\'d2"tal (?), a. Same as Fetal.

F\'d2tation

F\'d2*ta"tion (?), n. Same as Fetation.

F\'d2ticide

F\'d2"ti*cide (?), n. Same as Feticide.

F\'d2tor

F\'d2"tor (?), n. Same as Fetor.

F\'d2tus

F\'d2"tus (?), n. Same as Fetus.

Fog

Fog (?), n. [Cf. Scot. fog, fouge, moss, foggag? rank grass, LL. fogagium, W. ffug dry grass.] (Agric.) (a) A second growth of grass; aftergrass. (b) Dead or decaying grass remaining on land through the winter; -- called also foggage. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell. Sometimes called, in New England, old tore. In Scotland, fog is a general name for moss.

Fog

Fog (?), v. t. (Agric.) To pasture cattle on the fog, or aftergrass, of; to eat off the fog from.

Fog

Fog (?), v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To practice in a small or mean way; to pettifog. [Obs.]
Where wouldst thou fog to get a fee? Dryden.

Fog

Fog (?), n. [Dan. sneefog snow falling thick, drift of snow, driving snow, cf. Icel. fok spray, snowdrift, fj?? snowstorm, fj?ka to drift.]

1. Watery vapor condensed in the lower part of the atmosphere and disturbing its transparency. It differs from cloud only in being near the ground, and from mist in not approaching so nearly to fine rain. See Cloud.

2. A state of mental confusion. Fog alarm, Fog bell, Fog horn, etc., a bell, horn, whistle or other contrivance that sounds an alarm, often automatically, near places of danger where visible signals would be hidden in thick weather. -- Fog bank, a mass of fog resting upon the sea, and resembling distant land. -- Fog ring, a bank of fog arranged in a circular form, -- often seen on the coast of Newfoundland.

Fog

Fog (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fogged (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Fogging (#).] To envelop, as with fog; to befog; to overcast; to darken; to obscure.

Fog

Fog (?), v. i. (Photog.) To show indistinctly or become indistinct, as the picture on a negative sometimes does in the process of development.

Foge

Foge (?), n. The Cornish name for a forge used for smelting tin. Raymond

Fo'gey

Fo'gey (?), n. See Fogy.

Fog'gage

Fog'gage (?; 48), n. (Agric.) See 1st Fog.

Fog'ger

Fog'ger (?), n. One who fogs; a pettifogger. [Obs.]
A beggarly fogger. Terence in English(1614)

Foggily

Fog"gi*ly (?), adv. In a foggy manner; obscurely. Johnson.

Fogginess

Fog"gi*ness (?), n. The state of being foggy. Johnson.

Foggy

Fog"gy (?), a. [Compar. Foggier (?); superl. Foggiest.] [From 4th Fog.]

1. Filled or abounding with fog, or watery exhalations; misty; as, a foggy atmosphere; a foggy morning. Shak.


Page 578

2. Beclouded; dull; obscure; as, foggy ideas.

Your coarse, foggy, drowsy conceit. Hayward.

Fogie

Fo"gie (?), n. See Fogy.

Fogless

Fog"less (?), a. Without fog; clear. Kane.

Fogy

Fo"gy (?), n.; pl. Fogies (. A dull old fellow; a person behind the times, over-conservative, or slow; -- usually preceded by old. [Written also fogie and fogey.] [Colloq.]
Notorious old bore; regular old fogy. Thackeray.
&hand; The word is said to be connected with the German vogt, a guard or protector. By others it is regareded as a diminutive of folk (cf. D. volkje). It is defined by Jamieson, in his Scottish Dictionary, as "an invalid or garrison soldier," and is applied to the old soldiers of the Royal Hospital at Dublin, which is called the Fogies' Hospital. In the fixed habits of such persons we see the origin of the present use of the term. Sir F. Head.

Fogyism

Fo"gy*ism (?), n. The principles and conduct of a fogy. [Colloq.]

Foh

Foh (?), interj. [Cf. Faugh.] An exclamation of abhorrence or contempt; poh; fle. Shak.

Fohist

Fo"hist (?), n. A Buddhist priest. See Fo.

Foible

Foi"ble (?), a. [OF. foible. See Feeble.] Weak; feeble. [Obs.] Lord Herbert.

Foible

Foi"ble (?), n.

1. A moral weakness; a failing; a weak point; a frailty.

A disposition radically noble and generous, clouded and overshadowed by superficial foibles. De Quincey.

2. The half of a sword blade or foil blade nearest the point; -- opposed to forte. [Written also faible.] Syn. -- Fault; imperfection; failing; weakness; infirmity; frailty; defect. See Fault.

Foil

Foil (foil), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foiled (foild); p. pr. & vb. n. Foiling.] [F. fouler to tread or trample under one's feet, to press, oppress. See Full, v. t.]

1. To tread under foot; to trample.

King Richard . . . caused the ensigns of Leopold to be pulled down and foiled under foot. Knoless.
Whom he did all to pieces breake and foyle, In filthy durt, and left so in the loathely soyle. Spenser.

2. To render (an effort or attempt) vain or nugatory; to baffle; to outwit; to balk; to frustrate; to defeat.

And by foiled. Dryden.
Her long locks that foil the painter's power. Byron.

3. To blunt; to dull; to spoil; as, to foil the scent in chase. Addison.

Foil

Foil, v. t. [See 6th File.] To defile; to soil. [Obs.]

Foil

Foil, n.

1. Failure of success when on the point of attainment; defeat; frustration; miscarriage. Milton.

Nor e'er was fate so near a foil. Dryden.

2. A blunt weapon used in fencing, resembling a smallsword in the main, but usually lighter and having a button at the point.

Blunt as the fencer's foils, which hit, but hurt not. Shak.
?socrates contended with a foil against Demosthenes with a word. Mitford.

3. The track or trail of an animal. To run a foil,to lead astray; to puzzle; -- alluding to the habits of some animals of running back over the same track to mislead their pursuers. Brewer.

Foil

Foil, n. [OE. foil leaf, OF. foil, fuil, fueil, foille, fueille, F. feuille, fr. L. folium, pl. folia; akin to Gr.blade. Cf. Foliage, Folio.]

1. A leaf or very thin sheet of metal; as, brass foil; tin foil; gold foil.

2. (Jewelry) A thin leaf of sheet copper silvered and burnished, and afterwards coated with transparent colors mixed with isinglass; -- employed by jewelers to give color or brilliancy to pastes and inferior stones. Ure.

3. Anything that serves by contrast of color or quality to adorn or set off another thing to advantage.

As she a black silk cap on him began To set, for foil of his milk-white to serve. Sir P. Sidney.
Hector has a foil to set him off. Broome.

4. A thin coat of tin, with quicksilver, laid on the back of a looking-glass, to cause reflection.

5. (Arch.) The space between the cusps in Gothic architecture; a rounded or leaflike ornament, in windows, niches, etc. A group of foils is called trefoil, quatrefoil, quinquefoil, etc., according to the number of arcs of which it is composed. Foil stone, an imitation of a jewel or precious stone.

Foilable

Foil"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being foiled.

Foiler

Foil"er (?), n. One who foils or frustrates. Johnson.

Foiling

Foil"ing, n. (Arch.) A foil. Simmonds.

Foiling

Foil"ing, n. [Cf. F. foul\'82es. See 1st Foil.] (Hunting) The track of game (as deer) in the grass.

Foin

Foin (foin), n. [F. fouine a marten.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) The beech marten (Mustela foina). See Marten.

2. A kind of fur, black at the top on a whitish ground, taken from the ferret or weasel of the same name.[Obs.]

He came to the stake in a fair black gown furred and faced with foins. Fuller.

Foin

Foin, v. i. [OE. foinen, foignen; of uncertain origin; cf. dial. F. fouiner to push for eels with a spear, fr. F. fouine an eelspear, perh. fr. L. fodere to dig, thrust.] To thrust with a sword or spear; to lunge. [Obs.]
He stroke, he soused, he foynd, he hewed, he lashed. Spenser.
They lash, they foin, they pass, they strive to bore Their corselets, and the thinnest parts explore. Dryden.

Foin

Foin, v. t. To prick; to st?ng. [Obs.] Huloet.

Foin

Foin, n. A pass in fencing; a lunge. [Obs.] Shak.

Foinery

Foin"er*y (?), n. Thrusting with the foil; fencing with the point, as distinguished from broadsword play. [Obs.] Marston.

Foiningly

Foin"ing*ly (?), adv. With a push or thrust. [Obs.]

Foison

Foi"son (?), n. [F. foison, fr. L. fusio a pouring, effusion. See Fusion.] Rich harvest; plenty; abundance. [Archaic] Lowell.
That from the seedness the bare fallow brings To teeming foison. Shak.

Foist

Foist (foist), n. [OF. fuste stick, boat, fr. L. fustis cudgel. Cf. 1st Fust.] A light and fast-sailing ship. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Foist

Foist, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Foisting.] [Cf. OD. vysten to fizzle, D. veesten, E. fizz, fitchet, bullfist.] To insert surreptitiously, wrongfully, or without warrant; to interpolate; to pass off (something spurious or counterfeit) as genuine, true, or worthy; -- usually followed by in.
Lest negligence or partiality might admit or fois? in abuses corruption. R. Carew.
When a scripture has been corrupted . . . by a supposititious foisting of some words in. South.

Foist

Foist, n.

1. A foister; a sharper. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. A trick or fraud; a swindle. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Foister

Foist"er (?), n. One who foists something surreptitiously; a falsitier. Mir. for Mag.

Foistied

Foist"ied (?), a. [See 2d Fust.] Fusty. [Obs.]

Foistiness

Foist"i*ness (?), n. Fustiness; mustiness. [Obs.]

Foisty

Foist"y (?), a. Fusty; musty. [Obs.] Johnson.

Fold

Fold (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Folded; p. pr. & vb. n. Folding.] [OE. folden, falden, AS. fealdan; akin to OHG. faltan, faldan, G. falten, Icel. falda, Dan. folde, Sw. f\'86lla, Goth. fal, cf. Gr.pu a fold. Cf. Fauteuil.]

1. To lap or lay in plaits or folds; to lay one part over another part of; to double; as, to fold cloth; to fold a letter.

As a vesture shalt thou fold them up. Heb. i. 12.

2. To double or lay together, as the arms or the hands; as, he folds his arms in despair.

3. To inclose within folds or plaitings; to envelop; to infold; to clasp; to embrace.

A face folded in sorrow. J. Webster.
We will descend and fold him in our arms. Shak.

4. To cover or wrap up; to conceal.

Nor fold my fault in cleanly coined excuses. Shak.

Fold

Fold, v. i. To become folded, plaited, or doubled; to close over another of the same kind; to double together; as, the leaves of the door fold. 1 Kings vi. 34.

Fold

Fold, n. [From Fold, v. In sense 2 AS. -feald, akin to fealdan to fold.]

1. A doubling,esp. of any flexible substance; a part laid over on another part; a plait; a plication.

Mummies . . . shrouded in a number of folds of linen. Bacon.
Folds are most common in the rocks of mountainous regions. J. D. Dana.

2. Times or repetitions; -- used with numerals, chiefly in composition, to denote multiplication or increase in a geometrical ratio, the doubling, tripling, etc., of anything; as, fourfold, four times, increased in a quadruple ratio, multiplied by four.

3. That which is folded together, or which infolds or envelops; embrace.

Shall from your neck unloose his amorous fold. Shak.
Fold net, a kind of net used in catching birds.

Fold

Fold, n. [OE. fald, fold, AS. fald, falod.]

1. An inclosure for sheep; a sheep pen.

Leaps o'er the fence with ease into the fold. Milton.

2. A flock of sheep; figuratively, the Church or a church; as, Christ's fold.

There shall be one fold and one shepherd. John x. 16.
The very whitest lamb in all my fold. Tennyson.

3. A boundary; a limit. [Obs.] Creech. Fold yard, an inclosure for sheep or cattle.

Fold

Fold, v. t. To confine in a fold, as sheep.

Fold

Fold, v. i. To confine sheep in a fold. [R.]
The star that bids the shepherd fold. Milton.

Foldage

Fold"age, ( n. [See Fold inclosure, Faldage.] (O.Eng.Law.) See Faldage.

Folder

Fold"er (?), n. One who, or that which, folds; esp., a flat, knifelike instrument used for folding paper.

Folderol

Fol"de*rol` (?), n. Nonsense. [Colloq.]

Folding

Fold"ing (?), n.

1. The act of making a fold or folds; also, a fold; a doubling; a plication.

The lower foldings of the vest. Addison.

2. (Agric.) The keepig of sheep in inclosures on arable land, etc. Folding boat, a portable boat made by stretching canvas, etc., over jointed framework, used in campaigning, and by tourists, etc. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Folding chairFolding door, one of two or more doors filling a single and hung upon hinges.

Foldless

Fold"less, a. Having no fold. Milman.

Foliaceous

Fo`li*a"ceous (?), a. [L. foliaceus, fr. folium leaf.]

1. (Bot.) Belonging to, or having the texture or nature of, a leaf; having leaves intermixed with flowers; as, a foliaceous spike.

2. (Min.) Consisting of leaves or thin lamin\'91; having the form of a leaf or plate; as, foliaceous spar.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Leaflike in form or mode of growth; as, a foliaceous coral.

Foliage

Fo"li*age (?), n. [OF. foillage, fueillage, F. feuillage, fr. OF. foille, fueille, fueil, F. feulle, leaf, L. folium. See 3d Foil, and cf. Foliation, Filemot.]

1. Leaves, collectively, as produced or arranged by nature; leafage; as, a tree or forest of beautiful foliage.

2. A cluster of leaves, flowers, and branches; especially, the representation of leaves, flowers, and branches, in architecture, intended to ornament and enrich capitals, friezes, pediments, etc. Foliage plant (Bot.), any plant cultivated for the beauty of its leaves, as many kinds of Begonia and Coleus.

Foliage

Fo"li*age (?), v. t. To adorn with foliage or the imitation of foliage; to form into the representation of leaves. [R.] Drummond.

Foliaged

Fo"li*aged (?), a. Furnished with foliage; leaved; as, the variously foliaged mulberry.

Foliar

Fo"li*ar (?), a. (Bot.) Consisting of, or pertaining to, leaves; as, foliar appendages. Foliar gap (Bot.), an opening in the fibrovascular system of a stem at the point of origin of a leaf. -- Foliar trace (Bot.), a particular fibrovascular bundle passing down into the stem from a leaf.

Foliate

Fo"li*ate (, a. [L. foliatus leaved, leafy, fr. folium leaf. See Foliage.] (Bot.) Furnished with leaves; leafy; as, a foliate stalk. Foliate curve. (Geom.) Same as Folium.

Foliate

Fo"li*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Foliating (?).]

1. To beat into a leaf, or thin plate. Bacon.

2. To spread over with a thin coat of tin and quicksilver; as, to foliate a looking-glass.

Foliated

Fo"li*a`ted (?), a.

1. Having leaves, or leaflike projections; as, a foliated shell.

2. (Arch.) Containing, or consisting of, foils; as, a foliated arch.

3. (Min.) Characterized by being separable into thin plates or folia; as, graphite has a foliated structure.

4. (Geol.) Laminated, but restricted to the variety of laminated structure found in crystalline schist, as mica schist, etc.; schistose.

5. Spread over with an amalgam of tin and quicksilver. Foliated telluium. (Min.) See Nagyagite.

Foliation

Fo"li*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. foliation.]

1. The process of forming into a leaf or leaves.

2. The manner in which the young leaves are dispo

The . . . foliation must be in relation to the stem. De Quincey.

3. The act of beating a metal into a thin plate, leaf, foil, or lamina.

4. The act of coating with an amalgam of tin foil and quicksilver, as in making looking-glasses.

5. (Arch.) The enrichment of an opening by means of foils, arranged in trefoils, quatrefoils, etc.; also, one of the ornaments. See Tracery.

6. (Geol.) The property, possessed by some crystalline rocks, of dividing into plates or slabs, which is due to the cleavage structure of one of the constituents, as mica or hornblende. It may sometimes include slaty structure or cleavage, though the latter is usually independent of any mineral constituent, and transverse to the bedding, it having been produced by pressure.

Foliature

Fo"li*a*ture (?), n. [L. foliatura foliage.] 1. Foliage; leafage. [Obs.] Shuckford.

2. The state of being beaten into foil. Johnson.

Folier

Fo"li*er (?), n. Goldsmith's foil. [R.] Sprat.

Foliferous

Fo*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. folium leaf+ -ferous: cf. F. foliif\'8are.] Producing leaves. [Written also foliiferous.]

Folily

Fol"i*ly (?), a. Foolishly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Folio

Fol"io (?), n.; pl. Folios (#). [Ablative of L. folium leaf. See 4th Foil.]

1. A leaf of a book or manuscript.

2. A sheet of paper once folded.

3. A book made of sheets of paper each folded once (four pages to the sheet); hence, a book of the largest kind. See Note under Paper.

4. (Print.) The page number. The even folios are on the left-hand pages and the odd folios on the right-hand.

5. A page of a book; (Bookkeeping) a page in an account book; sometimes, two opposite pages bearing the same serial number.

6. (Law) A leaf containing a certain number of words, hence, a certain number of words in a writing, as in England, in law proceedings 72, and in chancery, 90; in New York, 100 words. Folio post, a flat writing paper, usually 17 by 24 inches.

Fol'io

Fol'io, v. t. To put a serial number on each folio or page of (a book); to page.

Fol'io

Fol'io, a. Formed of sheets each folded once, making two leaves, or four pages; as, a folio volume. See Folio, n., 3.

Fo'liolate

Fo"'li*o*late (?), a. Of or pertaining to leaflets; -- used in composition; as, bi-foliolate. Gray.

Foliole

Fo"li*ole (?), n. [Dim. of L. folium leaf: cf. F. foliole.] (Bot.) One of the distinct parts of a compound leaf; a leaflet.

Foliomort

Fo`li*o*mort" (?), a. See Feuillemort.

Foliose

Fo`li*ose" (?), a. [L. foliosus, fr. folium leaf.] (Bot.) Having many leaves; leafy.

Foliosity

Fo`li*os"i*ty (?), n. The ponderousness or bulk of a folio; voluminousness. [R.] De Quincey.

Folious

Fo"li*ous (, a. [See Foliose.]

1. Like a leaf; thin; unsubstantial. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Bot.) Foliose. [R.]

Folium

Fo"li*um (?), n.; pl. E. Foliums (#), L. Folia (#). [L., a leaf.]

1. A leaf, esp. a thin leaf or plate.

2. (Geom.) A curve of the third order, consisting of two infinite branches, which have a common asymptote. The curve has a double point, and a leaf-shaped loop; whence the name. Its equation is x3 + y3 = axy.


Page 579

Folk, Folks

Folk (?), Folks (?), n. collect. & pl. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]

1. (Eng. Hist.) In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [Obs.]

The organization of each folk, as such, sprang mainly from war. J. R. Green.

2. People in general, or a separate class of people; -- generally used in the plural form, and often with a qualifying adjective; as, the old folks; poor folks. [Colloq.]

In winter's tedious nights, sit by the fire With good old folks, and let them tell thee tales. Shak.

3. The persons of one's own family; as, our folks are all well. [Colloq. New Eng.] Bartlett. Folk song, one of a class of songs long popular with the common people. -- Folk speech, the speech of the common people, as distinguished from that of the educated class.

Folkland

Folk"land` (?), n. [AS. folcland.] (O.Eng. Law) Land held in villenage, being distributed among the folk, or people, at the pleasure of the lord of the manor, and resumed at his discretion. Not being held by any assurance in writing, it was opposed to bookland or charter land, which was held by deed. Mozley & W.

Folklore, n., ∨ Folk lore

Folk"lore` (?), n., ∨ Folk" lore`. Tales, legends, or superstitions long current among the people. Trench.

Folkmote

Folk"mote` (?), n. [AS. folcm folk meeting.] An assembly of the people; esp. (Sax. Law), a general assembly of the people to consider and order matters of the commonwealth; also, a local court. [Hist.]
To which folkmote they all with one consent Agreed to travel. Spenser.

Folkmoter

Folk"mot`er (?), n. One who takes part in a folkmote, or local court. [Obs.] Milton.

Follicle

Fol"li*cle (?), n. [L. folliculus a small bag, husk, pod, dim of follis bellows, an inflated ball, a leathern money bag, perh. akin to E. bellows: cf. F. follicule. Cf. 2d Fool.]

1. (Bot.) A simple podlike pericarp which contains several seeds and opens along the inner or ventral suture, as in the peony, larkspur and milkweed.

2. (Anat.) (a) A small cavity, tubular depression, or sac; as, a hair follicle. (b) A simple gland or glandular cavity; a crypt. (c) A small mass of adenoid tissue; as, a lymphatic follicle.

Follicular

Fol*lic"u*lar (?), a.

1. Like, pertaining to, or consisting of, a follicles or follicles.

2. (Med.) Affecting the follicles; as, follicular pharyngitis.

Folliculated

Fol*lic"u*la`ted (?), a. Having follicles.

Folliculous

Fol*lic"u*lous (?), a. [L. folliculosus full of husks: cf. F. folliculeux.] Having or producing follicles.

Folliful

Fol"li*ful (?), a. Full of folly. [Obs.]

Follow

Fol"low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Followed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Following.][OE. foluwen, folwen, folgen, AS. folgian, fylgean, fylgan; akin to D. volgen, OHG. folg, G. folgen, Icel. fylgja, Sw. f\'94lja, Dan. f\'94lge, and perh. to E. folk.]

1. To go or come after; to move behind in the same path or direction; hence, to go with (a leader, guide, etc.); to accompany; to attend.

It waves me forth again; I'll follow it. Shak.

2. To endeavor to overtake; to go in pursuit of; to chase; to pursue; to prosecute.

I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall follow them. Ex. xiv. 17.

3. To accept as authority; to adopt the opinions of; to obey; to yield to; to take as a rule of action; as, to follow good advice.

Approve the best, and follow what I approve. Milton.
Follow peace with all men. Heb. xii. 14.
It is most agreeable to some men to follow their reason; and to others to follow their appetites. J. Edwards.

4. To copy after; to take as an example.

We had rather follow the perfections of them whom we like not, than in defects resemble them whom we love. Hooker.

5. To succeed in order of time, rank, or office.

6. To result from, as an effect from a cause, or an inference from a premise.

7. To watch, as a receding object; to keep the eyes fixed upon while in motion; to keep the mind upon while in progress, as a speech, musical performance, etc.; also, to keep up with; to understand the meaning, connection, or force of, as of a course of thought or argument.

He followed with his eyes the flitting shade. Dryden.

8. To walk in, as a road or course; to attend upon closely, as a profession or calling.

O, had I but followed the arts! Shak.
O Antony! I have followed thee to this. Shak.
Follow board (Founding), a board on which the pattern and the flask lie while the sand is rammed into the flask. Knight. -- To follow the hounds, to hunt with dogs. -- To follow suit (Card Playing), to play a card of the same suit as the leading card; hence, colloquially, to follow an example set. -- To follow up, to pursue indefatigably. Syn.- To pursue; chase; go after; attend; accompany; succeed; imitate; copy; embrace; maintain. - To Follow, Pursue. To follow (v.t.) denotes simply to go after; to pursue denotes to follow with earnestness, and with a view to attain some definite object; as, a hound pursues the deer. So a person follows a companion whom he wishes to overtake on a journey; the officers of justice pursue a felon who has escaped from prison.

Follow

Fol"low, v. i. To go or come after; -- used in the various senses of the transitive verb: To pursue; to attend; to accompany; to be a result; to imitate. Syn.- To Follow, Succeed, Ensue. To follow (v.i.) means simply to come after; as, a crowd followed. To succeed means to come after in some regular series or succession; as, day succeeds to day, and night to night. To ensue means to follow by some established connection or principle of sequence. As wave follows wave, revolution succeeds to revolution; and nothing ensues but accumulated wretchedness.

Follower

Fol"low*er (?), n. [OE. folwere, AS. folgere.] 1. One who follows; a pursuer; an attendant; a disciple; a dependent associate; a retainer.

2. A sweetheart; a beau. [Colloq.] A. Trollope.

3. (Steam Engine) (a) The removable flange, or cover, of a piston. See Illust. of Piston. (b) A gland. See Illust. of Stuffing box.

4. (Mach.) The part of a machine that receives motion from another part. See Driver.

5. Among law stationers, a sheet of parchment or paper which is added to the first sheet of an indenture or other deed. Syn. -- Imitator; copier; disciple; adherent; partisan; dependent; attendant.

Following

Fol"low*ing (?), n.

1. One's followers, adherents, or dependents, collectively. Macaulay.

2. Vocation; business; profession.

Following

Fol"low*ing, a.

1. Next after; succeeding; ensuing; as, the assembly was held on the following day.

2. (Astron.) (In the field of a telescope) In the direction from which stars are apparently moving (in consequence of the erth's rotation); as, a small star, north following or south following. In the direction toward which stars appear to move is called preceding. &hand; The four principal directions in the field of a telescope are north, south, following, preceding.

Folly

Fol"ly (?), n.; pl. Follies (#). [OE. folie, foli, F. folie, fr. fol, fou, foolish, mad. See Fool.]

1. The state of being foolish; want of good sense; levity, weakness, or derangement of mind.

2. A foolish act; an inconsiderate or thoughtless procedure; weak or light-minded conduct; foolery.

What folly 'tis to hazard life for ill. Shak.

3. Scandalous crime; sin; specifically, as applied to a woman, wantonness.

[Achan] wrought folly in Israel. Josh. vii. 15.
When lovely woman stoops to folly. Goldsmith.

4. The result of a foolish action or enterprise.

It is called this man's or that man's "folly," and name of the foolish builder is thus kept alive for long after years. Trench.

Folwe

Fol"we (?), v. t. To follow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fomalhaut

Fo"mal*haut` (?), n. [AFomalhaut.] (Astron.) A star of the first magnitude, in the constellation Piscis Australis, or Southern Fish.

Foment

Fo*ment" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fomented; p. pr. & vb. n. Fomenting.] [F. fomenter, fr. L. fomentare, fr. fomentum (for fovimentum) a warm application or lotion, fr. fovere to warm or keep warm; perh. akin to Gr. bake.]

1. To apply a warm lotion to; to bathe with a cloth or sponge wet with warm water or medicated liquid.

2. To cherish with heat; to foster. [Obs.]

Which these soft fires . . . foment and warm. Milton.

3. To nurse to life or activity; to cherish and promote by excitements; to encourage; to abet; to instigate; -- used often in a bad sense; as, to foment ill humors. Locke.

But quench the choler you foment in vain. Dryden.
Exciting and fomenting a religious rebellion. Southey.

Fomentation

Fo`men*ta"tion (?), n. [fomentatio: cf. F. fomentation.]

1. (Med.) (a) The act of fomenting; the application of warm, soft, medicinal substances, as for the purpose of easing pain, by relaxing the skin, or of discussing tumors. (b) The lotion applied to a diseased part.

2. Excitation; instigation; encouragement.

Dishonest fomentation of your pride. Young.

Fomenter

Fo*ment"er (?), n. One who foments; one who encourages or instigates; as, a fomenter of sedition.

Fomes

Fo"mes (?), n.; pl. Fomites (#). [L. fomes, -itis, touch-wood, tinder.] (Med.) Any substance supposed to be capable of absorbing, retaining, and transporting contagious or infectious germs; as, woolen clothes are said to be active fomites.

Fon

Fon (?), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. f\'beni silly, f\'bena to act silly, Sw. f\'86ne fool. Cf. Fond, a.] A fool; an idiot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fond

Fond (?), obs. imp. of Find. Found. Chaucer.

Fond

Fond, a. [Compar. Fonder (?); superl. Fondest.] [For fonned, p. p. of OE. fonnen to be foolish. See Fon.]

1. Foolish; silly; simple; weak. [Archaic]

Grant I may never prove so fond To trust man on his oath or bond. Shak.

2. Foolishly tender and loving; weakly indulgent; over-affectionate.

3. Affectionate; loving; tender; -- in a good sense; as, a fond mother or wife. Addison.

4. Loving; much pleased; affectionately regardful, indulgent, or desirous; longing or yearning; -- followed by of (formerly also by on).

More fond on her than she upon her love. Shak.
You are as fond of grief as of your child. Shak.
A great traveler, and fond of telling his adventures. Irving.

5. Doted on; regarded with affection. [R.]

Nor fix on fond abodes to circumscribe thy prayer. Byron.

6. Trifling; valued by folly; trivial. [Obs.] Shak.

Fond

Fond, v. t. To caress; to fondle. [Obs.]
The Tyrian hugs and fonds thee on her breast. Dryden.

Fond

Fond, v. i. To be fond; to dote. [Obs.] Shak.

Fonde

Fond"e (?), v. t. & i. [AS. fandian to try.] To endeavor; to strive; to try. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fondle

Fon"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fondled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fondling (?).] [From Fond, v.] To treat or handle with tenderness or in a loving manner; to caress; as, a nurse fondles a child. Syn.- See Caress.

Fondler

Fon"dler (?), n. One who fondles. Johnson.

Fondling

Fon"dling (?), n. [From Fondle.] The act of caressing; manifestation of tenderness.
Cyrus made no . . . amorous fondling To fan her pride, or melt her guardless heart. Mickle.

Fondling

Fond"ling (?), n. [Fond + -ling.]

1. A person or thing fondled or caressed; one treated with foolish or doting affection.

Fondlings are in danger to be made fools. L'Estrange.

2. A fool; a simpleton; a ninny. [Obs.] Chapman.

Fondly

Fond"ly (?), adv.

1. Foolishly. [Archaic] Verstegan (1673).

Make him speak fondly like a frantic man. Shak.

2. In a fond manner; affectionately; tenderly.

My heart, untarveled, fondly turns to thee. Goldsmith.

Fondness

Fond"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being fond; foolishness. [Obs.]

Fondness it were for any, being free, To covet fetters, though they golden be. Spenser.

2. Doting affection; tender liking; strong appetite, propensity, or relish; as, he had a fondness for truffles.

My heart had still some foolish fondness for thee. Addison.
Syn.- Attachment; affection; love; kindness.

Fondon

Fon"don (?), n. [Cf. F. fondant flux.] (Metal.) A large copper vessel used for hot amalgamation.

Fondus

Fon`dus" (?), n. [F. fondu, prop. p.p. of fondre to melt, blend. See Found to cast.] A style of printing calico, paper hangings, etc., in which the colors are in bands and graduated into each other. Ure.

Fone

Fone (?), n.; pl. of Foe. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fonge

Fong"e (?), v. t. [See Fang, v. t.] To take; to receive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fonly

Fon"ly (?), adv. [See Fon.] Foolishly; fondly. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fonne

Fon"ne (?), n. A fon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Font

Font (?), n. [F. fonte, fr. fondre to melt or cast. See Found to cast, and cf. Fount a font.] (Print.) A complete assortment of printing type of one size, including a due proportion of all the letters in the alphabet, large and small, points, accents, and whatever else is necessary for printing with that variety of types; a fount.

Font

Font, n. [AS. font, fant, fr. L. fons, fontis, spring, fountain; cf. OF. font, funt, F. fonts, fonts baptismaux, pl. See Fount.]

1. A fountain; a spring; a source.

Bathing forever in the font of bliss. Young.

2. A basin or stone vessel in which water is contained for baptizing.

That name was given me at the font. Shak.

Fontal

Font"al (?), a. Pertaining to a font, fountain, source, or origin; original; primitive. [R.]
From the fontal light of ideas only can a man draw intellectual power. Coleridge.

Fontanel

Fon"ta*nel` (?), n. [F. fontanelle, prop., a little fountain, fr. fontaine fountain. See Fountain.]

1. (Med.) An issue or artificial ulcer for the discharge of humors from the body.[Obs.] Wiseman.

2. (Anat.) One of the membranous intervals between the incompleted angles of the parietal and neighboring bones of a fetal or young skull; -- so called because it exhibits a rhythmical pulsation. &hand; In the human fetus there are six fontanels, of which the anterior, or bregmatic, situated at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures, is much the largest, and remains open a considerable time after birth.

Fontanelle

Fon`ta`nelle" (?), n. [F.] (Anat.) Same as Fontanel, 2.

Fontange

Fon`tange" (?), n. [F., from the name of the first wearer, Mlle. de Fontanges, about 1679.] A kind of tall headdress formerly worn. Addison.

Food

Food (?), n. [OE. fode, AS. f\'d3da; akin to Icel. f\'91\'eba, f\'91\'ebi, Sw. f\'94da, Dan. & LG. f\'94de, OHG. fatunga, Gr. patei^sthai to eat, and perh. to Skr. p\'be to protect, L. pascere to feed, pasture, pabulum food, E. pasture. \'fb75. Cf. Feed, Fodder food, Foster to cherish.]

1. What is fed upon; that which goes to support life by being received within, and assimilated by, the organism of an animal or a plant; nutriment; aliment; especially, what is eaten by animals for nourishment. &hand; In a physiological sense, true aliment is to be distinguished as that portion of the food which is capable of being digested and absorbed into the blood, thus furnishing nourishment, in distinction from the indigestible matter which passes out through the alimentary canal as f\'91ces. &hand; Foods are divided into two main groups: nitrogenous, or proteid, foods, i.e., those which contain nitrogen, and nonnitrogenous, i.e., those which do not contain nitrogen. The latter group embraces the fats and carbohydrates, which collectively are sometimes termed heat producers or respiratory foods, since by oxidation in the body they especially subserve the production of heat. The proteids, on the other hand, are known as plastic foods or tissue formers, since no tissue can be formed without them. These latter terms, however, are misleading, since proteid foods may also give rise to heat both directly and indirectly, and the fats and carbohydrates are useful in other ways than in producing heat.

2. Anything that instructs the intellect, excites the feelings, or molds habits of character; that which nourishes.

This may prove food to my displeasure. Shak.
In this moment there is life and food For future years. Wordsworth.
&hand; Food is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds, as in food fish or food-fish, food supply. Food vacuole (Zo\'94l.), one of the spaces in the interior of a protozoan in which food is contained, during digestion. -- Food yolk. (Biol.) See under Yolk. Syn. -- Aliment; sustenance; nutriment; feed; fare; victuals; provisions; meat.

Food

Food, v. t. To supply with food. [Obs.] Baret.
Page 580

Foodful

Food"ful (?), a. Full of food; supplying food; fruitful; fertile. "The foodful earth." Dryden.
Bent by its foodful burden [the corn]. Glover.

Foodless

Food"less, a. Without food; barren. Sandys.

Foody

Food"y (?), a. Eatable; fruitful. [R.] Chapman.

Fool

Fool (?), n. [Cf. F. fouler to tread, crush. Cf. 1st Foil.] A compound of gooseberries scalded and crushed, with cream; -- commonly called gooseberry fool.

Fool

Fool, n. [OE. fol, n. & adj., F. fol, fou, foolish, mad; a fool, prob. fr. L. follis a bellows, wind bag, an inflated ball; perh. akin to E. bellows. Cf. Folly, Follicle.]

1. One destitute of reason, or of the common powers of understanding; an idiot; a natural.

2. A person deficient in intellect; one who acts absurdly, or pursues a course contrary to the dictates of wisdom; one without judgment; a simpleton; a dolt.

Extol not riches, then, the toil of fools. Milton.
Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other. Franklin.

3. (Script.) One who acts contrary to moral and religious wisdom; a wicked person.

The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. Ps. xiv. 1.

4. One who counterfeits folly; a professional jester or buffoon; a retainer formerly kept to make sport, dressed fantastically in motley, with ridiculous accouterments.

Can they think me . . . their fool or jester? Milton.
April fool, Court fool, etc. See under April, Court, etc. -- Fool's cap, a cap or hood to which bells were usually attached, formerly worn by professional jesters. -- Fool's errand, an unreasonable, silly, profitless adventure or undertaking. -- Fool's gold, iron or copper pyrites, resembling gold in color. -- Fool's paradise, a name applied to a limbo (see under Limbo) popularly believed to be the region of vanity and nonsense. Hence, any foolish pleasure or condition of vain self-satistaction. -- Fool's parsley (Bot.), an annual umbelliferous plant (\'92thusa Cynapium) resembling parsley, but nauseous and poisonous. -- To make a fool of, to render ridiculous; to outwit; to shame. [Colloq.] -- To play the fool, to act the buffoon; to act a foolish part. "I have played the fool, and have erred exceedingly." 1 Sam. xxvi. 21.

Fool

Fool, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fooling.] To play the fool; to trifle; to toy; to spend time in idle sport or mirth. <-- = to fool around -->
Is this a time for fooling? Dryden.

Fool

Fool, v. t.

1. To infatuate; to make foolish. Shak.

For, fooled with hope, men favor the deceit. Dryden.

2. To use as a fool; to deceive in a shameful or mortifying manner; to impose upon; to cheat by inspiring foolish confidence; as, to fool one out of his money.

You are fooled, discarded, and shook off By him for whom these shames ye underwent. Shak.
To fool away, to get rid of foolishly; to spend in trifles, idleness, folly, or without advantage.

Foolahs

Foo"lahs` (?), n. pl.; sing. Foolah. (Ethnol.) Same as Fulahs.

Fool-born

Fool"-born` (?), a. Begotten by a fool. Shak.

Foolery

Fool"er*y (?), n.; pl. Fooleries (.

1. The practice of folly; the behavior of a fool; absurdity.

Folly in fools bears not so strong a note, As foolery in the wise, when wit doth dote. Shak.

2. An act of folly or weakness; a foolish practice; something absurd or nonsensical.

That Pythagoras, Plato, or Orpheus, believed in any of these fooleries, it can not be suspected. Sir W. Raleigh.

Foolfish

Fool"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The orange filefish<--clownfish?-->. See Filefish. (b) The winter flounder. See Flounder.

Fool-happy

Fool"-hap`py (?), a. Lucky, without judgment or contrivance. [Obs.] Spenser.

Foolhardihood

Fool"har`di*hood (?), n. The state of being foolhardy; foolhardiness.

Foolhardily

Fool"har`di*ly, adv. In a foolhardy manner.

Foolhardiness

Fool"har`di*ness, n. Courage without sense or judgment; foolish rashness; recklessness. Dryden.

Foolhardise

Fool"har`dise (?), n. [Fool, F. fol, fou + F. hardiesse boldness.] Foolhardiness. [Obs.] Spenser.

Foolhardy

Fool"har`dy (?), a. [OF. folhardi. See Fool idiot, and Hardy.] Daring without judgment; foolishly adventurous and bold. Howell. Syn. -- Rash; venturesome; venturous; precipitate; reckless; headlong; incautious. See Rash.

Fool-hasty

Fool"-has`ty (?), a. Foolishly hasty. [R.]

Foolify

Fool"i*fy (?), v. t. [Fool + -fy.] To make a fool of; to befool. [R.] Holland.

Foolish

Fool"ish, a.

1. Marked with, or exhibiting, folly; void of understanding; weak in intellect; without judgment or discretion; silly; unwise.

I am a very foolish fond old man. Shak.

2. Such as a fool would do; proceeding from weakness of mind or silliness; exhibiting a want of judgment or discretion; as, a foolish act.

3. Absurd; ridiculous; despicable; contemptible.

A foolish figure he must make. Prior.
Syn. -- Absurd; shallow; shallow-brained; brainless; simple; irrational; unwise; imprudent; indiscreet; incautious; silly; ridiculous; vain; trifling; contemptible. See Absurd.

Foolishly

Fool"ish*ly, adv. In a foolish manner.

Foolishness

Fool"ish*ness, n.

1. The quality of being foolish.

2. A foolish practice; an absurdity.

The preaching of the cross is to them that perish foolishness. 1 Cor. i. 18.

Fool-large

Fool"-large` (?), a. [OF. follarge. See Fool, and Large.] Foolishly liberal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fool-largesse

Fool"-lar*gesse` (?), n. [See Fool-large, Largess.] Foolish expenditure; waste. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Foolscap

Fools"cap` (?), n. [So called from the watermark of a fool's cap and bells used by old paper makers. See Fool's cap, under Fool.] A writing paper made in sheets, ordinarily 16 x 13 inches, and folded so as to make a page 13 x 8 inches. See Paper.

Foot

Foot (?), n.; pl. Feet (#). [OE. fot, foot, pl. feet. AS. f, pl. f; akin to D. voet, OHG. fuoz, G. fuss, Icel. f, Sw. fot, Dan. fod, Goth. f, L. pes, Gr. p\'bed, Icel. fet step, pace measure of a foot, feta to step, find one's way. \'fb77, 250. Cf. Antipodes, Cap-a-pie, Expedient, Fet to fetch, Fetlock, Fetter, Pawn a piece in chess, Pedal.]

1. (Anat.) The terminal part of the leg of man or an animal; esp., the part below the ankle or wrist; that part of an animal upon which it rests when standing, or moves. See Manus, and Pes.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The muscular locomotive organ of a mollusk. It is a median organ arising from the ventral region of body, often in the form of a flat disk, as in snails. See Illust. of Buccinum.

3. That which corresponds to the foot of a man or animal; as, the foot of a table; the foot of a stocking.

4. The lowest part or base; the ground part; the bottom, as of a mountain or column; also, the last of a row or series; the end or extremity, esp. if associated with inferiority; as, the foot of a hill; the foot of the procession; the foot of a class; the foot of the bed.

And now at foot Of heaven's ascent they lift their feet. Milton.

5. Fundamental principle; basis; plan; -- used only in the singular.

Answer directly upon the foot of dry reason. Berkeley.

6. Recognized condition; rank; footing; -- used only in the singular. [R.]

As to his being on the foot of a servant. Walpole.

7. A measure of length equivalent to twelve inches; one third of a yard. See Yard. &hand; This measure is supposed to be taken from the length of a man's foot. It differs in length in different countries. In the United States and in England it is 304.8 millimeters.

8. (Mil.) Soldiers who march and fight on foot; the infantry, usually designated as the foot, in distinction from the cavalry. "Both horse and foot." Milton.

9. (Pros.) A combination of syllables consisting a metrical element of a verse, the syllables being formerly distinguished by their quantity or length, but in modern poetry by the accent.

10. (Naut.) The lower edge of a sail. &hand; Foot is often used adjectively, signifying of or pertaining to a foot or the feet, or to the base or lower part. It is also much used as the first of compounds. Foot artillery. (Mil.) (a) Artillery soldiers serving in foot. (b) Heavy artillery. Farrow. -- Foot bank (Fort.), a raised way within a parapet. -- Foot barracks (Mil.), barracks for infantery. -- Foot bellows, a bellows worked by a treadle. Knight. -- Foot company (Mil.), a company of infantry. Milton. -- Foot gear, covering for the feet, as stocking, shoes, or boots. -- Foot hammer (Mach.), a small tilt hammer moved by a treadle. -- Foot iron. (a) The step of a carriage. (b) A fetter. -- Foot jaw. (Zo\'94l.) See Maxilliped. -- Foot key (Mus.), an organ pedal. -- Foot level (Gunnery), a form of level used in giving any proposed angle of elevation to a piece of ordnance. Farrow. -- Foot mantle, a long garment to protect the dress in riding; a riding skirt. [Obs.] -- Foot page, an errand boy; an attendant. [Obs.] -- Foot passenger, one who passes on foot, as over a road or bridge. -- Foot pavement, a paved way for foot passengers; a footway; a trottoir. -- Foot poet, an inferior poet; a poetaster. [R.] Dryden. -- Foot post. (a) A letter carrier who travels on foot. (b) A mail delivery by means of such carriers. -- Fot pound, ∧ Foot poundal. (Mech.) See Foot pound and Foot poundal, in the Vocabulary. -- Foot press (Mach.), a cutting, embossing, or printing press, moved by a treadle. -- Foot race, a race run by persons on foot. Cowper. -- Foot rail, a railroad rail, with a wide flat flange on the lower side. -- Foot rot, an ulcer in the feet of sheep; claw sickness. -- Foot rule, a rule or measure twelve inches long. -- Foot screw, an adjusting screw which forms a foot, and serves to give a machine or table a level standing on an uneven place. -- Foot secretion. (Zo\'94l.) See Sclerobase. -- Foot soldier, a soldier who serves on foot. -- Foot stick (Printing), a beveled piece of furniture placed against the foot of the page, to hold the type in place. -- Foot stove, a small box, with an iron pan, to hold hot coals for warming the feet. -- Foot tubercle. (Zo\'94l.) See Parapodium. -- Foot valve (Steam Engine), the valve that opens to the air pump from the condenser. -- Foot vise, a kind of vise the jaws of which are operated by a treadle. -- Foot waling (Naut.), the inside planks or lining of a vessel over the floor timbers. Totten. -- Foot wall (Mining), the under wall of an inclosed vein. By foot, ∨ On foot, by walking; as, to pass a stream on foot. -- Cubic foot. See under Cubic. -- Foot and mouth disease, a contagious disease (Eczema epizo\'94tica) of cattle, sheep, swine, etc., characterized by the formation of vesicles and ulcers in the mouth and about the hoofs. -- Foot of the fine (Law), the concluding portion of an acknowledgment in court by which, formerly, the title of land was conveyed. See Fine of land, under Fine, n.; also Chirograph. (b). -- Square foot. See under Square. -- To be on foot, to be in motion, action, or process of execution. -- To keep the foot (Script.), to preserve decorum. "Keep thy foot when thou goest to the house of God." Eccl. v. 1. -- To put one's foot down, to take a resolute stand; to be determined. [Colloq.] -- To put the best foot foremost, to make a good appearance; to do one's best. [Colloq.] -- To set on foot, to put in motion; to originate; as, to set on foot a subscription. -- To put, ∨ set, one on his feet, to put one in a position to go on; to assist to start. -- Under foot. (a) Under the feet; (Fig.) at one's mercy; as, to trample under foot. Gibbon. (b) Below par. [Obs.] "They would be forced to sell . . . far under foot." Bacon.

Foot

Foot (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Footed; p. pr. & vb. n. Footing.]

1. To tread to measure or music; to dance; to trip; to skip. Dryden.

2. To walk; -- opposed to ride or fly. Shak.

Foot

Foot, v. t.

1. To kick with the foot; to spurn. Shak.

2. To set on foot; to establish; to land. [Obs.]

What confederacy have you with the traitors Late footed in the kingdom? Shak.

3. To tread; as, to foot the green. Tickell.

4. To sum up, as the numbers in a column; -- sometimes with up; as, to foot (or foot up) an account.

5. The size or strike with the talon. [Poet.] Shak.

6. To renew the foot of, as of stocking. Shak. To foot a bill, to pay it. [Colloq.] -- To foot it, to walk; also, to dance.<-- = to hoof it (to walk) -->

If you are for a merry jaunt, I'll try, for once, who can foot it farthest. Dryden.

Football

Foot"ball` (?), n. An inflated ball to be kicked in sport, usually made in India rubber, or a bladder incased in Leather. Waller.

2. The game of kicking the football by opposing parties of players between goals. Arbuthnot.

Footband

Foot"band` (?), n. A band of foot soldiers. [Obs.]

Footbath

Foot"bath` (?), n. A bath for the feet; also, a vessel used in bathing the feet.

Footboard

Foot"board` (?), n.

1. A board or narrow platfrom upon which one may stand or brace his feet; as: (a) The platform for the engineer and fireman of a locomotive. (b) The foot-rest of a coachman's box.

2. A board forming the foot of a bedstead.

3. A treadle.

Footboy

Foot"boy` (?), n. A page; an attendant in livery; a lackey. Shak.

Footbreadth

Foot"breadth` (?), n. The breadth of a foot; -- used as a measure. Longfellow.
Not so much as a footbreadth. Deut. ii. 5.

Footbridge

Foot"bridge` (?), n. A narrow bridge for foot passengers only.

Footcloth

Foot"cloth` (?), n. Formerly, a housing or caparison for a horse. Sir W. Scott.

Footed

Foot"ed, a.

1. Having a foot or feet; shaped in the foot. "Footed like a goat." Grew. &hand; Footed is often used in composition in the sense of having (such or so many) feet; as, fourfooted beasts.

2. Having a foothold; established.

Our king . . . is footed in this land already. Shak.

Footfall

Foot"fall` (?), n.A setting down of the foot; a footstep; the sound of a footstep. Shak.
Seraphim, whose footfalls tinkled on the tufted floor. Poe

Footfight

Foot"fight` (?), n. A conflict by persons on foot; -- distinguished from a fight on horseback. Sir P. Sidney.

Footglove

Foot"glove` (?), n. A kind of stocking. [Obs.]

Foot Guards

Foot" Guards` (?), pl. Infantry soldiers belonging to select regiments called the Guards. [Eng.]

Foothalt

Foot"halt` (?), n. A disease affecting the feet of sheep.

Foothill

Foot"hill` (?), n. A low hill at the foot of highe

Foothold

Foot"hold` (?), n. A holding with the feet; firm L'Estrange.

Foothook

Foot"hook` (?), n. (Naut.) See Futtock.

Foothot

Foot"hot` (?), adv. Hastily; immediately; instantly; on the spot; hotfloot. Gower.
Custance have they taken anon, foothot. Chaucer.

Footing

Foot"ing, n.

1. Ground for the foot; place for the foot to rest on; firm foundation to stand on.

In ascent, every stfooting and help to the next. Holder.

2. Standing; position; established place; basis for operation; permanent settlement; foothold.

As soon as he had obtained a footing at court, the charms of his manner . . . made him a favorite. Macaulay.

3. Relative condition; state.

Lived on a footing of equality with nobles. Macaulay.

4. Tread; step; especially, measured tread.

Hark, I hear the footing of a man. Shak.

5. The act of adding up a column of figures; the amount or sum total of such a column.

6. The act of putting a foot to anything; also, that which is added as a foot; as, the footing of a stocking.

7. A narrow cotton lace, without figures.

8. The finer refuse part of whale blubber, not wholly deprived of oil. Simmonds.

9. (Arch. & Enging.) The thickened or sloping portion of a wall, or of an embankment at its foot. Footing course (Arch.), one of the courses of masonry at the foot of a wall, broader than the courses above. -- To pay one's footing, to pay a fee on first doing anything, as working at a trade or in a shop. Wright. -- Footing beam, the tie beam of a roof.

Footless

Foot"less, a. Having no feet.

Footlicker

Foot"lick`er (?), n. A sycophant; a fawner; a toady. Cf. Bootlick. Shak.

Footlight

Foot"light` (?), n.One of a row of lights in the front of the stage in a theater, etc., and on a level therewith. Before the footlights, upon the stage; -- hence, in the capacity of an actor.

Footman

Foot"man (?), n.; pl. Footmen (.

1. A soldier who marches and fights on foot; a foot soldier.

2. A man in waiting; a male servant whose duties are to attend the door, the carriage, the table, etc.

3. Formerly, a servant who ran in front of his master's carriage; a runner. Prior.

4. A metallic stand with four feet, for keeping anything warm before a fire.

5. (Zo\'94l.) A moth of the family Lithosid\'91; -- so called from its livery-like colors.

Footmanship

Foot"man*ship, n. Art or skill of a footman.

Footmark

Foot"mark` (?), n. A footprint; a track or vestige. Coleridge.

Footnote

Foot"note` (?), n. A note of reference or comment at the foot of a page.

Footpace

Foot"pace` (?), n.

1. A walking pace or step.

2. A dais, or elevated platform; the highest step of the altar; a landing in a staircase. Shipley.

Footpad

Foot"pad` (?), n. A highwayman or robber on foot.

Footpath

Foot"path` (?), n.; pl. Footpaths (. A narrow path or way for pedestrains only; a footway.

Footplate

Foot"plate` (?), n. (Locomotives) See Footboard (a).

Foot pound

Foot" pound` (?). (Mech.) A unit of energy, or work, being equal to the work done in raising one pound avoirdupois against the force of gravity the height of one foot.
Page 581

Foot poundal

Foot" pound`al (?). (Mech.) A unit of energy or work, equal to the work done in moving a body through one foot against the force of one poundal.

Footprint

Foot"print` (?), n. The impression of the foot; a trace or footmark; as, "Footprints of the Creator."

Footrope

Foot"rope` (?), n. (Aut.) (a) The rope rigged below a yard, upon which men stand when reefing or furling; -- formerly called a horse. (b) That part of the boltrope to which the lower edge of a sail is sewed.

Foots

Foots (?), n. pl. The settlings of oil, molasses, etc., at the bottom of a barrel or hogshead. Simmonds.

Foot-sore

Foot"-sore` (?), a. Having sore or tender feet, as by reason of much walking; as, foot-sore cattle.

Footstalk

Foot"stalk` (?), n.

1. (Bot.) The stalk of a leaf or of flower; a petiole, pedicel, or reduncle.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The peduncle or stem by which various marine animals are attached, as certain brachiopods and goose barnacles. (b) The stem which supports which supports the eye in decapod Crustacea; eyestalk.

3. (Mach.) The lower part of a millstone spindle. It rests in a step. Knight.

Footstall

Foot"stall` (?), n. [Cf. Pedestal.]

1. The stirrup of a woman's saddle.

2. (Arch.) The plinth or base of a pillar.

Footstep

Foot"step` (?), n.

1. The mark or impression of the foot; a track; hence, visible sign of a course pursued; token; mark; as, the footsteps of divine wisdom.

How on the faltering footsteps of decay Youth presses. Bryant.

2. An inclined plane under a hand printing press.

Footstone

Foot"stone` (?; 110), n. The stone at the foot of a grave; -- opposed to headstone.

Footstool

Foot"stool` (?), n. A low stool to support the feet of one when sitting.

Footway

Foot"way` (?), n. A passage for pedestrians only.

Footworn

Foot"worn` (?), a. Worn by, or weared in, the feet; as, a footworn path; a footworn traveler.

Footy

Foot"y (?), a.

1. Having foots, or settlings; as, footy oil, molasses, etc. [Eng.]

2. Poor; mean. [Prov. Eng.] C. Kingsley.

Fop

Fop (?), n. [OE. foppe, fop, fool; cf. E. fob to cheat, G. foppen to make a fool of one, jeer, D. foppen.] One whose ambition it is to gain admiration by showy dress; a coxcomb; an inferior dandy.

Fop-doodle

Fop"-doo`dle (?), n. A stupid or insignaficant fellow; a fool; a simpleton. [R.] Hudibras.

Fopling

Fop"ling (?), n. A petty fop. Landor.

Foppery

Fop"per*y (?), n.; pl. Fopperies (#). [From Fop.]

1. The behavior, dress, or other indication of a fop; coxcombry; affectation of show; showy folly.

2. Folly; foolery.

Let not the sound of shallow foppery enter My sober house. Shak.

Foppish

Fop"pish (?), a. Foplike; characteristic of a top in dress or manners; making an ostentatious display of gay clothing; affected in manners. Syn. -- Finical; spruce; dandyish. See Finical. -- Fop"pish*ly, adv. -- Fop"pish*ness, n.

For-

For- (. [AS. for-; akin to D. & G. ver-, OHG. fir-, Icel. for-, Goth. fra-, cf. Skr. par\'be- away, Gr. far, adj. Cf. Fret to rub.] A prefix to verbs, having usually the force of a negative or privative. It often implies also loss, detriment, or destruction, and sometimes it is intensive, meaning utterly, quite thoroughly, as in forbathe.

For

For (?), prep. [AS. for, fore; akin to OS. for, fora, furi, D. voor, OHG. fora, G. vor, OHG. furi, G. f\'81r, Icel. fyrir, Sw. f\'94r, Dan. for, adv. f\'94r, Goth. fa\'a3r, fa\'a3ra, L. pro, Gr. pra-. &root; 202. Cf. Fore, First, Foremost, Forth, Pro-.] In the most general sense, indicating that in consideration of, in view of, or with reference to, which anything is done or takes place.

1. Indicating the antecedent cause or occasion of an action; the motive or inducement accompanying and prompting to an act or state; the reason of anything; that on account of which a thing is or is done.

With fiery eyes sparkling for very wrath. Shak.
How to choose dogs for scent or speed. Waller.
Now, for so many glorious actions done, For peace at home, and for the public wealth, I mean to crown a bowl for C\'91sar's health. Dryden.
That which we, for our unworthiness, are afraid to crave, our prayer is, that God, for the worthiness of his Son, would, notwithstanding, vouchsafe to grant. Hooker.

2. Indicating the remoter and indirect object of an act; the end or final cause with reference to which anything is, acts, serves, or is done.

The oak for nothing ill, The osier good for twigs, the poplar for the mill. Spenser.
It was young counsel for the persons, and violent counsel for the matters. Bacon.
Shall I think the worls was made for one, And men are born for kings, as beasts for men, Not for protection, but to be devoured? Dryden.
For he writes not for money, nor for praise. Denham.

3. Indicating that in favor of which, or in promoting which, anything is, or is done; hence, in behalf of; in favor of; on the side of; -- opposed to against.

We can do nothing against the truth, but for the truth. 2 Cor. xiii. 8.
It is for the general good of human society, and consequently of particular persons, to be true and just; and it is for men's health to be temperate. Tillotson.
Aristotle is for poetical justice. Dennis.

4. Indicating that toward which the action of anything is directed, or the point toward which motion is made;

We sailed from Peru for China and Japan. Bacon.

5. Indicating that on place of or instead of which anything acts or serves, or that to which a substitute, an equivalent, a compensation, or the like, is offered or made; instead of, or place of.

And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot. Ex. xxi. 23, 24.

6. Indicating that in the character of or as being which anything is regarded or treated; to be, or as being.

We take a falling meteor for a star. Cowley.
If a man can be fully assured of anything for a truth, without having examined, what is there that he may not embrace for truLocke.
Most of our ingenious young men take up some cried-up English poet for their model. Dryden.
But let her go for an ungrateful woman. Philips.

7. Indicating that instead of which something else controls in the performing of an action, or that in spite of which anything is done, occurs, or is; hence, equivalent to notwithstanding, in spite of; -- generally followed by all, aught, anything, etc.

The writer will do what she please for all me. Spectator.
God's desertion shall, for aught he knows, the next minute supervene. Dr. H. More.
For anything that legally appears to the contrary, it may be a contrivance to fright us. Swift.

8. Indicating the space or time through which an action or state extends; hence, during; in or through the space or time of.

For many miles about There 's scarce a bush. Shak.
Since, hired for life, thy servile muse sing. prior.
To guide the sun's bright chariot for a day. Garth.

9. Indicating that in prevention of which, or through fear of which, anything is done. [Obs.]

We 'll have a bib, for spoiling of thy doublet. Beau. & Fl.
For, ∨ As for, so far as concerns; as regards; with reference to; -- used parenthetically or independently. See under As.
As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord. Josh. xxiv. 15.
For me, my stormy voyage at an end, I to the port of death securely tend. Dryden.
-- For all that, notwithstanding; in spite of. -- For all the world, wholly; exactly. "Whose posy was, for all the world, like cutlers' poetry." Shak. -- For as much as, ∨ Forasmuch as, in consideration that; seeing that; since. -- For by. See Forby, adv. -- For ever, eternally; at all times. See Forever. -- For me, ∨ For all me, as far as regards me. -- For my life, ∨ For the life of me, if my life depended on it. [Colloq.] T. Hook. -- For that, For the reason that, because; since. [Obs.] "For that I love your daughter." Shak. -- For thy, ∨ Forthy [AS. for, for this; on this account. [Obs.] "Thomalin, have no care for thy." Spenser. -- For to, as sign of infinitive, in order to; to the end of. [Obs., except as sometimes heard in illiterate speech.] -- "What went ye out for to see?" Luke vii. 25. See To, prep., 4. -- O for, would that I had; may there be granted; -- elliptically expressing desire or prayer. "O for a muse of fire." Shak. -- Were it not for, ∨ If it were not for, leaving out of account; but for the presence or action of. "Moral consideration can no way move the sensible appetite, were it not for the will." Sir M. Hale.

For

For (?), conj.

1. Because; by reason that; for that; indicating, in Old English, the reason of anything.

And for of long that way had walk\'82d none, The vault was hid with plants and bushes hoar. Fairfax.
And Heaven defend your good souls, that you think I will your serious and great business scant, For she with me. Shak.

2. Since; because; introducing a reason of something before advanced, a cause, motive, explanation, justification, or the like, of an action related or a statement made. It is logically nearly equivalent to since, or because, but connects less closely, and is sometimes used as a very general introduction to something suggested by what has gone before.

Give thanks unto the Lord; for he is good; for his mercy endureth forever. Ps. cxxxvi. 1.
Heaven doth with us as we with torches do, Not light them for themselves; for if our virtues Did not go forth of us, 't were all alike As if we had them not. Shak.
For because, because. [Obs.] "Nor for because they set less store by their own citizens." Robynson (More's Utopia). -- For why. (a) Why; for that reason; wherefore. [Obs.] (b) Because. [Obs.] See Forwhy. Syn. -- See Because.

For

For, n. One who takes, or that which is said on, the affrimative side; that which is said in favor of some one or something; -- the antithesis of against, and commonly used in connection with it. The fors and against. those in favor and those opposed; the pros and the cons; the advantages and the disadvantages. Jane Austen.

Forage

For"age (?; 48), n. [OF. fourage, F. fourrage, fr. forre, fuerre, fodder, straw, F. feurre, fr. LL. foderum, fodrum, of German or Scand, origin; cf. OHG. fuotar, G. futter. See Fodder food, and cf. Foray.]

1. The act of foraging; search for provisions, etc.

He [the lion] from forage will incline to play. Shak.
One way a band select from forage drives A herd of beeves, fair oxen and fair kine. Milton.
Mawhood completed his forage unmolested. Marshall.

2. Food of any kind for animals, especially for horses and cattle, as grass, pasture, hay, corn, oats. Dryden. Forage cap. See under Cap. -- Forage master (Mil.), a person charged with providing forage and the means of transporting it. Farrow.

Forage

For"age, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Foraged ; p. pr. & vb. n. Foraging (?).] To wander or rove in search of food; to collect food, esp. forage, for horses and cattle by feeding on or stripping the country; to ravage; to feed on spoil.
His most mighty father on a hill Stood smiling to behold his lion's whelp Forage in blood of French nobility. Shak.
Foraging ant (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of ants of the genus Eciton, very abundant in tropical America, remarkable for marching in vast armies in search of food. -- Foraging cap, a forage cap. -- Foraging party, a party sent out after forage.

Forage

For"age (?), v. t. To strip of provisions; to supply with forage; as, to forage steeds. Pope.

Forager

For"a*ger (?), n. One who forages.

Foralite

For"a*lite (?), n. [L. forare to bore + -lite.] (Geol.) A tubelike marking, occuring in sandstone and other strata.

Foramen

Fo*ra"men (?), n.; pl. L. Foramina (#), E. Foramines (#). [L., fr. forare to bore, pierce.] A small opening, perforation, or orifice; a fenestra. Foramen of Monro (Anat.), the opening from each lateral into the third ventricle of the brain. -- Foramen of Winslow (Anat.), the opening connecting the sac of the omentum with the general cavity of the peritoneum.

Foraminated

Fo*ram"i*na`ted (?), a. [L. foraminatus.] Having small opening, or foramina.

Foraminifer

For`a*min"i*fer (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the foraminifera.

Foraminifera

Fo*ram`i*nif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. foramen, -aminis, a foramen + ferre to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive order of rhizopods which generally have a chambered calcareous shell formed by several united zooids. Many of them have perforated walls, whence the name. Some species are covered with sand. See Rhizophoda.

Foraminiferous

Fo*ram`i*nif"er*ous (?), a.

1. Having small openings, or foramina.

2. Pertaining to, or composed of, Foraminifera; as, foraminiferous mud.

Foraminous

Fo*ram"i*nous (?), a. [L. foraminosus.] Having foramina; full of holes; porous. Bacon.

Forasmuch

For`as*much" (?), comj. In consideration that; seeing that; since; because that; -- followed by as. See under For, prep.

Foray

For"ay (?; 277), n. [Another form of forahe. Cf. Forray.] A sudden or irregular incursion in border warfare; hence, any irregular incursion for war or spoils; a raid. Spenser.
The huge Earl Doorm, . . . Bound on a foray, rolling eyes of prey. Tennyson.

Foray

For"ay, v. t. To pillage; to ravage.
He might foray our lands. Sir W. Scott.

Forayer

For"ay*er (? ∨ ?), n. One who makes or joins in a foray.
They might not choose the lowand road, For the Merse forayers were abroad. Sir W. Scott.

Forbade

For*bade" (?), imp. of Forbid.

Forbathe

For*bathe", v. t. To bathe. [Obs.]

Forbear

For*bear" (?), n. [See Fore, and Bear to produce.] An ancestor; a forefather; -- usually in the plural. [Scot.] "Your forbears of old." Sir W. Scott.

Forbear

For*bear" (?), v. i. [imp. Forbore (?) (Forbare (, [Obs.]); p. p. Forborne (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forbearing.] [OE. forberen, AS. forberan; pref. for- + beran to bear. See Bear to support.]

1. To refrain from proceeding; to pause; to delay.

Shall I go against Ramoth-gilead to battle, or shall I forbear? 1 Kinds xxii. 6.

2. To refuse; to decline; to give no heed.

Thou shalt speak my words unto them, whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear. Ezek. ii. 7.

3. To control one's self when provoked.

The kindest and the happiest pair Will find occasion to forbear. Cowper.
Both bear and forbear. Old Proverb.

Forbear

For*bear", v. t.

1. To keep away from; to avoid; to abstain from; to give up; as, to forbear the use of a word of doubdtful propriety.

But let me that plunder forbear. Shenstone.
The King In open battle or the tilting field Forbore his own advantage. Tennyson.

2. To treat with consideration or indulgence.

Forbearing one another in love. Eph. iv. 2.

3. To cease from bearing. [Obs.]

Whenas my womb her burden would forbear. Spenser.

Forbearance

For*bear"ance (?), n. The act of forbearing or waiting; the exercise of patience.
He soon shall findForbearance no acquittance ere day end. Milton.

2. The quality of being forbearing; indulgence toward offenders or enemies; long-suffering.

Have a continent forbearance, till the speed of his rage goeShak.
Syn. -- Abstinence; refraining; lenity; mildness.

Forbearant

For*bear"ant (?), a. Forbearing. [R.] Carlyle.

Forbearer

For*bear"er (?), n. One who forbears. Tusser.

Forbearing

For*bear"ing, a. Disposed or accustomed to forbear; patient; long-suffering. -- For*bear"ing*ly, adv.
Page 582

Forbid

For*bid", v. t. [imp. Forbade (?); p. p. Forbidden (?) (Forbid, [Obs.]); p. pr. & vb. n. Forbidding (?).] [OE. forbeden, AS. forbe\'a2dan; pref. for- + be\'a2dan to bid; akin to D. verbieden, G. verbieten, Icel., fyrirbj&omac;&edh;a, forbo&edh;a, Sw. f\'94rbjuda, Dan. forbyde. See Bid, v. t.]

1. To command against, or contrary to; to prohibit; to interdict.

More than I have said . . . The leisure and enforcement of the time Forbids to dwell upon. Shak.

2. To deny, exclude from, or warn off, by express command; to command not to enter.

Have I not forbid her my house? Shak.

3. To oppose, hinder, or prevent, as if by an effectual command; as, an impassable river forbids the approach of the army.

A blaze of glory that forbids the sight. Dryden.

4. To accurse; to blast. [Obs.]

He shall live a man forbid. Shak.

5. To defy; to challenge. [Obs.] L. Andrews. Syn. -- To prohibit; interdict; hinder; preclude; withold; restrain; prevent. See Prohibit.

Forbid

For*bid" (?), v. i. To utter a prohibition; to prevent; to hinder. "I did not or forbid." Milton.

Forbiddance

For*bid"dance (?), n. The act of forbidding; prohibition; command or edict against a thing. [Obs.]
ow hast thou yield to transgress The strict forbiddance. Milton.

Forbidden

For*bid"den (?), a. Prohibited; interdicted.
I kniw no spells, use no forbidden arts. Milton.
Forbidden fruit. (a) Any coveted unlawful pleasure, -- so called with reference to the forbidden fruit of the Garden of Eden. (b) (Bot.) A small variety of shaddock (Citrus decumana). The name is given in different places to several varieties of Citrus fruits.

Forbiddenly

For*bid"den*ly, adv. In a forbidden or unlawful manner. Shak.

Forbidder

For*bid"der (?), n. One who forbids. Milton.

Forbidding

For*bid"ding (?), a. Repelling approach; repulsive; raising abhorrence, aversion, or dislike; disagreeable; prohibiting or interdicting; as, a forbidding aspect; a forbidding formality; a forbidding air. Syn. -- Disagreeable; unpleasant; displeasing; offensive; repulsive; odious; abhorrent. -- For*bid"ding*ly, adv. -- For*bid"ding*ness, n.

Forblack

For*black" (?), a. Very black. [Obs.]
As any raven's feathers it shone forblack. Chaucer.

Forboden

For*bo"den (?), obs. p. p. of Forbid. Chaucer.

Forbore

For*bore" (?), imp. of Forbear.

Forborne

For*borne" (?), p. p. of Forbear.

Forbruise

For*bruise" (?), v. t. To bruise sorely or exceedingly. [Obs.]
All forbrosed, both back and side. Chaucer.

Forby

For*by" (?), adv. & prep. [See Foreby.] Near; hard by; along; past. [Obs.]
To tell her if her child went ought forby. Chaucer.
To the intent that ships may pass along forby all the sides of the city without let. Robynson (More's Utopia).

Forcarve

For*carve" (?), v. t. To cut completely; to cut off. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Force

Force (?), v. t. [See Farce to stuff.] To stuff; to lard; to farce. [R.]
Wit larded with malice, and malice forced with wit. Shak.

Force

Force, n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. fors, foss, Dan. fos.] A waterfall; a cascade. [Prov. Eng.]
To see the falls for force of the river Kent. T. Gray.

Force

Force, n. [F. force, LL. forcia, fortia, fr. L. fortis strong. See Fort, n.]

1. Strength or energy of body or mind; active power; vigor; might; often, an unusual degree of strength or energy; capacity of exercising an influence or producing an effect; especially, power to persuade, or convince, or impose obligation; pertinency; validity; special signification; as, the force of an appeal, an argument, a contract, or a term.

He was, in the full force of the words, a good man. Macaulay.

2. Power exerted against will or consent; compulsory power; violence; coercion.

Which now they hold by force, and not by right. Shak.

3. Strength or power war; hence, a body of land or naval combatants, with their appurtenances, ready for action; -- an armament; troops; warlike array; -- often in the plural; hence, a body of men prepared for action in other ways; as, the laboring force of a plantation.

Is Lucius general of the forces? Shak.

4. (Law) (a) Strength or power exercised without law, or contrary to law, upon persons or things; violence. (b) Validity; efficacy. Burrill.

5. (Physics) Any action between two bodies which changes, or tends to change, their relative condition as to rest or motion; or, more generally, which changes, or tends to change, any physical relation between them, whether mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic, or of any other kind; as, the force of gravity; cohesive force; centrifugal force. Animal force (Physiol.), muscular force or energy. -- Catabiotic force [Gr. (Biol.), the influence exerted by living structures on adjoining cells, by which the latter are developed in harmony with the primary structures. -- Centrifugal force, Centripetal force, Coercive force, etc. See under Centrifugal, Centripetal, etc. -- Composition of forces, Correlation of forces, etc. See under Composition, Correlation, etc. -- Force and arms [trans. of L. vi et armis] (Law), an expression in old indictments, signifying violence. -- In force, ∨ Of force, of unimpaired efficacy; valid; of full virtue; not suspended or reversed. "A testament is of force after men are dead." Heb. ix. 17. -- Metabolic force (Physiol.), the influence which causes and controls the metabolism of the body. -- No force, no matter of urgency or consequence; no account; hence, to do no force, to make no account of; not to heed. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Of force, of necessity; unavoidably; imperatively. "Good reasons must, of force, give place to better." Shak. -- Plastic force (Physiol.), the force which presumably acts in the growth and repair of the tissues. -- Vital force (Physiol.), that force or power which is inherent in organization; that form of energy which is the cause of the vital phenomena of the body, as distinguished from the physical forces generally known. Syn. -- Strength; vigor; might; energy; stress; vehemence; violence; compulsion; coaction; constraint; coercion. -- Force, Strength. Strength looks rather to power as an inward capability or energy. Thus we speak of the strength of timber, bodily strength, mental strength, strength of emotion, etc. Force, on the other hand, looks more to the outward; as, the force of gravitation, force of circumstances, force of habit, etc. We do, indeed, speak of strength of will and force of will; but even here the former may lean toward the internal tenacity of purpose, and the latter toward the outward expression of it in action. But, though the two words do in a few cases touch thus closely on each other, there is, on the whole, a marked distinction in our use of force and strength. "Force is the name given, in mechanical science, to whatever produces, or can produce, motion." Nichol.

Thy tears are of no force to mollify This flinty man. Heywood.
More huge in strength than wise in works he was. Spenser.
Adam and first matron Eve Had ended now their orisons, and found Strength added from above, new hope to spring Out of despair. Milton.

Force

Force (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forcing (?).] [OF. forcier, F. forcer, fr. LL. forciare, fortiare. See Force, n.]

1. To constrain to do or to forbear, by the exertion of a power not resistible; to compel by physical, moral, or intellectual means; to coerce; as, masters force slaves to labor.

2. To compel, as by strength of evidence; as, to force conviction on the mind.

3. To do violence to; to overpower, or to compel by violence to one;s will; especially, to ravish; to violate; to commit rape upon.

To force their monarch and insult the court. Dryden.
I should have forced thee soon wish other arms. Milton.
To force a spotless virgin's chastity. Shak.

4. To obtain or win by strength; to take by violence or struggle; specifically, to capture by assault; to storm, as a fortress.

5. To impel, drive, wrest, extort, get, etc., by main strength or violence; -- with a following adverb, as along, away, from, into, through, out, etc.

It stuck so fast, so deeply buried lay That scarce the victor forced the steel away. Dryden.
To force the tyrant from his seat by war. Sahk.
Ethelbert ordered that none should be forced into religion. Fuller.

6. To put in force; to cause to be executed; to make binding; to enforce. [Obs.]

What can the church force more? J. Webster.

7. To exert to the utmost; to urge; hence, to strain; to urge to excessive, unnatural, or untimely action; to produce by unnatural effort; as, to force a consient or metaphor; to force a laugh; to force fruits.

High on a mounting wave my head I bore, Forcing my strength, and gathering to the shore. Dryden.

8. (Whist) To compel (an adversary or partner) to trump a trick by leading a suit of which he has none.

9. To provide with forces; to re\'89nforce; to strengthen by soldiers; to man; to garrison. [Obs.] Shak.

10. To allow the force of; to value; to care for. [Obs.]

For me, I force not argument a straw. Shak.
Syn. -- To compel; constrain; oblige; necessitate; coerce; drive; press; impel.

Force

Force, v. i. [Obs. in all the senses.]

1. To use violence; to make violent effort; to strive; to endeavor.

Forcing with gifts to win his wanton heart. Spenser.

2. To make a difficult matter of anything; to labor; to hesitate; hence, to force of, to make much account of; to regard.

Your oath once broke, you force not to forswear. Shak.
I force not of such fooleries. Camden.

3. To be of force, importance, or weight; to matter.

It is not sufficient to have attained the name and dignity of a shepherd, not forcing how. Udall.

Forced

Forced (?), a. Done or produced with force or great labor, or by extraordinary exertion; hurried; strained; produced by unnatural effort or pressure; as, a forced style; a forced laugh. Forced draught. See under Draught. -- Forced march (Mil.), a march of one or more days made with all possible speed. -- For"ced*ly (#), adv. -- For"ced*ness, n.

Forceful

Force"ful (?), a. Full of or processing force; exerting force; mighty. -- Force"ful*ly, adv.
Against the steed he threw His forceful spear. Dryden.

Forceless

Force"less, a. Having little or no force; feeble.
These forceless flowers like sturdy trees support me. Shak.

Forcemeat

Force"meat` (?), n. [Corrupt. for farce-meat, fr. F. farce stuffing. See Farce, n.] (Cookery) Meat chopped fine and highly seasoned, either served up alone, or used as a stuffing. [Written also forced meat.]

Forcement

Force"ment (?), n. The act of forcing; compulsion. [Obs.]
It was imposed upon us by constraint; And will you count such forcement treachery? J. Webster.

Forceps

For"ceps (?), n. [L. forceps, -cipis, from the root of formus Hot + capere to take; akin to E. heave. Cf. Furnace.]

1. A pair of pinchers, or tongs; an instrument for grasping, holding firmly, or exerting traction upon, bodies which it would be inconvenient or impracticable to seize with the fingers, especially one for delicate operations, as those of watchmakers, surgeons, accoucheurs, dentists, etc.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The caudal forceps-shaped appendage of earwigs and some other insects. See Earwig. Dressing forceps. See under Dressing.

Force pump

Force" pump` (?). (Mach.) (a) A pump having a solid piston, or plunger, for drawing and forcing a liquid, as water, through the valves; in distinction from a pump having a bucket, or valved piston. (b) A pump adapted for delivering water at a considerable height above the pump, or under a considerable pressure; in distinction from one which lifts the water only to the top of the pump or delivers it through a spout. See Illust. of Plunger pump, under Plunger.

Forcer

For"cer (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, forces or drives.

2. (Mech.) (a) The solid piston of a force pump; the instrument by which water is forced in a pump. (b) A small hand pump for sinking pits, draining cellars, etc.

Forcible

For"ci*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. forcible forcible, forceable that may be forced.]

1. Possessing force; characterized by force, efficiency, or energy; powerful; efficacious; impressive; influential.

How forcible are right words! Job. vi. 2
Sweet smells are most forcible in dry substances, when broken. Bacon.
But I have reasons strong and forcible. Shak.
That punishment which hath been sometimes forcible to bridle sin. Hooker.
He is at once elegant and sublime, forcible and ornamented. Lowth (Transl. )

2. Violent; impetuous.

Like mingled streams, more forcible when joined. Prior.

3. Using force against opposition or resistance; obtained by compulsion; effected by force; as, forcible entry or abduction.

In embraces of King James . . . forcible and unjust. Swift.
Forcible entry and detainer (Law), the entering upon and taking and withholding of land and tenements by actual force and violence, and with a strong hand, to the hindrance of the person having the right to enter. Syn. -- Violent; powerful; strong; energetic; mighty; potent; weighty; impressive; cogent; influential.

Forcible-feeble

For"ci*ble-fee`ble (?), a. [From Feeble, a character in the Second Part of Shakespeare's "King Henry IV.," to whom Falstaff derisively applies the epithet "forcible."] Seemingly vigorous, but really weak or insipid.
He [Prof. Ayton] would purge his book of much offensive matter, if he struck out epithets which are in the bad taste of the forcible-feeble school. N. Brit. Review.

Forcibleness

For"ci*ble*ness, n. The quality of being forcible.

Forcibly

For"ci*bly, adv. In a forcible manner.

Forcing

For"cing (?), n.

1. The accomplishing of any purpose violently, precipitately, prematurely, or with unusual expedition.

2. (Gardening) The art of raising plants, flowers, and fruits at an earlier season than the natural one, as in a hitbed or by the use of artificial heat. Forcing bed ∨ pit, a plant bed having an under layer of fermenting manure, the fermentation yielding bottom heat for forcing plants; a hotbed. -- Forcing engine, a fire engine. -- Forcing fit (Mech.), a tight fit, as of one part into a hole in another part, which makes it necessary to use considerable force in putting the two parts together. -- Forcing house, a greenhouse for the forcing of plants, fruit trees, etc. -- Forcing machine, a powerful press for putting together or separating two parts that are fitted tightly one into another, as for forcing a crank on a shaft, or for drawing off a car wheel from the axle. -- Forcing pump. See Force pump (b).

Forcipal

For"ci*pal (?), a. Forked or branched like a pair of forceps; constructed so as to open and shut like a pair of forceps. Sir T. Browne.

Forcipate, Forcipated

For"ci*pate (?), For"ci*pa`ted (?), a. Like a pair of forceps; as, a forcipated mouth.

Forcipation

For`ci*pa"tion (?), n. Torture by pinching with forceps or pinchers. Bacon.

Forcut

For*cut" (?), v. t. To cut completely; to cut off. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ford

Ford (?), n. [AS. ford; akin to G. furt, Icel. f bay, and to E. fare. Fare, v. i., and cf. Frith arm of the sea.]

1. A place in a river, or other water, where it may passed by man or beast on foot, by wading.

He swam the Esk river where ford there was none. Sir W. Scott.

2. A stream; a current.

With water of the ford Or of the clouds. Spenser.
Permit my ghost to pass the Stygford. Dryden.

Ford

Ford, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forded; p. pr. & vb. n. Fording.] To pass or cross, as a river or other water, by wading; to wade through.
His last section, which is no deep one, remains only to be forted. Milton.

Fordable

Ford"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being forded. -- Ford"a*ble*ness, n.

Fordless

Ford"less, a. Without a ford.
A deep and fordless river. Mallock.

Fordo

For*do" (?), v. t. [OE. fordon, AS. ford; pref. for- + d to do. See For-, and Do, v. i.]

1. To destroy; to undo; to ruin. [Obs.]

This is the night That either makes me or fordoes me quite. Shak.

2. To overcome with fatigue; to exhaust. M. Arnold.

All with weary task fordone. Shak.

Fordone

For*done" (?), a. [See Fordo.] Undone; ruined. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fordrive

For*drive" (?), v. t. To drive about; to drive here and there. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Fordrunken

For*drunk"en (?), a. Utterly drunk; very drunk. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fordry

For*dry" (?), a. Entirely dry; withered. [Obs.] "A tree fordry." Chaucer.

Fordwine

For*dwine" (?), v. i. To dwindle away; to disappear. [Obs.] Rom of R.

Fore

Fore, n. [AS. f, fr. faran to go. See Fare, v. i.] Journey; way; method of proceeding. [Obs.] "Follow him and his fore." Chaucer.
Page 583

Fore

Fore, adv. [AS. fore, adv. & prep., another form of for. See For, and cf. Former, Foremost.]

1. In the part that precedes or goes first; -- opposed to aft, after, back, behind, etc.

2. Formerly; previously; afore. [Obs. or Colloq.]

The eyes, fore duteous, now converted are. Shak.

3. (Naut.) In or towards the bows of a ship. Fore and aft (Naut.), from stem to stern; lengthwise of the vessel; -- in distinction from athwart. R. H. Dana, Jr. -- Fore-and-aft rigged (Naut.), not rigged with square sails attached to yards, but with sails bent to gaffs or set on stays in the midship line of the vessel. See Schooner, Sloop, Cutter.

Fore

Fore (?), a. [See Fore, advv.] Advanced, as compared with something else; toward the front; being or coming first, in time, place, order, or importance; preceding; anterior; antecedent; earlier; forward; -- opposed to back or behind; as, the fore part of a garment; the fore part of the day; the fore and of a wagon.
The free will of the subject is preserved, while it is directed by the fore purpose of the state. Southey.
&hand; Fore is much used adjectively or in composition. Fore bay, a reservoir or canal between a mill race and a water wheel; the discharging end of a pond or mill race. -- Fore body (Shipbuilding), the part of a ship forward of the largest cross-section, distinguisched from middle body abd after body. -- Fore boot, a receptacle in the front of a vehicle, for stowing baggage, etc. -- Fore bow, the pommel of a saddle. Knight. -- Fore cabin, a cabin in the fore part of a ship, usually with inferior accommodations. -- Fore carriage. (a) The forward part of the running gear of a four-wheeled vehicle. (b) A small carriage at the front end of a plow beam. -- Fore course (Naut.), the lowermost sail on the foremost of a square-rigged vessel; the foresail. See Illust. under Sail. -- Fore door. Same as Front door. -- Fore edge, the front edge of a book or folded sheet, etc. -- Fore elder, an ancestor. [Prov. Eng.] -- Fore end. (a) The end which precedes; the earlier, or the nearer, part; the beginning.
I have . . . paid More pious debts to heaven, than in all The fore end of my time. Shak.
(b) In firearms, the wooden stock under the barrel, forward of the trigger guard, or breech frame. -- Fore girth, a girth for the fore part (of a horse, etc.); a martingale. -- Fore hammer, a sledge hammer, working alternately, or in time, with the hand hammer. -- Fore leg, one of the front legs of a quadruped, or multiped, or of a chair, settee, etc. -- Fore peak (Naut.), the angle within a ship's bows; the portion of the hold which is farthest forward. -- Fore piece, a front piece, as the flap in the fore part of a sidesaddle, to guard the rider's dress. -- Fore plane, a carpenter's plane, in size and use between a jack plane and a smoothing plane. Knight. -- Fore reading, previous perusal. [Obs.] Hales. -- Fore rent, in Scotland, rent payable before a crop is gathered. -- Fore sheets (Naut.), the forward portion of a rowboat; the space beyond the front thwart. See Stern sheets. -- Fore shore. (a) A bank in advance of a sea wall, to break the force of the surf. (b) The seaward projecting, slightly inclined portion of a breakwater. Knight. (c) The part of the shore between high and low water marks. -- Fore sight, that one of the two sights of a gun which is near the muzzle. -- Fore tackle (Naut.), the tackle on the foremast of a ship. -- Fore topmast. (Naut.) See Fore-topmast, in the Vocabulary. -- Fore wind, a favorable wind. [Obs.]
Sailed on smooth seas, by fore winds borne. Sandys.
-- Fore world, the antediluvian world. [R.] Southey.

Fore

Fore, n. The front; hence, that which is in front; the future. At the fore (Naut.), at the fore royal masthead; -- said of a flag, so raised as a signal for sailing, etc. -- To the fore. (a) In advance; to the front; to a prominent position; in plain sight; in readiness for use. (b) In existence; alive; not worn out, lost, or spent, as money, etc. [Irish] "While I am to the fore." W. Collins. "How many captains in the regiment had two thousand pounds to the fore?" Thackeray.

Fore

Fore, prep. Before; -- sometimes written 'fore as if a contraction of afore or before. [Obs.]

Foreadmonish

Fore`ad*mon"ish (?), v. t. To admonish beforehand, or before the act or event. Bp. Hall.

Foreadvise

Fore`ad*vise" (?), v. t. To advise or counsel before the time of action, or before the event. Shak.

Foreallege

Fore`al*lege" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forealleged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forealleging (?).] To allege or cite before. Fotherby.

Foreappoint

Fore`ap*point" (?), v. t. To set, order, or appoint, beforehand. Sherwood.

Foreappointment

Fore`ap*point"ment (?), n. Previous appointment; preordinantion. Sherwood.

Forearm

Fore*arm" (?), v. t. To arm or prepare for attack or resistance before the time of need. South.

Forearm

Fore"arm` (?), n. (Anat.) That part of the arm or fore limb between the elbow and wrist; the antibrachium.

Forebeam

Fore"beam` (?), n. The breast beam of a loom.

Forebear

Fore*bear" (?), n. An ancestor. See Forbear.

Forebode

Fore*bode" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foreboded; p. pr. & vb. n. Foreboding.] [AS. forebodian; fore + bodian to announce. See Bode v. t.]

1. To foretell.

2. To be prescient of (some ill or misfortune); to have an inward conviction of, as of a calamity which is about to happen; to augur despondingly.

His heart forebodes a mystery. Tennyson.
Sullen, desponding, and foreboding nothing but wars and desolation, as the certain consequence of C\'91sar's death. Middleton.
I have a sort of foreboding about him. H. James.
Syn. -- To foretell; predict; prognosticate; augur; presage; portend; betoken.

Forebode

Fore*bode", v. i. To fortell; to presage; to augur.
If I forebode aright. Hawthorne.

Forebode

Fore*bode", n. Prognostication; presage. [Obs.]

Forebodement

Fore*bode"ment (?), n. The act of foreboding; the thing foreboded.

Foreboder

Fore*bod"er (?), n. One who forebodes.

Foreboding

Fore*bod"ing, n. Presage of coming ill; expectation of misfortune.

Forebodingly

Fore*bod"ing*ly, adv. In a foreboding manner.

Forebrace

Fore"brace` (?), n. (Naut.) A rope applied to the fore yardarm, to change the position of the foresail.

Forebrain

Fore"brain` (?), n. (Anat.) The anterior of the three principal divisions of the brain, including the prosencephalon and thalamencephalon. Sometimes restricted to the prosencephalon only. See Brain.

Foreby

Fore*by" (?), prep. [Fore + by.] Near; hard by; along; past. See Forby. Spenser.

Forecast

Fore*cast" (?), v. t.

1. To plan beforehand; to scheme; to project.

He shall forecast his devices against the strongholds. Dan. xi. 24.

2. To foresee; to calculate beforehand, so as to provide for.

It is wisdom to consider the end of things before we embark, and to forecast consequences. L'Estrange.

Forecast

Fore*cast", v. i. To contrive or plan beforehand.
If it happen as I did forecast. Milton.

Forecast

Fore"cast (?), n. Previous contrivance or determination; predetermination.
He makes this difference to arise from the forecast and predetermination of the gods themselves. Addison.

2. Foresight of consequences, and provision against them; prevision; premeditation.

His calm, deliberate forecast better fitted him for the council than the camp. Prescott.

Forecaster

Fore*cast"er (?), n. One who forecast. Johnson.

Forecastle

Fore"cas`tle (?; sailors say , n. (Naut.) (a) A short upper deck forward, formerly raised like a castle, to command an enemy's decks. (b) That part of the upper deck of a vessel forward of the foremast, or of the after part of the fore channels. (c) In merchant vessels, the forward part of the vessel, under the deck, where the sailors live.

Forechosen

Fore`cho"sen (?), a. Chosen beforehand.

Forecited

Fore"cit`ed (?), a. Cited or quoted before or above. Arbuthnot.

Foreclose

Fore*close" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foreclosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Foreclosing (?).] [F. forclos, p.p. of forclore to exclude; OF. fors, F. hors, except, outside (fr. L. foris outside) + F. clore to close. See Foreign, and Close, v. t.] To shut up or out; to preclude; to stop; to prevent; to bar; to exclude.
The embargo with Spain foreclosed this trade. Carew.
To foreclose a mortgager (Law), to cut him off by a judgment of court from the power of redeeming the mortgaged premises, termed his equity of redemption. -- To foreclose a mortgage, (not technically correct, but often used to signify) the obtaining a judgment for the payment of an overdue mortgage, and the exposure of the mortgaged property to sale to meet the mortgage debt. Wharton.

Foreclosure

Fore*clo"sure (?; 135), n. The act or process of foreclosing; a proceeding which bars or extinguishes a mortgager's right of redeeming a mortgaged estate.

Foreconceive

Fore`con*ceive" (?), v. t. To preconceive; to imagine beforehand. [Obs.] Bacon.

Foredate

Fore*date" (?), v. t. To date before the true time; to antendate.

Foredeck

Fore"deck` (?), n. (Naut.) The fore part of a deck, or of a ship.

Foredeem

Fore*deem" (?), v. t. To recognize or judge in advance; to forebode. [Obs.] Udall.
Laugh at your misery, as foredeeming you An idle meteor. J. Webster.

Foredeem

Fore*deem", v. i. [Cf. Foredoom.] To know or discover beforehand; to foretell. [Obs.]
Which [maid] could guess and foredeem of things past, present, and to come. Genevan Test.

Foredesign

Fore`de*sign" (? ∨ ?), v. t. To plan beforehand; to intend previously. Cheyne.

Foredetermine

Fore`de*ter"mine (?), v. t. To determine or decree beforehand. Bp. Hopkins.

Foredispose

Fore`dis*pose" (?), v. t. To bestow beforehand. [R.]
King James had by promise foredisposed the place on the Bishop of Meath. Fuller.

Foredoom

Fore*doom" (?), v. t. [Cf. Foredeem.] To doom beforehand; to predestinate.
Thou art foredomed to view the Stygian state. Dryden.

Foredoom

Fore"doom` (?), n. Doom or sentence decreed in advance. "A dread foredoom ringing in the ears of the guilty adult." Southey.

Forefather

Fore"fa`ther (?; 277), n. One who precedes another in the line of genealogy in any degree, but usually in a remote degree; an ancestor.
Respecting your forefathers, you would have been taught to respect yourselves. Burke.
Forefathers' Day, the anniversary of the day (December 21) on which the Pilgrim Fathers landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620). On account of a mistake in reckoning the change from Old Style to New Style, it has generally been celebrated on the 22d.

Forefeel

Fore*feel" (?), v. t. To feel beforehand; to have a presentiment of. [Obs.]
As when, with unwieldy waves, the great sea forefeels winds. Chapman.

Forefence

Fore`fence" (?), n. Defense in front. [Obs.]

Forefend

Fore*fend" (?), v. t. [OE. forfenden; pref. for- + fenden to fend. See Fend, v. t.] To hinder; to fend off; to avert; to prevent the approach of; to forbid or prohibit. See Forfend.
God forefend it should ever be recorded in our history. Landor.
It would be a far better work . . . to forefend the cruelty. I. Taylor.

Forefinger

Fore"fin`ger (?), n. The finger next to the thumb; the index.

Foreflow

Fore*flow" (?), v. t. To flow before. [Obs.]

Forefoot

Fore"foot` (?), n.

1. One of the anterior feet of a quardruped or multiped; -- usually written fore foot.

2. (Shipbuilding) A piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore end, connecting it with the lower end of the stem.

Foreefront

Foree"front` (?), n. Foremost part or place.
Set ye Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle. 2 Sam. xi. 15.
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, standing in the forefront for all time, the masters of those who know. J. C. Shairp.

Foregame

Fore"game` (?), n. A first game; first plan. [Obs.] Whitlock.

Foreganger

Fore"gang`er (?), n. [Prop., a goer before cf. G. voreg\'84nger. See Fore, and Gang.] (Naut.) A short rope grafted on a harpoon, to which a longer lin Totten.

Foregather

Fore*gath"er (?), v. i. Same as Forgather.

Foregift

Fore"gift` (?), n. (Law) A premium paid by

Foregleam

Fore"gleam` (?), n. An antecedent or premonitory gleam; a dawning light.
The foregleams of wisdom. Whittier.

Forego

Fore*go" (?), v. t. [imp. Forewent 2; p. p. Foregone (?; 115); p. pr. & vb. n. Foregoing.] [See Forgo.]

1. To quit; to relinquish; to leave.

Stay at the third cup, or forego the place. Herbert.

2. To relinquish the enjoyment or advantage of; to give up; to resign; to renounce; -- said of a thing already enjoyed, or of one within reach, or anticipated.

All my patrimony,, If need be, I am ready to forego. Milton.
Thy lovers must their promised heaven forego. Keble.
[He] never forewent an opportunity of honest profit. R. L. Stevenson.
&hand; Forgo is the better spelling etymologically, but the word has been confused with Forego, to go before.

Forego

Fore*go", v. t. [AS. foreg\'ben; fore + g\'ben to go; akin to G. vorgehen to go before, precede. See GO, v. i.] To go before; to precede; -- used especially in the present and past participles.
Pleasing remembrance of a thought foregone. Wordsworth.
For which the very mother's face forewent The mother's special patience. Mrs. Browning.
Foregone conclusion, one which has preceded argument or examination; one predetermined.

Foregoer

Fore*go"er (?), n.

1. One who goes before another; a predecessor; hence, an ancestor' a progenitor.

2. A purveyor of the king; -- so called, formerly, from going before to provide for his household. [Obs.]

Foregoer

Fore*go"er, n. [Etymologically forgoer.] One who forbears to enjoy.

Foreground

Fore"ground` (?), n. On a painting, and sometimes in a bas-relief, mosaic picture, or the like, that part of the scene represented, which is nearest to the spectator, and therefore occupies the lowest part of the work of art itself. Cf. Distance, n., 6.

Foreguess

Fore*guess" (?), v. t. To conjecture. [Obs.]

Foregut

Fore"gut` (?), n. (Anat.) The anterior part of the alimentary canal, from the mouth to the intestine, o

Forehand

Fore"hand` (?), n.

1. All that part of a horse which is before the rider. Johnson.

2. The chief or most important part. Shak.

3. Superiority; advantage; start; precedence.

And, but for ceremony, such a wretch . . . Had the forehand and vantage of a king. Shak.

Forehand

Fore"hand`, a. Done beforehand; anticipative.
And so extenuate the forehand sin. Shak.

Forehanded

Fore"hand`ed, a.

1. Early; timely; seasonable. "Forehanded care." Jer. Taylor.

2. Beforehand with one's needs, or having resources in advance of one's necessities; in easy circumstances; as, a forehanded farmer. [U.S.]

3. Formed in the forehand or fore parts.

A substantial, true-bred beast, bravely forehanded. Dryden.

Forehead

Fore"head (?; 277), n.

1. The front of that part of the head which incloses the brain; that part of the face above the eyes; the brow.

2. The aspect or countenance; assurance.

To look with forehead bold and big enough Upon the power and puissance of the king. Shak.

3. The front or fore part of anything.

Flames in the forehead of the morning sky. Milton.
So rich advantage of a promised glory As smiles upon the forehead of this action. Shak.

Forehear

Fore*hear" (?), v. i. & t. To hear beforehand.

Forehearth

Fore"hearth` (?), n. (Metal.) The forward extension of the hearth of a blast furnace under the tymp.

Forehend

Fore*hend" (?), v. t. See Forhend. [Obs.]

Forehew

Fore*hew" (?), v. t. To hew or cut in front. [Obs.] Sackville.

Forehold

Fore"hold` (?), n. (Naut.) The forward part of the hold of a ship.

Foreholding

Fore*hold"ing (?), n. Ominous foreboding; superstitious prognostication. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

Forehook

Fore"hook` (?), n. (Naut.) A piece of timber placed across the stem, to unite the bows and strengthen the fore part of the ship; a breast hook.

Foreign

For"eign (?), a. [OE. forein, F. forain, LL. foraneus, fr. L. foras, foris, out of doors, abroad, without; akin to fores doors, and E. door. See Door, and cf. Foreclose, Forfeit, Forest, Forum.]

1. Outside; extraneous; separated; alien; as, a foreign country; a foreign government. "Foreign worlds." Milton.

2. Not native or belonging to a certain country; born in or belonging to another country, nation, sovereignty, or locality; as, a foreign language; foreign fruits. "Domestic and foreign writers." Atterbury.

Hail, foreign wonder! Whom certain these rough shades did never breed. Milton.

3. Remote; distant; strange; not belonging; not connected; not pertaining or pertient; not appropriate; not harmonious; not agreeable; not congenial; -- with to or from; as, foreign to the purpose; foreign to one's nature.

This design is not foreign from some people's thoughts. Swift.

4. Held at a distance; excluded; exiled. [Obs.]

Kept him a foreign man still; which so grieved him, That he ran mad and died. Shak.
Foreign attachment (Law), a process by which the property of a foreign or absent debtor is attached for the satisfaction of a debt due from him to the plaintiff; an attachment of the goods, effects, or credits of a debtor in the hands of a third person; -- called in some States trustee, in others factorizing, and in others garnishee process. Kent. Tomlins. Cowell. -- Foreign bill, a bill drawn in one country, and payable in another, as distinguished from an inland bill, which is one drawn and payable in the same country. In this latter, as well as in several other points of view, the different States of the United States are foreign to each other. See Exchange, n., 4. Kent. Story. -- Foreign body (Med.), a substance occurring in any part of the body where it does not belong, and usually introduced from without. -- Foreign office, that department of the government of Great Britain which has charge British interests in foreign countries.
Page 584

Syn. -- Outlandish; alien; exotic; remote; distant; extraneous; extrinsic.

Foreigner

For"eign*er (?), n. A person belonging to or owning allegiance to a foreign country; one not native in the country or jurisdiction under consideration, or not naturalized there; an alien; a stranger.
Joy is such a foreigner, So mere a stranger to my thoughts. Denham.
Nor could the majesty of the English crown appear in a greater luster, either to foreigners or subjects. Swift.

Foreignism

For"eign*ism (?), n. Anything peculiar to a foreign language or people; a foreign idiom or custom.
It is a pity to see the technicalities of the so-called liberal professions distigured by foreignisms. Fitzed. Hall.

Foreignness

For"eign*ness, n. The quality of being foreign; remoteness; want of relation or appropriateness.
Let not the foreignness of the subject hinder you from endeavoring to set me right. Locke.
A foreignness of complexion. G. Eliot.

Forein

For"ein (?), a. Foreign. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Forejudge

Fore*judge" (?), v. t. [Fore + judge.] To judge beforehand, or before hearing the facts and proof; to prejudge.

Forejudge

Fore*judge", v. t. [For forjudge, fr. F. forjuger; OF. fors outside, except + F. juger to judge.] (O. Eng. Law) To expel from court for some offense or misconduct, as an attorney or officer; to deprive or put out of a thing by the judgment of a court. Burrill.

Forejudger

Fore*judg"er (?), n. (Eng. Law) A judgment by which one is deprived or put of a right or thing in question.

Forejudgment

Fore*judg"ment (?), n. Prejudgment. [Obs.] Spenser.

Foreknow

Fore*know" (?), v. t. [imp. Foreknew (?); p. p. Foreknown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Foreknowing.] To have previous knowledge of; to know beforehand.
Who would the miseries of man foreknow? Dryden.

Foreknowa-ble

Fore*know"a-ble (?), a. That may be foreknown. Dr. H. More.

Foreknower

Fore*know"er (?), n. One who foreknows.

Foreknowingly

Fore*know"ing*ly, adv. With foreknowledge.
He who . . . foreknowingly loses his life. Jer. Taylor.

Foreknowledge

Fore*knowl"edge (?), n. Knowledge of a thing before it happens, or of whatever is to happen; prescience.
If I foreknew, Foreknowledge had no influence on their fault. Milton.

Forel

For"el (?), n. [OE. forelcase, sheath, OF. forel, fourel, F. fourreau, LL. forellus, fr. OF. forre, fuerre, sheath, case, of German origin; cf. OHG. fuotar, akin to Goth. f\'d3dr; prob. not the same word as E. fodder food. Cf. Fur, Fodder food.] A kind of parchment for book covers. See Forrill.

Forel

For"el, v. t. To bind with a forel. [R.] Fuller.

Foreland

Fore"land` (?), n.

1. A promontory or cape; a headland; as, the North and South Foreland in Kent, England.

2. (Fort.) A piece of ground between the wall of a place and the moat. Farrow.

3. (Hydraul. Engin.) That portion of the natural shore on the outside of the embankment which receives the stock of waves and deadens their force. Knight.

Forelay

Fore*lay" (?), v. t.

1. To lay down beforehand.

These grounds being forelaid and understood. Mede.

2. To waylay. See Forlay. [Obs.]

Foreleader

Fore*lead"er (?), n. One who leads others by his example; aguide.

Forelend

Fore*lend" (?), v. t. See Forlend. [Obs.]
As if that life to losse they had forelent. Spenser.

Forelet

Fore*let" (?), v. t. See Forlet. [Obs.] Holland.

Forelie

Fore*lie" (?), v. i. To lie in front of. [Obs.]
Which forelay Athwart her snowy breast. Spenser.

Forelift

Fore*lift" (?), v. t. To lift up in front. [Obs.]

Forelock

Fore"lock` (?), n.

1. The lock of hair that grows from the forepart of the head.

2. (Mech.) A cotter or split pin, as in a slot in a bolt, to prevent retraction; a linchpin; a pin fastening the cap-square of a gun. Forelock bolt, a bolt retained by a key, gib, or cotter passing through a slot. -- Forelock hook (Rope Making), a winch or whirl by which a bunch of three yarns is twisted into a standard. Knight. -- To take time, ∨ occasion, by the forelock, to make prompt use of anything; not to let slip an opportunity.

Time is painted with a lock before and bald behind, signifying thereby that we must take time by the forelock; for when it is once past, there is no recalling it. Swift.
On occasion's forelock watchful wait. Milton.

Forelook

Fore*look" (?), v. i. To look beforehand or forward. [Obs.] Spenser.

Foreman

Fore"man (?), n.; pl. Foremen (. The first or chief man; as: (a) The chief man of a jury, who acts as their speaker. (b) The chief of a set of hands employed in a shop, or on works of any kind, who superintends the rest; an overseer.

Foremast

Fore"mast` (?), n. (Naut.) The mast nearest the bow. Foremast hand ∨ man (Naut.), a common sailor; also, a man stationed to attend to the gear of the foremast.

Foremeant

Fore*meant" (?), a. Intended beforehand; premeditated. [Obs.] Spenser.

Forementioned

Fore"men`tioned (?), a. Mentioned before; already cited; aforementioned. Addison.

Foremilk

Fore"milk` (?), n. (Physiol.) The milk secreted just before, or directly after, the birth of a child or of the young of an animal; colostrum.

Foremost

Fore"most` (?), a. [OE. formest first, AS. formest, fyrmest, superl. of forma first, which is a superl. fr. fore fore; cf. Goth. frumist, fruma, first. See Fore, adv., and cf. First, Former, Frame, v. t., Prime, a.] First in time or place; most advanced; chief in rank or dignity; as, the foremost troops of an army.
THat struck the foremost man of all this world. Shak.

Foremostly

Fore"most`ly, adv. In the foremost place or order; among the foremost. J. Webster.

Foremother

Fore"moth`er (?), n. A female ancestor.

Forename

Fore"name` (?), n. A name that precedes the family name or surname; a first name. Selden.

Forename

Fore"name`, v. t. To name or mention before. Shak.

Forenamed

Fore"named` (?), a. Named before; aforenamed.

Forenenst

Fore*nenst" (?), prep. [See Fore, and Anent.] Over against; opposite to. [Now dialectic]
The land forenenst the Greekish shore. Fairfax.

Fore-night

Fore"-night` (?), n. The evening between twilight and bedtime. [Scot.]

Forenoon

Fore"noon" (?), n. The early part of the day, from morning to meridian, or noon.

Forenotice

Fore"no`tice (?), n. Notice or information of an event before it happens; forewarning. [R.] Rymer.

Forensal

Fo*ren"sal (?), a. Forensic. [R.]

Forensic

Fo*ren"sic (?), a. [L. forensis, fr. forum a public place, market place. See Forum.] Belonging to courts of judicature or to public discussion and debate; used in legal proceedings, or in public discussions; argumentative; rhetorical; as, forensic eloquence or disputes. Forensic medicine, medical jurisprudence; medicine in its relations to law.

Forensic

Fo*ren"sic, n. (Amer. Colleges) An exercise in debate; a forensic contest; an argumentative thesis.

Forensical

Fo*ren"sic*al (?), a. Forensic. Berkley.

Foreordain

Fore`or*dain" (?), v. t. To ordain or appoint beforehand; to preordain; to predestinate; to predetermine. Hooker.

Foreordinate

Fore*or"di*nate (?), v. t. To foreordain.

Foreordination

Fore*or`di*na"tion (?), n. Previous ordination or appointment; predetermination; predestination.

Fore part, ∨ Forepart

Fore" part` (?), ∨ Fore"part`, n. The part most advanced, or first in time or in place; the beginning.

Forepast

Fore"past` (?), a. Bygone. [Obs.] Shak.

Forepossessed

Fore`pos*sessed" (?), a.

1. Holding or held formerly in possession. [Obs.]

2. Preoccupied; prepossessed; pre\'89ngaged. [Obs.]

Not extremely forepossessed with prejudice. Bp. Sanderson.

Foreprize

Fore*prize" (?), v. t. To prize or rate beforehand. [Obs.] Hooker.

Forepromised

Fore`prom"ised (?), a. Promised beforehand; pre\'89ngaged. Bp. Hall.

Forequoted

Fore"quot`ed (?), a. Cited before; quoted in a foregoing part of the treatise or essay.

Foreran

Fore*ran" (?), imp. of Forerun.

Forerank

Fore"rank` (?), n. The first rank; the front.

Forereach

Fore*reach" (?), v. t. (Naut.) To advance or gain upon; -- said of a vessel that gains upon another when sailing closehauled.

Forereach

Fore*reach", v. i. (Naut.) To shoot ahead, especially when going in stays. R. H. Dana, Jr.

Foreread

Fore*read" (?), v. t. To tell beforehand; to signify by tokens; to predestine. [Obs.] Spenser.

Forerecited

Fore`re*cit"ed (?), a. Named or recited before. "The forerecited practices." Shak.

Foreremembered

Fore`re*mem"bered (?), a. Called to mind previously. Bp. Montagu.

Foreright

Fore"right` (?), a. Ready; directly forward; going before. [Obs.] "A foreright wind." Chapman.

Foreright

Fore"right`, adv. Right forward; onward. [Obs.]

Forerun

Fore*run" (?), v. t.

1. To turn before; to precede; to be in advance of (something following).

2. To come before as an earnest of something to follow; to introduce as a harbinger; to announce.

These signs forerun the death or fall of kings. Shak.

Forerunner

Fore*run"ner (?), n.

1. A messenger sent before to give notice of the approach of others; a harbinger; a sign foreshowing something; a prognostic; as, the forerunner of a fever.

Whither the forerunner in for us entered, even Jesus. Heb. vi. 20.
My elder brothers, my forerunners, came. Dryden.

2. A predecessor; an ancestor. [Obs.] Shak.

3. (Naut.) A piece of rag terminating the log line.

Foresaid

Fore"said` (?), a. Mentioned before; aforesaid.

Foresail

Fore"sail` (?), n. (Naut.) (a) The sail bent to the foreyard of a square-rigged vessel, being the lowest sail on the foremast. (b) The gaff sail set on the foremast of a schooner. (c) The fore staysail of a sloop, being the triangular sail next forward of the mast.

Foresay

Fore*say" (?), v. t. [AS. foresecgan; fore + secgan to say. See Say, v. t.] To foretell. [Obs.]
Her danger nigh that sudden change foresaid. Fairfax.

Foresee

Fore*see" (?), v. t. [AS. forese\'a2n; fore + se\'a2n to see. See See, v. t.]

1. To see beforehand; to have prescience of; to foreknow.

A prudent man foreseeth the evil. Prov. xxii. 3.

2. To provide. [Obs.]

Great shoals of people, which go on to populate, without foreseeing means of life. Bacon.

Foresee

Fore*see", v. i. To have or exercise foresight. [Obs.]

Foreseen

Fore*seen" (?), conj., or (strictly) p. p. Provided; in case that; on condition that. [Obs.]
One manner of meat is most sure to every complexion, foreseen that it be alway most commonly in conformity of qualities, with the person that eateth. Sir T. Elyot.

Foreseer

Fore*se"er (?), n. One who foresees or foreknows.

Foreseize

Fore*seize" (?), v. t. To seize beforehand.

Foreshadow

Fore*shad"ow (?), v. t. To shadow or typi Dryden.

Foreshew

Fore*shew" (?), v. t. See Foreshow.

Foreship

Fore"ship` (?), n. The fore part of a ship. [Obs.]

Foreshorten

Fore*short"en (?), v. t.

1. (Fine Art) To represent on a plane surface, as if extended in a direction toward the spectator or nearly so; to shorten by drawing in perspective.

2. Fig.: To represent pictorially to the imagination.

Songs, and deeds, and lives that lie Foreshortened in the tract of time. Tennyson.

Foreshortening

Fore*short"en*ing, n. (Fine Arts) Representation in a foreshortened mode or way.

Foreshot

Fore"shot` (?), n. In distillation of low wines, the first portion of spirit that comes over, being a fluid abounding in fusel oil. Knight.

Foreshow

Fore*show" (?), v. t. [AS. foresce\'a0wian to foresee, provide; fore + sce\'a0wian to see. See Show, v. t.] To show or exhibit beforehand; to give foreknowledge of; to prognosticate; to foretell.
Your looks foreshow You have a gentle heart. Shak.
Next, like Aurora, Spenser rose, Whose purple blush the day foreshows. Denham.

Foreshower

Fore*show"er (?), n. One who predicts.

Foreside

Fore"side (?), n.

1. The front side; the front; esp., a stretch of country fronting the sea.

2. The outside or external covering. Spenser.

Foresight

Fore"sight` (?), n.

1. The act or the power of foreseeing; prescience; foreknowledge. Milton.

2. Action in reference to the future; provident care; prudence; wise forethought.

This seems an unseasonable foresight. Milton.
A random expense, without plan or foresight. Burke.

3. (Surv.) Any sight or reading of the leveling staff, except the backsight; any sight or bearing taken by a compass or theodolite in a forward direction.

4. (Gun.) Muzzle sight. See Fore sight, under Fore, a.

Foresighted

Fore"sight`ed (?), a. Sagacious; prudent; provident for the future. Bartram.

Foresightful

Fore"sight`ful (?), a. Foresighted. [Obs.]

Foresignify

Fore*sig"ni*fy (?), v. t. To signify beforehand; to foreshow; to typify. Milton.

Foreskin

Fore"skin (?), n. (Anat.) The fold of skin which covers the glans of the penis; the prepuce.

Foreskirt

Fore"skirt` (?), n. The front skirt of a garment, in distinction from the train.
Honor's train Is longer than his foreskirt. Shak.

Foreslack

Fore*slack" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Forslack.

Foresleeve

Fore"sleeve` (?), n. The sleeve below the elbow.

Foreslow

Fore*slow" (?), v. t. [See Forslow.] To make slow; to hinder; to obstruct. [Obs.] See Forslow, v. t.
No stream, no wood, no mountain could foreslow Their hasty pace. Fairfax.

Foreslow

Fore*slow", v. i. To loiter. [Obs.] See Forslow, v. i.

Forespeak

Fore*speak" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Forspeak.

Forespeak

Fore*speak", v. t. To foretell; to predict. [Obs.]
My mother was half a witch; never anything that she forespake but came to pass. Beau. & Fl.

Forespeaking

Fore"speak`ing, n. A prediction; also, a preface. [Obs.] Camden. Huloet.

Forespeech

Fore"speech` (?), n. A preface. [Obs.] Sherwood.

Forespent

Fore*spent" (?), a. [Fore + spent.] Already spent; gone by; past. [Obs.] Shak.

Forespent

Fore*spent", a. [Obs.] See Forspent.

Forespurrer

Fore*spur"rer (?), n. One who rides before; a harbinger. [Obs.] Shak.

Forest

For"est (?), n. [OF. forest, F. for\'88t, LL. forestis, also, forestus, forestum, foresta, prop., open ground reserved for the chase, fr. L. foris, foras, out of doors, abroad. See Foreign.]

1. An extensive wood; a large tract of land covered with trees; in the United States, a wood of native growth, or a tract of woodland which has never been cultivated.

2. (Eng. Law) A large extent or precinct of country, generally waste and woody, belonging to the sovereign, set apart for the keeping of game for his use, not inclosed, but distinguished by certain limits, and protected by certain laws, courts, and officers of its own. Burrill.

Forest

For"est, a. Of or pertaining to a forest; sylvan. Forest fly. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of numerous species of blood-sucking flies, of the family Tabanid\'91, which attack both men and beasts. See Horse fly. (b) A fly of the genus Hippobosca, esp. H. equina. See Horse tick. -- Forest glade, a grassy space in a forest. Thomson. -- Forest laws, laws for the protection of game, preservation of timber, etc., in forests. -- Forest tree, a tree of the forest, especially a timber tree, as distinguished from a fruit tree.

Forest

For"est, v. t. To cover with trees or wood.

Forestaff

Fore"staff` (?), n. (Naut.) An instrument formerly used at sea for taking the altitudes of heavenly bodies, now superseded by the sextant; -- called also cross-staff. Brande & C.

Forestage

For"est*age (?), n. [Cf. F. forestage.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) A duty or tribute payable to the king's foresters. (b) A service paid by foresters to the king.

Forestal

For"est*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to forests; as, forestal rights.

Forestall

Fore*stall" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forestalled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forestalling.] [OE. forstallen to stop, to obstruct; to stop (goods) on the way to the market by buying them beforehand, from forstal obstruction, AS. forsteal, foresteall, prop., a placing one's self before another. See Fore, and Stall.]

1. To take beforehand, or in advance; to anticipate.

What need a man forestall his date of grief, And run to meet what he would most avoid? Milton.

2. To take possession of, in advance of some one or something else, to the exclusion or detriment of the latter; to get ahead of; to preoccupy; also, to exclude, hinder, or prevent, by prior occupation, or by measures taken in advance.


Page 585

An ugly serpent which forestalled their way. Fairfax.
But evermore those damsels did forestall Their furious encounter. Spenser.
To be forestalled ere we come to fall. Shak.
Habit is a forestalled and obstinate judge. Rush.

3. To deprive; -- with of. [R.]

All the better; may This night forestall him of the coming day! Shak.

4. (Eng. Law) To obstruct or stop up, as a way; to stop the passage of on highway; to intercept on the road, as goods on the way to market. To forestall the market, to buy or contract for merchandise or provision on its way to market, with the intention of selling it again at a higher price; to dissuade persons from bringing their goods or provisions there; or to persuade them to enhance the price when there. This was an offense at law in England until 1844. Burrill. Syn. -- To anticipate; monopolize; engross.

Forestaller

Fore*stall"er (?), n. One who forestalls; esp., one who forestalls the market. Locke.

Forestay

Fore"stay` (?), n. (Naut.) A large, strong rope, reaching from the foremast head to the bowsprit, to support the mast. See Illust. under Ship.

Forester

For"est*er (?), n. [F. forestier, LL. forestarius.]

1. One who has charge of the growing timber on an estate; an officer appointed to watch a forest and preserve the game.

2. An inhabitant of a forest. Wordsworth.

3. A forest tree. [R.] Evelyn.

4. (Zo\'94l.) A lepidopterous insect belonging to Alypia and allied genera; as, the eight-spotted forester (A. octomaculata), which in the larval state is injurious to the grapevine.

Forestick

Fore"stick` (?), n. Front stick of a hearth fire.

Forestry

For"est*ry (?), n. [Cf. OF. foresterie.] The art of forming or of cultivating forests; the management of growing timber.

Foreswart, Foreswart

Fore"swart` (?), Fore"swart` (?), a. [Obs.] See Forswat.

Foretaste

Fore"taste` (?), n. A taste beforehand; enjoyment in advance; anticipation.

Foretaste

Fore*taste" (?), v. t.

1. To taste before full possession; to have previous enjoyment or experience of; to anticipate.

2. To taste before another. "Foretasted fruit." Milton.

Foretaster

Fore"tast`er (? ∨ ?), n. One who tastes beforehand, or before another.

Foreteach

Fore*teach" (?), v. t. To teach beforehand. [Obs.]

Foretell

Fore*tell" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foretold (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Foretelling.] To predict; to tell before occurence; to prophesy; to foreshow.
Deeds then undone my faithful tongue foretold. Pope.
Prodigies, foretelling the future eminence and luster of his character. C. Middleton.
Syn. -- To predict; prophesy; prognosticate; augur.

Foretell

Fore*tell", v. i. To utter predictions. Acts iii. 24.

Foreteller

Fore*tell"er (?), n. One who predicts. Boyle.

Forethink

Fore*think" (?), v. t.

1. To think beforehand; to anticipate in the mind; to prognosticate. [Obs.]

The soul of every man Prophetically doth forethink thy fall. Shak.

2. To contrive (something) beforehend. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Forethink

Fore*think", v. i. To contrive beforehand. [Obs.]

Forethought

Fore"thought` (?), a. Thought of, or planned, beforehand; aforethought; prepense; hence, deliberate. "Forethought malice." Bacon.

Forethought

Fore"thought`, n. A thinking or planning beforehand; prescience; premeditation; forecast; provident care.
A sphere that will demand from him forethought, courage, and wisdom. I. Taylor.

Forethoughtful

Fore"thought`ful (?), a. Having forethought. [R.]

Foretime

Fore"time` (?), n. The past; the time before the present. "A very dim foretime." J. C. Shairp.

Foretoken

Fore"to`ken (?), n. [AS. foret\'becen. See Token.] Prognostic; previous omen. Sir P. Sidney.

Foretoken

Fore*to"ken (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foretokened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Foretokening (?).] [AS. foret\'becnian; fore + t\'becnian.] To foreshow; to presignify; to prognosticate.
Whilst strange prodigious signs foretoken blood. Daniel.

Fore tooth

Fore" tooth` (?), pl. Fore teeth (. (Anat.) One of the teeth in the forepart of the mouth; an incisor.

Foretop

Fore"top` (?), n.

1. The hair on the forepart of the head; esp., a tuft or lock of hair which hangs over the forehead, as of a horse.

2. That part of a headdress that is in front; the top of a periwig.

3. (Naut.) The platform at the head of the foremast.

Fore-topgallant

Fore`-top*gal"lant (? ∨ ?), a. (Naut.) Designating the mast, sail, yard, etc., above the topmast; as, the fore-topgallant sail. See Sail.

Fore-topmast

Fore`-top"mast (?), n. (Naut.) The mast erected at the head of the foremast, and at the head of which stands the fore-topgallant mast. See Ship.

Fore-topsail

Fore`-top"sail (? ∨ ?), n. (Naut.) See Sail.

Forever

For*ev"er (?), adv. [For, prep. + ever.]

1. Through eternity; through endless ages, eternally.

2. At all times; always. &hand; In England, for and ever are usually written and printed as two separate words; but, in the United States, the general practice is to make but a single word of them. Forever and ever, an emphatic "forever." Syn. -- Constantly; continually; invariably; unchangeably; incessantly; always; perpetually; unceasingly; ceaselessly; interminably; everlastingly; endlessly; eternally.

Forevouched

Fore*vouched" (?), a. Formerly vouched or avowed; affirmed in advance. [R.] Shak.

Foreward

Fore"ward` (?), n. The van; the front. [Obs.]
My foreward shall be drawn out all in length, Consisting equally of horse and foot. Shak.

Forewarn

Fore*warn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forewarned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forewarning.] To warn beforehand; to give previous warning, admonition, information, or notice to; to caution in advance.
We were forewarned of your coming. Shak.

Forewaste

Fore*waste" (?), v. t. See Forewaste. Gascoigne.

Forewend

Fore*wend" (?), v. t. [Fore + wend.] To go before. [Obs.] Spenser.

Forewish

Fore*wish" (?), v. t. To wish beforehand.

Forewit

Fore"wit` (?), n.

1. A leader, or would-be leader, in matters of knowledge or taste. [Obs.]

Nor that the forewits, that would draw the rest unto their liking, always like the best. B. Jonson.

2. Foresight; prudence.

Let this forewit guide thy thought. Southwell.

Forewite

Fore*wite" (?), v. t. [pres. indic. sing., 1st & 3d pers. Forewot (?), 2d person Forewost (, pl. Forewiten (; imp. sing. Forewiste (?), pl. Forewisten (; p. pr. & vb. n. Forewiting (?).] [AS. forewitan. See Wit to know.] To foreknow. [Obs.] [Written also forwete.] Chaucer.

Forewomen

Fore"wom`en (?), n.; pl. Forewomen (. A woman who is chief; a woman who has charge of the work or workers in a shop or other place; a head woman. Tatler. W. Besant.

Foreword

Fore"word` (?), n. A preface. Furnvall.

Foreworn

Fore*worn" (?), a. [See Forworn.] Worn out; wasted; used up. [Archaic]
Old foreworn stories almost forgotten. Brydges.

Forewot

Fore*wot" (?), pres. indic., 1st & 3d pers. sing. of Forewite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Foreyard

Fore"yard` (?), n. (Naut.) The lowermost yard on the foremast. [See Illust. of Ship.]

Forfalture

For"fal*ture (?), n. Forfeiture. [Obs.]

Forfeit

For"feit (?), n. [OE. forfet crime, penalty, F. forfait crime (LL. forefactum, forifactum), prop. p.p. of forfaire to forfeit, transgress, fr. LL. forifacere, prop., to act beyond; L. foris out of doors, abroad, beyond + facere to do. See Foreign, and FAct.]

1. Injury; wrong; mischief. [Obs. & R.]

To seek arms upon people and country that never did us any forfeit. Ld. Berners.

2. A thing forfeit or forfeited; what is or may be taken from one in requital of a misdeed committed; that which is lost, or the right to which is alienated, by a crime, offense, neglect of duty, or breach of contract; hence, a fine; a mulct; a penalty; as, he who murders pays the forfeit of his life.

Thy slanders I forgive; and therewithal Remit thy other forfeits. Shak.

3. Something deposited and redeemable by a sportive fine; -- whence the game of forfeits.

Country dances and forfeits shortened the rest of the day. Goldsmith.

Forfeit

For"feit, a. [F. forfait, p.p. of forfaire. See Forfeit, n.] Lost or alienated for an offense or crime; liable to penal seizure.
Thy wealth being forfeit to the state. Shak.
To tread the forfeit paradise. Emerson.

Forfeit

For"feit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forfeited; p. pr. & vb. n. Forfeiting.] [OE. forfeten. See Forfeit, n.] To lose, or lose the right to, by some error, fault, offense, or crime; to render one's self by misdeed liable to be deprived of; to alienate the right to possess, by some neglect or crime; as, to forfeit an estate by treason; to forfeit reputation by a breach of promise; -- with to before the one acquiring what is forfeited.
[They] had forfeited their property by their crimes. Burke.
Undone and forfeited to cares forever! Shak.

Forfeit

For"feit, v. i.

1. To be guilty of a misdeed; to be criminal; to transgress. [Obs.]

2. To fail to keep an obligation. [Obs.]

I will have the heart of him if he forfeit. Shak.

Forfeit

For"feit, p. p. ∨ a. In the condition of being forfeited; subject to alienation. Shak.
Once more I will renew His laps\'8ad powers, though forfeite. Milton.

Fourfeitable

Four"feit*a*ble (?), a. Liable to be forfeited; subject to forfeiture.
For the future, uses shall be subject to the statutes of mortmain, and forfeitable, like the lands themselves. Blackstone.

Forfeiter

For"feit*er (?), n. One who incurs a penalty of forfeiture.

Forfeiture

For"fei*ture (?; 135), n. [F. forfeiture, LL. forisfactura.]

1. The act of forfeiting; the loss of some right, privilege, estate, honor, office, or effects, by an offense, crime, breach of condition, or other act.

Under pain of foreiture of the said goods. Hakluyt.

2. That which is forfeited; a penalty; a fine or mulct.

What should I gain By the exaction of the forfeiture? Shak.
Syn. -- Fine; mulct; amercement; penalty.

Forfend

For*fend" (?), v. t. [Pref. for- + fend. See Forewend.] To prohibit; to forbid; to avert. [Archaic]
Which peril heaven forefend! Shak.
&hand; This is etymologically the preferable spelling.

Forfered

For*fer"ed (?), p. p. & a. [See For-, and Fear.] Excessively alarmed; in great fear. [Obs.] "Forfered of his death." Chaucer.

Forfete

For"fete (?), v. i. [See Forfeit.] To incur a penalty; to transgress. [Obs.]
And all this suffered our Lord Jesus Christ that never forfeted. Chaucer.

Forfex

For"fex (?), n. [L.] A pair of shears. Pope.

Forficate

For"fi*cate (?), a. [L. forfex, forficis, shears.] (Zo\'94l.) Deeply forked, as the tail of certain birds.

Forficula

For*fic"u*la (?), n. [L., small shears, scissors, dim. of forfex shears.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of insects including the earwigs. See Earwig, 1.

Forgather

For*gath"er (?), v. i. To convene; to gossip; to meet accidentally. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Within that circle he forgathered with many a fool. Wilson.

Forgave

For*gave" (?), imp. of Forgive.

Forge

Forge (?), n. [F. forge, fr. L. fabrica the workshop of an artisan who works in hard materials, fr. faber artisan, smith, as adj., skillful, ingenious; cf. Gr. Fabric.]

1. A place or establishment where iron or other metals are wrought by heating and hammering; especially, a furnace, or a shop with its furnace, etc., where iron is heated and wrought; a smithy.

In the quick forge and working house of thought. Shak.

2. The works where wrought iron is produced directly from the ore, or where iron is rendered malleable by puddling and shingling; a shingling mill.

3. The act of beating or working iron or steel; the manufacture of metalic bodies. [Obs.]

In the greater bodies the forge was easy. Bacon.
American forge, a forge for the direct production of wrought iron, differing from the old Catalan forge mainly in using finely crushed ore and working continuously. Raymond. -- Catalan forge. (Metal.) See under Catalan. -- Forge cinder, the dross or slag form a forge or bloomary. -- Forge rolls, Forge train, the train of rolls by which a bloom is converted into puddle bars. -- Forge wagon (Mil.), a wagon fitted up for transporting a blackmith's forge and tools. -- Portable forge, a light and compact blacksmith's forge, with bellows, etc., that may be moved from place to place.

Forge

Forge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forging (?).] [F. forger, OF. forgier, fr. L. fabricare, fabricari, to form, frame, fashion, from fabrica. See Forge, n., and cf. Fabricate.]

1. To form by heating and hammering; to beat into any particular shape, as a metal.

Mars's armor forged for proof eterne. Shak.

2. To form or shape out in any way; to produce; to frame; to invent.

Those names that the schools forged, and put into the mouth of scholars, could never get admittance into common use. Locke.
Do forge a life-long trouble for ourselves. Tennyson.

3. To coin. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. To make falsely; to produce, as that which is untrue or not genuine; to fabricate; to counterfeit, as, a signature, or a signed document.

That paltry story is untrue, And forged to cheat such gulls as you. Hudibras.
Forged certificates of his . . . moral character. Macaulay.
Syn. -- To fabricate; counterfeit; feign; falsify.

Forge

Forge, v. i. [See Forge, v. t., and for sense 2, cf. Forge compel.]

1. To commit forgery.

2. (Naut.) To move heavily and slowly, as a ship after the sails are furled; to work one's way, as one ship in outsailing another; -- used especially in the phrase to forge ahead. Totten.

And off she [a ship] forged without a shock. De Quincey.

Forge

Forge, v. t. (Naut.) To impel forward slowly; as, to forge a ship forward.

Forgeman

Forge"man (?), n.; pl. Forgemen (. A skilled smith, who has a hammerer to assist him.

Forger

For"ger (?), n.[Cf. F. forgeur metal worker, L. fabricator artificer. See Forge, n. & v. t., and cf. Fabricator.] One who forges, makes, of forms; a fabricator; a falsifier.

2. Especially: One guilty of forgery; one who makes or issues a counterfeit document.

Forgery

For"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Forgeries (#). [Cf. F. forgerie.]

1. The act of forging metal into shape. [Obs.]

Useless the forgery Of brazen shield and spear. Milton.

2. The act of forging, fabricating, or producing falsely; esp., the crime of fraudulently making or altering a writing or signature purporting to be made by another; the false making or material alteration of or addition to a written instrument for the purpose of deceit and fraud; as, the forgery of a bond. Bouvier.

3. That which is forged, fabricated, falsely devised, or counterfeited.

These are the forgeries of jealously. Shak.
The writings going under the name of Aristobulus were a forgery of the second century. Waterland.
Syn. -- Counterfeit; Forgery. Counterfeit is chiefly used of imitations of coin, or of paper money, or of securities depending upon pictorial devices and engraved designs for identity or assurance of genuineness. Forgery is more properly applied to making a false imitation of an instrument depending on signatures to show genuineness and validity. Abbott.
Page 586

Forget

For*get" (?), v. t. [imp. Forgot (?) (Forgat (, Obs.); p. p. Forgotten (?), Forgot; p. pr. & vb. n. Forgetting.] [OE. forgeten, foryeten, AS. forgietan, forgitan; pref. for- + gietan, gitan (only in comp.), to get; cf. D. vergeten, G. vergessen, Sw. f\'94rg\'84ta, Dan. forgiette. See For-, and Get, v. t.]

1. To lose the remembrance of; to let go from the memory; to cease to have in mind; not to think of; also, to lose the power of; to cease from doing.

Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits. Ps. ciii. 2.
Let y right hand forget her cunning. Ps. cxxxvii. 5.
Hath thy knee forget to bow? Shak.

2. To treat with inattention or disregard; to slight; to neglect.

Can a woman forget her sucking child? . . . Yes, they may forget, yet will I not forget thee. Is. xlix. 15.
To forget one's self. (a) To become unmindful of one's own personality; to be lost in thought. (b) To be entirely unselfish. (c) To be guilty of what is unworthy of one; to lose one's dignity, temper, or self-control.

Forgetful

For*get"ful (?), a.

1. Apt to forget; easily losing remembrance; as, a forgetful man should use helps to strengthen his memory.

2. Heedless; careless; neglectful; inattentive.

Be not forgetful to entertain strangers. Heb. xiii. 2.

3. Causing to forget; inducing oblivion; oblivious. [Archaic or Poetic] "The forgetful wine." J. Webster.

Forgetfully

For*get"ful*ly, adv. In a forgetful manner.

Forgetfulness

For*get"ful*ness, n.

1. The quality of being forgetful; prononess to let slip from the mind.

2. Loss of remembrance or recollection; a ceasing to remember; oblivion.

A sweet forgetfulness of human care. Pope.

3. Failure to bear in mind; careless omission; inattention; as, forgetfulness of duty. Syn. -- Forgetfulnes, Oblivion. Forgetfulness is Anglo-Saxon, and oblivion is Latin. The former commonly has reference to persons, and marks a state of mind, and marks a state of mind; the latter commonly has reference to things, and indicates a condition into which they are sunk. We blame a man for his forgetfulness; we speak of some old custom as buried in oblivion. But this discrimination is not strictly adhered to.

Forgetive

For"ge*tive (?), a. [From Forge.] Inventive; productive; capable. [Obs.] Shak.

Forget-me-not

For*get"-me-not` (?), n. [Cf. G. vergissmeinnicht.] (Bot.) A small herb, of the genus Myosotis (M. palustris, incespitosa, etc.), bearing a beautiful blue flower, and extensively considered the emblem of fidelity. &hand; Formerly the name was given to the Ajuga Cham\'91pitus.

Forgettable

For*get"ta*ble (?), a. Liable to be, or that may be, forgotten. Carlyle.

Forgetter

For*get"ter (?), n. One who forgets; a heedless person. Johnson.

Forgettingly

For*get"ting*ly, adv. By forgetting.

Forging

For"ging (?), n.

1. The act of shaping metal by hammering or pressing.

2. The act of counterfeiting.

3. (Mach.) A piece of forged work in metal; -- a general name for a piece of hammered iron or steel.

There are very few yards in the world at which such forgings could be turned out. London Times.

Forgivable

For*giv"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being forgiven; pardonable; venial. Sherwood.

Forgive

For*give" (?), v. t. [imp. Forgave (?); p. p. Forgiven (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forgiving] [OE. forgiven, foryiven, foryeven, AS. forgiefan, forgifan; perh. for- + giefan, gifan to give; cf. D. vergeven, G. vergeben, Icel. fyrirgefa, Sw. f, Goth. fragiban to give, grant. See For-, and Give, v. t.]

1. To give wholly; to make over without reservation; to resign.

To them that list the world's gay shows I leave, And to great ones such folly do forgive. Spenser.

2. To give up resentment or claim to requital on account of (an offense or wrong); to remit the penalty of; to pardon; -- said in reference to the act forgiven.

And their sins should be forgiven them. Mark iv. 12.
He forgive injures so readily that he might be said to invite them. Macaulay.

3. To cease to feel resentment against, on account of wrong committed; to give up claim to requital from or retribution upon (an offender); to absolve; to pardon; -- said of the person offending.

Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. Luke xxiii. 34.
I as free forgive you, as I would be fforgiven. Shak.
&hand; Sometimes both the person and the offense follow as objects of the verb, sometimes one and sometimes the other being the indirect object. "Forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors." Matt. vi. 12. "Be of good cheer; thy sins be forgiven thee." Matt. ix. 2. Syn. -- See excuse.

Forgiveness

For*give"ness, n. [AS. forgifnes.]

1. The act of forgiving; the state of being forgiven; as, the forgiveness of sin or of injuries.

To the Lord our God belong mercies and forgivenesses. Dan. ix. 9.
In whom we have . . . the forgiveness of sin. Eph. i. 7.

2. Disposition to pardon; willingness to forgive.

If thou, Lord, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall stand? But there is forgiveness with thee, that thou mayest be feared. Ps. cxxx. 3, 4.
Syn. --

Pardon, remission

Pardon, remission.
-- Forgiveness, Pardon. Forgiveness is Anglo-Saxon, and pardon Norman French, both implying a giving back. The word pardon, being early used in our Bible, has, in religious matters, the same sense as forgiveness; but in the language of common life there is a difference between them, such as we often find between corresponding Anglo-Saxon and Norman words. Forgive points to inward feeling, and suppose alienated affection; when we ask forgiveness, we primarily seek the removal of anger. Pardon looks more to outward things or consequences, and is often applied to trifling matters, as when we beg pardon for interrupting a man, or for jostling him in a crowd. The civil magistrate also grants a pardon, and not forgiveness. The two words are, therefore, very clearly distinguished from each other in most cases which relate to the common concerns of life.

Forgiver

For*giv"er (?), n. One who forgives. Johnson.

Forgiving

For*giv"ing, a. Disposed to forgive; inclined to overlook offenses; mild; merciful; compassionate; placable; as, a forgiving temper. -- For*giv"ing*ly, adv. -- For*giv"ing*ness, n. J. C. Shairp.

Forgo

For*go" (?), v. t. [imp. Forwent; p. p. Forgone; p. pr. & vb. n. Forgoing.] [OE. forgan, forgon, forgoon, AS. forg\'ben, prop., to go past, hence, to abstain from; pref. for- + g\'ben to go; akin to G. vergehen to pass away, to transgress. See Go, v. i.] To pass by; to leave. See 1st Forego.
For sith [since] I shall forgoon my liberty At your request. Chaucer.
And four [days] since Florimell the court forwent. Spenser.
&hand; This word in spelling has been confused with, and almost superseded by, forego to go before. Etymologically the form forgo is correct.

Forgot

For*got" (?), imp. & p. p. of Forget.

Forgotten

For*got"ten (?), p. p. of Forget.

Forhall

For*hall" (?), v. t. [Pref. for- + hale to draw.] To harass; to torment; to distress. [Obs.] Spenser.

Forhend

For*hend" (?), v. t. To seize upon. [Obs.]

Forinsecal

Fo*rin"se*cal (?), a. [L. forinsecus from without.] Foreign; alien. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

Forisfamiliate

Fo`ris*fa*mil"i*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forisfamiliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forisfamiliating (?).] [LL. forisfamiliatus, p.p. of forisfamiliater to forisfamiliate; L. foris abroad, without + familia family.] (LAw) Literally, to put out of a family; hence, to portion off, so as to exclude further claim of inheritance; to emancipate (as a with his own consent) from paternal authority. Blackstone.

Forisfamiliate

Fo`ris*fa*mil"i*ate, v. i. (Law) To renounce a legal title to a further share of paternal inheritance.

Forisfamiliation

Fo`ris*fa*mil`i*a"tion (?), n. (Law) The act of forisfamiliating.

Fork

Fork (?), n. [AS. forc, fr. L. furca. Cf. Fourch, Furcate.]

1. An instrument consisting consisting of a handle with a shank terminating in two or more prongs or tines, which are usually of metal, parallel and slightly curved; -- used from piercing, holding, taking up, or pitching anything.

2. Anything furcate or like of a fork in shape, or furcate at the extremity; as, a tuning fork.

3. One of the parts into which anything is furcated or divided; a prong; a branch of a stream, a road, etc.; a barbed point, as of an arrow.

Let it fall . . . though the fork invade The region of my heart. Shak.
A thunderbolt with three forks. Addison.

4. The place where a division or a union occurs; the angle or opening between two branches or limbs; as, the fork of a river, a tree, or a road.

5. The gibbet. [Obs.] Bp. Butler. Fork beam (Shipbuilding), a half beam to support a deck, where hatchways occur. -- Fork chuck (Wood Turning), a lathe center having two prongs for driving the work. -- Fork head. (a) The barbed head of an arrow. (b) The forked end of a rod which forms part of a knuckle joint. -- In fork. (Mining) A mine is said to be in fork, or an engine to "have the water in fork," when all the water is drawn out of the mine. Ure. -- The forks of a river ∨ a road, the branches into which it divides, or which come together to form it; the place where separation or union takes place.

Fork

Fork, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Forked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forking.]

1. To shoot into blades, as corn.

The corn beginneth to fork. Mortimer. 1

2. To divide into two or more branches; as, a road, a tree, or a stream forks.

Fork

Fork, v. t. To raise, or pitch with a fork, as hay; to dig or turn over with a fork, as the soil.
Forking the sheaves on the high-laden cart. Prof. Wilson.
To fork over ∨ out, to hand or pay over, as money. [Slang] G. Eliot.

Forkbeard

Fork"beard` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European fish (Raniceps raninus), having a large flat head; -- also called tadpole fish, and lesser forked beard. (b) The European forked hake or hake's-dame (Phycis blennoides); -- also called great forked beard.

Forked

Forked (?), a.

1. Formed into a forklike shape; having a fork; dividing into two or more prongs or branches; furcated; bifurcated; zigzag; as, the forked lighting.

A serpent seen, with forked tongue. Shak.

2. Having a double meaning; ambiguous; equivocal. Cross forked (Her.), a cross, the ends of whose arms are divided into two sharp points; -- called also cross double fitch\'82. A cross forked of three points is a cross, each of whose arms terminates in three sharp points. -- Forked counsel, advice pointing more than one way; ambiguous advice. [Obs.] B. Jonson. -- Fork"ed*ly (#), adv. -- Fork"ed*ness, n.

Forkerve

For*kerve (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Forcarve, v. t.

Forkiness

Fork"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state or dividing in a forklike manner.

Forkless

Fork"less, a. Having no fork.

Forktail

Fork"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of several Asiatic and East Indian passerine birds, belonging to Enucurus, and allied genera. The tail is deeply forking. (b) A salmon in its fourth year's growth. [Prov. Eng.]

Fork-tailed

Fork"-tailed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the outer tail feathers longer than the median ones; swallow-tailed; -- said of many birds. Fork-tailed flycatcher (Zo\'94l.), a tropical American flycatcher (Milvulus tyrannus). -- Fork-tailed gull (Zo\'94l.), a gull of the genus Xema, of two species, esp. X. Sabinii of the Arctic Ocean. -- Fork-tailed kite (Zo\'94l.), a graceful American kite (Elanoides forficatus); -- called also swallow-tailed kite.

Forky

Fork"y (?), a. Opening into two or more parts or shoots; forked; furcated. "Forky tongues." Pope.

Forlaft

For*laft" (?), obs. p. p. of Forleave. Chaucer.

Forlay

For*lay" (?), v. t. [Pref. for- + lay.] To lie in wait for; to ambush.
An ambushed thief forlays a traveler. Dryden.

Forleave

For*leave" (?), v. t. [OE. forleven; pref. for- + leven to leave.] To leave off wholly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Forlend

For*lend" (?), v. t. To give up wholly. [Obs.]

Forlese

For*lese" (?), v. t. [p. p. Forlore (?), Forlorn (.] [OE. forlesen. See Forlorn.] To lose utterly. [Obs.] haucer.

Forlet

For*let", v. t. [OE. forleten, AS. forl; pref. for- + l to allow; akin to G. verlassen to leave. See Let to allow.] To give up; to leave; to abandon. [Obs.] "To forlet sin." Chaucer.

Forlie

For*lie" (?), v. i. See Forlie.

Forlore

For*lore" (?), imp. pl. & p. p. oForlese. [Obs.]
The beasts their caves, the birds their neforlore. Fairfax.

Forlorn

For*lorn" (?), a. [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forle\'a2san (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + le\'a2san (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. f\'94rlora, Dan. forloren, Goth. fraliusan to lose. See For-, and Lorn, a., Lose, v. t.]

1. Deserted abandoned; lost.

Of fortune and of hope at once forlorn. Spenser.
Some say that ravens foster forlorn children. Shak.

2. Destitute; helpless; in pitiful plight; wretched; miserable; almost hopeless; desperate.

For here forlorn and lost I tread. Goldsmith.
The condition of the besieged in the mean time was forlorn in the extreme. Prescott.
She cherished the forlorn hope that he was still living. Thomson.
A forlorn hope [D. verloren hoop, prop., a lost band or troop; verloren, p.p. of verliezen to lose + hoop band; akin to E. heap. See For-, and Heap.] (Mil.), a body of men (called in F. enfants perdus, in G. verloren posten) selected, usually from volunteers, to attempt a breach, scale the wall of a fortress, or perform other extraordinarily perilous service; also, a desperate case or enterprise. Syn. -- Destitute, lost; abandoned; forsaken; solitary; helpless; friendless; hopeless; abject; wretched; miserable; pitiable.

Forlorn

For*lorn", n.

1. A lost, forsaken, or solitary person.

Forced to live in Scotland a forlorn. Shak.

2. A forlorn hope; a vanguard. [Obs.]

Our forlorn of horse marched within a mile of the enemy. Oliver Cromvell.

Forlornly

For*lorn"ly, adv. In a forlorn manner. Pollok.

Forlornness

For*lorn"ness, n. State of being forlorn. Boyle.

Forlye

For*lye" (?), v. i. Same as Forlie. [Obs.]

form

form (. [See Form, n.] A suffix used to denote in the form ∨ shape of, resembling, etc.; as, valiform; oviform.

Form

Form (f\'d3rm; in senses 8 & 9, often f\'d3rm in England), n. [OE. & F. forme, fr. L. forma; cf. Skr. dhariman. Cf. Firm.]

1. The shape and structure of anything, as distinguished from the material of which it is composed; particular disposition or arrangement of matter, giving it individuality or distinctive character; configuration; figure; external appearance.

The form of his visage was changed. Dan. iii. 19.
And woven close close, both matter, form, and style. Milton.

2. Constitution; mode of construction, organization, etc.; system; as, a republican form of government.

3. Established method of expression or practice; fixed way of proceeding; conventional or stated scheme; formula; as, a form of prayer.

Those whom form of laws Condemned to die. Dryden.

4. Show without substance; empty, outside appearance; vain, trivial, or conventional ceremony; conventionality; formality; as, a matter of mere form.

Though well we may not pass upon his life Without the form of justice. Shak.

5. Orderly arrangement; shapeliness; also, comeliness; elegance; beauty.

The earth was without form and void. Gen. i. 2.
He hath no form nor comeliness. Is. liii. 2.

6. A shape; an image; a phantom.

7. That by which shape is given or determined; mold; pattern; model.

8. A long seat; a bench; hence, a rank of students in a school; a class; also, a class or rank in society. "Ladies of a high form." Bp. Burnet.

9. The seat or bed of a hare.

As in a form sitteth a weary hare. Chaucer.

10. (Print.) The type or other matter from which an impression is to be taken, arranged and secured in a chase.

11. (Fine Arts) The boundary line of a material object. In painting, more generally, the human body.

12. (Gram.) The particular shape or structure of a word or part of speech; as, participial forms; verbal forms.

13. (Crystallog.) The combination of planes included under a general crystallographic symbol. It is not necessarily a closed solid.

14. (Metaph.) That assemblage or disposition of qualities which makes a conception, or that internal constitution which makes an existing thing to be what it is; -- called essential or substantial form, and contradistinguished from matter; hence, active or formative nature; law of being or activity; subjectively viewed, an idea; objectively, a law.

15. Mode of acting or manifestation to the senses, or the intellect; as, water assumes the form of ice or snow. In modern usage, the elements of a conception furnished by the mind's own activity, as contrasted with its object or condition, which is called the matter; subjectively, a mode of apprehension or belief conceived as dependent on the constitution of the mind; objectively, universal and necessary accompaniments or elements of every object known or thought of.

16. (Biol.) The peculiar characteristics of an organism as a type of others; also, the structure of the parts of an animal or plant.


Page 587

Good form ∨ Bad form, the general appearance, condition or action, originally of horses, atterwards of persons; as, the members of a boat crew are said to be in good form when they pull together uniformly. The phrases are further used colloquially in description of conduct or manners in society; as, it is not good form to smoke in the presence of a lady.

Form

Form (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Formed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forming.] [F. former, L. formare, fr. forma. See Form, n.]

1. To give form or shape to; to frame; to construct; to make; to fashion.

God formed man of the dust of the ground. Gen. ii. 7.
The thought that labors in my forming brain. Rowe.

2. To give a particular shape to; to shape, mold, or fashion into a certain state or condition; to arrange; to adjust; also, to model by instruction and discipline; to mold by influence, etc.; to train.

'T is education forms the common mind. Pope.
Thus formed for speed, he challenges the wind. Dryden.

3. To go to make up; to act as constituent of; to be the essential or constitutive elements of; to answer for; to make the shape of; -- said of that out of which anything is formed or constituted, in whole or in part.

The diplomatic politicians . . . who formed by far the majority. Burke.

4. To provide with a form, as a hare. See Form, n., 9.

The melancholy hare is formed in brakes and briers. Drayton.

5. (Gram.) To derive by grammatical rules, as by adding the proper suffixes and affixes.

Form

Form, v. i.

1. To take a form, definite shape, or arrangement; as, the infantry should form in column.

2. To run to a form, as a hare. B. Jonson. To form on (Mil.), to form a lengthened line with reference to (any given object) as a basis.

Formal

For"mal (?), a. [L. formalis: cf. F. formel.]

1. Belonging to the form, shape, frame, external appearance, or organization of a thing.

2. Belonging to the constitution of a thing, as distinguished from the matter composing it; having the power of making a thing what it is; constituent; essential; pertaining to oe depending on the forms, so called of the human intellect.

Of [the sounds represented by] letters, the material part is breath and voice; the formal is constituted by the motion and figure of the organs of speech. Holder.

3. Done is due form, or with solemnity; according to regular method; not incidental, sudden or irregular; express; as, he gave his formal consent.

His obscure funeral . . . No noble rite nor formal ostentation. Shak.

4. Devoted to, or done in accordance with, forms or rules; punctilious; regular; orderly; methodical; of a prescribed form; exact; prim; stiff; ceremonious; as, a man formal in his dress, his gait, his conversation.

A cold-looking, formal garden, cut into angles and rhomboids. W. Irwing.
She took off the formal cap that confined her hair. Hawthorne.

5. Having the form or appearance without the substance or essence; external; as, formal duty; formal worship; formal courtesy, etc.

6. Dependent in form; conventional.

Still in constraint your suffering sex remains, Or bound in formal or in real chains. Pope.

7. Sound; normal. [Obs.]

To make of him a formal man again. Shak.
Formal cause. See under Cause. Syn. -- Precise; punctilious; stiff; starched; affected; ritual; ceremonial; external; outward. -- Formal, Ceremonious. When applied to things, these words usually denote a mere accordance with the rules of form or ceremony; as, to make a formal call; to take a ceremonious leave. When applied to a person or his manners, they are used in a bad sense; a person being called formal who shapes himself too much by some pattern or set form, and ceremonious when he lays too much stress on the conventional laws of social intercourse. Formal manners render a man stiff or ridiculous; a ceremonious carriage puts a stop to the ease and freedom of social intercourse.

Formaldehyde

For*mal"de*hyde (?), n. [Formic + aldehyde.] (Chem.) A colorless, volatile liquid, H2CO, resembling acetic or ethyl aldehyde, and chemically intermediate between methyl alcohol and formic acid.

Formalism

Form"al*ism (?), n. The practice or the doctrine of strict adherence to, or dependence on, external forms, esp. in matters of religion.
Official formalism. Sir H. Rawlinson.

Formalist

Form"al*ist, n. [Cf. F. formaliste.] One overattentive to forms, or too much confined to them; esp., one who rests in external religious forms, or observes strictly the outward forms of worship, without possessing the life and spirit of religion.
As far a formalist from wisdom sits, In judging eyes, as libertines from wits. Young.

Formality

For*mal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Formalities (#). [Cf. F. formalit\'82.]

1. The condition or quality of being formal, strictly ceremonious, precise, etc.

2. Form without substance.

Such [books] as are mere pieces of formality, so that if you look on them, you look though them. Fuller.

3. Compliance with formal or conventional rules; ceremony; conventionality.

Nor was his attendance on divine offices a matter of formality and custom, but of conscience. Atterbury.

4. An established order; conventional rule of procedure; usual method; habitual mode.

He was installed with all the usual formalities. C. Middleton.

5. pl. The dress prescribed for any body of men, academical, municipal, or sacerdotal. [Obs.]

The doctors attending her in their formalities as far as Shotover. Fuller.

6. That which is formal; the formal part.

It unties the inward knot of marriage, . . . while it aims to keep fast the outward formality. Milton.

7. The quality which makes a thing what it is; essence.

The material part of the evil came from our father upon us, but the formality of it, the sting and the curse, is only by ourselves. Jer. Taylor.
The formality of the vow lies in the promise made to God. Bp. Stillingfleet.

8. (Scholastic. Philos.) The manner in which a thing is conceived or constituted by an act of human thinking; the result of such an act; as, animality and rationality are formalities.

Formalize

Form"al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Formalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Formalizing (?).]

1. To give form, or a certain form, to; to model. [R.]

2. To render formal.

Formalize

Form"al*ize, v. i. To affect formality. [Obs.] ales.

Formally

Form"al*ly, adv. In a formal manner; essentially; characteristically; expressly; regularly; ceremoniously; precisely.
That which formally makes this [charity] a Christian grace, is the spring from which it flows. Smalridge.
You and your followers do stand formally divided against the authorized guides of the church and rest of the people. Hooker.

Formate

For"mate (?), n. [See Formic.] (Chem.) A salt of formic acid. [Written also formiate.]

Formation

For*ma"tion (?), n. [L. formatio: cf. F. formation.]

1. The act of giving form or shape to anything; a forming; a shaping. Beattie.

2. The manner in which a thing is formed; structure; construction; conformation; form; as, the peculiar formation of the heart.

3. A substance formed or deposited.

4. (Geol.) (a) Mineral deposits and rock masses designated with reference to their origin; as, the siliceous formation about geysers; alluvial formations; marine formations. (b) A group of beds of the same age or period; as, the Eocene formation.

5. (Mil.) The arrangement of a body of troops, as in a square, column, etc. Farrow.

Formative

Form"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. formatif.]

1. Giving form; having the power of giving form; plastic; as, the formative arts.

The meanest plant can not be raised without seed, by any formative residing in the soil. Bentley.

2. (Gram.) Serving to form; derivative; not radical; as, a termination merely formative.

3. (Biol.) Capable of growth and development; germinal; as, living or formative matter.

Formative

Form"a*tive, n. (Gram.) (a) That which serves merely to give form, and is no part of the radical, as the prefix or the termination of a word. (b) A word formed in accordance with some rule or usage, as from a root.

Form\'82

For`m\'82" (?), a. (Her.) Same as Pat\'82 or Patt\'82.

Forme

For"me (?), a. [OE., fr. AS. forma. See Foremost.] First. [Obs.] "Adam our forme father." Chaucer.

Formed

Formed (?), a.

1. (Astron.) Arranged, as stars in a constellation; as, formed stars. [R.]

2. (Biol.) Having structure; capable of growth and development; organized; as, the formed or organized ferments. See Ferment, n. Formed material (Biol.), a term employed by Beale to denote the lifeless matter of a cell, that which is physiologically dead, in distinction from the truly germinal or living matter.

Formedon

For"me*don (?), n. [OF., fr. Latin. So called because the plaintiff claimed "by the form of the gift,: L. per formam doni.] (O. Eng. Law) A writ of right for a tenant in tail in case of a discontinuance of the estate tail. This writ has been abolished.

Formell

For"mell (?), n. [Dim. of F. forme the female of a bird of prey.] (Zo\'94l.) The female of a hawk or falcon.

Former

Form"er (?), n.

1. One who forms; a maker; a creator.

2. (Mech.) (a) A shape around which an article is to be shaped, molded, woven wrapped, pasted, or otherwise constructed. (b) A templet, pattern, or gauge by which an article is shaped. (c) A cutting die.

Former

For"mer (?), a. [A compar. due to OE. formest. See Foremost.]

1. Preceding in order of time; antecedent; previous; prior; earlier; hence, ancient; long past.

For inquire, I pray thee, of the former age. Job. viii. 8.
The latter and former rain. Hosea vi. 3.

3. Near the beginning; preceeding; as, the former part of a discourse or argument.

3. Earlier, as between two things mentioned together; first mentioned.

A bad author deserves better usage than a bad critic; a man may be the former merely through the misfortune of an ill judgment; but he can not be latter without both that and an ill temper. Pope.
Syn. -- Prior; previous; anterior; antecedent; preceding; foregoing.

Formeret

For`me*ret" (?), n. [F.] (Arch.) One of the half ribs against the walls in a ceiling vaulted with ribs.

Formerly

For"mer*ly (?), adv. In time past, either in time immediately preceding or at any indefinite distance; of old; heretofore.

Formful

Form"ful (?), a. Creative; imaginative. [R.] "The formful brain." Thomson.

Formic

For"mic (?), a. [L. formica an ant: cf. F. formique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, ants; as, formic acid; in an extended sense, pertaining to, or derived from, formic acid; as, formic ether. Amido formic acid, carbamic acid. -- Formic acid, a colorless, mobile liquid, HCO.OH, of a sharp, acid taste, occurring naturally in ants, nettles, pine needles, etc., and produced artifically in many ways, as by the oxidation of methyl alcohol, by the reduction of carbonic acid or the destructive distillation of oxalic acid. It is the first member of the fatty acids in the paraffin series, and is homologous with acetic acid.

Formica

For*mi"ca (?), n. [L., an ant.] (Zo\'94l.) A Linn\'91an genus of hymenopterous insects, including the common ants. See Ant.

Formicaroid

For`mi*ca"roid (?), a. [NL. Formicarius, the typical genus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the family Formicarid\'91 or ant thrushes.

Formicary

For"mi*ca*ry (?), n. [LL. formicarium, fr. L. formica an ant.] (Zo\'94l.) The nest or dwelling of a swarm of ants; an ant-hill.

Formicate

For"mi*cate (?), a. [L. formica an ant.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling, or pertaining to, an ant or ants.

Formication

For`mi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. formicatio, fr. formicare to creep like an ant, to feel as if ants were crawling on one's self, fr. formica ant: cf. F. formication.] (Med.) A sensation resembling that made by the creeping of ants on the skin. Dunglison.

Formicid

For"mi*cid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the ants. -- n. One of the family Formicid\'91, or ants.

Formidability

For`mi*da*bil"i*ty (?), n. Formidableness. Walpole.

Formidable

For"mi*da*ble (?), a. [L. formidabilis, fr. formidare to fear, dread: cf. F. formidable.] Exciting fear or apprehension; impressing dread; adapted to excite fear and deter from approach, encounter, or undertaking; alarming.
They seemed to fear the formodable sight. Dryden.
I swell my preface into a volume, and make it formidable, when you see so many pages behind. Drydn.
Syn. -- Dreadful; fearful; terrible; frightful; shocking; horrible; terrific; tremendous.

Formidableness

For"mi*da*ble*ness, n. The quality of being formidable, or adapted to excite dread. Boyle.

Formidably

For"mi*da*bly, adv. In a formidable manner.

Formidolose

For*mid"o*lose (?), a. [L. formidolosus, fr. formido fear.] Very much afraid. [Obs.] Bailey.

Forming

Form"ing (?), n. The act or process of giving form or shape to anything; as, in shipbuilding, the exact shaping of partially shaped timbers.

Formless

Form"less, a. Shapeless; without a determinate form; wanting regularity of shape. -- Form"less*ly, adv. -- Form"less*ness, n.

Formula

For"mu*la (?), n.; pl. E. Formulas (#), L. Formul\'91 (#). [L., dim. of forma form, model. SeeForm, n.]

1. A prescribed or set form; an established rule; a fixed or conventional method in which anything is to be done, arranged, or said.

2. (Eccl.) A written confession of faith; a formal statement of foctrines.

3. (Math.) A rule or principle expressed in algebraic language; as, the binominal formula.

4. (Med.) A prescription or recipe for the preparation of a medicinal compound.

5. (Chem.) A symbolic expression (by means of letters, figures, etc.) of the constituents or constitution of a compound. &hand; Chemical formul\'91 consist of the abbreviations of the names of the elements, with a small figure at the lower right hand, to denote the number of atoms of each element contained. Empirical formula (Chem.), an expression which gives the simple proportion of the constituents; as, the empirical formula of acetic acid is C2H4O2. -- Graphic formula, Rational formula (Chem.), an expression of the constitution, and in a limited sense of the structure, of a compound, by the grouping of its atoms or radicals; as, a rational formula of acetic acid is CH3.(C:O).OH; -- called also structural formula, constitutional formula, etc. See also the formula of Benzene nucleus, under Benzene. -- Molecular formula (Chem.), a formula indicating the supposed molecular constitution of a compound.

Formularistic

For`mu*la*ris"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or exhibiting, formularization. Emerson.

Formularization

For`mu*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of formularizing; a formularized or formulated statement or exhibition. C. Kingsley.

Formularize

For"mu*lar*ize (?), v. t. To reduce to a forula; to formulate.

Formulary

For"mu*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. formulaire. See Formula.] Stated; prescribed; ritual.

Formulary

For"mu*la*ry, n.; pl. Formularies (#). [Cf. F. formulaire.]

1. A book containing stated and prescribed forms, as of oaths, declarations, prayers, medical formula\'91, etc.; a book of precedents.

2. Prescribed form or model; formula.

Formulate

For"mu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Formulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Formulating (?).] To reduce to, or express in, a formula; to put in a clear and definite form of statement or expression. G. P. Marsh.

Formulation

For`mu*la"tion (?), n. The act, process, or result of formulating or reducing to a formula.

Formule

For"mule (?), n. [F.] A set or prescribed model; a formula. [Obs.] Johnson.

Formulization

For`mu*li*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of reducing to a formula; the state of being formulized.

Formulize

For"mu*lize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Formulized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Formulizing (?).] To reduce to a formula; to formulate. Emerson.

Formyl

For"myl (?), n. [Formic + -yl.] (Chem.) (a) A univalent radical, H.C:O, regarded as the essential residue of formic acid and aldehyde. (b) Formerly, the radical methyl, CH3.

Forncast

Forn*cast" (?), p. p. [OE. foren + cast. See Forecast.] Predestined. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fornical

For"ni*cal (?), a. Relating to a fornix.

Fornicate, Fornicated

For"ni*cate (?), For"ni*ca`ted (?), a. [L. fornicatus, fr. fornix, -icis, an arch, vault.]

1. Vaulted like an oven or furnace; arched.

2. (Bot.) Arching over; overarched. Gray.


Page 588

Fornicate

For"ni*cate (?), v. i. [L. fornicatus, p. p. of fornicari to fornicate, fr. fornix, -icis, a vault, a brothel in an underground vault.] To commit fornication; to have unlawful sexual intercourse.

Fornication

For`ni*ca"tion (?), n. [F. fornication, L. fornicatio.]

1. Unlawful sexual intercourse on the part of an unmarried person; the act of such illicit sexual intercourse between a man and a woman as does not by law amount to adultery. &hand; In England, the offense, though cognizable in the ecclesiastical courts, was not at common law subject to secular prosecution. In the United States it is indictable in some States at common law, in others only by statute. Whartyon.

2. (Script.) (a) Adultery. (b) Incest. (c) Idolatry.

Fornicator

For"ni*ca`tor (?), n. [F. fornicateur, OF. fornicator, from L. fornicator.] An unmarried person, male or female, who has criminal intercourse with the other sex; one guilty of fornication.

Fornicatress

For"ni*ca`tress (?), n. [Cf. F. fornicatrice, L. fornicatrix.] A woman guilty of fornication. Shak.

Fornix

For"nix (?), n.; pl. Fornices (#). [L., an arch.] (Anat.) (a) An arch or fold; as, the fornix, or vault, of the cranium; the fornix, or reflection, of the conjuctiva. (b) Esp., two longitudinal bands of white nervous tissue beneath the lateral ventricles of the brain.

Forold

For*old" (?), a. Very old. [Obs.]
A bear's skin, coal-black, forold. Chaucer.

Forpass

For*pass" (?), v. t. & i. To pass by or along; to pass over. [Obs.] Spenser.

Forpine

For*pine" (?), v. t. To waste away completely by suffering or torment. [Archaic] "Pale as a forpined ghost." Chaucer.

Forray

For"ray (? ∨ ?), v. t. [OE. forrayen. See Foray.] To foray; to ravage; to pillage.
For they that morn had forrayed all the land. Fairfax.

Forray

For"ray, n. The act of ravaging; a ravaging; a predatory excursion. See Foray.

Forrill

For"rill (?), n. [See Forel.] Lambskin parchment; vellum; forel. McElrath.

Forsake

For*sake" (?), v. t. [imp. Forsook (?); p. p. Forsaken (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forsaking.] [AS. forsacan to oppose, refuse; for- + sacan to contend, strive; akin to Goth. sakan. See For-, and Sake.]

1. To quit or leave entirely; to desert; to abandon; to depart or withdraw from; to leave; as, false friends and flatterers forsake us in adversity.

If his children forsake my law, and walk not in my judgments. Ps. lxxxix. 30.

2. To renounce; to reject; to refuse.

If you forsake the offer of their love. Shak.
Syn. -- To abandon; quit; desert; fail; relinquish; give up; renounce; reject. See Abandon.

Forsaker

For*sak"er (?), n. One who forsakes or deserts.

Forsay

For*say" (?), v. t. [AS. forsecgan to accuse; pref. for- + secgan to say.] To forbid; to renounce; to forsake; to deny. [Obs.] Spenser.

Forshape

For*shape" (?), v. t. [Pref. for- + shape, v.t.] To render misshapen. [Obs.] Gower.

Forslack

For*slack" (?), v. t. [Pref. for- + slack to neglect.] To neglect by idleness; to delay or to waste by sloth. [Obs.] Spenser.

Forslouthe

For*slouth"e (?), v. t. [See For-, and Slouth.] To lose by sloth or negligence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Forslow

For*slow" (?), v. t. [Pref. for- + slow.] To delay; to hinder; to neglect; to put off. [Obs.] Bacon.

Forslow

For*slow", v. i. To loiter. [Obs.] Shak.

Forslugge

For*slug"ge (?), v. t. [See Slug to be idle.] To lsoe by idleness or slotch. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Forsooth

For*sooth" (?), adv. [AS. fors\'d3\'eb; for, prep. + s\'d3\'eb sooth, truth. See For, prep., and Sooth.] In truth; in fact; certainly; very well; -- formerly used as an expression of deference or respect, especially to woman; now used ironically or contemptuously.
A fit man, forsooth, to govern a realm! Hayward.
Our old English word forsooth has been changed for the French madam. Guardian.

Forsooth

For*sooth", v. t. To address respectfully with the term forsooth. [Obs.]
The captain of the "Charles" had forsoothed her, though he knew her well enough and she him. Pepys.

Forsooth

For*sooth", n. A person who used forsooth much; a very ceremonious and deferential person. [R.]
You sip so like a forsooth of the city. B. Jonson.

Forspeak

For*speak" (?), v. t. [Pref. for- + speak.]

1. To forbid; to prohibit. Shak.

2. To bewitch. [Obs.] Drayton.

Forspent

For*spent" (?), a. [AS. forspendan to consume; pref. for- + spendan to spend.] Wasted in strength; tired; exhausted. [Archaic]
A gentleman almost forspent with speed. Shak.

Forstall

For*stall" (?), v. t. To forestall. [Obs.] Spenser.

Forster

Fors"ter (?), n. A forester. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Forstraught

For*straught" (?), p. p. & a. [Pref. for- + straught; cf. distraught.] Distracted. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Forswat

For*swat" (?), a. [See Sweat.] Spent with heat; covered with sweat. [Obs.] P. Sidney.

Forswear

For*swear" (?), v. t. [imp. Forswore (?); p. p. Forsworn (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Forswearing.] [OE. forsweren, forswerien, AS. forswerian; pref. for- + swerian to swear. See For-, and Swear, v. i.]

1. To reject or renounce upon oath; hence, to renounce earnestly, determinedly, or with protestations.

I . . . do forswear her. Shak.

2. To deny upon oath.

Like innocence, and as serenely bold As truth, how loudly he forswears thy gold! Dryden.
To forswear one's self, to swear falsely; to peforswear thyself." Syn. -- See Perjure.

Forswear

For*swear", v. i. To swear falsely; to commit perjury. Shak.

Forswearer

For*swear"er (?), n. One who rejects of renounces upon oath; one who swears a false oath.

Forswonk

For*swonk" (?), a. [Pref. for- + swonk, p.p. of swinkto labor. See Swink.] Overlabored; exhausted; worn out. [Obs.] Spenser.

Forswore

For*swore" (?), imp. of Forswear.

Forsworn

For*sworn" (?), p. p. of Forswear.

Forswornness

For*sworn"ness, n. State of being forsworn. [R.]

Forsythia

For*syth"i*a (?), a. [NL. Named after William Forsyth, who brought in from China.] (Bot.) A shrub of the Olive family, with yellow blossoms.

Fort

Fort (?), n. [F., from fort strong, L. fortis; perh. akin to Skr. darh to fix, make firm, and to E. firm Cf. Forte, Force, Fortalice, Comfort, Effort.] (Mil.) A strong or fortified place; usually, a small fortified place, occupied only by troops, surrounded with a ditch, rampart, and parapet, or with palisades, stockades, or other means of defense; a fortification.
Detached works, depending solely on their own strength, belong to the class of works termed forts. Farrow.

Fortalice

Fort"a*lice (?), n. [LL. fortalitia, or OF. fortelesce. See Fortress.] (Mil.) A small outwork of a fortification; a fortilage; -- called also fortelace.

Forte

Forte (f&omac;rt), n. [IT. forte: cf. F. fort. See Fort.]

1. The strong point; that in which one excels. <-- sense 2 is often pronounced f&omac;rt"&amac; -->

The construction of a fable seems by no means the forte of our modern poetical writers. Jeffrey.

2. The stronger part of the blade of a sword; the part of half nearest the hilt; -- opposed to foible.

Forte

For"te (f⊚r"t&asl; ∨ f&omac;r"t&asl;), adv. [It. forte, a. & adv., fr. L. fortis strong.] (Mus.) Loudly; strongly; powerfully.

Forted

Fort"ed (?), a. Furnished with, or guarded by, forts; strengthened or defended, as by forts. [R.] Shak.

Forth

Forth (?), v.[AS. for&edh;, fr. for akin to D. voort, G. fort &root;78. See Fore, For, and cf. Afford, Further, adv.]

1. Forward; onward in time, place, or order; in advance from a given point; on to end; as, from that day forth; one, two, three, and so forth.

Lucas was Paul's companion, at the leastway from the sixteenth of the Acts forth. Tyndale.
From this time forth, I never will speak word. Shak.
I repeated the Ave Maria; the inquisitor bad me say forth; I said I was taught no more. Strype.

2. Out, as from a state of concealment, retirement, confinement, nondevelopment, or the like; out into notice or view; as, the plants in spring put forth leaves.

When winter past, and summer scarce begun, Invites them forth to labor in the sun. Dryden.

3. Beyond a (certain) boundary; away; abroad; out.

I have no mind of feasting forth to-night. Shak.

4. Throughly; from beginning to end. [Obs.] Shak. And so forth, Back and forth, From forth. See under And, Back, and From. -- Forth of, Forth from, out of [Obs.] Shak. -- To bring forth. See under Bring.

Forth

Forth, prep. Forth from; out of. [Archaic]
Some forth their cabins peep. Donne.

Forth

Forth, n. [OE., a ford. Frith.] A way; a passage or ford. [Obs.] Todd.

Forthby

Forth`by" (?), adv. [Obs.] See Forby.

Forthcoming

Forth"com`ing (? ∨ ?), a. Ready or about to appear; making appearance.

Forthgoing

Forth"go`ing (? ∨ ?), n. A going forth; an utterance. A. Chalmers.

Forthgoing

Forth"go`ing, a. Going forth.

Forthink

For*think" (?), v. t. To repent; to regret; to be sorry for; to cause regret. [Obs.] "Let it forthink you." Tyndale.
That me forthinketh, quod this January. Chaucer.

Forthputing

Forth"put`ing (? ∨ ?), a. Bold; forward; aggressive.

Forthright

Forth"right` (? ∨ ?), adv. [Forth, adv. + right, adv.] Straight forward; in a straight direction. [Archaic] Sir P. Sidney.

Forthright

Forth"right`, a. Direct; straightforward; as, a forthright man. [Archaic] Lowell.
They were Night and Day, and Day and Night, Piligrims wight with steps forthright. Emerson.

Forthright

Forth"right`, n. A straight path. [Archaic]
Here's a maze trod, indeed, Through forthrights and meanders! Shak.

Forthrightness

Forth"right`ness, n. Straightforwardness; explicitness; directness. [Archaic]
Dante's concise forthrightness of phrase. Hawthorne.

Forthward

Forth"ward (?), adv. [Forth, adv. + -ward.] Forward. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.

Forthwith

Forth`with" (? ∨ ?; see With), adv.

1. Immediately; without delay; directly.

Immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales; and he received sight forthwith. Acts ix. 18.

2. (Law) As soon as the thing required may be done by reasonable exertion confined to that object. Bouvier.

Forthy

For*thy" (?), adv. [AS. for&edh;&ymac;; for, prep. + &edh;&ymac;, instrumental neut. of se, se\'a2, &edh;\'91t, pron. demonstrative and article. See The.] Therefore. [Obs.] Spenser.

Forties

For"ties (?), n. pl. See Forty.

Fortieth

For"ti*eth (?), a. [AS. fe\'a2wertigo. See Forty.]

1. Following the thirty-ninth, or preceded by thirty-nine units, things, or parts.

2. Constituting one of forty equal parts into which anything is divided.

Fortieth

For"ti*eth, n. One of forty equal parts into which one whole is divided; the quotient of a unit divided by forty; one next in order after the thirty-ninth.

Fortifiable

For"ti*fi`a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. fortifiable.] Capable of being fortified. Johnson.

Fortification

For`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. fortificatio : cf. F. fortification.]

1. The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places in order to defend them against an enemy.

2. That which fortifies; especially, a work or works erected to defend a place against attack; a fortified place; a fortress; a fort; a castle. Fortification agate, Scotch pebble. Syn. -- Fortress; citadel; bulwark. See Fortress.

Fortifier

For"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, fortifies, strengthens, supports, or upholds.

Fortify

For"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fortified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fortifying.] [F. fortifier, L. fortificare; fortis strong + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Fort, and -fy.]

1. To add strength to; to strengthen; to confirm; to furnish with power to resist attack.

Timidity was fortified by pride. Gibbon.
Pride came to the aid of fancy, and both combined to fortify his resolution. Sir W. Scott.

2. To strengthen and secure by forts or batteries, or by surrounding with a wall or ditch or other military works; to render defensible against an attack by hostile forces.

Fortify

For"ti*fy, v. i. To raise defensive works. Milton.

Fortilage

For"ti*lage (?; 48), n. [Cf. Fortalice.] A little fort; a blockhouse. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fortin

Fort"in (?), n. [F. See Fort, n.] A little fort; a fortlet. [Obs.]

Fortissimo

For*tis"si*mo (? ∨ ?), adv. [It., superl. of forte, adv. See Forte, adv.] (Mus.) Very loud; with the utmost strength or loudness.

Fortition

For*ti"tion (?), n. [See Fortuitous.] Casual choice; fortuitous selection; hazard. [R.]
No mode of election operating in the spirit of fortition or rotation can be generally good. Burke.

Fortitude

For"ti*tude (?), n. [L. fortitudo, fr. fortis strong. See Fort.]

1. Power to resist attack; strength; firmness. [Obs.]

The fortitude of the place is best known to you. Shak.

2. That strength or firmness of mind which enables a person to encounter danger with coolness and courage, or to bear pain or adversity without murmuring, depression, or despondency; passive courage; resolute endurance; firmness in confronting or bearing up against danger or enduring trouble.

Extolling patience as the truest fortitude. Milton.
Fortitude is the guard and support of the other virtues. Locke.
Syn. -- Courage; resolution; resoluteness; endurance; bravery. See Courage, and Heroism.

Fortitudinous

For`ti*tu"di*nous (?), a. Having fortitude; courageous. [R.] Gibbon.

Fortlet

Fort"let (?), n. A little fort. [R.] Bailey.

Fortnight

Fort"night` (?; in U.S. often ?; 277), n. [Contr. fr. fourteen nights, our ancestors reckoning time by nights and winters; so, also, seven nights, sennight, a week.] The space of fourteen days; two weeks.

Fortnightly

Fort"night`ly (?), a. Occurring or appearing once in a fortnight; as, a fortnightly meeting of a club; a fortnightly magazine, or other publication. -- adv. Once in a fortnight; at intervals of a fortnight.

Fortread

For*tread" (?), v. t. To tread down; to trample upon. [Obs.]
In hell shall they be all fortroden of devils. Chaucer.

Fortress

For"tress (?), n.; pl. Fortresses (#). [F. forteresse, OF. forteresce, fortelesce, LL. foralitia, fr. L. fortis strong. See Fort, and cf. Fortalice.] A fortified place; a large and permanent fortification, sometimes including a town; a fort; a castle; a stronghold; a place of defense or security. Syn. -- Fortress, Fortification, Castle, Citadel. A fortress is constructed for military purposes only, and is permanently garrisoned; a fortification is built to defend harbors, cities, etc.; a castle is a fortress of early times which was ordinarily a palatial dwelling; a citadel is the stronghold of a fortress or city, etc.

Fortress

For"tress, v. t. To furnish with a fortress or with fortresses; to guard; to fortify. Shak.

Fortuitous

For*tu"i*tous (?), a. [L. fortuitus; akin to forte, adv., by chance, prop. abl. of fors, fortis, chance. See Fortune.]

1. Happening by chance; coming or occuring unexpectedly, or without any known cause; chance; as, the fortuitous concourse of atoms.

It was from causes seemingly fortuitous . . . that all the mighty effects of the Reformation flowed. Robertson.
So as to throw a glancing and fortuitous light upon the whole. Hazlitt.

2. (LAw) Happening independently of human will or means of foresight; resulting from unavoidable physical causes. Abbott. Syn. -- Accidental; casual; contingent; incidental. See Accidental. -- For*tu"i*tous*ly, adv. -- For*tu"i*tous*ness, n.

Fortuity

For*tu"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fortuit\'82.] Accident; chance; casualty. D. Forbes (1750).

Fortunate

For"tu*nate (?; 135), a. [L. fortunatus, p.p. of fortunare to make fortunate or prosperous, fr. fortuna. See Fortune, n.]

1. Coming by good luck or favorable chance; bringing some good thing not foreseen as certain; presaging happiness; auspicious; as, a fortunate event; a fortunate concurrence of circumstances; a fortunate investment.

2. Receiving same unforeseen or unexpected good, or some good which was not dependent on one's own skill or efforts; favored with good forune; lucky. Syn. -- Auspicious; lucky; prosperous; successful; favored; happy. -- Fortunate, Successful, Prosperous. A man is fortunate, when he is favored of fortune, and has unusual blessings fall to his lot; successful when he gains what he aims at; prosperous when he succeeds in those things which men commonly desire. One may be fortunate, in some cases, where he is not successful; he may be successful, but, if he has been mistaken in the value of what he has aimed at, he may for that reason fail to be prosperous.

Fortunately

For"tu*nate*ly, adv. In a fortunate manner; luckily; successfully; happily.

Fortunateness

For"tu*nate*ness, n. The condition or quality of being fortunate; good luck; success; happiness.
Page 589

Fortune

For"tune (?; 135), n. [F. fortune, L. fortuna; akin to fors, fortis, chance, prob. fr. ferre to bear, bring. See Bear to support, and cf. Fortuitous.]

1. The arrival of something in a sudden or unexpected manner; chance; accident; luck; hap; also, the personified or deified power regarded as determining human success, apportioning happiness and unhappiness, and distributing arbitrarily or fortuitously the lots of life.

'T is more by fortune, lady, than by merit. Shak.
O Fortune, Fortune, all men call thee fickle. Shak.

2. That which befalls or is to befall one; lot in life, or event in any particular undertaking; fate; destiny; as, to tell one's fortune.

You, who men's fortunes in their faces read. Cowley.

3. That which comes as the result of an undertaking or of a course of action; good or ill success; especially, favorable issue; happy event; success; prosperity as reached partly by chance and partly by effort.

Our equal crimes shall equal fortune give. Dryden.
There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune. Shak.
His father dying, he was driven to seek his fortune. Swift.

4. Wealth; large possessions; large estate; riches; as, a gentleman of fortune. Syn. -- Chance; accident; luck; fate. Fortune book, a book supposed to reveal future events to those who consult it. Crashaw. - Fortune hunter, one who seeks to acquire wealth by marriage. -- Fortune teller, one who professes to tell future events in the life of another. -- Fortune telling, the practice or art of professing to reveal future events in the life of another.

Fortune

For"tune, v. t. [OF. fortuner, L. fortunare. See Fortune, n.]

1. To make fortunate; to give either good or bad fortune to. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To provide with a fortune. Richardson.

3. To presage; to tell the fortune of. [Obs.] Dryden.

Fortune

For"tune, v. i. To fall out; to happen.
It fortuned the same night that a Christian, serving a Turk in the camp, secretely gave the watchmen warning. Knolles.

Fortuneless

For"tune*less, a. Luckless; also, destitute of a fortune or portion. Spenser.

Fortunize

For"tun*ize (?), v. t. To regulate the fortune of; to make happy. [Obs.] Spenser.

Forty

For"ty (?), a. [OE. forti, fourti, fowerty, AS. fe\'a2wertig; fe\'a2wer four + suff. -tig ten; akin to OS. fiwartig, fiartig, D. veertig, G. vierzig, Icel. fj\'94rut\'c6u, Sw. fyratio, Dan. fyrretyve, Goth. fidw. See Four, and Ten, and cf. Fourteen.] Four times ten; thirtynine and one more.

Forty

For"ty, n.; pl. Forties (.

1. The sum of four tens; forty units or objects.

2. A symbol expressing forty units; as, 40, or xl.

Forty-spot

For"ty-spot` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The Tasmanian forty-spotted diamond bird (Pardalotus quadragintus).

Forum

Fo"rum (?), n.; pl. E. Forums (#), L. Fora (#). [L.; akin to foris, foras, out of doors. See Foreign.]

1. A market place or public place in Rome, where causes were judicially tried, and orations delivered to the people.

2. A tribunal; a court; an assembly empowered to hear and decide causes.

He [Lord Camden] was . . . more eminent in the senate than in the forum. Brougham.

Forwaked

For*waked" (? ∨ ?), p. p. & a. Tired out with excessive waking or watching. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Forwander

For*wan"der (?), v. i. To wander away; to go astray; to wander far and to weariness. [Obs.]<-- sic. ? -->

Forward

For"ward (?), n. [OE., fr. AS. foreweard; fore before + weard a ward. See Ward, n.] An agreement; a covenant; a promise. [Obs.]
Tell us a tale anon, as forward is. Chaucer.

Forward, Forwards

For"ward (?), For"wards (?), adv. [AS. forweard, foreweard; for, fore + -weardes; akin to G. vorw\'84rts. The s is properly a genitive ending. See For, Fore, and -ward, -wards.] Toward a part or place before or in front; onward; in advance; progressively; -- opposed to backward.

Forward

For"ward, a.

1. Near, or at the fore part; in advance of something else; as, the forward gun in a ship, or the forward ship in a fleet.

2. Ready; prompt; strongly inclined; in an ill sense, overready; to hasty.

Only they would that we should remember the poor; the same which I also was forward to do. Gal. ii. 10.
Nor do we find him forward to be sounded. Shak.

3. Ardent; eager; earnest; in an ill sense, less reserved or modest than is proper; bold; confident; as, the boy is too forward for his years.

I have known men disagreeably forward from their shyness. T. Arnold.

4. Advanced beyond the usual degree; advanced for season; as, the grass is forward, or forward for the season; we have a forward spring. <-- the latter sense is now early. -->

The most forward bud Is eaten by the canker ere it blow. Shak.

Forward

For"ward (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Forwarded; p.pr. & vb.n. Forwarding.]

1. To help onward; to advance; to promote; to accelerate; to quicken; to hasten; as, to forward the growth of a plant; to forward one in improvement.

2. To send forward; to send toward the place of destination; to transmit; as, to forward a letter.

Forwarder

For"ward*er (?), n.

1. One who forwards or promotes; a promoter. Udall.

2. One who sends forward anything; (Com.) one who transmits goods; a forwarding merchant. <-- e.g. freight forwarder -->

3. (Bookbinding) One employed in forwarding.

Forwarding

For"ward*ing, n.

1. The act of one who forwards; the act or occupation of transmitting merchandise or other property for others.

2. (Bookbinding) The process of putting a book into its cover, and making it ready for the finisher.

Forwardly

For"ward*ly (?), adv. Eagerly; hastily; obtrusively.

Forwardness

For"ward*ness, n. The quality of being forward; cheerful readiness; promtness; as, the forwardness of Christians in propagating the gospel.

2. An advanced stage of progress or of preparation; advancement; as, his measures were in great forwardness. Robertson.

3. Eagerness; ardor; as, it is difficult to restrain the forwardness of youth.

3. Boldness; confidence; assurance; want of due reserve or modesty.

In France it is usual to bring children into company, and cherish in them, from their infancy, a kind of forwardness and assurance. Addison.

5. A state of advance beyond the usual degree; prematureness; precocity; as, the forwardnessof spring or of corn; the forwardness of a pupil.

He had such a dexterous proclivity, as his teachers were fain to restrain his forwardness. Sir H. Wotton.
Syn. -- Promptness; promptitude; eagerness; ardor; zeal; assurance; confidence; boldness; impudence; presumption.

Forwards

For"wards (?), adv. Same as Forward.

Forwaste

For*waste" (?), v. t. [Pref. for- + waste.] To desolate or lay waste utterly. [Obs.] Spenser.

Forwweary

For*wwea"ry (?), v. t. To weary extremely; to dispirit. [Obs.] Spenser.

Forweep

For*weep" (?), v. i. To weep much. [Obs.]

Forwete

For*wete" (?), v. t. See Forewite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Forwhy

For*why" (?), conj. [For + why, AS. hw, instrumental case of hw\'be who.] Wherefore; because. [Obs.]

Forworn

For*worn" (?), a. Much worn. [Obs.]
A silly man, in simple weeds forworn. Spenser.

Forwot

For*wot" (?), pres. indic. 1st & 3d pers. sing. of Forwete. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Forwrap

For*wrap" (?), v. t. To wrap up; to conceal. [Obs.]
All mote be said and nought excused, nor hid, nor forwrapped. Chaucer.

Foryelde

For*yelde" (?), v. t. [AS. forgieldan.] To repay; to requite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Foryete

For*yete" (?), v. t. To forget. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Foryetten

For*yet"ten (?), obs. p. p. of Foryete. Chaucer.

Forzando

For*zan"do (?), adv. [It., prop. p.p. of forzare to force.] (Mus.) See Sforzato.

Fossa

Fos"sa (?), n.; pl. Foss\'92 (#). [L., a ditch. See Fosse.] (Anat.) A pit, groove, cavity, or depression, of greater or less depth; as, the temporal fossa on the side of the skull; the nasal foss\'91 containing the nostrils in most birds.

Fossane

Fos"sane` (?), n. [Cf. F. fossane.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of civet (Viverra fossa) resembling the genet.

Fosse

Fosse (?), n. [F., fr. L. fossa, fr. fodere, fossum, to dig.]

1. (Fort.) A ditch or moat.

2. (Anat.) See Fossa. Fosse road. See Fosseway.

Fosset

Fos"set (?), n. A faucet. [Obs.] Shak.

Fossette

Fos`sette" (? ∨ ?), n. [F., dim. of fosse a fosse.]

1. A little hollow; hence, a dimple.

2. (Med.) A small, deep-centered ulcer of the transparent cornea.

Fosseway

Fosse"way` (?), n. One of the great military roads constructed by the Romans in England and other parts of Europe; -- so called from the fosse or ditch on each side for keeping it dry.

Fossil

Fos"sil (?), a. [L. fossilis, fr. fodere to dig: cf. F. fossile. See Fosse.]

1. Dug out of the eart; as, fossil coal; fossil salt.

2. (Paleon.) Like or pertaining to fossils; contained in rocks. whether petrified or not; as, fossil plants, shells. Fossil copal, a resinous substance, first found in the blue clay at Highgate, near London, and apparently a vegetable resin, partly changed by remaining in the earth. -- Fossil cork, flax, paper, ∨ wood, varieties of amianthus. -- Fossil farina, a soft carbonate of lime. -- Fossil ore, fossiliferous red hematite. Raymond.

Fossil

Fos"sil, n.

1. A substance dug from the earth. [Obs.] &hand; Formerly all minerals were called fossils, but the word is now restricted to express the remains of animals and plants found buried in the earth. Ure.

2. (Paleon.) The remains of an animal or plant found in stratified rocks. Most fossils belong to extinct species, but many of the later ones belong to species still living.

3. A person whose views and opinions are extremely antiquated; one whose sympathies are with a former time rather than with the present. [Colloq.]

Fossiliferous

Fos`sil*if"er*ous (?), a. [Fossil + -ferous.] (Paleon.) Containing or composed of fossils.

Fossilification

Fos*sil`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Fossil + L. facere to make.] The process of becoming fossil.

Fossilism

Fos"sil*ism (?), n.

1. The science or state of fossils. Coleridge.

2. The state of being extremely antiquated in views and opinions.

Fossilist

Fos"sil*ist, n. One who is versed in the science of fossils; a paleontologist. Joseph Black.

Fossilization

Fos`sil*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. fossilisation.] The process of converting, or of being converted, into a fossil.

Fossilize

Fos"sil*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fossilized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fossilizing (?).] [Cf. F. fossiliser.]

1. To convert into a fossil; to petrify; as, to fossilize bones or wood.

2. To cause to become antiquated, rigid, or fixed, as by fossilization; to mummify; to deaden.

Ten layers of birthdays on a woman's head Are apt to fossilize her girlish mirth. Mrs. Browning.

Fossilize

Fos"sil*ize, v. i.

1. To become fossil.

2. To become antiquated, rigid, or fixed, beyond the influence of change or progress.

Fossilized

Fos"sil*ized (?), a. Converted into a fossil; antiquated; firmly fixed in views or opinions.
A fossilized sample of confused provincialism. Earle.

Fossores

Fos*so"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. fossor digger, fr. fodere to dig.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of hymenopterous insects including the sand wasps. They excavate cells in earth, where they deposit their eggs, with the bodies of other insects for the food of the young when hatched. [Written also Fossoria.]

Fossoria

Fos*so"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) See Fossores.

Fossorial

Fos*so"ri*al (?), a. [L. fossor a digger.] Fitted for digging, adapted for burrowing or digging; as, a fossorial foot; a fossorial animal.

Fossorious

Fos*so"ri*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Adapted for digging; -- said of the legs of certain insects.

Fossulate

Fos"su*late (?), a. [L. fossula little ditch, dim. of fossa. See Fosse.] Having, or surrounded by, long, narrow depressions or furrows.

Foster

Fos"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fostered (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Fostering.] [OE. fostren, fr. AS. f\'d3ster, f\'d3stor, food, nourishment, fr. f\'d3da food. \'fb75. See Food.]

1. To feed; to nourish; to support; to bring up.

Some say that ravens foster forlorn children. Shak.

2. To cherish; to promote the growth of; to encourage; to sustain and promote; as, to foster genius.

Foster

Fos"ter, v. i. To be nourished or trained up together. [Obs.] Spenser.

Foster

Fos"ter, a. [AS. f\'d3ster, f\'d3stor, nourishment. See Foster, v. t.] Relating to nourishment; affording, receiving, or sharing nourishment or nurture; -- applied to father, mother, child, brother, etc., to indicate that the person so called stands in the relation of parent, child, brother, etc., as regards sustenance and nurture, but not by tie of blood. Foster babe, ∨ child, an infant of child nursed by a woman not its mother, or bred by a man not its father. -- Foster brother, Foster sister, one who is, or has been, nursed at the same breast, or brought up by the same nurse as another, but is not of the same parentage. -- Foster dam, one who takes the place of a mother; a nurse. Dryden. -- Foster earth, earth by which a plant is nourished, though not its native soil. J. Philips. -- Foster father, a man who takes the place of a father in caring for a child. Bacon. -- Foster land. (a) Land allotted for the maintenance of any one. [Obs.] (b) One's adopted country. -- Foster lean [foster + AS. l\'91n a loan See Loan.], remuneration fixed for the rearing of a foster child; also, the jointure of a wife. [Obs.] Wharton. -- Foster mother, a woman who takes a mother's place in the nurture and care of a child; a nurse. -- Foster nurse, a nurse; a nourisher. [R.] Shak. -- Foster parent, a foster mother or foster father. -- Foster son, a male foster child.

Foster

Fos"ter, n. A forester. [Obs.] Spenser.

Fosterage

Fos"ter*age (?; 48), n. The care of a foster child; the charge of nursing. Sir W. Raleigh.

Foster

Fos"ter (?), n. One who, or that which, fosters.

Fosterling

Fos"ter*ling, n. [AS. f\'d3storling.] A foster child.

Fosterment

Fos"ter*ment (?), n. Food; nourishment. [Obs.]

Fostress

Fos"tress (?), n. [For fosteress.] A woman who feeds and cherishes; a nurse. B. Jonson.

Fother

Foth"er (?), n. [OE. fother, foder, AS. f\'d3 a cartload; akin to G. fuder a cartload, a unit of measure, OHG. fuodar, D. voeder, and perh. to E. fathom, or cf. Skr. p\'betr\'be vessel, dish. Cf. Fodder a fother.]

1. A wagonload; a load of any sort. [Obs.]

Of dung full many a fother. Chaucer.

2. See Fodder, a unit of weight.

Fother

Foth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fothered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fothering.] [Cf. Fodder food, and G. f\'81ttern, futtern, to cover within or without, to line. \'fb75.] To stop (a leak in a ship at sea) by drawing under its bottom a thrummed sail, so that the pressure of the water may force it into the crack. Totten.

Fotive

Fo"tive (?), a. [L. fovere, fotum, to keep warm, to cherish.] Nourishing. [Obs.] T. Carew (1633).

Fotmal

Fot"mal (?), n. (Com.) Seventy pounds of lead.

Fougade, Fougasse

Fou`gade" (?), Fou`gasse" (?), n. (Mil.) A small mine, in the form of a well sunk from the surface of the ground, charged with explosive and projectiles. It is made in a position likely to be occupied by the enemy.

Fought

Fought (?), imp. & p. p. of Fight.

Foughten

Fought"en (?), p. p. of Fight. [Archaic]

Foul

Foul (?), n. [See Fowl.] A bird. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Foul

Foul (?), a. [Compar. Fouler (-&etil;r); superl. Foulest.] [OE. foul, ful, AS. f&umac;l; akin to D. vuil, G. faul rotten, OHG. f&umac;l, Icel. f&umac;l foul, fetid; Dan. fuul, Sw. ful foul, Goth. f&umac;ls fetid, Lith. puti to be putrid, L. putere to stink, be putrid, pus pus, Gr. py`on pus, to cause to rot, Skr. p&umac;y to stink. \'fb82. Cf. Defile to foul, File to foul, Filth, Pus, Putrid.]

1. Covered with, or containing, extraneous matter which is injurious, noxious, offensive, or obstructive; filthy; dirty; not clean; polluted; nasty; defiled; as, a foul cloth; foul hands; a foul chimney; foul air; a ship's bottom is foul when overgrown with barnacles; a gun becomes foul from repeated firing; a well is foul with polluted water.

My face is foul with weeping. Job. xvi. 16.

2. Scurrilous; obscene or profane; abusive; as, foul words; foul language.

3. Hateful; detestable; shameful; odious; wretched. "The foul with Sycorax." Shak.

Who first seduced them to that foul revolt? Milton.

4. Loathsome; disgusting; as, a foul disease.

5. Ugly; homely; poor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Let us, like merchants, show our foulest wares. Shak.

6. Not favorable; unpropitious; not fair or advantageous; as, a foul wind; a foul road; cloudy or rainy; stormy; not fair; -- said of the weather, sky, etc.

So foul a sky clears not without a storm. Shak.

7. Not conformed to the established rules and customs of a game, conflict, test, etc.; unfair; dishonest; dishonorable; cheating; as, foul play.

8. Having freedom of motion interfered with by collision or entanglement; entangled; -- opposed to clear; as, a rope or cable may get foul while paying it out.


Page 590

Foul anchor. (Naut.) See under Anchor. -- Foul ball (Baseball), a ball that first strikes the ground outside of the foul ball lines, or rolls outside of certain limits. -- Foul ball lines (Baseball), lines from the home base, through the first and third bases, to the boundary of the field. -- Foul berth (Naut.), a berth in which a ship is in danger of fouling another vesel. -- Foul bill, ∨ Foul bill of health, a certificate, duly authenticated, that a ship has come from a place where a contagious disorder prevails, or that some of the crew are infected. -- Foul copy, a rough draught, with erasures and corrections; -- opposed to fair or clean copy. "Some writers boast of negligence, and others would be ashamed to show their foul copies." Cowper. -- Foul proof, an uncorrected proof; a proof containing an excessive quantity of errors. -- Foul strike (Baseball), a strike by the batsman when any part of his person is outside of the lines of his position. -- To fall foul, to fall out; to quarrel. [Obs.] "If they be any ways offended, they fall foul." Burton. -- To fall, ∨ run, foul of. See under Fall. -- To make foul water, to sail in such shallow water that the ship's keel stirs the mud at the bottom.

Foul

Foul (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fouled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fouling.]

1. To make filthy; to defile; to daub; to dirty; to soil; as, to foul the face or hands with mire.

2. (Mil.) To incrust (the bore of a gun) with burnt powder in the process of firing.

3. To cover (a ship's bottom) with anything that impered its sailing; as, a bottom fouled with barnacles.

4. To entangle, so as to impede motion; as, to foul a rope or cable in paying it out; to come into collision with; as, one boat fouled the other in a race.

Foul

Foul, v. i.

1. To become clogged with burnt powder in the process of firing, as a gun.

2. To become entagled, as ropes; to come into collision with something; as, the two boats fouled.

Foul

Foul, n.

1. An entanglement; a collision, as in a boat race.

2. (Baseball) See Foul ball, under Foul, a.

Foulard

Fou`lard" (?), n. [F.] A thin, washable material of silk, or silk and cotton, originally imported from India, but now also made elsewhere.

Foulder

Foul"der (?), v. i. [OE. fouldre lightning, fr. F. foudre, OF. also fouldre, fr. L. fulgur. See Fulgor.] To flash, as lightning; to lighten; to gleam; to thunder. [Obs.] "Flames of fouldering heat." Spenser.

Foule

Foul"e (?), adv. Foully. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Foully

Foul"ly (?), v.In a foul manner; filthily; nastily; shamefully; unfairly; dishonorably.
I foully wronged him; do forgive me, do. Gay.

Foul-mouthed

Foul"-mouthed` (?), a. Using language scurrilous, opprobrious, obscene, or profane; abusive.
So foul-mouthed a witness never appeared in any cause. Addison.

Foulness

Foul"ness, n. [AS. f.] The quality or condition of being foul.

Foul-spoken

Foul"-spo`ken (?), a. Using profane, scurrilous, slanderous, or obscene language. Shak.

Foumart

Fou"mart` (?), n. [OE. folmard, fulmard; AS. f foul + mear, meard, marten: cf. F. marte, martre. See Foul, a., and Marten the quadruped.] (Zo\'94l.) The European polecat; -- called also European ferret, and fitchew. See Polecat. [Written also foulmart, foulimart, and fulimart.]

Found

Found (?), imp. & p. p. of Find.

Found

Found, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Founded; p. pr. & vb. n. Founding.] [F. fondre, L. fundere to found, pour.] To form by melting a metal, and pouring it into a mold; to cast. "Whereof to found their engines." Milton.

Found

Found, n. A thin, single-cut file for combmakers.

Found

Found, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Founded; p. pr. & vb. n. Founding.] [F. fonder, L. fundare, fr. fundus bottom. See 1st Bottom, and cf. Founder, v. i., Fund.]

1. To lay the basis of; to set, or place, as on something solid, for support; to ground; to establish upon a basis, literal or figurative; to fix firmly.

I had else been perfect, Whole as the marble, founded as the rock. Shak.
A man that all his time Hath founded his good fortunes on your love. Shak.
It fell not, for it was founded on a rock. Matt. vii. 25.

2. To take the ffirst steps or measures in erecting or building up; to furnish the materials for beginning; to begin to raise; to originate; as, to found a college; to found a family.

There they shall found Their government, and their great senate choose. Milton.
Syn. -- To base; ground; institute; establish; fix. See Predicate.

Foundation

Foun*da"tion (?), n. [F. fondation, L. fundatio. See Found to establish.]

1. The act of founding, fixing, establishing, or beginning to erect.

2. That upon which anything is founded; that on which anything stands, and by which it is supported; the lowest and supporting layer of a superstructure; groundwork; basis.

Behold, I lay in Zion, for a foundation, a stone . . . a precious corner stone, a sure foundation. Is. xxviii. 16.
The foundation of a free common wealth. Motley.

3. (Arch.) The lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course (see Base course (a), under Base, n.) and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.

4. A donation or legacy appropriated to support a charitable institution, and constituting a permanent fund; endowment.

He was entered on the foundation of Westminster. Macaulay.

5. That which is founded, or established by endowment; an endowed institution or charity.

Against the canon laws of our foundation. Milton.
Foundation course. See Base course, under Base, n. -- Foundation muslin, an open-worked gummed fabric used for stiffening dresses, bonnets, etc. -- Foundation school, in England, an endowed school. -- To be on a foundation, to be entitled to a support from the proceeds of an endowment, as a scholar or a fellow of a college.

Foundationer

Foun*da"tion*er (?), n. One who derives support from the funds or foundation of a college or school. [Eng.]

Foundationless

Foun*da"tion*less, a. Having no foundation.

Founder

Found"er (?), n. [Cf. OF. fondeor, F. fondateur, L. fundator.] One who founds, establishes, and erects; one who lays a foundation; an author; one from whom anything originates; one who endows.

Founder

Found"er, n. [From Found to cast.] One who founds; one who casts metals in various forms; a caster; as, a founder of cannon, bells, hardware, or types. Fonder's dust. Same as Facing, 4. -- Founder's sand, a kind of sand suitable for purposes of molding.

Founder

Found"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Foundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Foundering.] [OF. fondrer to fall in, cf. F. s'effondrer, fr. fond bottom, L. fundus. See Found to establish.]

1. (Naut.) To become filled with water, and sink, as a ship.

2. To fall; to stumble and go lame, as a horse.

For which his horse fear\'82 gan to turn, And leep aside, and foundrede as he leep. Chaucer.

3. To fail; to miscarry. "All his tricks founder." Shak.

Founder

Found"er, v. t. To cause internal inflammation and soreness in the feet or limbs of (a horse), so as to disable or lame him.

Founder

Found"er, n. (Far.) (a) A lameness in the foot of a horse, occasioned by inflammation; closh. (b) An inflammatory fever of the body, or acute rheumatism; as, chest founder. See Chest ffounder. James White.

Founderous

Foun"der*ous (?), a. Difficult to travel; likely to trip one up; as, a founderous road. [R.] Burke.

Foundershaft

Found"er*shaft` (?), n. (Mining) The first shaft sunk. Raymond.

Foundery

Found"er*y (?), n.; pl. Founderies (#). [F. fonderie, fr. fondre. See Found to cast, and cf. Foundry.] Same as Foundry.

Founding

Found"ing, n. The art of smelting and casting metals.

Foundling

Found"ling (?), n. [OE. foundling, fundling; finden to find + -ling; cf. f\'81ndling, findling. See Find, v. t., and -ling.] A deserted or exposed infant; a child found without a parent or owner. Foundling hospital, a hospital for foundlings.

Foundress

Found"ress (?), n. A female founder; a woman who founds or establishes, or who endows with a fund.

Foundry

Found"ry (?), n.; pl. Foundries (#). [See Foundery.]

1. The act, process, or art of casting metals.

2. The buildings and works for casting metals. Foundry ladle, a vessel for holding molten metal and conveying it from cupola to the molds.

Fount

Fount (?), n. [See Font.] (Print.) A font.

Fount

Fount, n. [OF. font, funt, fr. L. fons, fontis, a fountain; of uncertain origin, perh. akin to fundere to pour, E. found to cast. Cf. Font.] A fountain.

Founttain

Fount"tain (?), n. [F. fontaine, LL. fontana, fr. L. fons, fontis. See 2d Fount.]

1. A spring of water issuing from the earth.

2. An artificially produced jet or stream of water; also, the structure or works in which such a jet or stream rises or flows; a basin built and constantly supplied with pure water for drinking and other useful purposes, or for ornament.

3. A reservoir or chamber to contain a liquid which can be conducted or drawn off as needed for use; as, the ink fountain in a printing press, etc.

4. The source from which anything proceeds, or from which anything is supplied continuously; origin; source.

Judea, the fountain of the gospel. Fuller.
Author of all being, Fountain of light, thyself invisible. Milton.
Air fountain. See under Air. -- Fountain heead, primary source; original; first principle. Young. -- Fountain inkstand, an inkstand having a continual supply of ink, as from elevated reservoir. -- Fountain lamp, a lamp fed with oil from an elevated reservoir. -- Fountain pen, a pen with a reservoir in the handle which furnishes a supply of ink. -- Fountain pump. (a) A structure for a fountain, having the form of a pump. (b) A portable garden pump which throws a jet, for watering plants, etc. -- Fountain shell (Zo\'94l.), the large West Indian conch shell (Strombus gigas). -- Fountain of youth, a mythical fountain whose waters were fabled to have the property of renewing youth.

Fountainless

Foun"tain*less, a. Having no fountain; destitute of springs or sources of water.
Barren desert, fountainless and dry. Milton.

Fountful

Fount"ful (?), a. Full of fountains. Pope.

Four

Four (?), a. [OE. four, fower, feower, AS. fe\'a2wer; akin to OS. fiwar, D. & G. vier, OHG. fior, Icel. fj, Sw. fyra, Dan. fire, Goth. fidw, Russ. chetuire, chetvero, W. pedwar, L. quatuor, Gr. catur. Farthing, Firkin, Forty, Cater four, Quater-cousin, Quatuor, Quire of paper, tetrarch.] One more than three; twice two.

Four

Four, n.

1. The sum of four units; four units or objects.

2. A symbol representing four units, as 4 or iv.

3. Four things of the same kind, esp. four horses; as, a chariot and four. All fours. See All fours, in the Vocabulary.

Fourb, Fourbe

Fourb, Fourbe (?), n. [F.] A trickly fellow; a cheat. [Obs.] Evelyn. Denham.

Fourch\'82

Four`ch\'82" (?), a. [F. See Fo.] (Her.) Having the ends forked or branched, and the ends of the branches terminating abruptly as if cut off; -- said of an ordinary, especially of a cross.

Fourchette

Four`chette" (?), n. [F., dim. of fourche. See Fork.]

1. A table fork.

2. (Anat.) (a) A small fold of membrane, connecting the labia in the posterior part of the vulva. (b) The wishbone or furculum of birds. (c) The frog of the hoof of the horse and allied animals.

3. (Surg.) An instrument used to raise and support the tongue during the cutting of the fr\'91num.

4. (Glove Making) The forked piece between two adjacent fingers, to which the front and back portions are sewed. Knight.

Four-cornered

Four"-cor`nered (?), a. Having four corners or angles.

Fourdrinier

Four`dri`nier" (?), n. A machine used in making paper; -- so named from an early inventor of improvements in this class of machinery.

Fourfold

Four"fold` (?), a. & adv. [AS. fe\'a2werfeold.] Four times; quadruple; as, a fourfold division.
He snall restore the lamb fourfold. 2 Sam. xii. 6.

Fourfold

Four"fold`, n. Four times as many or as much.

Fourfold

Four"fold`, v. t. To make four times as much or as many, as an assessment,; to quadruple.

Fourfooted

Four"foot`ed (?), a. Having four feet; quadruped; as, fourfooted beasts.

Fourgon

Four`gon" (?), n. [F.] (Mil.) (a)An ammunition wagon. (b) A French baggage wagon.

Fourhanded

Four"hand`ed (?), a.

1. Having four hands; quadrumanous. Goldsmith.

2. Requiring four "hands" or players; as, a fourhanded game at cards.

Fourierism

Fou"ri*er*ism (?), n. The co\'94perative socialistic system of Charles Fourier, a Frenchman, who recommended the reorganization of society into small communities, living in common.

Fourierist, Fourierite

Fou"ri*er*ist, Fou"ri*er*ite (?), n. One who adopts the views of Fourier.

Four-in-hand

Four"-in-hand (?), a. Consisting of four horses controlled by one person; as, a four-in-hand team; drawn by four horses driven by one person; as, a four-in-hand coach. -- n. A team of four horses driven by one person; also, a vehicle drawn by such a team.
As quaint a four-in-hand As you shall see. Tennyson.

Fourling

Four"ling, n.

1. One of four children born at the same time.

2. (Crystallog.) A compound or twin crystal consisting of four individuals.

Fourneau

Four`neau" (?), n. [F.] (Mil.) The chamber of a mine in which the powder is placed.

Four-o'clock

Four"-o'clock` (?), n.

1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Mirabilis. There are about half a dozen species, natives of the warmer parts of America. The common four-o'clock is M. Jalapa. Its flowers are white, yellow, and red, and open toward sunset, or earlier in cloudy weather; hence the name. It is also called marvel of Peru, and afternoon lady.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The friar bird; -- so called from its cry, which resembles these words.

Fourpence

Four"pence (?), n.

1. A British silver coin, worth four pence; a groat.

2. A name formerly given in New England to the Spanish half real, a silver coin worth six and a quarter cents.

Four-poster

Four"-post`er (?), n. A large bedstead with tall posts at the corners to support curtains. [Colloq.]

Fourrier

Four"rier (?; F. , n. [F., fr. OF. forre. See Forage, n.] A harbinger. [Obs.]

Fourscore

Four"score` (?), a. [Four + core, n.] Four times twenty; eighty.

Fourscore

Four"score`, n. The product of four times twenty; eighty units or objects.

Foursquare

Four"square` (?), a. Having four sides and four equal angles. Sir W. Raleigh.

Fourteen

Four"teen` (?), a. [OE. fourtene, feowertene, AS. fe\'a2wert, fe\'a2wert. See Four, and Ten, and cf. Forty.] Four and ten more; twice seven.

Fourteen

Four"teen`, n.

1. The sum of ten and four; forteen units or objects.

2. A symbol representing fourteen, as 14 or xiv.

Fourteenth

Four"teenth` (?), a. [Cf. OE. fourtende, fourtethe, AS. fe\'a2werteo&edh;a.]

1. Next in order after the thirteenth; as, the fourteenth day of the month.

2. Making or constituting one of fourteen equal parts into which anything may be derived.

Fourteenth

Four"teenth`, n.

1. One of fourteen equal parts into which one whole may be divided; the quotient of a unit divided by fourteen; one next after the thirteenth.

2. (Mus.) The octave of the seventh.

Fourth

Fourth (?), a. [OE. fourthe, ferthe, feorthe, AS. fe\'a2r&edh;a, fr. fe\'a2wer four.]

1. Next in order after the third; the ordinal of four.

2. Forming one of four equal parts into which anything may be divided.

Fourth

Fourth, n.

1. One of four equal parts into which one whole may be divided; the quotient of a unit divided by four; one coming next in order after the third.

2. (Mus.) The interval of two tones and a semitone, embracing four diatonic degrees of the scale; the subdominant of any key. The Fourth, specifically, un the United States, the fourth day of July, the anniversary of the declaration of American independence; as, to celebrate the Fourth.

Fourthly

Fourth"ly, adv. In the fourth place.

Four-way

Four"-way` (?), a. Allowing passage in either of four directions; as, a four-way cock, or valve. Francis. Four-way cock, a cock connected with four pipes or ports, and having two or more passages in the plug, by which the adjacent pipes or ports may be made to communicate; formerly used as a valve in the steam engine, and now for various other purposes. In the illustration, a leads to the upper end of a steam engine cylinder, and b to the lower end; c is the steam pipe, and d the exhaust pipe.
Page 591

Four-wheeled

Four"-wheeled` (?), a. Having four wheels.

Four-wheeler

Four"-wheel`er (?), n. A vehicle having four wheels. [Colloq.]

Foussa

Fous"sa (?), n. [Natibe name.] (Zo\'94l.) A viverrine animal of Madagascar (Cryptoprocta ferox). It resembles a cat in size and form, and has retractile claws.

Fouter

Fou"ter (?), n. [F. foutre to lecher, L. futuere. Cf. Fouty.] A despicable fellow. [Prov. Eng.] Brockett.

Foutra

Fou"tra (?), n. [See Fouter.] A fig; -- a word of contempt. [Obs.]
A foutra for the world and wordlings base! Shak.

Fouty

Fou"ty (?), a. [Cf. F. foutu, p.p. of foutre; OF. foutu scoundrel. See Fouter.] Despicable. [Obs.]

Fovea

Fo"ve*a (?), n.; pl. Fove\'91 (#). [L., a small pit.] A slight depression or pit; a fossa.

Foveate

Fo"ve*ate (?), a. [L. fovea a pit.] Having pits or depressions; pitted.

Foveola

Fo*ve"o*la (?), n.; pl. Foveol\'91 (#). [NL., dim. of L. fovea.] A small depression or pit; a fovea.

Foveolate

Fo"ve*o*late (? ∨ ?), a. Having small pits or depression, as the receptacle in some composite flowers.

Foveolated

Fo"ve*o*la`ted (?), a. Foveolate.

Fovilla

Fo*vil"la (?), n.; pl. Fovill\'91 (#). [Dim. fr. L. fovere to cherish.] (Bot.) One of the fine granules contained in the protoplasm of a pollen grain.

Fowl

Fowl (?), n. Instead of the pl. Fowls the singular is often used collectively. [OE. foul, fowel, foghel, fuhel, fugel, AS. fugol; akin to OS. fugal D. & G. vogel, OHG. fogal, Icel. & Dan. fugl, Sw. fogel, f\'86gel, Goth. fugls; of unknown origin, possibly by loss of l, from the root of E. fly, or akin to E. fox, as being a tailed animal.]

1. Any bird; esp., any large edible bird.

Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air. Gen. i. 26.
Behold the fowls of the air; for they sow not. Matt. vi. 26.
Like a flight of fowl Scattered by winds and high tempestuous gusts. Shak.

2. Any domesticated bird used as food, as a hen, turkey, duck; in a more restricted sense, the common domestic cock or hen (Gallus domesticus). Barndoor fowl, ∨ Barnyard fowl, a fowl that frequents the barnyard; the common domestic cock or hen.

Fowl

Fowl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fowled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fowling.] To catch or kill wild fowl, for game or food, as by shooting, or by decoys, nets, etc.
Such persons as may lawfully hunt, fish, or fowl. Blackstone.
Fowling piece, a light gun with smooth bore, adapted for the use of small shot in killing birds or small quadrupeds.

Fowler

Fowl"er (?), n. A sportsman who pursues wild fowl, or takes or kills for food.

Fowlerite

Fow"ler*ite (?), n. [From Dr. Samuel Fowler.] (Min.) A variety of rhodonite, from Franklin Furnace, New Jersey, containing some zinc.

Fowler's solution

Fow"ler's so*lu"tion (?). An Fowler
, an English physician who first brought it into use.

Fox

Fox (?), n.; pl. Foxes (#). [AS. fox; akin to D. vos, G. fuchs, OHG. fuhs, foha, Goth. fa\'a3h, Icel. f fox, fox fraud; of unknown origin, cf. Skr. puccha tail. Cf. Vixen.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous animal of the genus Vulpes, family Canid\'91, of many species. The European fox (V. vulgaris or V. vulpes), the American red fox (V. fulvus), the American gray fox (V. Virginianus), and the arctic, white, or blue, fox (V. lagopus) are well-known species. &hand; The black or silver-gray fox is a variety of the American red fox, producing a fur of great value; the cross-gray and woods-gray foxes are other varieties of the same species, of less value. The common foxes of Europe and America are very similar; both are celebrated for their craftiness. They feed on wild birds, poultry, and various small animals.

Subtle as the fox for prey. Shak.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The European dragonet.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The fox shark or thrasher shark; -- called also sea fox. See Thrasher shark, under Shark.

4. A sly, cunning fellow. [Colloq.]

We call a crafty and cruel man a fox. Beattie.

5. (Naut.) Rope yarn twisted together, and rubbed with tar; -- used for seizings or mats.

6. A sword; -- so called from the stamp of a fox on the blade, or perhaps of a wolf taken for a fox. [Obs.]

Thou diest on point of fox. Shak.

7. pl. (Enthnol.) A tribe of Indians which, with the Sacs, formerly occupied the region about Green Bay, Wisconsin; -- called also Outagamies. Fox and geese. (a) A boy's game, in which one boy tries to catch others as they run one goal to another. (b) A game with sixteen checkers, or some substitute for them, one of which is called the fox, and the rest the geese; the fox, whose first position is in the middle of the board, endeavors to break through the line of the geese, and the geese to pen up the fox. -- Fox bat (Zo\'94l.), a large fruit bat of the genus Pteropus, of many species, inhabiting Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, esp. P. medius of India. Some of the species are more than four feet across the outspread wings. See Fruit bat. -- Fox bolt, a bolt having a split end to receive a fox wedge. -- Fox brush (Zo\'94l.), the tail of a fox. -- Fox evil, a disease in which the hair falls off; alopecy. -- Fox grape (Bot.), the name of two species of American grapes. The northern fox grape (Vitis Labrusca) is the origin of the varieties called Isabella, Concord, Hartford, etc., and the southern fox grape (Vitis vulpina) has produced the Scuppernong, and probably the Catawba. -- Fox hunter. (a) One who pursues foxes with hounds. (b) A horse ridden in a fox chase. -- Fox shark (Zo\'94l.), the thrasher shark. See Thrasher shark, under Thrasher. -- Fox sleep, pretended sleep. -- Fox sparrow (Zo\'94l.), a large American sparrow (Passerella iliaca); -- so called on account of its reddish color. -- Fox squirrel (Zo\'94l.), a large North American squirrel (Sciurus niger, or S. cinereus). In the Southern States the black variety prevails; farther north the fulvous and gray variety, called the cat squirrel, is more common. -- Fox terrier (Zo\'94l.), one of a peculiar breed of terriers, used in hunting to drive foxes from their holes, and for other purposes. There are rough- and smooth-haired varieties. -- Fox trot, a pace like that which is adopted for a few steps, by a horse, when passing from a walk into a trot, or a trot into a walk. -- Fox wedge (Mach. & Carpentry), a wedge for expanding the split end of a bolt, cotter, dowel, tenon, or other piece, to fasten the end in a hole or mortise and prevent withdrawal. The wedge abuts on the bottom of the hole and the piece is driven down upon it. Fastening by fox wedges is called foxtail wedging. -- Fox wolf (Zo\'94l.), one of several South American wild dogs, belonging to the genus Canis. They have long, bushy tails like a fox.

Fox

Fox (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Foxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Foxing.] [See Fox, n., cf. Icel. fox imposture.]

1. To intoxicate; to stupefy with drink.

I drank . . . so much wine that I was almost foxed. Pepys.

2. To make sour, as beer, by causing it to ferment.

3. To repair the feet of, as of boots, with new front upper leather, or to piece the upper fronts of.

Fox

Fox, v. i. To turn sour; -- said of beer, etc., when it sours in fermenting.

Foxearth

Fox"earth` (?), n. A hole in the earth to which a fox resorts to hide himself.

Fracas

Fra"cas (?; F. , n. [F., crash, din, tumult, It. fracasso, fr. fracassare to break in pieces, perh. fr. fra within, among (L. infra) + cassare to annul, cashier. Cf. Cashier, v. t.] An uproar; a noisy quarrel; a disturbance; a brawl.

Fracho

Fracho (?), n. A shallow iron pan to hold glass ware while being annealed.

Fracid

Frac"id (?), a. [L. fracidus mellow, soft.] Rotten from being too ripe; overripe. [Obs.] Blount.

Fract

Fract (?), v. t. [L. fractus, p.p. of frangere to break.] To break; to violate. [Obs.] Shak.

Fracted

Frac"ted, a. (Her.) Having a part displaced, as if broken; -- said of an ordinary. Macaulay.

Foxed

Foxed (?), a.

1. Discolored or stained; -- said of timber, and also of the paper of books or engravings.

2. Repaired by foxing; as, foxed boots.

Foxery

Fox"e*ry (?), n. Behavior like that of a fox; [Obs.] Chaucer.

Foxes

Fox"es (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) See Fox, n., 7.

Foxfish

Fox"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The fox shark; -- called also sea fox. See Thrasher shark, under Shark. (b) The european dragonet. See Dragonet.

Foxglove

Fox"glove` (?), n. [AS. foxes-gl, foxes-clife.] (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Digitalis. The common English foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) is a handsome perennial or biennial plant, whose leaves are used as a powerful medicine, both as a sedative and diuretic. See Digitalis.
Pan through the pastures oftentimes hath run To pluck the speckled foxgloves from their stem. W. Browne.

Foxhound

Fox"hound` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of a special breed of hounds used for chasing foxes.

Fox-hunting

Fox"-hunt`ing (?), a. Pertaining to or engaged in the hunting of foxes; fond of hunting foxes.

Foxineess

Fox"i*neess (?), n.

1. The state or quality of being foxy, or foxlike; craftiness; shrewdness.

2. The state of being foxed or discolored, as books; decay; deterioration.

3. A coarse and sour taste in grapes.

Foxish

Fox"ish, a. Foxlike. [Obs.]

Foxlike

Fox"like` (?), a. Resembling a fox in his characteristic qualities; cunning; artful; foxy.

Foxly

Fox"ly, a. Foxlike. [Obs.] "Foxly craft." Latimer.

Foxship

Fox"ship, n. Foxiness; craftiness. [R.] Shak.

Foxtail

Fox"tail` (?), n.

1. The tail or brush of a fox.

2. (Bot.) The name of several kinds of grass having a soft dense head of flowers, mostly the species of Alopecurus and Setaria.

3. (Metal.) The last cinders obtained in the fining process. Raymond. Foxtail saw, a dovetail saw. -- Foxtail wedging. See Fox wedge, under Fox.

Foxy

Fox"y (?), a.

1. Like or pertaining to the fox; foxlike in disposition or looks; wily.

Modred's narrow, foxy face. Tennyson.

2. Having the color of a fox; of a yellowish or reddish brown color; -- applied sometimes to paintings when they have too much of this color.

3. Having the odor of a fox; rank; strong smeelling.

4. Sour; unpleasant in taste; -- said of wine, beer, etc., not properly fermented; -- also of grapes which have the coarse flavor of the fox grape.

Foy

Foy (?), n. [F. foi, old spelling foy, faith. See Faith.]

1. Faith; allegiance; fealty. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A feast given by one about to leave a place. [Obs.]

He did at the Dog give me, and some other friends of his, his foy, he being to set sail to-day. Pepys.

Foyer

Foy`er" (?), n. [F., fr. LL. focarium fireplace. See Focus, n.]

1. A lobby in a theater; a greenroom.

2. The crucible or basin in a furnace which receives the molten metal. Knight.

Foyson

Foy"son (?), n. [Obs.] See Foison.

Foziness

Fo"zi*ness (?), n. The state of being fozy; spiritlessness; dullness. [Scot.]
[The Whigs'] foziness can no longer be concealed. Blackwood's.

Fozy

Fo"zy (?), a. Spongy; soft; fat and puffy. [Scot.]

Fra

Fra (?), adv. & prep. [OE.] Fro. [Old Eng. & Scot.]

Fra

Fra (?), n. [It., for frate. See Friar.] Brother; -- a title of a monk of friar; as, Fra Angelo. Longfellow.

Frab

Frab (?), v. i. & t. To scold; to nag. [Prov. Eng.]

Frabbit

Frab"bit (?), a. Crabbed; peevish. [Prov. Eng.]

Fraction

Frac"tion (?), n. [F. fraction, L. fractio a breaking, fr. frangere, fractum, to break. See Break.]

1. The act of breaking, or state of being broken, especially by violence. [Obs.]

Neither can the natural body of Christ be subject to any fraction or breaking up. Foxe.

2. A portion; a fragment.

Some niggard fractions of an hour. Tennyson.

3. (Arith. or Alg.) One or more aliquot parts of a unit or whole number; an expression for a definite portion of a unit or magnitude. Common, ∨ Vulgar, fraction, a fraction in which the number of equal parts into which the integer is supposed to be divided is indicated by figures or letters, called the denominator, written below a line, over which is the numerator, indicating the number of these parts included in the fraction; as -- Complex fraction, a fraction having a fraction or mixed number in the numerator or denominator, or in both. Davies & Peck. -- Compound fraction, a fraction of a fraction; two or more fractions connected by of. -- Continued fraction, Decimal fraction, Partial fraction, etc. See under Continued, Decimal, Partial, etc. -- Improper fraction, a fraction in which the numerator is greater than the denominator. -- Proper fraction, a fraction in which the numerator is less than the denominator.

Fraction

Frac"tion, v. t. (Chem.) To separate by means of, or to subject to, fractional distillation or crystallization; to fractionate; -- frequently used with out; as, to fraction out a certain grade of oil from pretroleum.

Fractional

Frac"tion*al (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to fractions or a fraction; constituting a fraction; as, fractional numbers.

2. Relatively small; inconsiderable; insignificant; as, a fractional part of the population. Fractional crystallization (Chem.), a process of gradual and approximate purification and separation, by means of repeated solution and crystallization therefrom. -- Fractional currency, small coin, or paper notes, in circulation, of less value than the monetary unit. -- Fractional distillation (Chem.), a process of distillation so conducted that a mixture of liquids, differing considerably from each other in their boiling points, can be separated into its constituents.

Fractionally

Frac"tion*al*ly, adv. By fractions or separate portions; as, to distill a liquid fractionally, that is, so as to separate different portions.

Fractionary

Frac"tion*a*ry (?), a. Fractional. [Obs.]

Fractionate

Frac"tion*ate (?), v. t. To separate into different portions or fractions, as in the distillation of liquids.

Fractious

Frac"tious (?), a. [Cf. Prov. E. frack forward, eager, E. freak, fridge; or Prov. E. fratch to squabble, quarrel.] Apt to break out into a passion; apt to scold; cross; snappish; ugly; unruly; as, a fractious man; a fractious horse. Syn. -- Snappish; peevish; waspish; cross; irritable; perverse; pettish. -- Frac"tious*ly, v. -- Frac"tious*ness, n.

Fractural

Frac"tur*al (?; 135), a. Pertaining to, or consequent on, a fracture. [R.]

Fracture

Frac"ture (?; 135), n. [L. fractura, fr. frangere, fractum, to break: cf. F. fracture. See Fraction.]

1. The act of breaking or snapping asunder; rupture; breach.

2. (Surg.) The breaking of a bone.

3. (Min.) The texture of a freshly broken surface; as, a compact fracture; an even, hackly, or conchoidal fracture. Comminuted fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which the bone is broken into several parts. -- Complicated fracture (Surg.), a fracture of the bone combined with the lesion of some artery, nervous trunk, or joint. -- Compound fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which there is an open wound from the surface down to the fracture. -- Simple fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which the bone only is ruptured. It does not communicate with the surface by an open wound. Syn. -- Fracture, Rupture. These words denote different kinds of breaking, according to the objects to which they are applied. Fracture is applied to hard substances; as, the fracture of a bone. Rupture is oftener applied to soft substances; as, the rupture of a blood vessel. It is also used figuratively. "To be an enemy and once to have been a friend, does it not embitter the rupture?" South.


Page 592

Fracture

Frac"ture (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fractured (#; 135); p. pr. & vb. n.. Fracturing.] [Cf. F. fracturer.] To cause a fracture or fractures in; to break; to burst asunder; to crack; to separate the continuous parts of; as, to fracture a bone; to fracture the skull.

Fr\'91nulum

Fr\'91n"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Fr\'91nula (#). [NL., dim. of L. fraenum a bridle.] (Anat.) A fr\'91num.

Fr\'91num, ∨ Frenum

Fr\'91"num (?), ∨ Fre"num, n.; pl. E. Fr\'91nums (#), L. Fr\'91na (#). [L., a bridle.] (Anat.) A connecting fold of membrane serving to support or restrain any part; as, the fr\'91num of the tongue.

Fragile

Frag"ile (?), a. [L. fragilis, from frangere to break; cf. F. fragile. See Break, v. t., and cf. Frail, a.] Easily broken; brittle; frail; delicate; easily destroyed.
The state of ivy is tough, and not fragile. Bacon.
Syn. -- Brittle; infirm; weak; frail; frangible; slight. -- Frag"ile*ly, adv.

Fragility

Fra*gil"i*ty (?), n. [L. fragilitas: cf. F. fragilit\'82. Cf. Frailty.]

1. The condition or quality of being fragile; brittleness; frangibility. Bacon.

2. Weakness; feebleness.

An appearance of delicacy, and even of fragility, is almost essential to it [beauty]. Burke.

3. Liability to error and sin; frailty. [Obs.]

The fragility and youthful folly of Qu. Fabius. Holland.

Fragment

Frag"ment (?), n. [L. fragmentum, fr. frangere to break: cf. F. fragment. See Break, v. t.] A part broken off; a small, detached portion; an imperfect part; as, a fragment of an ancient writing.
Gather up the fragments that remain. John vi. 12.

Fragmentak

Frag*men"tak (?), a.

1. Fragmentary.

2. (Geol.) Consisting of the pulverized or fragmentary material of rock, as conglomerate, shale, etc.

Fragmental

Frag*men"tal, n. (Geol.) A fragmentary rock.

Fragmentarily

Frag"men*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. In a fragmentary manner; piecemeal.

Fragmentariness

Frag"men*ta*ri*ness, n. The quality or property of being in fragnebts, or broken pieces, incompleteness; want of continuity. G. Eliot.

Fragmentary

Frag"men*ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. fragmentaire.]

1. Composed of fragments, or broken pieces; disconnected; not complete or entire. Donne.

2. (Geol.) Composed of the fragments of other rocks.

Fragmented

Frag"ment*ed (?), a. Broken into fragments.

Fragmentist

Frag"ment*ist, n. A writer of fragments; as, the fragmentist of Wolfenb\'81ttel. [R.]

Fragor

Fra"gor (, n. [L., a breaking to pieces, fr. frangere to break.]

1. A loud and sudden sound; the report of anything bursting; a crash. I. Watts.

2. [Due to confusion with fragrant.] A strong or sweet scent. [Obs. & Illegitimate.] Sir T. Herbert.

Fragrance, Fragrancy

Fra"grance (?), Fra"gran*cy (?), n. [L. fragrantia: cf. OF. fragrance.] The quality of being fragrant; sweetness of smell; a sweet smell; a pleasing odor; perfume.
Eve separate he spies, Veiled in a cloud of fragrance. Milton.
The goblet crowned, Breathed aromatic fragrancies around. Pope.

Fragrant

Fra"grant (?), a. [fragrans
. -antis, p.pr. of fragrare to emit a smell of fragrance: cf. OF. fragrant. Affecting the olfactory nerves agreeably; sweet of smell; odorous; having or emitting an agreeable perfume.
Fragrant the fertile earth After soft showers. Milton.
Syn. -- Sweet-smelling; odorous; odoriferous; swetacented; redolent; ambrosial; balmy; spicy; aromatic. -- Fra"grant*ly, adv.

Fraight

Fraight (?), a. Same as Fraught. [Obs.] Spenser.

Frail

Frail (?), n. [OE. fraiel, fraile, OF. fraiel, freel, frael, fr. LL. fraellum.] A basket made of rushes, used chiefly for containing figs and raisins.

2. The quantity of raisins -- about thirty-two, fifty-six, or seventy-five pounds, -- contained in a frail.

3. A rush for weaving baskets. Johnson.

Frail

Frail, a. [Compar. Frailer (?); superl. Frailest.] [OE. frele, freile, OF. fraile, frele, F. fr\'88le, fr. L. fragilis. See Fragile.]

1. Easily broken; fragile; not firm or durable; liable to fail and perish; easily destroyed; not tenacious of life; weak; infirm.

That I may know how frail I am. Ps. xxxix. 4.
An old bent man, worn and frail. Lowell.

2. Tender. [Obs.]

Deep indignation and compassion. Spenser.

3. Liable to fall from virtue or be led into sin; not strong against temptation; weak in resolution; also, unchaste; -- often applied to fallen women.

Man is frail, and prone to evil. Jer. Taylor.

Frailly

Frail"ly, adv. Weakly; infirmly.

Frailness

Frail"ness, n. Frailty.

Frailty

Frail"ty (?), n.; pl. Frailties (#). [OE. frelete, freilte, OF. frailet\'82, fr. L. fragilitas. See Frail, a., and cf. Fragility.]

1. The condition quality of being frail, physically, mentally, or morally, frailness; infirmity; weakness of resolution; liableness to be deceived or seduced.

God knows our frailty, [and] pities our weakness. Locke.

2. A fault proceeding from weakness; foible; sin of infirmity. Syn. -- Frailness; fragility; imperfection; failing.

Fraischeur

Frai"scheur (?), n. [OF.; F fraicheur, fr. frais, fem. fra, fresh; of German origin. See Frash, a.] Freshness; coolness. [R.] Dryden.

Fraise

Fraise (?), n. [See Froise.] A large and thick pancake, with slices of bacon in it. [Obs.] Johnson.

Fraise

Fraise (?), n. [F. fraise, orig., a ruff, cf. F. frise frieze, E. frieze a coarse stuff.]

1. (Fort.) A defense consisting of pointed stakes driven into the ramparts in a horizontal or inclined position.

2. (Mech.) A fluted reamer for enlarging holes in stone; a small milling cutter.

Fraise

Fraise, v. t. (Mil.) To protect, as a line of troops, against an onset of cavalry, by opposing bayonets raised obliquely forward. Wilhelm.

Fraised

Fraised (?), a. Fortified with a fraise.

Fraken

Frak"en (?), n. A freckle. [Obs.]
A few fraknes in his face. Chaucer.

Framable

Fram"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being framed.

Framb\'91sia

Fram*b\'91"si*a (?), n. [F. & NL., fr. F. framboise raspberry.] (Med.) The yaws. See Yaws.

Frame

Frame (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Framed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Framing.] [OE. framen, fremen, to execute, build, AS. fremman to further, perform, effect, fr. fram strong, valiant; akin to E. foremost, and prob. to AS. fram from, Icel. fremja, frama, to further, framr forward, G. fromm worthy, excellent, pious. See Foremost, From, and cf. Furnish.]

1. (Arch. & Engin.) To construct by fitting and uniting the several parts of the skeleton of any structure; specifically, in woodwork, to put together by cutting parts of one member to fit parts of another. See Dovetail, Halve, v. t., Miter, Tenon, Tooth, Tusk, Scarf, and Splice.

2. To originate; to plan; to devise; to contrive; to compose; in a bad sense, to invent or fabricate, as something false.

How many excellent reasonings are framed in the mind of a man of wisdom and study in a length of years. I. Watts.

3. To fit to something else, or for some specific end; to adjust; to regulate; to shape; to conform.

And frame my face to all occasions. Shak.
We may in some measure frame our minds for the reception of happiness. Landor.
The human mind is framed to be influenced. I. Taylor.

4. To cause; to bring about; to produce. [Obs.]

Fear frames disorder, and disorder wounds. Shak.

5. To support. [Obs. & R.]

That on a staff his feeble steps did frame. Spenser.

6. To provide with a frame, as a picture.

Frame

Frame, v. i.

1. To shape; to arrange, as the organs of speech. [Obs.] Judg. xii. 6.

2. To proceed; to go. [Obs.]

The bauty of this sinful dame Made many princes thither frame. Shak.

Frame

Frame, n.

1. Anything composed of parts fitted and united together; a fabric; a structure; esp., the constructional system, whether of timber or metal, that gives to a building, vessel, etc., its model and strength; the skeleton of a structure.

These are thy glorius works, Parent of good, Almighty! thine this universal frame. Milton.

2. The bodily structure; physical constitution; make or build of a person.

Some bloody passion shakes your very frame. Shak.
No frames could be strong enough to endure it. Prescott.

3. A kind of open case or structure made for admitting, inclosing, or supporting things, as that which incloses or contains a window, door, picture, etc.; that on which anything is held or stretched; as: (a) The skeleton structure which supports the boiler and machinery of a locomotive upon its wheels. (b) (Founding) A molding box or flask, which being filled with sand serves as a mold for castings. (c) The ribs and stretchers of an umbrella or other structure with a fabric covering. (d) A structure of four bars, adjustable in size, on which cloth, etc., is stretched for quilting, embroidery, etc. (e) (Hort.) A glazed portable structure for protecting young plants from frost. (f) (Print.) A stand to support the type cases for use by the compositor.

4. (Mach.) A term applied, especially in England, to certain machines built upon or within framework; as, a stocking frame; lace frame; spinning frame, etc.

5. Form; shape; proportion; scheme; structure; constitution; system; as, a frameof government.

She that hath a heart of that fine frame To pay this debt of love but to a brother. Shak.
Put your discourse into some frame. Shak.

6. Particular state or disposition, as of the mind; humor; temper; mood; as, to be always in a happy frame.

7. Contrivance; the act of devising or scheming. [Obs.]

John the bastard Whose spirits toil in frame of villainies. Shak.
Balloon frame, Cant frames, etc. See under Balloon, Cant, etc. -- Frame building ∨ house, a building of which the form and support is made of framed timbers. [U.S.] -- Frame level, a mason's level. -- Frame saw, a thin saw stretched in a frame to give it rigidity.

Framer

Fram"er (?), n. One who frames; as, the framer of a building; the framers of the Constitution.

Framework

Frame"work` (?), n.

1. The work of framing, or the completed work; the frame or constructional part of anything; as, the framework of society.

A staunch and solid piece of framework. Milton.

2. Work done in, or by means of, a frame or loom.

Framing

Fram"ing, n.

1. The act, process, or style of putting together a frame, or of constructing anything; a frame; that which frames.

2. (Arch. & Engin.) A framework, or a sy Framing chisel (Carp.), a heavy chisel with a socket shank for making mortises.

Frampel, Frampoid

Fram"pel (?), Fram"poid (?), a. [Also written frampul, frampled, framfold.] [Cf. W. fframfol passionate, ffrom angry, fretting; or perh. akin to E. frump.] Peevish; cross; vexatious; quarrelsome. [Obs.] Shak.
Is Pompey grown so malapert, so frampel? Beau. & Fl.

Franc

Franc (?), n. [F., fr. franc a Franc. See Frank, a.] A silver coin of France, and since 1795 the unit of the French monetary system. It has been adopted by Belgium and Swizerland. It is equivalent to about nineteen cents, or ten pence, and is divided into 100 centimes.

Franchise

Fran"chise (? ∨ ?; 277), n. [F., fr. franc, fem. franche, free. See Frank, a.]

1. Exemption from constraint or oppression; freedom; liberty. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. (LAw) A particular privilege conferred by grant from a sovereign or a government, and vested in individuals; an imunity or exemption from ordinary jurisdiction; a constitutional or statutory right or privilege, esp. the right to vote.

Election by universal suffrage, as modified by the Constitution, is the one crowning franchise of the American people. W. H. Seward.

3. The district or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege extends; the limits of an immunity; hence, an asylum or sanctuary.

Churches and mobasteries in Spain are franchises for criminals. London Encyc.

4. Magnanimity; generosity; liberality; frankness; nobility. "Franchise in woman." [Obs.] Chaucer. Elective franchise, the privilege or right of voting in an election of public officers.

Franchise

Fran"chise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Franchised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Franchising.] [Cf. OF. franchir to free, F., to cross.] To make free; to enfranchise; to give liberty to. Shak.

Franchisement

Fran"chise*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. franchissement.] Release; deliverance; freedom. Spenser.

Francic

Fran"cic (?), a. [See Frank, a.] Pertaining to the Franks, or their language; Frankish.

Franciscan

Fran*cis"can (?), a. [LL. Franciscus Francis: cf. F. franciscain.] (R. C. Ch.) Belonging to the Order of St. Francis of the Franciscans. Franciscan Brothers, pious laymen who devote themselves to useful works, such as manual labor schools, and other educational institutions; -- called also Brothers of the Third Order of St. Francis. -- Franciscan Nuns, nuns who follow the rule of t. Francis, esp. those of the Second Order of St. Francis, -- called also Poor Clares or Minoresses. -- Franciscan Tertiaries, the Third Order of St. Francis.

Franciscan

Fran*cis"can, n. (R.C.Ch.) A monk or friar of the Order of St. Francis, a large and zealous order of mendicant monks founded in 1209 by St. Francis of Assisi. They are called also Friars Minor; and in England, Gray Friars, because they wear a gray habit.

Francolin

Fran"co*lin (?), n. [F.; cf. It. francolino, Sp. francolin.] (Zo\'94l.) A spurred partidge of the genus Francolinus and allied genera, of Asia and Africa. The common species (F. vulgaris) was formerly common in southern Europe, but is now nearly restricted to Asia.

Francolite

Fran"co*lite (?), n. (Min.) A variety of apatite from Wheal Franco in Devonshire.

Frangent

Fran"gent (?), a. [L. frangens, p.pr. of frangere. See Fraction.] Causing fracture; breaking. [R.] H. Walpole.

Frangibility

Fran`gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. frangibilit\'82.] The state or quality of being frangible. Fox.

Frangible

Fran"gi*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. frangible.] Capable of being broken; brittle; fragile; easily broken.

Frangipane

Fran"gi*pane (?), n. [F. frangipane; supposed to be called so from the inventor, the Marquis Frangipani, major general under Louis XIV.]

1. A perfume of jasmine; frangipani.

2. A species of pastry, containing cream and almonds.

Frangipani, Frangipanni

Fran`gi*pan"i (?), Fran`gi*pan"ni (?), n. [Another spelling of frangipane.] A perfume derived from, or imitating the odor of, the flower of the red jasmine, a West Indian tree of the genus Plumeria.

Frangulic, Frangulinic

Fran*gu"lic (?), Fran`gu*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or drived from, frangulin, or a species (Rhamnus Frangula) of the buckthorn. Frangulinic acid (Chem.), a yellow crystalline substance, resembling alizarin, and obtained by the decomposition of frangulin.

Frangulin

Fran"gu*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A yellow crystalline dyestuff, regarded as a glucoside, extracted from a species (Rhamnus Frangula) of the buckthorn; -- called also rhamnoxanthin.

Franion

Fran"ion (?), n. [Perh. from F. fain\'82ant an idler.] A paramour; a loose woman; also, a gay, idle fellow. [Obs.] Spenser.

Frank

Frank (?), n. [OF. franc.] A pigsty. [Obs.]

Frank

Frank, v. t. To shut up in a frank or sty; to pen up; hence, to cram; to fatten. [Obs.] Shak.

Frank

Frank, n. (Zo\'94l.) The common heron; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]
Page 593

Frank

Frank (?), a. [Compar Franker (?); superl. Frankest.] [F. franc free, frank, L. Francus a Frank, fr. OHG. Franko the name of a Germanic people on the Rhine, who afterward founded the French monarchy; cf. AS. franca javelin, Icel. frakka. Cf. Franc, French, a., Franchise, n.]

1. Unbounded by restrictions, limitations, etc.; free. [R.] "It is of frank gift." Spenser.

2. Free in uttering one's real sentiments; not reserved; using no disguise; candid; ingenuous; as, a frank nature, conversation, manner, etc.

3. Liberal; generous; profuse. [Obs.]

Frank of civilities that cost them nothing. L'Estrange.

4. Unrestrained; loose; licentious; -- used in a bad sense. Spenser. Syn. -- Ingenuous; candid; artless; plain; open; unreserved; undisguised; sincere. See Candid, Ingenuous.

Frank

Frank (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Franked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Franking.]

1. To send by public conveyance free of expense. Dickens.

2. To extempt from charge for postage, as a letter, package, or packet, etc.

Frank

Frank, n. [See Frank, a.] The privilege of sending letters or other mail matter, free of postage, or without charge; also, the sign, mark, or signature denoting that a letter or other mail matter is to free of postage. <-- = franking privelege -->

2. The band at each end of the back of a book.

Headbeard

Head"beard` (?), n. A board or boarding which marks or forms the head of anything; as, the headboard of a bed; the headboard of a grave.

Headborough, Headborrow

Head"bor*ough (?), Head"bor*row n.

1. The chief of a frankpledge, tithing, or decennary, consisting of ten families; -- called also borsholder, boroughhead, boroughholder, and sometimes tithingman. See Borsholder. [Eng.] Blackstone.

2. (Modern Law) A petty constable. [Eng.]

Head-cheese

Head"-cheese (?), n. A dish made of portions of the head, or head and feet, of swine, cut up fine, seasoned, and pressed into a cheeselike mass.

Headdress

Head"dress` (?), n.

1. A covering or ornament for the head; a headtire.

Among birds the males very often appear in a most beautiful headdress, whether it be a crest, a comb, a tuft of feathers, or a natural little plume. Addison.

2. A manner of dressing the hair or of adorning it, whether with or without a veil, ribbons, combs, etc.

Headed

Head"ed, a.

1. Furnished with a head (commonly as denoting intellectual faculties); -- used in composition; as, clear-headed, long-headed, thick-headed; a many-headed monster.

2. Formed into a head; as, a headed cabbage.

Header

Head"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, heads nails, rivets, etc., esp. a machine for heading.

2. One who heads a movement, a party, or a mob; head; chief; leader. [R.]

3. (Arch.) (a) A brick or stone laid with its shorter face or head in the surface of the wall. (b) In framing, the piece of timber fitted between two trimmers, and supported by them, and carrying the ends of the tailpieces.

4. A reaper for wheat, that cuts off the heads only.

5. A fall or plunge headforemost, as while riding a bicycle, or in bathing; as, to take a header. [Colloq.]

Headfirst, Headforemost

Head`first" (?), Head`fore"most` (?), adv. With the head foremost.

Headfish

Head`fish" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The sunfish (Mola).

Head gear, ∨ Headgear

Head" gear`, ∨ Head"gear` (
, n.

1. Headdress.

2. Apparatus above ground at the mouth of a mine or deep well.

Head-hunter

Head"-hunt`er (?), n. A member of any tribe or race of savages who have the custom of decapitating human beings and preserving their heads as trophies. The Dyaks of Borneo are the most noted head-hunters. <-- 2. (fig.) an executive personnel recruiter --> -- Head"-hunt`ing, n.

Headily

Head"i*ly (?), adv. In a heady or rash manner; hastily; rashly; obstinately.

Headiness

Head"i*ness, n. The quality of being heady.

Heading

Head"ing, n.

1. The act or state of one who, or that which, heads; formation of a head.

2. That which stands at the head; title; as, the heading of a paper.

3. Material for the heads of casks, barrels, etc.

4. (Mining.) A gallery, drift, or adit in a mine; also, the end of a drift or gallery; the vein above a drift.

5. (sewing) The extension of a line ruffling above the line of stitch.

6. (Masonry) That end of a stone or brick which is presented outward. Knight. Heading course (Arch.), a course consisting only of headers. See Header, n. 3 (a). -- Heading joint. (a) (Carp.) A joint, as of two or more boards, etc., at right angles to the grain of the wood. (b) (Masonry) A joint between two roussoirs in the same course.

Headland

Head"land (?), n.

1. A cape; a promontory; a point of land projecting into the sea or other expanse of water. "Sow the headland with wheat." Shak.

2. A ridge or strip of unplowed at the ends of furrows, or near a fence. Tusser.

Headless

Head"less, a. [AS. he\'a0fodle\'a0s.]

1. Having no head; beheaded; as, a headless body, neck, or carcass.

2. Destitute of a chief or leader. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. Destitute of understanding or prudence; foolish; rash; obstinate. [Obs.]<-- = mindless -->

Witless headiness in judging or headless hardiness in condemning. Spenser.

Headlight

Head"light` (?), n. (Engin.) A light, with a powerful reflector, placed at the head of a locomotive, or in front of it, to throw light on the track at night, or in going through a dark tunnel.

Headline

Head"line` (?), n.

1. (Print.) The line at the head or top of a page.

2. (Naut.) See Headrope.

Headlong

Head"long` (?; 115), adv. [OE. hedling, hevedlynge; prob. confused with E. long, a. & adv.]

1. With the head foremost; as, to fall headlong. Acts i. 18.

2. Rashly; precipitately; without deliberation.

3. Hastily; without delay or respite.

Headlong

Head"long, a.

1. Rash; precipitate; as, headlong folly.

2. Steep; precipitous. [Poetic]

Like a tower upon a headlong rock. Byron.

Head-lugged

Head"-lugged` (?), a. Lugged or dragged by the head. [R.] "The head-lugged bear." Shak.

Headman

Head"man` (?), n.; pl. Headmen (#). [AS. he\'a0fodman.] A head or leading man, especially of a village community.

Headmold shot, Headmould shot

Head"mold" shot", Head"mould` shot" (?). (Med.) An old name for the condition of the skull, in which the bones ride, or are shot, over each other at the sutures. Dunglison.

Headmost

Head"most` (?), a. Most advanced; most forward; as, the headmost ship in a fleet.

Headnote

Head"note` (?), n. A note at the head of a page or chapter; in law reports, an abstract of a case, showing the principles involved and the opinion of the court.

Headpan

Head"pan` (?), n. [AS. he\'a0fodpanne.] The brainpan. [Obs.]

Headpiece

Head"piece` (?), n.

1. Head.

In his headpiece he felt a sore pain. Spenser.

2. A cap of defense; especially, an open one, as distinguished from the closed helmet of the Middle Ages.

3. Understanding; mental faculty.

Eumenes had the best headpiece of all Alexander's captains. Prideaux.

4. An engraved ornament at the head of a chapter, or of a page.

Headquarters

Head"quar`ters (?), n. pl. [but sometimes used as a n. sing.] The quarters or place of residence of any chief officer, as the general in command of an army, or the head of a police force; the place from which orders or instructions are issued; hence, the center of authority or order.
The brain, which is the headquarters, or office, of intelligence. Collier.

Headrace

Head"race` (?), n. See Race, a water course.

HeadRome

Head"Rome` (?), n. (Arch.) See Headway, 2.

Headrope

Head"rope` (?), n. (Naut.) That part of a boltrope which is sewed to the upper edge or head of a sail.

Headsail

Head"sail` (?), n. (Naut.) Any sail set forward of the foremast. Totten.

Headshake

Head`shake` (?), n. A significant shake of the head, commonly as a signal of denial. Shak.

Headship

Head"ship, n. Authority or dignity; chief place.

Headsman

Heads"man (?), n; pl. Headsmen (. An executioner who cuts off heads. Dryden.

Headspring

Head"spring` (?), n. Fountain; source.
The headspring of our belief. Stapleton.

Headstall

Head"stall` (?), n. That part of a bridle or halter which encompasses the head. Shak.

Headstock

Head"stock` (?), n. (Mach.) A part (usually separate from the bed or frame) for supporting some of the principal working parts of a machine; as: (a) The part of a lathe that holds the revolving spindle and its attachments; -- also called poppet head, the opposite corresponding part being called a tailstock. (b) The part of a planing machine that supports the cutter, etc.

Headstone

Head"stone` (?), n.

1. The principal stone in a foundation; the chief or corner stone. Ps. cxviii. 22.

2. The stone at the head of a grave.

Headstrong

Head"strong` (?; 115), a.

1. Not easily restrained; ungovernable; obstinate; stubborn.

Not let headstrong boy my will control. Dryden.

2. Directed by ungovernable will, or proceeding from obstinacy. Dryden. Syn. -- Violent; obstinate; ungovernable; unratable; stubborn; unruly; venturesome; heady.

Headstrongness

Head"strong`ness, n. Obstinacy. [R.] Gayton.

Headtire

Head"tire` (?), n.

1. A headdress. "A headtire of fine linen." 1 Edras iii. 6.

2. The manner of dressing the head, as at a particular time and place.

Headway

Head"way` (?), n.

1. The progress made by a ship in motion; hence, progress or success of any kind.

2. (Arch.) Clear space under an arch, girder, and the like, sufficient to allow of easy passing underneath.<-- = clearance, or headroom[Brit.] -->

Headwork

Head"work` (?), n. Mental labor.

Heady

Head"y, a. [From Head.]

1. Willful; rash; precipitate; hurried on by will or passion; ungovernable.

All the talent required is to be hot, to be heady, -- to be violent on one side or the other. Sir W. Temple.

2. Apt to affect the head; intoxicating; strong.

The liquor is too heady. Dryden.

3. Violent; impetuous. "A heady currance." Shak.

Heal

Heal, v. t. [See Hele.] To cover, as a roof, with tiles, slate, lead, or the like. [Obs.]

Heal

Heal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Healed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Healing.] [OE. helen, h\'91len, AS. h\'d6lan, fr. h\'bel hale, sound, whole; akin to OS. h&emac;lian, D. heelen, G. heilen, Goth. hailjan. See Whole.]

1. To make hale, sound, or whole; to cure of a disease, wound, or other derangement; to restore to soundness or health.

Speak the word only, and my servant shall be healed. Matt. viii. 8.

2. To remove or subdue; to cause to pass away; to cure; -- said of a disease or a wound.

I will heal their backsliding. Hos. xiv. 4.

3. To restore to original purity or integrity.

Thus saith the Lord, I have healed these waters. 2 Kings ii. 21.

4. To reconcile, as a breach or difference; to make whole; to free from guilt; as, to heal dissensions.

Heal

Heal (?), v. i. To grow sound; to return to a sound state; as, the limb heals, or the wound heals; -- sometimes with up or over; as, it will heal up, or over.
Those wounds heal ill that men do give themselves. Shak.

Heal

Heal, n. [AS. h, h. See Heal, v. t.] Health. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Healable

Heal"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being healed.

Healall

Heal"all` (?), n. (Bot.) A common herb of the Mint family (Brunela vulgaris), destitute of active properties, but anciently thought a panacea.

Heald

Heald (?), n. [CF. Heddle.] A heddle. Ure.

Healful

Heal"ful (?), a. Tending or serving to heal; healing. [Obs.] Ecclus. xv. 3.

Healing

Heal"ing, a. Tending to cure; soothing; mollifying; as, the healing art; a healing salve; healing words.
Here healing dews and balms abound. Keble.

Healingly

Heal"ing*ly, adv. So as to heal or cure.

Health

Health (?), n. [OE. helthe, AS. hh\'bel hale, sound, whole. See Whole.]

1. The state of being hale, sound, or whole, in body, mind, or soul; especially, the state of being free from physical disease or pain.

There is no health in us. Book of Common Prayer.
Though health may be enjoyed without gratitude, it can not be sported with without loss, or regained by courage. Buckminster.

2. A wish of health and happiness, as in pledging a person in a toast. "Come, love and health to all." Shak. Bill of health. See under Bill. -- Health lift, a machine for exercise, so arranged that a person lifts an increasing weight, or moves a spring of increasing tension, in such a manner that most of the muscles of the body are brought into gradual action; -- also called lifting machine. -- Health officer, one charged with the enforcement of the sanitary laws of a port or other place. -- To drink a health. See under Drink.

Healthful

Health"ful (?), a.

1. Full of health; free from illness or disease; well; whole; sound; healthy; as, a healthful body or mind; a healthful plant.

2. Serving to promote health of body or mind; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a healthful air, diet.

The healthful Spirit of thy grace. Book of Common Prayer.

3. Indicating, characterized by, or resulting from, health or soundness; as, a healthful condition.

A mind . . . healthful and so well-proportioned. Macaulay.

4. Well-disposed; favorable. [R.]

Gave healthful welcome to their shipwrecked guests. Shak.

Healthfully

Health"ful*ly, adv. In health; wholesomely.

Healthfulness

Health"ful*ness, n. The state of being healthful.

Healthily

Health"i*ly (?), adv. In a healthy manner.

Healthiness

Health"i*ness, n. The state of being healthy or healthful; freedom from disease.

Healthless

Health"less, n.

1. Without health, whether of body or mind; in firm. "A healthless or old age." Jer. Taylor.

2. Not conducive to health; unwholesome. [R.]

Healthlessness

Health"less*ness, n. The state of being health

Healthsome

Health"some, a. Wholesome; salubrious. [R.] "Healthsome air." Shak.

Healthward

Health"ward (?), a. & adv. In the direction of health; as, a healthward tendency.

Healthy

Health"y (?), a. [Compar. Healthier (?); superl. Healthiest.]

1. Being in a state of health; enjoying health; hale; sound; free from disease; as, a healthy chid; a healthy plant.

His mind was now in a firm and healthy state. Macaulay.

2. Evincing health; as, a healthy pulse; a healthy complexion.

3. Conducive to health; wholesome; salubrious; salutary; as, a healthy exercise; a healthy climate. Syn. -- Vigorous; sound; hale; salubrious; healthful; wholesome; salutary.

Heam

Heam (?), n. [Cf. AS. cidhamma womb, OD. hamme afterbirth, LG. hamen.] The afterbirth or secundines of a beast.

Heap

Heap (?), n. [OE. heep, heap, heap, multitude, AS. he\'a0p; akin to OS. h, D. hoop, OHG. houf, h, G. haufe, haufen, Sw. hop, Dan. hob., Icel. h troop, flock, Russ. kupa heap, crowd, Lith. kaupas. Cf. Hope, in Forlorn hope.]

1. A crowd; a throng; a multitude or great number of persons. [Now Low or Humorous]

The wisdom of a heap of learned men. Chaucer.
A heap of vassals and slaves. Bacon.
He had heaps of friends. W.Black.

2. A great number or large quantity of things not placed in a pile. [Now Low or Humorous]

A vast heap, both of places of scripture and quotations. Bp. Burnet.
I have noticed a heap of things in my life. R. L. Stevenson.

3. A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body, or thrown together so as to form an elevation; as, a heap of earth or stones.

Huge heaps of slain around the body rise. Dryden.
<-- (Computer programming) The main segment of memory available for dynamic assignment -->

Heap

Heap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heaping.] [AS. he\'a0pian.]

1. To collect in great quantity; to amass; to lay up; to accumulate; -- usually with up; as, to heap up treasures.

Though he heap up silver as the dust. Job. xxvii. 16.

2. To throw or lay in a heap; to make a heap of; to pile; as, to heap stones; -- often with up; as, to heap up earth; or with on; as, to heap on wood or coal.


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3. To form or round into a heap, as in measuring; to fill (a measure) more than even full.

Heaper

Heap"er (?), n. One who heaps, piles, or amasses.

Heapy

Heap"y (?), a. Lying in heaps. Gay.

Hear

Hear (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heard (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Hearing.] [OE. heren, AS,. hi\'82ran, hran, hran; akin to OS. h, OFries. hera, hora, D. hooren, OHG. h, G. h\'94ren, Icel. heyra, Sw: h\'94ra, Dan. hore, Goth. hausjan, and perh. to Gr. acoustic. Cf. Hark, Hearken.]

1. To perceive by the ear; to apprehend or take cognizance of by the ear; as, to hear sounds; to hear a voice; to hear one call.

Lay thine ear close to the ground, and list if thou canst hear the tread of travelers. Shak.
He had been heard to utter an ominous growl. Macaulay.

2. To give audience or attention to; to listen to; to heed; to accept the doctrines or advice of; to obey; to examine; to try in a judicial court; as, to hear a recitation; to hear a class; the case will be heard to-morrow.

3. To attend, or be present at, as hearer or worshiper; as, to hear a concert; to hear Mass.

4. To give attention to as a teacher or judge.

Thy matters are good and right, but there is no man deputed of the king to hear thee. 2 Sam. xv. 3.
I beseech your honor to hear me one single word. Shak.

5. To accede to the demand or wishes of; to listen to and answer favorably; to favor.

I love the Lord, because he hath heard my voice. Ps. cxvi. 1.
They think that they shall be heard for their much speaking. Matt. vi. 7.
Hear him. See Remark, under Hear, v. i. -- To hear a bird sing, to receive private communication. [Colloq.] Shak. -- To hear say, to hear one say; to learn by common report; to receive by rumor. [Colloq.]

Hear

Hear, v. i.

1. To have the sense or faculty of perceiving sound. "The Hearing ear." Prov. xx. 12.

2. To use the power of perceiving sound; to perceive or apprehend by the ear; to attend; to listen.

So spake our mother Eve, and Adam heard, Well pleased, but answered not. Milton.

3. To be informed by oral communication; to be told; to receive information by report or by letter.

I have heard, sir, of such a man. Shak.
I must hear from thee every day in the hour. Shak.
To hear ill, to be blamed. [Obs.]
Not only within his own camp, but also now at Rome, he heard ill for his temporizing and slow proceedings. Holland.
-- To hear well, to be praised. [Obs.]
&hand; Hear, or Hear him, is often used in the imperative, especially in the course of a speech in English assemblies, to call attention to the words of the speaker.
Hear him, . . . a cry indicative, according to the tone, of admiration, acquiescence, indignation, or derision. Macaulay.

Heard

Heard (?), imp. & p. p. of Hear.

Hearer

Hear"er (?), n. One who hears; an auditor.

Hearing

Hear"ing, n.

1. The act or power of perceiving sound; perception of sound; the faculty or sense by which sound is perceived; as, my hearing is good.

I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear. Job xlii. 5.
&hand; Hearing in a special sensation, produced by stimEar.

2. Attention to what is delivered; opportunity to be heard; audience; as, I could not obtain a hearing.

3. A listening to facts and evidence, for the sake of adjudication; a session of a court for considering proofs and determining issues.

His last offenses to us Shall have judicious hearing. Shak.
Another hearing before some other court. Dryden.
&hand; Hearing, as applied to equity cases, means the same thing that the word trial does at law. Abbot.

4. Extent within which sound may be heard; sound; earshot. "She's not within hearing." Shak.

They laid him by the pleasant shore, And in the hearing of the wave. Tennyson.

Hearken

Heark"en (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hearkened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hearkening.] [OE. hercnen, hercnien, AS. hercnian, heorcnian, fr. hi\'82ran, h, to hear; akin to OD. harcken, horcken, LG. harken, horken, G. horchen. See Hear, and cf. Hark..]

1. To listen; to lend the ear; to attend to what is uttered; to give heed; to hear, in order to obey or comply.

The Furies hearken, and their snakes uncurl. Dryden.
Hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you. Deut. iv. 1.

2. To inquire; to seek information. [Obs.] "Hearken after their offense." Shak. Syn. -- To attend; listen; hear; heed. See Attend, v. i.

Hearken

Heark"en, v. t.

1. To hear by listening. [Archaic]

[She] hearkened now and then Some little whispering and soft groaning sound. Spenser.

2. To give heed to; to hear attentively. [Archaic]

The King of Naples . . . hearkens my brother's suit. Shak.
To hearken out, to search out. [Obs.]
If you find none, you must hearken out a vein and buy. B. Johnson.

Hearkener

Heark"en*er (?), n. One who hearkens; a listener.

Hearsal

Hear"sal (?), n. Rehearsal. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hearsay

Hear"say` (?), n. Report; rumor; fame; common talk; something heard from another.
Much of the obloquy that has so long rested on the memory of our great national poet originated in frivolous hearsays of his life and conversation. Prof. Wilson.
Hearsay evidence (Law), that species of testimony which consists in a a narration by one person of matters told him by another. It is, with a few exceptions, inadmissible as testimony. Abbott.

Hearse

Hearse (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A hind in the year of its age. [Eng.] Wright.

Hearse

Hearse (?), n. [See Herse.]

1. A framework of wood or metal placed over the coffin or tomb of a deceased person, and covered with a pall; also, a temporary canopy bearing wax lights and set up in a church, under which the coffin was placed during the funeral ceremonies. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss.

2. A grave, coffin, tomb, or sepulchral monument. [Archaic] "Underneath this marble hearse." B. Johnson.

Beside the hearse a fruitful palm tree grows. Fairfax
Who lies beneath this sculptured hearse. Longfellow.

3. A bier or handbarrow for conveying the dead to the grave. [Obs.]

Set down, set down your honorable load, It honor may be shrouded in a hearse. Shak.

4. A carriage specially adapted or used for conveying the dead to the grave.

Hearse

Hearse, v. t. To inclose in a hearse; to entomb. [Obs.] "Would she were hearsed at my foot." Shak.

Hearsecloth

Hearse"cloth` (?; 115), n. A cloth for covering a coffin when on a bier; a pall. Bp. Sanderson.

Hearselike

Hearse"like" (?), a. Suitable to a funeral.
If you listen to David's harp, you shall hear as many hearselike airs as carols. Bacon.

Heart

Heart (?), n. [OE. harte, herte, heorte, AS. heorte; akin to OS. herta, OFies. hirte, D. hart, OHG. herza, G. herz, Icel. hjarta, Sw. hjerta, Goth. ha\'a1rt, Lith. szirdis, Russ. serdtse, Ir. cridhe, L. cor, Gr. Accord, Discord, Cordial, 4th Core, Courage.]

1. (Anat.) A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.

Why does my blood thus muster to my heart! Shak.
&hand; In adult mammals and birds, the heart is four-chambered, the right auricle and ventricle being completely separated from the left auricle and ventricle; and the blood flows from the systematic veins to the right auricle, thence to the right ventricle, from which it is forced to the lungs, then returned to the left auricle, thence passes to the left ventricle, from which it is driven into the systematic arteries. See Illust. under Aorta. In fishes there are but one auricle and one ventricle, the blood being pumped from the ventricle through the gills to the system, and thence returned to the auricle. In most amphibians and reptiles, the separation of the auricles is partial or complete, and in reptiles the ventricles also are separated more or less completely. The so-called lymph hearts, found in many amphibians, reptiles, and birds, are contractile sacs, which pump the lymph into the veins.

2. The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, and the like; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; -- usually in a good sense, when no epithet is expressed; the better or lovelier part of our nature; the spring of all our actions and purposes; the seat of moral life and character; the moral affections and character itself; the individual disposition and character; as, a good, tender, loving, bad, hard, or selfish heart.

Hearts are dust, hearts' loves remain. Emerson.

3. The nearest the middle or center; the part most hidden and within; the inmost or most essential part of any body or system; the source of life and motion in any organization; the chief or vital portion; the center of activity, or of energetic or efficient action; as, the heart of a country, of a tree, etc.

Exploits done in the heart of France. Shak.
Peace subsisting at the heart Of endless agitation. Wordsworth.

4. Courage; courageous purpose; spirit.

Eve, recovering heart, replied. Milton.
The expelled nations take heart, and when they fly from one country invade another. Sir W. Temple.

5. Vigorous and efficient activity; power of fertile production; condition of the soil, whether good or bad.

That the spent earth may gather heart again. Dryden.

6. That which resembles a heart in shape; especially, a roundish or oval figure or object having an obtuse point at one end, and at the other a corresponding indentation, -- used as a symbol or representative of the heart.

7. One of a series of playing cards, distinguished by the figure or figures of a heart; as, hearts are trumps.

8. Vital part; secret meaning; real intention.

And then show you the heart of my message. Shak.

9. A term of affectionate or kindly and familiar address. "I speak to thee, my heart." Shak. &hand; Heart is used in many compounds, the most of which need no special explanation; as, heart-appalling, heart-breaking, heart-cheering, heart-chilled, heart-expanding, heart-free, heart-hardened, heart-heavy, heart-purifying, heart-searching, heart-sickening, heart-sinking, heart-stirring, heart-touching, heart-wearing, heart-whole, heart-wounding, heart-wringing, etc. After one's own heart, conforming with one's inmost approval and desire; as, a friend after my own heart.

The Lord hath sought him a man after his own heart. 1 Sam. xiii. 14.
-- At heart, in the inmost character or disposition; at bottom; really; as, he is at heart a good man. -- By heart, in the closest or most thorough manner; as, to know or learn by heart. "Composing songs, for fools to get by heart" (that is, to commit to memory, or to learn thoroughly). Pope. -- For my heart, for my life; if my life were at stake. [Obs.] "I could not get him for my heart to do it." Shak. -- Heart bond (Masonry), a bond in which no header stone stretches across the wall, but two headers meet in the middle, and their joint is covered by another stone laid header fashion. Knight. -- Heart and hand, with enthusiastic co\'94peration. -- Heart hardness, hardness of heart; callousness of feeling; moral insensibility. Shak. -- Heart heaviness, depression of spirits. Shak. -- Heart point (Her.), the fess point. See Escutcheon. -- Heart rising, a rising of the heart, as in opposition. -- Heart shell (Zo\'94l.), any marine, bivalve shell of the genus Cardium and allied genera, having a heart-shaped shell; esp., the European Isocardia cor; -- called also heart cockle. -- Heart sickness, extreme depression of spirits. -- Heart and soul, with the utmost earnestness. -- Heart urchin (Zo\'94l.), any heartshaped, spatangoid sea urchin. See Spatangoid. -- Heart wheel, a form of cam, shaped like a heart. See Cam. -- In good heart, in good courage; in good hope. -- Out of heart, discouraged. -- Poor heart, an exclamation of pity. -- To break the heart of. (a) To bring to despair or hopeless grief; to cause to be utterly cast down by sorrow. (b) To bring almost to completion; to finish very nearly; -- said of anything undertaken; as, he has broken the heart of the task. -- To find in the heart, to be willing or disposed. "I could find in my heart to ask your pardon." Sir P. Sidney. -- To have at heart, to desire (anything) earnestly. -- To have in the heart, to purpose; to design or intend to do. -- To have the heart in the mouth, to be much frightened. -- To lose heart, to become discouraged. -- To lose one's heart, to fall in love. -- To set the heart at rest, to put one's self at ease. -- To set the heart upon, to fix the desires on; to long for earnestly; to be very fond of. -- To take heart of grace, to take courage. -- To take to heart, to grieve over. -- To wear one's heart upon one's sleeve, to expose one's feelings or intentions; to be frank or impulsive. -- With all one's whole heart, very earnestly; fully; completely; devotedly.

Heart

Heart (?), v. t. To give heart to; to hearten; to encourage; to inspirit. [Obs.]
My cause is hearted; thine hath no less reason. Shak.

Heart

Heart, v. i. To form a compact center or heart; as, a hearting cabbage.

Heartache

Heart"ache` (?), n. [Cf. AS. heortece.] Sorrow; anguish of mind; mental pang. Shak.

Heartbreak

Heart"break` (?), n. Crushing sorrow or grief; a yielding to such grief. Shak.

Heartbreaking

Heart"break`ing, a. Causing overpowering sorrow.

Heartbroken

Heart"bro`ken (?), a. Overcome by crushing sorrow; deeply grieved.

Heartburn

Heart"burn` (?), n. (Med.) An uneasy, burning sensation in the stomach, often attended with an inclination to vomit. It is sometimes idiopathic, but is often a symptom of often complaints.

Heartburned

Heart"burned` (?), a. Having heartburn. Shak.

Heartburning

Heart"burn`ing (?), a. Causing discontent.

Heartburning

Heart"burn`ing, n.

1. (Med.) Same as Heartburn.

2. Discontent; secret enmity. Swift.

The transaction did not fail to leave heartburnings. Palfrey.

Heartdear

Heart"dear` (?), a. Sincerely beloved. [R.] Shak.

Heartdeep

Heart"deep` (?), a. Rooted in the heart. Herbert.

Heart-eating

Heart"-eat`ing (?), a. Preying on the heart.

Hearted

Heart"ed, a.

1. Having a heart; having (such) a heart (regarded as the seat of the affections, disposition, or character).

2. Shaped like a heart; cordate. [R.] Landor.

3. Seated or laid up in the heart.

I hate the Moor: my cause is hearted. Shak.
&hand; This word is chiefly used in composition; as, hard-hearted, faint-hearted, kind-hearted, lion-hearted, stout-hearted, etc. Hence the nouns hard-heartedness, faint-heartedness, etc.

Heartedness

Heart"ed*ness, n. Earnestness; sincerity; heartiness. [R.] Clarendon. &hand; See also the Note under Hearted. The analysis of the compounds gives hard-hearted + -ness, rather than hard + heartedness, etc.

Hearten

Heart"en (?), v. t. [From Heart.]

1. To encourage; to animate; to incite or stimulate the courage of; to embolden.

Hearten those that fight in your defense. Shak.

2. To restore fertility or strength to, as to land.

Heartener

Heart"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, heartens, animates, or stirs up. W. Browne.

Heartfelt

Heart"felt` (?), a. Hearty; sincere.

Heartgrief

Heart"grief` (?), n. Heartache; sorrow. Milton.

Hearth

Hearth (?), n. [OE. harthe, herth, herthe, AS. heor; akin to D. haard, heerd, Sw. h\'84rd, G. herd; cf. Goth. ha\'a3ri a coal, Icel. hyrr embers, and L. cremare to burn.]

1. The pavement or floor of brick, stone, or metal in a chimney, on which a fire is made; the floor of a fireplace; also, a corresponding part of a stove.

There was a fire on the hearth burning before him. Jer. xxxvi. 22.
Where fires thou find'st unraked and hearths unswept. There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry. Shak.

2. The house itself, as the abode of comfort to its inmates and of hospitality to strangers; fireside.

3. (Metal. & Manuf.) The floor of a furnace, on which the material to be heated lies, or the lowest part of a melting furnace, into which the melted material settles. Hearth ends (Metal.), fragments of lead ore ejected from the furnace by the blast. -- Hearth money, Hearth penny [AS. heor&edh;pening], a tax formerly laid in England on hearths, each hearth (in all houses paying the church and poor rates) being taxed at two shillings; -- called also chimney money, etc.

He had been importuned by the common people to relieve them from the . . . burden of the hearth money. Macaulay.

Hearthstone

Hearth"stone` (?), n. Stone forming the hearth; hence, the fireside; home.
Chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone. A. Lincoln.

Heartily

Heart"i*ly (?), adv. [From Hearty.]

1. From the heart; with all the heart; with sincerity.

I heartily forgive them. Shak.

2. With zeal; actively; vigorously; willingly; cordially; as, he heartily assisted the prince. To eat heartily, to eat freely and with relish. Addison. Syn. -- Sincerely; cordially; zealously; vigorously; actively; warmly; eagerly; ardently; earnestly.


Page 679

Heariness

Hear"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being hearty; as, the heartiness of a greeting.

Heartless

Heart"less, a.

1. Without a heart.

You have left me heartess; mine is in your bosom. J. Webster.

2. Destitute of courage; spiritless; despodent.

Heartless they fought, and quitted soon their ground. Dryden.
Heartless and melancholy. W. Irwing.

3. Destitute of feeling or affection; unsympathetic; cruel. "The heartless parasites." Byron. -- Heart"less*ly, adv. -- Heart"less*ness, n.

Heartlet

Heart"let (?), n.. A little heart.

Heartlings

Heart"lings (?), interj. An exclamation used in addressing a familiar acquaintance. [Obs.] Shak.

Heartpea

Heart"pea` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Heartseed.

Heartquake

Heart"quake` (?), n. Trembling of the heart; trepidation; fear.
In many an hour of danger and heartquake. Hawthorne.

Heartrending

Heart"rend`ing (?), a. Causing intense grief; overpowering with anguish; very distressing.

Heart-robbing

Heart"-rob`bing (?), a.

1. Depriving of thought; ecstatic. "Heart-robbing gladness." Spenser.

2. Stealing the heart or affections; winning.

Heart's-ease

Heart's"-ease` (?), n.

1. Ease of heart; peace or tranquillity of mind or feeling. Shak.

2. (Bot.) A species of violet (Viola tricolor); -- called also pansy.

Heartseed

Heart"seed` (?), n. (Bot.) A climbing plant of the genus Cardiospermum, having round seeds which are marked with a spot like a heart. Loudon.

Heartshaped

Heart"shaped` (, a. Having the shape of a heart; cordate.

Heartsick

Heart"sick` (?), a. [AS. heorise\'a2c.] Sick at heart; extremely depressed in spirits; very despondent.

Heartsome

Heart"some (?), a. Merry; cheerful; lively. [Scot.]

Heart-spoon

Heart"-spoon` (?), n. A part of the breastbone. [Obs.]
He feeleth through the herte-spon the pricke. Chaucer.

Heartstricken

Heart"strick`en (?), a. Shocked; dismayed.

Heartstrike

Heart"strike` (?), v. t. To affect at heart; to shock. [R.] "The seek to heartstrike us." B. Jonson.

Heartstring

Heart"string` (?), n. A nerve or tendon, supposed to brace and sustain the heart. Shak.
Sobbing, as if a hearstring broke. Moore.

Heartstruck

Heart"struck` (?), a.

1. Driven to the heart; infixed in the mind. "His heartstruck injuries." Shak.

2. Shocked with pain, fear, or remorse; dismayed; heartstricken. Milton.

Heartswelling

Heart"swell`ing (?), a. Rankling in, or swelling, the heart. "Heartswelling hate." Spenser.

Heart-whole

Heart"-whole` (?), a. [See Whole.]

1. Having the heart or affections free; not in love. Shak.

2. With unbroken courage; undismayed.

3. Of a single and sincere heart.

If he keeps heart-whole towards his Master. Bunyan.

Heartwood

Heart"wood` (?), n. The hard, central part of the trunk of a tree, consisting of the old and matured wood, and usually differing in color from the outer layers. It is technically known as duramen, and distinguished from the softer sapwood or alburnum.

Heart-wounded

Heart"-wound`ed (?), a. Wounded to the heart with love or grief. Pope.

Hearty

Heart"y (?), a. [Compar. Heartier (?); superl. Heartiest.]

1. Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the heart; warm; cordial; bold; zealous; sincere; willing; also, energetic; active; eager; as, a hearty welcome; hearty in supporting the government.

Full of hearty tears For our good father's loss. Marston.

2. Exhibiting strength; sound; healthy; firm; not weak; as, a hearty timber.

3. Promoting strength; nourishing; rich; abundant; as, hearty food; a hearty meal. Syn. -- Sincere; real; unfeigned; undissembled; cordial; earnest; warm; zealous; ardent; eager; active; vigorous. -- Hearty, Cordial, Sincere. Hearty implies honesty and simplicity of feelings and manners; cordial refers to the warmth and liveliness with which the feelings are expressed; sincere implies that this expression corresponds to the real sentiments of the heart. A man should be hearty in his attachment to his friends, cordial in his reception of them to his house, and sincere in his offers to assist them.

Hearty

Heart"y, n.; pl. Hearties (. Comrade; boon companion; good fellow; -- a term of familiar address and fellowship among sailors. Dickens.

Heartyhale

Heart"y*hale` (?), a. Good for the heart. [Obs.]

Heat

Heat (?), n. [OE. hete, h\'91te, AS. h, h, fr. h\'bet hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw. hetta. See Hot.]

1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode if motion, being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was given the name caloric. &hand; As affecting the human body, heat produces different sensations, which are called by different names, as heat or sensible heat, warmth, cold, etc., according to its degree or amount relatively to the normal temperature of the body.

2. The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire, the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of cold.

3. High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature, or cold; as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter; heat of the skin or body in fever, etc.

Else how had the world . . . Avoided pinching cold and scorching heat! Milton.

4. Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness; high color; flush; degree of temperature to which something is heated, as indicated by appearance, condition, or otherwise.

It has raised . . . heats in their faces. Addison.
The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood-red heat, a white-flame heat, and a sparking or welding heat. Moxon.

5. A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number of heats.

6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses; as, he won two heats out of three.

Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the heats. Dryden.
[He] struck off at one heat the matchless tale of "Tam o'Shanter." J. C. Shairp.

7. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle or party. "The heat of their division." Shak.

8. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation. "The head and hurry of his rage." South.

9. Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency.

With all the strength and heat of eloquence. Addison.

10. Sexual excitement in animals.

11. Fermentation. Animal heat, Blood heat, Capacity for heat, etc. See under Animal, Blood, etc. -- Atomic heat (Chem.), the product obtained by multiplying the atomic weight of any element by its specific heat. The atomic heat of all solid elements is nearly a constant, the mean value being 6.4. -- Dynamical theory of heat, that theory of heat which assumes it to be, not a peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar motion of the ultimate particles of matter. Heat engine, any apparatus by which a heated substance, as a heated fluid, is made to perform work by giving motion to mechanism, as a hot-air engine, or a steam engine. -- Heat producers. (Physiol.) See under Food. -- Heat rays, a term formerly applied to the rays near the red end of the spectrum, whether within or beyond the visible spectrum. -- Heat weight (Mech.), the product of any quantity of heat by the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute temperature; -- called also thermodynamic function, and entropy. -- Mechanical equivalent of heat. See under Equivalent. -- Specific heat of a substance (at any temperature), the number of units of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the substance at that temperature one degree. -- Unit of heat, the quantity of heat required to raise, by one degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water, initially at a certain standard temperature. The temperature usually employed is that of 0° Centigrade, or 32° Fahrenheit.

Heat

Heat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heated; p. pr. & vb. n. Heating.] [OE. heten, AS. h, fr. h\'bet hot. See Hot.]

1. To make hot; to communicate heat to, or cause to grow warm; as, to heat an oven or furnace, an iron, or the like.

Heat me these irons hot. Shak.

2. To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish.

Pray, walk softly; do not heat your blood. Shak.

3. To excite ardor in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions.

A noble emulation heats your breast. Dryden.

Heat

Heat, v. i.

1. To grow warm or not by the action of fire or friction, etc., or the communication of heat; as, the iron or the water heats slow.

2. To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or the development of heat by chemical action; as, green hay heats in a mow, and manure in the dunghill.

Heat

Heat (?), imp. & p. p. of Heat. Heated; as, the iron though heat red-hot. [Obs. or Archaic.] Shak.

Heater

Heat"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, heats.

2. Any contrivance or implement, as a furnace, stove, or other heated body or vessel, etc., used to impart heat to something, or to contain something to be heated. Feed heater. See under Feed.

Heath

Heath (?), n. [OE. heth waste land, the plant heath, AS. h; akin to D. & G. heide, Icel. hei waste land, Dan. hede, Sw. hed, Goth. haipi field, L. bucetum a cow pasture; cf. W. coed a wood, Skr. ksh field. &root;20.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A low shrub (Erica, ∨ Calluna, vulgaris), with minute evergreen leaves, and handsome clusters of pink flowers. It is used in Great Britain for brooms, thatch, beds for the poor, and for heating ovens. It is also called heather, and ling. (b) Also, any species of the genus Erica, of which several are European, and many more are South African, some of great beauty. See Illust. of Heather.

2. A place overgrown with heath; any cheerless tract of country overgrown with shrubs or coarse herbage.

Their stately growth, though bare, Stands on the blasted heath. Milton
Heath cock (Zo\'94l.), the blackcock. See Heath grouse (below). -- Heath grass (Bot.), a kind of perennial grass, of the genus Triodia (T. decumbens), growing on dry heaths. -- Heath grouse, ∨ Heath game (Zo\'94l.), a European grouse (Tetrao tetrix), which inhabits heats; -- called also black game, black grouse, heath poult, heath fowl, moor fowl. The male is called, heath cock, and blackcock; the female, heath hen, and gray hen. -- Heath hen. (Zo\'94l.) See Heath grouse (above). -- Heath pea (bot.), a species of bitter vetch (Lathyris macrorhizus), the tubers of which are eaten, and in Scotland are used to flavor whisky. -- Heath throstle (Zo\'94l.), a European thrush which frequents heaths; the ring ouzel.

Heathclad

Heath"clad` (?), a. Clad or crowned with heath.

Heathen

Hea"then (?; 277), n.; pl. Heathens (#) or collectively Heathen. [OE. hethen, AS. h, prop. an adj. fr. h heath, and orig., therefore, one who lives in the country or on the heaths and in the woods (cf. pagan, fr. pagus village); akin to OS. h, adj., D. heiden a heathen, G. heide, OHG. heidan, Icel. hei, adj., Sw. heden, Goth. haipn, n. fem. See Heath, and cf. Hoiden.]

1. An individual of the pagan or unbelieving nations, or those which worship idols and do not acknowledge the true God; a pagan; an idolater.

2. An irreligious person.

If it is no more than a moral discourse, he may preach it and they may hear it, and yet both continue unconverted heathens. V. Knox.
The heathen, as the term is used in the Scriptures, all people except the Jews; now used of all people except Christians, Jews, and Mohammedans.
Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance. Ps. ii. 8.
Syn. -- Pagan; gentile. See Pagan.

Heathen

Hea"then (?), a.

1. Gentile; pagan; as, a heathen author. "The heathen philosopher." "All in gold, like heathen gods." Shak.

2. Barbarous; unenlightened; heathenish.

3. Irreligious; scoffing.

Heathendom

Hea"then*dom (?), n. [AS. h&aemac;&edh;end&omac;m.]

1. That part of the world where heathenism prevails; the heathen nations, considered collectively.

2. Heathenism. C. Kingsley.

Heathenesse

Hea"then*esse (?), n. [AS. h&aemac;&edh;ennes, i. e., heathenness.] Heathendom. [Obs.] Chaucer. Sir W. Scott.

Heathenish

Hea"then*ish, a. [AS. h&aemac;&edh;enisc.]

1. Of or pertaining to the heathen; resembling or characteristic of heathens. "Worse than heathenish crimes." Milton.

2. Rude; uncivilized; savage; cruel. South.

3. Irreligious; as, a heathenish way of living.

Heathenishly

Hea"then*ish"ly, adv. In a heathenish manner.

Heathenishness

Hea"then*ish*ness, n. The state or quality of being heathenish. "The . . . heathenishness and profaneness of most playbooks." Prynne.

Heathenism

Hea"then*ism (?), n.

1. The religious system or rites of a heathen nation; idolatry; paganism.

2. The manners or morals usually prevalent in a heathen country; ignorance; rudeness; barbarism.

Heathenize

Hea"then*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heathenized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heathenizing (?).] To render heathen or heathenish. Firmin.

Heathenness

Hea"then*ness, n. [Cf. Heathenesse.] State of being heathen or like the heathen.

Heathenry

Hea"then*ry (?), n.

1. The state, quality, or character of the heathen.

Your heathenry and your laziness. C. Kingsley.

2. Heathendom; heathen nations.

Heather

Heath"er (?; 277. This is the only pronunciation in Scotland), n. [See Heath.] Heath. [Scot.]
Gorse and grass And heather, where his footsteps pass, The brighter seem. Longfellow.
Heather bell (Bot.), one of the pretty subglobose flowers of two European kinds of heather (Erica Tetralix, and E. cinerea).

Heathery

Heath"er*y (?), a. Heathy; abounding in heather; of the nature of heath.

Heathy

Heath"y (?), a. Full of heath; abounding with heath; as, heathy land; heathy hills. Sir W. Scott.

Heating

Heat"ing (?), a. That heats or imparts heat; promoting warmth or heat; exciting action; stimulating; as, heating medicines or applications. Heating surface (Steam Boilers), the aggregate surface exposed to fire or to the heated products of combustion, esp. of all the plates or sheets that are exposed to water on their opposite surfaces; -- called also fire surface.

Heatingly

Heat"ing*ly, adv. In a heating manner; so as to make or become hot or heated.

Heatless

Heat"less, a. Destitute of heat; cold. Beau. & Fl.

Heave

Heave (?), v. t. [imp. Heaved (?), or Hove (; p. p. Heaved, Hove, formerly Hoven (; p. pr. & vb. n. Heaving.] [OE. heven, hebben, As. hebban; akin to OS. hebbian, D. heffen, OHG. heffan, hevan, G. heven, Icel. h\'84fva, Dan. h\'91ve, Goth. hafjan, L. capere to take, seize; cf. Gr. Accept, Behoof, Capacious, Forceps, haft, Receipt.]

1. To cause to move upward or onward by a lifting effort; to lift; to raise; to hoist; -- often with up; as, the wave heaved the boat on land.

One heaved ahigh, to be hurled down below. Shak.
&hand; Heave, as now used, implies that the thing raised is heavy or hard to move; but formerly it was used in a less restricted sense.
Here a little child I stand, Heaving up my either hand. Herrick.

2. To throw; to cast; -- obsolete, provincial, or colloquial, except in certain nautical phrases; as, to heave the lead; to heave the log.

3. To force from, or into, any position; to cause to move; also, to throw off; -- mostly used in certain nautical phrases; as, to heave the ship ahead.

4. To raise or force from the breast; to utter with effort; as, to heave a sigh.

The wretched animal heaved forth such groans. Shak.

5. To cause to swell or rise, as the breast or bosom.

The glittering, finny swarms That heave our friths, and crowd upon our shores. Thomson.
To heave a cable short (Naut.), to haul in cable till the ship is almost perpendicularly above the anchor. -- To heave a ship ahead (Naut.), to warp her ahead when not under sail, as by means of cables. -- To heave a ship down (Naut.), to throw or lay her down on one side; to careen her. -- To heave a ship to (Naut.), to bring the ship's head to the wind, and stop her motion. -- To heave about (Naut.), to put about suddenly. -- To heave in (Naut.), to shorten (cable). -- To heave in stays (Naut.), to put a vessel on the other tack. -- To heave out a sail (Naut.), to unfurl it. -- To heave taut (Naut.), to turn a capstan, etc., till the rope becomes strained. See Taut, and Tight. -- To heave the lead (Naut.), to take soundings with lead and line. -- To heave the log. (Naut.) See Log. -- To heave up anchor (Naut.), to raise it from the bottom of the sea or elsewhere.
Page 680

Heave

Heave (?), v. i.

1. To be thrown up or raised; to rise upward, as a tower or mound.

And the huge columns heave into the sky. Pope.
Where heaves the turf in many a moldering heap. Gray.
The heaving sods of Bunker Hill. E. Everett.

2. To rise and fall with alternate motions, as the lungs in heavy breathing, as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on the billows, as the earth when broken up by frost, etc.; to swell; to dilate; to expand; to distend; hence, to labor; to struggle.

Frequent for breath his panting bosom heaves. Prior.
The heaving plain of ocean. Byron.

3. To make an effort to raise, throw, or move anything; to strain to do something difficult.

The Church of England had struggled and heaved at a reformation ever since Wyclif's days. Atterbury.

4. To make an effort to vomit; to retch; to vomit. To heave at. (a) To make an effort at. (b) To attack, to oppose. [Obs.] Fuller. -- To heave in sight (as a ship at sea), to come in sight; to appear. -- To heave up, to vomit. [Low]

Heave

Heave, n.

1. An effort to raise something, as a weight, or one's self, or to move something heavy.

After many strains and heaves He got up to his saddle eaves. Hudibras.

2. An upward motion; a rising; a swell or distention, as of the breast in difficult breathing, of the waves, of the earth in an earthquake, and the like.

There's matter in these sighs, these profound heaves, You must translate. Shak.
None could guess whether the next heave of the earthquake would settle . . . or swallow them. Dryden.

3. (Geol.) A horizontal dislocation in a metallic lode, taking place at an intersection with another lode.

Heaven

Heav"en (?), n. [OE. heven, hefen, heofen, AS. heofon; akin to OS. hevan, LG. heben, heven, Icel. hifinn; of uncertain origin, cf. D. hemel, G. himmel, Icel. himmin, Goth. himins; perh. akin to, or influenced by, the root of E. heave, or from a root signifying to cover, cf. Goth. gaham to put on, clothe one's self, G. hemd shirt, and perh. E. chemise.]

1. The expanse of space surrounding the earth; esp., that which seems to be over the earth like a great arch or dome; the firmament; the sky; the place where the sun, moon, and stars appear; -- often used in the plural in this sense.

I never saw the heavens so dim by day. Shak.
When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the sun in heaven. D. Webster.

2. The dwelling place of the Deity; the abode of bliss; the place or state of the blessed after death.

Unto the God of love, high heaven's King. Spenser.
It is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell. Shak.
New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven. Keble.
&hand; In this general sense heaven and its corresponding words in other languages have as various definite interpretations as there are phases of religious belief.

3. The sovereign of heaven; God; also, the assembly of the blessed, collectively; -- used variously in this sense, as in No. 2.

Her prayers, whom Heaven delights to hear. Shak.
The will And high permission of all-ruling Heaven. Milton.

4. Any place of supreme happiness or great comfort; perfect felicity; bliss; a sublime or exalted condition; as, a heaven of delight. "A heaven of beauty." Shak. "The brightest heaven of invention." Shak.

O bed! bed! delicious bed! That heaven upon earth to the weary head! Hood.
&hand; Heaven is very often used, esp. with participles, in forming compound words, most of which need no special explanation; as, heaven-appeasing, heaven-aspiring, heaven-begot, heaven-born, heaven-bred, heaven-conducted, heaven-descended, heaven-directed, heaven-exalted, heaven-given, heaven-guided, heaven-inflicted, heaven-inspired, heaven-instructed, heaven-kissing, heaven-loved, heaven-moving, heaven-protected, heaven-taught, heaven-warring, and the like.

Heaven

Heav"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heavened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heavening.] To place in happiness or bliss, as if in heaven; to beatify. [R.]
We are happy as the bird whose nest Is heavened in the hush of purple hills. G. Massey.

Heavenize

Heav"en*ize (?), v. t. To render like heaven or fit for heaven. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Heavenliness

Heav"en*li*ness (?), n. [From Heavenly.] The state or quality of being heavenly. Sir J. Davies.

Heavenly

Heav"en*ly, a. [AS. heofonic.]

1. Pertaining to, resembling, or inhabiting heaven; celestial; not earthly; as, heavenly regions; heavenly music.

As is the heavenly, such are they also that are heavenly. 1 Cor. xv. 48.

2. Appropriate to heaven in character or happiness; perfect; pure; supremely blessed; as, a heavenly race; the heavenly, throng.

The love of heaven makes one heavenly. Sir P. Sidney.

Heavenly

Heav"en*ly, adv.

1. In a manner resembling that of heaven. "She was heavenly true." Shak.

2. By the influence or agency of heaven.

Out heavenly guided soul shall climb. Milton.

Heavenlyminded

Heav"en*ly*mind`ed (?), a. Having the thoughts and affections placed on, or suitable for, heaven and heavenly objects; devout; godly; pious. Milner. -- Heav"en*ly*mind`ed*ness, n.

Heavenward

Heav"en*ward (?), a & adv. Toward heaven.

Heave offering

Heave" of`fer*ing (?). (Jewish Antiq.) An offering or oblation heaved up or elevated before the altar, as the shoulder of the peace offering. See Wave offering. <-- sic!? --> Ex. xxix. 27.

Heaver

Heav"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, heaves or lifts; a laborer employed on docks in handling freight; as, a coal heaver.

2. (Naut.) A bar used as a lever. Totten.

Heaves

Heaves (?), n. A disease of horses, characterized by difficult breathing, with heaving of the flank, wheezing, flatulency, and a peculiar cough; broken wind.

Heavily

Heav"i*ly (?), adv. [From 2d Heavy.]

1. In a heavy manner; with great weight; as, to bear heavily on a thing; to be heavily loaded.

Heavily interested in those schemes of emigration. The Century.

2. As if burdened with a great weight; slowly and laboriously; with difficulty; hence, in a slow, difficult, or suffering manner; sorrowfully.

And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them heavily. Ex. xiv. 25.
Why looks your grace so heavily to-day? Shak.

Heaviness

Heav"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being heavy in its various senses; weight; sadness; sluggishness; oppression; thickness.

Heaving

Heav"ing (?), n. A lifting or rising; a swell; a panting or deep sighing. Addison. Shak.

Heavisome

Heav"i*some (?), a. Heavy; dull. [Prov.]

Heavy

Heav"y (?), a. Having the heaves.

Heavy

Heav"y (?), a. [Compar. Heavier (?); superl. Heaviest.] [OE. hevi, AS. hefig, fr. hebban to lift, heave; akin to OHG. hebig, hevig, Icel. h\'94figr, h\'94fugr. See Heave.]

1. Heaved or lifted with labor; not light; weighty; ponderous; as, a heavy stone; hence, sometimes, large in extent, quantity, or effects; as, a heavy fall of rain or snow; a heavy failure; heavy business transactions, etc.; often implying strength; as, a heavy barrier; also, difficult to move; as, a heavy draught.

2. Not easy to bear; burdensome; oppressive; hard to endure or accomplish; hence, grievous, afflictive; as, heavy yokes, expenses, undertakings, trials, news, etc.

The hand of the Lord was heavy upon them of Ashdod. 1 Sam. v. 6.
The king himself hath a heavy reckoning to make. Shak.
Sent hither to impart the heavy news. Wordsworth.
Trust him not in matter of heavy consequence. Shak.

3. Laden with that which is weighty; encumbered; burdened; bowed down, either with an actual burden, or with care, grief, pain, disappointment.

The heavy [sorrowing] nobles all in council were. Chapman.
A light wife doth make a heavy husband. Shak.

4. Slow; sluggish; inactive; or lifeless, dull, inanimate, stupid; as, a heavy gait, looks, manners, style, and the like; a heavy writer or book.

Whilst the heavy plowman snores. Shak.
Of a heavy, dull, degenerate mind. Dryden.
Neither [is] his ear heavy, that it can not hear. Is. lix. 1.

5. Strong; violent; forcible; as, a heavy sea, storm, cannonade, and the like.

6. Loud; deep; -- said of sound; as, heavy thunder.

But, hark! that heavy sound breaks in once more. Byron.

7. Dark with clouds, or ready to rain; gloomy; -- said of the sky.

8. Impeding motion; cloggy; clayey; -- said of earth; as, a heavy road, soil, and the like.

9. Not raised or made light; as, heavy bread.

10. Not agreeable to, or suitable for, the stomach; not easily digested; -- said of food.

11. Having much body or strength; -- said of wines, or other liquors.

12. With child; pregnant. [R.] Heavy artillery. (Mil.) (a) Guns of great weight or large caliber, esp. siege, garrison, and seacoast guns. (b) Troops which serve heavy guns. -- Heavy cavalry. See under Cavalry. -- Heavy fire (Mil.), a continuous or destructive cannonading, or discharge of small arms. -- Heavy metal (Mil.), large guns carrying balls of a large size; also, large balls for such guns.<-- a type of rock music (1970's), with a hard beat, amplified electronically --> -- Heavy metals. (Chem.) See under Metal. -- Heavy weight, in wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to the heaviest of the classes into which contestants are divided. Cf. Feather weight (c), under Feather. &hand; Heavy is used in composition to form many words which need no special explanation; as, heavy-built, heavy-browed, heavy-gaited, etc.

Heavy

Heav"y, adv. Heavily; -- sometimes used in composition; as, heavy-laden.

Heavy

Heav"y, v. t. To make heavy. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Heavy-armed

Heav"y-armed` (?), a. (Mil.) Wearing heavy or complete armor; carrying heavy arms.

Heavy-haded

Heav"y-had"ed (?), a. Clumsy; awkward.

Heavy-headed

Heav"y-head"ed (?), a. Dull; stupid. "Gross heavy-headed fellows." Beau. & Fl.

Heavy spar

Heav"y spar` (?). (Min.) Native barium sulphate or barite, -- so called because of its high specific gravity as compared with other non-metallic minerals.

Hebdomad

Heb"do*mad (?), n. [L. hebdomas, -adis, Gr. "ebdoma`s the number seven days, fr. Seven.] A week; a period of seven days. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Hebdomadal, Hebdomadary

Heb*dom"a*dal (?), Heb*dom"a*da*ry (?), a. [L. hebdomadalis, LL. hebdomadarius: cf. F. hebdomadaire.] Consisting of seven days, or occurring at intervals of seven days; weekly.

Hebdomadally

Heb*dom"a*dal*ly (?), adv. In periods of seven days; weekly. Lowell.

Hebdomadary

Heb*dom"a*da*ry (?), n. [LL. hebdomadarius: cf. F. hebdomadier.] (R. C. Ch.) A member of a chapter or convent, whose week it is to officiate in the choir, and perform other services, which, on extraordinary occasions, are performed by the superiors.

Hebdomatical

Heb`do*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. hebdomaticus, Gr. Weekly; hebdomadal. [Obs.]

Hebe

He"be (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. "h`bh youth, "H`bh Hebe.]

1. (Class. Myth.) The goddess of youth, daughter of Jupiter and Juno. She was believed to have the power of restoring youth and beauty to those who had lost them.

2. (Zo\'94l.) An African ape; the hamadryas.

Heben

Heb"en (?), n. Ebony. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hebenon

Heb"e*non (?), n. See Henbane. [Obs.] Shak.

Hebetate

Heb"e*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hebetated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hebetating.] [L. hebetatus, p. p. of hebetare to dull. See Hebete.] To render obtuse; to dull; to blunt; to stupefy; as, to hebetate the intellectual faculties. Southey

Hebetate

Heb"e*tate (?), a.

1. Obtuse; dull.

2. (Bot.) Having a dull or blunt and soft point. Gray.

Hebetation

Heb`e*ta"tion (?), n. [L. hebetatio: cf. F. h\'82b\'82tation.]

1. The act of making blunt, dull, or stupid.

2. The state of being blunted or dulled.

Hebete

He*bete" (?), a. [L. hebes, hebetis, dull, stupid, fr. hebere to be dull.] Dull; stupid. [Obs.]

Hebetude

Heb"e*tude (?), n. [L. hebetudo.] Dullness; stupidity. Harvey.

Hebraic

He"bra"ic (?), a. [L. Hebraicus, Gr. hebra\'8bque. See Hebrew.] Of or pertaining to the Hebrews, or to the language of the Hebrews.

Hebraically

He*bra"ic*al*ly (?), adv. After the manner of the Hebrews or of the Hebrew language.

Hebraism

He"bra*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. h\'82bra\'8bsme.]

1. A Hebrew idiom or custom; a peculiar expression or manner of speaking in the Hebrew language. Addison.

2. The type of character of the Hebrews.

The governing idea of Hebraism is strictness of conscience. M. Arnold.

Hebraist

He"bra*ist, n. [Cf. F. h\'82bra\'8bste.] One versed in the Hebrew language and learning.

Hebraistic

He`bra*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the Hebrew language or idiom.

Hebraistically

He`bra*is"tic*al*ly (?), adv. In a Hebraistic sense or form.
Which is Hebraistically used in the New Testament. Kitto.

Hebraize

He"bra*ize (?), v. t. [Gr. h\'82bra\'8bser.] To convert into the Hebrew idiom; to make Hebrew or Hebraistic. J. R. Smith.

Hebraize

He"bra*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hebraized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hebraizing.] To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the Hebrew idiom, or to Hebrew customs.

Hebrew

He"brew (?), n. [F. H\'82breu, L. Hebraeus, Gr. 'ibhr\'c6.]

1. An appellative of Abraham or of one of his descendants, esp. in the line of Jacob; an Israelite; a Jew.

There came one that had escaped and told Abram the Hebrew. Gen. xiv. 13.

2. The language of the Hebrews; -- one of the Semitic family of languages.

Hebrew

He"brew, a. Of or pertaining to the Hebrews; as, the Hebrew language or rites.

Hebrewess

He"brew*ess, n. An Israelitish woman.

Hebrician

He*bri"cian (?), n. A Hebraist. [R.]

Hebridean, Hebridian

He*brid"e*an (?), He*brid"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the islands called Hebrides, west of Scotland. -- n. A native or inhabitant of the Hebrides.

Hecatomb

Hec"a*tomb (?), n. [L. hecatombe, Gr. h\'82catombe.] (Antiq.) A sacrifice of a hundred oxen or cattle at the same time; hence, the sacrifice or slaughter of any large number of victims.
Slaughtered hecatombs around them bleed. Addison.
More than a human hecatomb. Byron.

Hecatompedon

Hec`a*tom"pe*don (?), n. [Gr. (Arch.) A name given to the old Parthenon at Athens, because measuring 100 Greek feet, probably in the width across the stylobate.

Hecdecane

Hec"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A white, semisolid, spermaceti-like hydrocarbon, C16H34, of the paraffin series, found dissolved as an important ingredient of kerosene, and so called because each molecule has sixteen atoms of carbon; -- called also hexadecane.

Heck

Heck (?), n. [See Hatch a half door.] [Written also hack.]

1. The bolt or latch of a door. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A rack for cattle to feed at. [Prov. Eng.]

3. A door, especially one partly of latticework; -- called also heck door. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

4. A latticework contrivance for catching fish.

5. (Weaving) An apparatus for separating the threads of warps into sets, as they are wound upon the reel from the bobbins, in a warping machine.

6. A bend or winding of a stream. [Prov. Eng.] Half heck, the lower half of a door. -- Heck board, the loose board at the bottom or back of a cart. -- Heck box ∨ frame, that which carries the heck in warping.

Heckimal

Heck"i*mal (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European blue titmouse (Parus c\'d2ruleus). [Written also heckimel, hackeymal, hackmall, hagmall, and hickmall.]

Heckle

Hec"kle (?), n. & v. t. Same as Hackle.

Hectare

Hec"tare` (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. are an are.] A measure of area, or superficies, containing a hundred ares, or 10,000 square meters, and equivalent to 2.471 acres.

Hectic

Hec"tic (?), a. [F. hectique, Gr. sah to overpower, endure; cf. AS. sige, sigor, victory, G. sieg, Goth. sigis. Cf. Scheme.]

1. Habitual; constitutional; pertaining especially to slow waste of animal tissue, as in consumption; as, a hectic type in disease; a hectic flush.

2. In a hectic condition; having hectic fever; consumptive; as, a hectic patient. Hectic fever (Med.), a fever of irritation and debility, occurring usually at a advanced stage of exhausting disease, as a in pulmonary consumption.

Hectic

Hec"tic, n.

1. (Med.) Hectic fever.

2. A hectic flush.

It is no living hue, but a strange hectic. Byron.

Page 681

Hectocotylized

Hec`to*cot"y*lized (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Changed into a hectocotylus; having a hectocotylis.

Hectocotylus

Hec`to*cot"y*lus (?), n.; pl. Hectocotyli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the arms of the male of most kinds of cephalopods, which is specially modified in various ways to effect the fertilization of the eggs. In a special sense, the greatly modified arm of Argonauta and allied genera, which, after receiving the spermatophores, becomes detached from the male, and attaches itself to the female for reproductive purposes.

Hectogram

Hec"to*gram (?), n. [F. hectogramme, fr. Gr. gramme a gram.] A measure of weight, containing a hundred grams, or about 3.527 ounces avoirdupois.

Hectogramme

Hec"to*gramme (?), n. [F.] The same as Hectogram.

Hectograph

Hec"to*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] A contrivance for multiple copying, by means of a surface of gelatin softened with glycerin. [Written also hectograph.]

Hectoliter, Hectolitre

Hec"to*li`ter, Hec"to*li`tre (?), n. [F. hectolitre, fr. Gr. litre a liter.] A measure of liquids, containing a hundred liters; equal to a tenth of a cubic meter, nearly 26

Hectometer, Hectometre

Hec"to*me`ter, Hec"to*me`tre (?), n. [F. hectom\'8atre, fr. Gr. m\'8atre a meter.] A measure of length, equal to a hundred meters. It is equivalent to 328.09 feet.

Hector

Hec"tor (?), n. [From the Trojan warrior Hector, the son of Priam.] A bully; a blustering, turbulent, insolent, fellow; one who vexes or provokes.

Hector

Hec"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hectored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hectoring.] To treat with insolence; to threaten; to bully; hence, to torment by words; to tease; to taunt; to worry or irritate by bullying. Dryden.

Hector

Hec"tor, v. i. To play the bully; to bluster; to be turbulent or insolent. Swift.

Hectorism

Hec"to*rism (?), n. The disposition or the practice of a hector; a bullying. [R.]

Hectorly

Hec"tor*ly, a. Resembling a hector; blustering; insolent; taunting. "Hectorly, ruffianlike swaggering or huffing." Barrow.

Hectostere

Hec"to*stere (?), n. [F. hectost\'8are; Gr. st\'8are.] A measure of solidity, containing one hundred cubic meters, and equivalent to 3531.66 English or 3531.05 United States cubic feet.

Heddle

Hed"dle (?), n.; pl. Heddles (#). [Cf. Heald.] (Weaving) One of the sets of parallel doubled threads which, with mounting, compose the harness employed to guide the warp threads to the lathe or batten in a loom.

Heddle

Hed"dle, v. t. To draw (the warp thread) through the heddle-eyes, in weaving.

Heddle-eye

Hed"dle-eye` (?), n. (Weaving) The eye or loop formed in each heddle to receive a warp thread.

Heddling

Hed"dling (?), vb. n. The act of drawing the warp threads through the heddle-eyes of a weaver's harness; the harness itself. Knight.

Hederaceous

Hed`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L. hederaceus, fr. hedera ivy.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, ivy.

Hederal

Hed"er*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ivy.

Hederic

He*der"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, the ivy (Hedera); as, hederic acid, an acid of the acetylene series.

Hederiferous

Hed`er*if"er*ous (?), a. [L. hedera ivy + -ferous.] Producing ivy; ivy-bearing.

Hederose

Hed"er*ose` (?), a. [L. hederosus, fr. hedera ivy.] Pertaining to, or of, ivy; full of ivy.

Hedge

Hedge (?), n. [OE. hegge, AS. hecg; akin to haga an inclosure, E. haw, AS. hege hedge, E. haybote, D. hegge, OHG. hegga, G. hecke. &root;12. See Haw a hedge.] A thicket of bushes, usually thorn bushes; especially, such a thicket planted as a fence between any two portions of land; and also any sort of shrubbery, as evergreens, planted in a line or as a fence; particularly, such a thicket planted round a field to fence it, or in rows to separate the parts of a garden.
The roughest berry on the rudest hedge. Shak.
Through the verdant maze Of sweetbrier hedges I pursue my walk. Thomson.
&hand; Hedge, when used adjectively or in composition, often means rustic, outlandish, illiterate, poor, or mean; as, hedge priest; hedgeborn, etc. Hedge bells, Hedge bindweed (Bot.), a climbing plant related to the morning-glory (Convolvulus sepium). -- Hedge bill, a long-handled billhook. -- Hedge garlic (Bot.), a plant of the genus Alliaria. See Garlic mustard, under Garlic. -- Hedge hyssop (Bot.), a bitter herb of the genus Gratiola, the leaves of which are emetic and purgative. -- Hedge marriage, a secret or clandestine marriage, especially one performed by a hedge priest. [Eng.] -- Hedge mustard (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sisymbrium, belonging to the Mustard family. -- Hedge nettle (Bot.), an herb, or under shrub, of the genus Stachys, belonging to the Mint family. It has a nettlelike appearance, though quite harmless. -- Hedge note. (a) The note of a hedge bird. (b) Low, contemptible writing. [Obs.] Dryden. -- Hedge priest, a poor, illiterate priest. Shak. -- Hedge school, an open-air school in the shelter of a hedge, in Ireland; a school for rustics. -- Hedge sparrow (Zo\'94l.), a European warbler (Accentor modularis) which frequents hedges. Its color is reddish brown, and ash; the wing coverts are tipped with white. Called also chanter, hedge warbler, dunnock, and doney. -- Hedge writer, an insignificant writer, or a writer of low, scurrilous stuff. [Obs.] Swift. -- To breast up a hedge. See under Breast. -- To hang in the hedge, to be at a standstill. "While the business of money hangs in the hedge." Pepys.

Hedge

Hedge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hedged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hedging.]

1. To inclose or separate with a hedge; to fence with a thickly set line or thicket of shrubs or small trees; as, to hedge a field or garden.

2. To obstruct, as a road, with a barrier; to hinder from progress or success; -- sometimes with up and out.

I will hedge up thy way with thorns. Hos. ii. 6.
Lollius Urbius . . . drew another wall . . . to hedge out incursions from the north. Milton.

3. To surround for defense; to guard; to protect; to hem (in). "England, hedged in with the main." Shak.

4. To surround so as to prevent escape.

That is a law to hedge in the cuckoo. Locke.
To hedge a bet, to bet upon both sides; that is, after having bet on one side, to bet also on the other, thus guarding against loss.

Hedge

Hedge, v. i.

1. To shelter one's self from danger, risk, duty, responsibility, etc., as if by hiding in or behind a hedge; to skulk; to slink; to shirk obligations.

I myself sometimes, leaving the fear of God on the left hand and hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to shuffle, to hedge and to lurch. Shak.

2. (Betting) To reduce the risk of a wager by making a bet against the side or chance one has bet on.

3. To use reservations and qualifications in one's speech so as to avoid committing one's self to anything definite.

The Heroic Stanzas read much more like an elaborate attempt to hedge between the parties than . . . to gain favor from the Roundheads. Saintsbury.

Hedgeborn

Hedge"born` (?), a. Born under a hedge; of low birth. Shak.

Hedgebote

Hedge"bote` (?), n. (Eng. Law) Same as Haybote.

Hedgehog

Hedge"hog` (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A small European insectivore (Erinaceus Europ\'91us), and other allied species of Asia and Africa, having the hair on the upper part of its body mixed with prickles or spines. It is able to roll itself into a ball so as to present the spines outwardly in every direction. It is nocturnal in its habits, feeding chiefly upon insects.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The Canadian porcupine.[U.S]

3. (Bot.) A species of Medicago (M. intertexta), the pods of which are armed with short spines; -- popularly so called. Loudon.

4. A form of dredging machine. Knight. Hedgehog caterpillar (Zo\'94l.), the hairy larv\'91 of several species of bombycid moths, as of the Isabella moth. It curls up like a hedgehog when disturbed. See Woolly bear, and Isabella moth. -- Hedgehog fish (Zo\'94l.), any spinose plectognath fish, esp. of the genus Diodon; the porcupine fish. -- Hedgehog grass (Bot.), a grass with spiny involucres, growing on sandy shores; burgrass (Cenchrus tribuloides). -- Hedgehog rat (Zo\'94l.), one of several West Indian rodents, allied to the porcupines, but with ratlike tails, and few quills, or only stiff bristles. The hedgehog rats belong to Capromys, Plagiodon, and allied genera. -- Hedgehog shell (Zo\'94l.), any spinose, marine, univalve shell of the genus Murex. -- Hedgehog thistle (Bot.), a plant of the Cactus family, globular in form, and covered with spines (Echinocactus). -- Sea hedgehog. See Diodon.

Hedgeless

Hedge"less, a. Having no hedge.

Hedgepig

Hedge"pig` (?), n. A young hedgehog. Shak.

Hedger

Hedg"er (?), n. One who makes or mends hedges; also, one who hedges, as, in betting.

Hedgerow

Hedge"row` (?), n. A row of shrubs, or trees, planted for inclosure or separation of fields.
By hedgerow elms and hillocks green. Milton.

Hedging bill

Hedg"ing bill` (?). A hedge bill. See under Hedge.

Hedonic

He*don"ic (?), a. [Gr.

1. Pertaining to pleasure.

2. Of or relating to Hedonism or the Hedonic sect.

Hedonistic

Hed`o*nis"tic (?), a. Same as Hedonic, 2.

Heed

Heed (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Heeding.] [OE. heden, AS. h; akin to OS. hdian, D. hoeden, Fries. hoda, OHG. huoten, G. h\'81ten, Dan. hytte.Hood.] To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe.
With pleasure Argus the musician heeds. Dryden.
Syn. -- To notice; regard; mind. See Attend, v. t.

Heed

Heed, v. i. To mind; to consider.

Heed

Heed, n.

1. Attention; notice; observation; regard; -- often with give or take.

With wanton heed and giddy cunning. Milton.
Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand. 2 Sam. xx. 10.
Birds give more heed and mark words more than beasts. Bacon.

2. Careful consideration; obedient regard.

Therefore we ought to give the more earnest heed to the things which we have heard. Heb. ii. 1.

3. A look or expression of heading. [R.]

He did it with a serious mind; a heed Was in his countenance. Shak.

Heedful

Heed"ful (?), a. Full of heed; regarding with care; cautious; circumspect; attentive; vigilant. Shak. -- Heed"ful*ly, adv. -- Heed"ful*ness, n.

Heedless

Heed"less, a. Without heed or care; inattentive; careless; thoughtless; unobservant.
O, negligent and heedless discipline! Shak.
The heedless lover does not know Whose eyes they are that wound him so. Waller.
-- Heed"less*ly, adv. -- Heed"less*ness, n.

Heedy

Heed"y (?), a. Heedful. [Obs.] "Heedy shepherds." Spenser. -- Heed"i*ly (#), adv. [Obs.] -- Heed"i*ness, n. [Obs.] Spenser.

Heel

Heel (?), v. i. [OE. helden to lean, incline, AS. heldan, hyldan; akin to Icel. halla, Dan. helde, Sw. h\'84lla to tilt, pour, and perh. to E. hill.] (Naut.) To lean or tip to one side, as a ship; as, the ship heels aport; the boat heeled over when the squall struck it. Heeling error (Naut.), a deviation of the compass caused by the heeling of an iron vessel to one side or the other.

Heel

Heel, n. [OE. hele, heele, AS. h&emac;la, perh. for h&omac;hila, fr. AS. h&emac;h heel (cf. Hough); but cf. D. hiel, OFries. heila, h, Icel. h\'91ll, Dan. h\'91l, Sw. h\'84l, and L. calx. &root;12. Cf. Inculcate.]

1. The hinder part of the foot; sometimes, the whole foot; -- in man or quadrupeds.

He [the stag] calls to mind his strength and then his speed, His winged heels and then his armed head. Denham.

2. The hinder part of any covering for the foot, as of a shoe, sock, etc.; specif., a solid part projecting downward from the hinder part of the sole of a boot or shoe.

3. The latter or remaining part of anything; the closing or concluding part. "The heel of a hunt." A. Trollope. "The heel of the white loaf." Sir W. Scott.

4. Anything regarded as like a human heel in shape; a protuberance; a knob.

5. The part of a thing corresponding in position to the human heel; the lower part, or part on which a thing rests; especially: (a) (Naut.) The after end of a ship's keel. (b) (Naut.) The lower end of a mast, a boom, the bowsprit, the sternpost, etc. (c) (Mil.) In a small arm, the corner of the but which is upwards in the firing position. (d) (Mil.) The uppermost part of the blade of a sword, next to the hilt. (e) The part of any tool next the tang or handle; as, the heel of a scythe.

6. (Man.) Management by the heel, especially the spurred heel; as, the horse understands the heel well.

7. (Arch.) (a) The lower end of a timber in a frame, as a post or rafter. In the United States, specif., the obtuse angle of the lower end of a rafter set sloping. (b) A cyma reversa; -- so called by workmen. Gwilt. Heel chain (Naut.), a chain passing from the bowsprit cap around the heel of the jib boom. -- Heel plate, the butt plate of a gun. -- Heel of a rafter. (Arch.) See Heel, n., 7. -- Heel ring, a ring for fastening a scythe blade to the snath. -- Neck and heels, the whole body. (Colloq.) -- To be at the heels of, to pursue closely; to follow hard: as, hungry want is at my heels. Otway. -- To be down at the heel, to be slovenly or in a poor plight. -- To be out at the heels, to have on stockings that are worn out; hence, to be shabby, or in a poor plight. Shak. -- To cool the heels. See under Cool. -- To go heels over head, to turn over so as to bring the heels uppermost; hence, to move in a inconsiderate, or rash, manner. -- To have the heels of, to outrun. -- To lay by the heels, to fetter; to shackle; to imprison. Shak. Addison. -- To show the heels, to flee; to run from. -- To take to the heels, to flee; to betake to flight. -- To throw up another's heels, to trip him. Bunyan. -- To tread upon one's heels, to follow closely. Shak.

Heel

Heel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heeling.]

1. To perform by the use of the heels, as in dancing, running, and the like. [R.]

I cannot sing, Nor heel the high lavolt. Shak.

2. To add a heel to; as, to heel a shoe.

3. To arm with a gaff, as a cock for fighting.

Heelball

Heel"ball` (?), n. A composition of wax and lampblack, used by shoemakers for polishing, and by antiquaries in copying inscriptions.

Heeler

Heel"er (?), n.

1. A cock that strikes well with his heels or spurs.

2. A dependent and subservient hanger-on of a political patron. [Political Cant, U. S.]

The army of hungry heelers who do their bidding. The Century.

Heelless

Heel"less, a. Without a heel.

Heelpiece

Heel"piece` (?), n.

1. A piece of armor to protect the heels. Chesterfield.

2. A piece of leather fixed on the heel of a shoe.

3. The end. "The heelpiece of his book." Lloyd.

Heelpost

Heel"post` (?), n.

1. (Naut.) The post supporting the outer end of a propeller shaft.

2. (Carp.) The post to which a gate or door is hinged.

3. (Engineering) The quoin post of a lock gate.

Heelspur

Heel"spur` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A slender bony or cartilaginous process developed from the heel bone of bats. It helps to support the wing membranes. See Illust. of Cheiropter.

Heeltap

Heel"tap` (?), n.

1. One of the segments of leather in the heel of a shoe.

2. A small portion of liquor left in a glass after drinking. "Bumpers around and no heeltaps." Sheridan.

Heeltap

Heel"tap`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeltapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Heeltapping.] To add a piece of leather to the heel of (a shoe, boot, etc.)

Heeltool

Heel"tool` (?), n. A tool used by turners in metal, having a bend forming a heel near the cutting end.

Heep

Heep (?), n. The hip of the dog-rose. [Obs.]

Heer

Heer (?), n.[Etymol. uncertain.] A yarn measure of six hundred yards or Spindle.

Heer

Heer, n. [See Hair.] Hair. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Page 682

Heft

Heft (?), n. Same as Haft, n. [Obs.] Waller.

Heft

Heft, n. [From Heave: cf. hefe weight. Cf. Haft.]

1. The act or effort of heaving [Obs.]

He craks his gorge, his sides, With violent hefts. Shak.

2. Weight; ponderousness. [Colloq.]

A man of his age and heft. T. Hughes.

3. The greater part or bulk of anything; as, the heft of the crop was spoiled. [Colloq. U. S.] J. Pickering.

Heft

Heft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hefted (Heft, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Hefting.]

1. To heave up; to raise aloft.

Inflamed with wrath, his raging blade he heft. Spenser.

2. To prove or try the weight of by raising. [Colloq.]

Hefty

Heft"y, a. Moderately heavy. [Colloq. U. S.]

Hegelian

He*ge"li*an (?; 106), a. Pertaining to Hegelianism. -- n. A follower of Hegel.

Hegelianism, Hegelism

He*ge"li*an*ism (?), He"gel*ism (?), n. The system of logic and philosophy set forth by Hegel, a German writer (1770-1831).

Hegemonic, Hegemonical

Heg`e*mon"ic (?), Heg`e*mon"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Hegemony.] Leading; controlling; ruling; predominant. "Princelike and hegemonical." Fotherby.

Hegemony

He*gem`o*ny (?), n. [Gr. Leadership; preponderant influence or authority; -- usually applied to the relation of a government or state to its neighbors or confederates. Lieber.

Hegge

Heg"ge (?), n. A hedge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hegira

He*gi"ra (?; 277), n. [Written also hejira.] [Ar. hijrah flight.] The flight of Mohammed from Mecca, September 13, A. D. 622 (subsequently established as the first year of the Moslem era); hence, any flight or exodus regarded as like that of Mohammed. &hand; The starting point of the Era was made to begin, not from the date of the flight, but from the first day of the Arabic year, which corresponds to July 16, A. D. 622.

Heifer

Heif"er (?), n. [OE. hayfare, AS. he\'a0hfore, he\'a0fore; the second part of this word seems akin to AS. fearr bull, ox; akin to OHG. farro, G. farre, D. vaars, heifer, G. f\'84rse, and perh. to Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A young cow.

Heigh-ho

Heigh"-ho (h&imac;"-h&omac;), interj. An exclamation of surprise, joy, dejection, uneasiness, weariness, etc. Shak.

Height

Height (?), n. [Written also hight.] [OE. heighte, heght, heighthe, AS. he\'a0h, fr. heah high; akin to D. hoogte, Sw. h\'94jd, Dan. h\'94ide, Icel. h\'91, Goth. hauhipa. See High.]

1. The condition of being high; elevated position.

Behold the height of the stars, how high they are! Job xxii. 12.

2. The distance to which anything rises above its foot, above that on which in stands, above the earth, or above the level of the sea; altitude; the measure upward from a surface, as the floor or the ground, of animal, especially of a man; stature. Bacon.

[Goliath's] height was six cubits and a span. 1 Sam. xvii. 4.

3. Degree of latitude either north or south. [Obs.]

Guinea lieth to the north sea, in the same height as Peru to the south. Abp. Abbot.

4. That which is elevated; an eminence; a hill or mountain; as, Alpine heights. Dryden.

5. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts; also, an advanced degree of social rank; pre\'89minence or distinction in society; prominence.

Measure your mind's height by the shade it casts. R. Browning.
All would in his power hold, all make his subjects. Chapman.

6. Progress toward eminence; grade; degree.

Social duties are carried to greater heights, and enforced with stronger motives by the principles of our religion. Addison.

7. Utmost degree in extent; extreme limit of energy or condition; as, the height of a fever, of passion, of madness, of folly; the height of a tempest.

My grief was at the height before thou camest. Shak.
On height, aloud. [Obs.]
[He] spake these same words, all on hight. Chaucer.

Heighten

Height"en (h&imac;t"'n), v. t. [Written also highten.] [imp. & p. p. Heightened (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Heightening.]

1. To make high; to raise higher; to elevate.

2. To carry forward; to advance; to increase; to augment; to aggravate; to intensify; to render more conspicuous; -- used of things, good or bad; as, to heighten beauty; to heighten a flavor or a tint. "To heighten our confusion." Addison.

An aspect of mystery which was easily heightened to the miraculous. Hawthorne.

Heightener

Height"en*er (?), n. [Written also hightener.] One who, or that which, heightens.

Heinous

Hei"nous (?), a. [OF. ha\'8bnos hateful, F. haineux, fr. OF. ha\'8bne hate, F. haine, fr. ha\'8br to hate; of German origin. See Hate.] Hateful; hatefully bad; flagrant; odious; atrocious; giving great great offense; -- applied to deeds or to character.
It were most heinous and accursed sacrilege. Hooker.
How heinous had the fact been, how deserving Contempt! Milton.
Syn. -- Monstrous; flagrant; flagitious; atrocious. -- Hei"nous*ly, adv. -- Hei"nous*ness, n.

Heir

Heir (?), n. [OE. heir, eir, hair, OF. heir, eir, F. hoir, L. heres; of uncertain origin. Cf. Hereditary, Heritage.]

1. One who inherits, or is entitled to succeed to the possession of, any property after the death of its owner; one on whom the law bestows the title or property of another at the death of the latter.

I am my father's heir and only son. Shak.

2. One who receives any endowment from an ancestor or relation; as, the heir of one's reputation or virtues.

And I his heir in misery alone. Pope.
Heir apparent. (Law.) See under Apparent. -- Heir at law, one who, after his ancector's death, has a right to inherit all his intestate estate. Wharton (Law Dict.). -- Heir presumptive, one who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would be his heir, but whose right to the inheritance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer relative, or by some other contingency.

Heir

Heir (?), v. t. To inherit; to succeed to. [R.]
One only daughter heired the royal state. Dryden.

Heirdom

Heir"dom (?), n. The state of an heir; succession by inheritance. Burke.

Heiress

Heir"ess, n, A female heir.

Heirless

Heir"less a. Destitute of an heir. Shak.

Heirloom

Heir"loom` (?), n. [Heir + loom, in its earlier sense of implement, tool. See Loom the frame.] Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel, which by law or special custom descends to the heir along with the inheritance; any piece of personal property that has been in a family for several generations.
Woe to him whose daring hand profanes The honored heirlooms of his ancestors. Moir.

Heirship

Heir"ship (?), n. The state, character, or privileges of an heir; right of inheriting. Heirship movables, certain kinds of movables which the heir is entitled to take, besides the heritable estate. [Scot.]

Hejira

He*ji"ra (?), n. See Hegira.

Hektare, Hektogram, Hektoliter, ∧ Hektometer

Hek"tare`, Hek"to*gram, Hek"to*li`ter, ∧ Hek"to*me`ter
, n. Same as Hectare, Hectogram, Hectoliter, and Hectometer.

Hektograph

Hek"to*graph (?), n. See Hectograph.

Helamys

Hel*a*mys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Jumping hare, under Hare.

Helcoplasty

Hel"co*plas`ty (?), n. [Gr. -plasty.] (Med.) The act or process of repairing lesions made by ulcers, especially by a plastic operation.

Held

Held (?), imp. & p. p. of Hold.

Hele

Hele (?), n. [See Heal, n.] Health; welfare. [Obs.] "In joy and perfyt hele." Chaucer.

Hele

Hele, v. t. [AS. helan, akin to D. helen, OHG. helan, G. hehlen, L. celare. &root;17. See Hell, and cf. Conceal.] To hide; to cover; to roof. [Obs.]
Hide and hele things. Chaucer.

Helena

Hel"e*na (?), n. [L.: cf. Sp. helena.] See St. Elmo's fire, under Saint.

Helenin

Hel"e*nin (?), n. (Chem.) A neutral organic substance found in the root of the elecampane (Inula helenium), and extracted as a white crystalline or oily material, with a slightly bitter taste. <-- used to induce interferon -- contains RNA -->

Heliac

He"li*ac (?), a. Heliacal.

Heliacal

He*li"a*cal (?), a. [Gr. h\'82liaque.] (Astron.) Emerging from the light of the sun, or passing into it; rising or setting at the same, or nearly the same, time as the sun. Sir T. Browne. &hand; The heliacal rising of a star is when, after being in conjunction with the sun, and invisible, it emerges from the light so as to be visible in the morning before sunrising. On the contrary, the heliacal setting of a star is when the sun approaches conjunction so near as to render the star invisible.

Heliacally

He*li"a*cal*ly, adv. In a heliacal manner. De Quincey.

Helianthin

He`li*an"thin (?), n. [Prob. fr. L. helianthes, or NL. helianthus, sunflower, in allusion to its color.] (Chem.) An artificial, orange dyestuff, analogous to tropaolin, and like it used as an indicator in alkalimetry; -- called also methyl orange.

Helianthoid

He`li*an"thoid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Helianthoidea.

Helianthoidea

He`li*an"thoi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. helianthes sunflower + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Anthozoa; the Actinaria.

Helical

Hel"i*cal (?), a. [From Helix.] Of or pertaining to, or in the form of, a helix; spiral; as, a helical staircase; a helical spring. -- Hel"i*cal*ly, adv.

Helichrysum

Hel`i*chry"sum (, n. [L., the marigold, fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of composite plants, with shining, commonly white or yellow, or sometimes reddish, radiated involucres, which are often called "everlasting flowers."

Heliciform

He*lic"i*form (?), a. [Helix + -form.] Having the form of a helix; spiral.

Helicin

Hel"i*cin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside obtained as a white crystalline substance by partial oxidation of salicin, from a willow (Salix Helix of Linn\'91us.)

Helicine

Hel"i*cine (?), a. (Anat.) Curled; spiral; helicoid; -- applied esp. to certain arteries of the penis.

Hellicograph

Hel"li*co*graph` (?), n. [Helix + -graph.] An instrument for drawing spiral lines on a plane.

Helicoid

Hel"i*coid (?), a. [Gr. h\'82lico\'8bde. See Helix.]

1. Spiral; curved, like the spire of a univalve shell.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Shaped like a snail shell; pertaining to the Helicid\'91, or Snail family. Helicoid parabola (Math.), the parabolic spiral.

Helicoid

Hel"i*coid, n. (Geom.) A warped surface which may be generated by a straight line moving in such a manner that every point of the line shall have a uniform motion in the direction of another fixed straight line, and at the same time a uniform angular motion about it.

Helicoidal

Hel`i*coid"al (?), a. Same as Helicoid. -- Hel`i*coid"al*ly, adv.

Helicon

Hel"i*con (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. A mountain in B\'d2otia, in Greece, supposed by the Greeks to be the residence of Apollo and the Muses.
From Helicon's harmonious springs A thousand rills their mazy progress take. Gray.

Heliconia

Hel`i*co"ni*a (?), n. [NL. See Helicon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species of Heliconius, a genus of tropical American butterflies. The wings are usually black, marked with green, crimson, and white.

Heliconian

Hel`i*co"ni*an (?), a. [L. Heliconius.]

1. Of or pertaining to Helicon. "Heliconian honey." Tennyson.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the butterflies of the genus Heliconius.

Helicotrema

Hel`i*co"tre"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The opening by which the two scal\'91 communicate at the top of the cochlea of the ear.

Helio-

He"li*o- (?). A combining form from Gr. "h`lios the sun.

Heliocentric, Heliocentrical

He`li*o*cen"tric (?), He`li*o*cen"tric"al (?), a. [Helio- + centric, centrical: cf. F. h\'82liocentrique.] (Astron.) pertaining to the sun's center, or appearing to be seen from it; having, or relating to, the sun as a center; -- opposed to geocentrical. Heliocentric parallax. See under Parallax. -- Heliocentric place, latitude, longitude, etc. (of a heavenly body), the direction, latitude, longitude, etc., of the body as viewed from the sun.

Heliochrome

He"li*o*chrome (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. A photograph in colors.<-- now, just color photograph --> R. Hunt.

Heliochromic

He`li*o*chro"mic (?), a. Pertaining to, or produced by, heliochromy.

Heliochromy

He"li*o*chro`my (?), n. The art of producing photographs in color.<-- color photography? -->

Heliograph

He"li*o*graph (?), n. [Helio- + -graph.]ets>

1. A picture taken by heliography; a photograph.

2. An instrument for taking photographs of the sun.

3. An apparatus for telegraphing by means of the sun's rays. See Heliotrope, 3.

Heliographic

He`li*o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to heliography or a heliograph; made by heliography. Heliographic chart. See under Chart.

Heliography

He`li*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Helio- + -graphy.] Photography. R. Hunt.

Heliogravure

He`li*o*grav"ure (?), n. [F. h\'82liogravure.] The process of photographic engraving.

Heliolater

He`li*ol"a*ter (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. A worshiper of the sun.

Heliolatry

He`li*ol"a*try (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. Sun worship. See Sabianism.

Heliolite

He"li*o*lite (?), n. [Helio- + -lite.] (Paleon.) A fossil coral of the genus Heliolites, having twelve-rayed cells. It is found in the Silurian rocks.

Heliometer

He`li*om"e*ter (?), n. [Helio- + -meter: cf. F. h\'82liom\'8atre.] (Astron.) An instrument devised originally for measuring the diameter of the sun; now employed for delicate measurements of the distance and relative direction of two stars too far apart to be easily measured in the field of view of an ordinary telescope.

Heliometric, Heliometrical

He`li*o*met"ric (?), He`li*o*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the heliometer, or to heliometry.

Heliometry

He`li*om"e*try (?), n. The apart or practice of measuring the diameters of heavenly bodies, their relative distances, etc. See Heliometer.

Heliopora

He`li*op"o*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian stony coral now known to belong to the Alcyonaria; -- called also blue coral.

Helioscope

He"li*o*scope (?), n. [Helio- + -scope: cf. F. h\'82lioscope.] (Astron.) A telescope or instrument for viewing the sun without injury to the eyes, as through colored glasses, or with mirrors which reflect but a small portion of light. -- He`li*o*scop`ic (#), a.

Heliostat

He"li*o*stat (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. h\'82liostate.] An instrument consisting of a mirror moved by clockwork, by which a sunbeam is made apparently stationary, by being steadily directed to one spot during the whole of its diurnal period; also, a geodetic heliotrope.

Heliotrope

He"li*o*trope (?), n. [F. h\'82liotrope, L. heliotropium, Gr. Heliacal, Trope.]

1. (Anc. Astron.) An instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at the tropics and equinoctial line.

2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Heliotropium; -- called also turnsole and girasole. H. Peruvianum is the commonly cultivated species with fragrant flowers.

3. (Geodesy & Signal Service) An instrument for making signals to an observer at a distance, by means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror.

4. (Min.) See Bloodstone (a). Heliotrope purple, a grayish purple color.

Heliotroper

He"li*o*tro`per (?), n. The person at a geodetic station who has charge of the heliotrope.

Heliotropic

He`li*o*trop"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Manifesting heliotropism; turning toward the sun.

Heliotropism

He`li*ot"ro*pism (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. (Bot.) The phenomenon of turning toward the light, seen in many leaves and flowers.

Heliotype

He"li*o*type (?), n. [Helio- + -type.] A picture obtained by the process of heliotypy.

Heliotypic

He`li*o*typ"ic (?), a. Relating to, or obtained by, heliotypy.

Heliotypy

He"li*o*ty`py (?), n. A method of transferring pictures from photographic negatives to hardened gelatin plates from which impressions are produced on paper as by lithography.

Heliozoa

He`li*o*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fresh-water rhizopods having a more or less globular form, with slender radiating pseudopodia; the sun animalcule.

Helispheric, Helispherical

Hel`i*spher"ic (?), Hel`i*spher"ic*al (
, a. [Helix + spheric, spherical.] Spiral. Helispherical line (Math.). the rhomb line in navigation. [R.]

Helium

He"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.) A gaseous element found in the atmospheres of the sun and earth and in some rare minerals.<-- Symbol He, atomic number 2. A noble (or rare) gas. -->
Page 683

Helix

He"lix (?), n.; pl. L. Helices (#), E. Helixes (#). [L. helix, Gr. volvere, and E. volute, voluble.]

1. (Geom.) A nonplane curve whose tangents are all equally inclined to a given plane. The common helix is the curve formed by the thread of the ordinary screw. It is distinguished from the spiral, all the convolutions of which are in the plane.

2. (Arch.) A caulicule or little volute under the abacus of the Corinthian capital.

3. (Anat.) The incurved margin or rim of the external ear. See Illust. of Ear.

4. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of land snails, including a large number of species. &hand; The genus originally included nearly all shells, but is now greatly restricted. See Snail, Pulmonifera.

Hell

Hell (?), n. [AS. hell; akin to D. hel, OHG. hella, G. h\'94lle, Icel. hal, Sw. helfvete, Dan. helvede, Goth. halja, and to AS. helan to conceal. Hele, v. t., Conceal, Cell, Helmet, Hole, Occult.]

1. The place of the dead, or of souls after death; the grave; -- called in Hebrew sheol, and by the Greeks hades.

He descended into hell. Book of Common Prayer.
Thou wilt not leave my soul in hell. Ps. xvi. 10.

2. The place or state of punishment for the wicked after death; the abode of evil spirits. Hence, any mental torment; anguish. "Within him hell." Milton.

It is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell. Shak.

3. A place where outcast persons or things are gathered; as: (a) A dungeon or prison; also, in certain running games, a place to which those who are caught are carried for detention. (b) A gambling house. "A convenient little gambling hell for those who had grown reckless." W. Black. (c) A place into which a tailor throws his shreds, or a printer his broken type. Hudibras. Gates of hell. (Script.) See Gate, n., 4.

Hell

Hell, v. t. To overwhelm. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hellanodic

Hel`la*nod"ic (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A judge or umpire in games or combats.

Hellbender

Hell"bend`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large North American aquatic salamander (Protonopsis horrida or Menopoma Alleghaniensis). It is very voracious and very tenacious of life. Also called alligator, and water dog.

Hellborn

Hell"born` (?), a. Born in or of hell. Shak.

Hellbred

Hell`bred` (?), a. Produced in hell. Spenser.

Hellbrewed

Hell"brewed` (?), a. Prepared in hell. Milton.

Hellbroth

Hell"broth` (?), n. A composition for infernal purposes; a magical preparation. Shak.

Hell-cat

Hell"-cat ` (?), n. A witch; a hag. Middleton.

Hell-diver

Hell`-div`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dabchick.

Helldoomed

Hell`doomed` (?), a. Doomed to hell. Milton.

Hellebore

Hel"le*bore (?), n. [L. helleborus, elleborus, Gr. hell\'82bore, ell\'82bore.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of perennial herbs (Helleborus) of the Crowfoot family, mostly having powerfully cathartic and even poisonous qualities. H. niger is the European black hellebore, or Christmas rose, blossoming in winter or earliest spring. H. officinalis was the officinal hellebore of the ancients.

2. (Bot.) Any plant of several species of the poisonous liliaceous genus Veratrum, especially V. album and V. viride, both called white hellebore.

Helleborein

Hel`le*bo"re*in (?), n. (Chem.) A poisonous glucoside accompanying helleborin in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a bittersweet taste. It has a strong action on the heart, resembling digitalin.

Helleborin

Hel*leb"o*rin (? ∨ ?), n. (Chem.) A poisonous glucoside found in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a sharp tingling taste. It possesses the essential virtues of the plant; -- called also elleborin.

Helleborism

Hel"le*bo*rism (?), n. The practice or theory of using hellebore as a medicine.

Hellene

Hel"lene (?), n. [Gr. A native of either ancient or modern Greece; a Greek. Brewer.

Hellenian

Hel*le"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or Greeks.

Hellenic

Hel*len"ic (?; 277), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or inhabitants of Greece; Greek; Grecian. "The Hellenic forces." Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Hellenic

Hel*len"ic, n. The dialect, formed with slight variations from the Attic, which prevailed among Greek writers after the time of Alexander.

Hellenism

Hel"len*ism (?), n. [Gr. Hell\'82nisme.]

1. A phrase or form of speech in accordance with genius and construction or idioms of the Greek language; a Grecism. Addison.

2. The type of character of the ancient Greeks, who aimed at culture, grace, and amenity, as the chief elements in human well-being and perfection.

Hellenist

Hel"len*ist (?), n. [Gr. Hell\'82niste.]

1. One who affiliates with Greeks, or imitates Greek manners; esp., a person of Jewish extraction who used the Greek language as his mother tongue, as did the Jews of Asia Minor, Greece, Syria, and Egypt; distinguished from the Hebraists, or native Jews (Acts vi. 1).

2. One skilled in the Greek language and literature; as, the critical Hellenist.

Hellenistic, Hellenistical

Hel`le*nis"tic (?), Hel`le*nis"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. Hell\'82nistique.] Pertaining to the Hellenists. Hellenistic language, dialect, ∨ idiom, the Greek spoken or used by the Jews who lived in countries where the Greek language prevailed; the Jewish-Greek dialect or idiom of the Septuagint.

Hellenistically

Hel`le*nis"tic*al*ly, adv. According to the Hellenistic manner or dialect. J. Gregory.

Hellenize

Hel"len*ize (?), v. i. [Gr. To use the Greek language; to play the Greek; to Grecize.

Hellenize

Hel"len*ize (?), v. t. [Gr. To give a Greek form or character to; to Grecize; as, to Hellenize a word.

Hellenotype

Hel*len"o*type (?), n. See Ivorytype.

Hellespont

Hel"les*pont (?), n. [L. Hellespontus, Gr. A narrow strait between Europe and Asia, now called the Daradanelles. It connects the \'92gean Sea and the sea of Marmora.

Hellespontine

Hel`les*pon"tine (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Hellespont. Mitford.

Hellgamite, Hellgramite

Hell"ga*mite (?), Hell"gra*mite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The aquatic larva of a large American winged insect (Corydalus cornutus), much used a fish bait by anglers; the dobson. It belongs to the Neuroptera.

Hellhag

Hell"hag` (?), n. A hag of or fit for hell. Bp. Richardson.

Hell-haunted

Hell"-haunt`ed (, a. Haunted by devils; hellish. Dryden.

Hellhound

Hell"hound` (?), n. [AS. hellehund.] A dog of hell; an agent of hell.
A hellhound, that doth hunt us all to death. Shak.

Hellier

Hel"li*er (?), n. [See Hele, v. t.] One who heles or covers; hence, a tiler, slater, or thatcher. [Obs.] [Written also heler.] Usher.

Hellish

Hell"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to hell; like hell; infernal; malignant; wicked; detestable; diabolical. "Hellish hate." Milton. -- Hell"ish*ly, adv. -- Hell"ish*ness, n.

Hellkite

Hell"kite` (?), n. A kite of infernal breed. Shak.

Hello

Hel*lo" (?), interj. & n. See Halloo.

Hellward

Hell"ward (?), adv. Toward hell. Pope.

Helly

Hell"y, a. [AS. hell\'c6c.] Hellish. Anderson (1573).

Helm

Helm (?), n. See Haulm, straw.

Helm

Helm (?), n. [OE. helme, AS. helma rudder; akin to D. & G. helm, Icel. hj\'belm, and perh. to E. helve.]

1. (Naut.) The apparatus by which a ship is steered, comprising rudder, tiller, wheel, etc.; -- commonly used of the tiller or wheel alone.

2. The place or office of direction or administration. "The helm of the Commonwealth." Melmoth.

3. One at the place of direction or control; a steersman; hence, a guide; a director.

The helms o' the State, who care for you like fathers. Shak.

4. [Cf. Helve.] A helve. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Helm amidships, when the tiller, rudder, and keel are in the same plane. -- Helm aport, when the tiller is borne over to the port side of the ship. -- Helm astarboard, when the tiller is borne to the starboard side. -- Helm alee, Helm aweather, when the tiller is borne over to the lee or to the weather side. -- Helm hard alee ∨ hard aport, hard astarboard, etc., when the tiller is borne over to the extreme limit. -- Helm port, the round hole in a vessel's counter through which the rudderstock passes. -- Helm down, helm alee. -- Helm up, helm aweather. -- To ease the helm, to let the tiller come more amidships, so as to lessen the strain on the rudder. -- To feel the helm, to obey it. -- To right the helm, to put it amidships. -- To shift the helm, to bear the tiller over to the corresponding position on the opposite side of the vessel. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Helm

Helm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Helming.] To steer; to guide; to direct. [R.]
The business he hath helmed. Shak.
A wild wave . . . overbears the bark, And him that helms it. Tennyson.

Helm

Helm, n. [AS. See Helmet.]

1. A helmet. [Poetic]

2. A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Helm

Helm, v. t. To cover or furnish with a helm or helmet. [Perh. used only as a past part. or part. adj.]
She that helmed was in starke stours. Chaucer.

Helmage

Helm"age (?), n. Guidance; direction. [R.]

Helmed

Helm"ed (?), a. Covered with a helmet.
The helmed cherubim Are seen in glittering ranks. Milton.

Helmet

Hel"met (?), n. [OF. helmet, a dim of helme, F. heaume; of Teutonic origin; cf. G. helm, akin to AS. & OS. helm, D. helm, helmet, Icel. hj\'belmr, Sw. hjelm, Dan. hielm, Goth. hilms; and prob. from the root of AS. helan to hide, to hele; cf. also Lith. szalmas, Russ. shleme, Skr. \'87arman protection. &root;17. Cf. Hele, Hell, Helm a helmet.]

1. (Armor) A defensive covering for the head. See Casque, Headpiece, Morion, Sallet, and Illust. of Beaver.

2. (Her.) The representation of a helmet over shields or coats of arms, denoting gradations of rank by modifications of form.

3. A helmet-shaped hat, made of cork, felt, metal, or other suitable material, worn as part of the uniform of soldiers, firemen, etc., also worn in hot countries as a protection from the heat of the sun.

4. That which resembles a helmet in form, position, etc.; as: (a) (Chem.) The upper part of a retort. Boyle. (b) (Bot.) The hood-formed upper sepal or petal of some flowers, as of the monkshood or the snapdragon. (c) (Zo\'94l.) A naked shield or protuberance on the top or fore part of the head of a bird. Helmet beetle (Zo\'94l.), a leaf-eating beetle of the family Chrysomelid\'91, having a short, broad, and flattened body. Many species are known. -- Helmet shell (Zo\'94l.), one of many species of tropical marine univalve shells belonging to Cassis and allied genera. Many of them are large and handsome; several are used for cutting as cameos, and hence are called cameo shells. See King conch. -- Helmet shrike (Zo\'94l.), an African wood shrike of the genus Prionodon, having a large crest.

Helmeted

Hel`met*ed (?), a. Wearing a helmet; furnished with or having a helmet or helmet-shaped part; galeate.

Helmet-shaped

Hel"met-shaped` (, a. Shaped like a helmet; galeate. See Illust. of Galeate.

Helminth

Hel"minth (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An intestinal worm, or wormlike intestinal parasite; one of the Helminthes.

Helminthagogue

Hel*min"tha*gogue (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) A vermifuge.

Helminthes

Hel*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the grand divisions or branches of the animal kingdom. It is a large group including a vast number of species, most of which are parasitic. Called also Enthelminthes, Enthelmintha. &hand; The following classes are included, with others of less importance: Cestoidea (tapeworms), Trematodea (flukes, etc.), Turbellaria (planarians), Acanthocephala (thornheads), Nematoidea (roundworms, trichina, gordius), Nemertina (nemerteans). See Plathelminthes, and Nemathelminthes.

Helminthiasis

Hel`min*thi"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease in which worms are present in some part of the body.

Helminthic

Hel*min"thic (?), a. [Cf. F. helminthique.] Of or relating to worms, or Helminthes; expelling worms. -- n. A vermifuge; an anthelmintic.

Helminthite

Hel*min"thite (?), n. [Gr. (Geol.) One of the sinuous tracks on the surfaces of many stones, and popularly considered as worm trails.

Helminthoid

Hel*min"thoid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Wormlike; vermiform.

Helminthologic, Helminthological

Hel*min`tho*log"ic (?), Hel*min`tho*log"ic*al, a. [Cf. F. helminthologique.] Of or pertaining to helminthology.

Helminthologist

Hel`min*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. helminthologiste.] One versed in helminthology.

Helminthology

Hel`min*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. helminthologie.] The natural history, or study, of worms, esp. parasitic worms.

Helmless

Helm"less (?), a.

1. Destitute of a helmet.

2. Without a helm or rudder. Carlyle.

Helmsman

Helms"man (?), n.; pl. Helmsmen (. The man at the helm; a steersman.

Helmwind

Helm"wind` (?), n. A wind attending or presaged by the cloud called helm. [Prov. Eng.]

Helot

He"lot (?; 277), n. [L. Helotes, Hilotae, pl., fr. Gr. E'e`lws and E'elw`ths a bondman or serf of the Spartans; so named from 'Elos, a town of Laconia, whose inhabitants were enslaved; or perh. akin to e`lei^n to take, conquer, used as 2d aor. of A slave in ancient Sparta; a Spartan serf; hence, a slave or serf.
Those unfortunates, the Helots of mankind, more or less numerous in every community. I. Taylor.

Helotism

He"lot*ism (?), n. The condition of the Helots or slaves in Sparta; slavery.

Helotry

He"lot*ry (?), n. The Helots, collectively; slaves; bondsmen. "The Helotry of Mammon." Macaulay.

Help

Help (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helped (?) (Obs. imp. Holp (, p. p. Holpen (; p. pr. & vb. n. Helping.] [AS. helpan; akin to OS. helpan, D. helpen, G. helfen, OHG. helfan, Icel. hj\'belpa, Sw. hjelpa, Dan. hielpe, Goth. hilpan; cf. Lith. szelpti, and Skr. klp to be fitting.]

1. To furnish with strength or means for the successful performance of any action or the attainment of any object; to aid; to assist; as, to help a man in his work; to help one to remember; -- the following infinitive is commonly used without to; as, "Help me scale yon balcony." Longfellow.

2. To furnish with the means of deliverance from trouble; as, to help one in distress; to help one out of prison. "God help, poor souls, how idly do they talk!" Shak.

3. To furnish with relief, as in pain or disease; to be of avail against; -- sometimes with of before a word designating the pain or disease, and sometimes having such a word for the direct object. "To help him of his blindness." <-- now, in is used for that function; -- "to help him in his misery" --> Shak.

The true calamus helps coughs. Gerarde.

Page 684

4. To change for the better; to remedy.

Cease to lament for what thou canst not help. Shak.

5. To prevent; to hinder; as, the evil approaches, and who can help it? Swift.

6. To forbear; to avoid.

I can not help remarking the resemblance betwixt him and our author. Pope.
<-- often used with "but" -->

7. To wait upon, as the guests at table, by carving and passing food. To help forward, to assist in advancing. -- To help off, to help to go or pass away, as time; to assist in removing. Locke. -- To help on, to forward; to promote by aid. -- To help out, to aid, as in delivering from a difficulty, or to aid in completing a design or task.

The god of learning and of light Would want a god himself to help him out. Swift.
-- To help over, to enable to surmount; as, to help one over an obstacle. -- To help to, to supply with; to furnish with; as, to help one to soup. -- To help up, to help (one) to get up; to assist in rising, as after a fall, and the like. "A man is well holp up that trusts to you." Shak.
Syn. -- To aid; assist; succor; relieve; serve; support; sustain; befriend. -- To Help, Aid, Assist. These words all agree in the idea of affording relief or support to a person under difficulties. Help turns attention especially to the source of relief. If I fall into a pit, I call for help; and he who helps me out does it by an act of his own. Aid turns attention to the other side, and supposes co\'94peration on the part of him who is relieved; as, he aided me in getting out of the pit; I got out by the aid of a ladder which he brought. Assist has a primary reference to relief afforded by a person who "stands by" in order to relieve. It denotes both help and aid. Thus, we say of a person who is weak, I assisted him upstairs, or, he mounted the stairs by my assistance. When help is used as a noun, it points less distinctively and exclusively to the source of relief, or, in other words, agrees more closely with aid. Thus we say, I got out of a pit by the help of my friend.

Help

Help (?), v. i. To lend aid or assistance; to contribute strength or means; to avail or be of use; to assist.
A generous present helps to persuade, as well as an agreeable person. Garth.
To help out, to lend aid; to bring a supply.

Help

Help, n. [AS. help; akin to D. hulp, G. h\'81lfe, hilfe, Icel. hj\'belp, Sw. hjelp, Dan. hielp. See Help, v. t.]

1. Strength or means furnished toward promoting an object, or deliverance from difficulty or distress; aid; ^; also, the person or thing furnishing the aid; as, he gave me a help of fifty dollars.

Give us help from trouble, for vain is the help of man. Ps. lx. 11.
God is . . . a very present help in trouble. Ps. xlvi. 1.
Virtue is a friend and a help to nature. South.

2. Remedy; relief; as, there is no help for it.

3. A helper; one hired to help another; also, thew hole force of hired helpers in any business.

4. Specifically, a domestic servant, man or woman. [Local, U. S.]

Helper

Help"er (?), n. One who, or that which, helps, aids, assists, or relieves; as, a lay helper in a parish.
Thou art the helper of the fatherless. Ps. x. 14.
Compassion . . . oftentimes a helper of evils. Dr. H. More.

Helpful

Help"ful (?), a. Furnishing help; giving aid; assistant; useful; salutary.
Heavens make our presence and our practices Pleasant and helpful to him! Shak.
-- Help"ful*ly, adv. -- Help"ful*ness, n. Milton.

Helpless

Help"less, a.

1. Destitute of help or strength; unable to help or defend one's self; needing help; feeble; weak; as, a helpless infant.

How shall I then your helpless fame defend? Pope.

2. Beyond help; irremediable.

Some helpless disagreement or dislike, either of mind or body. Milton.

3. Bringing no help; unaiding. [Obs.]

Yet since the gods have been Helpless foreseers of my plagues. Chapman.

4. Unsupplied; destitute; -- with of. [R.]

Helpless of all that human wants require. Dryden.
-- Help"less*ly, adv. -- Help"less*ness, n.

Helpmate

Help"mate` (?), n. [A corruption of the "help meet for him" of Genesis ii. 18.Fitzedward Hall.] A helper; a companion; specifically, a wife.
In Minorca the ass and the hog are common helpmates, and are yoked together in order to turn up the land. Pennant.
A waiting woman was generally considered as the most suitable helpmate for a parson. Macaulay.

Helpmeet

Help"meet` (?), n. [See Helpmate.] A wife; a helpmate.
The Lord God created Adam, . . . and afterwards, on his finding the want of a helpmeet, caused him to sleep, and took one of his ribs and thence made woman. J. H. Newman.

Helter-skelter

Hel"ter-skel"ter (?), adv. [An onomatholter-polter, D. holder de bolder.] In hurry and confusion; without definite purpose; irregularly. [Colloq.]
Helter-skelter have I rode to thee. Shak.
A wistaria vine running helter-skelter across the roof. J. C. Harris.

Helve

Helve (?), n. [OE. helve, helfe, AS. hielf, helf, hylf, cf. OHG. halb; and also E. halter, helm of a rudder.]

1. The handle of an ax, hatchet, or adze.

2. (Iron Working) (a) The lever at the end of which is the hammer head, in a forge hammer. (b) A forge hammer which is lifted by a cam acting on the helve between the fulcrum and the head.

Helve

Helve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Helving.] To furnish with a helve, as an ax.

Helvetian

Hel*ve"tian (?), a. Same as Helvetic. -- n. A Swiss; a Switzer.

Helvetic

Hel*ve"tic (?), a. [L. Helveticus, fr. Helvetii the Helvetii.] Of or pertaining to the Helvetii, the ancient inhabitant of the Alps, now Switzerland, or to the modern states and inhabitant of the Alpine regions; as, the Helvetic confederacy; Helvetic states.

Helvine, Helvite

Hel"vine (?), Hel"vite (?), n. [L. helvus of a light bay color.] (Min.) A mineral of a yellowish color, consisting chiefly of silica, glucina, manganese, and iron, with a little sulphur.

Hem

Hem (?), pron. [OE., fr. AS. him, heom, dative pl. of. h he. See He, They.] Them [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hem

Hem, interj. An onomatopoetic word used as an expression of hesitation, doubt, etc. It is often a sort of voluntary half cough, loud or subdued, and would perhaps be better expressed by hm.
Cough or cry hem, if anybody come. Shak.

Hem

Hem, n. An utterance or sound of the voice, hem or hm, often indicative of hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention. "His morning hems." Spectator.

Hem

Hem, v. i. [Hem, interj.] To make the sound expressed by the word hem; hence, to hesitate in speaking. "Hem, and stroke thy beard." Shak.

Hem

Hem, n. [AS. hem, border, margin; cf. Fries. h\'84mel, Prov. G. hammel hem of mire or dirt.]

1. The edge or border of a garment or cloth, doubled over and sewed, to strengthen raveling.

2. Border; edge; margin. "Hem of the sea." Shak.

3. A border made on sheet-metal ware by doubling over the edge of the sheet, to stiffen it and remove the sharp edge.

Hem

Hem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hemming.]

1. To form a hem or border to; to fold and sew down the edge of. Wordsworth.

2. To border; to edge

All the skirt about Was hemmed with golden fringe. Spenser.
To hem about, around, ∨ in, to inclose and confine; to surround; to environ. "With valiant squadrons round about to hem." Fairfax. "Hemmed in to be a spoil to tyranny." Daniel. -- To hem out, to shut out. "You can not hem me out of London." J. Webster.

Hema-

Hem"a- (?). Same as H\'91ma-.

Hemachate

Hem"a*chate (?), n. [L. haemachates; Gr. (Min.) A species of agate, sprinkled with spots of red jasper.

Hemachrome

Hem"a*chrome (?), n. Same as H\'91machrome.

Hemacite

Hem"a*cite (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma blood.] A composition made from blood, mixed with mineral or vegetable substances, used for making buttons, door knobs, etc.

Hemadrometer, Hemadromometer

Hem`a*drom"e*ter (?), Hem`a*dro*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Hema- + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the velocity with which the blood moves in the arteries.<-- now hemodromometer -->

Hemadrometry, Hemadromometry

Hem`a*drom`e*try (?), Hem`a*dro*mom"e*try (?), n. (Physiol.) The act of measuring the velocity with which the blood circulates in the arteries; h\'91motachometry.

Hemadynamics

He`ma*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Hema- + dynamics.] (Physiol.) The principles of dynamics in their application to the blood; that part of science which treats of the motion of the blood.

Hemadynamometer

He`ma*dy"na*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Hema- + dynamometr.] (Physiol.) An instrument by which the pressure of the blood in the arteries, or veins, is measured by the height to which it will raise a column of mercury; -- called also a h\'91momanometer.

Hemal

He"mal (?), a. [Gr. a"i^ma blood.] Relating to the blood or blood vessels; pertaining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with, the heart and great blood vessels; -- opposed to neural. &hand; As applied to vertebrates, hemal is the same as ventral, the heart and great blood vessels being on the ventral, and the central nervous system on the dorsal, side of the vertebral column. Hemal arch (Anat.), the ventral arch in a segment of the spinal skeleton, formed by vertebral processes or ribs.

Hemaph\'91in

Hem`a*ph\'91"in (?), n. Same as H\'91maph\'91in.

Hemapophysis

Hem`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Hemapophyses . [NL. See H\'91ma-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) The second element in each half of a hemal arch, corresponding to the sternal part of a rib. Owen. -- Hem`a*po*phys"i*al (#), a.

Hemastatic, Hemastatical

Hem`a*stat"ic (?), Hem`a*stat"ic*al (?), a. & n. Same as Hemostatic.

Hemastatics

Hem`a*stat"ics (?), n. (Physiol.) Laws relating to the equilibrium of the blood in the blood vessels.

Hematachometer

Hem`a*ta*chom"e*ter (?), n. Same as H\'91matachometer.

Hematein

Hem`a*te"in (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A reddish brown or violet crystalline substance, C16H12O6, got from hematoxylin by partial oxidation, and regarded as analogous to the phthaleins.

Hematemesis

Hem`a*tem"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + (Med.) A vomiting of blood.

Hematherm

Hem"a*therm (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma blood + (Zo\'94l.) A warm-blooded animal. [R.]

Hemathermal

Hem`a*ther"mal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Warm-blooded; hematothermal. [R]

Hematic

He*mat"ic (?), a. Same as H\'91matic.

Hematic

He*mat"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine designed to improve the condition of the blood.

Hematin

Hem"a*tin (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.]

1. Hematoxylin.

2. (Physiol. Chem.) A bluish black, amorphous substance containing iron and obtained from blood. It exists the red blood corpuscles united with globulin, and the form of hemoglobin or oxyhemoglobin gives to the blood its red color.

Hematinometer

Hem`a*ti*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Hematin + -meter.] (Physiol. Chem.) A form of hemoglobinometer.

Hematinometric

Hem`a*tin`o*met"ric (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to the measurement of the amount of hematin or hemoglobin contained in blood, or other fluids.

Hematinon

He*mat"i*non (?), n. [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] A red consisting of silica, borax, and soda, fused with oxide of copper and iron, and used in enamels, mosaics, etc.

Hematite

Hem"a*tite (?), n. [L. haematites, Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] (Min.) An important ore of iron, the sesquioxide, so called because of the red color of the powder. It occurs in splendent rhombohedral crystals, and in massive and earthy forms; -- the last called red ocher. Called also specular iron, oligist iron, rhombohedral iron ore, and bloodstone. See Brown hematite, under Brown.

Hematitic

Hem`a*tit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to hematite, or resembling it.

Hemato

Hem"a*to (?). See H\'91ma-.

Hematocele

He*mat"o*cele (?), n. [Hemato- + Gr. h\'82matoc\'8ale.] (Med.) A tumor filled with blood.

Hematocrya

Hem`a*toc"ry*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + kry`os cold.] (Zo\'94l.) The cold-blooded vertebrates, that is, all but the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to Hematotherma.

Hematocrystallin

Hem`a*to*crys"tal*lin (?), n. [Hemato + crystalline.] (Physiol.) See Hemoglobin.

Hematoid

Hem"a*toid (?), a. [Hemato- + -oid.] (Physiol.) Resembling blood.

Hematoidin

Hem`a*toid"in (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline or amorphous pigment, free from iron, formed from hematin in old blood stains, and in old hemorrhages in the body. It resembles bilirubin. When present in the corpora lutea it is called h\'91molutein.

Hematology

Hem`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Hemato- + -logy.] The science which treats of the blood.

Hematoma

Hem`a*to"ma (?), n. [NL. See Hema-, and -oma.] (Med.) A circumscribed swelling produced by an effusion of blood beneath the skin.

Hematophilia

Hem`a*to*phil"i*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + (Med.) A condition characterized by a tendency to profuse and uncontrollable hemorrhage from the slightest wounds.<-- = hemophilia -->

Hematosin

Hem`a*to"sin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) The hematin of blood. [R.]

Hematosis

Hem`a*to"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. a"ima`twsis.] (Physiol.) (a) Sanguification; the conversion of chyle into blood. (b) The arterialization of the blood in the lungs; the formation of blood in general; h\'91matogenesis.

Hematotherma

Hem`a*to*ther"ma (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + thermo`s warm.] (Zo\'94l.) The warm-blooded vertebrates, comprising the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to hematocrya.

Hematothermal

Hem"a*to*ther"mal (?), a. Warm-blooded.

Hematoxylin

Hem`a*tox"y*lin (?), n. H\'91matoxylin.

Hematuria

Hem`a*tu"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Hema-, and Urine.] (Med.) Passage of urine mingled with blood.

Hemautography

Hem`au*tog"ra*phy (?), n. (Physiol.) The obtaining of a curve similar to a pulse curve or sphygmogram by allowing the blood from a divided artery to strike against a piece of paper.

Hemelytron ∨, Hemelytrum

Hem*el"y*tron (? ∨ ?), Hem*el"y*trum (-tr&ucr;m cf. Elytron, 277),, n.; pl. Hemelytra (. [NL. See Hemi, and Elytron.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the partially thickened anterior wings of certain insects, as of many Hemiptera, the earwigs, etc.

Hemeralopia

Hem`e*ra*lo"pi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Nyctalopia.] (Med.) A disease of the eyes, in consequence of which a person can see clearly or without pain only by daylight or a strong artificial light; day sight. &hand; Some writers (as Quain) use the word in the opposite sense, i. e., day blindness. See Nyctalopia.

Hemerobian

Hem`er*o"bi*an (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A neuropterous insect of the genus Hemerobius, and allied genera.

Hemerobid

He*mer"o*bid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of relating to the hemerobians.

Hemerocallis

Hem`e*ro*cal"lis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants, some species of which are cultivated for their beautiful flowers; day lily.

Hemi-

Hem"i- (?). [Gr. "hmi-. See Semi-.] A prefix signifying half.

Hemialbumin

Hem`i*al*bu"min (?), n. [Hemi- + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Hemialbumose.

Hemialbumose

Hem`i*al"bu"mose` (?), n. [Hemi- + albumose.] (Physiol. Chem.) An albuminous substance formed in gastric digestion, and by the action of boiling dilute acids on albumin. It is readily convertible into hemipeptone. Called also hemialbumin.

Hemian\'91sthesia

Hem`i*an`\'91s*the"si*a (?), n. [Hemi- + an\'91sthesia.] (Med.) An\'91sthesia upon one side of the body.

Hemibranchi

Hem`i*bran"chi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hemi-, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes having an incomplete or reduced branchial apparatus. It includes the sticklebacks, the flutemouths, and Fistularia.

Hemicardia

Hem`i*car"di*a (?), n. [NL. See Hemi-, and Cardia.] (Anat.) A lateral half of the heart, either the right or left. B. G. Wilder.

Hemicarp

Hem`i*carp (?), n. [Hemi- + Gr. (Bot.) One portion of a fruit that spontaneously divides into halves.

Hemicerebrum

Hem`i*cer"e*brum (?), n. [Hemi- + cerebrum.] (Anat.) A lateral half of the cerebrum. Wilder.

Hemicollin

Hem`i*col"lin (?), n. [Hemi- + collin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Semiglutin.

Hemicrania

Hem`i*cra"ni*a (?), n. [L.: cf. F. h\'82micr\'83nie. See Cranium, and Megrim.] (Med.) A pain that affects only one side of the head.

Hemicrany

Hem"i*cra`ny (?), n. (Med.) Hemicranis.

Hemicycle

Hem"i*cy`cle (?), n. [L. hemicyclus, Gr.

1. A half circle; a semicircle.


Page 685

2. A semicircular place, as a semicircular arena, or room, or part of a room.

The collections will be displayed in the hemicycle of the central pavilion. London Academy.

Hemidactyl

Hem`i*dac"tyl (?), n. [See Hemi-, and Dactyl.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Old World geckoes of the genus Hemidactylus. The hemidactyls have dilated toes, with two rows of plates beneath.

Hemi-demi-semiquaver

Hem`i-dem`i-sem"i*quaver (?), n. [Hemi- + demi-semiquaver.] (Mus.) A short note, equal to one fourth of a semiquaver, or the sixty-fourth part of a whole note.

Hemiditone

Hem`i*di"tone (?), n. [Hemi- + ditone.] (Gr. Mus.) The lesser third. Busby.
I have said so much, that, if I had not a frank, I must burn my letter and begin again. Cowper.

Frank

Frank, n. [Cf. F. franc. See Frank, a.]

1. (Ethnol.) A member of one of the German tribes that in the fifth century overran and conquered Gaul, and established the kingdom of France.

2. A native or inhabitant of Western Europe; a European; -- a term used in the Levant.

3. A French coin. See Franc.

Frankalmoigne

Frank`al*moigne" (?), n. [F. franc free + Norm. F. almoigne alma, for almosne, F. aum\'93ne. See Frank, a., and Almoner.] (Eng. Law) A tenure by which a religious corporation holds lands given to them and their successors forever, usually on condition of praying for the soul of the donor and his heirs; -- called also tenure by free alms. Burrill.

Frank-chase

Frank"-chase` (?), n. [Frank free + chase.] (Eng. Law) The liberty or franchise of having a chase; free chase. Burrill.

Frank-fee

Frank"-fee` (?), n. [Frank free + fee.] (Eng. Law) A species of tenure in fee simple, being the opposite of ancient demesne, or copyhold. Burrill.

Frankfort black

Frank"fort black` (?). A black pigment used in copperplate printing, prepared by burning vine twigs, the lees of wine, etc. McElrath.

Frankincense

Frank"in*cense (?), n. [OF. franc free, pure + encens incense.] A fragrant, aromatic resin, or gum resin, burned as an incense in religious rites or for medicinal fumigation. The best kinds now come from East Indian trees, of the genus Boswellia; a commoner sort, from the Norway spruce (Abies excelsa) and other coniferous trees. The frankincense of the ancient Jews is still unidentified.

Franking

Frank"ing (?), n. (Carp.) A method of forming a joint at the intersection of window-sash bars, by cutting away only enough wood to show a miter.

Frankish

Frank"ish, a. Like, or pertaining to, the Franks.

Frank-law

Frank"-law` (?), n. [Frank free + law.] (Eng. Law) The liberty of being sworn in courts, as a juror or witness; one of the ancient privileges of a freeman; free and common law; -- an obsolete expression signifying substantially the same as the American expression civil rights. Abbot.

Franklin

Frank"lin (?), n. [OE. frankelein; cf. LL. franchilanus. See Frank, a.] An English freeholder, or substantial householder. [Obs.] Chaucer.
The franklin, a small landholder of those days. Sir J. Stephen.

Franklinic

Frank*lin"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Benjamin Franklin. Franklinic electricity, electricity produced by friction; called also statical electricity.

Franklinite

Frank"lin*ite (?), n. (Min.) A kind of mineral of the spinel group.

Franklin stove

Frank"lin stove` (?). A kind of open stove introduced by Benjamin Franklin, the peculiar feature of which was that a current of heated air was directly supplied to the room from an air box; -- now applied to other varieties of open stoves.

Frankly

Frank"ly, adv. In a frank manner; freely.
Very frankly he confessed his treasons. Shak.
Syn. -- Openly; ingenuously; plainly; unreservedly; undisguisedly; sincerely; candidly; artlessly; freely; readily; unhesitatingly; liberally; willingly.

Frank-marriage

Frank"-mar"riage (?), n. [Frank free + marriage.] (Eng. Law) A certain tenure in tail special; an estate of inheritance given to a man his wife (the wife being of the blood of the donor), and descendible to the heirs of their two bodies begotten. [Obs.] Blackstone.

Frankness

Frank"ness, n. The quality of being frank; candor; openess; ingenuousness; fairness; liberality.

Frankpledge

Frank"pledge` (?), n. [Frank free + pledge.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) A pledge or surety for the good behavior of freemen, -- each freeman who was a member of an ancient decennary, tithing, or friborg, in England, being a pledge for the good conduct of the others, for the preservation of the public peace; a free surety. (b) The tithing itself. Bouvier.
The servants of the crown were not, as now, bound in frankpledge for each other. Macaulay.

Frantic

Fran"tic (?), a. [OE. frentik, frenetik, F. frentique, L. phreneticus, from Gr. Frenzy, and cf. Frenetic, Phrenetic.] Mad; raving; furious; violent; wild and disorderly; distracted.
Die, frantic wretch, for this accursed deed! Shak.
Torrents of frantic abuse. Macaulay.
-- Fran"tic*al*ly (#), adv. -- Fran"tic*ly (#), adv. Shak. -- Fran"tic*ness, n. Johnson.

Frap

Frap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frapping.] [Cf. F. frapper to strike, to seize ropes. Cf. Affrap.]

1. (Naut.) To draw together; to bind with a view to secure and strengthen, as a vessel by passing cables around it; to tighten; as a tackle by drawing the lines together. Tottem.

2. To brace by drawing together, as the cords of a drum. Knoght.

Frape

Frape (?), n. [Cf. frap, and Prov. E. frape to scold.] A crowd, a rabble. [Obs.] ares.

Frapler

Frap"ler (?), n. A blusterer; a rowdy. [Obs.]
Unpolished, a frapler, and base. B. Jonson.

Frater

Fra"ter, n. [L., a brother.] (Eccl.) A monk; also, a frater house. [R.] Shipley. Frater house, an apartament in a convent used as an eating room; a refectory; -- called also a fratery.

Fraternal

Fra*ter"nal (?), a.[F. fraternel, LL. fraternalis, fr. L. fraternus, fr. frater brother. See Brother.] Pf, pertaining to, or involving, brethren; becoming to brothers; brotherly; as, fraternal affection; a fraternal embrace. -- Fra*ter"nal*ly, adv.
An abhorred, a cursed, a fraternal war. Milton.
Fraternal love and friendship. Addison.

Fraternate

Fra*ter"nate (?), v. i. To fraternize; to hold fellowship. Jefferson.

Fraternation, Fraternism

Fra`ter*na"tion (?), Fra"ter*nism (?), n. Fraternization. [R.] Jefferson.

Fraternity

Fra*ter"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Fraternities (#). [F. fraternit\'82, L. fraternitas.]

1. The state or quality of being fraternal or brotherly; brotherhood.

2. A body of men associated for their common interest, business, or pleasure; a company; a brotherhood; a society; in the Roman Catholic Chucrch, an association for special religious purposes, for relieving the sick and destitute, etc.

3. Men of the same class, profession, occupation, character, or tastes.

With what terms of respect knaves and sots will speak of their own fraternity! South.

Fraternization

Fra`ter*ni*za"tion (? ∨ ?), n. The act of fraternizing or uniting as brothers.
I hope that no French fraternization . . . could so change the hearts of Englishmen. Burke.

Fraternize

Fra"ter*nize (? ∨ ?; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fraternized (#); p. pr. & vb. n.. Fraternizing (#).] [Cf. F. fraterniser.] To associate or hold fellowship as brothers, or as men of like occupation or character; to have brotherly feelings.

Fraternize

Fra"ter*nize, v. t. To bring into fellowship or brotherly sympathy.
Correspondence for fraternizing the two nations. Burke.

Fraternizer

Frat"er*ni`zer (?; 277), n. One who fraternizes. Burke.

Fratery

Fra"ter*y (? ∨ ?), n. [L. frater brother: cf. It. frateria a brotherhood of monks. See Friar.] A frater house. See under Frater. <-- Frat house. Short for fraternity house, a building owned by a college fraternity in which members may live. -->

Fratrage

Fra"trage (? ∨ ?; 48), n. [L. frater a brother.] (Law) A sharing among brothers, or brothers' kin. [Obs.] Crabb.

Fratricelli

Fra`tri*cel"li (?), n. pl. [It. fraticelli, lit., little brothers, dim. fr. frate brother, L. frater.] (Eccl. Hist.) (a) The name which St. Francis of Assisi gave to his followers, early in the 13th century. (b) A sect which seceded from the Franciscan Order, chiefly in Italy and Sicily, in 1294, repudiating the pope as an apostate, maintaining the duty of celibacy and poverty, and discountenancing oaths. Called also Fratricellians and Fraticelli.

Fratricidal

Frat"ri*ci`dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to fratricide; of the nature of fratricide.

Fratricide

Frat"ri*cide (?), n. [L. fratricidium a brother's murder, fr. fratricida a brother's murderer; frater, fratris, brother + caedere to kill: cf. F. fratricide.]

1. The act of one who murders or kills his own brother.

2. [L. fratricida: cf. F. fratricide.] One who murders or kills his own brother.

Fraud

Fraud (?), n. [F. fraude, L. fraus, fraudis; prob. akin to Skr. dh to injure, dhv to cause to fall, and E. dull.]

1. Deception deliberately practiced with a view to gaining an unlawful or unfair advantage; artifice by which the right or interest of another is injured; injurious stratagem; deceit; trick.

If success a lover's toil attends, Few ask, if fraud or force attained his ends. Pope.

2. (Law) An intentional perversion of truth for the purpose of obtaining some valuable thing or promise from another.

3. A trap or snare. [Obs.]

To draw the proud King Ahab into fraud. Milton.
Constructive fraud (Law), an act, statement, or omission which operates as a fraud, although perhaps not intended to be such. Mozley & W. -- Pious fraud (Ch. Hist.), a fraud contrived and executed to benefit the church or accomplish some good end, upon the theory that the end justified the means. -- Statute of frauds (Law), an English statute (1676), the principle of which is incorporated in the legislation of all the States of this country, by which writing with specific solemnities (varying in the several statutes) is required to give efficacy to certain dispositions of property. Wharton. Syn. -- Deception; deceit; guile; craft; wile; sham; strife; circumvention; stratagem; trick; imposition; cheat. See Deception.

Fraudful

Fraud"ful (?), a. Full of fraud, deceit, or treachery; trickish; treacherous; fraudulent; -- applied to persons or things. I. Taylor. -- Fraud"ful*ly, adv.

Fraudless

Fraud"less, a. Free from fraud. -- Fraud"less*ly, adv. -- Fraud"less*ness, n.

Fraudulence; 135, Fraudulency

Fraud"u*lence (?; 135), Fraud"u*len*cy (?), n. [L. fraudulentia.] The quality of being fraudulent; deliberate deceit; trickishness. Hooker.

Fraudulent

Fraud"u*lent (?), a. [L. fraudulentus, fr. fraus, fraudis, frand: cf. F. fraudulent.]

1. Using fraud; trickly; deceitful; dishonest.

2. Characterized by,, founded on, or proceeding from, fraund; as, a fraudulent bargain.

He, with serpent tongue, . . . His fraudulent temptation thus began. Milton.

3. Obtained or performed by artifice; as, fraudulent conquest. Milton. Syn. -- Deceitful; fraudful; guileful; crafty; wily; cunning; subtle; deceiving; cheating; deceptive; insidious; treacherous; dishonest; designing; unfair.

Frauulently

Frau"u*lent*ly (?), adv. In a fraudulent manner.

Fraught

Fraught (?), n. [OE.fraight, fraght; akin to Dan. fragt, Sw. frakt, D. vracht, G. fracht, cf. OHG. fr merit, reward; perh. from corresponding to E. for + The root of E. own. Cf. Freight.] A freight; a cargo. [Obs.] Shak.

Fraught

Fraught, a. Freighted; laden; filled; stored; charged.
A vessel of our country richly fraught. Shak.
A discourse fraught with all the commending excellences oSouth.
Enterprises fraught with world-wide benefits. I. Taylor.

Fraught

Fraught, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fraughted or Fraught; p. pr. & vb. n. Fraughting.] [Akin to Dan. fragte, Sw. frakta, D. bevrachten, G. frachten, cf. OHG. fr&emac;ht&omac;n to deserve. See Fraught, n.] To freight; to load; to burden; to fill; to crowd. [Obs.]
Upon the tumbling billows fraughted ride The armed ships. Fairfax.

Fraughtage

Fraught"age (?; 48), n. Freight; loading; cargo. [Obs.] Shak.

Fraughting

Fraught"ing, a. Constituting the freight or cargo. [Obs.] "The fraughting souls within her." Shak.

Fraunhofer lines

Fraun"ho*fer lines` (?). (Physics.) The lines of the spectrun; especially and properly, the dark lines of the solar spectrum, so called because first accurately observed and interpreted by Fraunhofer, a German physicist.

Fraxin

Frax"in (?), n. [From Fraxinus.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and found in the bark of the ash (Fraxinus) and along with esculin in the bark of the horse-chestnut. It shows a delicate fluorescence in alkaline solutions; -- called also paviin.

Fraxinus

Frax"i*nus (?), n. [L., the ash tree.] (Bot.) A genus of deciduous forest trees, found in the north temperate zone, and including the true ash trees. &hand; Fraxinus excelsior is the European ash; F. Americana, the white ash; F. sambucifolia, the black ash or water ash.

Fray

Fray (?), n. [Abbreviated from affray.] Affray; broil; contest; combat.
Who began this bloody fray? Shak.

Fray

Fray, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fraying.] [See 1st Fray, and cf. Affray.] To frighten; to terrify; to alarm. I. Taylor.
What frays ye, that were wont to comfort me affrayed? Spenser.

Fray

Fray, v. t. [Cf. OF. fraier. See Defray, v. t.] To bear the expense of; to defray. [Obs.]
The charge of my most curious and costly ingredients frayed, I shall acknowledge myself amply satisfied. Massinger.

Fray

Fray, v. t. [OF. freier, fraier, froier, to rub. L. fricare; cf. friare to crumble, E. friable; perh. akin to Gr. gh to rub, scratch. Cf. Friction.] To rub; to wear off, or wear into shreds, by rubbing; to fret, as cloth; as, a deer is said to fray her head.

Fray

Fray, v. i.

1. To rub.

We can show the marks he made When 'gainst the oak his antlers frayed. Sir W. Scott.

2. To wear out or into shreads, or to suffer injury by rubbing, as when the threads of the warp or of the woof wear off so that the cross threads are loose; to ravel; as, the cloth frays badly.

A suit of frayed magnificience. tennyson.

Fray

Fray, n. A fret or chafe, as in cloth; a place injured by rubbing.

Fraying

Fray"ing, n. (Zo\'94l.) The skin which a deer frays from his horns. B. Jonson.

Freak

Freak (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Freaking.] [Akin to OE. frakin, freken, freckle, Icel. freknur, pl., Sw. fr\'84kne, Dan. fregne, Gr. p&rsdot;&cced;ni variegated. Cf. Freckle, Freck.] To variegate; to checker; to streak. [R.]
Freaked with many a mingled hue. Thomson.

Freak

Freak, n. [Prob. from OE. frek bold, AS. frec bold, greedly; akin to OHG. freh greedly, G. frech insolent, Icel. frekr greedly, Goth. fa\'a1hufriks avaricious.] A sudden causeless change or turn of the mind; a whim of fancy; a capricious prank; a vagary or caprice.
She is restless and peevish, and sometimes in a freak will instantly change her habitation. Spectator.
Syn. -- Whim; caprice; folly; sport. See Whim.

Freaking

Freak"ing, a. Freakish. [Obs.] Pepys.

Freakish

Freak"ish, a. Apt to change the mind suddenly; whimsical; capricious.
It may be a question whether the wife or the woman was the more freakish of the two. L'Estrange.
Freakish when well, and fretful when she's sick. Pope.
-- Freak"ish*ly, adv. -- Freak"ish*ness, n.

Freck

Freck (?), v. t. [Cf. Freak, v. t., Freckle.] To checker; to diversify. [R. & Poet.]
The painted windows, frecking gloom with glow. Lowell.

Freckle

Freck"le (?), n. [Dim., from the same root as freak, v. t.]

1. A small yellowish or brownish spot in the skin, particularly on the face, neck, or hands.

2. Any small spot or discoloration.

Freckle

Frec"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Freckling (?).] To spinkle or mark with freckle or small discolored spots; to spot.
Page 594

Freckle

Frec"kle (?), v. i. To become covered or marked with freckles; to be spotted.

Frackled

Frac"kled (?), a. Marked with freckles; spotted. "The freckled trout." Dryden.
The freckled cowslip, burnet, and green clover. Shak.

Freckledness

Frec"kled*ness (?), n. The state of being freckled.

Freckly

Frec"kly (?), a. Full of or marked with freckles; sprinkled with spots; freckled.

Fred

Fred (?), n. [AS. fri peace. See Frith inclosure.] Peace; -- a word used in composition, especially in proper names; as, Alfred; Frederic.

Fredstole

Fred"stole` (?), n. [Obs.] See Fridstol. Fuller.

Free

Free (?), a. [Compar. Freer (?); superl. Freest (?).] [OE. fre, freo, AS. fre\'a2, fr\'c6; akin to D. vrij, OS. & OHG. fr\'c6, G. frei, Icel. fr\'c6, Sw. & Dan. fri, Goth. freis, and also to Skr. prija beloved, dear, fr. pr\'c6 to love, Goth. frij. Cf. Affray, Belfry, Friday, Friend, Frith inclosure.]

1. Exempt from subjection to the will of others; not under restraint, control, or compulsion; able to follow one's own impulses, desires, or inclinations; determining one's own course of action; not dependent; at liberty.

That which has the power, or not the power, to operate, is that alone which is or is not free. Locke.

2. Not under an arbitrary or despotic government; subject only to fixed laws regularly and fairly administered, and defended by them from encroachments upon natural or acquired rights; enjoying political liberty.

3. Liberated, by arriving at a certain age, from the control of parents, guardian, or master.

4. Not confined or imprisoned; released from arrest; liberated; at liberty to go.

Set an unhappy prisoner free. Prior.

5. Not subjected to the laws of physical necessity; capable of voluntary activity; endowed with moral liberty; -- said of the will.

Not free, what proof could they have given sincere Of true allegiance, constant faith, or love. Milton.

6. Clear of offense or crime; guiltless; innocent.

My hands are guilty, but my heart is free. Dryden.

7. Unconstrained by timidity or distrust; unreserved; ingenuous; frank; familiar; communicative.

He was free only with a few. Milward.

8. Unrestrained; immoderate; lavish; licentious; -- used in a bad sense.

The critics have been very free in their censures. Felton.
A man may live a free life as to wine or women. Shelley.

9. Not close or parsimonious; liberal; open-handed; lavish; as, free with his money.

10. Exempt; clear; released; liberated; not encumbered or troubled with; as, free from pain; free from a burden; -- followed by from, or, rarely, by of.

Princes declaring themselves free from the obligations of their treaties. Bp. Burnet.

11. Characteristic of one acting without restraint; charming; easy.

12. Ready; eager; acting without spurring or whipping; spirited; as, a free horse.

13. Invested with a particular freedom or franchise; enjoying certain immunities or privileges; admitted to special rights; -- followed by of.

He therefore makes all birds, of every sect, Free of his farm. Dryden.

14. Thrown open, or made accessible, to all; to be enjoyed without limitations; unrestricted; not obstructed, engrossed, or appropriated; open; -- said of a thing to be possessed or enjoyed; as, a free school.

Why, sir, I pray, are not the streets as free For me as for you? Shak.

15. Not gained by importunity or purchase; gratuitous; spontaneous; as, free admission; a free gift.

16. Not arbitrary or despotic; assuring liberty; defending individual rights against encroachment by any person or class; instituted by a free people; -- said of a government, institutions, etc.

17. (O. Eng. Law) Certain or honorable; the opposite of base; as, free service; free socage. Burrill.

18. (Law) Privileged or individual; the opposite of common; as, a free fishery; a free warren. Burrill.

19. Not united or combined with anything else; separated; dissevered; unattached; at liberty to escape; as, free carbonic acid gas; free cells. Free agency, the capacity or power of choosing or acting freely, or without necessity or constraint upon the will. -- Free bench (Eng. Law), a widow's right in the copyhold lands of her husband, corresponding to dower in freeholds. -- Free board (Naut.), a vessel's side between water line and gunwale. -- Free bond (Chem.), an unsaturated or unemployed unit, or bond, of affinity or valence, of an atom or radical. -- Free-borough men (O.Eng. Law). See Friborg. -- Free chapel (Eccles.), a chapel not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary, having been founded by the king or by a subject specially authorized. [Eng.] Bouvier. -- Free charge (Elec.), a charge of electricity in the free or statical condition; free electricity. -- Free church. (a) A church whose sittings are for all and without charge. (b) An ecclesiastical body that left the Church of Scotland, in 1843, to be free from control by the government in spiritual matters. -- Free city, ∨ Free town, a city or town independent in its government and franchises, as formerly those of the Hanseatic league. -- Free cost, freedom from charges or expenses. South. -- Free and easy, unconventional; unrestrained; regardless of formalities. [Colloq.] "Sal and her free and easy ways." W. Black. -- Free goods, goods admitted into a country free of duty. -- Free labor, the labor of freemen, as distinguished from that of slaves. -- Free port. (Com.) (a) A port where goods may be received and shipped free of custom duty. (b) A port where goods of all kinds are received from ships of all nations at equal rates of duty. -- Free public house, in England, a tavern not belonging to a brewer, so that the landlord is free to brew his own beer or purchase where he chooses. Simmonds. -- Free school. (a) A school to which pupils are admitted without discrimination and on an equal footing. (b) A school supported by general taxation, by endowmants, etc., where pupils pay nothing for tuition; a public school. -- Free services (O.Eng. Law), such feudal services as were not unbecoming the character of a soldier or a freemen to perform; as, to serve under his lord in war, to pay a sum of money, etc. Burrill. -- Free ships, ships of neutral nations, which in time of war are free from capture even though carrying enemy's goods. -- Free socage (O.Eng. Law), a feudal tenure held by certain services which, though honorable, were not military. Abbott. -- Free States, those of the United States before the Civil War, in which slavery had ceased to exist, or had never existed. -- Free stuff (Carp.), timber free from knots; clear stuff. -- Free thought, that which is thought independently of the authority of others. -- Free trade, commerce unrestricted by duties or tariff regulations. -- Free trader, one who believes in free trade. -- To make free with, to take liberties with; to help one's self to. [Colloq.] -- To sail free (Naut.), to sail with the yards not braced in as sharp as when sailing closehauled, or close to the wind.

Free

Free (?), adv.

1. Freely; willingly. [Obs.]

I as free forgive you As I would be forgiven. Shak.

2. Without charge; as, children admitted free.

Free

Free, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Freeing.] [OE. freen, freoien, AS. fre\'a2gan. See Free, a.]

1. To make free; to set at liberty; to rid of that which confines, limits, embarrasses, oppresses, etc.; to release; to disengage; to clear; -- followed by from, and sometimes by off; as, to free a captive or a slave; to be freed of these inconveniences. Clarendon.

Our land is from the rage of tigers freed. Dryden.
Arise, . . . free thy people from their yoke. Milton.

2. To remove, as something that confines or bars; to relieve from the constraint of.

This master key Frees every lock, and leads us to his person. Dryden.

3. To frank. [Obs.] Johnson.

Freebooter

Free"boot`er (?), n. [D. vrijbuiter, fr. vrijbuiten to plunder; vrij free + buit booty, akin to E. booty. See Free, and Booty, and cf. Filibuster.] One who plunders or pillages without the authority of national warfare; a member of a predatory band; a pillager; a buccaneer; a sea robber. Bacon.

Freebootery

Free"boot`er*y (?), n. The act, practice, or gains of a freebooter; freebooting. Booth.

Freebooting

Free"boot`ing, n. Robbery; plunder; a pillaging.

Freebooting

Free"boot`ing, a. Acting the freebooter; practicing freebootery; robbing.
Your freebooting acquaintance. Sir W. Scott.

Freebooty

Free"boot`y (?), n. Freebootery. [Obs.]

Freeborn

Free"born` (?), a. Born free; not born in vasssalage; inheriting freedom.

Free-denizen

Free"-den`i*zen (?), v. t. To make free. [R.]

Freedman

Freed"man (?), n.; pl. Freedmen (. A man who has been a slave, and has been set free.

Freedom

Free"dom (?), n. [AS. fre\'a2d; fre\'a2free + -dom. See Free, and -dom.]

1. The state of being free; exemption from the power and control of another; liberty; independence.

Made captive, yet deserving freedom more. Milton.

2. Privileges; franchises; immunities.

Your charter and your caty's freedom. Shak.

3. Exemption from necessity, in choise and action; as, the freedom of the will.

4. Ease; facility; as, he speaks or acts with freedom.

5. Frankness; openness; unreservedness.

I emboldened spake and freedom used. Milton.

6. Improper familiarity; violation of the rules of decorum; license.

7. Generosity; liberality. [Obs.] Chaucer. Freedom fine, a sum paid on entry to incorporations of trades. -- Freedom of the city, the possession of the rights and privileges of a freeman of the city; formerly often, and now occasionally, conferred on one not a resident, as a mark of honorary distinction for public services. Syn. -- See Liberty.

Freedstool

Freed"stool` (?), n. [Obs.] See Fridstol.

Free-hand

Free"-hand` (?), a. Done by the hand, without support, or the guidance of instruments; as, free-hand drawing. See under Drawing.

Free-handed

Free"-hand`ed, a. Open-handed; liberal.

Free-hearted

Free"-heart`ed (?), a. Open; frank; unreserved; liberal; generous; as, free-hearted mirth. -- Free"-heart`ed*ly, adv. -- Free"-heart`ed*ness, n.

Freehold

Free"hold` (?), n. (LAw) An estate in real property, of inheritance (in fee simple or fee tail) or for life; or the tenure by which such estate is held. Kent. Burrill. To abate into a freehold. See under Abate.

Freeholder

Free"hold`er (?), n. (Law) The possessor of a freehold.

Free-liver

Free"-liv`er (?), n. One who gratifies his appetites without stint; one given to indulgence in eating and drinking.

Free-living

Free"-liv`ing, n. Unrestrained indulgence of the appetites.

Free-love

Free"-love` (?), n. The doctrine or practice of consorting with the opposite sex, at pleasure, without marriage.

Free-lover

Free"-lov`er, n. One who believes in or practices free-love.

Freelte

Freel"te (?), n. Frailty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Freely

Free"ly, adv. [AS. fre\'a2lice.] In a free manner; without restraint or compulsion; abundantly; gratuitously.
Of every tree of the garden thou mayst freely eat. Gen. ii. 16.
Freely ye have received, freely give. Matt. x. 8.
Freely they stood who stood, and fell who fell. Milton.
Freely we serve Because we freely love. Milton.
Syn. -- Independently; voluntarily; spontaneously; unconditionally; unobstructedly; willingly; readily; liberally; generously; bounteously; munificently; bountifully; abundantly; largely; copiously; plentifully; plenteously.

Freeman

Free"man (?), n.; pl. Freemen (#). [AS. fre\'a2man; fre\'a2free + mann man.]

1. One who enjoys liberty, or who is not subject to the will of another; one not a slave or vassal.

2. A member of a corporation, company, or city, possessing certain privileges; a member of a borough, town, or State, who has the right to vote at elections. See Liveryman. Burrill.

Both having been made freemen on the same day. Addison.

Free-martin

Free"-mar`tin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An imperfect female calf, twinborn with a male.

Freemason

Free"ma`son (?), n. One of an ancient and secret association or fraternity, said to have been at first composed of masons or builders in stone, but now consisting of persons who are united for social enjoyment and mutual assistance.

Freemasonic

Free`ma*son"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the institutions or the practices of freemasons; as, a freemasonic signal.

Freemasonry

Free"ma`son*ry (?), n. The institutions or the practices of freemasons.

Free-milling

Free"-mill`ing (?), a. Yielding free gold or silver; -- said of certain ores which can be reduced by crushing and amalgamation, without roasting or other chemical treatment. Raymond.

Free-minded

Free"-mind`ed (?), a. Not perplexed; having a mind free from care. Bacon.

Freeness

Free"ness, n. The state or quality of being free; freedom; liberty; openness; liberality; gratuitousness.

Freer

Fre"er (?), n. One who frees, or sets free.

Free-soil

Free"-soil` (?), a. Pertaining to, or advocating, the non-extension of slavery; -- esp. applied to a party which was active during the period 1846-1856. [U.S.] -- Free"soil`er (#), n. [U.S.] -- Free"-soil`ism (#), n. [U.S.]

Free-spoken

Free"-spo`ken (?), a. Accustomed to speak without reserve. Bacon. -- Free"-spo`ken-ness, n.

Freestone

Free"stone` (?), n. A stone composed of sand or grit; -- so called because it is easily cut or wrought.

Freestone

Free"stone`, a. Having the flesh readily separating from the stone, as in certain kinds of peaches.

Free-swimming

Free"-swim`ming (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Swimming in the open sea; -- said of certain marine animals.

Freethinker

Free"think`er (?), n. One who speculates or forms opinions independently of the authority of others; esp., in the sphere or religion, one who forms opinions independently of the authority of revelation or of the church; an unbeliever; -- a term assumed by deists and skeptics in the eighteenth century.
Atheist is an old-fashioned word: I'm a freethinker, child. Addison.
Syn. -- Infidel; skeptic; unbeliever. See Infidel.

Freethinking

Free"think`ing, n. Undue boldness of speculation; unbelief. Berkeley. -- a. Exhibiting undue boldness of speculation; skeptical.

Free-tongued

Free"-tongued` (?), a. Speaking without reserve. Bp. Hall.

Free will

Free will (?).

1. A will free from improper coercion or restraint.

To come thus was I not constrained, but did On my free will. Shak.

2. The power asserted of moral beings of willing or choosing without the restraints of physical or absolute necessity.

Freewill

Free"will` (?), a. Of or pertaining to free will; voluntary; spontaneous; as, a freewill offering. Frewill Baptists. See under Baptist.

Freezable

Freez"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being frozen.

Freeze

Freeze (?), n. (Arch.) A frieze. [Obs.]

Freeze

Freeze, v. i. [imp. Froze (?); p. p. Frozen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Freezing.] [OE. fresen, freosen, AS. fre\'a2san; akin to D. vriezen, OHG. iosan, G. frieren, Icel. frjsa, Sw. frysa, Dan. fryse, Goth. frius cold, frost, and prob. to L. prurire to itch, E. prurient, cf. L. prna a burning coal, pruina hoarfrost, Skr. prushv\'be ice, prush to spirt. Frost.]

1. To become congealed by cold; to be changed from a liquid to a solid state by the abstraction of heat; to be hardened into ice or a like solid body. &hand; Water freezes at 32° above zero by Fahrenheit's thermometer; mercury freezes at 40° below zero.

2. To become chilled with cold, or as with cold; to suffer loss of animation or life by lack of heat; as, the blood freezes in the veins. To freeze up (Fig.), to become formal and cold in demeanor. [Colloq.]

Freeze

Freeze, v. t.

1. To congeal; to harden into ice; to convert from a fluid to a solid form by cold, or abstraction of heat.

2. To cause loss of animation or life in, from lack of heat; to give the sensation of cold to; to chill.

A faint, cold fear runs through my veins, That almost freezes up the heat of life. Shak.

Freeze

Freeze, n. The act of congealing, or the state of being congealed. [Colloq.]

Freezer

Freez"er (?), n. One who, or that which, cools or freezes, as a refrigerator, or the tub and can used in the process of freezing ice cream.

Freezing

Freez"ing, a. Tending to freeze; for freezing; hence, cold or distant in manner. -- Frrez"ing*ly, adv. Freezing machine. See Ice machine, under Ice. -- Freezing mixture, a mixture (of salt and snow or of chemical salts) for producing intense cold. -- Freezing point, that degree of a thermometer at which a fluid begins to freeze; -- applied particularly to water, whose freezing point is at 32° Fahr., and at 0° Centigrade.

Freieslebenite

Frei"es*le`ben*ite (?), n. [Named after the German chemist Freiesleben.] A sulphide of antimony, lead, and silver, occuring in monoclinic crystals.

Freight

Freight (?), n. [F. fret, OHG. fr merit, reward. See Fraught, n.]

1. That with which anything in fraught or laden for transportation; lading; cargo, especially of a ship, or a car on a railroad, etc.; as, a freight of cotton; a full freight.


Page 595

2. (Law) (a) The sum paid by a party hiring a ship or part of a ship for the use of what is thus hired. (b) The price paid a common carrier for the carriage of goods. Wharton.

3. Freight transportation, or freight line.

Freight

Freight (?), a. Employed in the transportation of freight; having to do with freight; as, a freight car. Freight agent, a person employed by a transportation company to receive, forward, or deliver goods. -- Freight car. See under Car. -- Freight train, a railroad train made up of freight cars; -- called in England goods train.

Freight

Freight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Freighting.] [Cf. F. freter.] To load with goods, as a ship, or vehicle of any kind, for transporting them from one place to another; to furnish with freight; as, to freight a ship; to freight a car.

Freightage

Freight"age (?), n.

1. Charge for transportation; expense of carriage.

2. The transportation of freight.

3. Freight; cargo; lading. Milton.

Freighter

Freight"er (?), n.

1. One who loads a ship, or one who charters and loads a ship.

2. One employed in receiving and forwarding freight.

3. One for whom freight is transported.

4. A vessel used mainly to carry freight.

Freightless

Freight"less, a. Destitute of freight.

Frelte

Frel"te (?), n. Frailty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fremd, Fremed

Fremd (?), Frem"ed (?) a. [OE., from AS. fremede, fremde; akin to G. fremd.] Strange; foreign. [Old Eng. & Scot.] Chaucer.

Fren

Fren (?), n. [OE. frenne, contr. fr. forrene foreign. See Foreign, a.] A stranger. [Obs.] Spenser.

French

French (?), a. [AS. frencisc, LL. franciscus, from L. Francus a Frank: cf. OF. franceis, franchois, fran, F. franFrank, a., and cf. Frankish.] Of or pertaining to France or its inhabitants. French bean (Bot.), the common kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). -- French berry (Bot.), the berry of a species of buckthorn (Rhamnus catharticus), which affords a saffron, green or purple pigment. -- French casement (Arch.) See French window, under Window. -- French chalk (Min.), a variety of granular talc; -- used for drawing lines on cloth, etc. See under Chalk. -- French cowslip (Bot.) The Primula Auricula. See Bear's-ear. -- French fake (Naut.), a mode of coiling a rope by running it backward and forward in parallel bends, so that it may run freely. -- French honeysuckle (Bot.) a plant of the genus Hedysarum (H. coronarium); -- called also garland honeysuckle. -- French horn, a metallic wind instrument, consisting of a long tube twisted into circular folds and gradually expanding from the mouthpiece to the end at which the sound issues; -- called in France cor de chasse. -- French leave, an informal, hasty, or secret departure; esp., the leaving a place without paying one's debts. -- French pie [French (here used in sense of "foreign") + pie a magpie (in allusion to its black and white color)] (Zo\'94l.), the European great spotted woodpecker (Dryobstes major); -- called also wood pie. -- French polish. (a) A preparation for the surface of woodwork, consisting of gums dissolved in alcohol, either shellac alone, or shellac with other gums added. (b) The glossy surface produced by the application of the above. -- French purple, a dyestuff obtained from lichens and used for coloring woolen and silken fabrics, without the aid of mordants. Ure. -- French red rouge. -- French rice, amelcorn. -- French roof (Arch.), a modified form of mansard roof having a nearly flat deck for the upper slope. -- French tub, a dyer's mixture of protochloride of tin and logwood; -- called also plum tub. Ure. -- French window. See under Window.

French

French, n.

1. The language spoken in France.

2. Collectively, the people of France.

Frenchify

French"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frenchified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frenchifying.] [French + -fy.] To make French; to infect or imbue with the manners or tastes of the French; to Gallicize. Burke.

Frenchism

French"ism (?), n. A French mode or characteristic; an idiom peculiar to the French language. Earle.

Frenchman

French"man (?), n.; pl. Frenchmen (. A native or one of the people of France.

Frenetir

Fre*net"ir (?), a. [See Frantic, a.] Distracted; mad; frantic; phrenetic. Milton.

Frenetical

Fre*net"ic*al (?), a. Frenetic; frantic; frenzied. -- Frenet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Frenum

Fre"num (?), n.; pl. E. Frenums (#), L. Frena (#). [L., a bridle.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A cheek stripe of color.

2. (Anat.) Same as Fr\'91num.

Frenzical

Fren"zi*cal (?), a. Frantic. [Obs.] Orrery.

Frenzied

Fren"zied (?), p. p. & a. Affected with frenzy; frantic; maddened. -- Fren"zied-ly, adv.
The people frenzied by centuries of oppression. Buckle.
Up starting with a frenzied look. Sir W Scott.

Frenzy

Fren"zy (?), n.; pl. Frenzies (#). [OE. frenesie, fransey, F. fr\'82n\'82sie, L. phrenesis, fr. Gr. Frantic, Phrenitis.] Any violent agitation of the mind approaching to distraction; violent and temporary derangement of the mental faculties; madness; rage.
All else is towering frenzy and distraction. Addison.
The poet's eye in a fine frenzy rolling. Shak.
Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangment; alienation; aberration; delirium. See Insanity.

Frenzy

Fren"zy, a. Mad; frantic. [R.]
They thought that some frenzy distemper had got into his head. Bunyan.

Frenzy

Fren"zy, v. t. To affect with frenzy; to drive to madness [R.] "Frenzying anguish." Southey.

Frequence

Fre"quence (?), n. [See Frequency.]

1. A crowd; a throng; a concourse. [Archaic.] Tennyson.

2. Frequency; abundance. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Frequency

Fre"quen*cy (?), n.; pl. Frequencies (#). [L. frequentia numerous attendance, multitude: cf. F. fr\'82quence. See Frequent.]

1. The condition of returning frequently; occurrence often repeated; common occurence; as, the frequency of crimes; the frequency of miracles.

The reasons that moved her to remove were, because Rome was a place of riot and luxury, her soul being almost stifled with, the frequencies of ladies' visits. Fuller.

2. A crowd; a throng. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Frequent

Fre"quent (?), a. [L. frequens, -entis, crowded, frequent, akin to farcire to stuff: cf. F. fr\'82quent. Cf. Farce, n.]

1. Often to be met with; happening at short intervals; often repeated or occurring; as, frequent visits. "Frequent feudal towers." Byron.

2. Addicted to any course of conduct; inclined to indulge in any practice; habitual; persistent.

He has been loud and frequent in declaring himself hearty for the government. Swift.

3. Full; crowded; thronged. [Obs.]

'T is C\'91sar's will to have a frequent senate. B. Jonson.

4. Often or commonly reported. [Obs.]

'T is frequent in the city he hath subdued The Catti and the Daci. Massinger.

Frequent

Fre*quent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frequented; p. pr. & vb. n. Frequenting.] [L. frequentare: cf. F. fr\'82quenter. See Frequent, a.]

1. To visit often; to resort to often or habitually.

He frequented the court of Augustus. Dryden.

2. To make full; to fill. [Obs.]

With their sighs the air Frequenting, sent from hearts contrite. Milton.

Frequentable

Fre*quent"a*ble (?), a. Accessible. [R.] Sidney.

Frequentage

Fre*quent"age (?), n. The practice or habit of frequenting. [R.] Southey.

Frequentation

Fre"quen*ta"tion (?), n. [L. frequentatio a crowding together, frequency: cf. F. fr\'82quentation.] The act or habit of frequenting or visiting often; resort. Chesterfield.

Frequentative

Fre*quent"a*tive (?), a. [L. frequentativus: cf. F. fr\'82quentatif.] (Gram.) Serving to express the frequent repetition of an action; as, a frequentative verb. -- n. A frequentative verb.

Frequenter

Fre*quent*er (?), n. One who frequents; one who often visits, or resorts to customarily.

Frequently

Fre*quent*ly (?), adv. At frequent or short intervals; many times; often; repeatedly; commonly.

Frequentness

Fre"quent*ness, n. The quality of being frequent.

Fr\'8are

Fr\'8are (?), n. [F. See Friar.] A friar. Chaucer.

Frescade

Fres"cade (?), n. [See Fresco, Fresh, a.] A cool walk; shady place. [R.] Maunder.

Fresco

Fres"co (?), n.; pl. Frescoes or Frescos (#). [It., fr. fresco fresh; of German origin. See Fresh, a.]

1. A cool, refreshing state of the air; duskiness; coolness; shade. [R.] Prior.

2. (Fine Arts) (a) The art of painting on freshly spread plaster, before it dries. (b) In modern parlance, incorrectly applied to painting on plaster in any manner. (c) A painting on plaster in either of senses a and b.

Fresco

Fres"co, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frescoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frescoing.] To paint in fresco, as walls.

Fresh

Fresh (?), a. [Compar. Fresher (; superl. Freshest.] [OE. fresch, AS. fersc; akin to D. versch, G. frisch, OHG. frisc, Sw. frisk, Dan. frisk, fersk, Icel. fr frisky, brisk, ferskr fresh; cf. It. fresco, OF. fres, freis, fem. freske, fresche, F. frais, fem. fra, which are of German origin. Cf. Fraischeur, Fresco, Frisk.]

1. Possessed of original life and vigor; new and strong; unimpaired; sound.

2. New; original; additional. "Fear of fresh mistakes." Sir W. Scott.

A fresh pleasure in every fresh posture of the limbs. Landor.

3. Lately produced, gathered, or prepared for market; not stale; not dried or preserved; not wilted, faded, or tainted; in good condition; as, fresh vegetables, flowers, eggs, meat, fruit, etc.; recently made or obtained; occurring again; repeated; as, a fresh supply of goods; fresh tea, raisins, etc.; lately come or made public; as, fresh news; recently taken from a well or spring; as, fresh water.

4. Youthful; florid; as, these fresh nymphs. Shak.

5. In a raw, green, or untried state; uncultivated; uncultured; unpracticed; as, a fresh hand on a ship.

6. Renewed in vigor, alacrity, or readiness for action; as, fresh for a combat; hence, tending to renew in vigor; rather strong; cool or brisk; as, a fresh wind.

7. Not salt; as, fresh water, in distinction from that which is from the sea, or brackish; fresh meat, in distinction from that which is pickled or salted. Fresh breeze (Naut.), a breeze between a moderate and a strong breeze; one blowinq about twenty miles an hour. -- Fresh gale, a gale blowing about forty-five miles an hour. -- Fresh way (Naut.), increased speed. Syn. -- Sound; unimpaired; recent; unfaded: ruddy; florid; sweet; good: inexperienced; unpracticed: unused; lively; vigorous; strong.

Fresh

Fresh, n.; pl. Freshes (.

1. A stream or spring of fresh water.

He shall drink naught but brine; for I'll not show him Where the quick freshes are. Shak.

2. A flood; a freshet. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

3. The mingling of fresh water with salt in rivers or bays, as by means of a flood of fresh water flowing toward or into the sea. Beverly.

Fresh

Fresh, v. t. To refresh; to freshen. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Freshen

Fresh"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Freshened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Freshening (?)]

1. To make fresh; to separate, as water, from saline ingredients; to make less salt; as, to freshen water, fish, or flesh. <-- "less *salt*" is in original; also, below "to lose saltness" -->

2. To refresh; to revive. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. (Naut.) To relieve, as a rope, by change of place where friction wears it; or to renew, as the material used to prevent chafing; as, to freshen a hawse. Totten. To freshen ballast (Naut.), to shift Or restore it. -- To freshen the hawse, to pay out a little more cable, so as to bring the chafe on another part. -- To freshen the way, to increase the speed of a vessel. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Freshen

Fresh"en (?), v. i.

1. To grow fresh; to lose saltness.

2. To grow brisk or strong; as, the wind freshens.

Freshet

Fresh"et (?), n. [OE. fresche flood + -et. See Fresh, a.]

1. A stream of fresh water. [Obs.] Milton.

2. A flood or overflowing of a stream caused by heavy rains or melted snow; a sudden inundation.

Cracked the sky, as ice in rivers When the freshet is at highest. Longfellow.

Freshly

Fresh"ly, adv. In a fresh manner; vigorously; newly, recently; brightly; briskly; coolly; as, freshly gathered; freshly painted; the wind blows freshly.
Looks he as freshly as he did? Shak.

Freshman

Fresh"man (?), n.; pl. Freshmen (. novice; one in the rudiments of knowledge; especially, a student during his fist year in a college or university.
He drank his glass and cracked his joke, And freshmen wondered as he spoke. Goldsmith.
Freshman class, the lowest of the four classes in an American college. [ U. S.]

Freshmanship

Fresh"man*ship, n. The state of being a freshman.

Freshment

Fresh"ment (?), n. Refreshment. [Obs.]

Freshness

Fresh"ness, n. The state of being fresh.
The Scots had the advantage both for number and freshness of men. Hayward.
And breathe the freshness of the open air. Dryden.
Her cheeks their freshness lose and wonted grace. Granville.

Fresh-new

Fresh"-new` (?), a. Unpracticed. [Obs.] Shak.

Fresh-water

Fresh"-wa`ter (?), a.

1. Of, pertaining to, or living in, water not salt; as, fresh-water geological deposits; a fresh-water fish; fresh-water mussels.

2. Accustomed to sail on fresh water only; unskilled as a seaman; as, a fresh-water sailor.

3. Unskilled; raw. [Colloq.] "Fresh-water soldiers." Knolles.

Fresnel lamp, Fres'nel' lan'tern

Fres`nel" lamp" (?), Fres'nel' lan'tern (?). [From Fresnel the inventor, a French physicist.] A lantern having a lamp surrounded by a hollow cylindrical Fresnel lens.

Fresnel lens

Fres`nel" lens" (?). [See Fresnel lamp.] (Optics) See under Lens.

Fret

Fret (?), n. [Obs.] See 1st Frith.

Fret

Fret (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fretted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fretting.] [OE. freten to eat, consume; AS. fretan, for foretan; pref. for- + etan to eat; akin to D. vreten, OHG. frezzan, G. fressen, Sw. fr\'84ta, Goth. fra-itan. See For, and Eat, v. t.]

1. To devour. [Obs.]

The sow frete the child right in the cradle. Chaucer.

2. To rub; to wear away by friction; to chafe; to gall; hence, to eat away; to gnaw; as, to fret cloth; to fret a piece of gold or other metal; a worm frets the plants of a ship.

With many a curve my banks I fret. Tennyson.

3. To impair; to wear away; to diminish.

By starts His fretted fortunes give him hope and fear. Shak.

4. To make rough, agitate, or disturb; to cause to ripple; as, to fret the surface of water.

5. To tease; to irritate; to vex.

Fret not thyself because of evil doers. Ps. xxxvii. 1.

Fret

Fret, v. i.

1. To be worn away; to chafe; to fray; as, a wristband frets on the edges.

2. To eat in; to make way by corrosion.

Many wheals arose, and fretted one into another with great excoriation. Wiseman.

3. To be agitated; to be in violent commotion; to rankle; as, rancor frets in the malignant breast.

4. To be vexed; to be chafed or irritated; to be angry; to utter peevish expressions.

He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. Dryden.

Fret

Fret, n.

1. The agitation of the surface of a fluid by fermentation or other cause; a rippling on the surface of water. Addison.

2. Agitation of mind marked by complaint and impatience; disturbance of temper; irritation; as, he keeps his mind in a continual fret.

Yet then did Dennis rave in furious fret. Pope.

3. Herpes; tetter. Dunglison.

4. pl. (Mining) The worn sides of river banks, where ores, or stones containing them, accumulate by being washed down from the hills, and thus indicate to the miners the locality of the veins.

Fret

Fret, v. t. [OE. fretten to adorn, AS. fr\'91twan, fr\'91twian; akin to OS. fratah, cf. Goth. us-fratwjan to make wise, also AS. fr\'91twe ornaments, OS. fratah\'c6 adornment.] To ornament with raised work; to variegate; to diversify.
Whose skirt with gold was fretted all about. Spenser.
Yon gray lines, That fret the clouds, are messengers of day. Shak.

Fret

Fret, n.

1. Ornamental work in relief, as carving or embossing. See Fretwork.

2. (Arch.) An ornament consisting of smmall fillets or slats intersecting each other or bent at right angles, as in classical designs, or at obilique angles, as often in Oriental art.

His lady's cabinet is a adorned on the fret, ceiling, and chimney-piece with . . . carving. Evelyn.

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3. The reticulated headdress or net, made of gold or silver wire, in which ladies in the Middle Ages confined their hair.

A fret of gold she had next her hair. Chaucer.
Fret saw, a saw with a long, narrow blade, used in cutting frets, scrolls, etc.; a scroll saw; a keyhole saw; a compass saw.

Fret

Fret (?), n. [F. frette a saltire, also a hoop, ferrule, prob. a dim. of L. ferrum iron. For sense 2, cf. also E. fret to rub.]

1. (Her.) A saltire interlaced with a mascle.

2. (Mus.) A short piece of wire, or other material fixed across the finger board of a guitar or a similar instrument, to indicate where the finger is to be placed.

Fret

Fret, v. t. To furnish with frets, as an instrument of music.

Fretful

Fret"ful (?), a. [See 2d Fret.] Disposed to fret; ill-humored; peevish; angry; in a state of vexation; as, a fretful temper. -- Fret"ful-ly, adv. -- Fret"ful-ness, n. Syn. -- Peevish; ill-humored; ill-natured; irritable; waspish; captious; petulant; splenetic; spleeny; passionate; angry. -- Fretful, Peevish, Cross. These words all indicate an unamiable working and expression of temper. Peevish marks more especially the inward spirit: a peevish man is always ready to find fault. Fretful points rather to the outward act, and marks a complaining impatience: sickly children are apt to be fretful. Crossness is peevishness mingled with vexation or anger.

Frett

Frett (?), n. [See 2d Fret.] (Mining) The worn side of the bank of a river. See 4th Fret, n., 4.

Frett

Frett, n. [See Frit.] A vitreous compound, used by potters in glazing, consisting of lime, silica, borax, lead, and soda.

Fretted

Fret"ted (?), p. p. & a. [From 2d Fret.]

1. Rubbed or worn away; chafed.

2. Agitated; vexed; worried.

Fretted

Fret"ted, p. p. & a. [See 5th Fret.]

1. Ornamented with fretwork; furnished with frets; variegated; made rough on the surface.

2. (Her.) Interlaced one with another; -- said of charges and ordinaries.

Fretten

Fret"ten (?), a. [The old p. p. of fret to rub.] Rubbed; marked; as, pock-fretten, marked with the smallpox. [Obs.] Wright.

Fretter

Fret"ter (?), n. One who, or that which, frets.

Fretty

Fret"ty, a. [See 5th Fret.] Adorned with fretwork.

Fretum

Fre"tum (?), n.; pl. Freta (#). [L.] A strait, or arm of the sea.

Fretwork

Fret"work (?), n. [6th fret + work.] Work adorned with frets; ornamental openwork or work in relief, esp. when elaborate and minute in its parts. Heuce, any minute play of light andshade, dark and light, or the like.
Banqueting on the turf in the fretwork of shade and sunshine. Macaulay.

Freya

Frey"a (?), n. [Icel. Freyja.] (Scand. Myth.) The daughter of Nj\'94rd, aud goddess of love and beauty; the Scandinavian Venus; -- in Teutonic myths confounded with Frigga, but in Scandinavian, distinct. [Written also Frea, Fraying, and Ereyja.]

Friabiiity

Fri"a*bii"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. friabilit\'82.] The quality of being friable; friableness. Locke.

Friable

Fri"a*ble (?), a. [friabilis
, fr. friare to rub, break, or crumble into small pieces, cf. fricare to rub, E. fray. cf. F. friable.) Easily crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder. "Friable ground." Evelyn. "Soft and friable texture." Paley. -- Fri'a-ble-ness, n.

Friar

Fri"ar (?), n. [OR. frere, F. fr\'8are brother, friar, fr. L. frater brother. See Brother.]

1. (R. C. Ch.) A brother or member of any religious order, but especially of one of the four mendicant orders, viz: (a) Minors, Gray Friars, or Franciscans. (b) Augustines. (c) Dominicans or Black Friars. (d) White Friars or Carmelites. See these names in the Vocabulary.

2. (Print.) A white or pale patch on a printed page.

3. (Zo\'94l.) An American fish; the silversides. Friar bird (Zo\'94l.), an Australian bird (Tropidorhynchus corniculatus), having the head destitute of feathers; -- called also coldong, leatherhead, pimlico; poor soldier, and four-o'clock. The name is also applied to several other species of the same genus. -- Friar's balsam (Med.), a stimulating application for wounds and ulcers, being an alcoholic solution of benzoin, styrax, tolu balsam, and aloes; compound tincture of benzoin. Brande & C. -- Friar's cap (Bot.), the monkshood. -- Friar's cowl (Bot.), an arumlike plant (Arisarum vulgare) with a spathe or involucral leaf resembling a cowl. -- Friar's lantern, the ignis fatuus or Will-o'-the-wisp. Milton. -- Friar skate (Zo\'94l.), the European white or sharpnosed skate (Raia alba); -- called also Burton skate, border ray, scad, and doctor.

Friarly

Fri"ar*ly, a. Like a friar; inexperienced. Bacon.

Friary

Fri"ar*y (?), a. [From Friar, n.] Like a friar; pertaining to friars or to a convent. [Obs.] Camden.

Friary

Fri"ar*y, n. [OF. frerie, frairie, fr. fr\'8are. See Friar.]

1. A monastery; a convent of friars. Drugdale.

2. The institution or praactices of friars. Fuller.

Friation

Fri*a"tion (?), n. [See Friable.] The act of breaking up or pulverizing.

Frible

Frib"le (?), a. [Cf. F. frivole, L. frivolus, or E. frippery.] Frivolous; trifling; sily.

Fribble

Frib"ble, n. A frivolous, contemptible fellow; a fop.
A pert fribble of a peer. Thackeray.

Fribble

Frib"ble, v. i.

1. To act in a trifling or foolish manner; to act frivolously.

The fools that are fribbling round about you. Thackeray.

2. To totter. [Obs.]

Fribbler

Frib"bler (?), n. A trifler; a fribble.

Fribbling

Frib"bling (?), a. Frivolous; trining; toolishly captious.

Friborg, Friborgh

Fri"borg , Fri"borgh (?), n. [AS. fri, lit., peace PLAGE; fri peace + borh, borg, pledge, akin to E. borrow. The first part of the word was confused with free, the last part, with borough.] (Old Eng. Law) The pledge and tithing, afterwards called by the Normans frankpledge. See Frankpledge. [Written also friburgh and fribourg.] Burril.

Fricace

Fric"ace (?), n. [See Fricassee.]

1. Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce. [Obs.] King.

2. An unguent; also, the act of rubbing with the unguent.

Fricandeau, Fricando

Fri"can`deau` (?), Fric"*an*do (, n. [F. fricandeau; cf. Sp. fricand\'a2.] A ragout or fricassee of veal; a fancy dish of veal or of boned turkey, served as an entr\'82e, -- called also fricandel. A. J. Cooley.

Fricassee

Fric"as*see` (?), n. [F. fricass\'82e, fr. fricasser to fry, fricassee; cf. LL. fricare, perh. for frictare, fricare, frictum, to rub. Cf. Fry, Friction.] A dish made of fowls, veal, or other meat of small animals cut into pieces, and stewed in a gravy.<-- (cooking) -->

Frlcassee

Frlc"as*see`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fricassed (?); p. pr. &. vb. n. Fricasseeing.] To dress like a fricassee.

Frication

Fri*ca"tion (?), n. [L. fricatio, fr. fricare, fricatum, to rub. ] Friction. [Obs.] Bacon.

Fricative

Fric"a*tive (?), a. [See Frication.] (Phon.) Produced by the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated, through a narrow opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered through a close approach, but not with a complete closure, of the organs of articulation, and hence capable of being continued or prolonged; -- said of certain consonantal sounds, as f, v, s, z, etc. -- n. A fricative consonant letter or sound. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 197-206, etc.

Fricatrice

Fric"a*trice (?), n. [Cf. L. frictrix, fr. fricare to rub.] A lewd woman; a harlot. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Frickle

Fric"kle (?), n. A bushel basket. [Obs.]

Ftiction

Ftic"tion (?), n. [L. frictio, fr. fricare, frictum,to rub: cf. F. friction. See Fray to rub, arid cf. Dentifrice.]

1. The act of rubbing the surface of one body against that of another; attrition; in hygiene, the act of rubbing the body with the hand, with flannel, or with a brush etc., to excite the skin to healthy action.

2. (Mech.) The resistance which a body meets with from the surface on which it moves. It may be resistance to sliding motion, or to rolling motion.

3. A clashing between two persons or parties in opinions or work; a disagreement tending to prevent or retard progress. Angle of friction (Mech.), the angle which a plane onwhich a body is lying makes with a horizontal plane,when the hody is just ready to slide dewn the plane. This angle varies for different bodies, and for planes of different materials. -- Anti-friction wheels (Mach.), wheels turning freely on small pivots, and sustaining, at the angle formed by their circumferences, the pivot or journal of a revolving shaft, to relieve it of friction; -- called also friction wheels. -- Friction balls, or Friction rollers, balls or rollers placed so as to receive the pressure or weight of bodies in motion, and relieve friction, as in the hub of a bicycle wheel. -- Friction brake (Mach.), a form of dynamometer for measuring the power a motor exerts. A clamp around the revolving shaft or fly wheel of the motor resists the motion by its friction, the work thus absorbed being ascertained by observing the force required to keep the clamp from revolving with the shaft; a Prony brake. -- Friction chocks, brakes attached to the common standing garrison carriages of guns, so as to raise the trucks or wheels off the platform when the gun begins to recoil, and prevent its running back. Earrow. -- Friction clutch, Friction coupling, an engaging and disengaging gear for revolving shafts, pulleys, etc., acting by friction; esp.: (a) A device in which a piece on one shaft or pulley is so forcibly pressed against a piece on another shaft that the two will revolve together; as, in the illustration, the cone a on one shaft, when thrust forcibly into the corresponding hollow cone b on the other shaft, compels the shafts to rotate together, by the hold the friction of the conical surfaces gives. (b) A toothed clutch, one member of which, instead of being made fast on its shaft, is held by friction and can turn, by slipping, under excessive strain or in starting. -- Friction drop hammer, one in which the hammer is raised for striking by the friction of revolving rollers which nip the hammer rod. -- Friction gear. See Frictional gearing, under Frictional. -- Friction machine, an electrical machine, generating electricity by friction. -- Friction meter, an instrument for measuring friction, as in testing lubricants. -- Friction powder, Friction composition, a composition of chlorate of potassium, antimony, sulphide, etc, which readily ignites by friction. -- Friction primer, Friction tube, a tube used for firing cannon by means of the friction of a roughened wire in the friction powder or composition with which the tube is filled -- Friction wheel (Mach.), one of the wheels in frictional gearing. See under Frictional.

Frictional

Fric"tion*al (?), a. Relating to friction; moved by friction; produced by friction; as, frictional electricity. Frictional gearing, wheels which transmit motion by surface friction instead of teeth. The faces are sometimes made more or less V-shaped to increase or decrease friction, as required.

Frictionless

Fric"tion*less, a. Having no friction.

Friday

Fri"day (?), n. [AS. friged\'91g, fr. Frigu, the gooddes of marriage; friqu love + d\'91g day; cf. Icel. Frigg name of a goddess, the wife of Odin or Wodan, OHG. Fr\'c6atag, Isel. Frj\'bedagr. AS. frigu is prob. from the root of E. friend, free. See Free, and Day.] The sixth day of the week, following Thursday and preceding Saturday.

Fridge

Fridge (?), v. t. [AS. frician to dance, from free bold. Cf. Freak, n.] To rub; to fray. [Obs.] Sterne.

Fridstol, Frithstool

Frid"stol` (?), Frith`stool" (?), n. [AS. fril. See Fred, and Stool.] A seat in churches near the altar, to which offenders formerly fled for sanctuary. [Written variously fridstool, freedstool, etc.] [Obs.]

Fried

Fried (?), imp. & p. p. of Fry.

Friend

Friend (?), n. [OR. frend, freond, AS. fre\'a2nd, prop. p. pr. of fre\'a2n, fre\'a2gan, to love; akin to D. vriend friend, OS. friund friend, friohan to love, OHG. friunt friend, G. freund, Icel. fr\'91ndi kinsman, Sw. fr\'84nde. Goth. frij friend, frij to love. &root;83. See Free, and cf. Fiend.]

1. One who entertains for another suo

Want gives to know the flatterer from the friend. Dryden.
A friend that sticketh closer than a brother. Prov. xviii. 24.

2. One not inimical or hostile; one not a foe or enemy; also, one of the same nation, party, kin, etc., whose friendly feelings may be assumed. The word is some times used as a term of friendly address.

Friend, how camest thou in hither? Matt. xxii. 12.

3. One who looks propitiously on a cause, an institution, a project, and the like; a favorer; a promoter; as, a friend to commerce, to poetry, to an institution.

4. One of a religious sect characterized by disuse of outward rites and an ordained ministry, by simplicity of dress and speech, and esp. by opposition to war and a desire to live at peace with all men. They are popularly called Quakers.

America was first visited by Friends in 1656. T. Chase.

5. A paramour of either sex. [Obs.] Shak. A friend at court ∨ in court, one disposed to act as a friend in a place of special opportunity or influence. -- To be friends with, to have friendly relations with. "He's . . . friends with C\'91sar." Shak. -- To make friends with, to become reconciled to or on friendly terms with. "Having now made friends with the Athenians." Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Friend

Friend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Friended; p. pr, & vb. n. Friending.] To act as the friend of; to favor; to countenance; to befriend. [Obs.]
Fortune friends the bold. Spenser.

Friended

Friend"ed, a.

1. Having friends; [Obs.]

2. Iuclined to love; well-disposed. [Obs.] Shak.

Friending

Friend"ing, n. Friendliness. [Obs.] Shak.

Friendless

Friend"less, a. [AS. fre\'a2ndle\'a0s.] Destitute of friends; forsaken. -- Friend"less*ness, n.

Friendlily

Friend"li*ly (?), adv. In a friendly manner. Pope.

Friendliness

Friend"li*ness, n. The condition or quality of being friendly. Sir P. Sidney.

Friendly

Friend"ly, a. [AS. fre\'82ndl&imac;ce.]

1. Having the temper and disposition of a friend; disposed to promote the good of another; kind; favorable.

2. Appropriate to, or implying, friendship; befitting friends; amicable.

In friendly relations with his moderate opponents. Macaulay.

3. Not hostile; as, a friendly power or state.

4. Promoting the good of any person; favorable; propitious; serviceable; as, a friendly breeze or gale.

On the first friendly bank he throws him down. Addison.
Syn. -- Amicable; kind; conciliatory; propitious; favorable. See Amicable.

Friendly

Friend"ly, adv. In the manner of friends; amicably; like friends. [Obs.] Shak.
In whom all graces that can perfect beauty Are friendly met. Beau. & Fl.

Friendship

Friend"ship, n. [AS. fre\'a2ndscipe. See Friend, and -ship.]

1. The state of being friends; friendly relation, or attachment, to a person, or between persons; affection arising from mutual esteem and good will; friendliness; amity; good will.

There is little friendship in the world. Bacon.
There can be no friendship without confidence, and no confidence without integrity. Rambler.
Preferred by friendship, and not chosen by sufficiency. Spenser.

2. Kindly aid; help; assistance, [Obs.]

Some friendship will it [a hovel] lend you gainst the tempest. Shak.

3. Aptness to unite; conformity; affinity; harmony; correspondence. [Obs.]

Those colors . . . have a friendship with each other. Dryden.

Frier

Fri"er (?), n. One who fries.

Friese

Friese (?), n. Same as Friesic, n.

Friesic

Fries"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province in the northern part of the Netherlands.

Friesic

Fries"ic, n. The language of the Frisians, a Teutonic people formerly occupying a large part of the coast of Holland and Northwestern Germany. The modern dialects of Friesic are spoken chiefly in the province of Friesland, and on some of the islands near the coast of Germany and Denmark.

Friesish

Fries"ish, a. Friesic. [R.]

Frieze

Frieze (?), n. [Perh. the same word as frieze a, kind of cloth. Cf. Friz.] (Arch.) (a) That part of the entablature of an order which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, either uniform or broken by triglyphs, and often enriched with figures and other ornaments of sculpture. (b) Any sculptured or richly ornamented band in a building or, by extension, in rich pieces of furniture. See Illust. of Column.
Cornice or frieze with bossy sculptures graven. Milton.

Frieze

Frieze (?), n. [F. frise, perh. originally a woolen cloth or stuff from Friesland (F. Frise); cf. LL. frisii panni and frissatus pannus, a shaggy woolen cloth, F. friser to friz, curl. Cf. Friz.] A kind of coarse woolen cloth or stuff with a shaggy or tufted (friezed) nap on one side. "Robes of frieze." Goldsmith.

Frieze

Frieze, v. t. To make a nap on (cloth); to friz. See Friz, v. t.,

2. Friezing machine, a machine for friezing cloth; a friezing machine.


Page 597

Friezed

Friezed (?), a. Gathered, or having the map gathered, into little tufts, knots, or protuberances. Cf. Frieze, v. t., and Friz, v. t.,

2.

Friezer

Frie"zer (?), n. One who, or that which, friezes or frizzes.

Frigate

Frig"ate (?), n. [F. fr\'82gate, It. fregata, prob. contracted fr. L. fabricata something constructed or. built. See Fabricate.]

1. Originally, a vessel of the Mediterranean propelled by sails and by oars. The French, about 1650, transferred the name to larger vessels, and by 1750 it had been appropriated for a class of war vessels intermediate between corvettes and ships of the line. Frigates, from about 1750 to 1850, had one full battery deck and, often, a spar deck with a lighter battery. They carried sometimes as many as fifty guns. After the application of steam to navigation steam frigates of largely increased size and power were built, and formed the main part of the navies of the world till about 1870, when the introduction of ironclads superseded them. [Formerly spelled frigat and friggot.]

2. Any small vessel on the water. [Obs.] Spenser. Frigate bird (Zo\'94l.), a web-footed rapacious bird, of the genus Fregata; -- called also man-of-war bird, and frigate pelican. Two species are known; that of the Southern United States and West Indies is F. aquila. They are remarkable for their long wings and powerful flight. Their food consists of fish which they obtain by robbing gulls, terns, and other birds, of their prey. They are related to the pelicans. -- Frigate mackerel (Zo\'94l.), an oceanic fish (Auxis Rochei) of little or no value as food, often very abundant off the coast of the United States. -- Frigate pelican. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Frigate bird.

Frigate-built

Frig"ate-built" (?), a. (Naut.) Built like a frigate with a raised quarter-deck and forecastle.

Frigatoon

Frig"a*toon` (?), n. [It. fregatone: cf. F.fr\'82gaton. See Frigate.] (Naut.) A Venetian vessel, with a square stern, having only a mainmast, jigger mast, and bowsprit; also a sloop of war ship-rigged.

Frigefaction

Frig"e*fac`tion (?), n. [L. frigere to be cold + facere to make.] The act of making cold. [Obs.]

Frigefactive

Frig"e*fac`tive (?), a. Cooling. [Obs.] Boyle.

Frigerate

Frig"er*ate (?), e. t. [L. frigerare, fr. frigus cold.] To make cool. [Obs.] Blount.

Frigg, Frigga

Frigg (?), Frig"ga (?) n. [Icel. Frigg. See Friday.] (Scand. Myth.) The wife of Odin and mother of the gods; the supreme goddess; the Juno of the Valhalla. Cf. Freya.

Fright

Fright (?), n. [OE. frigt, freyht, AS. fyrhto, fyrhtu; akin to OS. forhta, OHG. forhta, forahta, G. furcht, Dan. frygt, Sw. fruktan, Goth. fa\'a3rhtei fear, fa\'a3rhts timid.]

1. A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm.

2. Anything strange, ugly or shocking, producing a feeling of alarm or aversion. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Alarm; terror; consternation. See Alarm.

Fright

Fright (?), v. t. [imp. Frighted; p. pr. & vb. n.. Frighting.] [OE. frigten to fear, frighten, AS. fyrhtan to frighten, forhtian to fear; akin to OS. forhtian, OHG. furihten, forahtan, G. f\'81rchten, Sw. frukta, Dan. frygte, Goth. faurhtjan. See Fright, n., and cf. Frighten.] To alarm suddenly; to shock by causing sudden fear; to terrify; to scare.
Nor exile or danger can fright a brave spirit. Dryden.
Syn. -- To affright; dismay; daunt; intimidate.

Frighten

Fright"en (?), v. t. [>imp.pos> Frightened (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Frightening (#).] [See Fright, v. t.] To disturb with fear; to throw into a state of alarm or fright; to affright; to terrify.
More frightened than hurt. Old Proverb.

Frightful

Fright"ful (?), a.

1. Full of fright; affrighted; frightened. [Obs.]

See how the frightful herds run from the wood. W. Browne.

2. Full of that which causes fright; exciting alarm; impressing terror; shocking; as, a frightful chasm, or tempest; a frightful appearance. Syn. -- Terrible; dreadful; alarming; fearful; terrific; awful; horrid; horrible; shocking. -- Frightful, Dreadful, Awful. These words all express fear. In frightful, it is a sudden emotion; in dreadful, it is deeper and more prolonged; in awful, the fear is mingled with the emotion of awe, which subdues us before the presence of some invisible power. An accident may be frightful; the approach of death is dreadful to most men; the convulsions of the earthquake are awful.

Frightfully

Fright"ful*ly (?), adv. In a frightful manner; to a frightful dagree.

Frightfulness

Fright"ful*ness, n. The quality of being frightful.

Frightless

Fright"less, a. Free from fright; fearless. [Obs.]

Frightment

Fright"ment (?), n. Fear; terror. [Obs.]

Frigid

Frig"id (?), a. [L. frigidus, fr. frigere to be cold; prob. akin to Gr. Frill.]

1. Cold; wanting heat or warmth; of low temperature; as, a frigid climate.

2. Wanting warmth, fervor, ardor, fire, vivacity, etc.; unfeeling; forbidding in manner; dull and unanimated; stiff and formal; as, a frigid constitution; a frigid style; a frigid look or manner; frigid obedience or service.

3. Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the generative power; impotent. Johnson. Frigid zone, that part of the earth which lies between either polar circle and its pole. It extends 23Arctic.

Frigidarium

Frig"i*da`ri*um (?), n.; pl. Frigidaria (#). [L., neut. of frigidarium cooling.] The cooling room of the Roman therm\'91, furnished with a cold bath.

Prigidity

Pri*gid"i*ty (?), n. [L. frigiditas: cf. F. frigidit\'82.]

1. The condition or quality of being frigid; coldness; want of warmth.

Ice is water congealed by the frigidity of the air. Sir T. Browne.

2. Want of ardor, animation, vivacity, etc.; coldness of affection or of manner; dullness; stiffness and formality; as, frigidity of a reception, of a bow, etc.

3. Want of heat or vigor; as, the frigidity of old age.

Frigidly

Frig"id*ly (?), adv. In a frigid manner; coldly; dully; without affection.

Frigidness

Frig"id*ness, n. The state of being frigid; want of heat, vigor, or affection; coldness; dullness.

Frigorific, Frigorifical

Frig"o*rif"ic (?), Frig"o*rif`ic*al (?) a. [L. frigorificus; frigus, frigoris, cold + facere to make: cf. F. frigorifique.] Causing cold; producing or generating cold. Quincy.

Frill

Frill (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frilling.] [OF. friller, fr. L. frigidulus somewhat cold, dim. of frigidus cold; akin to F. frileux chilly.]

1. To shake or shiver as with cold; as, the hawk frills. Johnson.

2. (Photog.) To wrinkle; -- said of the gelatin film.

Frill

Frill, v. t. To provide or decorate with a frill or frills; to turn back. in crimped plaits; as, to frill a cap.

Frill

Frill, n. [See Frill, v. i.]. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A ruffing of a bird's feathers from cold. (b) A ruffle, consisting of a fold of membrane, of hairs, or of feathers, around the neck of an animal. See Frilled lizard (below). (c) A similar ruffle around the legs or other appendages of animals. (d) A ruffled varex or fold on certain shells.

2. A border or edging secured at one edge and left free at the other, usually fluted or crimped like a very narrow flounce.

Frilled

Frilled (?), a. Furnished with a frill or frills. Frilled lizard (Zo\'94l.), a large Australian lizard (Chlamydosaurus Kingii) about three feet long, which has a large, erectile frill on each side of the neck.

Frim

Frim (?), a. [Cf. AS. freme good, bold, and E. frame.] Flourishing; thriving; fresh; in good case; vigorous. [Obs.] "Frim pastures." Drayton.

Frimaire

Fri"maire` (?), n. [F., fr. frimas hoarfrost.] The third month of the French republican calendar. It commenced November 21, and ended December 20., See Vend\'82miaire.

Fringe

Fringe (?), n. [OF, fringe, F. frange, prob. fr. L. fimbria fiber, thread, fringe, cf. fibra fiber, E. fiber, fimbriate.]

1. An ornamental appendage to the border of a piece of stuff, originally consisting of the ends of the warp, projecting beyond the woven fabric; but more commonly made separate and sewed on, consisting sometimes of projecting ends, twisted or plaited together, and sometimes of loose threads of wool, silk, or linen, or narrow strips of leather, or the like.

2. Something resembling in any respect a fringe; a line of objects along a border or edge; a border; an edging; a margin; a confine.

The confines of grace and the fringes of repentance. Jer. Taylor.

3. (Opt.) One of a number of light or dark bands, produced by the interference of light; a diffraction band; -- called also interference fringe.

4. (Bot.) The peristome or fringelike appendage of the capsules of most mosses. See Peristome. Fringe tree (Bot.), a small tree (Chionanthus Virginica), growing in the Southern United States, and having snow-white flowers, with long pendulous petals.

Fringe

Fringe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fringed (?); p. pr. & vb. a. Fringing.] To adorn the edge of with a fringe or as with a fringe.
Precipices fringed with grass. Bryant.
Fringing reef. See Coral reefs, under Coral.

Fringed

Fringed (?), a. Furnished with a fringe. Fringed lear (Bot.), a leaf edged with soft parallel hairs.

Fringeless

Fringe"less, a. Having no fringe.

Fringent

Frin"gent (?), a. Encircling like a fringe; bordering. [R.] "The fringent air." Emerson.

Fringilla

Frin*gil"la (?), a. [NL., fr. L. fringilla a chaffinch.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds, with a short, conical, pointed bill. It formerly included all the sparrows and finches, but is now restricted to certain European finches, like the chaffinch and brambling.

Fringillaceous

Frin`gil*la"ceous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Fringilline.

Fringilline

Frin*gil"line (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the family Fringillid\'91; characteristic of finches; sparrowlike.

Fringy

Frin"gy (?), a. Aborned with fringes. Shak.

Fripper

Frip"per (?), n. [F. fripier, fr. friper to rumple, fumble, waste.] One who deals in frippery or in old clothes. [Obs.] Bacon.

Fripperer

Frip"per*er (?), n. A fripper. [Obs.] Johnson.

Frippery

Frip"per*y (?), n. [F. friperie, fr. fruper. See Fripper.]

1. Coast-off clothes. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. Hence: Secondhand finery; cheap and tawdry decoration; affected elegance.

Fond of gauze and French frippery. Goldsmith.
The gauzy frippery of a French translation. Sir W. Scott.

3. A place where old clothes are sold. Shak.

4. The trade or traffic in old clothes.

Frippery

Frip"per*y (?), a. Trifling; contemptible.

Friseur'

Fri"seur' (?), n. [F., fr. friser to curl, frizzle. See Frizzle.] A hairdresser.

Frisian

Fri"sian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province of the Netherlands; Friesic.

Frisian

Fri"sian, n. A native or inhabitant of Friesland; also, the language spoken in Friesland. See Friesic, n.

Frisk

Frisk (?), a. [OF. frieque, cf. OHG. frise lively, brisk, fresh, Dan. & Sw. frisk, Icel. friskr. See Fresh, a.] Lively; brisk; frolicsome; frisky. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Frisk

Frisk, a. A frolic; a fit of wanton gayety; a gambol: a little playful skip or leap. Johnson.

Frisk

Frisk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frisked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frisking.] To leap, skip, dance, or gambol, in fronc and gayety.
The frisking satyrs on the summits danced. Addison.

Friskal

Frisk"al (?), n. A leap or caper. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Frisker

Frisker (?), n. One who frisks; one who leaps of dances in gayety; a wanton; an inconstant or unsettled person. Camden.

Frisket

Fris"ket (?), n. [F. frisguette. Perh. so named from the velocity or frequency of its motion. See Frisk a.] (Print.) The light frame which holds the sheet of paper to the tympan in printing.

Friskful

Frisk"ful (?), a. Brisk; lively; frolicsome.

Friskily'

Frisk"i*ly' (?), adv. In a frisky manner.

Friskiness

Frisk"i*ness, n. State or quality of being frisky.

Frisky

Frisk"y, a. Inclined to frisk; frolicsome; gay.
He is too frisky for an old man. Jeffrey.

Frislet

Fris"let (?), n. [Fraise a kind of defense; also Friz.) A kind of small ruffle. Halliwell.

Frist

Frist (?), v. t. [OE. fristen, firsten, to lend, give respite, postpone, AS. firstan to give respite to; akin to first time, G. frist, Icel. frest delay.] To sell upon credit, as goods. [R.] Crabb.

Frisure

Fri"sure` (?), n. [F.] The dressing of the hair by crisping or curling. Smollett.

Frit

Frit (?), n. [F. fritte, fr. frit fried, p. p. of frire to fry. See Far, v. t.]

1. (Glass Making) The material of which glass is made, after having been calcined or partly fused in a furnace, but before vitrification. It is a composition of silex and alkali, occasionally with other ingredients. Ure.

2. (Ceramics) The material for glaze of pottery. Frit brick, a lump of calcined glass materials, brought to a pasty condition in a reverberatory furnace, preliminary to the perfect vitrification in the melting pot.

Frit

Frit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fritted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fritting.] To prepare by heat (the materials for making glass); to fuse partially. Ure.

Frit

Frit, v. t. To fritter; -- with away. [R.] Ld. Lytton.

Frith

Frith (?), n. [OE. firth, Icel. fj\'94r; akin to Sw. fj\'84rd, Dan. fiord, E. ford. &root;78. See Ford, n., and cf. Firth, Fiord, Fret a frith, Port a harbor.]

1. (Geog.) A narrow arm of the sea; an estuary; the opening of a river into the sea; as, the Frith of Forth.

2. A kind of weir for catching fish. [Eng.] Carew.

Frith

Frith, n. [OE. frith peace, protection, land inclosed for hunting, park, forest, AS. fri peace; akin to freno peace, protection, asylum, G. friede peace, Icel. fri, and from the root of E. free, friend. See Free, a., and cf. Affray, Defray.]

1. A forest; a woody place. [Obs.] Drayton.

2. A small field taken out of a common, by inclosing it; an inclosure. [Obs.] Sir J. Wynne.

Frithy

Frith"y (?), a. Woody. [Obs.] Skelton.

Fritillaria

Frit"il*la`ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. fritillus dicebox: cf. F. fritillaire. So named from the checkered markings of the petals.] (Bot.) A genus of liliaceous plants, of which the crown-imperial (Fritillaria imperialis) is one species, and the Guinea-hen flower (F. Meleagris) another. See Crown-imperial.

Fritillary

Frit"il*la*ry (?), n.

1. (Bot.) A plant with checkered petals, of the genus Fritillaria: the Guinea-hen flower. See Fritillaria.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of butterflies belonging to Argynnis and allied genera; -- so called because the coloring of their wings resembles that of the common Fritillaria. See Aphrodite.

Fritinancy

Frit"i*nan*cy (?), n. [L. fritinnire to twitter.] A chirping or creaking, as of a cricket. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Fritter

Frit"ter (?), n. [OR. fritour, friture, pancake, F. friture frying, a thing fried, from frire to fry. See Far, v. t.]

1. A small quantity of batter, fried in boiling lard or in a frying pan. Fritters are of various kinds, named from the substance inclosed in the batter; as, apple fritters, clam fritters, oyster fritters.

2. A fragment; a shred; a small piece.

And cut whole giants into fritters. Hudibras.
Corn fritter. See under Corn.

Fritter

Frit"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frittering.]

1. To cut, as meat, into small pieces, for frying.

2. To break into small pieces or fragments.

Break all nerves, and fritter all their sense. Pope.
To fritter away, to diminish; to pare off; to reduce to nothing by taking away a little at a time; also, to waste piecemeal; as, to fritter away time, strength, credit, etc.

Fritting

Frit"ting (?), n. [See Frit to expose to heat.] The formation of frit or slag by heat with but incipient fusion.

Frivolism

Friv"o*lism (?), n. Frivolity. [R.] Pristley.

Frivolity

Fri*vol"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Frivolities (#). [Cg. F. frivolit\'82. See Frivolous.] The condition or quality of being frivolous; also, acts or habits of trifling; unbecoming levity of disposition.
Page 598

Frivolous

Friv"o*lous (?), a. [L. frivolus; prob. akin to friare to rub, crumble, E. friable: cf. F. frivole.]

1. Of little weight or importance; not worth notice; slight; as, a frivolous argument. Swift.

2. Given to trifling; marked with unbecoming levity; silly; interested especially in trifling matters.

His personal tastes were low and frivolous. Macaulay.
Syn. -- Trifling; trivial; slight; petty; worthless. -- Friv"o*lous*ly, adv. -- Friv"o*lous*ness, n.

Friz

Friz (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frizzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frizzing (?).] [Cf. F. friser to curl, crisp, frizzle, to raise the nap (on certain stuffs); prob.akin to OFries. frisle hair of the head. Cf. Frieze kind of cloth.] [Written also frizz.]

1. To curl or form into small curls, as hair, with a crisping pin; to crisp.

With her hair frizzed short up to her ears. Pepys.

2. To form into little burs, prominences, knobs, or tufts, as the nap of cloth.

3. (Leather Manufacture) To soften and make of even thickness by rubbing, as with pumice stone or a blunt instrument. Frizzing machine. (a) (Fabrics) A machine for frizzing the surface of cloth. (b) (Wood Working) A bench with a revolving cutter head slightly protruding above its surface, for dressing boards.

Friz

Friz, n.; pl. Frizzes (. That which is frizzed; anything crisped or curled, as a wig; a frizzle. [Written also frizz.]
He [Dr. Johnson], who saw in his glass how his wig became his face and head, might easily infer that a similar fullbottomed, well-curled friz of words would be no less becoming to his thoughts. Hare.

Frize

Frize (?), n. (Arch.) See 1st Frieze.

Frizel

Friz"el (?), a. (Firearms) A movable furrowed piece of steel struck by the flint, to throw sparks into the pan, in an early form of flintlock. Knight.

Frizette

Fri*zette" (?), n. [F. frisette curl.] A curl of hair or silk; a pad of frizzed hair or silk worn by women under the hair to stuff it out.

Frizz

Frizz (?), v. t. & n. See Friz, v. t. & n.

Frizzle

Friz"zle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frizzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frizzling (?).] [Dim. of friz.] To curl or crisp, as hair; to friz; to crinkle. Gay. To frizzle up, to crinkle or crisp excessively.

Frizzle

Friz"zle, n. A curl; a lock of hair crisped. Milton.

Frizzlez

Friz"zlez` (?), n. One who frizzles.

Frizzly, Frizzy

Friz"zly (?), Friz"zy (?), a. Curled or crisped; as, frizzly, hair.

Fro

Fro (?), adv. [OE. fra, fro, adv. & prep., Icel. fr, akin to Dan. fra from, E. from. See From.] From; away; back or backward; -- now used only in oppositionto the word to, in the phrase to and fro, that is, to and from. See To and fro under To. Millon.

Fro

Fro, prep. From. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Frock

Frock (?), n. [F. froc a monk's cowl, coat, garment, LL. frocus, froccus, flocus, floccus, fr. L. floccus a flock of wool; hence orig., a flocky cloth or garment;cf. L. flaccus flabby, E. flaccid.]

1. A loose outer garment; especially, a gown forming a part of European modern costume for women and children; also, a coarse hirtlike garment worn by some workmen over their ther clothes; a smock frock; as, a marketman's frock.

2. A coarse gown worn by monks or friars, and supposed to take the place of all, or nearly all, other garments. It has a hood which can be drawn over the head at pleasure, and is girded by a cord. Frock coat, a body coat for men, usually doublebreasted, the skirts not being in one piece with the body, but sewed on so as to be somewhat full. -- Smock frock. See in the Vocabulary.

Frock

Frock, v. t.

1. To clothe in a frock.

2. To make a monk of. Cf. Unfrock.

Frocked

Frocked (?), a. Clothed in a frock.

Frockless

Frock"less (?), a. Destitute of a frock.

Froe

Froe (?), n. [See Frow.] A dirty woman; a slattern; a frow. [Obs.] "Raging frantic froes." Draylon.

Froe

Froe, n. [See Frow the tool] An iron cleaver or splitting tool; a frow. [U. S.] Bartlett.

Frog

Frog (?), n. [AS. froggu, frocga a frog (in sensel); akin to D. vorsch, OHG. frosk, G. frosch, Icel. froskr, fraukr, Sw. & Dan. fr\'94.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) An amphibious animal of the genus Rana and related genera, of many species. Frogs swim rapidly, and take long leaps on land. Many of the species utter loud notes in the springtime. &hand; The edible frog of Europe (Rana esculenta) is extensively used as food; the American bullfrog (R. Catesbiana) is remarkable for its great size and loud voice.

2. [Perh. akin to E. fork, cf. frush frog of a horse.] (Anat.) The triangular prominence of the hoof, in the middle of the sole of the foot of the horse, and other animals; the fourchette.

3. (Railroads) A supporting plate having raised ribs that form continuations of the rails, to guide the wheels where one track branches from another or crosses it.

4. [Cf. fraco of wool or silk, L. floccus, E. frock.] An oblong cloak button, covered with netted thread, and fastening into a loop instead of a button hole.

5. The loop of the scabbard of a bayonet or sword. Cross frog (Railroads), a frog adapted for tracks that cross at right angles. -- Frog cheese, a popular name for a large puffball. -- Frog eater, one who eats frogs; -- a term of contempt applied to a Frenchman by the vulgar class of English. -- Frog fly. (Zo\'94l.) See Frog hopper. -- Frog hopper (Zo\'94l.), a small, leaping, hemipterous insect living on plants. The larv\'91 are inclosed are frothy liquid called cuckoo spit or frog spit. -- Frog lily (Bot.), the yellow water lily (Nuphar). -- Frog spit (Zo\'94l.), the frothy exudation of the frog hopper; -- called also frog spittle. See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.

Frog

Frog (?), v. t. To ornament or fasten (a coat, etc.) with trogs. See Frog, n., 4.

Frogbit

Frog"bit` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A European plant (Hydrocharis Morsus-ran\'91), floating on still water and propagating itself by runners. It has roundish leaves and small white flowers. (b) An American plant (Limnobium Spongia), with similar habits.

Frogfish

Frog"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) See Angler, n., 2. (b) An oceanic fish of the genus Antennarius or Pterophrynoides; -- called also mousefish and toadfish.

Frogged

Frogged (?), a. Provided or ornamented with frogs; as, a frogged coat. See Frog, n., 4. Ld. Lytton.

Froggy

Frog"gy (?), a. Abounding in frogs. Sherwood.

Frogmouth

Frog"mouth` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of Asiatic and East Indian birds of the genus Batrachostomus (family Podargid\'91); -- so called from their very broad, flat bills.

Frogs-bit

Frog"s`-bit" (?), n. (Bot.) Frogbit.

Frogshell

Frog"shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species of marine gastropod shells, belonging to Ranella and allied genera.

Froise

Froise (?), n. [OE. froise cf. F. froisser to bruise, E. frush to bruise,] A kind of pancake. See 1st Fraise. [Written also fraise.]

Frolic

Frol"ic (?), a. [D. vroolijk; akin to G. fr\'94lich, fr. froh, OHG. fr, Dan. fro, OS. fr, cf. Icel. fr swift; all perh. akin to Skr. pru to spring up.] Full of levity; dancing, playing, or frisking about; full of pranks; frolicsome; gay; merry.
The frolic wind that breathes the spring. Milton.
The gay, the frolic, and the loud. Waller.

Frolic

Frol"ic, n.

1. A wild prank; a flight of levity, or of gayety and mirth.

He would be at his frolic once again. Roscommon.

2. A scene of gayety and mirth, as in lively play, or in dancing; a merrymaking.

Frolic

Frol"ic, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frolicked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frolicking.] To play wild pranks; to play tricks of levity, mirth, and gayety; to indulge in frolicsome play; to sport.
Hither, come hither, and frolic and play. Tennyson.

Frolicful

Frol"ic*ful (?), a. Frolicsome. [R.]

Frolicky

Frol"ick*y (?), a. Frolicsome. [Obs.] Richardson.

Frolicly

Frol"ic*ly, adv. In a frolicsome manner; with mirth and gayety. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Frolicsome

Frol"ic*some (?), a. Full of gayety and mirth; given to pranks; sportive.
Old England, who takes a frolicsome brain fever once every two or three years, for the benefit of her doctors. Sir W. Scott.
-- Frol"ic*some*ly, adv. -- Frol"ic*some*ness, n.

From

From (?), prep. [AS. fram, from; akin to OS. fram out, OHG. & Icel. fram forward, Sw. fram, Dan. frem, Goth. fram from, prob. akin to E. forth. Fro, Foremost.] Out of the neighborhood of; lessening or losing proximity to; leaving behind; by reason of; out of; by aid of; -- used whenever departure, setting out, commencement of action, being, state, occurrence, etc., or procedure, emanation, absence, separation, etc., are to be expressed. It is construed with, and indicates, the point of space or time at which the action, state, etc., are regarded as setting out or beginning; also, less frequently, the source, the cause, the occasion, out of which anything proceeds; -- the aritithesis and correlative of to; as, it, is one hundred miles from Boston to Springfield; he took his sword from his side; light proceeds from the sun; separate the coarse wool from the fine; men have all sprung from Adam, and often go from good to bad, and from bad to worse; the merit of an action depends on the principle from which it proceeds; men judge of facts from personal knowledge, or from testimony.
Experience from the time past to the time present. Bacon.
The song began from Jove. Drpden.
From high M\'91onia's rocky shores I came. Addison.
If the wind blow any way from shore. Shak.
&hand; From sometimes denotes away from, remote from, inconsistent with. "Anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing." Shak. From, when joined with another preposition or an adverb, gives an opportunity for abbreviating the sentence. "There followed him great multitudes of people . . . from [the land] beyond Jordan." Math. iv. 25. In certain constructions, as from forth, from out, etc., the ordinary and more obvious arrangment is inverted, the sense being more distinctly forth from, out from -- from being virtually the governing preposition, and the word the adverb. See From off, under Off, adv., and From afar, under Afar, adv.
Sudden partings such as press The life from out young hearts. Byron.

Fromward, Fromwards

From"ward (?), From"wards (?), prep. [AS. framweard about to depart. Cf. Froward] A way from; -- the contrary of toward. [Obs.]
Towards or fromwards the zenith. Cheyne.

Frond

Frond (?), n. [L. frons, frondis, a leafy branch, foliage.] (Bot.) The organ formed by the combination or union into one body of stem and leaf, and often bearing the fructification; as, the frond of a fern or of a lichen or seaweed; also, the peculiar leaf of a palm tree.

Frondation

Fron*da"tion (?), n. [L. frondatio, from frons. See Frond.] The act of stripping, as trees, of leaves or branches; a kind of pruning. Evelyn.

Fronde

Fronde (?), n. [F.] (F. Hist.) A political party in France, during the minority of Louis XIV., who opposed the government, and made war upon the court party.

Fronded

Frond"ed (?), a. Furnished with fronds. "Fronded palms." Whittier.

Frondent

Fron"dent (?), a. [L. frondens, p. pr. of frondere to put forth leaves. See Frond.] Covered with leaves; leafy; as, a frondent tree. [R.]

Frondesce

Fron*desce" (?), v. i. [L. frondescere, inchoative fr. frondere. See Frondent.] To unfold leaves, as plants.

Frondescence

Fron*des"cence (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The time at which each species of plants unfolds its leaves. (b) The act of bursting into leaf. Milne. Martyn.

Frondeur

Fron"deur` (?), n. [F.] (F. Hist.) A member of the Fronde.

Frondiferous

Fron*dif"er*ous (?), a. [L. frondifer frons a leafy branch + ferre to bear: cf. F. frondifere.] Producing fronds.

Frondlet

Frond"let (?), n. (Bot.) A very small frond, or distinct portion of a compound frond.

Frondose

Fron*dose" (?), a. [L. frondosus leafy.] (Bot.) (a) Frond bearing; resembling a frond; having a simple expansion not separable into stem and leaves. (b) Leafy. Gray.

Frondous

Fron"dous (?), a. (Bot.) Frondose. [R.]

Frons

Frons (?), n. [L., front.] (Anal.) The forehead; the part of the cranium between the orbits and the vertex.

Front

Front (?), n. [F. frant forehead, L. frons, frontis; perh. akin to E. brow.]

1. The forehead or brow, the part of the face above the eyes; sometimes, also, the whole face.

Bless'd with his father's front, his mother's tongue. Pope.
Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled front. Shak.
His front yet threatens, and his frowns command. Prior.

2. The forehead, countenance, or personal presence, as expressive of character or temper, and especially, of boldness of disposition, sometimes of impudence; seeming; as, a bold front; a hardened front.

With smiling fronts encountering. Shak.
The inhabitants showed a bold front. Macaulay.

3. The part or surface of anything which seems to look out, or to be directed forward; the fore or forward part; the foremost rank; the van; -- the opposite to back or rear; as, the front of a house; the front of an army.

Had he his hurts before? Ay, on the front. Shak.

4. A position directly before the face of a person, or before the foremost part of a thing; as, in front of un person, of the troops, or of a house.

5. The most conspicuous part.

The very head and front of my offending. Shak.

6. That which covers the foremost part of the head: a front piece of false hair worn by women.

Like any plain Miss Smith's, who wears s front. Mrs. Browning.

7. The beginning. "Summer's front." Shak. Bastioned front (Mil.), a curtain connerting two half bastions. -- Front door, the door in the front wall of a building, usually the principal entrance. -- Front of fortification, the works constructed upon any one side of a polygon. Farrow. -- Front of operations, all that part of the field of operations in front of the successive positions occupied by the army as it moves forward. Farrow. -- To come to the front, to attain prominence or leadership.

Front

Front, a. Of or relating to the front or forward part; having a position in front; foremost; as, a front view.

Front

Front, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fronted; p. pr. & vb. n. Fronting.]

1. To oppose face to face; to oppose directly; to meet in a hostile manner.

You four shall front them in the narrow lane. Shak.

2. To appear before; to meet.

[Enid] daily fronted him In some fresh splendor. Tennyson.

3. To face toward; to have the front toward; to confront; as, the house fronts the street.

And then suddenly front the changed reality. J. Morley.

4. To stand opposed or opposite to, or over against as, his house fronts the church.

5. To adorn in front; to supply a front to; as, to front a house with marble; to front a head with laurel.

Yonder walls, that pertly front your town. Shak.

Front

Front, v. t. To have or turn the face or front in any direction; as, the house fronts toward the east.

Frontage

Front"age (?), n. The front part of an edifice or lot; extent of front.

Frontal

Fron"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. frontal.] Belonging to the front part; being in front; esp. (Anat.), Of or pertaining to the forehead or the anterior part of the roof of the brain case; as, the frontal bones.

Frontal

Fron"tal, n. [F. frontal, fronteau, OF. Frontel, frontal, L. frontale an ornament for the forehead, frontlet. See Front.]

1. Something worn on the forehead or face; a frontlet; as: (a) An ornamental band for the hair. (b) (Mil.) The metal face guard of a soldier.


Page 599

2. (Arch.) A little pediment over a door or window.

3. (Eccl.) A movable, decorative member in metal, carved wood, or, commonly, in rich stuff or in embroidery, covering the front of the altar. Frontals are usually changed according to the different ceremonies.

4. (Med.) A medicament or application for the forehead. [Obs.] Quincy.

5. (Anat.) The frontal bone, or one of the two frontal bones, of the cranium. Frontal hammer ∨ helve, a forge hammer lifted by a cam, acting upon a "tongue" immediately in front of the hammer head. Raymond.

Frontate, Fron'tated

Fron"tate (?), Fron'ta*ted (?), a. Growing broader and broader, as a leaf; truncate.

Fronted

Front"ed (?), a. Formed with a front; drawn up in line. "Fronted brigades." Milton.

Frontier

Fron"tier (?), n. [F. fronti\'8are, LL. frontaria. See Front.]

1. That part of a country which fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region; the marches; the border, confine, or extreme part of a country, bordering on another country; the border of the settled and cultivated part of a country; as, the frontier of civilization.

2. (Fort.) An outwork. [Obs.]

Palisadoes, frontiers, parapets. Shak.

Frontier

Fron"tier, a.

1. Lying on the exterior part; bordering; conterminous; as, a frontier town.

2. Of or relating to a frontier. "Frontier experience." W. Irving.

Frontier

Fron"tier, v. i. To constitute or form a frontier; to have a frontier; -- with on. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

Frontiered

Fron"tiered (?), p. a. Placed on the frontiers. [R.]

Floatiersman

Floa"tiers*man (?), n.; pl. Frontiersmen (. A man living on the frontier.

Frontignac, Frontignan

Fron`ti*gnac" (?), Fron`ti`gnan" (
, n. [So called from Frontignan, a town in Southern France.]

1. A sweet muscadine wine made in Frontignan (Languedoc), France.

2. (Bot.) A grape of many varieties and colors.

Frontingly

Front"ing*ly (?), adv. In a fronting or facing position; opposingly.

Frontiniac

Fron`tin*iac" (?), n. See Frontignac.

Frontispiece

Fron"tis*piece (?), n. [F. frontispice, LL. frontispicium beginning, front of a church, fr. L. frons front + spicere, specere, to look at, view: cf. It. frontispizio. See Front and Spy.] The part which first meets the eye; as: (a) (Arch.) The principal front of a building. [Obs. or R.] (b) An ornamental figure or illustration fronting the first page, or titlepage, of a book; formerly, the titlepage itself.

Frontless

Front"less (?), a. Without face or front; shameless; not diffident; impudent. [Obs.] "Frontless vice." Dryden. "Frontless flattery." Pope.

Frontlessly

Front"less*ly, adv. Shamelessly; impudently. [Obs.]

Frontlet

Front"let (?), n. [OF. frontelet brow band, dim. of frontel, frontal. See Frontal, n.]

1. A frontal or brow band; a fillet or band worn on the forehead.

They shall be as frontlets between thine eyes. Deut. vi. 8.

2. A frown (likened to a frontlet). [R. & Poetic]

What makes that frontlet on? Methinks you are too much of late i' the frown. Shak.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The margin of the head, behind the bill of birds, often bearing rigid bristles.

Fronto-

Fron"to- (?). [L. frons, frontis, the forehead.] (Anat.) A combining form signifying relating to the forehead or the frontal bone; as, fronto-parietal, relating to the frontal and the parietal bones; fronto-nasal, etc.

Fronton

Fron`ton" (?), n. [F., a pediment. See Front.] (Arch.) Same as Frontal, 2. <--2. a jai-alai fronton -->

Froppish

Frop"pish (?), a. [Cf. Frap, Frape.] Peevish; froward. [Obs.] Clarendon.

Frore

Frore (?), adv. [See Frorn.] Frostily. [Obs.]
The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire. Milton.

Frorn

Frorn (?), p. a. [AS. froren, p. p. of fre\'a2sun to freeze. See Freeze.] Frozen. [Obs.]
Well nigh frorn I feel. Spenser.

Frory

Fro"ry (?), a. [AS. fre\'a2rig. See Frorn.]

1. Frozen; stiff with cold. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Covered with a froth like hoarfrost. [Archaic]

The foaming steed with frory bit to steer. Fairfax.

Frost

Frost (?), n. [OE. frost, forst, AS. forst, frost. fr. fre\'a2san to freeze; akin to D. varst, G., OHG., Icel., Dan., & Sw. frost. \'fb18. See Freeze, v. i.]

1. The act of freezing; -- applied chiefly to the congelation of water; congelation of fluids.

2. The state or temperature of the air which occasions congelation, or the freezing of water; severe cold or freezing weather.

The third bay comes a frost, a killing frost. Shak.

3. Frozen dew; -- called also hoarfrost or white frost.

He scattereth the frost like ashes. Ps. cxlvii. 16.

4. Coldness or insensibility; severity or rigidity of character. [R.]

It was of those moments of intense feeling when the frost of the Scottish people melts like a snow wreath. Sir W. Scott.
Black frost, cold so intense as to freeze vegetation and cause it to turn black, without the formation of hoarfrost. -- Frost bearer (Physics), a philosophical instrument illustrating the freezing of water in a vacuum; a cryophous. -- Frost grape (Bot.), an American grape, with very small, acid berries. -- Frost lamp, a lamp placed below the oil tube of an Argand lamp to keep the oil limpid on cold nights; -- used especially in lighthouses. Knight. -- Frost nail, a nail with a sharp head driven into a horse's shoe to keen him from slipping. -- Frost smoke, an appearance resembling smoke, caused by congelation of vapor in the atmosphere in time of severe cold.
The brig and the ice round her are covered by a strange black obscurity: it is the frost smoke of arctic winters. Kane.
-- Frost valve, a valve to drain the portion of a pipe, hydrant, pump, etc., where water would be liable to freeze. -- Jack Frost, a popular personification of frost.

Frost

Frost (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frostted; p. pr. & vb. n. Frosting.]

1. To injure by frost; to freeze, as plants.

2. To cover with hoarfrost; to produce a surface resembling frost upon, as upon cake, metals, or glass.

While with a hoary light she frosts the ground. Wordsworth.

3. To roughen or sharpen, as the nail heads or calks of horseshoes, so as to fit them for frosty weather.

Frostbird

Frost"bird (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The golden plover.

Frostbite

Frost"bite (?), n. The freezing, or effect of a freezing, of some part of the body, as the ears or nose. Kane.

Frostbite

Frost`bite", v. t. To expose to the effect of frost, or a frosty air; to blight or nip with frost.
My wife up and with Mrs. Pen to walk in the fields to frostbite themselves. Pepys.

Frost-bitten

Frost`-bit"ten (?), p. a. Nipped, withered, or injured, by frost or freezing.

Frost-blite

Frost`-blite" (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Atriplex; orache. Gray. (b) The lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album). Dr. Prior.

Frosted

Frost"ed, a. Covered with hoarfrost or anything resembling hoarfrost; ornamented with frosting; also, frost-bitten; as, a frosted cake; frosted glass.
Frosted work is introduced as a foil or contrast to burnished work. Knight.

Frostfish

Frost`fish" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The tomcod; -- so called because it is abundant on the New England coast in autumn at about the commencement of frost. See Tomcod. (b) The smelt. [Local, U. S.] (c) A name applied in New Zealand to the scabbard fish (Lepidotus) valued as a food fish.

Frostily

Frost"i*ly (?), adv. In a frosty manner.

Frostiness

Frost"i*ness, n. State or quality of being frosty.

Frosting

Frost"ing, n.

1. A composition of sugar and beaten egg, used to cover or ornament cake, pudding, etc.

2. A lusterless finish of metal or glass; the process of producing such a finish.

Frostless

Frost"less, a. Free from frost; as, a frostless winter.

Frostweed

Frost"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) An American species of rockrose (Helianthemum Canadense), sometimes used in medicine as an astringent or aromatic tonic. &hand; It has large yellow flowers which are often sterile, and later it has abundant but inconspicuous flowers which bear seed. It is so called because, late in autumn, crystals of ice shoot from the cracked bark at the root; -- called also frostwort.

Frostwork

Frost`work" (?), n. The figurework, often fantastic and delicate, which moisture sometimes forms in freezing, as upon a window pane or a flagstone.

Frostwort

Frost`wort" (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Frostweed.

Frosty

Frost"y (?), a. [Cf. AS. fyrstig.]

1. Attended with, or producing, frost; having power to congeal water; cold; freezing; as, a frosty night.

2. Covered with frost; as, the grass is frosty.

3. Chill in affection; without warmth of affection or courage. Johnson.

4. Appearing as if covered with hoarfrost; white; gray-haired; as, a frosty head. Shak.

Frote

Frote (?), v. t. [F. frotter.] To rub or wear by rubbing; to chafe. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Froterer

Fro"ter*er (?), n. One who frotes; one who rubs or chafes. [Obs.] Marston.

Froth

Froth (?), n. [OE. frothe, Icel. fro\'eba; akin to Dan. fraade, Sw. fradga, AS. \'befreo\'eban to froth.]

1. The bubbles caused in fluids or liquors by fermentation or agitation; spume; foam; esp., a spume of saliva caused by disease or nervous excitement.

2. Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence; rhetoric without thought. Johnson.

It was a long speech, but all froth. L'Estrange.

3. Light, unsubstantial matter. Tusser. Froth insect (Zo\'94l.), the cuckoo spit or frog hopper; -- called also froth spit, froth worm, and froth fly. -- Froth spit. See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo.

Froth

Froth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frothed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.. Frothing.]

1. To cause to foam.

2. To spit, vent, or eject, as froth.

He . . . froths treason at his mouth. Dryden.
Is your spleen frothed out, or have ye more? Tennyson.

3. To cover with froth; as, a horse froths his chain.

Froth

Froth, v. i. To throw up or out spume, foam, or bubbles; to foam; as beer froths; a horse froths.

Frothily

Froth"i*ly (?), adv. In a frothy manner.

Frothiness

Froth"i*ness, n. State or quality of being frothy.

Frothing

Froth"ing, n. Exaggerated declamation; rant.

Frothless

Froth"less, a. Free from froth.

Frothy

Froth"y (?), a. [Compar. Frothier (?); superl. Frothiest.]

1. Full of foam or froth, or consisting of froth or light bubbles; spumous; foamy.

2. Not firm or solid; soft; unstable. Bacon.

3. Of the nature of froth; light; empty; unsubstantial; as, a frothy speaker or harangue. Tillotson.

Frounce

Frounce (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Frounced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frouncing (?).] [OE. frouncen, fronsen, to told, wrinkle, OF. froncier, F. froncer, perh. fr. an assumed LL. frontiare to wrinkle the forehead, L. frons forehead. See Front, and cf. Flounce part of a dress.] To gather into or adorn with plaits, as a dress; to form wrinkles in or upon; to curl or frizzle, as the hair.
Not tricked and frounced, as she was wont. Milton.

Frounce

Frounce, v. i. To form wrinkles in the forehead; to manifest displeasure; to frown. [Obs.]
The Commons frounced and stormed. Holland.

Frounce

Frounce, n.

1. A wrinkle, plait, or curl; a flounce; -- also, a frown. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. An affection in hawks, in which white spittle gathers about the hawk's bill. Booth.

Frounceless

Frounce"less, a. Without frounces. Rom. of R.

Frouzy

Frou"zy (?), a. [Prov. E. frouzy froward, peevish, offensive to the eye or smell; cf. froust a musty smell, frouse to rumple, frouze to curl, and E. frounce, frowy.] Fetid, musty; rank; disordered and offensive to the smell or sight; slovenly; dingy. See Frowzy. "Petticoats in frouzy heaps." Swift.

Frow

Frow (?), n. [D. vrouw; akin to G. frau woman, wife, goth, fr\'a0uja master, lord, AS. fre\'a0.]

1. A woman; especially, a Dutch or German woman. Beau. & Fl.

2. A dirty woman; a slattern. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Frow

Frow (?), n. [Cf. Frower.] A cleaving tool with handle at right angles to the blade, for splitting cask staves and shingles from the block; a frower.

Frow

Frow (?), a. Brittle. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Froward

Fro"ward (?), a. [Fro + -ward. See Fro, and cf. Fromward.] Not willing to yield or compIy with what is required or is reasonable; perverse; disobedient; peevish; as, a froward child.
A froward man soweth strife. Prov. xvi. 28.
A froward retention of custom is as turbulent a thing as innovation. Bacon.
Syn. -- Untoward; wayward; unyielding; ungovernable: refractory; obstinate; petulant; cross; peevish. See Perverse. -- Fro"ward*ly, adv. -- Fro"ward*ness, n.

Frower

Frow"er (?), n. [Cf. frow a frower, and Prov. E, frommard.] A tool. See 2d Frow. Tusser.

Frowey

Frow"ey (?), a. [See Frow, a.] (Carp.) Working smoothly, or without splitting; -- said of timber.

Frown

Frown (?), v. i. [imp. &, p. p. Frowned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frowning.] [OF. froignier, F. frogner, in se refrogner, se renfrogner, to knit the brow, to frown; perh. of Teutonic origin; cf. It. in frigno wrinkled, frowning, Prov. It. frignare to cringe the face, to make a wry face, dial. Sw. fryna to make a wry face,]

1. To contract the brow in displeasure, severity, or sternness; to scowl; to put on a stern, grim, or surly look.

The frowning wrinkle of her brow. Shak.

2. To manifest displeasure or disapprobation; to look with disfavor or threateningly; to lower; as, polite society frowns upon rudeness.

The sky doth frown and lower upon our army. Shak.

Frown

Frown, v. t. To repress or repel by expressing displeasure or disapproval; to rebuke with a look; as, frown the impudent fellow into silence.

Frown

Frown, n.

1. A wrinkling of the face in displeasure, rebuke, etc.; a sour, severe, or stere look; a scowl.

His front yet threatens, and his frowns command. Prior.
Her very frowns are fairer far Than smiles of other maidens are. H. Coleridge.

2. Any expression of displeasure; as, the frowns of Providence; the frowns of Fortune.

Frowningly

Frown"ing*ly, adv. In a frowning manner.

Frowny

Frown"y (?), a. Frowning; scowling. [Obs.]
Her frowny mother's ragged shoulder. Sir F. Palgrave.

Frowy

Frow"y (?), a. [Cf. Frowzy, Frouzy.] Musty. rancid; as, frowy butter. "Frowy feed." Spenser

Frowzy

Frow"zy (?), a. [See Frouzy.] Slovenly; unkempt; untidy; frouzy. "With head all frowzy." Spenser.
The frowzy soldiers' wives hanging out clothes. W. D. Howells.

Froze

Froze (?), imp. of Freeze.

Frozen

Fro"zen (?), a.

1. Congealed with cold; affected by freezing; as, a frozen brook.

They warmed their frozen feet. Dryden.

2. Subject to frost, or to long and severe cold; chilly; as, the frozen north; the frozen zones.

3. Cold-hearted; unsympathetic; unyielding. [R.]

Be not ever frozen, coy. T. Carew.

Frozenness

Fro"zen*ness, n. A state of being frozen.

Frubish

Frub"ish (?), v. t. [See Furbish.] To rub up: to furbish. [Obs.] Beau. c& Et.

Fructed

Fruc"ted (?), a. [L. fructus fruit. See Fruit.] (Her.) Bearing fruit; -- said of a tree or plant so represented upon an escutcheon. Cussans.

Fructescence

Fruc*tes"cence (?), n. [L. fructus fruit.] (Bot.) The maturing or ripening of fruit. [R.] Martyn.

Fructiculose

Fruc*tic"u*lose` (?), a. Fruitful; full of fruit.

Fructidor

Fruc`ti`dor" (?), n. [F., fr. L. fructus fruit.] The twelfth month of the French republican calendar; -- commencing August 18, and ending September 16. See Vend\'82miaire.

Fructiferuos

Fruc*tif"er*uos (?), a. [L. fructifer; fructus fruit + ferre to bear; cf. F. fructif\'8are.] Bearing or producing fruit. Boyle.

Fructification

Fruc`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. fructificatio: cf. F. fructification.]

1. The act of forming or producing fruit; the act of fructifying, or rendering productive of fruit; fecundation.

The prevalent fructification of plants. Sir T. Brown.

2. (Bot.) (a) The collective organs by which a plant produces its fruit, or seeds, or reproductive spores. (b) The process of producing fruit, or seeds, or spores.


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Fructify

Fruc"ti*fy (?), v. i. [F. fructifier, L. fructificare; fructus fruit + ficare (only in comp.), akin to L. facere to make. See Fruit, and Fact.] To bear fruit. "Causeth the earth to fructify." Beveridge.

Fructify

Fruc"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fructified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fructifying.] To make fruitful; to render productive; to fertilize; as, to fructify the earth.

Fructose

Fruc*tose" (?), n. [L. fructus fruit.] (Chem.) Fruit sugar; levulose. [R.]

Fructuary

Fruc"tu*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Fructuaries (#). [L. fructuarius.] One who enjoys the profits, income, or increase of anything.
Kings are not proprietors nor fructuaries. Prynne.

Fructuation

Fruc"tu*a`tion (?), n. Produce; fruit, [R.]

Fructuous

Fruc"tu*ous (?), a. [L. fructuosus: cf, F. fructueux.] Fruitful; productive; profitable. [Obs.]
Nothing fructuous or profitable. Chaucer.
-- Fruc"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Fruc"tu*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

Fructure

Fruc"ture (?), n. [L. frui, p. p. fructus, to enjoy. See Fruit, n.] Use; fruition; enjoyment. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Frue vanner

Frue" van"ner (?). [Etymol. uncertain.] (Mining) A moving, inclined, endless apron on which ore is concentrated by a current of water; a kind of buddle.

Frugal

Fru"gal (?), a. [L. frugalis, fr. frugi, lit., for fruit; hence, fit for food, useful, proper, temperate, the dative of frux, frugis, fruit, akin to E. fruit: cf. F. frugal. See Fruit, n.]

1. Economical in the use or appropriation of resources; not wasteful or lavish; wise in the expenditure or application of force, materials, time, etc.; characterized by frugality; sparing; economical; saving; as, a frugal housekeeper; frugal of time.

I oft admire How Nature, wise and frugal, could commit Such disproportions. Milton.

2. Obtained by, or appropriate to, economy; as, a frugal fortune. "Frugal fare." Dryden.

Frugality

Fru*gal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Frugalities (#). [L. frugalitas: cf. F. frugalit\'82.]

1. The quality of being frugal; prudent economy; that careful management of anything valuable which expends nothing unnecessarily, and applies what is used to a profitable purpose; thrift; --- opposed to extravagance.

Frugality is founded on the principle that all riches have limits. Burke.

2. A sparing use; sparingness; as, frugality of praise. Syn. -- Economy; parsimony. See Economy.

Frugally

Fru"gal*ly (?), adv. Thriftily; prudently.

Frugalness

Fru"gal*ness, n. Quality of being frugal; frugality.

Frugiferous

Fru*gif"er*ous (?), a. [L. frugifer; frux, frugis, fruit + ferre to bear: cf. F. frugifere.] Producing fruit; fruitful; fructiferous. Dr. H. More.

Frugivora

Fru*giv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Frugivorous.] (Zo\'94l.) The fruit bate; a group of the Cheiroptera, comprising the bats which live on fruits. See Eruit bat, under Fruit.

Frugivorous

Fru*giv"o*rous (?), a. [L. frux, frugis, fruit + vorare to devour.: cf. F. frugivore.] Feeding on fruit, as birds and other animals. Pennant.

Fruit

Fruit (?), n. [OE. fruit, frut, F. fruit, from L. fructus enjoyment, product, fruit, from frui, p. p. fructus, to enjoy; akin to E. brook, v. t. See Broook, v. t., and cf. Fructify, Frugal.]

1. Whatever is produced for the nourishment or enjoyment of man or animals by the processes of vegetable growth, as corn, grass, cotton, flax, etc.; -- commonly used in the plural.

Six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the fruits thereof. Ex. xxiii. 10.

2. (Hort.) The pulpy, edible seed vessels of certain plants, especially those grown on branches above ground, as apples, oranges, grapes, melons, berries, etc. See 3.

3. (Bot.) The ripened ovary of a flowering plant, with its contents and whatever parts are consolidated with it. &hand; Fruits are classified as fleshy, drupaceous, and -dry. Fleshy fruits include berries, gourds, and melons, orangelike fruita and pomes; drupaceous fruits are stony within and fleshy without, as peaches, plums, and chercies;and dry fruits are further divided into achenes, follicles, legumes, capsules, nuts, and several other kinds.

4. (Bot.) The spore cases or conceptacles of flowerless plants, as of ferns, mosses, algae, etc., with the spores contained in them.

6. The produce of animals; offspring; young; as, the fruit of the womb, of the loins, of the body.

King Edward's fruit, true heir to the English crown. Shak.

6. That which is produced; the effect or consequence of any action; advantageous or desirable product or result; disadvantageous or evil consequence or effect; as, the fruits of labor, of self-denial, of intemperance.

The fruit of rashness. Shak.
What I obtained was the fruit of no bargain. Burke.
They shall eat the fruit of their doings. Is. iii 10.
The fruits of this education became visible. Macaulay.
&hand; Fruit is frequently used adjectively, signifying of, for, or pertaining to a fruit or fruits; as, fruit bud; fruit frame; fruit jar; fruit knife; fruit loft; fruit show; fruit stall; fruit tree; etc. Fruit bat (Zo\'94l.), one of the Frugivora; -- called also fruit-eating bat. -- Fruit bud (Bot.), a bud that produces fruit; -- in most oplants the same as the power bud. Fruit dot (Bot.), a collection of fruit cases, as in ferns. See Sorus. -- Fruit fly (Zo\'94l.), a small dipterous insect of the genus Drosophila, which lives in fruit, in the larval state. -- Fruit jar, a jar for holding preserved fruit, usually made of glass or earthenware. -- Fruit pigeon (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of pigeons of the family Carpophagid\'91, inhabiting India, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. They feed largely upon fruit. and are noted for their beautiful colors. -- Fruit sugar (Chem.), a kind of sugar occurring, naturally formed, in many ripe fruits, and in honey; levulose. The name is also, though rarely, applied to invert sugar, or to the natural mixture or dextrose and levulose resembling it, and found in fruits and honey. -- Fruit tree (Hort.), a tree cultivated for its edible fruit. -- Fruit worm (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of insect larv\'91: which live in the interior of fruit. They are mostly small species of Lepidoptera and Diptera. -- Small fruits (Hort.), currants, raspberries, strawberries, etc.

Fruit

Fruit (?), v. i. To bear fruit. Chesterfield.

Fruitage

Fruit"age (?), n. [F. fruitage.]

1. Fruit, collectively; fruit, in general; fruitery.

The trees . . . ambrosial fruitage bear. Milton.

2. Product or result of any action; effect, good or ill.

Fruiter

Fruit"er (?), a. A ship for carrying fruit.

Fruiterer

Fruit"er*er (?), n. [Cf. F. fruitier.] One who deals in fruit; a seller of fruits.

Fruiteress

Fruit"er*ess, n. A woman who sells fruit.

Fruitery

Fruit"er*y (?), n.; pl. Fruiteries (#). [F. fruiterie place where fruit is kept, in OF. also, fruitage.]

1. Fruit, taken collectively; fruitage. J. Philips.

2. A repository for fruit. Johnson.

Fruitestere

Fruit"es*tere (?), n. A fruiteress. [Obs.]

Ftuitful

Ftuit"ful (?), a. Full of fruit; producing fruit abundantly; bearing results; prolific; fertile; liberal; bountiful; as, a fruitful tree, or season, or soil; a fruitful wife. -- Fruit"ful*ly, adv. -- Fruit"ful*ness, n.
Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth. Gen. i. 28.
[Nature] By disburdening grows More fruitful. Milton.
The great fruitfulness of the poet's fancy. Addison.
Syn. -- Fertile; prolific; productive; fecund; plentiful; rich; abundant; plenteous. See Fertile.

Fruiting

Fruit"ing, a. Pertaining to, or producing, fruit.

Fruiting

Fruit"ing, n. The bearing of fruit.

Fruition

Fru*i"tion (?), n. [OF. fruition, L. fruitio, enjoyment, fr. L. frui, p. p. fruitus, to use or enjoy. See Fruit, n.] Use or possession of anything, especially such as is accompanied with pleasure or satisfaction; pleasure derived from possession or use. "Capacity of fruition." Rogers. "Godlike fruition." Milton.
Where I may have fruition of her love. Shak.

Fruitive

Fru"i*tive (?), a. [See Fruition.] Eujoying; possessing. [Obs.] Boyle.

Fruitless

Fruit"less (?), a.

1. Lacking, or not bearing, fruit; barren; destitute of offspring; as, a fruitless tree or shrub; a fruitless marriage. Shak.

2. Productive of no advantage or good effect; vain; idle; useless; unprofitable; as, a fruitless attempt; a fruitless controversy.

They in mutual accusation spent The fruitless hours. Milton.
Syn. -- Useless; barren; unprofitable; abortive; ineffectual; vain; idle; profitless. See Useless. -- Fruit"less*ly, adv. -- Fruit"lness*ness, n.

Fruit'y

Fruit'y (?), a. Having the odor, taste, or appearance of fruit; also, fruitful. Dickens.

Frumentaceous

Fru"men*ta"ceous (?), a. [L. frumentaceus, fr. frumentum corn or grain, from the root of frux fruit: cf. F. frumentac\'82. See Frugal.] Made of, or resembling, wheat or other grain.

Frumentarious

Fru`men*ta"ri*ous (?), a. [L. frumentarius.] Of or pertaining to wheat or grain. [R.] Coles.

Frumentation

Fru`men*ta"tion (?), n. [L. frumentatio.] (Rom. Antiq.) A largess of grain bestowed upon the people, to quiet them when uneasy.

Frumenty

Fru"men*ty (?), n. [OF. froment\'82e, fr. L. frumentum. See Frumentaceous.] Food made of hulled wheat boiled in milk, with sugar, plums, etc. [Written also furmenty and furmity.] Halliwell.

Frump

Frump (?), v. t. [Cf. Prov. E. frumple to wrinkle, ruffle, D. frommelen.] To insult; to flout; to mock; to snub. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Frump

Frump, n.

1. A contemptuous speech or piece of conduct; a gibe or flout. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. A cross, old-fashioned person; esp., an old woman; a gossip. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

Frumper

Frump"er (?), n. A mocker. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Frumpish

Frump"ish, a.

1. Cross-tempered; scornful. [Obs.]

2. Old-fashioned, as a woman's dress.

Our Bell . . . looked very frumpish. Foote.

Frush

Frush (?), v. t. [F. froisser to bruise. Cf. Froise.] To batter; to break in pieces. [Obs.]
I like thine armor well; I'll frush it and unlock the rivets all. Shak.

Frush

Frush, a. Easily broken; brittle; crisp.

Frush

Frush, n. Noise; clatter; crash. [R.] Southey.

Frush

Frush, n. [Cf. OE. frosch, frosk, a frog (the animal), G. frosch frog (the animal), also carney or lampass of horses. See Frog, n., 2.]

1. (Far.) The frog of a horse's foot.

2. A discharge of a fetid or ichorous matter from the frog of a horse's foot; -- also caled thrush.

Frustrable

Frus"tra*ble (?), a. [L. frustrabilis: cf. F. frustable.] Capable of beeing frustrated or defeated.

Frustraneous

Frus*tra"ne*ous (?), a. [See Frustrate, a.] Vain; useless; unprofitable. [Obs.] South.

Frustrate

Frus"trate (?), a. [L. frustratus, p. p. of frustrare, frustrari, to deceive, frustrate, fr. frustra in vain, witout effect, in erorr, prob. for frudtra and akin to fraus, E. fraud.] Vain; ineffectual; useless; unprofitable; null; voil; nugatory; of no effect. "Our frustrate search." Shak.

Frustrate

Frus"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Frustrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frustrating.]

1. To bring to nothing; to prevent from attaining a purpose; to disappoint; to defeat; to baffle; as, to frustrate a plan, design, or attempt; to frustrate the will or purpose.

Shall the adversary thus obtain His end and frustrate thine ? Milton.

2. To make null; to nullifly; to render invalid or of no effect; as, to frustrate a conveyance or deed. Syn. -- To balk; thwart; foil; baffle; defeat.

Frustrately

Frus"trate*ly (?), adv. In vain. [Obs.] Vicars.

Frustration

Frus*tra"tion (?), n. [L. frustratio: cf. OF. frustration.] The act of frustrating; disappointment; defeat; as, the frustration of one's designs

Frustrative

Frus"tra*tive (?), a. Tending to defeat; fallacious. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Frustratory

Frus"tra*to*ry (?), a. [L. frustrotorius: cf. F. frustratoire.] Making void; rendering null; as, a frustratory appeal. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

Frustule

Frus"tule (?), n. [L. frustulum, dim. fr. frustum a piece: cf. F. frustule.] (Bot.) The siliceous shell of a diatom. It is composed of two valves, one overlapping the other, like a pill box and its cover.

Frustulent

Frus"tu*lent (?), a. [L. frustulentus. See Frustule.] Abounding in fragments. [R.]

Frustum

Frus"tum (?), n.; pl. L. Frusta (#), E. Frustums (#). [L. fruslum piece, bit.]

1. (Geom.) The part of a solid next the base, formed by cutting off the, top; or the part of any solid, as of a cone, pyramid, etc., between two planes, which may be either parallel or inclined to each other.

2. (Arch.) One of the drums of the shaft of a column.

Frutage

Frut"age (?), n. [Cf. Fruitage.]

1. A picture of fruit; decoration by representation of fruit.

The cornices consist of frutages and festoons. Evelyn.

2. A confection of fruit. [Obs.] Nares.

Frutescent

Fru*tes"cent (?), a. [L. frulex, fruticis, shrub, bush: cf. F. frutescent, L. fruticescens, p. pr.] (Bot.) Somewhat shrubby in character; imperfectly shrubby, as the American species of Wistaria.

Frutex

Fru"tex (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A plant having a woody, durable stem, but less than a tree; a shrub.

Fruticant

Fru"ti*cant (?), a. [L. fruticans, p. pr. of fruticare, to become bushy, fr. frutex, fruticis, shrub.] Full of shoots. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Fruticose

Fru"ti*cose` (?), a. [L. fruticosus, from frutex, fruticis, shrub] (Bot.) Pertaining to a shrub or shrubs; branching like a shrub; shrubby; shrublike; as, a fruticose stem. Gray.

Fruticous

Fru"ti*cous (?), a. (Bot.) Fruticose. [R.]

Fruticulose

Fru*tic"u*lose` (?), a. [Dim. fr. L. fruticosus bushy: cf. F. fruticuleux.] (Bot.) Like, or pertaining to, a small shrub. Gray.

Fry

Fry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Frying.] [OE. frien, F. frire, fr. L. frigere to roast, parch, fry, cf. Gr. bhrajj. Cf. Fritter.] To cook in a pan or on a griddle (esp. with the use of fat, butter, or olive oil) by heating over a fire; to cook in boiling lard or fat; as, to fry fish; to fry doughnuts.

Fry

Fry, v. i.

1. To undergo the process of frying; to be subject to the action of heat in a frying pan, or on a griddle, or in a kettle of hot fat.

2. To simmer; to boil. [Obs.]

With crackling flames a caldron fries. Dryden
The frothy billows fry. Spenser.

3. To undergo or cause a disturbing action accompanied with a sensation of heat.

To keep the oil from frying in the stomach. Bacon.

4. To be agitated; to be greatly moved. [Obs.]

What kindling motions in their breasts do fry. Fairfax.

Ery

Ery, n.

1. A dish of anything fried.

2. A state of excitement; as, to be in a fry. [Colloq.]

Fry

Fry, n. [OE. fri, fry, seed, descendants, cf. OF. froye spawning, spawn of. fishes, little fishes, fr. L. fricare tosub (see Friction), but cf. also Icel. fr\'91, frj\'d3, seed, Sw. & Dan. fr\'94, Goth. fraiw seed, descendants.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) The young of any fish.

2. A swarm or crowd, especially of little fishes; young or small things in general.

The fry of children young. Spenser.
To sever . . . the good fish from the other fry. Milton.
We have burned two frigates, and a hundred and twenty small fry. Walpole.

Frying

Fry"ing, n. The process denoted by the verb fry. Frying pan, an iron pan with a long handle, used for frying meat. vegetables, etc.

Fuage

Fu"age (?), n. Same as Fumage.

Fuar

Fu"ar (?), n. Same as Feuar.

Fub, Fubs

Fub (?), Fubs (
, n. [Cf. Fob a pocket.] A plump young person or child. [Obs.] Smart.

Fub

Fub, v. t. [The same word as fob to cheat.] To put off by trickery; to cheat. [Obs.]
I have been fubbed off, and fubbed off, and fabbed off, from this day to that day. Shak.

Fubbery

Fub"ber*y (?), n. Cheating; deception. Marston.

Fubby, Fubsy

Fub"by (?), Fub"sy (?) a. Plump; chubby; short and stuffy; as a fubsy sofa. [Eng.]
A fubsy, good-humored, silly . . . old maid. Mme. D'Arblay.

Fucate, Fucated

Fu"cate (?), Fu"ca*ted (?) a. [L. fucatus, p. p. of fucare to color, paint, fr. fucus.] Painted; disguised with paint, or with false show.

Fuchs

Fuchs (?), n. [G., prop., a fox.] (German Univ.) A student of the first year.

Fuchsia

Fuch"si*a (?), n.; pl. E. Fuchsias (#), L. Fuchsl\'91 (#). [NL. Named after Leonard Fuchs, a German botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of flowering plants having elegant drooping flowers, with four sepals, four petals, eight stamens, and a single pistil. They are natives of Mexico and South America. Double-flowered varieties are now common in cultivation.
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Fuchsine

Fuch"sine (?), n. [Named by the French inventor, from Fuchs a fox, the German equivalent of his own name, Renard.] (Chem.) Aniline red; an artificial coal-tar dyestuff, of a metallic green color superficially, resembling cantharides, but when dissolved forming a brilliant dark red. It consists of a hydrochloride or acetate of rosaniline. See Rosaniline.

Fucivorous

Fu*civ"o*rous (?), a. [Fucus + L. vorare to eat.] (Zo\'94l.) Eating fucus or other seaweeds.

Fucoid

Fu"coid (?), a. [Fucus + -oid.] (Bot.) (a) Properly, belonging to an order of alga: (Fucoide\'91) which are blackish in color, and produce o\'94spores which are not fertilized until they have escaped from the conceptacle. The common rockweeds and the gulfweed (Sargassum) are fucoid in character. (b) In a vague sense, resembling seaweeds, or of the nature of seaweeds.

Fucoid

Fu"coid, n. (Bot.) A plant, whether recent or fossil, which resembles a seaweed. See Fucoid, a.

Fucoidal

Fu*coid"al (?), a.

1. (Bot.) Fucoid.

2. (Geol.) Containing impressions of fossil fucoids or seaweeds; as, fucoidal sandstone.

Fucus

Fu"cus (?), n.; pl. Fuci (#). [L. rock lichen, orchil, used as a red dye, red or purple color, disguise, deceit.]

1. A paint; a dye; also, false show. [Obs.]

2. (Bot.) A genus of tough, leathery seaweeds, usually of a dull brownish green color; rockweed. &hand; Formerly most marine alg? were called fuci.

Fucusol

Fu"cu*sol (?), n. [Fucus + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) An oily liquid, resembling, and possibly identical with, furfurol, and obtained from fucus, and other seaweeds.

Fud

Fud (?), n. [Of uncertain origin.]

1. The tail of a hare, coney, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.

2. Woolen waste, for mixing with mungo and shoddy.

Fudder

Fud"der (?), n. See Fodder, a weight.

Fuaddle

Fuad"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p., Fuddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fuddling (?).] [Perh. formed as a kind of dim. of full. Cf. Fuzzle.] To make foolish by drink; to cause to become intoxicated. [Colloq.]
I am too fuddled to take care to observe your orders. Steele.

Fuddle

Fud"dle, v. i. To drink to excess. [Colloq.]

Fuddler

Fud"dler (?), n. A drunkard. [Colloq.] Baxter.

Fudge

Fudge (?), n. [Cf. Prov. F. fuche, feuche, an interj. of contempt.] A made-up story; stuff; nonsense; humbug; -- often an exclamation of contempt.

Fudge

Fudge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fudged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fudging.]

1. To make up; to devise; to contrive; to fabricate.

Fudged up into such a smirkish liveliness. N. Fairfax.

2. To foist; to interpolate.

That last "suppose" is fudged in. Foote
.

Fudge wheel

Fudge" wheel" (?). (Shoemaking) A tool for ornamenting the edge of a sole.

Fuegian

Fu*e"gi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Terra del Fuego. -- n. A native of Terra del Fuego.

Fuel

Fu"el (?), n. [OF. fouail, fuail, or fouaille, fuaille, LL. focalium, focale, fr. L. focus hearth, fireplace, in LL., fire. See Focus.] [Formerly written also fewel.]

1. Any matter used to produce heat by burning; that which feeds fire; combustible matter used for fires, as wood, coal, peat, etc.

2. Anything that serves to feed or increase passion or excitement. Artificial fuel, fuel consisting of small particles, as coal dust, sawdust, etc., consolidated into lumps or blocks.

Fael

Fa"el, v. t.

1. To feed with fuel. [Obs.]

Never, alas I the dreadful name, That fuels the infernal flame. Cowley.

2. To store or furnish with fuel or firing. [Obs.]

Well watered and well fueled. Sir H. Wotton.

Fueler

Fu"el*er (?), n. One who, or that which, supplies fuel. [R.] [Written also fueller.] Donne.

Fuero

Fu*e"ro (?), n. [Sp., fr. L. forum.] (Sp. Law) (a) A code; a charter; a grant of privileges. (b) A custom having the force of law. (c) A declaration by a magistrate. (d) A place where justice is administered. (e) The jurisdiction of a tribunal. Burrill.

Fuff

Fuff (?), v. t. & i. [Of imitative origin. Cf. Puff.] To puff. [Prov. Eng. A Local, U. S.] Halliwel.

Fuffy

Fuff"y, a. Light; puffy. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]

Fuga

Fu"ga (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A fugue.

Fugacious

Fu*ga"cious (?), a. [L. fugax, fugacis, from fugere: cf. F. fugace. See Fugitive.]

1. Flying, or disposed to fly; fleeing away; lasting but a short time; volatile.

Much of its possessions is so hid, so fugacious, and of so uncertain purchase. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Biol.) Fleeting; lasting but a short time; -- applied particularly to organs or parts which are short-lived as compared with the life of the individual.

Fugaciousness

Fu*ga"cious*ness, n. Fugacity. [Obs.]

Fugacity

Fu*gac"i*ty (?), a. [L fugacitas: cf. F. fugacit\'82.]

1. The quality of being fugacious; fugaclousness; volatility; as, fugacity of spirits. Boyle.

2. Uncertainty; instability. Johnson.

Fugacy

Fu"ga*cy (?), n. Banishment. [Obs.] Milton.

Fugato

Fu*ga"to (?), a. (Mus.) in the gugue style, but not strictly like a fugue. -- n. A composition resembling a fugue.

Fugh

Fugh (?), interj. An exclamation of disgust; foh; faugh. Dryden.

Fughetta

Fu*ghet"ta (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) a short, condensed fugue. Grove.

Fugitive

Fu"gi*tive (?), a. [OE. fugitif, F. fugitif, fr. L. fugitivus, fr. fugere to flee. See Bow to bend, and cf. Feverfew.]

1. Fleeing from pursuit, danger, restraint, etc., escaping, from service, duty etc.; as, a fugitive solder; a fugitive slave; a fugitive debtor.

The fugitive Parthians follow. Shak.
Can a fugitive daughter enjoy herself while her parents are in tear? Richardson
A libellous pamphlet of a fugitive physician. Sir H. Wotton.

2. Not fixed; not durable; liable to disappear or fall away; volatile; uncertain; evanescent; liable to fade; -- applied to material and immaterial things; as, fugitive colors; a fugitive idea.

The me more tender and fugitive parts, the leaves . . . of vegatables. Woodward.
Fugitive compositions, Such as are short and occasional, and so published that they quickly escape notice. Syn. -- Fleeting; unstable; wandering; uncertain; volatile; fugacious; fleeing; evanescent.

Fugitive

Fu"gi*tive (?), n.

1. One who flees from pursuit, danger, restraint, service, duty, etc.; a deserter; as, a fugitive from justice.

2. Something hard to be caught or detained.

Or Catch that airy fugitive called wit. Harte.
Fugitive from justice (Law), one who, having committed a crime in one jurisdiction, flees or escapes into another to avoid punishment.

Fugitively

Fu"gi*tive*ly, adv. In a fugitive manner.

Fugitiveness

Fu"gi*tive*ness, n. The quality or condition of being fugitive; evanescence; volatility; fugacity; instability.

Fugle

Fu"gle (?), v. i. To maneuver; to move hither and thither. [Colloq.]
Wooden arms with elbow joints jerking and fugling in the air. Carlyle.

Fugleman

Fu"gle*man (?), n.; pl. Fuglemen (#). [G. fl\'81gelmann file leader; fl\'81gel wing (akin to E. fly) + mann man. Cf. Flugrelman.]

1. (Mil.) A soldier especially expert and well drilled, who takes his place in front of a military company, as a guide for the others in their exercises; a file leader. He originally stood in front of the right wing. [Written also flugelman.]

2. Hence, one who leads the way. [Jocose]

Fugue

Fugue (?), n. [F., fr. It. fuga, fr. L. fuga a fleeing, flight, akin to fugere to fiee. See Fugitive.] (Mus.) A polyphonic composition, developed from a given theme or themes, according to strict contrapuntal rules. The theme is first given out by one voice or part, and then, while that pursues its way, it is repeated by another at the interval of a fifth or fourth, and so on, until all the parts have answered one by one, continuing their several melodies and interweaving them in one complex progressive whole, in which the theme is often lost and reappears.
All parts of the scheme are eternally chasing each other, like the parts of a fugue. Jer. Taylor.

Fuguist

Fu"guist (?), n. (Mus.) A musician who composes or performs fugues. Busby.

-ful

-ful (?). [See Full, a.] A suffix signifying full of, abounding with; as, boastful, harmful, woeful.

Fulahs, Foolahs

Fu"lahs`, Foo"lahs` (, n. pl.; sing. Fulah, Foolan (. (Ethnol.) A peculiar African race of uncertain origin, but distinct from the negro tribes, inhabiting an extensive region of Western Soudan. Their color is brown or yellowish bronze. They are Mohammedans. Called also Fellatahs, Foulahs, and Fellani. Fulah is also used adjectively; as, Fulah empire, tribes, language.

Fulbe

Ful"be (?), n. (Ethnol.) Same as Fulahs.

Fuldble

Ful"d*ble (?), a. [L. fulcire to prop.] Capable of being propped up. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Fulciment

Ful"ci*ment (?), n. [L. fulcimentum, fr. fulcire to prop.] A prop; a fulcrum. [Obs.] Bp. Wilkins.

Fulcra

Ful"cra (?), n. pl. See Fulcrum.

Fulcrate

Ful"crate (?), a. [See Fulcrum.]

1. (Bot.) Propped; supported by accessory organs. [R.] Gray.

2. Furnished with fulcrums.

Fulcrum

Ful"crum (?), n.; pl. L. Fulcra (#), E. Fulcrums (#). [L., bedpost, fr. fulcire to prop.]

1. A prop or support.

2. (Mech.) That by which a lever is sustained, or about which it turns in lifting or moving a body.

3. (Bot.) An accessory organ such as a tendril, stipule, spine, and the like. [R.] Gray.

4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The horny inferior surface of the lingua of certain insects. (b) One of the small, spiniform scales found on the front edge of the dorsal and caudal fins of many ganoid fishes.

5. (Anat.) The connective tissue supporting the framework of the retina of the eye.

Fulfill

Ful*fill" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fulfilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fulfilling.] [OE. fulfillen, fulfullen, AS. fulfyllan; ful full + fyllan to fill. See
Full, a., and Fill, v. t.] [Written also fulfil.]

1. To fill up; to make full or complete. [>Obs.] "Fulfill her week" Gen. xxix. 27.

Suffer thou that the children be fulfilled first, for it is not good to take the bread of children and give to hounds. Wyclif (Mark vii. 27).

2. To accomplish or carry into effect, as an intention, promise, or prophecy, a desire, prayer, or requirement, etc.; to complete by performance; to answer the requisitions of; to bring to pass, as a purpose or design; to effectuate.

He will, fulfill the desire of them fear him. Ps. cxlv. 199.
Here Nature seems fulfilled in all her ends. Milton.
Servants must their masters' minds fulfill. Shak.

Fulfiller

Ful*fill"er (?), n. One who fulfills. South.

Fulfillment

Ful*fill"ment (?), n. [Written also fulfilment.]

1. The act of fulfilling; accomplishment; completion; as, the fulfillment of prophecy.

2. Execution; performance; as, the fulfillment of a promise.

Fulgency

Fulgen*cy (?), n. [See fulgent.] Brightness; splendor; glitter; effulgence. Bailey.

Fulgent

Ful"gent (?), a. [L. fulgens, -entis, p. pr. of fulgere to flash, glitter, shine, akin to Gr. Phlox, Flagrant.] Exquisitely bright; shining; dazzling; effulgent.
Other Thracians . . . fulgent morions wore. Glower.

Fulgently

Ful"gent*ly, adv. Dazzlingly; glitteringly.

Fulgid

Ful"gid (?), a. [L. fulgidus. See Fulgent.] Shining; glittering; dazzling. [R.] Pope.

Fulgidity

Ful*gid"i*ty (?), n. Splendor; resplendence; effulgence. [R.] Bailey.

Fulgor

Ful"gor (?), n. [L. fulgor, fr. fulgere to shine.] Dazzling brightness; splendor. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Fulgurant

Ful"gu*rant (?) a. [L. fulgurans, p. pr. of fulgurare.] Lightening. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Fulgurata

Ful"gu*ra"ta (?), n. [NL.] (Electricity) A spectro-electric tube in which the decomposition of a liquid by the passage of an electric spark is observed. Knight.

Fulgurate

Ful"gu*rate (?), v. i. [L. fulguratus, p. p. of fulgurare to flash, fr. fulgur lightning, fr. fulgere to shine. See Fulgent.] To flash as lightning. [R.]

Fulgurating

Ful"gu*ra`ting (?), a. (Med.) Resembling lightning; -- used to describe intense lancinating painsaccompanying locomotor ataxy.

Fulguration

Ful"gu*ra`tion (?), n. [L. fulguratio: cf. F. fulguration.]

1. The act of lightening. [R.] Donne.

2. (Assaying) The sudden brightening of a fused globule of gold or silver, when the last film of the oxide of lead or copper leaves its surface; -- also called blick.

A phenomenon called, by the old chemists, fulguration. Ure.

Fulgurite

Ful"gu*rite (?), n. [L. fulguritus, p. p. of fulgurire to strike with lightning, fr. fulgur lightning: cf. F. fulgurite.] A vitrified sand tube produced by the striking of lightning on sand; a lightning tube; also, the portion of rock surface fused by a lightning discharge.

Fulgury

Ful"gu*ry (?), n. [L. fulgur.] Lightning. [Obs.]

Fulham

Ful"ham (?), n. [So named because supposed to have been chiefly made at Fulham, in Middlesex, Eng.) A false die. [Cant] [Written also fullam.] Shak.

Fuliginosity

Fu*lig"i*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fuliginosit\'82.] The condition or quality of being fuliginous; sootiness; matter deposited by smoke. [R.]

Fuliginous

Fu*lig"i*nous (?), a. [L. fuliginosus, from fuligo soot: cf. F. fuligineux. See Fume.]

1. Pertaining to soot; sooty; dark; dusky.

2. Pertaining to smoke; resembling smoke.

Fuliginously

Fu*lig"i*nous*ly, adv. In a smoky manner.

Fulimart

Fu"li*mart (?), n. Same as Foumart.

Full

Full (?), a. [Compar. Fuller (?); superl. Fullest.] [OE. & AS. ful; akin to OS. ful, D. vol, OHG. fol, G. voll, Icel. fullr, Sw. full, Dan. fuld, Goth. fulls, L. plenus, Gr. p, pr to fill, also to Gr. poly-, pref., G. viel, AS. fela. &root;80. Cf. Complete, Fill, Plenary, Plenty.]

1. Filled up, having within its limits all that it can contain; supplied; not empty or vacant; -- said primarily of hollow vessels, and hence of anything else; as, a cup full of water; a house full of people.

Had the throne been full, their meeting would not have been regular. Blackstone.

2. Abundantly furnished or provided; sufficient in. quantity, quality, or degree; copious; plenteous; ample; adequate; as, a full meal; a full supply; a full voice; a full compensation; a house full of furniture.

3. Not wanting in any essential quality; complete, entire; perfect; adequate; as, a full narrative; a person of full age; a full stop; a full face; the full moon.

It came to pass, at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed. Gen. xii. 1.
The man commands Like a full soldier. Shak.
I can not Request a fuller satisfaction Than you have freely granted. Ford.

4. Sated; surfeited.

I am full of the burnt offerings of rams. Is. i. 11.

5. Having the mind filled with ideas; stocked with knowledge; stored with information.

Reading maketh a full man. Bacon.

6. Having the attention, thoughts, etc., absorbed in any matter, and the feelings more or less excited by it, as, to be full of some project.

Every one is full of the miracles done by cold baths on decayed and weak constitutions. Locke.

7. Filled with emotions.

The heart is so full that a drop overfills it. Lowell.

8. Impregnated; made pregnant. [Obs.]

Ilia, the fair, . . . full of Mars. Dryden.
At full, when full or complete. Shak. -- Full age (Law) the age at which one attains full personal rights; majority; -- in England and the United States the age of 21 years. Abbott. -- Full and by (Naut.), sailing closehauled, having all the sails full, and lying as near the wind as poesible. -- Full band (Mus.), a band in which all the instruments are employed. -- Full binding, the binding of a book when made wholly of leather, as distinguished from half binding. -- Full bottom, a kind of wig full and large at the bottom. -- Full brother ∨ sister, a brother or sister having the same parents as another. -- Full cry (Hunting), eager chase; -- said of hounds that have caught the scent, and give tongue together. -- Full dress, the dress prescribed by authority or by etiquette to be worn on occasions of ceremony. -- Full hand (Poker), three of a kind and a pair. -- Full moon. (a) The moon with its whole disk illuminated, as when opposite to the sun. (b) The time when the moon is full. -- Full organ (Mus.), the organ when all or most stops are out. -- Full score (Mus.), a score in which all the parts for voices and instruments are given. -- Full sea, high water. -- Full swing, free course; unrestrained liberty; "Leaving corrupt nature to . . . the full swing and freedom of its own extravagant actings." South (Colloq.) -- In full, at length; uncontracted; unabridged; written out in words, and not indicated by figures. -- In full blast. See under Blast.
Page 602

Full

Full (?), n. Complete measure; utmost extent; the highest state or degree.
The swan's-down feather, That stands upon the swell at full of tide. Shak.
Full of the moon, the time of full moon.

Full

Full, adv. Quite; to the same degree; without abatement or diminution; with the whole force or effect; thoroughly; completely; exactly; entirely.
The pawn I proffer shall be full as good. Dryden.
The diapason closing full in man. Dryden.
Full in the center of the sacred wood. Addison.
&hand; Full is placed before adjectives and adverbs to heighten or strengthen their signification. "Full sad." Milton. "Master of a full poor cell." Shak. "Full many a gem of purest ray serene." T. Gray. Full is also prefixed to participles to express utmost extent or degree; as, full-bloomed, full-blown, full-crammed full-grown, full-laden, full-stuffed, etc. Such compounds, for the most part, are self-defining.

Full

Full, v. i. To become full or wholly illuminated; as, the moon fulls at midnight.

Full

Full, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fulling.] [OE. fullen, OF. fuler, fouler, F. fouler, LL. fullare, fr. L. fullo fuller, cloth fuller, cf. Gr. fullian to whiten as a fuller, to baptize, fullere a fuller. Cf. Defile to foul, Foil to frustrate, Fuller. n. ] To thicken by moistening, heating, and pressing, as cloth; to mill; to make compact; to scour, cleanse, and thicken in a mill.

Full

Full, v. i. To become fulled or thickened; as, this material fulls well.

Fullage

Full"age (?), n. The money or price paid for fulling or cleansing cloth. Johnson.

Fullam

Ful"lam (?), n. A false die. See Fulham.

Full-blooded

Full"-blood`ed (?), a.

1. Having a full supply of blood.

2. Of pure blood; thoroughbred; as, a full-blooded horse.

Full-bloomed

Full"-bloomed` (?), a. Like a perfect blossom. "Full-bloomed lips." Crashaw.

Full-blown

Full"-blown` (?), a.

1. Fully expanded, as a blossom; as, a full-bloun rose. Denham.

2. Fully distended with wind, as a sail. Dryden.

Full-bottomed

Full"-bot"tomed (?), a.

1. Full and large at the bottom, as wigs worn by certain civil officers in Great Britain.

2. (Naut.) Of great capacity below the water line.

Full-butt

Full"-butt" (?), adv. With direct and violentop position; with sudden collision. [Colloq.] L'Estrange.

Full-drive

Full`-drive" (?), adv. With full speed. [Colloq.]

Fuller

Full"er (?), n. [AS. fullere, fr. L. fullo. See Full, v. t.] One whose occupation is to full cloth. Fuller's earth, a variety of clay, used in scouring and cleansing cloth, to imbibe grease. -- Fuller's herb (Bot.), the soapwort (Saponaria officinalis), formerly used to remove stains from cloth. -- Fuller's thistle ∨ weed (Bot.), the teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) whose burs are used by fullers in dressing cloth. See Teasel.

Fuller

Full"er, n. [From Full, a.] (Blacksmith's Work) A die; a half-round set hammer, used for forming grooves and spreading iron; -- called also a creaser.

Fuller

Full"er, v. t. To form a groove or channel in, by a fuller or set hammer; as, to fuller a bayonet.

Fullery

Full"er*y (?), n.; pl. Fulleries (. The place or the works where the fulling of cloth is carried on.

Full-formed

Full"-formed` (?), a. Full in form or shape; rounded out with flesh.
The full-formed maids of Afric. Thomson.

Full-grown

Full"-grown` (?), a. Having reached the limits of growth; mature. "Full-grown wings." Lowell.

Full-hearted

Full"-heart`ed (?), a. Full of courage or confidence. Shak.

Full-hot

Full"-hot` (?), a. Very fiery. Shak.

Fulling

Full"ing, n. The process of cleansing, shrinking, and thickening cloth by moisture, heat, and pressure. Fulling mill, a mill for fulling cloth as by means of pesties or stampers, which alternately fall into and rise from troughs where the cloth is placed with hot water and fuller's earth, or other cleansing materials.

Full-manned

Full"-manned` (?), a. Completely furnished wiith men, as a ship.

Fullmart

Full"mart" (?), n. See Foumart. B. Jonson.

Fullness

Full"ness, n. The state of being full, or of abounding; abundance; completeness. [Written also fulness.]
"In thy presence is fullness of joy." Ps. xvi. 11.

Fullonical

Ful*lon"i*cal (?), a. [L. fullonicus, from fullo a cloth fuller.] Pertaining to a fuller of cloth. [Obs.] Blount.

Full-orbed

Full"-orbed` (, a. Having the orb or disk complete or fully illuminated; like the full moon.

Full-sailed

Full"-sailed` (?), a. Having all its sails set,; hence, without restriction or reservation. Massinger.

Full-winged

Full"-winged` (?), a.

1. Having large and strong or complete wings. Shak.

2. Beady for flight; eager. [Archaic] Beau. & Fl.

Fully

Ful"ly (?), adv. In a full manner or degree; completely; entirely; without lack or defect; adequately; satisfactorily; as, to be fully persuaded of the truth of a proposition. Fully committed (Law), committed to prison for trial, in distinction from being detained for examination. Syn. -- Completely; entirely; maturely; plentifuly; abundantly; plenteously; copiously; largely; amply; sufficiently; perfectly.

Fulmar

Ful"mar (f&ucr;lm&aum;r), n. [Icel. f&umac;lm&amac;r. See foul, and Man a gull.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of sea birds, of the family procellariid\'91, allied to the albatrosses and petrels. Among the well-known species are the arctic fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) (called also fulmar petrel, malduck, and mollemock), and the giant fulmar (Ossifraga gigantea).

Fulminant

Ful"mi*nant (?), a. [L. fulminans, p. pr. of fulminare to lighten: cf. F. fulminant.] Thundering; fulminating. [R.] Bailey.

Fulminate

Ful"mi*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fulminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fulminating.] [L. fulminatus, p. p. of fulminare to lighten, strike with lightning, fr. fulmen thunderbolt, fr. fulgere to shine. See Fulgent, and cf. Fulmine.]

1. To thunder; hence, to make a loud, sudden noise; to detonate; to explode with a violent report.

2. To issue or send forth decrees or censures with the assumption of supreme authority; to thunder forth menaces.

Fulminate

Ful"mi*nate, v. t.

1. To cause to explode. Sprat.

2. To utter or send out with denunciations or censures; -- said especially of menaces or censures uttered by ecclesiastical authority.

They fulminated the most hostile of all decrees. De Quincey.

Fulminate

Ful"mi*nate (?), n. [Cf. P. fulminate. See Fulminate, v. i.] (Chem.) (a) A salt of fulminic acid. See under Fulminic. (b) A fulminating powder. Fulminate of gold, an explosive compound of gold; -- called also fulminating gold, and aurum fulminans.

Fulminating

Ful"mi*na"ting (?), a.

1. Thundering; exploding in a peculiarly sudden or violent manner.

2. Hurling denunciations, menaces, or censures. Fulminating oil, nitroglycerin. -- Fulminating powder (Chem.) any violently explosive powder, but especially one of the fulminates, as mercuric fulminate.

Fulmination

Ful"mi*na`tion (?), n. [L. fulminatio a darting of lightning: cf. F. fulmination.]

1. The act of fulminating or exploding; detonation.

2. The act of thundering forth threats or censures, as with authority.

3. That which is fulminated or thundered forth; vehement menace or censure.

The fulminations from the Vatican were turned into ridicule. Ayliffe.

Fulminatory

Ful"mi*na*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. fulminatoire.] Thundering; striking terror. Cotgrave.

Fulmine

Ful"mine (?), v. i. [F. fulminer. See Fulminate, v.] To thunder. [Obs.] Spenser. Milton.

Fulmine

Ful"mine, v. t. To shoot; to dart like lightning; to fulminate; to utter with authority or vehemence.
She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique. Tennyson.

Fulmineous

Ful*min"e*ous (?), a. [L. fulmen thunder.] Of, or concerning thunder.

Fulmiaic

Ful*mia"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. fulminique.] Pertaining to fulmination; detonating; specifically (Chem.), pertaining to, derived from, or denoting, an acid, so called; as, fulminic acid. Fulminic acid (Chem.), a complex acid, H2C2N2O2, isomeric with cyanic and cyanuric acids, and not known in the free state, but forming a large class of highly explosive salts, the fulminates. Of these, mercuric fulminate, the most common, is used, mixed with niter, to fill percussion caps, charge cartridges, etc. -- Fulminic acid is made by the action of nitric acid on alcohol.

Fulminuric

Ful"mi*nu"ric (?), a. [Fulminic + cyanuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to fulminic and cyanuric acids, and designating an acid so called. Fulminuric acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline, explosive subatance, H3C3N3O3, forming well known salts, and obtained from the fulnunates. It is isomeric with cyanuric acid, and hence is also called isocyanuric acid.

Falness

Fal"ness (?), n. See Fullness.

Fulsamic

Ful*sam"ic (?), a. [See Fulsome.] Fulsome. [Obs.]

Fulsome

Ful"some (?), a. [Full, a. + -some.]

1. Full; abundant; plenteous; not shriveled. [Obs.]

His lean, pale, hoar, and withered corpse grew fulsome, fair, and fresh. Golding.

2. Offending or disgusting by overfullness, excess, or grossness; cloying; gross; nauseous; esp., offensive from excess of praise; as, fulsome flattery.

And lest the fulsome artifice should fail Themselves will hide its coarseness with a veil. Cowper.

3. Lustful; wanton; obscene; also, tending to obscenity. [Obs.] "Fulsome ewes." Shak. -- Ful"some*ly, adv. -- Ful"some*ness, n. Dryden.

Fulvid

Ful"vid (?), a. [LL. fulvidus, fr. L. fulvus.] Fulvous. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Fulvous

Ful"vous (?), a. [L. fulvus.] Tawny; dull yellow, with a mixture of gray and brown. Lindley.

Fum

Fum (?), v. i. To play upon a fiddle. [Obs.]
Follow me, and fum as you go. B. Jonson.

Fumacious

Fu*ma"cious (?), a. [From Fume.] Smoky; hence, fond of smoking; addicted to smoking tobacco.

Fumade, Fumado

Fu*made" (?), Fu*ma"do (
, n.; pl. Fumades (#), Fumadoes (#). [Sp. fumodo smoked, p. p. of fumar to smoke, fr. L. fumare. See Fume, v. i.] A salted and smoked fish, as the pilchard.

Fumage

Fu"mage (?), n. [OF. fumage, fumaige, fr. L. fumus smoke.] Hearth money.
Fumage, or fuage, vulgarly called smoke farthings. Blackstone.

Fumarate

Fu"ma*rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of fumaric acid.

Fumaric

Fu*mar"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, fumitory (Fumaria officinalis). Fumaric acid (Chem.), a widely occurring organic acid, exttracted from fumitory as a white crystallline substance, C2H2(CO2H)2, and produced artificially in many ways, as by the distillation of malic acid; boletic acid. It is found also in the lichen, Iceland moss, and hence was also called lichenic acid.

Fumarine

Fu"ma*rine (?), n. [L. fumus smoke, fume.] (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from fumitory, as a white crystalline substance.

Fumarole

Fu"ma*role (?), n. [It. fumaruola, fr. fumo smoke, L. fumus: cf. F. fumerolle, fumarolle.] A hole or spot in a volcanic or other region, from which fumes issue.

Fumatory

Fu"ma*to*ry (?), n. See Fumitory. [Obs.]

Fumble

Fum"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fumbling (?).] [Akin to D. fommelen to crumple, fumble, Sw. fumla to fusuble, famla to grope, Dan. famle to grope, fumble, Icel. falme, AS. folm palm of the hand. See Feel, and cf. Fanble, Palm.]

1. To feel or grope about; to make awkward attempts to do or find something.

Adams now began to fumble in his pockets. Fielding.

2. To grope about in perplexity; to seek awkwardly; as, to fumble for an excuse. Dryden.

My understanding flutters and my memory fumbles. Chesterfield.
Alas! how he fumbles about the domains. Wordsworth.

3. To handle much; to play childishly; to turn over and over.

I saw him fumble with the sheets, and play with flowers. Shak.

Fumble

Fum"ble, v. t. To handle or manage awkwardly; to crowd or tumble together. Shak.

Fumbler

Fum"bler (?), n. One who fumbles.

Fumblingly

Fum"bling*ly (?), adv. In the manner of one who fumbles.

Fume

Fume (?), n. [L. fumus; akin to Skr. dh smoke, dh to shake, fan a flame, cf. Gr. fum smoke, F. fum\'82e. Cf. Dust, n., Femerell, Thyme.]

1. Exhalation; volatile matter (esp. noxious vapor or smoke) ascending in a dense body; smoke; vapor; reek; as, the fumes of tobacco.

The fumes of new shorn hay. T. Warton.
The fumes of undigested wine. Dryden.

2. Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control; as, the fumes of passion. South.

3. Anything vaporlike, unsubstantial, or' airy; idle conceit; vain imagination.

A show of fumes and fancies. Bacon.

4. The incense of praise; inordinate flattery.

To smother him with fumes and eulogies. Burton.
In a fume, in ill temper, esp. from impatience.

Fume

Fume, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fuming.] [Cf. F. fumer, L. fumare to smoke. See Fume, n.]

1. To smoke; to throw off fumes, as in combustion or chemical action; to rise up, as vapor.

Where the golden altar fumed. Milton.
Silenus lay, Whose constant cups lay fuming to his brain. Roscommon.

2. To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied.

Keep his brain fuming. Shak.

3. To pass off in fumes or vapors.

Their parts pre kept from fuming away by their fixity. Cheyne.

4. To be in a rage; to be hot with anger.

He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. Dryden.
While her mother did fret, and her father did fume. Sir W. Scott.
To tame away, to give way to excitement and displeasure; to storm; also, to pass off in fumes.

Fume

Fume, e. t.

1. To expose to the action of fumes; to treat with vapors, smoke, etc.; as, to bleach straw by fuming it with sulphur; to fill with fumes, vapors, odors, etc., as a room.

She fumed the temple with an odorous flame. Dryden.

2. To praise inordinately; to flatter.

They demi-deify and fume him so. Cowper.

3. To throw off in vapor, or as in the form of vapor.

The heat will fume away most of the scent. Montimer.
How vicious hearts fume frenzy to the brain! Young.

Fumeless

Fume"less, a. Free from fumes.

Fumer

Fum"er (?), n.

1. One that fumes.

2. One who makes or uses perfumes. [Obs.]

Embroiderers, feather makers, fumers. Beau. & Fl.

Fumerell

Fu"mer*ell (?), n. (Arch.) See Femerell.

Fumet

Fu"met (?), n. [Cf. F. fumier dung, OF. femier, fr. L. fimus dung.] The dung of deer. B. Jonson.

Fumet Fumette

Fu"met (?) Fu*mette" (?), n. [F. fumet odor, fume of wine or meat, fr. L. fumus smoke. See Fume, n.] The stench or high flavor of game or other meat when kept long. Swift.

Fumetere

Fu"me*tere" (?), n. Fumitory. [Obs.]

Fumid

Fu"mid (?), a. [L. fumidus, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.] Smoky; vaporous. Sir T. Broune.

Fumidity, Fumidness

Fu*mid"i*ty (?), Fu"mid*ness (?) n. The state of being fumid; smokiness.

Fumiferous

Fu*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. fumifer; fumus smoke + ferre to bear.] Producing smoke.

Fumifugist

Fu*mif"u*gist (?), n. [L. fumus smoke + fugare to put to flight, fugere to flee.] One who, or that which, drives away smoke or fumes.

Fumify

Fu"mi*fy (?), v. t. [Fume + -fy.] To subject to the action of smoke. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Fumigant

Fu"mi*gant (?), a. [L. fumigans, p. pr. of fumigare. See Fumigate.] Fuming. [R.]

Fumigate

Fu"mi*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fumigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fumigating (?).] [L. fumigate, p. p. of fumigare to fumigate, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume, n.]

1. To apply smoke to; to expose to smoke or vapor; to purify, or free from infection, by the use of smoke or vapors.

2. To smoke; to perfume. Dryden.

Fumigation

Fum`iga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. fumigation.]

1. The act of fumigating, or applying smoke or vapor, as for disinfection.

2. Vapor raised in the process of fumigating.

Fumigator

Fu"mi*ga`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, fumigates; an apparattus for fumigating.

Fumigatory

Fu"mi*ga*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. fumigatoire.] Having the quality of purifying by smoke. [R.]
Page 603

Fumlly

Fum"l*ly (?), adv. Smokily; with fume.

Fuming

Fum"ing, a. Producing fumes, or vapors. Cadet's fuming liquid (Chem.), alkarsin. -- Fuming liquor of Libsvius (Old Chem.), stannic chloride; the chloride of tin, SnCl4, forming a colorless, mobile liquid which fumes in the air. Mixed with water it solidifies to the so-called butter of tin. -- Fuming sulphuric acid. (Chem.) Same as Disulphuric acid, uder Disulphuric.

Fumingly

Fum"ing*ly, adv. In a fuming manner; angrily. "They answer fumingly." Hooker.

Famish

Fam"ish, a. Smoky; hot; choleric.

Fumishness

Fum"ish*ness, n. Choler; fretfulness; passion.

Fumitez

Fu"mi*tez` (?), n. (Bot.) Fumitory. [Obs.]

Fumitory

Fu"mi*to*ry (?), n. [OE. fumetere, F. fumeterre, prop., smoke of the ground, fr. L. fumus smoke + terra earth. See Fume, and Terrace.] (Bot.) The common uame of several species of the genus Fumaria, annual herbs of the Old World, with finely dissected leaves and small flowers in dense racemes or spikes. F. officinalis is a common species, and was formerly used as an antiscorbutic. Climbing fumitory (Bot.), the Alleghany vine (Adlumia cirrhosa); a biennial climbing plant with elegant feathery leaves and large clusters of pretty white or pinkish flowers looking like grains of rice.

Fummel

Fum"mel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A hinny.

Fumosity

Fu*mos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. OF. fumosit\'82.] The fumes of drink. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Fumous

Fum"ous (?), a. [L. fumosus, fr. fumus smoke: cf. F. fumeux.]

1. Producing smoke; smoky.

2. Producing fumes; full of fumes.

Garlic, onions, mustard, and such-like fumous things. Barough (1625).

Fumy

Fum"y (?), a. Producing fumes; fumous. "Drowned in fumy wine." H. Brooke.

Fun

Fun (?), n. [Perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. fonn pleasure.] Sport; merriment; frolicsome amusement. "Oddity, frolic, and fun." Goldsmith. To make fan of, to hold up to, or turn into, ridicule.

Funambulate

Fu*nam"bu*late (?), v. i. [See Funambulo.] To walk or to dance on a rope.

Funambulation

Fu*nam"bu*la`tion (?), n. Ropedancing.

Funambulatory

Fu*nam"bu*la`to*ry (?), a.

1. Performing like a ropedancer. Chambers.

2. Narrow, like the walk of a ropedancer.

This funambulatory track. Sir T. Browne.

Funambulist

Fu*nam"bu*list (?), n. A ropewalker or ropedancer.

Funambulo, Funambulus

Fu*nam"bu*lo (?), Fu*nam"bu*lus (?) n. [Sp. funambulo, or It. funambolo, fr. L. funambulus; funis rope (perh. akin to E. bind) + ambulare to walk. See Amble, and cf. Funambulist.] A ropewalker or ropedancer. [Obs.] Bacon.

Function

Func"tion (?), n. [L. functio, fr. fungi to perform, execute, akin to Skr. bhuj to enjoy, have the use of: cf. F. fonction. Cf. Defunct.]

1. The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or calling; per formance. "In the function of his public calling." Swift.

2. (Physiol.) The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism; as, the function of the heart or the limbs; the function of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of the functions of the various organs and parts of the body.

3. The natural or assigned action of any power or faculty, as of the soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an energy of some determinate kind.

As the mind opens, and its functions spread. Pope.

4. The course of action which peculiarly pertains to any public officer in church or state; the activity appropriate to any business or profession.

Tradesmen . . . going about their functions. Shak.
The malady which made him incapable of performing his regal functions. Macaulay.

5. (Math.) A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration in the former. Each quantity is said to be a function of the other. Thus, the circumference of a circle is a function of the diameter. If x be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such expressions as x2, 3x, Log. x, and Sin. x, are all functions of x. Algebraic function, a quantity whose connection with the variable is expressed by an equation that involves only the algebraic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a given power, and extracting a given root; -- opposed to transcendental function. -- Arbitrary function. See under Arbitrary. -- Calculus of functions. See under Calculus. -- Carnot's function (Thermo-dynamics), a relation between the amount of heat given off by a source of heat, and the work which can be done by it. It is approximately equal to the mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit divided by the number expressing the temperature in degrees of the air thermometer, reckoned from its zero of expansion. -- Circular functions. See Inverse trigonometrical functions (below). -- Continuous function, a quantity that has no interruption in the continuity of its real values, as the variable changes between any specified limits. -- Discontinuous function. See under Discontinuous. -- Elliptic functions, a large and important class of functions, so called because one of the forms expresses the relation of the arc of an ellipse to the straight lines connected therewith. -- Explicit function, a quantity directly expressed in terms of the independently varying quantity; thus, in the equations y = 6x2, y = 10 -x3, the quantity y is an explicit function of x. -- Implicit function, a quantity whose relation to the variable is expressed indirectly by an equation; thus, y in the equation x2 + y2 = 100 is an implicit function of x. -- Inverse trigonometrical functions, ∨ Circular function, the lengths of arcs relative to the sines, tangents, etc. Thus, AB is the arc whose sine is BD, and (if the length of BD is x) is written sin -1x, and so of the other lines. See Trigonometrical function (below). Other transcendental functions are the exponential functions, the elliptic functions, the gamma functions, the theta functions, etc. -- One-valued function, a quantity that has one, and only one, value for each value of the variable. -- Transcendental functions, a quantity whose connection with the variable cannot be expressed by algebraic operations; thus, y in the equation y = 10x is a transcendental function of x. See Algebraic function (above). -- Trigonometrical function, a quantity whose relation to the variable is the same as that of a certain straight line drawn in a circle whose radius is unity, to the length of a corresponding are of the circle. Let AB be an arc in a circle, whose radius OA is unity let AC be a quadrant, and let OC, DB, and AF be drawnpependicular to OA, and EB and CG parallel to OA, and let OB be produced to G and F. E Then BD is the sine of the arc AB; OD or EB is the cosine, AF is the tangent, CG is the cotangent, OF is the secant OG is the cosecant, AD is the versed sine, and CE is the coversed sine of the are AB. If the length of AB be represented by x (OA being unity) then the lengths of Functions. these lines (OA being unity) are the trigonometrical functions of x, and are written sin x, cos x, tan x (or tang x), cot x, sec x, cosec x, versin x, coversin x. These quantities are also considered as functions of the angle BOA.

Function, Functionate

Func"tion (?), Func"tion*ate (?), v. i. To execute or perform a function; to transact one's regular or appointed business.

Functional

Func"tion*al (?), a.

1. Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty; official.

2. (Physiol.) Pertaining to the function of an organ or part, or to the functions in general. Functional disease (Med.), a disease of which the symptoms cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change of structure; the derangement of an organ arising from a cause, often unknown, external to itself opposed to organic disease, in which the organ itself is affected.

Functionalize

Func"tion*al*ize (?), v. t. To assign to some function or office. [R.]

Functionally

Func"tion*al*ly, adv. In a functional manner; as regards normal or appropriate activity.
The organ is said to be functionally disordered. Lawrence.

Functionary

Func"tion*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Functionaries (#). [Cf. F. fonctionnaire.] One charged with the performance of a function or office; as, a public functionary; secular functionaries.

Functionless

Func"tion*less, a. Destitute of function, or of an appropriate organ. Darwin.

Fund

Fund (?), n. [OF. font, fond, nom. fonz, bottom, ground, F. fond bottom, foundation, fonds fund, fr. L. fundus bottom, ground, foundation, piece of land. See Found to establish.]

1. An aggregation or deposit of resources from which supplies are or may be drawn for carrying on any work, or for maintaining existence.

2. A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated as the foundation of some commercial or other operation undertaken with a view to profit; that reserve by means of which expenses and credit are supported; as, the fund of a bank, commercial house, manufacturing corporation, etc.

3. pl. The stock of a national debt; public securities; evidences (stocks or bonds) of money lent to government, for which interest is paid at prescribed intervals; -- called also public funds.

4. An invested sum, whose income is devoted to a specific object; as, the fund of an ecclesiastical society; a fund for the maintenance of lectures or poor students; also, money systematically collected to meet the expenses of some permanent object.

5. A store laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a supply; a full provision of resources; as, a fund of wisdom or good sense.

An inexhaustible fund of stories. Macaulay.
Sinking fund, the aggregate of sums of money set apart and invested, usually at fixed intervals, for the extinguishment of the debt of a government, or of a corporation, by the accumulation of interest.

Fund

Fund, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Funded; p. pr. & vb. n. Funding.]

1. To provide and appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the payment of the interest of; to make permanent provision of resources (as by a pledge of revenue from customs) for discharging the interest of or principal of; as, to fund government notes.

2. To place in a fund, as money.

3. To put into the form of bonds or stocks bearing regular interest; as, to fund the floating debt.

Fundable

Fund"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being funded, or converted into a fund; convertible into bonds.

Fundament

Fun"da*ment (?), n. [OE. fundament, fundement, fondement, OF. fundement, fondement, F. fondement, fr. L. fundamentum foundation, fr. fundare to lay the bottom, to found, fr. fundus bottom. See Fund.]

1. Foundation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. The part of the body on which one sits; the buttocks; specifically (Anat.), the anus. Hume.

Fundamental

Fun`da*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. fondamental.] Pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation. Hence: Essential, as an element, principle, or law; important; original; elementary; as, a fundamental truth; a fundamental axiom.
The fundamental reasons of this war. Shak.
Some fundamental antithesis in nature. Whewell.
Fundamental bass (Mus.), the root note of a chord; a bass formed of the roots or fundamental tones of the chords. -- Fundamental chord (Mus.), a chord, the lowest tone of which is its root. -- Fundamental colors, red, green, and violet-blue. See Primary colors, under Color.

Fundamental

Fun"da*men`tal, n. A leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article, which serves as the groundwork of a system; essential part, as, the fundamentals of the Christian faith.

Fundamentally

Fun`da*men"tal*ly, adv. Primarily; originally; essentially; radically; at the foundation; in origin or constituents. "Fundamentally defective." Burke.

Funded

Fund"ed (?), a.

1. Existing in the form of bonds bearing regular interest; as, funded debt.

2. Invested in public funds; as, funded money.

Fundholder

Fund"hold"er (?), a. One who has money invested in the public funds. J. S. Mill.

Funding

Fund"ing, a.

1. Providing a fund for the payment of the interest or principal of a debt.

2. Investing in the public funds. Funding system, a system or scheme of finance or revenue by which provision is made for paying the interest or principal of a public debt.

Funuless

Funu"less, a. Destitute of funds.

Fundus

Fun"dus (?), n. [L., bottom.] (Anat.) The bottom or base of any hollow organ; as, the fundus of the bladder; the fundus of the eye.

Funebrial

Fu*ne"bri*al (?), a. [L. funebris belonging to a funeral, fr. funus funeral.] Pertaining to a funeral or funerals; funeral; funereal. [Obs.] [Written also funebral.] Sir T. Browne.

Funebrious

Fu*ne"bri*ous (?), a. Funebrial. [Obs.]

Funeral

Fu"ner*al (?), n. [LL. funeralia, prop. neut. pl. of funeralis of a funeral, fr. L. funus, funeris, funeral: cf. F. fun\'82railles.]

1. The solemn rites used in the disposition of a dead human body, whether such disposition be by interment, burning, or otherwise; esp., the ceremony or solemnization of interment; obsequies; burial; -- formerly used in the plural.

King James his funerals were performed very solemnly in the collegiate church at Westminster. Euller.

2. The procession attending the burial of the dead; the show and accompaniments of an interment. "The long funerals." Pope.

3. A funeral sermon; -- usually in the plural. [Obs.]

Mr. Giles Lawrence preached his funerals. South.

Funeral

Fu"ner*al, a. [LL. funeralis. See Funeral, n.] Per. taining to a funeral; used at the interment of the dead; as, funeral rites, honors, or ceremonies. Shak. Funeral pile, a structure of combustible material, upon which a dead body is placed to be reduced to ashes, as part of a funeral rite; a pyre. -- Fu"ner*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Funerate

Fu"ner*ate (?), v. t. [L. funeratus, p. p. of funerare to funerate, fr. funus. See Funeral.] To bury with funeral rites. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Funeration

Fu`ner*a"tion (?), n. [L. funeratio.] The act of burying with funeral rites. [Obs.] Knatchbull.

Funereal

Fu*ne"re*al (?), a. [L. funereus, fr. fentus a funeral.] Suiting a funeral; pertaining to burial; solemn. Hence: Dark; dismal; mournful. Jer. Taylor.
What seem to us but sad funereal tapers May be heaven's distant lamps. Longfellow.
-- Fu*ne"re*al*ly, adv.

Funest

Fu*nest" (?), a. [L. funestus, fr. funus a funeral, destruction: cf. F. funeste.] Lamentable; doleful. [R.] "Funest and direful deaths." Coleridge.
A forerunner of something very funest. Evelyn.

Fungal

Fun"gal (?), a. Of or pertaining to fungi.

Fungate

Fun"gate (?), n. [Cf. F. fongate.] (Chem.) A salt of fungic acid. [Formerly written also fungiate.]

Funge

Funge (?), n. [L. fungus mushroom, dolt.] A blockhead; a dolt; a fool. [Obs.] Burton.

Fungi

Fun"gi (?), n. pl. (Bot.) See Fungus.

Fungia

Fun"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fongie.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of simple, stony corals; -- so called because they are usually flat and circular, with radiating plates, like the gills of a mushroom. Some of them are eighteen inches in diameter.

Fungian

Fun"gi*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Fungid\'91, a family of stony corals. -- n. One of the Fungid\'91.

Fungibles

Fun"gi*bles (?), n. pl. [LL. (res) fungibiles, probably fr. L. fungi to discharge. "A barbarous term, supposed to have originated in the use of the words functionem recipere in the Digeste." Bouvier. "Called fungibiles, quia una alterius vice fungitur." John Taylor (1755). Cf. Function.]

1. (Civ. Law) Things which may be furnished or restored in kind, as distinguished from specific things; -- called also fungible things. Burrill.

2. (Scots Law) Movable goods which may be valued by weight or measure, in contradistinction from those which must be judged of individually. Jamieson.

Fungic

Fun"gic (?), a. [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fungique, fongique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, mushrooms; as, fungic acid.

Fungicide

Fun"gi*cide` (?), n. [Fungi + -cide, fr. L. caedere to kill.] Anything that kills fungi. -- Fun`gi*ci"dal (#), n.

Fungiform

Fun"gi*form (?), a. [Eungus + -form: cf. F. fongiforme.] Shaped like a fungus or mushroom. Fungiform papill\'91 (Anat.), numerous small, rounded eminences on the upper surface of the tongue.

Fungilliform

Fun*gil"li*form (?), a. Shaped like a small fungus.

Fungin

Fun"gin (?), n. [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F, fongine, fungine.] (Chem.) A name formerly given to cellulose found in certain fungi and mushrooms.

Fungite

Fun"gite (?), n. [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. pongite.] (Paleon.) A fossil coral resembling Fungia.

Fungivorous

Fun*giv"o*rous (?), a. [L. fungus + vorare to eat freedily: cf. F. fangivore.] (Zo\'94l.) Eating fungi; -- said of certain insects and snails.

Fungoid

Fun"goid (?), a. [Fungus + -oil: cf. F. fongo\'8bde.] Like a fungus; fungous; spongy.

Fungologist

Fun*gol"o*gist (?), n. A mycologist.

Fungology

Fun*gol"o*gy (?), n. [Fungus + --logy.] Mycology.

Fungosity

Fun*gos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fungosit\'82, fongosit\'82.] The quality of that which is fungous; fungous excrescence. Dunglison.

Fungous

Fun"gous (?), a. [L. fungosus: cf. F. fungueux.]

1. Of the nature of fungi; spongy.


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2. Growing suddenly, but not substantial or durable.

Fungus

Fun"gus (?), n.; pl. L. Fungi (#), E. Funguses (#). [L., a mushroom; perh. akin to a doubtful Gr. sponge.]

1. (Bot.) Any one of the Fungi, a large and very complex group of thallophytes of low organization, -- the molds, mildews, rusts, smuts, mushrooms, toadstools, puff balls, and the allies of each. &hand; The fungi are all destitute of chorophyll, and, therefore, to be supplied with elaborated nourishment, must live as saprophytes or parasites. They range in size from single microscopic cells to systems of entangled threads many feet in extent, which develop reproductive bodies as large as a man's head. The vegetative system consists of septate or rarely unseptate filaments called hyph&ae;; the aggregation of hyph&ae; into structures of more or less definite form is known as the mycelium. See Fungi, in the Supplement.

2. (Med.) A spongy, morbid growth or granulation in animal bodies, as the proud flesh of wounds. Hoblyn.

Funic

Fu"nic (?), a. (Anat.) Funicular.

Funicle

Fu"ni*cle (?), n. [L. funiculus, dim. of funis cord, rope: cf. F. funicule funicle (in sense 2). Cf. Funambulo.] (Bot.)

1. A small cord, ligature, or fiber.

2. (Bot.) The little stalk that attaches a seed to the placenta.

Funicular

Fu*nic"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. funiculaire.]

1. Consisting of a small cord or fiber.

2. Dependent on the tension of a cord.

3. (Anat.) Pertaining to a funiculus; made up of, or resembling, a funiculus, or funiculi; as, a funicular ligament. Funicular action (Mech.), the force or action exerted by a rope in drawing together the supports to which its ends are Fastened, when acted upon by forces applied in a direction transverse to the rope, as in the archer's bow. -- Funicular curve. Same as Catenary. -- Funicular machine (Mech.), an apparatus for illustrating certain principles in statics, consisting of a cord or chain attached at one end to a fixed point, and having the other passed over a pulley and sustaining a weight, while one or more other weights are suspended from the cord at points between the fixed support and the pulley. -- Funicular polygon (Mech.), the polygonal figure assumed by a cord fastened at its extremities, and sustaining weights at different points.

Funiculate

Fu*nic"u*late (?), a. Forming a narrow ridge.

Funiculus

Fu*nic"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Funiculi (#). [L., a little cord. See Funicle.]

1. (Anat.) A cord, baud, or bundle of fibers; esp., one of the small bundles of fibers, of which large nerves are made up; applied also to different bands of white matter in the brain and spinal cord.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A short cord which connects the embryo of some myriapods with the amnion. (b) In Bryozoa, an organ extending back from the stomach. See Bryozoa, and Phylactolema.

Funiliform

Fu*nil"i*form (?), a. [L. funis rope + -form.] (Bot.) Resembling a cord in toughness and flexibility, as the roots of some endogenous trees.

Funis

Fu"nis (?), n. [L., a rope. ] A cord; specifically, the umbilical cord or navel string.

Funk

Funk (?), n. [OE. funke a little fire; akin to Prov. E. funk touchwood, G. funke spark, and perh. to Goth. f fire.] An offensive smell; a stench. [Low]

Funk

Funk, v. t. To envelop with an offensive smell or smoke. [Obs.] King.

Funk

Funk, v. i.

1. To emit an offensive smell; to stink.

2. To be frightened, and shrink back; to flinch; as, to funk at the edge of a precipice. [Colloq.] C. Kingsley. To funk out, to back out in a cowardly fashion. [Colloq.]

To funk right out o' political strife. Lowell (Biglow Papers).

Funk, Funking

Funk, Funk"ing, n. A shrinking back through fear. [Colloq.] "The horrid panic, or funk (as the men of Eton call it)." De Quincey.

Funky

Funk"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, great fear, or funking. [Colloq. Eng.]

Funnel

Fun"nel (?), n. [OE. funel, fonel, prob. through OF. fr, L. fundibulum, infundibulum, funnel, fr. infundere to pour in; in in + fundere to pour; cf. Armor. founil funnel, W. ffynel air hole, chimney. See Fuse, v. t.]

1. A vessel of the shape of an inverted hollow cone, terminating below in a pipe, and used for conveying liquids into a close vessel; a tunnel.

2. A passage or avenue for a fluid or flowing substance; specifically, a smoke flue or pipe; the iron chimney of a steamship or the like. Funnel box (Mining), an apparatus for collecting finely crushed ore from water. Knight. -- Funnel stay (Naut.), one of the ropes or rods steadying a steamer's funnel.

Funnelform

Fun"nel*form` (?), a. (Bot.) Having the form of a funnel, or tunnel; that is, expanding gradually from the bottom upward, as the corolla of some flowers; infundibuliform.

Funny

Fun"ny (?), a. [Compar. Funnier (?); superl. Funniest.] [From Fun.] Droll; comical; amusing; laughable. Funny bone. See crazy bone, under Crazy.

Funny

Fun"ny, n.; pl. Funnies (. A clinkerbuit, narrow boat for sculling. [Eng.]

Fur

Fur (?), n. [OE. furre, OF. forre, fuerre, sheatth, case, of German origin; cf. OHG. fuotar lining, case, G. futter; akin to Icel. f lining, Goth. f, scabbard; cf. Skr. p vessel, dish. The German and Icel. words also have the sense, fodder, but this was probably a different word originally. Cf. Fodder food, Fother, v. t., Forel, n.]

1. The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals, growing thick on the skin, and distinguished from the hair, which is longer and coarser.

2. The skins of certain wild animals with the fur; peltry; as, a cargo of furs.

3. Strips of dressed skins with fur, used on garments for warmth or for ornament.

4. pl. Articles of clothing made of fur; as, a set of furs for a lady (a collar, tippet, or cape, muff, etc.).

Wrapped up in my furs. Lady M. W. Montagu.

5. Any coating considered as resembling fur; as: (a) A coat of morbid matter collected on the tongue in persons affected with fever. (b) The soft, downy covering on the skin of a peach. (c) The deposit formed on the interior of boilers and other vessels by hard water.

6. (Her.) One of several patterns or diapers used as tinctures. There are nine in all, or, according to some writers, only six. See Tincture.

Fur

Fur (?), a. Of or pertaining to furs; bearing or made of fur; as, a fur cap; the fur trade. Fur seal (Zo\'94l.) one of several species of seals of the genera Callorhinus and Arclocephalus, inhabiting the North Pacific and the Antarctic oceans. They have a coat of fine and soft fur which is highly prized. The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) breeds in vast numbers on the Prybilov Islands, off the coast of Alaska; -- called also sea bear.

Fur

Fur, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furring.]

1. To line, face, or cover with fur; as, furred robes. "You fur your gloves with reason." Shak.

2. To cover with morbid matter, as the tongue.

3. (Arch.) To nail small strips of board or larger scantling upon, in order to make a level surface for lathing or boarding, or to provide for a space or interval back of the plastered or boarded surface, as inside an outer wall, by way of protection against damp. Gwill.

Furacious

Fu*ra"cious (?), a. [L. furax, -racis thievish, from fur thief.] Given to theft; thievish. [Obs.]

Furacity

Fu*rac"i*ty (?), n. [L. furacitas.] Addictedness to theft; thievishness. [Obs.]

Furbelow

Fur"be*low (?), n. [Prov. F. farbala, equiv. to F. falbala, It. falbal\'85.] A plaited or gathered flounce on a woman's garment.

Furhelow

Fur"he*low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbelowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furbelowing.] To put a furbelow on; to ornament.

Furbish

Fur"bish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furbishing.] [OE. forbischen, OF. forbir, furbir, fourbir, F. fourbir, fr. OHG. furban to clean. See -ish.] To rub or scour to brightness; to clean; to burnish; as, to furbish a sword or spear. Shak.
Furbish new the name of John a Gaunt. Shak.

Furbishable

Fur"bish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being furbished.

Furbisher

Fur"bish*er (?), n. [Cf. F. fourbisseur.] One who furbishes; esp., a sword cutler, who finishes sword blades and similar weapons.

Furcate, Furcated

Fur"cate (?), Fur"ca*ted (?), a. [L. furca fork. See Fork.] Forked; branching like a fork; as, furcate twigs.

Furcation

Fur*ca"tion (?), n. A branching like a. fork.

Furciferous

Fur*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L. furcifer yoke bearer, scoundrel; furca fork, yoke, fork-shaped instrument of punishment + ferre to bear.] Rascally; scandalous. [R.] "Furciferous knaves." De Quincey.

Furcula

Fur"cu*la (?), n. [L., a forked prop, dim. of furca a fork.] (Anat.) A forked process; the wishbone or furculum.

Furcular

Fur"cu*lar (?), a. Shaped like a fork; furcate.

Furculum

Fur"cu*lum (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. furca a fork.] (Anat.) The wishbone or merrythought of birds, formed by the united clavicles.

Furdle

Fur"dle (?), v. t. [See Fardel, and cf. Furl.] To draw up into a bundle; to roll up. [Ods.]

Furfur

Fur"fur (?), n. [L.] Scurf; dandruff.

Furfuraceous

Fur"fu*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. furfuraceus.] Made of bran; like bran; scurfy.

Furfuran

Fur"fu*ran (?), n. [L. furfur bran.] (Chem.) A colorless, oily substance, C4H4O, obtained by distilling certain organic substances, as pine wood, salts of pyromucic acid, etc.; -- called also tetraphenol.<-- = furan -->

Furfuration

Fur"fu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. furfur bran, scurf.] Falling of scurf from the head; desquamation.

Furfurine

Fur"fu*rine (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline base, obtained indirectly from furfurol.

Furfurol

Fur"fu*rol (?), n. [L. furfur bran + oleum oil.] (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid, C4H3O.CHO, of a pleasant odor, obtained by the distillation of bran, sugar, etc., and regarded as an aldehyde derivative of furfuran; -- called also furfural.

Furfurous

Fur"fu*rous (?), a. Made of bran; furfuraceous. [R.] "Furfurous bread." Sydney Smith.

Furial

Fu"ri*al (?), a. [L. furialis: cf. OF. furial.] Furious; raging; tormenting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Furibundal

Fu`ri*bun"dal (?), a. [L. furibundus, fr. furere to rage.] Full of rage. [Obs.] G. Harvey.

Furies

Fu"ries (?), n. pl. See Fury, 3.

Furile

Fu"rile (?), n. [Furfurol + benzile.] (Chem.) A yellow, crystalline substance, (C4H3O)2.C2O2, obtained by the oxidation of furoin. [Written also furil.]

Furilic

Fu*ril"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, furile; as, furilic acid.

Furioso

Fu"ri*o"so (?), a.& adv. [It.] (Mus.) With great force or vigor; vehemently.

Furious

Fu"ri*ous (?), a. [L. furiosus, fr. furia rage, fury: cf. F. furieux. See Fury.]

1. Transported with passion or fury; raging; violent; as, a furious animal.

2. Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence; as, a furious stream; a furious wind or storm. Syn. -- Impetuous; vehement; boisterous; fierce; turbulent; tumultuous; angry; mad; frantic; frenzied. -- Fu"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Fu"ri*ous*ness, n.

Furl

Furl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furld (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furling.] [Contr. fr. furdle, fr. fardel bundle: cf. F. ferler to furl, OF. fardeler to pack. See Furdle, Fardel, and cf. Farl.] To draw up or gather into close compass; to wrap or roll, as a sail, close to the yard, stay, or mast, or, as a flag, close to or around its staff, securing it there by a gasket or line. Totten.

Furlong

Fur"long (?), n. [OE. furlong, furlang, AS. furlang, furlung, prop., the length of a furrow; furh furrow + lang long. See Furrow, and Long, a.] A measure of length; the eighth part of a mile; forty rods; two hundred and twenty yards.

Furlough

Fur"lough (?), n. [Prob. fr. D. verlof, fr. a prefix akin to E. for + the root of E. lief, and akin to Dan. forlov, Sw. f\'94rlof, G. verlaub permission. See Life, a.] (Mil.) Leave of abserice; especially, leave given to an offcer or soldier to be absent from service for a certain time; also, the document granting leave of absence.

Furlough

Fur"lough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furloughed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Furloughing.] (Mil.) To furnish with a furlough; to grant leave of absence to, as to an offcer or soldier.

Furmonty, Furmity

Fur"mon*ty (?), Fur"mi*ty (?) n. Same as Frumenty.

Furnace

Fur"nace (?), n. [OE. fornais, forneis, OF. fornaise, F. fournaise, from L. fornax; akin to furnus oven, and prob. to E. forceps.]

1. An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron furnace; a hot-air furnace; a glass furnace; a boiler furnace, etc. &hand; Furnaces are classified as wind or air. furnaces when the fire is urged only by the natural draught; as blast furnaces, when the fire is urged by the injection artificially of a forcible current of air; and as reverberatory furnaces, when the flame, in passing to the chimney, is thrown down by a low arched roof upon the materials operated upon.

2. A place or time of punishment, affiction, or great trial; severe experience or discipline. Deut. iv. 20. Bustamente furnace, a shaft furnace for roasting quicksilver ores. -- Furnace bridge, Same as Bridge wall. See Bridge, n., 5. -- Furnace cadmiam ∨ cadmia, the oxide of zinc which accumulates in the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores. Raymond. -- Furnace hoist (Iron Manuf.), a lift for raising ore, coal, etc., to the mouth of a blast furnace.

Furnace

Fur"nace, n.

1. To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace. [Obs. or R.]

He furnaces The thick sighe from him. Shak.

Furniment

Fur"ni*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. fourniment. See Furnish.] Furniture. [Obs.] Spenser.

Furnish

Fur"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furnishing.] [OF. furnir, fornir, to furnish, finish, F. fournir; akin to Pr. formir, furmir, fromir, to accomplish, satisfy, fr. OHG. frumjan to further, execute, do, akin to E. frame. See Frame, v. t., and -ish.]

1. To supply with anything necessary, useful, or appropriate; to provide; to equip; to fit out, or fit up; to adorn; as, to furnish a family with provisions; to furnish one with arms for defense; to furnish a Cable; to furnish the mind with ideas; to furnish one with knowledge or principles; to furnish an expedition or enterprise, a room or a house.

That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works. 2 Tim. iii. 17,

2. To offer for use; to provide (something); to give (something); to afford; as, to furnish food to the hungry: to furnish arms for defense.

Ye are they . . . that furnish the drink offering unto that number. Is. lxv. 11.
His writings and his life furnish abundant proofs that he was not a man of strong sense. Macaulay.

Furnish

Fur"nish, n. That which is furnished as a specimen; a sample; a supply. [Obs.] Greene.

Furnisher

Fur"nish*er (?), n. One who supplies or fits out.

Furnishment

Fur"nish*ment (?), n. The act of furnishing, or of supplying furniture; also, furniture. [Obs.] Daniel.

Furniture

Fur"ni*ture (?), n. [F. fourniture. See Furnish, v. t.]

1. That with which anything is furnished or supplied; supplies; outfit; equipment.

The form and all the furniture of the earth. Tillotson.
The thoughts which make the furniture of their minds. M. Arnold.

2. Articles used for convenience or decoration in a house or apartment, as tables, chairs, bedsteads, sofas, carpets, curtains, pictures, vases, etc.

3. The necessary appendages to anything, as to a machine, a carriage, a ship, etc. (a) (Naut.) The masts and rigging of a ship. (b) (Mil.) The mountings of a gun. (c) Builders' hardware such as locks, door and window trimmings. (d) (Print) Pieces of wood or metal of a lesser height than the type, placed around the pages or other matter in a form, and, with the quoins, serving to secure the form in its place in the chase.

4. (Mus.) A mixed or compound stop in an organ; -- sometimes called mixture.

Furoin

Fu"ro*in (?), n. [See Furfurol.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline substance, C10H8O4, from furfurol.

Furore

Fu*ro"re (?), n. [It.] Excitement; commotion; enthusiasm.
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Furrier

Fur"ri*er (?), n. [Cf. F. fourreur.] A dealer in furs; one who makes or sells fur goods.

Furriery

Fur"ri*er*y (?), n.

1. Furs, in general. Tooke.

2. The business of a furrier; trade in furs.

Furring

Fur"ring (?), n.

1. (Carp.) (a) The leveling of a surface, or the preparing of an air space, by means of strips of board or of larger pieces. See Fur, v. t., 3. (b) The strips thus laid on.

2. (Shipbuilding) Double planking of a ship's side.

3. A deposit from water, as on the inside of a boiler; also, the operation of cleaning away this deposit.

Furrow

Fur"row (?), n. [OE. forow, forgh, furgh, AS. furh; akin to D. voor, OHG. furuh, G. furche, Dan. fure, Sw. f, Icel. for drain, L. porca ridge between two furrows.]

1. A trench in the earth made by, or as by, a plow.

2. Any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or metal; a wrinkle on the face; as, the furrows of age. Farrow weed a weed which grows on plowed land. Shak. -- To draw a straight furrow, to live correctly; not to deviate from the right line of duty. Lowell.

Furrow

Fur"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furrowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furrowing.] [From Furrow, n.; cf. AS. fyrian.]

1. To cut a furrow in; to make furrows in; to plow; as, to furrow the ground or sea. Shak.

2. To mark with channels or with wrinkles.

Thou canst help time to furrow me with age. Shak.
Fair cheeks were furrowed with hot tears. Byron.

Furrowy

Fur"row*y (?), a. Furrowed. [R.] Tennyson.

Furry

Fur"ry (?), a. [From Fur.]

1. Covered with fur; dressed in fur. "Furry nations." Thomson.

2. Consisting of fur; as, furry spoils. Dryden.

3. Resembling fur.

Further

Fur"ther (?), adv. [A comparative of forth; OE. further, forther, AS. fur, far; akin to G. f\'81rder. See Forth, adv.] To a greater distance; in addition; moreover. See Farther.
Carries us, I know not how much further, into familiar company. M. Arnold.
They sdvanced us far as Eleusis and Thria; but no further. Jowett (Thucyd. ).
Further off, not so near; apart by a greater distance.

Further

Fur"ther, a. compar. [Positive wanting; superl. Furthest.]

1. More remote; at a greater distance; more in advance; farther; as, the further end of the field. See Farther.

2. Beyond; additional; as, a further reason for this opinion; nothing further to suggest. &hand; The forms further and farther are in general not differentiated by writers, but further is preferred by many when application to quantity or degree is implied.

Further

Fur"ther", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furthered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Furthering.] [OE. furthren, forthren, AS. fyr&edh;ran, fyr&edh;rian. See Further, adv.] To help forward; to promote; to advance; to forward; to help or assist.
This binds thee, then, to further my design. Dryden.
I should nothing further the weal public. Robynsom (More's Utopia).

Furtherance

Fur"ther*ance (?), n. The act of furthering or helping forward; promotion; advancement; progress.
I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your furthersnce and joy of faith. Phil. i. 25.
Built of furtherance and pursuing, Not of spent deeds, but of doing. Emerson.

Fartherer

Far"ther*er (?), n. One who furthers. or helps to advance; a promoter. Shak.

Furthermore

Fur"ther*more" (?), adv. or conj. Moreover; besides; in addition to what has been said.

Furthermost

Fur"ther*most" (?), a. Most remote; furthest.

Furthersome

Fur"ther*some (?), a. Tending to further, advance, or promote; helpful; advantageous. [R.]
You will not find it furthersome. Carlyle.

Furthest

Fur"thest (?), a. superl. Most remote; most in advance; farthest. See Further, a.

Furthest

Fur"thest, adv. At the greatest distance; farthest.

Furtive

Fur"tive (?), a. [L. furtivus, fr. furtum theft, fr. fur thief, akin to ferre to bear: cf. F. furtif. See Fertile.] Stolen; obtained or characterized by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy; as, a furtive look. Prior.
A hasty and furtive ceremony. Hallam.

Furtively

Fur"tive*ly, adv. Stealthily by theft. Lover.

Furuncle

Fu"run*cle (?), n. [L. furunculus a petty thief, a boil, dim. of fur thief: cf. F. furoncle.] (Med.) A superficial, inflammatory tumor, suppurating with a central core; a boil.

Faruncular

Fa*run"cu*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to a furuncle; marked by the presence of furuncles.

Fury

Fu"ry (?), n. [L. fur.] A thief. [Obs.]
Have an eye to your plate, for there be furies. J. Fleteher.

Fury

Fu"ry, n.; pl. Furies (#). [L. furia, fr. furere to rage: cf. F. furie. Cf. Furor.]

1. Violent or extreme excitement; overmastering agitation or enthusiasm. Her wit began to be with a divine fury inspired. Sir P. Sidney.

2. Violent anger; extreme wrath; rage; -- sometimes applied to inanimate things, as the wind or storms; impetuosity; violence. "Fury of the wind." Shak.

I do oppose my patience to his fury. Shak.

3. pl. (Greek Myth.) The avenging deities, Tisiphone, Alecto, and Meg\'91ra; the Erinyes or Eumenides.

The Furies, they said, are attendants on justice, and if the sun in heaven should transgress his path would punish him. Emerson.

4. One of the Parc\'91, or Fates, esp. Atropos. [R.]

Comes the blind Fury with the abhorred shears, And slits the thin-spun life. Milton.

5. A stormy, turbulent violent woman; a hag; a vixen; a virago; a termagant. Syn. -- Anger; indignation; resentment; wrath; ire; rage; vehemence; violence; fierceness; turbulence; madness; frenzy. See Anger.

Furze

Furze (?), n. [OE. firs, As. fyrs.] (Bot.) A thorny evergreen shrub (Ulex Europ\'91us), with beautiful yellow flowers, very common upon the plains and hills of Great Britain; -- called also gorse, and whin. The dwarf furze is Ulex nanus.

Furzechat

Furze"chat" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The whinchat; -- called also furzechuck.

Furzeling

Furze"ling (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An English warbler (Melizophilus provincialis); -- called also furze wren, and Dartford warbler.

Furzen

Furz"en (?), a. Furzy; gorsy. [Obs.] Holland.

Furzy

Furz"y (?), a. a.bounding in, or overgrown with, furze; characterized by furze. Gay.

Fusain

Fu"sain" (?), n. [F., the spindle tree; also, charcoal made from it.] (Eine Arts) (a) Fine charcoal of willow wood, used as a drawing implement. (b) A drawing made with it. See Charcoal, n. 2, and Charcoal drawing, under Charcoal.

Fusarole

Fu"sa*role (?), n. [F. fusarolle, fr. It. fusaruolo, fr. fuso spindle, shaft of a column. See Fusee a conical wheel.] (Arch.) A molding generally placed under the echinus or quarter round of capitals in the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders of architecture.

Fuscation

Fus*ca"tion (?), n. [L. fuscare, fuscatum, to make dark, fr. fuscus dark.] A darkening; obscurity; obfuscation. [R.] Blount.

Fuscin

Fus"cin (?), n. [L. fuscus dark-colored, tawny.] (Physiol. Chem.) A brown, nitrogenous pigment contained in the retinal epithelium; a variety of melanin.

Fuscine

Fus"cine (?), n. (Chem.) A dark-colored substance obtained from empyreumatic animal oil. [R.]

Fuscous

Fus"cous (?), a. [L. fuscus.] Brown or grayish black; darkish.
Sad and fuscous colors, as black or brown, or deep purple and the like. Burke.

Fuse

Fuse (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fused (fuzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Fusing.] [L. fusus, p. p. of fundere to pour, melt, cast. See Foundo to cast, and cf. Futile.]

1. To liquefy by heat; to render fiuid; to dissolve; to melt.

2. To unite or blend, as if melted together.

Whose fancy fuses old and new. Tennyson.

Fuse

Fuse, v. i.

1. To be reduced from a solid to a Quid state by heat; to be melted; to melt.

2. To be blended, as if melted together. Fusing point, the degree of temperature at which a substance melts; the point of fusion.

Fuse

Fuse, n. [For fusee, fusil. See 2d Fusil.] (Gunnery, Mining, etc.) A tube or casing filled with combustible matter, by means of which a charge of powder is ignited, as in blasting; -- called also fuzee. See Fuze. Fuse hole, the hole in a shell prepared for the reception of the fuse. Farrow.

Fusee

Fu*see" (?), n. [See 2d Fusil, and cf. Fuse, n.]

1. A flintlock gun. See 2d Fusil. [Obs.]

2. A fuse. See Fuse, n.

3. A kind of match for lighting a pipe or cigar. <-- 4. A red signal flare. It is used esp. as a warning signal for trains or road vehicles, indicating an obstruction or accident ahead. 5. (Railroad) A small packet of explosive material with wire appendages allowing it to be conveniently attached to a railroad track. It will explode with a loud report when run over by a train, and is used to provide a warning signal to the engineer. -->

Fusee

Fu*see", n. [Etymol. uncertain.] The track of a buck. Ainsworth.

Fusee

Fu*see", n. [F. fus\'82e a spindleful, fusee, LL. fusata, fr. fusare to use a spindle, L. fusus spindle.] (a) The cone or conical wheel of a watch or clock, designed to equalize the power of the mainspring by having the chain from the barrel which contains the spring wind in a spiral groove on the surface of the cone in such a manner that the diameter of the cone at the point where the chain acts may correspond with the degree of tension of the spring. (b) A similar wheel used in other machinery.

Fusel, n., Fusel oil

Fu"sel (?), n., Fu"sel oil
. [G. fusel bad liquor.] (Chem.) A hot, acrid, oily liquid, accompanying many alcoholic liquors (as potato whisky, corn whisky, etc.), as an undesirable ingredient, and consisting of several of the higher alcohols and compound ethers, but particularly of amyl alcohol; hence, specifically applied to amyl alcohol.

Fusibility

Fu"si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. fusibilit\'82.] The quality of being fusible.

Fusible

Fu"si*ble (?), a. [F. fusible. See Fuse, v. t.] CapabIe of being melted or liquefied. Fusible metal, any alloy of different metals capable of being easily fused, especially an alloy of five parts of bismuth, three of lead, and two of tin, which melts at a temperature below that of boiling water. Ure. -- Fusible plug (Steam Boiler), a piece of easily fusible alloy, placed in one of the sheets and intended to melt and blow off the steam in case of low water.

Fusiform

Fu"si*form (?), a. [L. fusus spindle + -form: cf. F. fusiforme.] Shaped like a spindle; tapering at each end; as, a fusiform root; a fusiform cell.

Fusil

Fu"sil (?), a. [L. fusilis molten, fluid, fr. fundere, fusum, to pour, cast. See Fuse, v. t.]

1. Capable of being melted or rendered fluid by heat; fusible. [R.] "A kind of fusil marble" Woodward.

2. Running or flowing, as a liquid. [R.] "A fusil sea." J. Philips.

3. Formed by melting and pouring into a mold; cast; founded. [Obs.] Milton.

Fusil

Fu"sil (?), n. [F. fusil, LL. fosile a steel for kindling fire, from L. focus hearth, fireplace, in LLL. fire. See Focus, and cf. Fusee a firelock.] A light kind of flintlock musket, formerly in use.

Fusil

Fu"sil, n. [See 3d Fusee.] (Her.) A bearing of a rhomboidal figure; -- named from its shape, which resembles that of a spindle. &hand; It differs from a lozenge in being longer in proportion to its width.

Fusile

Fu"sile (?), a. Same as Fusil, a.

Fusileer, Fusilier

Fu"sil*eer", Fu"sil*ier" (?), n. [F. fusilier, fr. fusil.] (Mil.) (a) Formerly, a soldier armed with a fusil. Hence, in the plural: (b) A title now borne by some regiments and companies; as, "The Royal Fusiliers," etc.

Fusillade

Fu"sil*lade" (?), n. [F. fusillade, cf. It. fucilata. See Fusil a firelock.] (Mil.) A simultaneous discharge of firearms.

Fusillade

Fu"sil*lade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fusillader; p. pr. & vb. n. Fusillading.] To shoot down of shoot at by a simultaneous discharge of firearms.

Fusion

Fu"sion (?), n. [L. fusio, fr. fundere, fusum to pour, melt: cf. F. fusion. See Fuse, v. t., aud cf, Foison.]

1. The act or operation of melting or rendering fluid by heat; the act of melting together; as, the fusion of metals.

2. The state of being melted or dissolved by heat; a state of fluidity or flowing in consequence of heat; as, metals in fusion.

3. The union or blending together of things, as, melted together.

The universal fusion of races, languages, and customs . . . had produced a corresponding fusion of creeds. C. Kingsley.
Watery fusion (Chem.) the melting of certain crystals by heat in their own water of crystallization.

4. (Biol.) The union, or binding together, of adjacent parts or tissues.

Fusome

Fu"some (?), a. [AS. f to hasten, fr. f ready, prompt, quick; akin to OS. f, OHG. funs, Icel. fuss willing; prob. from the root of E. find.] Handy; reat; handsome; notable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Fuss

Fuss (?), n. [Cf. Fusome.]

1. A tumult; a bustle; unnecessary or annoying ado about trifles. Byron.

Zealously, assiduously, and with a minimum of fuss or noise Carlyle.

2. One who is unduly anxious about trifles. [R.]

I am a fuss and I don't deny it. W. D. Howell.

Fuss

Fuss, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fussed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Fussing.] To be overbusy or unduly anxious about trifles; to make a bustle or ado. Sir W. Scott.

Fussily

Fuss"i*ly (?), adv. In a fussy manner. Byron.

Fussiness

Fuss"i*ness, n. The quality of being fussy.

Fussy

Fuss"y (?), a. [Compar. Fussier (?); superl Fussiest.] Making a fuss; disposed to make an unnecessary ado about trifles; overnice; fidgety.
Not at all fussy about his personal appearance. R. G. White.

Fast

Fast (?), n. [OF. fust, F. f, fr. L. fustis stick staff.] (Arch.) The shaft of a column, or trunk of pilaster. Gwilt.

Fust

Fust, n. [OF. fust cask, F. f cask, taste or smell of the caak, fustiness, cf. sentir le f to taste of the cask. See 1st Fust.] A strong, musty smell; mustiness.

Fust

Fust, v. i. To become moldy; to smell ill. [Obs.]

Fusted

Fust"ed, a. Moldy; ill-smelling. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Fusteric

Fus"ter*ic (?), n. The coloring matter of fustet. Ure.

Fustet

Fus"tet (?), n. [F. fustet (cf. Sp. & Pg. fustete), LL. fustetus, fr. L. fustis stick, in LL., tree, See 1st Fust, and cf. Fustic.] The wood of the Rhus Cptinus or Venice sumach, a shrub of Southern Europe, which yields a fine orange color, which, however, is not durable without a mordant. Ure.

Fustian

Fus"tian (?), n. [OE. fustan, fustian, OF. fustaine, F. futaine, It. fustagno, fr. LL. fustaneum, fustanum; cf. Pr. fustani, Sp. fustan. So called from Fust\'bet, i. e., Cairo, where it was made.]

1. A kind of coarse twilled cotton or cotton and linen stuff, including corduroy, velveteen, etc.

2. An inflated style of writing; a kind of writing in which high-sounding words are used,' above the dignity of the thoughts or subject; bombast.

Claudius . . . has run his description into the most wretched fustian. Addison.

Fustian

Fus"tian, a.

1. Made of fustian.

2. Pompous; ridiculously tumid; inflated; bombastic; as, fustian history. Walpole.

Fustianist

Fus"tian*ist, n. A writer of fustian. [R.] Milton.

Fustic

Fus"tic (?), n. [F. fustoc, Sp. fustoc. Cf. Fustet.] The wood of the Maclura tinctoria, a tree growing in the West Indies, used in dyeing yellow; -- called also old fustic. [Written also fustoc.] &hand; Other kinds of yellow wood are often called fustic; as that of species of Xanthoxylum, and especially the Rhus Cotinus, which is sometimes called young fustic to distinguish it from the Maclura. See Fustet.

Fustigate

Fus"ti*gate (?), v. t. [L. fustigare, fr. fustis stick. See 1st Fust.] To cudgel. [R.] Bailey.

Fustigation

Fus"ti*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. fustigation.] A punishment by beating with a stick or club; cudgeling.
This satire, composed of actual fustigation. Motley.

Fastilarian

Fas"ti*la"ri*an (?), n. [From Fusty.] A low fellow; a stinkard; a scoundrel. [Obs.] Shak.

Fustilug Fus"ti*lug` (, Fus"ti*lugs` (?), n. [Fusty + lug someting heavy, to be drawn or carried.] A gross, fat, unwieldy person. [Obs.] F. Junius.

Fusiness

Fus"i*ness (?), n. A fusty state or quality; moldiness; mustiness; an ill smell from moldiness.

Fusty

Fusty (?), a. [Compar. Fustier (#); superl Fustiest.] [See 2d Fust.]

1. Moldy; musty; ill-smelling; rank. "A fusty plebeians." Shak.

2. Moping. [Archaic]

A melancholy, fusty humor. Pepys.

Fussure

Fus"sure (?), n. [L. fusura, fr. fundere, fusum. See Fuse, v. t.] Act of fusing; fusion. [R.]
Page 606

Futchel

Futch"el (?), n. The jaws between which the hinder end of a carriage tongue is inserted. Knight.

Futile

Fu"tile (?; 277), a. [L. futilis that easily pours out, that easily lets loose, vain, worthless, from the root of fundere to pour out: cf. F. futile. See Fuse, v. t.]

1. Talkative; loquacious; tattling. [Obs.]

Talkers and futile persons. Bacon.

2. Of no importance; answering no useful end; useless; vain; worthless. "Futile theories." I. Taylor.

His reasoning . . . was singularly futile. Macaulay.

Futilely

Fu"tile*ly, adv. In a futile manner.

Futility

Fu"til`i*ty (?), n. [L. futilitas: cf. F. futilit\'82.]

1. The quality of being talkative; talkativeness; loquaciousness; loquacity. [Obs.]

2. The quality of producing no valuable effect, or of coming to nothing; uselessness.

The futility of this mode of philosophizing. Whewell.

Futilous

Fu"til*ous (?), a. Futile; trifling. [Obs.]

Futtock

Fu"ttock (?), n. [Prob. corrupted fr. foothook.] (Naut.) One of the crooked timbers which are scarfed together to form the lower part of the compound rib of a vessel; one of the crooked transverse timbers passing across and over the keel. Futtock plates (Naut.), plates of iron to which the dead-eyes of the topmast rigging are secured. -- Futtock shrouds, short iron shrouds leading from the upper part of the lower mast or of the main shrouds to the edge of the top, or through it, and connecting the topmast rigging with the lower mast. Totten.

Futurable

Fu"tur*a*ble (?; 135), a. Capable of being future; possible to occur. [R.]
Not only to things future, but futurable. Fuller.

Future

Fu"ture (?; 135), a. [F. futur, L. futurus, used as fut. p. of esse to be, but from the same root as E. be. See Be, v. i.] That is to be or come hereafter; that will exist at any time after the present; as, the next moment is future, to the present. Future tense (Gram.), the tense or modification of a verb which expresses a future act or event.

Future

Fu"ture (?), n. [Cf. F. futur. See Future, a.]

1. Time to come; time subsequent to the present (as, the future shall be as the present); collectively, events that are to happen in time to come. "Lay the future open." Shak.

2. The possibilities of the future; -- used especially of prospective success or advancement; as, he had great future before him.

3. (Gram.) A future tense. To deal in futures, to speculate on the future values of merchandise or stocks. [Brokers' cant]

Futureless

Fu"ture*less, a. Without prospect of betterment in the future. W. D. Howells.

Futurely

Fu"ture*ly, adv. In time to come. [Obs.] Raleigh.

Futurist

Fu"tur*ist, n.

1. One whose chief interests are in what is to come; one who anxiously, eagerly, or confidently looks forward to the future; an expectant.

2. (Theol.) One who believes or maintains that the fulfillment of the prophecies of the Bible is to be in the future.

Futuritial

Fu`tu*ri"tial (?; 135), a. Relating to what is to come; pertaining to futurity; future. [R.]

Futurition

Fu`tu*ri"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. futurition.] The state of being future; futurity. [R.]
Nothing . . . can have this imagined futurition, but as it is decreed. Coleridge.

Futurity

Fu*tu"ri*ty (?), n.; pl. Futurities (.

1. State of being that is yet to come; future state.

2. Future time; time to come; the future.

3. Event to come; a future event.

All futurities are naked before the All-seeing Eye. South.

Fuze

Fuze (?), n. A tube, filled with combustible matter, for exploding a shell, etc. See Fuse, n. Chemical fuze, a fuze in which substances separated until required for action are then brought into contact, and uniting chemically, produce explosion. -- Concussion fuze, a fuze ignited by the striking of the projectile. -- Electric fuze, a fuze which is ignited by heat or a spark produced by an electric current. -- Friction fuze, a fuze which is ignited by the heat evolved by friction. -- Percussion fuze, a fuze in which the ignition is produced by a blow on some fulminating compound. -- Time fuze, a fuze adapted, either by its length or by the character of its composition, to burn a certain time before producing an explosion.

Fuzz

Fuzz (?), v. t. To make drunk. [Obs.] Wood.

Fuzz

Fuzz, n. [Cf. Prov. E. fuzzy that ravels (of silk or cotton), D. voos spongy, fungous, G. faser filament. E. feaze to untwist.] Fine, light particles or fibers; loose, volatile matter. Fuzz ball, a kind of fungus or mushroom, which, when pressed, bursts and scatters a fine dust; a puffball.

Fuzz

Fuzz, v. i. To fly off in minute particles.

Fuzzle

Fuz"zle (?), v. t. [Cf. LG. fuseln to drink common liquor, fr. fusel bad liquor.] To make drunk; to intoxicate; to fuddle. [Obs.] Burton.

Fuzzy

Fuzz"y (?), a. [See Fuzz, n.]

1. Not firmly woven; that ravels. [Written also fozy.] [Prov. Eng.]

2. Furnished with fuzz; having fuzz; like fuzz; as, the fuzzy skin of a peach.

-fy

-fy (?). [Through French verbs in -fier, L. -ficare, akin to facere to do, make. See Fact.] A suffix signifying to make, to form into, etc.; as, acetify, amplify, dandify, Frenchify, etc.

Fy

Fy (?), interj. [See Fie, interj.] A word which expresses blame, dislike, disapprobation, abhorrence, or contempt. See Fie.

Fyke

Fyke (?), n. [D. fuik a bow net.] A long bag net distended by hoops, into which fish can pass easily, without being able to return; -- called also fyke net. Cozzens.

Fyllot

Fyl"lot (?), n. [Prov. fr. AS. fy, fierf, fe\'a2werf. See Four, and Foot, n.] A rebated cross, formerly used as a secret emblem, and a common ornament. It is also called gammadion, and swastika. <-- Illustr. of two types of fyllot. -->

Fyrd, Fyrdung

Fyrd (?), Fyr"dung (
, n. [AS.; akin to E. fare, v. i.] (Old. Eng. Hist.) The military force of the whole nation, consisting of all men able to bear arms.
The national fyrd or militia. J. R. Green.

Fytte

Fytte (?), n. See Fit a song. [Archaic] G.

G

G (?)

1. G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in gave, go, gull; the other compound (like that of j), as in gem, gin, dingy. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246. The form of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it first appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the Latin, and probably comes to us through the French. Etymologically it is most closely related to a c hard, k y, and w; as in corn, grain, kernel; kin L. genus, Gr. garden, yard; drag, draw; also to ch and h; as in get, prehensile; guest, host (an army); gall, choler; gust, choose. See C.

2. (Mus.) G is the name of the fifth tone of the natural or model scale; -- called also sol by the Italians and French. It was also originally used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed into the character represented in the margin. See Clef. G♯ (G sharp) is a tone intermediate between G and A.

Gab

Gab (?), n. [Cf. Gaff.] (Steam Engine) The hook on the end of an eccentric rod opposite the strap. See. Illust. of Eccentric.

Gab

Gab, n. [OE. gabbe gabble, mocking, fr. Icel. gabb mocking, mockery, or OF. gab, gabe; perh. akin to E. gape, or gob. Cf. Gab, v. i., Gibber.] The mouth; hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk; loquaciousness. [Colloq.] Gift of gab, facility of expression. [Colloq.]

Gab

Gab, v. i. [OE. gabben to jest, lie, mock, deceive, fr. Icel. gabba to mock, or OF. gaber. See 2d Gab, and cf. Gabble.]

1. To deceive; to lie. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To talk idly; to prate; to chatter. Holinshed.

Gabarage

Gab"ar*age (?), n. A kind of coarse cloth for packing goods. [Obs.]

Gabardine, Gaberdine

Gab`ar*dine", Gab`er*dine" (
, n. [Sp. gabardina; cf. It. gavardina, OF. galvardine, calvardine, gavardine, galeverdine; perh. akin to Sp. & OF. gaban a sort of cloak or coat for rainy weather, F. caban great coat with a hood and sleeves, It. gabbano and perh. to E. cabin.] A coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews; a mean dress. Shak.

Gabber

Gab"ber (?), n.

1. A liar; a deceiver. [Obs.]

2. One addicted to idle talk.

Gabble

Gab"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gabbling (?).] [Freq. of gab. See Gab, v. i.]

1. To talk fast, or to talk without meaning; to prate; to jabber. Shak.

2. To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity; as, gabbling fowls. Dryden.

Gabble

Gab"ble, n.

1. Loud or rapid talk without meaning.

Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud Among the builders. Milton.

2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of fowls.

Gabbier

Gab"bier (?), n. One who gabbles; a prater.

Gabbro

Gab"bro (?), n. [It.] (Geol.) A name originally given by the Italians to a kind of serpentine, later to the rock called euphotide, and now generally used for a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of lamellar pyroxene (diallage) and labradorite, with sometimes chrysolite (olivine gabbro).

Gabel

Ga"bel (?), n. [F. gabelle, LL. gabella, gabulum, gablum; of uncertain origin. Cf.Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) A rent, service, tribute, custom, tax, impost, or duty; an excise. Burrill.
He enables St. Peter to pay his gabel by the ministry of a fish. Jer. Taylor.

Gabeler

Ga"bel*er (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) A collector of gabels or taxes.

Gabelle

Ga`belle" (?), n. [F. See Gabel.] A tax, especially on salt. [France] Brande & C.

Gabelleman

Ga*belle"man (?), n. A gabeler. Carlyle.

Gaberdine

Gab`er*dine" (?), n. See Gabardine.

Gaber-lunzie

Gab"er-lun`zie (?), n. [Gael. gabair talker + lunndair idler.] A beggar with a wallet; a licensed beggar. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Gabert

Gab"ert (?), n. [Cf.F.gabare, Arm. kobar, gobar.] A lighter, or vessel for inland navigation. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Gabion

Ga"bi*on (?), n.[F., from It. gabbione a large cage, gabion, from gabbia cage, L. cavea. See Cage.]

1. (Fort.) A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a basket without a bottom. Gabions are made of various sizes, and filled with earth in building fieldworks to shelter men from an enemy's fire.

2. (Hydraul. Engin.) An openwork frame, as of poles, filled with stones and sunk, to assist in forming a bar dyke, etc., as in harbor improvement.

Gabionade

Ga`bi*on*ade" (?), n. [F. gabionnade.]

1. (Fort.) A traverse made with gabions between guns or on their flanks, protecting them from enfilading fire.

2. A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a core for a sand bar in harbor improvements.

Gabionage

Ga"bi*on*age (?), n. [F. gabionnage.] (Mil.) The part of a fortification built of gabions.

Gabioned

Ga"bi*oned (?), p. a. Furnished with gabions.

Gabionnade

Ga`bion`nade" (?), n. See Gabionade.

Gable

Ga"ble (?), n. A cable. [Archaic] Chapman.

Gable

Ga"ble, n. [OE. gable, gabil, F. gable, fr. LL. gabalum front of a building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. OHG. gibil, G. giebel gable, Icel. gafl, Goth. gibla pinnacle; perh. akin to Gr. cephalic, or to G. gabel fork, AS. geafl, E. gaffle, L. gabalus a kind of gallows.] (Arch.) (a) The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and the like. Hence: (b) The end wall of a building, as distinguished from the front or rear side. (c) A decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway. Bell gable. See under Bell. -- Gable roof, a double sloping roof which forms a gable at each end. -- Gable wall. Same as Gable (b). -- Gable window, a window in a gable.

Gablet

Ga"blet (?), n. (Arch.) A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a tabernacle, niche, etc.

Gablock

Gab"lock (?), n. [See Gavelock.] A false spur or gaff, fitted on the heel of a gamecock. Wright.

Gaby

Ga"by (?), n. [Icel. gapi a rash, reckless man. Cf. Gafe.] A simpleton; a dunce; a lout. [Colloq.]

Gad

Gad (?), n. [OE. gad, Icel. gaddr goad, sting; akin to Sw. gadd sting, Goth. gazds, G. gerte switch. See Yard a measure.]

1. The point of a spear, or an arrowhead.

2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge used in mining, etc.

I will go get a leaf of brass, And with a gad of steel will write these words. Shak.

3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad.

4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling. Fairholt.

5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel. [Obs.]

Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in gads. Moxon.

6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a rod used to drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.] Halliwell. Bartlett. Upon the gad, upon the spur of the moment; hastily. [Obs.] "All this done upon the gad!" Shak.

Gad

Gad, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gadded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gadding.] [Prob. fr. gad, n., and orig. meaning to drive about.] To walk about; to rove or go about, without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled. "The gadding vine." Milton.
Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way? Jer. ii. 36.

Gadabout

Gad"a*bout` (?), n. A gadder [Colloq.]

Gadbee

Gad"bee` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gadfly.

Gadder

Gad"der (?), n. One who roves about idly, a rambling gossip.

Gadding

Gad"ding, a. & n. Going about much, needlessly or without purpose.
Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the streets. Bacon.
The good nuns would check her gadding tongue. Tennyson.
Gadding car, in quarrying, a car which carries a drilling machine so arranged as to drill a line of holes.

Gaddingly

Gad"ding*ly (?), adv. In a roving, idle manner.

Gaddish

Gad"dish (?), a. Disposed to gad. -- Gad"dish*nes, n. "Gaddishness and folly." Abp. Leighton.

Gade

Gade (?), n. [Cf. Cod the fish.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small British fish (Motella argenteola) of the Cod family. (b) A pike, so called at Moray Firth; -- called also gead. [Prov. Eng.]
Page 607

Gadere, Gadre

Gad"er*e (?), Gad"re (, v. t. & i. To gather. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gadfly

Gad"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gadflies (#). [Gad + fly.] (Zo\'94l.) Any dipterous insect of the genus Oestrus, and allied genera of botflies. &hand; The sheep gadfly (Oestrus ovis) deposits its young in the nostrils of sheep, and the larv\'91 develop in the frontal sinuses. The common species which infests cattle (Hypoderma bovis) deposits its eggs upon or in the skin where the larv\'91 or bots live and produce sores called wormels. The gadflies of the horse produce the intestinal parasites called bots. See Botfly, and Bots. The true horseflies are often erroneously called gadflies, and the true gadflies are sometimes incorrectly called breeze flies. Gadfly petrel (Zo\'94l.), one of several small petrels of the genus Oestrelata.

Gadhelic

Gadhel"ic (g&amac;l"&icr;k), a. [See Gaelic.] Of or pertaining to that division of the Celtic languages, which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and Manx. J. Peile.

Gadic

Gad"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod (Gadus); -- applied to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz., gadic acid.

Gaditanian

Gad`i*ta`ni*an (?), a. [L. Gaditanus, fr. Gades Cadiz.] Of or relating to Cadiz, in Spain. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Cadiz.

Gadling

Gad"ling (?), n. [Gad, n. + -ling.] (Medi\'91val Armor) [R.] See Gad, n., 4.

Gadling

Gad"ling, a. [See Gad, v. i.] Gadding about. [Obs.]

Gadling

Gad"ling, n. A roving vagabond. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Gadman

Gadman (?), n. A gadsman.

Gadoid

Ga"doid (?; 277), a. [NL. gadus cod + -oid: cf. F. gado\'8bde gadoid, Gr. gade.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the family of fishes (Gadid\'91) which includes the cod, haddock, and hake. -- n. One of the Gadid\'91. [Written also gadid.]

Gadolinia

Gad`o*lin"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A rare earth, regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed element gadolinium, by others as only a mixture of the oxides of yttrium, erbium, ytterbium, etc.

Gadolinic

Gad`o*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to or containing gadolinium.

Gadolinite

Gad"o*lin*ite (?), n. [Named after Gadolin, a Russian chemist.] (Min.) A mineral of a nearly black color and vitreous luster, and consisting principally of the silicates of yttrium, cerium, and iron.

Gadolinium

Gad`o*lin"i*um (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A supposed rare metallic element, with a characteristic spectrum, found associated with yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality and properties have not yet been determined.

Gadsman

Gads"man (?), n. One who uses a gad or goad in driving.

Gaduin

Gad"u*in (?), n.[NL. gadus codfish.] (Chem.) A yellow or brown amorphous substance, of indifferent nature, found in cod-liver oil.

Gadwall

Gad"wall (?), n. [Gad to walk about + well.] (Zo\'94l.) A large duck (Anas strepera), valued as a game bird, found in the northern parts of Europe and America; -- called also gray duck. [Written also gaddwell.]

Gael

Gael (?), n.sing. & pl. [See Gaelic.] (Ethnol.) A Celt or the Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch Highlander of Celtic origin.

Gaelic

Gael"ic (?; 277), a. [Gael. G\'85idhealach, Gaelach, from G\'85idheal, Gael, a Scotch Highlander.] (Ethnol.) Of or pertaining to the Gael, esp. to the Celtic Highlanders of Scotland; as, the Gaelic language.

Gaelic

Gael"ic (?), n. [Gael. Gaelig, G\'85ilig.] The language of the Gaels, esp. of the Highlanders of Scotland. It is a branch of the Celtic.

Gaff

Gaff (?), n. [OE. gaffe, F. gaffe an iron hook with which seamen pull great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir. gaf, gafa hook; perh. akin to G. gabel fork, Skr. gabhasti. CF. Gaffle, Gable.]

1. A barbed spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in securing heavy fish.

2. (Naut.) The spar upon which the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail is extended.

3. Same as Gaffle, 1. Wright.

Gaff

Gaff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaffing.] To strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to secure by means of a gaff; as, to gaff a salmon.

Gaffer

Gaf"fer (?), n. [Possibly contr. fr. godfather; but prob. fr. gramfer for grandfather. Cf. Gammer.]

1. An old fellow; an aged rustic.

Go to each gaffer and each goody. Fawkes.
&hand; Gaffer was originally a respectful title, now degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt when addressed to an aged man in humble life.

2. A foreman or overseer of a gang of laborers. [Prov. Eng.]

Gaffle

Gaf"fle (?), n. [Cf. AS. geafl fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan. gaffel, G. gabel, W. gafl, Ir. & Gael. gabhal. Cf. Gaff.]

1. An artificial spur or gaff for gamecocks.

2. A lever to bend crossbows.

Gaff-topsail

Gaff`-top"sail (?), n. (Naut.) A small triangular sail having its foot extended upon the gaff and its luff upon the topmast.

Gag

Gag (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gagging (?).] [Prob. fr. W. cegio to choke or strangle, fr. ceg mouth, opening, entrance.]

1. To stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow freedom of speech to. Marvell.

The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged, and reason to be hood winked. Maccaulay.

2. To pry or hold open by means of a gag.

Mouths gagged to such a wideness. Fortescue (Transl. ).

3. To cause to heave with nausea.

Gag

Gag, v. i.

1. To heave with nausea; to retch.

2. To introduce gags or interpolations. See Gag, n., 3. [Slang] Cornill Mag.

Gag

Gag, n.

1. Sometimes thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder speaking.

2. A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit; as, a gag of mutton fat. Lamb.

3. A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an actor on the stage in his part as written, usually consisting of some seasonable or local allusion. [Slang] Gag rein (Harness), a rein for drawing the bit upward in the horse's mouth. -- Gag runner (Harness), a loop on the throat latch guiding the gag rein.

Gagate

Gag"ate (?; 48), n. [L. gagates. See Jet a black mineral.] Agate. [Obs.] Fuller.

Gage

Gage (?), n. [F. gage, LL. gadium, wadium; of German origin; cf. Goth. wadi, OHG. wetti, weti, akin to E. wed. See Wed, and cf. Wage, n.]

1. A pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for the performance of some act by the person depositing it, and forfeited by nonperformance; security.

Nor without gages to the needy lend. Sandys.

2. A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as a challenge to combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of the challenge; a challenge; a defiance. "There I throw my gage." Shak.

Gage

Gage (?), n. [So called because an English family named Gage imported the greengage from France, in the last century.] A variety of plum; as, the greengage; also, the blue gage, frost gage, golden gage, etc., having more or less likeness to the greengage. See Greengage.

Gage

Gage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaged (?); p. pr & vb. n. Gaging (?).] [Cf. F. gager. See Gage, n., a pledge.]

1. To give or deposit as a pledge or security for some act; to wage or wager; to pawn or pledge. [Obs.]

A moiety competent Was gaged by our king. Shak.

2. To bind by pledge, or security; to engage.

Great debts Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal, Hath left me gaged. Shak.

Gage

Gage, n. A measure or standart. See Gauge, n.

Gage

Gage, v. t. To measure. See Gauge, v. t.
You shall not gage me By what we do to-night. Shak.

Gager

Ga"ger (?), n. A measurer. See Gauger.

Gagger

Gag"ger (?), n.

1. One who gags.

2. (Founding) A piece of iron imbedded in the sand of a mold to keep the sand in place.

Gaggle

Gag"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaggling (?).] [Of imitative origin; cf. D. gaggelen, gagelen, G. gackeln, gackern, MHG. g, E. giggle, cackle.] To make a noise like a goose; to cackle. Bacon.

Gaggle

Gag"gle, n. [Cf. Gaggle v. i.] (Zo\'94l.) A flock of wild geese. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Gagtooth

Gag"tooth` (?), n.; pl. Gagteeth (. A projecting tooth. [Obs.]

Gag-toothed

Gag"-toothed" (?), a. Having gagteeth. [Obs.]

Gahnite

Gahn"ite (?), n. [Named after Gahn, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.) Zinc spinel; automolite.

Gaidic

Ga*id"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to hypogeic acid; -- applied to an acid obtained from hypogeic acid.

Gaiety

Gai"e*ty (?), n. Same as Gayety.

Gailer

Gail"er (?), n. A jailer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gaillard

Gail`lard" (?), a. [F. See Galliard.] Gay; brisk; merry; galliard. Chaucer.

Gailliarde

Gail*liarde" (?), n. [See Galliard a dance.] A lively French and Italian dance.

Gaily

Gai"ly (?), adv. [From Gay.] Merrily; showily. See gaily.

Gain

Gain (?), n. [Cf. W. gan a mortise.] (Arch.) A square or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam.

Gain

Gain, a. [OE. gein, gain, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. gegn ready, serviceable, and gegn, adv., against, opposite. CF. Ahain.] Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap; respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Gain

Gain (?), n. [OE. gain, gein, ga, gain, advantage, Icel. gagn; akin to Sw. gagn, Dan. gavn, cf. Goth. gageigan to gain. The word was prob. influenced by F. gain gain, OF. gaain. Cf. Gain, v. t.]

1. That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to loss.

But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ. Phil. iii. 7.
Godliness with contentment is great gain. 1 Tim. vi. 6.
Every one shall share in the gains. Shak.

2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions; acquisition; accumulation. "The lust of gain." Tennyson.

Gain

Gain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaining.] [From gain, n. but. prob. influenced by F. gagner to earn, gain, OF. gaaignier to cultivate, OHG. weidin, weidinen to pasture, hunt, fr. weida pasturage, G. weide, akin to Icel. vei hunting, AS. wa, cf. L. venari to hunt, E. venison. See Gain, n., profit.]

1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or labor; as, to gain a good living.

What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? Matt. xvi. 26.
To gain dominion, or to keep it gained. Milton.
For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease. Pope.

2. To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition; as, to gain a battle; to gain a case at law; to gain a prize.

3. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to conciliate.

If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. Matt. xviii. 15.
To gratify the queen, and gained the court. Dryden.

4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a mountain; to gain a good harbor.

Forded Usk and gained the wood. Tennyson.

5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage. [Obs. or Ironical]

Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss. Acts xxvii. 21.
Gained day, the calendar day gained in sailing eastward around the earth. -- To gain ground, to make progress; to advance in any undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent. -- To gain over, to draw to one's party or interest; to win over. -- To gain the wind (Naut.), to reach the windward side of another ship. Syn. -- To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve. See Obtain. -- To Gain, Win. Gain implies only that we get something by exertion; win, that we do it in competition with others. A person gains knowledge, or gains a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins a victory, or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others.

Gain

Gain (?), v. i. To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress; as, the sick man gains daily.
Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion. Ezek. xxii. 12.
Gaining twist, in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle. To gain on ∨ upon. (a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land. (b) To obtain influence with. (c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a race or contest. (d) To get the better of; to have the advantage of.
The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself. Addison.
My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor, that I began to conceive hopes of liberty. Swift.

Gainable

Gain"a*ble (?), a. [CF. F. gagnable. See Gain, v. t.] Capable of being obtained or reached. Sherwood.

Gainage

Gain"age (?, 48), n. [OF. gaignage pasturage, crop, F. gaignage pasturage. See Gain, v. t.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The horses, oxen, plows, wains or wagons and implements for carrying on tillage. (b) The profit made by tillage; also, the land itself. Bouvier.

Gainer

Gain"er (?), n. One who gains. Shak.

Gainful

Gain"ful (?), a. Profitable; advantageous; lucrative. "A gainful speculation." Macaulay. -- Gain"ful*ly, adv. -- Gain"ful*ness, n.

Gaingiving

Gain"giv`ing (?), n. [See Again, and Give.] A misgiving. [Obs.]

Gainless

Gain"less, a. Not producing gain; unprofitable. Hammond. -- Gain"less/ness, n.

Gainly

Gain"ly, adv. [See Gain, a.] Handily; readily; dexterously; advantageously. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Gainpain

Gain"pain` (?), n.[F. gagner to gain + pain bread.] Bread-gainer; -- a term applied in the Middle Ages to the sword of a hired soldier.

Gainsay

Gain`say" (? ∨ ?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainsaid (? ∨ ?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gainsaying.] [OE. geinseien, ageinseien. See Again, and Say to utter.] To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to forbid.
I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor resist. Luke xxi. 15.
The just gods gainsay That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy mother, My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword Be drained. Shak.

Gainsayer

Gain`say"er (?), n. One who gainsays, contradicts, or denies. "To convince the gainsayers." Tit. i. 9.

Gainsome

Gain"some (?), a.

1. Gainful.

2. Prepossessing; well-favored. [Obs.] Massinger.

'Gainst

'Gainst (?), prep. A contraction of Against.

Gainstand

Gain"stand` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainstood; p. pr. & vb. n. gainstanding.] [See Again, and Stand.] To withstand; to resist. [Obs.]
Durst . . . gainstand the force of so many enraged desires. Sir P. Sidney.

Gainstrive

Gain"strive` (?), v. t. & i. [See Again, and Strive.] To strive or struggle against; to withstand. [Obs.] Spenser.

Gairfowl

Gair"fowl` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Garefowl.

Gairish, a., Gairishly, adv., Gairish/ness

Gair"ish (?), a., Gair"ish*ly, adv., Gair"ish/ness, n.
Same as Garish, Garishly, Garishness.

Gait

Gait (?), n. [See Gate a way.]

1. A going; a walk; a march; a way.

Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor folks pass. Shak.

2. Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving.

'T is Cinna; I do know him by his gait. Shak.

Gaited

Gait"ed (?), a. Having (such) a gait; -- used in composition; as, slow-gaited; heavy-gaited.

Gaiter

Gait"er (?), n. [F. gu\'88tre, cf. Armor. gweltren; or perh. of German origin, and akin to E. wear, v.]

1. A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep, or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe.


Page 608

2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the ankle.

Gaiter

Gai"ter (?), v. t. To dress with gaiters.

Gaitre, Gaytre

Gai"tre, Gay"tre (
, n. [OE. Cf. Gatten tree.] The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gala

Ga"la (?), n. [F. gala show, pomp, fr. It. gala finery, gala; of German origin. See Gallant.] Pomp, show, or festivity. Macaulay. Gala day, a day of mirth and festivity; a holiday.

Galacta-gogue

Ga*lac"ta-gogue (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) An agent exciting secretion of milk.

Galactic

Ga*lac"tic (?), a. [Gr. Galaxy, and cf. Lactic.]

1. Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as, galactic acid.

2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way. Galactic circle (Astron.), the great circle of the heavens, to which the course of the galaxy most nearly conforms. Herschel. -- Galactic poles, the poles of the galactic circle.

Galactin

Ga*lac"tin (?), n. [Gr. Lactin.] (Chem.) (a) An amorphous, gelatinous substance containing nitrogen, found in milk and other animal fluids. It resembles peptone, and is variously regarded as a coagulating or emulsifying agent. (b) A white waxy substance found in the sap of the South American cow tree (Galactodendron). (c) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling gelose, found in the seeds of leguminous plants, and yielding on decomposition several sugars, including galactose.

Galactodensimeter

Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. densimeter.] Same as Galactometer.

Galactometer

Gal`ac*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. galactom\'8atre. Cf. Lactometer.] An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk (i.e., its richness in cream) by determining its specific gravity; a lactometer.

Galactophagist

Gal`ac*toph"a*gist (?), n. [Gr. One who eats, or subsists on, milk.

Galactophagous

Gal`ac*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. galactophade.] Feeding on milk.

Galactophorous

Gal`ac*toph"o*rous (?), a. [Gr. galactophore. Cf. Lactiferous.] (Anat.) Milk-carrying; lactiferous; -- applied to the ducts of mammary glands.

Galactopoietic

Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Increasing the flow of milk; milk-producing. -- n. A galactopoietic substance.

Galactose

Ga*lac"tose (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline sugar, C6H12O6, isomeric with dextrose, obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar, and also from certain gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called also lactose (though it is not lactose proper).<-- lactose is a dimeric form of galactose, converted to galactose by acid or enzymatic activity (beta-galactosidase) -->

Galage

Ga*lage" (?), n. (Obs.) See Galoche. Spenser.

Galago

Ga*la"go (?), n.; pl. Galagos (#). [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of African lemurs, including numerous species. &hand; The grand galago (Galago crassicaudata) is about the size of a cat; the mouse galago (G. murinus)is about the size of a mouse.

Galanga, Galangal

Ga*lan"ga (?), Ga*lan"gal (?), n.[OE. galingale, OF. galingal, garingal, F. galanga (cf. Sp. galanga), prob. fr. Ar. khalanj. ] The pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain East Indian or Chinese species of Alpinia (A. Galanga and A. officinarum) and of the K\'91mpferia Galanga), -- all of the Ginger family.

Galantine

Gal"an*tine (? or ?), n. [F. galantine.] A dish of veal, chickens, or other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold. Smart.

Galapee tree

Gal"a*pee` tree" (?), (Bot.) The West Indian Sciadophyllum Brownei, a tree with very large digitate leaves.

Galatian

Ga*la"tian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. -- A native or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the Gauls who settled in Asia Minor.

Galaxy

Gal"ax*y (?), n.; pl. Galaxies (#). [F. galaxie, L. galaxias, fr. Gr. lac. CF. Lacteal.]

1. (Astron.) The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at night stretching across the heavens, and which is composed of innumerable stars, so distant and blended as to be distinguishable only with the telescope. The term has recently been used for remote clusters of stars. Nichol.

2. A splendid assemblage of persons or things.

Galban, Galbanum

Gal"ban, Gal"ba*num (?), n. [L. galbanum, Gr. klekb'n: cf. F. galbanum.] A gum resin exuding from the stems of certain Asiatic umbelliferous plants, mostly species of Ferula. The Bubon Galbanum of South Africa furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid, bitter taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of varnish.

Gale

Gale (?), n. [Prob. of Scand.. origin; cf. Dan. gal furious, Icel. galinn, cf. Icel. gala to sing, AS. galan to sing, Icel. galdr song, witchcraft, AS. galdor charm, sorcery, E. nightingale; also, Icel. gjla gust of wind, gola breeze. Cf. Yell.]

1. A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane. The most violent gales are called tempests. &hand; Gales have a velocity of from about eighteen ("moderate") to about eighty ("very heavy") miles an our. Sir. W. S. Harris.

2. A moderate current of air; a breeze.

A little gale will soon disperse that cloud. Shak.
And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors fanned From their soft wings. Milton.

3. A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity.

The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in New England, is sometimes called a gale. Brooke (Eastford).
Topgallant gale (Naut.), one in which a ship may carry her topgallant sails.

Gale

Gale (?), v. i. (Naut.) To sale, or sail fast.

Gale

Gale, n [OE. gal. See Gale wind.] A song or story. [Obs.] Toone.

Gale

Gale, v. i. [AS. galan. See 1st Gale.] To sing. [Obs.] "Can he cry and gale." Court of Love.

Gale

Gale, n [AS. gagel, akin to D. gagel.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Myrica, growing in wet places, and strongly resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale (Myrica Gale) is found both in Europe and in America.

Gale

Gale, n. [Cf. Gabel.] The payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.] Mozley & W. Gale day, the day on which rent or interest is due.

Galea

Ga"le*a (?), n.[L., a helmet. ]

1. (Bot.) The upper lip or helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower.

2. (Surg.) A kind of bandage for the head.

3. (Pathol.) Headache extending all over the head.

4. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil echini, having a vaulted, helmet-shaped shell.

5. (Zo\'94l.) The anterior, outer process of the second joint of the maxillae in certain insects.

Galeas

Gal"e*as (?), n. See Galleass.

Galeate, Galeated

Ga"le*ate (?), Ga"le*a`ted (?), a. [L. galeatus, p.p. of galeare helmet.]

1. Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with a helmet.

2. (Biol.) Helmeted; having a helmetlike part, as a crest, a flower, etc.; helmet-shaped.

Galei

Ga"le*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Galeus, name of one genus, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) That division of elasmobranch fishes which includes the sharks.

Galena

Ga*le"na (?), n.[L. galena lead ore, dross that remains after melting lead: cf. F. gal\'8ane sulphide of lead ore, antidote to prison, stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.]

1. (Med.) A remedy or antidose for poison; theriaca. [Obs.] Parr.

2. (Min.) Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, and is cubic in crystallization and cleavage. False galena. See Blende.

Galenic, Galenical

Ga*len"ic (?), Ga*len"ic*al (, a. Pertaining to, or containing, galena.

Galenic, Galenical

Ga*len"ic, Ga*len"ic*al
, an. [From Galen, the physician.] Relating to Galen or to his principles and method of treating diseases. Dunglison. Galenic pharmacy, that branch of pharmacy which relates to the preparation of medicines by infusion, decoction, etc., as distinguished from those which are chemically prepared.

Galenism

Ga"len*ism (?), n. The doctrines of Galen.

Galenist

Ga*len*ist, n. A follower of Galen.

Galenite

Ga*le"nite (?), n. (Min.) Galena; lead ore.

Gale-opithecus

Ga`le-o*pi*the"cus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of flying Insectivora, formerly called flying lemurs. See Colugo.

Galericu-late

Gal`er*ic"u-late (?), a. [L. galericulum, dim. of galerum a hat or cap, fr. galea helmet.] Covered as with a hat or cap. Smart.

Galerite

Gal"er*ite (?), n. [L. galerum a hat, cap: cf. F. gal\'82rite.] (Paleon.) A cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus Galerites.

Galician

Ga*li"cian (?), a. [Cf. Sp. Galiciano, Gallego, fr. L. Gallaecus, Gallaicus, fr. Gallaeci a people in Western Spain.] Of or pertaining to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the kingdom of Austrian Poland. -- n. A native of Galicia in Spain; -- called also Gallegan.

Galilean

Gal`i*le"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean telescope. See Telescope.

Galilean

Gal`i*le"an (?), a. [L. Galilaeus, fr. Galilaea Galilee, Gr. galil\'82en.] Of or relating to Galilee.

Galilean

Gal`i*le"an, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine under the Romans.

2. (Jewish Hist.) One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; -- called also Gaulonite.

3. A Christian in general; -- used as a term of reproach by Mohammedans and Pagans. Byron.

Galilee

Gal"i*lee (?), n. [Supposed to have been so termed in allusion to the scriptural "Galilee of the Gentiles." cf. OF. galil\'82e.] (Arch.) A porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey church, where the monks collected on returning from processions, where bodies were laid previous to interment, and where women were allowed to see the monks to whom they were related, or to hear divine service. Also, frequently applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham cathedrals. Gwilt.

Galimatias

Gal`i*ma"tias (?), n. [F.] Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning talk; confused mixture.
Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of several countries. Walpole.

Galingale

Gal"in*gale (?), n. [See Galangal.] (Bot.) A plant of the Sedge family (Cyperus longus) having aromatic roots; also, any plant of the same genus. Chaucer.
Meadow, set with slender galingale. Tennyson.

Galiot

Gal"i*ot (?), n. [OE. galiote, F. galiote. See Galley.] (Naut.) (a) A small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built mainly for speed. It was moved both by sails and oars, having one mast, and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers. (b) A strong, light-draft, Dutch merchant vessel, carrying a mainmast and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff mainsail.

Galipot

Gal"i*pot (?), n. [F. galipot; cf. OF. garipot the wild pine or pitch tree.] An impure resin of turpentine, hardened on the outside of pine trees by the spontaneous evaporation of its essential oil. When purified, it is called yellow pitch, white pitch, or Burgundy pitch.

Gall

Gall (?), n.[OE. galle, gal, AS. gealla; akin to D. gal, OS. & OHG. galla, Icel. gall, SW. galla, Dan. galde, L. fel, Gr. yellow. Yellow, and cf. Choler]

1. (Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder.

2. The gall bladder.

3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor.

He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail. Lam. iii. 5.
Comedy diverted without gall. Dryden.

4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang] Gall bladder (Anat.), the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus. -- Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct. -- Gall sickness, a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands. Dunglison. -- Gall of the earth (Bot.), an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the Prenanthes serpentaria.

Gall

Gall (?), n. [F. galle, noix de galle, fr. L. galla.] (Zo\'94l.) An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut. &hand; The galls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by insects of the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria or Lusitanica) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine. Gall insect (Zo\'94l.), any insect that produces galls. -- Gall midge (Zo\'94l.), any small dipterous insect that produces galls. -- Gall oak, the oak (Quercus infectoria) which yields the galls of commerce. -- Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass;- called also glass gall and sandiver. Ure.-- Gall wasp. (Zo\'94l.) See Gallfly.

Gall

Gall, v. t. (Dyeing) To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. Ure.

Gall

Gall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Galling.] [OE. gallen; cf. F. galer to scratch, rub, gale scurf, scab, G. galle a disease in horses' feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin. Cf. Gall gallnut.]

1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable.

I am loth to gall a new-healed wound. Shak.

2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm.

They that are most galled with my folly, They most must laugh. Shak.

3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the shot of the enemy.

In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows. Addison.

Gall

Gall, v. i. To scoff; to jeer. [R.] Shak.

Gall

Gall, n. A wound in the skin made by rubbing.

Gallant

Gal"lant (?), a. [F. gallant, prop. p. pr. of OF. galer to rejoice, akin to OF. gale amusement, It. gala ornament; of German origin; cf. OHG. geil merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. geil lascivious, akin to AS. g wanton, wicked, OS. g merry, Goth. gailjan to make to rejoice, or perh. akin to E. weal. See Gala, Galloon.]

1. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well-dressed.

The town is built in a very gallant place. Evelyn.
Our royal, good and gallant ship. Shak.

2. Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high-spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as, a gallant youth; a gallant officer.

That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds. Shak.
The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave. Waller.
Syn. -- Gallant, Courageous, Brave. Courageous is generic, denoting an inward spirit which rises above fear; brave is more outward, marking a spirit which braves or defies danger; gallant rises still higher, denoting bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure. A courageous man is ready for battle; a brave man courts it; a gallant man dashes into the midst of the conflict.

Gallant

Gal*lant" (?; 277), a. Polite and attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous.

Gallant

Gal*lant" (?; 277), n.

1. A man of mettle or spirit; a gay; fashionable man; a young blood. Shak.

2. One fond of paying attention to ladies.

3. One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad sense, a seducer. Addison. &hand; In the first sense it is by some ortho\'89pists (as in Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable.

Gallant

Gal*lant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallanting.]

1. To attend or wait on, as a lady; as, to gallant ladies to the play.

2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to gallant a fan. [Obs.] Addison.

Gallantly

Gal*lant"ly (?), adv. In a polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer.

Gallantly

Gal"lant*ly (?), adv. In a gallant manner.

Gallantness

Gal"lant*ness (?), n. The quality of being gallant.
Page 609

Gallantry

Gal"lant*ry (?), n.; pl. Gallantries (#). [F. galanterie.]

1. Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery. [Archaic]

Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . . when the desk whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of silver. Fuller.

2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved with great gallantry.

3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bed sense, attention or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from a female; freedom of principle or practice with respect to female virtue; intrigue.

4. Gallant persons, collectively. [R.]

Helenus, Antenor, and all the gallantry of Troy. Shak.
Syn. -- See Courage, and Heroism.

Gallate

Gal"late (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. gallate. See Gall gallnut.] (Chem.) A salt of gallic acid.

Gallature

Gal"la*ture (?; 135), n. [From L. gallus a cock.] (Zo\'94l.) The tread, treadle, or chalasa of an egg.

Galleass

Gal"le*ass (?; 135), n. [F. gal\'82asse, gal\'82ace; cf. It. galeazza, Sp. galeaza; LL. galea a galley. See Galley.] (Naut.) A large galley, having some features of the galleon, as broadside guns; esp., such a vessel used by the southern nations of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. See Galleon, and Galley. [Written variously galeas, gallias, etc.] &hand; "The galleasses . . . were a third larger than the ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred galley slaves. They consisted of an enormous towering structure at the stern, a castellated structure almost equally massive in front, with seats for the rowers amidships." Motley.

Gallegan, Gallego

Gal*le"gan (?), Gal*le"go (? or ?), n. [Sp. Gallego.] A native or inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a Galician.

Galle\'8bn

Gal"le*\'8bn (?), n. [Pyrogallol + phthale\'8bn.] (Chem.) A red crystalline dyestuff, obtained by heating together pyrogallic and phthalic acids.

Galleon

Gal"le*on (?), n. [Sp. galeon, cf. F. galion; fr. LL. galeo, galio. See Galley.] (Naut.) A sailing vessel of the 15th and following centuries, often having three or four decks, and used for war or commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately applied to any large sailing vessel.
The gallens . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at stem and stern, like castels. Motley.

Galleot

Gal"le*ot (?), n. (Naut.) See Galiot.

Gallery

Gal"ler*y (?), n.; pl Galleries (#). [F. galerie, It. galleria, fr. LL. galeria gallery, perh. orig., a festal hall, banquetting hall; cf. OF. galerie a rejoicing, fr. galer to rejoice. Cf. Gallant, a.]

1. A long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a connecting passageway, as between one room and another; also, a long hole or passage excavated by a boring or burrowing animal.

2. A room for the exhibition of works of art; as, a picture gallery; hence, also, a large or important collection of paintings, sculptures, etc.

3. A long and narrow platform attached to one or more sides of public hall or the interior of a church, and supported by brackets or columns; -- sometimes intended to be occupied by musicians or spectators, sometimes designed merely to increase the capacity of the hall.

4. (Naut.) A frame, like a balcony, projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship, and hence called stern galery or quarter gallry, -- seldom found in vessels built since 1850.

5. (Fort.) Any communication which is covered overhead as well as at the sides. When prepared for defense, it is a defensive galery.

6. (Mining) A working drift or level. Whispering gallery. See under Whispering.

Galletyle

Gal"le*tyle (?), n. [OE. gallytile. Cf. Gallipot.] A little tile of glazed earthenware. [Obs.] "The substance of galletyle." Bacon.

Galley

Gal"ley (?), n.; pl. Galleys (#). [OE. gale, galeie (cf. OF. galie, gal\'82e, LL. galea, LGr.

1. (Naut.) A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; as: (a) A large vessel for war and national purposes; -- common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century. (b) A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels propelled by oars. (c) A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure. (d) One of the small boats carried by a man-of-war. &hand; The typical galley of the Mediterranean was from one hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each side. It had two or three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried guns at prow and stern, and a complement of one thousand to twelve hundred men, and was very efficient in mediaeval walfare. Galleons, galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys were all modifications of this type.

2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel; -- sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose.

3. (Chem.) An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace.

4. [F. gal\'82e; the same word as E. galley a vessel.] (Print.) (a) An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type which has been set, or is to be made up, etc. (b) A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a galley proof. Galley slave, a person condemned, often as a punishment for crime, to work at the oar on board a galley. "To toil like a galley slave." Macaulay.-- Galley slice (Print.), a sliding false bottom to a large galley. Knight.

Galley-bird

Gal"ley-bird` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The European green woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.]

Galley-worm

Gal"ley-worm` (?), n. [Prob. so called because the numerous legs along the sides move rhythmically like the oars of a galley.] (Zo\'94l.) A chilognath myriapod of the genus Iulus, and allied genera, having numerous short legs along the sides; a milliped or "thousand legs." See Chilognatha.

Gallfly

Gall"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gallflies (. (Zo\'94l.) An insect that deposits its eggs in plants, and occasions galls, esp. any small hymenopteran of the genus Cynips and allied genera. See Illust. of Gall.

Gallyambic

Gal`ly*am"bic (?), a. [L. galliambus a song used by the priests of Cybele; Gallus (a name applied to these priests) + iambus] (Pros.) Consisting of two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which lacks the final syllable; -- said of a kind of verse.

Gallian

Gal"li*an (?), a. [See Gallic.] Gallic; French. [Obs.] Shak.

Galliard

Gal"liard (?), a. [OE., fr. F. gaillard, perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. galach valiant, or AS. gagol, geagl, wanton, lascivious.] Gay; brisk; active. [Obs.]

Galliard

Gal"liard, n. A brisk, gay man. [Obs.]
Selden is a galliard by himself. Cleveland.

Galliard

Gal"liard, n. [F. gaillarde, cf. Sp. gallarda. See Galliard, a.] A gay, lively dance. Cf. Gailliarde.
Never a hall such a galliard did grace. Sir. W. Scott.

Galliardise

Gal`liard*ise (?), n. [F. gaillardise. See Galliard, a.] Excessive gayety; merriment. [Obs.]
The mirth and galliardise of company. Sir. T. Browne.

Galliardness

Gal"liard*ness, n. Gayety. [Obs.] Gayton.

Galliass

Gal"li*ass (?), n. Same as Galleass.

Gallic

Gal"lic (?), a. [From Gallium.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, gallium.

Gallic

Gal"lic (277), a. [From Gall the excrescence.] Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like. Gallic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance, C6H2(HO)3.CO2H, with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent, as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from tannin, and both give a dark color with iron salts, forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the essential ingredients of common black ink.

Gallic

Gal"lic (?), a. [L. Gallicus belonging to the Gauls, fr. Galli the Gauls, Gallia Gaul, now France: cf. F. gallique.] Pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallican.

Gallican

Gal"li*can (?), a. [L. Gallicanus: cf. F. gallican.] Of or pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; as, the Gallican church or clergy.

Gallican

Gal"li*can, n. An adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism. Shipley.

Gallicanism

Gal"li*can*ism (?), n. The principles, tendencies, or action of those, within the Roman Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought to restrict the papal authority in that country and increase the power of the national church. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

Gallicism

Gal"li*cism (?), n. [F. gallicisme.] A mode of speech peculiar to the French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or custom.

Gallicize

Gal"li*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gallicizing (?).] To conform to the French mode or idiom.

Gallied

Gal"lied (?), p. p. & a. (Naut.) Worried; flurried; frightened. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Galliform

Gal"li*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like the Gallinae (or Galliformes) in structure.

Galligaskins

Gal`li*gas"kins (?), n. pl. [Prob. corrupted fr. It. Grechesco Grecian, a name which seems to have been given in Venice, and to have been afterwards confused with Gascony, as if they came from Gascony.] Loose hose or breeches; leather leg quards. The word is used loosely and often in a jocose sense.

Gallimatia

Gal`li*ma"ti*a (? ∨ ?), n. Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See Galimatias.

Gallimaufry

Gal`li*mau"fry (?), n.; pl. Gallimaufries (#). [F. galimafr\'82e a sort of ragout or mixed hash of different meats.]

1. A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout.

Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries, forced meat. King.

2. Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch.

The Mahometan religion, which, being a gallimaufry made up of many, partakes much of the Jewish. South.

Gallin

Gal"lin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance obtained by the reduction of galle\'8bn.

Gallinaceae

Gal"li*nace*ae (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gallinaceous.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gallinae.

Gallinacean

Gal`li*na"cean (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous birds.

Gallinaceous

Gal`li*na"ceous (?), a.[L. gallinaceus, fr. gallina hen, fr. gallus cock.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or pertaining to the Gallinae.

Gallinae

Gal*li"nae (?), n.; pl. [NL., fr. L. gallina a hen, gallus a cock.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls, pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; -- sometimes called Rasores.

Galling

Gall"ing (?), a. Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating. -- Gall"ing*ly, adv.

Gallinipper

Gal"li*nip`per (?), n. A large mosquito.

Gallinule

Gal"li*nule (?), n. [L. gallinula chicken, dim. of gallina hen: cf. F. gallinule.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several wading birds, having long, webless toes, and a frontal shield, belonging to the family Rallidae. They are remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating plants. The purple gallinule of America is Ionornis Martinica, that of the Old World is Porphyrio porphyrio. The common European gallinule (Gallinula chloropus) is also called moor hen, water hen, water rail, moor coot, night bird, and erroneously dabchick. Closely related to it is the Florida gallinule (Gallinula galeata). &hand; The purple gallinule of Southern Europe and Asia was formerly believed to be able to detect and report adultery, and for that reason, chiefly, it was commonly domesticated by the ancients.

Galliot

Gal"li*ot (?), n. See Galiot.

Gallipoli oil

Gal*lip"o*li oil` (?). An inferior kind of olive oil, brought from Gallipoli, in Italy.

Gallipot

Gal"li*pot (?), n. [Prob. fr. OD. gleypot, the first part of which is possibly akin to E. glad. See Glad, and Pot.] A glazed earthen pot or vessel, used by druggists and apothecaries for containing medicines, etc.

Gallium

Gal"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Gallia France.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, found in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard, and malleable, resembling aluminium, and remarcable for its low melting point (86 &hand; The element was predicted with most of its properties, under the name ekaluminium, by the Russian chemist Mendelejeff, on the basis of the Periodic law. This prediction was verified in its discovery by the French chemist Lecoq de Boisbaudran by its characteristic spectrum (two violet lines), in an examination of a zinc blende from the Pyrenees.

Gallivant

Gal"li*vant (?), v. i. [From Gallant.] To play the beau; to wait upon the ladies; also, to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan. [Slang] Dickens.

Gallivat

Gal"li*vat (?), n.[Prob. fr. Pg. galeota; cf. E. galiot, galley.] (Naut.) A small armed vessel, with sails and oars, -- used on the Malabar coast. A. Chalmers.

Galliwasp

Gal"li*wasp` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A West Indian lizard (Celestus occiduus), about a foot long, imagined by the natives to be venomous.

Gallnut

Gall"nut` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A round gall produced on the leaves and shoots of various species of the oak tree. See Gall, and Nutgall.

Gallomania

Gal`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n. [L. Galli Gauls + mania madness.] An excessive admiration of what is French. -- Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac (#), n.

Gallon

Gal"lon (?), n. [OF galon, jalon, LL. galo, galona, fr. galum a liquid measure; cf. F. jale large bowl. Cf. Gill a measure.] A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry measure. &hand; The standart gallon of the Unites States contains 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at its maximum density, and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder of seven inches in diameter and six inches in height, and is the same as the old English wine gallon. The beer gallon, now little used in the United States, contains 282 cubic inches. The English imperial gallon contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62

Galloon

Gal*loon" (?), n. [From F. or Sp. galon. See Gala. ]

1. A narrow tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes, etc., -- sometimes made ornamental.

2. A similar bordering or binding of rich material, such as gold lace.

Silver and gold galloons, with the like glittering gewgaws. Addison.

Gallooned

Gal*looned` (?), a. Furnished or adorned with galloon.

Gallop

Gal"lop (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Galloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Galloping.] [OE. galopen, F. galoper, of German origin; cf. assumed Goth. ga-hlaupan to run, OHG. giloufen, AS. gehle\'a0pan to leap, dance, fr. root of E. leap, and a prefix; or cf. OFlem. walop a gallop. See Leap, and cf. 1st Wallop.]

1. To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a horse; to go at a gallop; to run or move with speed.

But gallop lively down the western hill. Donne.

Page 610

2. To ride a horse at a gallop.

3. Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making a hasty examination.

Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping over it. Locke.

Gallop

Gal"lop (?), v. t. To cause to gallop.

Gallop

Gal"lop, n. [Cf. F. galop. See Gallop, v. i., and cf. Galop.] A mode of running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds. Hand gallop, a slow or gentle gallop.

Gallopade

Gal"lo*pade` (?), n. [F. galopade. See Gallop, n.]

1. I horsemanship, a sidelong or curveting kind of gallop.

2. A kind of dance; also, music to the dance; a galop.

Gallopade

Gal`lo*pade" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gallopaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallopading.]

1. To gallop, as on horseback.

2. To perform the dance called gallopade.

Galloper

Gal"lop*er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, gallops.

2.

(Mil.) A carriage on which very small guns were formerly mounted, the gun resting on the shafts, without a limber. Farrow. Galloper gun, a light gun, supported on a galloper, -- formerly attached to British infantry regiments.

Gallopin

Gal"lo*pin (?), n.[F. galopin. See Gallop, v. i.] An under servant for the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's errand boy. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Galloping

Gal"lop*ing (?), a. Going at a gallop; progressing rapidly; as, a galloping horse.

Gallotannic

Gal`lo*tan"nic (?), a. [Gall nutgall + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to the tannin or nutgalls. Gallotannic acid. See Tannic acid, under Tannic.

Gallow

Gal"low (?), v. t. [Cf. AS. \'begelwan to stupefy.] To fright or terrify. See Gally, v. t. [Obs.] Shak.

Galloway

Gal"lo*way (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small horse of a breed raised at Galloway, Scotland; -- called also garran, and garron.

Gallowglass

Gal"low*glass` (?), n. [Ir. galloglach. Cf. Gillie.] A heavy-armed foot soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles in the time of Edward Shak.

Gallows

Gal"lows (?), n. sing.; pl. Gallowses (#)Gallows. [OE. galwes, pl., AS. galga, gealga, gallows, cross; akin to D. galg gallows, OS. & OHG. galgo, G. galgen, Icel. g\'belgi, Sw. & Dan. galge, Goth. galga a cross. Etymologically and historically considered, gallows is a noun in the plural number, but it is used as a singular, and hence is preceded by a; as, a gallows.]

1. A frame from which is suspended the rope with which criminals are executed by hanging, usually consisting of two upright posts and a crossbeam on the top; also, a like frame for suspending anything.

So they hanged Haman on the gallows. Esther vii. 10.
If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows. Shak.
O, there were desolation of gaolers and gallowses Shak.

2. A wretch who deserves the gallows. [R.] Shak.

3. (Print.) The rest for the tympan when raised.

4. pl. A pair of suspenders or braces. [Colloq.] Gallows bird, a person who deserves the gallows. [Colloq.] -- Gallows bitts (Naut.), one of two or more frames amidships on deck for supporting spare spars; -- called also gallows, gallows top, gallows frame, etc. -- Gallows frame. (a) The frame supporting the beam of an engine. (b) (Naut.) Gallows bitts. -- Gallows, ∨ Gallow tree, the gallows.

At length him nail\'82d on a gallow tree. Spenser.

Gallstone

Gall"stone` (?), n. A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or biliary passages. See Calculus, n., 1.

Gally

Gal"ly (?), v. t. [See Gallow, v. t.] To frighten; to worry. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] T. Brown.

Gally

Gall"y (?), a. Like gall; bitter as gall. Cranmer.

Gally

Gal"ly (?), n. See Galley, n., 4.

Gallygaskins

Gal`ly*gas"kins, n. pl. See Galligaskins.

Galoche, Galoshe

Ga*loche", Ga*loshe" (
, [OE. galoche, galache, galage, shoe, F. galoche galoche, perh. altered fr. L. gallica a Gallic shoe, or fr. LL. calopedia wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole, Gr.

1. A clog or patten. [Obs.]

Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his galoche. Chaucer.

2. Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather.

3. A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe and part of the leg.

Galoot

Ga*loot" (?), n. A noisy, swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy. [Slang, U. S.]

Galop

Gal"op (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also, the music to the dance.

Galore

Ga*lore" (?), n. & a. [Scot. gelore, gilore, galore, fr. Gael. gu le\'95r, enough; gu- to, also an adverbial prefix + le\'95r, le\'95ir, enough; or fr. Ir. goleor, the same word.] Plenty; abundance; in abundance.

Galoshe

Ga*loshe" (?), n. Same as Galoche.

Galpe

Galpe (?), v. i. To gape,; to yawn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Galsome

Gal"some (?), a. [Gall bitterness + some.] Angry; malignant. [Obs.] Bp. Morton.

Galt

Galt (?), n [See Gault.] Same as Gault.

Galvanic

Gal*van"ic (?), a. [From Galvani, a professor of physiology at Bologna, on account of his connection (about 1780) with the discovery of dynamical or current electricity: cf. F. galvanique.] Of or pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or producing electrical currents. Galvanic battery (Elec.), an apparatus for generating electrical currents by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; -- now usually called voltaic battery. See Battery. -- Galvanic circuit ∨ circle. (Elec.) See under Circuit. -- Galvanic pile (Elec.), the voltaic pile. See under Voltaic.

Galvanism

Gal"va*nism (?), n [From Galvani: cf. F. galvanisme. See Galvanic.] (Physics) (a) Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; dynamical electricity. (b) The branch of physical science which treats of dynamical elecricity, or the properties and effects of electrical currents. &hand; The words galvanism and galvanic, formerly in very general use, are now rarely employed. For the latter, voltaic, from the name of Volta, is commonly used.

Galvanist

Gal"va*nist (?), n. One versed in galvanism.

Galvanization

Gal"va*niza`tion (?), n. The act of process of galvanizing.

Galvanize

Gal"va*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galvanized (?); p pr. & vb. n. Galvanizing (?).] [Cf. F. galvaniser.]

1. To affect with galvanism; to subject to the action of electrical currents.

2. To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means of electricity.

3. To restore to consciousness by galvanic action (as from a state of suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or excite to a factitious animation or activity.

4. To coat, as iron, with zinc. See Galvanized iron. Galvanized iron, formerly, iron coated with zink by electrical deposition; now more commonly, iron coated with zink by plunging into a bath of melted zink, after its surface has been cleaned by friction with the aid of dilute acid.

Galvanizer

Gal"va*ni`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, galvanize.

Galvanocaustic

Gal*van`o*caus"tic (?), a. [Galvanic + caustic.] Relating to the use of galvanic heat as a caustic, especially in medicine.

Galvanocautery

Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y (?), n. (Med.) Cautery effected by a knife or needle heated by the passage of a galvanic current.

Galvanoglyphy

Gal`va*nog"ly*phy (?), n. [Galvanic + Gr. Same as Glyphography.

Galvanograph

Gal*van"o*graph (?), n. [Galvanic + -graph.] (Engraving) A copperplate produced by the method of galvanography; also, a picture printed from such a plate.

Galvanographic

Gal*van`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to galvanography.

Galvanography

Gal`va*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Galvanic + -graphy.]

1. The art or process of depositing metals by electricity; electrotypy.

2. A method of producing by means of electrotyping process (without etching) copperplates which can be printed from in the same manner as engraved plates.

Galvanologist

Gal`va*nol"o*gist (?), n. One who describes the phenomena of galvanism; a writer on galvanism.

Galvanology

Gal`va*nol"o*gy (?) n. [Galvanic + -logy.] A treatise on galvanism, or a description of its phenomena.

Galvanometer

Gal`va*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Galvanic + -meter: cf. F. galvanom\'8atre.] (Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic needle. Differential galvanometer. See under Differental, a. -- Sine galvanometer, Cosine galvanometer, Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of the angle through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the strength of the current passed through the instrument.

Galvanometric

Gal*van`o*met"ric (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or measured by, a galvanometer.

Galvanometry

Gal`va*nom"e*try (?), n. The art or process of measuring the force of electric currents.

Galvanoplastic

Gal*van`o*plas"tic (?), a. [Galvanic + -plastic.] Of or pertaining to the art or process of electrotyping; employing, or produced by, the process of electolytic deposition; as, a galvano-plastic copy of a medal or the like.

Galvanoplasty

Gal*van"o*plas`ty (?), n. [Cf. F. galanoplastie.] The art or process of electrotypy.

Galvanopuncture

Gal*van`o*punc"ture (?), n. (Med.) Same as Electro-puncture.

Galvanoscope

Gal*van`o*scope (?), n. [Galvanic + -scope: cf. F. galvanoscope.] (Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of electrical currents, especially such as are of feeble intensity.

Galvanoscopic

Gal*van`o*scop"ic (?), a Of or pertaining to a galvanoscope.

Galvanoscopy

Gal`va*nos"co*py (?), n (Physiol.) The use of galvanism in physiological experiments.

Galvanotonus

Gal`va*not"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. E. galvanic + GR. (Physiol.) Same as Electrotonus.

Galvanotropism

Gal`va*not"ro*pism (?), n. [Galvanic + Gr. (Bot.) The tendency of a root to place its axis in the line of a galvanic current.

Galwes

Gal"wes (?), n. Gallows. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gama grass

Ga"ma grass` (?). [From Gama, a cluster of the Maldive Islands.] (Bot.) A species of grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) tall, stout, and exceedingly productive; cultivated in the West Indies, Mexico, and the Southern States of North America as a forage grass; -- called also sesame grass.

Gamashes

Ga*mash"es (?), n. pl. [F. gamaches.] High boots or buskins; in Scotland, short spatterdashes or riding trousers, worn over the other clothing.

Gamba

Gam"ba (?), n. A viola da gamba.

Gambadoes

Gam*ba"does (?), n. pl. [I. or Sp. gamba leg. See Gambol, n.] Same as Gamashes.
His thin legs tenanted a pair of gambadoes fastened at the side with rusty clasps. Sir W. Scott.

Gambeson

Gam"be*son (?), n. Same as Gambison.

Gambet

Gam"bet (?), n. [Fr. gambette, or It. gambetta.] (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genuis Totanus. See Tattler.

Gambier

Gam"bier (?), n. [Malayan.] (a) The inspissated juice of a plant (Uncaria Gambir) growing in Malacca. It is a powerful astringent, and, under the name of Terra Japonica, is used for chewing with the Areca nut, and is exported for tanning and dyeing. (b) Catechu. [Written also gambeer and gambir.]

Gambison

Gam"bi*son (?), n. [OF. gambeson, gambaison, fr. gambais, wambais, of German origin: cf. MHG. wambeis, G. wams doublet, fr. OHG. wamba, stomach. See Womb.] A defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth stuffed and quilted.

Gambist

Gam"bist (?), n. [It. gamba leg.] (Mus.) A performer upon the viola di gamba. See under Viola.

Gambit

Gam"bit (?), n. [F. gambit, cf. It. gambitto gambit, a tripping up. See Gambol, n.] (Chess Playing) A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to gain an attacking position. <-- Hence, Fig. any stratagem; in conversation, a remark, often prepared in advance, calculated to provoke discussion, amuse, or make a point = a conversational gambit -->

Gamble

Gam"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gambled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gambling (?).] [Dim. of game. See 2d Game.] To play or game for money or other stake.

Gamble

Gamble, v. t. To lose or squander by gaming; -- usually with away. "Bankrupts or sots who have gambled or slept away their estates." Ames.

Gambler

Gam"bler (?), n. One who gambles.

Gamboge

Gam*boge" (?), n. A concrete juice, or gum resin, produced by several species of trees in Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses, or cylindrical rolls, from Cambodia, or Cambogia, -- whence its name. The best kind is of a dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful reddish yellow. Taking internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic ad emetic. [Written also camboge.] &hand; There are several kinds of gamboge, but all are derived from species of Garcinia, a genus of trees of the order Guttifer\'91. The best Siam gamboge is thought to come from Garcinia Hanburii. Ceylon gamboge is from G. Morella. G. pictoria, of Western India, yields gamboge, and also a kind of oil called gamboge butter.

Gambogian, Gambogic

Gam*bo"gi*an (?), Gambogic (?), a. Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, gamboge.

Gambol

Gam"bol (?), n. [OE. gambolde, gambaulde, F. gambade, gambol, fr. It. gambata kick, fr. L. gamba leg, akin to F. jambe, OF. also, gambe, fr. L. gamba, hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. cam crooked; perh. akin to E. chamber: cf.F. gambiller to kick about. Cf. Jamb, n., Gammon ham, Gambadoes.] A skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive prank. Dryden.

Gambol

Gam"bol v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamboled (?), or Gambolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gamboling or Gambolling.] To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk; to skip; to play in frolic, like boys or lambs.

Gambrel

Gam"brel (?), n [OF. gambe, jambe leg, F. jambe. Cf. Cambrel, Chambrel, and see Gambol. n.]

1. The hind leg of a horse.

2. A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; -- used by butchers in suspending slaughtered animals. Gambrel roof (Arch.), a curb roof having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope and an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in form.

Gambrel

Gam"brel v. t. To truss or hang up by means of a gambrel. Beau. & Fl.

Gambroon

Gam*broon" (?), n. A kind of twilled linen cloth for lining. Simmonds.

Game

Game (?), a. [Cf. W. cam crooked, and E. gambol, n.] Crooked; lame; as, a game leg. [Colloq.]

Game

Game, n. [OE. game, gamen, AS. gamen, gomen, play, sport; akin to OS., OHG., & Icel. gaman, Dan. gammen mirth, merriment, OSw. gamman joy. Cf. Gammon a game, Backgammon, Gamble v. i.]

1. Sport of any kind; jest, frolic.

We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game. Shak.

2. A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules, for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; as, a game of chance; games of skill; field games, etc.

But war's a game, which, were their subject wise, Kings would not play at. Cowper.
&hand; Among the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans, there were regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength, agility, and skill under the patronage of the government, usually accompanied with religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian games.

3. The use or practice of such a game; a single match at play; a single contest; as, a game at cards.

Talk the game o'er between the deal. Lloyd.

4. That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the number of points necessary to be scored in order to win a game; as, in short whist five points are game.

5. (Card Playing) In some games, a point credited on the score to the player whose cards counts up the highest.

6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or purpose; method of procedure; projected line of operations; plan; project.

Your murderous game is nearly up. Blackw. Mag.
It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to blacken the greatest literary champion of the cause he had set himself to attack. Saintsbury.

7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats designed for, or served at, table.

Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by the well-known appellation of game. Blackstone.
Confidence game. See under Confidence. -- To make game of, to make sport of; to mock. Milton.

Game

Game, a.

1. Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to fight to the last; plucky.

I was game . . . .I felt that I could have fought even to the death. W. Irving.

2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game, or to the act or practice of hunting. Game bag, a sportsman's bag for carrying small game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken. -- Game bird, any bird commonly shot for food, esp. grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew, and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns. -- Game egg, an egg producing a gamecock. -- Game laws, laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking game for food or for sport. -- Game preserver, a land owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate with a view to its increase. [Eng.] -- To be game. (a) To show a brave, unyielding spirit. (b) To be victor in a game. [Colloq.] -- To die game, to maintain a bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting.


Page 611

Game

Game (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaming.] [OE. gamen, game, to rejoice, AS. gamenian to play. See Game, n.]

1. To rejoice; to be pleased; -- often used, in Old English, impersonally with dative. [Obs.]

God loved he best with all his whole hearte At alle times, though him gamed or smarte. Chaucer.

2. To play at any sport or diversion.

3. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards, or other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest; to gamble. <-- sic!? -->

Gamecock

Game"cock` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The male game fowl.

Game fowl

Game" fowl` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A handsome breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great courage and pugnacity of the males.

Gameful

Game"ful (?), a. Full of game or games.

Gamekeeper

Game"keep`er (?), n. One who has the care of game, especially in a park or preserve. Blackstone.

Gameless

Game"less, a. Destitute of game.

Gamely

Game"ly, adv. In a plucky manner; spiritedly.

Gameness

Game"ness, n. Endurance; pluck.

Gamesome

Game"some (?), a. Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry. Shak.
Gladness of the gamesome crowd. Byron.
-- Game"some*ly, adv. -- Game"some*ness, n.

Gamester

Game"ster (?), n. [Game + -ster.]

1. A merry, frolicsome person. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A person who plays at games; esp., one accustomed to play for a stake; a gambler; one skilled in games.

When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest gamester is the soonest winner. Shak.

3. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Shak.

Gamic

Gam"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or resulting from, sexual connection; formed by the union of the male and female elements.

Gamin

Gam"in (?), n. [F.] A neglected and untrained city boy; a young street Arab.
In Japan, the gamins run after you, and say, 'Look at the Chinaman.' L. Oliphant.

Gaming

Gam"ing (?), n. The act or practice of playing games for stakes or wagers; gambling.

Gamma

Gam"ma (?), n. The third letter (G
) of the Greek alphabet.

Gammadion

Gam*ma"di*on (?), n. A cross formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a mysterious ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See Fylfot.

Gammer

Gam"mer (?), n. [Possibly contr. fr. godmother; but prob. fr. grammer for grandmother. Cf. Gaffer.] An old wife; an old woman; -- correlative of gaffer, an old man.

Gammon

Gam"mon (?), n. [OF. gambon, F. jambon, fr. OF. gambe leg, F. jambe. See Gambol, n., and cf. Ham.] The buttock or tight of a hog, salted and smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch. Goldsmith.

Gammon

Gam"mon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gameed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gameing.] To make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke.

Gammon

Gam"mon, n. [See 2d Game.]

1. Backgammon.

2. An imposition or hoax; humbug. [Colloq.]

Gammon

Gam"mon, v. t.

1. To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been able to get his "men" or counters home and withdraw any of them from the board; as, to gammon a person.

2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole. [Colloq.] Hood.

Gammon

Gam"mon, v. t. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.) To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron. Totten.

Gammoning

Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 5th Gammon.] (Naut.) The lashing or iron band by which the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the stem to opposite the lifting action of the forestays. Gammoning fashion, in the style of gammoning lashing, that is, having the turns of rope crossed. -- Gammoning hole (Naut.), a hole cut through the knee of the head of a vessel for the purpose of gammoning the bowsprit.

Gammoning

Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 4th Gammon.] The act of imposing upon or hoaxing a person. [Colloq.]

Gamogenesis

Gam`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.) The production of offspring by the union of parents of different sexes; sexual reproduction; -- the opposite of agamogenesis.

Gamogenetic

Gam`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to gamogenesis. -- Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Gamomorphism

Gam`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which the reproductive elements are generated and matured in preparation for propagating the species.

Gamopetalous

Gam`o*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. petalous: cf. F. gamop\'82tale.] (Bot.) Having the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or cup; monopetalous.

Gamophyllous

Ga*moph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Composed of leaves united by their edges (coalescent). Gray.

Gamosepalous

Gam`o*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. sepal.] (Bot.) Formed of united sepals; monosepalous.

Gamut

Gam"ut (?), n. [F. gamme + ut the name of a musical note. F. gamme is fr. the name of the Greek letter Gamma, and Ut.] (Mus.) The scale.

Gamy

Gam"y (?), a.

1. (Cookery) Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept uncooked till near the condition of tainting; high-flavored.

2. (Sporting) Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; as, a gamy trout. <-- NOTE irregular format for pos ### -->

Gan

Gan (?), imp. &of; Gin. [See Gin, v.] Began; commenced. &hand; Gan was formerly used with the infinitive to form compound imperfects, as did is now employed. Gan regularly denotes the singular; the plural is usually denoted by gunne or gonne.
This man gan fall (i.e., fell) in great suspicion. Chaucer.
The little coines to their play gunne hie (i.e., hied). Chaucer.
Later writers use gan both for singular and plural.
Yet at her speech their rages gan relent. Spenser.

Ganch

Ganch (?), v. t. [Cf. F. ganche, n., also Sp. & Pg. gancho hook, It. gancio.] To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the Turks dropped malefactors, by way of punishment.
Ganching, which is to let fall from on high upon hooks, and there to hang until they die. Sandys.

Gander

Gan"der (?), n. [AS. gandra, ganra, akin to Prov. G. gander, ganter, and E. goose, gannet. See Goose.] The male of any species of goose.

Gane

Gane (?), v. i. [See Yawn.] To yawn; to gape. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ganesa

Ga*ne"sa (?), n. (Hind. Myth.) The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence. &hand; He is represented as a short, fat, red-colored man, with a large belly and the head of an elephant. Balfour.

Gang

Gang (?), v. i. [AS. gangan, akin to OS. & OHG. gangan, Icel. ganga, Goth. gaggan; cf. Lith. to walk, Skr. ja leg. &root;48. CF. Go.] To go; to walk. &hand; Obsolete in English literature, but still used in the North of England, and also in Scotland.

Gang

Gang, n. [Icel. gangr a going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., & Dan. gang a going, Goth. gaggs street, way. See Gang, v. i.]

1. A going; a course. [Obs.]

2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one foreman; a squad; as, a gang of sailors; a chain gang; a gang of thieves.

3. A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a gang of saws, or of plows.

4. (Naut.) A set; all required for an outfit; as, a new gang of stays.

5. [Cf. Gangue.] (Mining) The mineral substance which incloses a vein; a matrix; a gangue. Gang board, ∨ Gang plank. (Naut.) (a) A board or plank, with cleats for steps, forming a bridge by which to enter or leave a vessel. (b) A plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to walk on. -- Gang cask, a small cask in which to bring water aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck. -- Gang cultivator, Gang plow, a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached to one frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same time. -- Gang days, Rogation days; the time of perambulating parishes. See Gang week (below). -- Gang drill, a drilling machine having a number of drills driven from a common shaft. -- Gang master, a master or employer of a gang of workmen. -- Gang plank. See Gang board (above). -- Gang plow. See Gang cultivator (above). -- Gang press, a press for operating upon a pile or row of objects separated by intervening plates. -- Gang saw, a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances apart. -- Gang tide. See Gang week (below). -- Gang tooth, a projecting tooth. [Obs.] Halliwell. -- Gang week, Rogation week, when formerly processions were made to survey the bounds of parishes. Halliwell. -- Live gang, ∨ Round gang, the Western and the Eastern names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log into boards at one operation. Knight. -- Slabbing gang, an arrangement of saws which cuts slabs from two sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick beam.

Ganger

Gang"er (?), n. One who oversees a gang of workmen. [R.] Mayhew.

Gangetic

Gan*get"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the Gangetic shark.

Gang-flower

Gang"-flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) The common English milkwort (Polygala vulgaris), so called from blossoming in gang week. Dr. Prior.

Gangion

Gan"gion (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A short line attached to a trawl. See Trawl, n.

Gangliac, Ganglial

Gan"gli*ac (?), Gan"gli*al (?), a. (Anat.) Relating to a ganglion; ganglionic.

Gangliate, Gangliated

Gan"gli*ate (?), Gan"gli*a`ted (?), a. (Anat.) Furnished with ganglia; as, the gangliated cords of the sympathetic nervous system.

Gangliform, Ganglioform

Gan"gli*form` (?), Gan"gli*o*form` (?), a. [Ganglion + -form.] (Anat.) Having the form of a ganglion.

Ganglion

Gan"gli*on (?), n.; pl. L. Ganglia (#), E. Ganglions (#). [L. ganglion a sort of swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the skin, Gr. ganglion.]

1. (Anat.) (a) A mass or knot of nervous matter, including nerve cells, usually forming an enlargement in the course of a nerve. (b) A node, or gland in the lymphatic system; as, a lymphatic ganglion.

2. (Med.) A globular, hard, indolent tumor, situated somewhere on a tendon, and commonly formed by the effusion of a viscid fluid into it; -- called also weeping sinew. Ganglion cell, a nerve cell. See Illust. under Bipolar.

Ganglionary

Gan"gli*on*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. ganglionnarie.] (Anat.) Ganglionic.

Ganglionic

Gan`gli*on"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. ganglionique.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, ganglia or ganglion cells; as, a ganglionic artery; the ganglionic columns of the spinal cord.

Gangrel

Gan"grel (?), a. [Cf. Gang, v. i.] Wandering; vagrant. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Gangrenate

Gan"gre*nate (?), v. t. To gangrene. [Obs.]

Gangrene

Gan"grene (?), n. [F. gangr\'8ane, L. gangraena, fr. Gr. gras, gar, to devour, and E. voracious, also canker, n., in sense 3.] (Med.) A term formerly restricted to mortification of the soft tissues which has not advanced so far as to produce complete loss of vitality; but now applied to mortification of the soft parts in any stage.

Gangrene

Gan"grene, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gangrened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gangrening.] [Cf. F. gangr\'82ner.] To produce gangrene in; to be affected with gangrene.

Gangrenescent

Gan`gre*nes"cent (?), a. Tending to mortification or gangrene.

Gangrenous

Gan"gre*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. gangr\'82neux.] Affected by, or produced by, gangrene; of the nature of gangrene.

Gangue

Gangue (?), n. [F. gangue, fr. G. gang a metallic vein, a passage. See Gang, n.] (Mining) The mineral or earthy substance associated with metallic ore.

Gangway

Gang"way` (?), n. [See Gang, v. i.]

1. A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way of access formed of planks.

2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the government or with the opposition.

3. (Naut.) The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which persons enter or leave it.

4. (Naut.) That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; -- more properly termed the waist. Totten. Gangway ladder, a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at the gangway. -- To bring to the gangway, to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the gangway.

Ganil

Gan"il (?), n. [F.] A kind of brittle limestone. [Prov. Eng.] Kirwan.

Ganister, Gannister

Gan"is*ter (?), Gan"nis*ter
, n. (Mech.) A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay; -- used for lining Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing roads.

Ganja

Gan"ja (?), n. [Hind. g\'benjh\'be.] The dried hemp plant, used in India for smoking. It is extremely narcotic and intoxicating.<-- marijuana, hashish -->

Gannet

Gan"net (?), n. [OE. gant, AS. ganet, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen duck; akin to D. gent gander, OHG. ganazzo. See Gander, Goose.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of sea birds of the genus Sula, allied to the pelicans. &hand; The common gannet of Europe and America (S. bassana), is also called solan goose, chandel goose, and gentleman. In Florida the wood ibis is commonly called gannet. Booby gannet. See Sula.

Ganocephala

Gan`o*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A group of fossil amphibians allied to the labyrinthodonts, having the head defended by bony, sculptured plates, as in some ganoid fishes.

Ganocephalous

Gan`o*ceph"a*lous (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the Ganocephala.

Ganoid

Ga"noid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Ganoidei. -- n. One of the Ganoidei. Ganoid scale (Zo\'94l.), one kind of scales of the ganoid fishes, composed of an inner layer of bone, and an outer layer of shining enamel. They are often so arranged as to form a coat of mail.

Ganoidal

Ga*noid"al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Ganoid.

Ganoidei

Ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ganoid.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone and bulb, spiral intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by a chiasma. Many of the species are covered with bony plates, or with ganoid scales; others have cycloid scales. &hand; They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in early geological periods; but they are represented by comparatively few living species, most of which inhabit fresh waters, as the bowfin, gar pike, bichir, Ceratodus, paddle fish, and sturgeon.

Ganoidian

Ga*noid"i*an (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Ganoid.

Ganoine

Ga"no*ine (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar bony tissue beneath the enamel of a ganoid scale.

Gansa

Gan"sa (?), n. Same as Ganza. Bp. Hall.

Gantlet

Gant"let (?), n. [Gantlet is corrupted fr. gantlope; gantlope is for gatelope, Sw. gatlopp, orig., a running down a lane; gata street, lane + lopp course, career, akin to l\'94pa to run. See
Gate a way, and Leap.] A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck him as he passed. To run the gantlet, to suffer the punishment of the gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands.
Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights. Palfrey.
&hand; Written also, but less properly, gauntlet.

Gantlet

Gant"let, n. A glove. See Gauntlet.

Gantline

Gant"line` (?), n. A line rigged to a mast; -- used in hoisting rigging; a girtline.
Page 612

Gantlope

Gant"lope` (?), n. See Gantlet. [Obs.]

Gantry

Gan"try (?), n. See Gauntree.

Ganza

Gan"za (?), n. [Sp. gansa, ganso, goose; of Gothic origin. See Gannet, Goose.] A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled to be carried to the lunar world. [Also gansa.] Johnson.

Gaol

Gaol (?), n. [See Jail.] A place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail. [Preferably, and in the United States usually, written jail.] Commission of general gaol delivery, an authority conferred upon judges and others included in it, for trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges, upon their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and for discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict. [Eng.] -- Gaol delivery. (Law) See Jail delivery, under Jail.

Gaoler

Gaol"er (?), n. The keeper of a jail. See Jailer.

Gap

Gap (?), n. [OE. gap; cf. Icel. gap an empty space, Sw. gap mouth, breach, abyss, Dan. gab mouth, opening, AS. geap expanse; as adj., wide, spacious. See Gape.] An opening in anything made by breaking or parting; as, a gap in a fence; an opening for a passage or entrance; an opening which implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a hiatus; a mountain pass.
Miseries ensued by the opening of that gap. Knolles.
It would make a great gap in your own honor. Shak.
Gap lathe (Mach.), a turning lathe with a deep notch in the bed to admit of turning a short object of large diameter. -- To stand in the gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a fallen defender or supporter. -- To stop a gap, to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.

Gap

Gap, v. t.

1. To notch, as a sword or knife.

2. To make an opening in; to breach.

Their masses are gapp'd with our grape. Tennyson.

Gape

Gape (?; in Eng, commonly ?; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaped (? or ?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaping] [OE. gapen, AS. geapan to open; akin to D. gapen to gape, G. gaffen, Icel. & Sw. gapa, Dan. gabe; cf. Skr. jabh to snap at, open the mouth. Cf. Gaby, Gap.]

1. To open the mouth wide; as: (a) Expressing a desire for food; as, young birds gape. Dryden.(b) Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn.

She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks if it be time to rise. Swift.
(c) Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment, expectation, etc.
With gaping wonderment had stared aghast. Byron.
(d) Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome.
They have gaped upon me with their mouth. Job xvi. 10.

2. To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or hiatus.

May that ground gape and swallow me alive! Shak.

3. To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; -- with for, after, or at.

The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes. Denham.
Syn. -- To gaze; stare; yawn. See Gaze.

Gape

Gape, n.

1. The act of gaping; a yawn. Addison.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc.

The gapes

The gapes. (a) A fit of yawning. (b) A disease of young poultry and other birds, attended with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic nematode worm (Syngamus trachealis), in the windpipe, which obstructs the breathing. See Gapeworm.

Gaper

Gap"er (?), n.

1. One who gapes.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European fish. See 4th Comber. (b) A large edible clam (Schizoth\'91rus Nuttalli), of the Pacific coast; -- called also gaper clam. (c) An East Indian bird of the genus Cymbirhynchus, related to the broadbills.

Gapeseed

Gape"seed` (?), n. Any strange sight. Wright.

Gapesing

Gapes"ing (? ∨ ?), n. Act of gazing about; sightseeing. [Prov. Eng.]

Gapeworm

Gape"worm` (? ∨ ?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The parasitic worm that causes the gapes in birds. See Illustration in Appendix.

Gapingstock

Gap"ing*stock` (? ∨ ?), n. One who is an object of open-mouthed wonder.
I was to be a gapingstock and a scorn to the young volunteers. Godwin.

Gap-toothed

Gap"-toothed` (?), a. Having interstices between the teeth. Dryden.

Gar

Gar (?), n. [Prob. AS. g\'ber dart, spear, lance. The name is applied to the fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head. Cf. Goad, Gore, v.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any slender marine fish of the genera Belone and Tylosurus. See Garfish. (b) The gar pike. See Alligator gar (under Alligator), and Gar pike. Gar pike, ∨ Garpike (Zo\'94l.), a large, elongated ganoid fish of the genus Lepidosteus, of several species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers of temperate and tropical America.

Gar

Gar, v. t. [Of Scand. origin. See Gear, n.] To cause; to make. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser.

Garancin

Gar"an*cin (?; 104), n. [F. garance madder, LL. garantia.] (Chem.) An extract of madder by sulphuric acid. It consists essentially of alizarin.

Garb

Garb (?), n. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. garaw\'c6, garw\'c6, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.]

1. (a) Clothing in general. (b) The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any person, especially when indicating rank or office; as, the garb of a clergyman or a judge. (c) Costume; fashion; as, the garb of a gentleman in the 16th century.

2. External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech.

You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel. Shak.

Garb

Garb (?), n. [F. gerbe, OF. also garbe, OHG. garba, G. garbe; cf. Skr. grbh to seize, E. grab.] (Her.) A sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified).

Garb

Garb, v. t. To clothe; array; deck.
These black dog-Dons Garb themselves bravely. Tennyson.

Garbage

Gar"bage (?; 48), n. [OE. also garbash, perh. orig., that which is purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. garber to make fine, neat, OHG. garawan to make ready, prepare, akin to E. garb dress; or perh. for garbleage, fr. garble; or cf. OF. garbage tax on sheaves, E. garb sheaf.] Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless, disgusting, or loathsome. Grainger.

Garbage

Gar"bage, v. t. To strip of the bowels; to clean. "Pilchards . . . are garbaged." Holland.

Garbed

Garbed (?), a. Dressed; habited; clad.

Garbel

Gar"bel (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Garboard.

Garbel

Gar"bel, n. [Cf. Garble, v. t.] Anything sifted, or from which the coarse parts have been taken. [Obs.]

Garble

Gar"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garbling.] [Formerly, to pick out, sort, OF. grabeler, for garbeler to examine precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. garbellare to sift; cf. Sp. garbillar to sift, garbillo a coarse sieve, L. cribellum, dim. of cribrum sieve, akin to cernere to separate, sift (cf. E. Discern); or perh. rather from Ar. gharb\'bel, gharbil, sieve.]

1. To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or valuable parts of from the coarse and useless parts, or from dros or dirt; as, to garble spices. [Obs.]

2. To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to pervert; as, to garble a quotation; to garble an account.

Garble

Gar"ble, n.

1. Refuse; rubbish. [Obs.] Wolcott.

2. pl. Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; -- also called garblings.

Garbler

Gar"bler (?), n. One who garbles.

Garboard

Gar"board (?), n. (Naut.) One of the planks next the keel on the outside, which form a garboard strake. Garboard strake ∨ streak, the first range or strake of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel. Totten.

Garboil

Gar"boil (?), n. [OF. garbouil; cf. Sp. garbullo, It. garbuglio; of uncertain origin; the last part is perh. fr. L. bullire to boil, E. boil.] Tumult; disturbance; disorder. [Obs.] Shak.

Garcinia

Gar*cin"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including the mangosteen tree (Garcinia Mangostana), found in the islands of the Indian Archipelago; -- so called in honor of Dr. Garcin.

Gard

Gard (?), n. [See Garde, Yard] Garden. [Obs.] "Trees of the gard." F. Beaumont.

Gard

Gard, v. & n. See Guard.

Gardant

Gar"dant (?), a. [F. See Guardant.] (Her.) Turning the head towards the spectator, but not the body; -- said of a lion or other beast.

Garden

Gar"den (?; 277), n. [OE. gardin, OF. gardin, jardin, F. jardin, of German origin; cf. OHG. garto, G. garten; akin to AS. geard. See Yard an inclosure.]

1. A piece of ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables.

2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country.

I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant garden of great Italy. Shak.
&hand; Garden is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds; as, garden flowers, garden tools, garden walk, garden wall, garden house or gardenhouse. Garden balsam, an ornamental plant (Impatiens Balsamina). -- Garden engine, a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering gardens. -- Garden glass. (a) A bell glass for covering plants. (b) A globe of dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding objects; -- much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany. -- Garden house (a) A summer house. Beau & Fl. (b) A privy. [Southern U.S.] -- Garden husbandry, the raising on a small scale of seeds, fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale. -- Garden mold ∨ mould, rich, mellow earth which is fit for a garden. Mortimer. -- Garden nail, a cast nail used, for fastening vines to brick walls. Knight. -- Garden net, a net for covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from birds. -- Garden party, a social party held out of doors, within the grounds or garden attached to a private residence. -- Garden plot, a plot appropriated to a garden. Garden pot, a watering pot. -- Garden pump, a garden engine; a barrow pump. -- Garden shears, large shears, for clipping trees and hedges, pruning, etc. -- Garden spider, (Zo\'94l.), the diadem spider (Epeira diadema), common in gardens, both in Europe and America. It spins a geometrical web. See Geometric spider, and Spider web. -- Garden stand, a stand for flower pots. -- Garden stuff, vegetables raised in a garden. [Colloq.] -- Garden syringe, a syringe for watering plants, sprinkling them with solutions for destroying insects, etc. -- Garden truck, vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.] -- Garden ware, garden truck. [Obs.] Mortimer. -- Bear garden, Botanic garden, etc. See under Bear, etc. -- Hanging garden. See under Hanging. -- Kitchen garden, a garden where vegetables are cultivated for household use. -- Market garden, a piece of ground where vegetable are cultivated to be sold in the markets for table use.

Garden

Gar"den, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gardened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gardening.] To lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice horticulture.

Garden

Gar"den, v. t. To cultivate as a garden.

Gardener

Gar"den*er (?), n. One who makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist.

Gardenia

Garde"ni*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, some species of which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; -- so called in honor of Dr. Alexander Garden.

Gardening

Gar"den*ing (?), n. The art of occupation of laying out and cultivating gardens; horticulture.

Gardenless

Gar"den*less (?), a. Destitute of a garden. Shelley.

Gardenly

Gar"den*ly (?), a. Like a garden. [R.] W. Marshall.

Gardenship

Gar"den*ship, n. Horticulture. [Obs.]

Gardon

Gar"don (?), n. [F] (Zo\'94l.) A European cyprinoid fish; the id.

Gardyloo

Gar`dy*loo" (?), n. [F. gare l'eau beware of the water.] An old cry in throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows in Edingburgh. Sir. W. Scott.

Gare

Gare (?), n. [Cf. Gear.] Coarse wool on the legs of sheep. Blount.

Garefowl

Gare"fowl` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The great auk; also, the razorbill. See Auk. [Written also gairfowl, and gurfel.]

Garfish

Gar"fish` (?), n. [See Gar, n.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European marine fish (Belone vulgaris); -- called also gar, gerrick, greenback, greenbone, gorebill, hornfish, longnose, mackerel guide, sea needle, and sea pike. (b) One of several species of similar fishes of the genus Tylosurus, of which one species (T. marinus) is common on the Atlantic coast. T. Caribb\'91us, a very large species, and T. crassus, are more southern; -- called also needlefish. Many of the common names of the European garfish are also applied to the American species.

Gargalize

Gar"ga*lize (?), v. t. [Cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] To gargle; to rinse. [Obs.] Marston.

Garganey

Gar"ga*ney (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European duck (Anas querquedula); -- called also cricket teal, and summer teal.

Gargantuan

Gar*gan"tu*an (?; 135), a. [From Gargantua, an allegorical hero of Rabelais.] Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic, wonderful personage; enormous; prodigious; inordinate.

Gargarism

Gar"ga*rism (?), n. [F. gargarisme, L. gargarisma. See Gargarize.] (Med.) A gargle.

Gargarize

Gar"ga*rize (?), v. t. [F. gargarizare, fr. Gr. To gargle; to rinse or wash, as the mouth and throat. [Obs.] Bacon.

Garget

Garget (?), n. [OE. garget, gargate, throat, OF. gargate. Cf. Gorge. The etymol. of senses 2, 3, & 4 is not certain.]

1. The throat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A diseased condition of the udders of cows, etc., arising from an inflammation of the mammary glands.

3. A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss of appetite. Youatt.

4. (Bot.) See Poke.

Gargil

Gar"gil (?), n. [Cf. Garget, Gargoyle.] A distemper in geese, affecting the head.

Gargle

Gar"gle (?), n. (Arch.) See Gargoyle.

Gargle

Gar"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garggled (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Gargling ( [F. gargouiller to dabble, paddle, gargle. Cf. Gargoyle, Gurgle.]

1. To wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the latter, agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an expulsion of air from the lungs.

2. To warble; to sing as if gargling [Obs.] Waller.

Gargle

Gar"gle, n. A liquid, as water or some medicated preparation, used to cleanse the mouth and throat, especially for a medical effect.

Gargol

Gar"gol (?), n. [Cf. Gargil.] A distemper in swine; garget. Mortimer.

Gargoulette

Gar`gou*lette" (?), n. [F.] A water cooler or jug with a handle and spout; a gurglet. Mollett.

Gargoyle

Gar"goyle (?), n. [OE. garguilie, gargouille, cf. Sp. g\'a0rgola, prob. fr. the same source as F. gorge throat, influenced by L. gargarizare to gargle. See Gorge and cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] (Arch.) A spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely. [Written also gargle, gargyle, and gurgoyle.]

Gargyle

Gar"gyle (?), n. (Arch.) See Gargoyle.

Garibaldi

Ga`ri*bal"di (?), n.

1. A jacket worn by women; -- so called from its resemblance in shape to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot Garibaldi.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A California market fish (Pomancentrus rubicundus) of a deep scarlet color.

Garish

Gar"ish (?), a. [Cf. OE. gauren to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf. gairish.]

1. Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention. "The garish sun." "A garish flag." Shak. "In . . . garish colors." Asham. "The garish day." J. H. Newman.

Garish like the laughters of drunkenness. Jer. Taylor.

2. Gay to extravagance; flighty.

It makes the mind loose and garish. South.
-- Gar"ish*ly, adv. -- Garish*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.

Garland

Gar"land (?), n. [OE. garland, gerlond, OF. garlande, F. guirlande; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. wiara, wiera, crown, pure gold, MHG. wieren to adorn.]

1. The crown of a king. [Obs.] Graffon.

2. A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers, or feathers, and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown; a coronal; a wreath. Pope.


Page 613

3. The top; the thing most prized. Shak.

4. A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an anthology.

They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies under the name of garlands. Percy.

5. (Naut.) (a) A sort of netted bag used by sailors to keep provision in. (b) A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience in handling.

Garland

Gar"land (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garlanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Garlanding.] To deck with a garland. B. Jonson.

Garlandless

Gar"land*less, a. Destitute of a garland. Shelley.

Garlic

Gar"lic (?), n. [OE. garlek, AS. g\'berle\'a0c; gar spear, lance + le\'a0c leek. See Gar, n., and Leek.]

1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Allium (A. sativum is the cultivated variety), having a bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste. Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called cloves of garlic, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily separable.

2. A kind of jig or farce. [Obs.] Taylor (1630). Garlic mustard, a European plant of the Mustard family (Alliaria officinalis) which has a strong smell of garlic. -- Garlic pear tree, a tree in Jamaica (Crat\'91va gynandra), bearing a fruit which has a strong scent of garlic, and a burning taste.

Garlicky

Gar"lick*y (?), a. Like or containing garlic.

Garment

Gar"ment (?), n. [OE. garnement, OF. garnement, garniment, fr. garnir to garnish. See Garnish.] Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown, etc.
No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old garment. Matt. ix. 16.

Garmented

Gar"ment*ed, p. a. Having on a garment; attired; enveloped, as with a garment. [Poetic]
A lovely lady garmented in light From her own beauty. Shelley.

Garmenture

Gar"men*ture (?), n. Clothing; dress.

Garner

Gar"ner (?), n. [OE. garner, gerner, greiner, OF. gernier, grenier, F. grenier, fr. L. granarium, fr. granum. See 1st Grain, and cf. Granary.] A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for preservation.

Garner

Gar"ner, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnering.] To gather for preservation; to store, as in a granary; to treasure. Shak.

Garnet

Gar"net (?), n. [OE. gernet, grenat, OF. grenet,grenat, F. grenat, LL. granatus, fr. L. granatum pomegranate, granatus having many grains or seeds, fr. granum grain, seed. So called from its resemblance in color and shape to the grains or seeds of the pomegranate. See Grain, and cf. Grenade, Pomegranate.] (Min.) A mineral having many varieties differing in color and in their constituents, but with the same crystallization (isometric), and conforming to the same general chemical formula. The commonest color is red, the luster is vitreous, and the hardness greater than that of quartz. The dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the common forms. &hand; There are also white, green, yellow, brown, and black varieties. The garnet is a silicate, the bases being aluminia lime (grossularite, essonite, or cinnamon stone), or aluminia magnesia (pyrope), or aluminia iron (almandine), or aluminia manganese (spessartite), or iron lime (common garnet, melanite, allochroite), or chromium lime (ouvarovite, color emerald green). The transparent red varieties are used as gems. The garnet was, in part, the carbuncle of the ancients. Garnet is a very common mineral in gneiss and mica slate. Garnet berry (Bot.), the red currant; -- so called from its transparent red color. -- Garnet brown (Chem.), an artificial dyestuff, produced as an explosive brown crystalline substance with a green or golden luster. It consists of the potassium salt of a complex cyanogen derivative of picric acid.

Garnet

Gar"net, n. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.) A tackle for hoisting cargo in our out. Clew garnet. See under Clew.

Garnetiferous

Gar`net*if"er*ous (?), a. [1st garnet + -ferous.] (Min.) Containing garnets.

Garnierite

Gar"ni*er*ite (?), n. [Named after the French geologist Garnier.] (Min.) An amorphous mineral of apple-green color; a hydrous silicate of nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore of nickel.

Garnish

Gar"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnishing.] [OE. garnischen, garnissen, OF. garnir to provide, strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn, F. garnir to provide, furnish, garnish, -- of German origin; cf. OHG. warn\'d3n to provide, equip; akin to G. wahren to watch, E. aware, ware, wary, and cf. also E. warn. See Wary, -ish, and cf. Garment, Garrison.]

1. To decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to adorn; to embellish.

All within with flowers was garnished. Spenser.

2. (Cookery) To ornament, as a dish, with something laid about it; as, a dish garnished with parsley.

3. To furnish; to supply.

4. To fit with fetters. [Cant] Johnson.

5. (Law) To warn by garnishment; to give notice to; to garnishee. See Garnishee, v. t. Cowell.

Garnish

Gar"nish, n.

1. Something added for embellishment; decoration; ornament; also, dress; garments, especially such as are showy or decorated.

So are you, sweet, Even in the lovely garnish of a boy. Shak.
Matter and figure they produce; For garnish this, and that for use. Prior.

2. (Cookery) Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment. See Garnish, v. t., 2. Smart.

3. Fetters. [Cant]

4. A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly an unauthorized fee demanded by the old prisoners of a newcomer. [Cant] Fielding. Garnish bolt (Carp.), a bolt with a chamfered or faceted head. Knight.

Garnishee

Gar`nish*ee" (?), n. (Law) One who is garnished; a person upon whom garnishment has been served in a suit by a creditor against a debtor, such person holding property belonging to the debtor, or owing him money. &hand; The order by which warning is made is called a garnishee order.

Garnishee

Gar`nish*ee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnisheed (-&emac;d); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnisheeing.] (Law) (a) To make (a person) a garnishee; to warn by garnishment; to garnish. (b) To attach (the fund or property sought to be secured by garnishment); to trustee.

Garnisher

Gar"nish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, garnishes.

Garnishment

Gar"nish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. garnissement protection, guarantee, warning.]

1. Ornament; embellishment; decoration. Sir H. Wotton.

2. (Law) (a) Warning, or legal notice, to one to appear and give information to the court on any matter. (b) Warning to a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached, not to pay the money or deliver the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and give information as garnishee.

3. A fee. See Garnish, n., 4.

Garniture

Gar"ni*ture (?), n. [F. garniture. See Garnish, v. t.] That which garnishes; ornamental appendage; embellishment; furniture; dress.
The pomp of groves and garniture of fields. Beattie.

Garookuh

Ga*roo"kuh (?), n. A small fishing vessel met with in the Persian Gulf.

Garous

Ga"rous (?), a. [From Garum.] Pertaining to, or resembling, garum. Sir T. Browne.

Gar pike ∨ Garpike

Gar" pike`Gar"pike`
. (Zo\'94l.) See under Gar.

Garran

Gar"ran (?), n. [Gael. garr\'a0n, gearr\'a0n, gelding, work horse, hack.] (Zo\'94l.) See Galloway. [Scot. garron or gerron. Jamieson.]

Garret

Gar"ret (?), n. [OE. garite, garette, watchtower, place of lookout, OF. garite, also meaning, a place of refuge, F. gu\'82rite a place of refuge, donjon, sentinel box, fr. OF. garir to preserve, save, defend, F. gu\'82rir to cure; of German origin; cf. OHG. werian to protect, defend, hinder, G. wehren, akin to Goth. warjan to hinder, and akin to E. weir, or perhaps to wary. See Weir, and cf. Guerite.]

1. A turret; a watchtower. [Obs.]

He saw men go up and down on the garrets of the gates and walls. Ld. Berners.

2. That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately under or within the roof; an attic.

The tottering garrets which overhung the streets of Rome. Macaulay.

Garreted

Gar"ret*ed, a. Protected by turrets. [Obs.] R. Carew.

Garreteer

Gar`ret*eer" (?), n. One who lives in a garret; a poor author; a literary hack. Macaulay.

Garreting

Gar"ret*ing (?), n. Small splinters of stone inserted into the joints of coarse masonry. Weale.

Garrison

Gar"ri*son (?), n. [OE. garnisoun, F. garnison garrison, in OF. & OE. also, provision, munitions, from garnir to garnish. See Garnish.] (Mil.) (a) A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. (b) A fortified place, in which troops are quartered for its security. In garrison, in the condition of a garrison; doing duty in a fort or as one of a garrison.

Garrison

Gar"ri*son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garrisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garrisoning.] (Mil.) (a) To place troops in, as a fortification, for its defense; to furnish with soldiers; as, to garrison a fort or town. (b) To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; as, to garrison a conquered territory.

Garron

Gar"ron (?), n. Same as Garran. [Scot.]

Garrot

Gar"rot (?), n. [F. Cf. Garrote.] (Surg.) A stick or small wooden cylinder used for tightening a bandage, in order to compress the arteries of a limb.

Garrot

Gar"rot, n. (Zo\'94l.) The European golden-eye.

Garrote

Gar*rote" (?), n. [Sp. garrote, from garra claw, talon, of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. & W. gar leg, ham, shank. Cf. Garrot stick, Garter.] A Spanish mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron collar affixed to a post and tightened by a screw until life become extinct; also, the instrument by means of which the punishment is inflicted.

Garrote

Gar*rote", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garroted; p. pr. & vb. n. Garroting.] To strangle with the garrote; hence, to seize by the throat, from behind, with a view to strangle and rob.

Garroter

Gar*rot"er (?), n. One who seizes a person by the throat from behind, with a view to strangle and rob him.

Garrulity

Gar*ru"li*ty (?), n. [L. garrulitas: cf. F. garrulit\'82.] Talkativeness; loquacity.

Garrulous

Gar"ru*lous (?), a. [L. garrulus, fr. garrire to chatter, talk; cf. Gr. Call.]

1. Talking much, especially about commonplace or trivial things; talkative; loquacious.

The most garrulous people on earth. De Quincey.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a loud, harsh note; noisy; -- said of birds; as, the garrulous roller. Syn. -- Garrulous, Talkative, Loquacious. A garrulous person indulges in long, prosy talk, with frequent repetitions and lengthened details; talkative implies simply a great desire to talk; and loquacious a great flow of words at command. A child is talkative; a lively woman is loquacious; an old man in his dotage is garrulous. -- Gar"ru*lous*ly, adv. -- Gar"ru*lous*ness, n.

Garrupa

Gar*ru"pa (?), n. [Prob. fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Grouper the fish.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of California market fishes, of the genus Sebastichthys; -- called also rockfish. See Rockfish.

Garter

Gar"ter (?), n. [OE. gartier, F. jarreti\'8are, fr. OF. garet bend of the knee, F. jarret; akin to Sp. garra claw, Prov. garra leg. See Garrote.]

1. A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on the leg.

2. The distinguishing badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the Order of the Garter, instituted by Edward III.; also, the Order itself.

3. (Her.) Same as Bendlet. Garter fish (Zo\'94l.), a fish of the genus Lepidopus, having a long, flat body, like the blade of a sword; the scabbard fish. -- Garter king-at-arms, the chief of the official heralds of England, king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; -- often abbreviated to Garter. -- Garter snake (Zo\'94l.), one of several harmless American snakes of the genus Eut\'91nia, of several species (esp. E. saurita and E. sirtalis); one of the striped snakes; -- so called from its conspicuous stripes of color.

Garter

Gar"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gartered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gartering.]

1. To bind with a garter.

He . . . could not see to garter his hose. Shak.

2. To invest with the Order of the Garter. T. Warton.

Garth

Garth (?), n. [Icel. gar yard. See Yard.]

1. A close; a yard; a croft; a garden; as, a cloister garth.

A clapper clapping in a garth To scare the fowl from fruit. Tennyson.

2. A dam or weir for catching fish.

Garth

Garth, n. [Girth.] A hoop or band. [Prov. Eng.]

Garum

Ga"rum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. A sauce made of small fish. It was prized by the ancients.

Garvie

Gar"vie (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The spart; -- called also garvie herring, and garvock. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Gas

Gas (?), n.; pl. Gases (#). [Invented by the chemist Van Helmont of Brussels, who died in 1644.]

1. An a\'89riform fluid; -- a term used at first by chemists as synonymous with air, but since restricted to fluids supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen, etc., in distinction from vapors, as steam, which become liquid on a reduction of temperature. In present usage, since all of the supposed permanent gases have been liquified by cold and pressure, the term has resumed nearly its original signification, and is applied to any substance in the elastic or a\'89riform state.

2. (Popular Usage) (a) A complex mixture of gases, of which the most important constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen, artificially produced by the destructive distillation of gas coal, or sometimes of peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a brilliant light when burned, and is the common gas used for illuminating purposes. (b) Laughing gas. (c) Any irrespirable a\'89riform fluid. <-- 3. gasoline. --> &hand; Gas is often used adjectively or in combination; as, gas fitter or gasfitter; gas meter or gas-meter, etc. Air gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing air through some volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter petroleums. The air is so saturated with combustible vapor as to be a convenient illuminating and heating agent. -- Gas battery (Elec.), a form of voltaic battery, in which gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active agents. -- Gas carbon, Gas coke, etc. See under Carbon, Coke, etc. -- Gas coal, a bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high percentage of volatile matters, and therefore available for the manufacture of illuminating gas. R. W. Raymond. -- Gas engine, an engine in which the motion of the piston is produced by the combustion or sudden production or expansion of gas; -- especially, an engine in which an explosive mixture of gas and air is forced into the working cylinder and ignited there by a gas flame or an electric spark.<-- = internal combustion engine --> -- Gas fitter, one who lays pipes and puts up fixtures for gas. -- Gas fitting. (a) The occupation of a gas fitter. (b) pl. The appliances needed for the introduction of gas into a building, as meters, pipes, burners, etc. -- Gas fixture, a device for conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to the gas-burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or drawn metal, with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are adjusted. -- Gas generator, an apparatus in which gas is evolved; as: (a) a retort in which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat; (b) a machine in which air is saturated with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbon; a carburetor; (c) a machine for the production of carbonic acid gas, for a\'89rating water, bread, etc. Knight. -- Gas jet, a flame of illuminating gas. -- Gas machine, an apparatus for carbureting air for use as illuminating gas. -- Gas meter, an instrument for recording the quantity of gas consumed in a given time, at a particular place. -- Gas retort, a retort which contains the coal and other materials, and in which the gas is generated, in the manufacture of gas. -- Gas stove, a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by gas. -- Gas tar, coal tar. -- Gas trap, a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th Trap, 5. -- Gas washer (Gas Works), an apparatus within which gas from the condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream of water, to precipitate the tar remaining in it. Knight. -- Gas water, water through which gas has been passed for purification; -- called also gas liquor and ammoniacal water, and used for the manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, and Prussian blue. Tomlinson. -- Gas well, a deep boring, from which natural gas is discharged. Raymond. -- Gas works, a manufactory of gas, with all the machinery and appurtenances; a place where gas is generated for lighting cities. -- Laughing gas. See under Laughing. -- Marsh gas (Chem.), a light, combustible, gaseous hydrocarbon, CH4, produced artificially by the dry distillation of many organic substances, and occurring as a natural product of decomposition in stagnant pools, whence its name. It is an abundant ingredient of ordinary illuminating gas, and is the first member of the paraffin series. Called also methane, and in coal mines, fire damp. -- Natural gas, gas obtained from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is chiefly derived from the Coal Measures. -- Olefiant gas (Chem.). See Ethylene. -- Water gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing steam over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which is charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline.<-- = synthesis gas -->


Page 614

Gasalier

Gas`a*lier" (?), n. [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.] A chandelier arranged to burn gas.

Gas-burner

Gas"-burn`er (?), n. The jet piece of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it escapes from one or more minute orifices.

Gascoines

Gas"coines (?), n. pl. See Gaskins, 1. Lyly.

Gascon

Gas"con (?; F. ?), a. [F.] Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or to the Gascons; also, braggart; swaggering. -- n. A native of Gascony; a boaster; a bully. See Gasconade.

Gasconade

Gas`con*ade" (?), n. [F. gasconnade, from Gascon an inhabitant of Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.] A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging; braggodocio. Swift.

Gasconade

Gas`con*ade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasconaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gasconading.] To boast; to brag; to bluster.

Gasconader

Gas`con*ad"er (?), n. A great boaster; a blusterer.

Gascoynes

Gas"coynes (?), n. pl. Gaskins. Beau & Fl.

Gaseity

Gas*e"i*ty (? ∨ ?), n. State of being gaseous. [R] Eng. Cyc.

Gaseous

Gas"e*ous (? ∨ ?; 277), a. [From Gas. Cf. F. gazeux.]

1. In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an a\'89riform fluid.

2. Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous. "Unconnected, gaseous information." Sir J. Stephen.

Gash

Gash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gashing.] [For older garth or garse, OF. garser to scarify, F. gercer to chap, perh. from an assumed LL. carptiare, fr. L. carpere, carptum, to pluck, separate into parts; cf. LL. carptare to wound. Cf. Carpet.] To make a gash, or long, deep incision in; -- applied chiefly to incisions in flesh.
Grievously gashed or gored to death. Hayward.

Gash

Gash, n. A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and depth, particularly in flesh.

Gashful

Gash"ful (?), a. Full of gashes; hideous; frightful. [Obs.] "A gashful, horrid, ugly shape." Gayton.

Gasification

Gas`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Gasify.] The act or process of converting into gas.

Gasiform

Gas"i*form, a. Having a form of gas; gaseous.

Gasify

Gas"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gasified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gasifying.] [Gas + -fy.] To convert into gas, or an a\'89riform fluid, as by the application of heat, or by chemical processes.

Gasify

Gas"i*fy (?), v. i. To become gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous state. Scientific American.

Gasket

Gas"ket (?), n. [Cf. F. garcette, It. gaschetta, Sp. cajeta caburn, garceta reef point.]

1. (Naut.) A line or band used to lash a furled sail securely. Sea gaskets are common lines; harbor gaskets are plaited and decorated lines or bands. Called also casket.

2. (Mech.) (a) The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the steam engine and its pumps. (b) Any ring or washer of packing.

Gaskins

Gas"kins (?), n.pl. [Cf. Galligaskins.]

1. Loose hose or breeches; galligaskins. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Packing of hemp. Simmonds.

3. A horse's thighs. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Gaslight

Gas"light` (?), n.

1. The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas.

2. A gas jet or burner.

Gasogen

Gas"o*gen (?), n. [Gas + -gen.]

1. An apparatus for the generation of gases, or for impregnating a liquid with a gas, or a gas with a volatile liquid.

2. A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant, or for charging illuminating gas.

Gasolene

Gas`o*lene (?), n. See Gasoline.

Gasolier

Gas`o*lier" (?), n. Same as Gasalier.

Gasoline

Gas"o*line (? ∨ ?; 104), n. A highly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum, as also by the distillation of bituminous coal. It is used in making air gas, and in giving illuminating power to water gas. See Carburetor.<-- used as a fuel for most automobiles and for other vehicles with a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine -->

Gasometer

Gas*om"e*ter (? ∨ ?), n. [Gas + -meter. Cf. F. gazom\'8atre.] An apparatus for holding and measuring of gas; in gas works, a huge iron cylinder closed at one end and having the other end immersed in water, in which it is made to rise or fall, according to the volume of gas it contains, or the pressure required.

Gasometric ∨, Gasometrical

Gas`o*met"ric (? ∨ ?), Gas`o*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the measurement of gases; as, gasometric analysis.

Gasometry

Gas*om"e*try (? ∨ ?), n. The art or practice of measuring gases; also, the science which treats of the nature and properties of these elastic fluids. Coxe.

Gasoscope

Gas"o*scope (?), n. [Gas + -scope.] An apparatus for detecting the presence of any dangerous gas, from a gas leak in a coal mine or a dwelling house.

Gasp

Gasp (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gasping.] [OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp, Icel. geispa to yawn; akin to Sw. g\'84spa, Dan. gispe to gasp.]

1. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant violently.

She gasps and struggles hard for life. Lloyd.

2. To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire.

Quenching the gasping furrows' thirst with rain. Spenser.

Gasp

Gasp, v. t. To emit or utter with gasps; -- with forth, out, away, etc.
And with short sobs he gasps away his breath. Dryden.

Gasp

Gasp, n. The act of opening the mouth convulsively to catch the breath; a labored respiration; a painful catching of the breath. At the last gasp, at the point of death. Addison.

Gaspereau

Gas"per*eau (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The alewife. [Local, Canada]

Gasserian

Gas*se"ri*an (?), a. Relating to Casserio (L. Gasserius), the discover of the Gasserian ganglion. Gasserian ganglion (Anat.), a large ganglion, at the root of the trigeminal, or fifth cranial, nerve.

Gassing

Gas"sing (?), n.

1. (Manuf.) The process of passing cotton goods between two rollers and exposing them to numerous minute jets of gas to burn off the small fibers; any similar process of singeing.

2. Boasting; insincere or empty talk. [Slang]

Gassy

Gas"sy (?), a. Full of gas; like gas. Hence: [Colloq.] Inflated; full of boastful or insincere talk.

Gast

Gast (?), v. t. [OE. gasten, g to frighten, akin to Goth. usgaisjan. See Aghast, Ghastly, and cf. Gaze.] To make aghast; to frighten; to terrify. See Aghast. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak.

Gaster

Gast"er (?), v. t. To gast. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Gasteromycetes

Gas`te*ro*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) An order of fungi, in which the spores are borne inside a sac called the peridium, as in the puffballs.

Gasteropod

Gas"ter*o*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gastropod.

Gasteropoda

Gas`te*rop`o*da (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gastropoda.

Gasteropodous

Gas`ter*op"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gastropodous.

Gastful, Gastly

Gast"ful, Gast"ly (
, a. [Obs.] See Ghastful, Ghastly.

Gastight

Gas"tight` (?), a. So tightly fitted as to preclude the escape of gas; impervious to gas.

Gastness

Gast"ness (?), n. See Ghastness. [Obs.]

Gastornis

Gas*tor"nis (?), n. [NL., from Gaston M. Plante, the discover + Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of large eocene birds from the Paris basin.

Gastr\'91a

Gas*tr\'91"a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Biol.) A primeval larval form; a double-walled sac from which, according to the hypothesis of Haeckel, man and all other animals, that in the first stages of their individual evolution pass through a two-layered structural stage, or gastrula form, must have descended. This idea constitutes the Gastr\'91a theory of Haeckel. See Gastrula.

Gastralgia

Gas*tral"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Pain in the stomach or epigastrium, as in gastric disorders.

Gastric

Gas"tric (?), a. [Gr. gastrique.] Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the stomach; as, the gastric artery. Gastric digestion (Physiol.), the conversion of the albuminous portion of food in the stomach into soluble and diffusible products by the solvent action of gastric juice. -- Gastric fever (Med.), a fever attended with prominent gastric symptoms; -- a name applied to certain forms of typhoid fever; also, to catarrhal inflammation of the stomach attended with fever. -- Gastric juice (Physiol.), a thin, watery fluid, with an acid reaction, secreted by a peculiar set of glands contained in the mucous membrane of the stomach. It consists mainly of dilute hydrochloric acid and the ferment pepsin. It is the most important digestive fluid in the body, but acts only on proteid foods. -- Gastric remittent fever (Med.), a form of remittent fever with pronounced stomach symptoms.

Gastriloquist

Gas*tril"o*quist (?), n. [Gr. gasth`r, gastro`s, stomach + L. loqui to speak.] One who appears to speak from his stomach; a ventriloquist.

Gastriloquous

Gas*tril"o*quous (?), a. Ventriloquous. [R.]

Gastriloquy

Gas*tril"o*quy (?), n. A voice or utterance which appears to proceed from the stomach; ventriloquy.

Gastritis

Gas*tri"tis (?), n. [NL., from. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the stomach, esp. of its mucuos membrane.

Gastro-

Gas"tro- (?). A combining form from the Gr. gastro
colic, gastrocele, gastrotomy.

Gastrocnemius

Gas`troc*ne"mi*us (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Anat.) The muscle which makes the greater part of the calf of the leg.

Gastrocolic

Gas`tro*col"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + colic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both the stomach and the colon; as, the gastrocolic, or great, omentum.

Gastrodisc

Gas`tro*disc (?), n. [Gastro- + disc.] (Biol.) That part of blastoderm where the hypoblast appears like a small disk on the inner face of the epibladst.

Gastroduodenal

Gas`tro*du"o*de"nal (?), a. [Gastro- + -duodenal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the stomach and duodenum; as, the gastroduodenal artery.

Gastroduodenitis

Gas`tro*du`o*de*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Gastroduodenal, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. It is one of the most frequent causes of jaundice.

Gastroelytrotomy

Gas`tro*el`y*trot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr (Surg.) The operation of cutting into the upper part of the vagina, through the abdomen (without opening the peritoneum), for the purpose of removing a fetus. It is a substitute for the C\'91sarean operation, and less dangerous.

Gastroenteric

Gas`tro*en*te"ric (?), a. [Gastro- + -enteric.] (Anat. & Med.) Gastrointestinal.

Gastroenteritis

Gas`tro*en`te*ri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Gastroenrteric, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the intestines.

Gastroepiploic

Gas`tro*ep`i*plo"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + -epiploic.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the stomach and omentum.

Gastrohepatic

Gas`tro*he*pat"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + -hepatic.] (Med.) Pertaining to the stomach and liver; hepatogastric; as, the gastrohepatic, or lesser, omentum.

Gastrohysterotomy

Gas`tro*hys`ter*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro- + GR. to cut.] (Surg.) C\'91sarean section. See under C\'91sarean.

Gastrointestinal

Gas`tro*in*tes"ti*nal (?), a. [Gastro- + -intestinal.] (Anat. & Med.) Of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines; gastroenteric.

Gastrolith

Gas`tro*lith (?), n. [Gastro- + -lith.] (Zo\'94l.) See Crab's eyes, under Crab.

Gastrology

Gas*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr gastrologie.] The science which treats of the structure and functions of the stomach; a treatise of the stomach.

Gastromalacia

Gas`tro*ma*la"ci*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A softening of the coats of the stomach; -- usually a post-morten change.

Gastromancy

Gas`tro*man"cy (?), n. [Gastro- + -mancy: cf. F. gastromancy.] (Antiq.) (a) A kind of divination, by means of words seemingly uttered from the stomach. (b) A species of divination, by means of glasses or other round, transparent vessels, in the center of which figures are supposed to appear by magic art.

Gastromyces

Gas`tro*my"ces (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) The fungoid growths sometimes found in the stomach; such as Torula, etc.

Gastromyth

Gas"tro*myth (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. One whose voice appears to proceed from the stomach; a ventriloquist. [Obs.]

Gastronome, Gastronomer

Gas"tro*nome (?), Gas*tron"o*mer (?), n. [F. gastronome, fr. Gr. One fond of good living; an epicure. Sir W. Scott.

Gastronomic, Gastronomical

Gas`tro*nom"ic (?), Gas`tro*nom"ic*al (
, a. [Cf. F. gastronomique.] Pertaining to gastromony.

Gastronomist

Gas*tron"o*mist (?), n. A gastromomer.

Gastronomy

Gas*tron"o*my (?), n. [Gr. gastronomie.] The art or science of good eating; epicurism; the art of good cheer.

Gastrophrenic

Gas`tro*phren"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + -phrenic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the stomach and diaphragm; as, the gastrophrenic ligament.

Gastropneumatic

Gas`tro*pneu*mat"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + pneumatic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the alimentary canal and air passages, and to the cavities connected with them; as, the gastropneumatic mucuos membranes.

Gastropod

Gas"tro*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Gastropoda. [Written also gasteropod.]

Gastropoda

Gas*trop"o*da (?), n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body. The head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See Mollusca. [Written also Gasteropoda.] &hand; The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses; viz.: (a) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. (b) The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. (c) The Amphineura, including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora.

Gastropodous

Gas*trop"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Gastropoda.

Gastroraphy

Gas*tror"a*phy (?), n. [Gr.gastrorrhaphie.] (Surg.) The operation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen. Quincy.

Gastroscope

Gas"tro*scope (?), n. [Gastro- + -scope.] (Med.) An instrument for viewing or examining the interior of the stomach.

Gastroscopic

Gas`tro*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to gastroscopy.

Gastroscopy

Gas*tros"co*py (?), n. (Med.) Examination of the abdomen or stomach, as with the gastroscope.

Gastrosplenic

Gas`tro*splen"ic (?), n. [Gastro- + splenic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the stomach and spleen; as, the gastrosplenic ligament.

Gastrostege

Gas*tros"tege (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the large scales on the belly of a serpent.

Gastrostomy

Gas*tros"to*my (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. (Surg.) The operation of making a permanent opening into the stomach, for the introduction of food.

Gastrotomy

Gas*trot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro + Gr. gastrotomie.] (Surg.) A cutting into, or opening of, the abdomen or the stomach.

Gastrotricha

Gas*trot"ri*cha (?), n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of small wormlike animals, having cilia on the ventral side. The group is regarded as an ancestral or synthetic one, related to rotifers and annelids.

Gastrotrocha

Gas*trot"ro*cha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A form of annelid larva having cilia on the ventral side.

Gastrovascular

Gas`tro*vas"cu*lar (?), a. [Gastro- + -vascular.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the structure, or performing the functions, both of digestive and circulatory organs; as, the gastrovascular cavity of c&oe;lenterates.

Gastrula

Gas"tru*la (?), n.; pl. Gastrul\'91 (#) [NL., dim. fr. Gr. (Biol.) An embryonic form having its origin in the invagination or pushing in of the wall of the planula or blastula (the blastosphere) on one side, thus giving rise to a double-walled sac, with one opening or mouth (the blastopore) which leads into the cavity (the archenteron) lined by the inner wall (the hypoblast). See Illust. under Invagination. In a more general sense, an ideal stage in embryonic development. See Gastr\'91a. -- a. Of or pertaining to a gastrula.
Page 615

Gastrulation

Gas`tru*la"tion (?), n. (Biol.) The process of invagination, in embryonic development, by which a gastrula is formed.

Gastrura

Gas*tru"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Stomatopoda.

Gastrurous

Gas*tru"rous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Gastrura.

Gat

Gat (?), imp. of Get. [Obs.]

Gate

Gate (?), n. [OE. et, , giat, gate, door, AS. geat, gat, gate, door; akin to OS., D., & Icel. gat opening, hole, and perh. to E. gate a way, gait, and get, v. Cf. Gate a way in the wall, 3d Get.]

1. A large door or passageway in the wall of a city, of an inclosed field or place, or of a grand edifice, etc.; also, the movable structure of timber, metal, etc., by which the passage can be closed.

2. An opening for passage in any inclosing wall, fence, or barrier; or the suspended framework which closes or opens a passage. Also, figuratively, a means or way of entrance or of exit.

Knowest thou the way to Dover? Both stile and gate, horse way and footpath. Shak.
Opening a gate for a long war. Knolles.

3. A door, valve, or other device, for stopping the passage of water through a dam, lock, pipe, etc.

4. (Script.) The places which command the entrances or access; hence, place of vantage; power; might.

The gates of hell shall not prevail against it. Matt. xvi. 18.

5. In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of the bolt to pass through or into.

6. (Founding) (a) The channel or opening through which metal is poured into the mold; the ingate. (b) The waste piece of metal cast in the opening; a sprue or sullage piece. [Written also geat and git.] Gate chamber, a recess in the side wall of a canal lock, which receives the opened gate. -- Gate channel. See Gate, 5. -- Gate hook, the hook-formed piece of a gate hinge. -- Gate money, entrance money for admission to an inclosure. -- Gate tender, one in charge of a gate, as at a railroad crossing. -- Gate valva, a stop valve for a pipe, having a sliding gate which affords a straight passageway when open. -- Gate vein (Anat.), the portal vein. -- To break gates (Eng. Univ.), to enter a college inclosure after the hour to which a student has been restricted. -- To stand in the gate, ∨ gates, to occupy places or advantage, power, or defense.

Gate

Gate, v. t.

1. To supply with a gate.

2. (Eng. Univ.) To punish by requiring to be within the gates at an earlier hour than usual.

Gate

Gate, n. [Icel. gata; akin to SW. gata street, lane, Dan. gade, Goth. gatw\'94, G. gasse. Cf. Gate a door, Gait.]

1. A way; a path; a road; a street (as in Highgate). [O. Eng. & Scot.]

I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has this very day flung first a lawyer, and then a woman, in my gate. Sir W. Scott.

2. Manner; gait. [O. Eng. & Scot.]

Gated

Gat"ed (?), a. Having gates. Young.

Gatehouse

Gate"house` (?), n. A house connected or associated with a gate.

Gateless

Gate"less, a. Having no gate.

Gateman

Gate"man (?), n. A gate keeper; a gate tender.

Gatepost

Gate"post` (?), n.

1. A post to which a gate is hung; -- called also swinging ∨ hinging post.

2. A post against which a gate closes; -- called also shutting post.

Gateway

Gate"way` (?), n. A passage through a fence or wall; a gate; also, a frame, arch, etc., in which a gate in hung, or a structure at an entrance or gate designed for ornament or defense.

Gatewise

Gate"wise` (?), adv. In the manner of a gate.
Three circles of stones set up gatewise. Fuller.

Gather

Gath"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gathered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gathering.] [OE. gaderen, AS. gaderian, gadrian, fr. gador, geador, together, fr. g\'91d fellowship; akin to E. good, D. gaderen to collect, G. gatte husband, MHG. gate, also companion, Goth. gadiliggs a sister's son. &root;29. See Good, and cf. Together.]

1. To bring together; to collect, as a number of separate things, into one place, or into one aggregate body; to assemble; to muster; to congregate.

And Belgium's capital had gathered them Her beauty and her chivalry. Byron.
When he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together. Matt. ii. 4.

2. To pick out and bring together from among what is of less value; to collect, as a harvest; to harvest; to cull; to pick off; to pluck.

A rose just gathered from the stalk. Dryden.
Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles? Matt. vii. 16.
Gather us from among the heathen. Ps. cvi. 47.

3. To accumulate by collecting and saving little by little; to amass; to gain; to heap up.

He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity the poor. Prov. xxviii. 8.
To pay the creditor . . . he must gather up money by degrees. Locke.

4. To bring closely together the parts or particles of; to contract; to compress; to bring together in folds or plaits, as a garment; also, to draw together, as a piece of cloth by a thread; to pucker; to plait; as, to gather a ruffle.

Gathering his flowing robe, he seemed to stand In act to speak, and graceful stretched his hand. Pope.

5. To derive, or deduce, as an inference; to collect, as a conclusion, from circumstances that suggest, or arguments that prove; to infer; to conclude.

6. To gain; to win. [Obs.]

He gathers ground upon her in the chase. Dryden.

7. (Arch.) To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue, or the like.

8. (Naut.) To haul in; to take up; as, to gather the slack of a rope. To be gathered to one's people, ∨ to one's fathers to die. Gen. xxv. 8. -- To gather breath, to recover normal breathing after being out of breath; to get breath; to rest. Spenser. -- To gather one's self together, to collect and dispose one's powers for a great effort, as a beast crouches preparatory to a leap. -- To gather way (Naut.), to begin to move; to move with increasing speed.

Gather

Gath"er (?), v. i.

1. To come together; to collect; to unite; to become assembled; to congregate.

When small humors gather to a gout. Pope.
Tears from the depth of some divine despair Rise in the heart, and gather to the eyes. Tennyson.

2. To grow larger by accretion; to increase.

Their snowball did not gather as it went. Bacon.

3. To concentrate; to come to a head, as a sore, and generate pus; as, a boil has gathered.

4. To collect or bring things together.

Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have not strewed. Matt. xxv. 26.

Gather

Gath"er, n.

1. A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing a thread through it; a pucker.

2. (Carriage Making) The inclination forward of the axle journals to keep the wheels from working outward.

3. (Arch.) The soffit or under surface of the masonry required in gathering. See Gather, v. t., 7.

Gatherable

Gath"er*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gathered or collected; deducible from premises. [R.] Godwin.

Gatherer

Gath"er*er (?), n.

1. One who gathers or collects.

2. (Sewing Machine) An attachment for making gathers in the cloth.

Gathering

Gath"er*ing, n.

1. The act of collecting or bringing together.

2. That which is gathered, collected, or brought together; as: (a) A crowd; an assembly; a congregation. (b) A charitable contribution; a collection. (c) A tumor or boil suppurated or maturated; an abscess.

Gathering

Gath"er*ing, a. Assembling; collecting; used for gathering or concentrating. Gathering board (Bookbinding), a table or board on which signatures are gathered or assembled, to form a book. Knight. -- Gathering coal, a lighted coal left smothered in embers over night, about which kindling wood is gathered in the morning. -- Gathering hoop, a hoop used by coopers to draw together the ends of barrel staves, to allow the hoops to be slipped over them. -- Gathering peat. (a) A piece of peat used as a gathering coal, to preserve a fire. (b) In Scotland, a fiery peat which was sent round by the Borderers as an alarm signal, as the fiery cross was by the Highlanders.

Gatling gun

Gat"ling gun` (. [From the inventor, R.J. Gatling.] An American machine gun, consisting of a cluster of barrels which, being revolved by a crank, are automatically loaded and fired. &hand; The improved Gatling gun can be fired at the rate of 1,200 shots per minute. Farrow.

Gatten tree

Gat"ten tree` (?). [Cf. Prov. E. gatter bush.] (Bot.) A name given to the small trees called guelder-rose (Viburnum Opulus), cornel (Cornus sanguinea), and spindle tree (Euonymus Europ\'91us).

Gat-toothed

Gat"-toothed` (?), a. [OE. gat goat + tooth. See Goat the animal.] Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth; lustful; wanton. [Obs.]

Gauche

Gauche (?), n. [F.]

1. Left handed; hence, awkward; clumsy.

2. (Geom.) Winding; twisted; warped; -- applied to curves and surfaces.

Gaucherie

Gauche`rie" (?), n. [F.] An awkward action; clumsiness; boorishness.

Gaucho

Gau"cho (?), n., pl. Gauchos ( [Sp.] On of the native inhabitants of the pampas, of Spanish-American descent. They live mostly by rearing cattle.

Gaud

Gaud (?), n. [OE. gaude jest, trick, gaudi bead of a rosary, fr. L. gaudium joy, gladness. See Joy.]

1. Trick; jest; sport. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Deceit; fraud; artifice; device. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. An ornament; a piece of worthless finery; a trinket. "An idle gaud." Shak.

Gaud

Gaud, v. i. [Cf. F. se gaudir to rejoice, fr. L. gaudere. See Gaud, n.] To sport or keep festival. [Obs.] "Gauding with his familiars. " [Obs.] Sir T. North.

Gaud

Gaud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gauding.] To bedeck gaudily; to decorate with gauds or showy trinkets or colors; to paint. [Obs.] "Nicely gauded cheeks." Shak.

Gaud-day

Gaud"-day` (?), n. See Gaudy, a feast.

Gaudery

Gaud"er*y (?), n. Finery; ornaments; ostentatious display. [R.] "Tarnished gaudery." Dryden.

Gaudful

Gaud"ful (?), a. Joyful; showy. [Obs.]

Gaudily

Gaud"i*ly (?), adv. In a gaudy manner. Guthrie.

Gaudiness

Gaud"i*ness, n. The quality of being gaudy. Whitlock.

Gaudish

Gaud"ish, a. Gaudy. "Gaudish ceremonies." Bale.

Gaudless

Gaud"less, a. Destitute of ornament. [R.]

Gaudy

Gaud"y (?), a. [Compar. Gaudier (?); superl. Gauidiest.]

1. Ostentatiously fine; showy; gay, but tawdry or meretricious.

Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, But not expressed in fancy; rich, not gaudy. Shak.

2. Gay; merry; festal. Tennyson.

Let's have one other gaudy night. Shak.

Gaudy

Gaud"y, n.; pl. Gaudies (#) [See Gaud, n.] One of the large beads in the rosary at which the paternoster is recited. [Obs.] Gower.

Gaudy

Gaud"y, n. A feast or festival; -- called also gaud-day and gaudy day. [Oxford Univ.] Conybeare.

Gaudygreen

Gaud"y*green` (?), a. ∨ n. [OE. gaude grene.] Light green. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Gauffer

Gauf"fer (?), v. t. [F. gaufrer to figure cloth, velvet, and other stuffs, fr. gaufre honeycomb, waffle; of German origin. See Waffle, Wafer, and cf. Goffer, Gopher an animal.] To plait, crimp, or flute; to goffer, as lace. See Goffer.

Gauffering

Gauf"fer*ing (?), n. A mode of plaiting or fluting. Gauffering iron, a kind of fluting iron for fabrics. -- Gauffering press (Flower Manuf.), a press for crimping the leaves and petals into shape.

Gauffre

Gauf"fre (?), n. [See Gopher.] (Zo\'94l.) A gopher, esp. the pocket gopher.

Gauge

Gauge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gauging (?)] [OF. gaugier, F. jauger, cf. OF. gauge gauge, measuring rod, F. jauge; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an assumed L. qualificare to determine the qualities of a thing (see Qualify); but cf. also F. jalon a measuring stake in surveying, and E. gallon.] >[Written also gage.]

1. To measure or determine with a gauge.

2. To measure or to ascertain the contents or the capacity of, as of a pipe, barrel, or keg.

3. (Mech.) To measure the dimensions of, or to test the accuracy of the form of, as of a part of a gunlock.

The vanes nicely gauged on each side. Derham.

4. To draw into equidistant gathers by running a thread through it, as cloth or a garment.

5. To measure the capacity, character, or ability of; to estimate; to judge of.

You shall not gauge me By what we do to-night. Shak.

Gauge

Gauge, n. [Written also gage.]

1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard.

This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by. Moxon.
There is not in our hands any fixed gauge of minds. I. Taylor.

2. Measure; dimensions; estimate.

The gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt. Burke.

3. (Mach. & Manuf.) Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the dimensions or forms of things; a templet or template; as, a button maker's gauge.

4. (Physics) Any instrument or apparatus for measuring the state of a phenomenon, or for ascertaining its numerical elements at any moment; -- usually applied to some particular instrument; as, a rain gauge; a steam gauge.

5. (Naut.) (a) Relative positions of two or more vessels with reference to the wind; as, a vessel has the weather gauge of another when on the windward side of it, and the lee gauge when on the lee side of it. (b) The depth to which a vessel sinks in the water. Totten.

6. The distance between the rails of a railway. &hand; The standard gauge of railroads in most countries is four feet, eight and one half inches. Wide, or broad, gauge, in the United States, is six feet; in England, seven feet, and generally any gauge exceeding standard gauge. Any gauge less than standard gauge is now called narrow gauge. It varies from two feet to three feet six inches.

7. (Plastering) The quantity of plaster of Paris used with common plaster to accelerate its setting.

8. (Building) That part of a shingle, slate, or tile, which is exposed to the weather, when laid; also, one course of such shingles, slates, or tiles. Gauge of a carriage, car, etc., the distance between the wheels; -- ordinarily called the track. -- Gauge cock, a stop cock used as a try cock for ascertaining the height of the water level in a steam boiler. -- Gauge concussion (Railroads), the jar caused by a car-wheel flange striking the edge of the rail. -- Gauge glass, a glass tube for a water gauge. -- Gauge lathe, an automatic lathe for turning a round object having an irregular profile, as a baluster or chair round, to a templet or gauge. -- Gauge point, the diameter of a cylinder whose altitude is one inch, and contents equal to that of a unit of a given measure; -- a term used in gauging casks, etc. -- Gauge rod, a graduated rod, for measuring the capacity of barrels, casks, etc. -- Gauge saw, a handsaw, with a gauge to regulate the depth of cut. Knight. -- Gauge stuff, a stiff and compact plaster, used in making cornices, moldings, etc., by means of a templet. -- Gauge wheel, a wheel at the forward end of a plow beam, to determine the depth of the furrow. -- Joiner's gauge, an instrument used to strike a line parallel to the straight side of a board, etc. -- Printer's gauge, an instrument to regulate the length of the page. -- Rain gauge, an instrument for measuring the quantity of rain at any given place. -- Salt gauge, or Brine gauge, an instrument or contrivance for indicating the degree of saltness of water from its specific gravity, as in the boilers of ocean steamers. -- Sea gauge, an instrument for finding the depth of the sea. -- Siphon gauge, a glass siphon tube, partly filled with mercury, -- used to indicate pressure, as of steam, or the degree of rarefaction produced in the receiver of an air pump or other vacuum; a manometer. -- Sliding gauge. (Mach.) (a) A templet or pattern for gauging the commonly accepted dimensions or shape of certain parts in general use, as screws, railway-car axles, etc. (b) A gauge used only for testing other similar gauges, and preserved as a reference, to detect wear of the working gauges. (c) (Railroads) See Note under Gauge, n., 5. -- Star gauge (Ordnance), an instrument for measuring the diameter of the bore of a cannon at any point of its length. -- Steam gauge, an instrument for measuring the pressure of steam, as in a boiler. -- Tide gauge, an instrument for determining the height of the tides. -- Vacuum gauge, a species of barometer for determining the relative elasticities of the vapor in the condenser of a steam engine and the air. -- Water gauge. (a) A contrivance for indicating the height of a water surface, as in a steam boiler; as by a gauge cock or glass. (b) The height of the water in the boiler. -- Wind gauge, an instrument for measuring the force of the wind on any given surface; an anemometer. -- Wire gauge, a gauge for determining the diameter of wire or the thickness of sheet metal; also, a standard of size. See under Wire.


Page 616

Gaugeable

Gauge"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gauged.

Gauged

Gauged (?), p. a. Tested or measured by, or conformed to, a gauge. Gauged brick, brick molded, rubbed, or cut to an exact size and shape, for arches or ornamental work. -- Gauged mortar. See Gauge stuff, under Gauge, n.

Gauger

Gau"ger (?), n. One who gauges; an officer whose business it is to ascertain the contents of casks.

Gauger-ship

Gau"ger-ship, n. The office of a gauger.

Gauging rod

Gau"ging rod`. See Gauge rod, under Gauge, n.

Gaul

Gaul (?), n. [F. Gaule, fr. L. Gallia, fr. Gallus a Gaul.]

1. The Anglicized form of Gallia, which in the time of the Romans included France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul).

2. A native or inhabitant of Gaul.

Gaulish

Gaul"ish (?), a. Pertaining to ancient France, or Gaul; Gallic. [R.]

Gault

Gault (?), n. [Cf. Norw. gald hard ground, Icel. gald hard snow.] (Geol.) A series of beds of clay and marl in the South of England, between the upper and lower greensand of the Cretaceous period.

Gaultheria

Gaul*the"ri*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of ericaceous shrubs with evergreen foliage, and, often, edible berries. It includes the American winter-green (Gaultheria procumbens), and the larger-fruited salal of Northwestern America (Gaultheria Shallon).

Gaunt

Gaunt (?), a. [Cf. Norw. gand a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin man, and W. gwan weak.] Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim. "The gaunt mastiff." Pope.
A mysterious but visible pestilence, striding gaunt and fleshless across our land. Nichols.

Gauntlet

Gaunt"let (?), n. (Mil.) See Gantlet.

Gauntlet

Gaunt"let (?), n. [F. gantelet, dim. of gant glove, LL. wantus, of Teutonic origin; cf. D. want, Sw. & Dan. vante, Icel. v\'94ttr, for vantr.]

1. A glove of such material that it defends the hand from wounds. &hand; The gauntlet of the Middle Ages was sometimes of chain mail, sometimes of leather partly covered with plates, scales, etc., of metal sewed to it, and, in the 14th century, became a glove of small steel plates, carefully articulated and covering the whole hand except the palm and the inside of the fingers.

2. A long glove, covering the wrist.

3. (Naut.) A rope on which hammocks or clothes are hung for drying. To take up the gauntlet, to accept a challenge. -- To throw down the gauntlet, to offer or send a challenge. The gauntlet or glove was thrown down by the knight challenging, and was taken up by the one who accepted the challenge; -- hence the phrases.

Gauntletted

Gaunt"lett*ed, a. Wearing a gauntlet.

Gauntly

Gaunt"ly, adv. In a gaunt manner; meagerly.

Gauntree, Gauntry

Gaun"tree (?), Gaun"try (?), n. [F. chantier, LL. cantarium, fr. L. canterius trellis, sort of frame.]

1. A frame for supporting barrels in a cellar or elsewhere. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Engin.) A scaffolding or frame carrying a crane or other structure. Knight.

Gaur

Gaur (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian species of wild cattle (Bibos gauris), of large size and an untamable disposition. [Spelt also gour.]

Gaure

Gaure (?), v. i. To gaze; to stare. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gauze

Gauze (?), n. [F. gaze; so called because it was first introduced from Gaza, a city of Palestine.] A very thin, slight, transparent stuff, generally of silk; also, any fabric resembling silk gauze; as, wire gauze; cotton gauze. Gauze dresser, one employed in stiffening gauze.

Gauze

Gauze, a. Having the qualities of gauze; thin; light; as, gauze merino underclothing.

Gauziness

Gauz"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being gauzy; flimsiness. Ruskin.

Gauzy

Gauz"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, gauze; thin and slight as gauze.

Gave

Gave (?), imp. of Give.

Gavel

Gav"el (?), n. A gable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Gavel

Gav"el, n. [OF. gavelle, F. javelle, prob. dim. from L. capulus handle, fr. capere to lay hold of, seize; or cf. W. gafael hold, grasp. Cf. Heave.] A small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle. Wright.

Gavel

Gav"el, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]

1. The mallet of the presiding officer in a legislative body, public assembly, court, masonic body, etc.

2. A mason's setting maul. Knight.

Gavel

Gav"el, n. [OF. gavel, AS. gafol, prob. fr. gifan to give. See Give, and cf. Gabel tribute.] (Law) Tribute; toll; custom. [Obs.] See Gabel. Cowell.

Gavelet

Gav"el*et (?), n. [From Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) An ancient special kind of cessavit used in Kent and London for the recovery of rent. [Obs.]

Gavelkind

Gav"el*kind` (?), n. [OE. gavelkynde, gavelkende. See Gavel tribute, and Kind, n.] (O. Eng. Law) A tenure by which land descended from the father to all his sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother, dying without issue, descended equally to his brothers. It still prevails in the county of Kent. Cowell.

Gaveloche

Gav"e*loche (?), n. Same as Gavelock.

Gavelock

Gav"e*lock (?), n. [OE. gaveloc a dart, AS. gafeluc; cf. Icel. gaflok, MHG. gabil, OF. gavelot, glavelot, F. javelot, Ir. gabhla spear, W. gaflach fork, dart, E. glave, gaff]

1. A spear or dart. [R. & Obs.]

2. An iron crow or lever. [Scot. & North of Eng.]

Gaverick

Ga"ver*ick (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European red gurnard (Trigla cuculus). [Prov. Eng.]

Gavi\'91

Ga"vi\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gavia a sea mew.] (Zo\'94l.) The division of birds which includes the gulls and terns.

Gavial

Ga"vi*al (?), n. [Hind. ghariu: cf. F. gavial.] (Zo\'94l.) A large Asiatic crocodilian (Gavialis Gangeticus); -- called also nako, and Gangetic crocodile. &hand; The gavial has a long, slender muzzle, teeth of nearly uniform size, and feet completely webbed. It inhabits the Ganges and other rivers of India. The name is also applied to several allied fossil species.

Gavot

Gav"ot (? ∨ ?; 277), n. [F. gavotte, fr. Gavots, a people inhabiting a mountainous district in France, called Gap.] (Mus.) A kind of difficult dance; a dance tune, the air of which has two brisk and lively, yet dignified, strains in common time, each played twice over. [Written also gavotte.]

Gawby

Gaw"by (?), n. A baby; a dunce. [Prov. Eng.]

Gawk

Gawk (?), n. [OE. gok, gowk, cuckoo, fool, Icel. gaukr cuckoo; akin to OHG. gouh, G. gauch cuckoo, fool, AS. g\'82ac cuckoo, Sw. g\'94k, Dan. gi\'94g]

1. A cuckoo. Johnson.

2. A simpleton; a booby; a gawky. Carlyle.

Gawk

Gawk, v. i. To act like a gawky.

Gawky

Gawk"y (?), a. [Compar. Gawkier (?); superl. Gawkiest.] Foolish and awkward; clumsy; clownish; as, gawky behavior. -- n. A fellow who is awkward from being overgrown, or from stupidity, a gawk.

Gawn

Gawn (?), n. [Corrupted fr. gallon.] A small tub or lading vessel. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.

Gawntree

Gawn"tree (?), n. See Gauntree.

Gay

Gay (?), a. [Compar. Gayer (?); superl. Gayest.] [F. gai, perhaps fr. OHG. g swift, rapid, G. g\'84h, j\'84h, steep, hasty; or cf. OHG. w beatiful, good. Cf. Jay.]

1. Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness or delight; inspiring delight; livery; merry.

Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay. Pope.
Gay hope is theirs by fancy fed. Gray.

2. Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly dressed.

Why is my neighbor's wife so gay? Chaucer.
A bevy of fair women, richly gay In gems and wanton dressMilton.

3. Loose; dissipated; lewd. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Merry; gleeful; blithe; airy; lively; sprightly, sportive; light-hearted; frolicsome; jolly; jovial; joyous; joyful; glad; showy; splendid; vivacious.

Gay

Gay, n. An ornament [Obs.] L'Estrange.

Gayal

Gay"al (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A Southern Asiatic species of wild cattle (Bibos frontalis).

Gaydiang

Gay"di*ang (?), n. (Naut.) A vessel of Anam, with two or three masts, lofty triangular sails, and in construction somewhat resembling a Chinese junk.

Gayety

Gay"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Gayeties (. [Written also gaiety.] [F. gaiet\'82. See Gay, a.]

1. The state of being gay; merriment; mirth; acts or entertainments prompted by, or inspiring, merry delight; -- used often in the plural; as, the gayeties of the season.

2. Finery; show; as, the gayety of dress. Syn. -- Liveliness; mirth; animation; vivacity; glee; blithesomeness; sprightliness; jollity. See Liveliness.

Gaylus-site

Gay"lus-site` (?), n. [Named after Gay-Lussac, the French chemist.] (Min.) A yellowish white, translucent mineral, consisting of the carbonates of lime and soda, with water.

Gayly

Gay"ly (?), adv.

1. With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully.

2. Finely; splendidly; showily; as, ladies gayly dressed; a flower gayly blooming. Pope.

Gayne

Gayne (?), v. i. [See Gain.] To avail. [Obs.]

Gayness

Gay"ness (?), n. Gayety; finery. [R.]

Gaysome

Gay"some (?), a. Full of gayety. Mir. for Mag.

Gaytre

Gay"tre (?), n. [See Gaitre.] The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gaze

Gaze (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gazed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gazing.] [OE. gasen, akin to dial. Sw. gasa, cf. Goth. us-gaisjan to terrify, us-geisnan to be terrified. Cf. Aghast, Ghastly, Ghost, Hesitate.] To fixx the eyes in a steady and earnest look; to look with eagerness or curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment, or with studious attention.
Why stand ye gazing up into heaven? Acts i. 11.
Syn. -- To gape; stare; look. -- To Gaze, Gape, Stare. To gaze is to look with fixed and prolonged attention, awakened by excited interest or elevated emotion; to gape is to look fixedly, with open mouth and feelings of ignorant wonder; to stare is to look with the fixedness of insolence or of idiocy. The lover of nature gazes with delight on the beauties of the landscape; the rustic gapes with wonder at the strange sights of a large city; the idiot stares on those around with a vacant look.

Gaze

Gaze, v. t. To view with attention; to gaze on . [R.]
And gazed a while the ample sky. Milton.

Gaze

Gaze, n.

1. A fixed look; a look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration; a continued look of attention.

With secret gaze Or open admiration him behold. Milton.

2. The object gazed on.

Made of my enemies the scorn and gaze. Milton.
At gaze (a) (Her.) With the face turned directly to the front; -- said of the figures of the stag, hart, buck, or hind, when borne, in this position, upon an escutcheon. (b) In a position expressing sudden fear or surprise; -- a term used in stag hunting to describe the manner of a stag when he first hears the hounds and gazes round in apprehension of some hidden danger; hence, standing agape; idly or stupidly gazing.
I that rather held it better men should perish one by one, Than that earth should stand at gaze like Joshua's moon in Ajalon! Tennyson.

Gazeebo

Ga*zee"bo (?), n. [Humorously formed from gaze.] A summerhouse so situated as to command an extensive prospect. [Colloq.]

Gazeful

Gaze"ful (?), a. Gazing. [R.] Spenser.

Gazehound

Gaze"hound` (?), n. A hound that pursues by the sight rather than by the scent. Sir W. Scott.

Gazel

Ga"zel (?), n. The black currant; also, the wild plum. [Prov. Eng.]

Gazel

Ga*zel" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gazelle.

Gazelle

Ga*zelle" (?), n. [F. gazelle, OF. also, gazel; cf. Sp. gacela, Pr. gazella, It. gazella; all fr. Ar. ghaz a wild goat.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several small, swift, elegantly formed species of antelope, of the genus Gazella, esp. G. dorcas; -- called also algazel, corinne, korin, and kevel. The gazelles are celebrated for the luster and soft expression of their eyes. [Written also gazel.] <-- subtypes --> &hand; The common species of Northern Africa (Gazella dorcas); the Arabian gazelle, or ariel (G. Arabica); the mohr of West Africa (G. mohr); the Indian (G. Bennetti); the ahu or Persian (G. subgutturosa); and the springbok or tsebe (G. euchore) of South Africa, are the best known.

Gazement

Gaze"ment (?), n. View. [Obs.] Spenser.

Gazer

Gaz"er (?), n. One who gazes.

Gazet

Ga*zet (?), n. [It.. gazeta, gazzetta, prob. dim. of L. gaza royal treasure.] A Venetian coin, worth about three English farthings, or one and a half cents. [Obs.]

Gazette

Ga*zette" (?), n. [F. gazette, It. gazzetta, perh. from gazetta a Venetian coin (see Gazet), said to have been the price of the first newspaper published at Venice; or perh. dim. of gazza magpie, a name perh. applied to the first newspaper; cf. OHG. agalstra magpie, G. elster.] A newspaper; a printed sheet published periodically; esp., the official journal published by the British government, and containing legal and state notices.

Gazette

Ga*zette", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gazetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gazetting.] To announce or publish in a gazette; to announce officially, as an appointment, or a case of bankruptcy.

Gazetteer

Gaz`et*teer" (?), n. [Cf. F. gazetier.]

1. A writer of news, or an officer appointed to publish news by authority. Johnson.

2. A newspaper; a gazette. [Obs.] Burke.

3. A geographical dictionary; a book giving the names and descriptions, etc., of many places.

4. An alphabetical descriptive list of anything.

Gazingstock

Gaz"ing*stock` (?), n. A person or thing gazed at with scorn or abhorrence; an object of curiosity or contempt. Bp. Hall.

Gazogene

Gaz"o*gene (?), n. [F. gazog\'8ane; gaz gas + -g\'8ane, E. -gen.] A portable apparatus for making soda water or a\'89rated liquids on a small scale. Knight.

Gazon

Ga*zon" (?), n. [F. gazon turf, fr. OHG. waso, G. wasen.] (Fort.) One of the pieces of sod used to line or cover parapets and the faces of earthworks.

Ge-

Ge- (?). An Anglo-Saxon prefix. See Y-.

Geal

Geal (?), v. i. [F. geler, fr. L. gelare, fr. gelu. See Gelid.] To congeal. [Obs. or Scot.]

Gean

Gean (?), n. [F. guigne the fruit of the gean; cf. OHG. w\'c6hsila, G. weichsel.] (Bot.) A species of cherry tree common in Europe (Prunus avium); also, the fruit, which is usually small and dark in color.

Geanticlinal

Ge`an*ti*cli"nal (?), n. [Gr. anticlinal.] (Geol.) An upward bend or flexure of a considerable portion of the earth's crust, resulting in the formation of a class of mountain elevations called anticlinoria; -- opposed to geosynclinal.

Gear

Gear (?), n. [OE. gere, ger, AS. gearwe clothing, adornment, armor, fr. gearo, gearu, ready, yare; akin to OHG. garaw\'c6, garw\'c6 ornament, dress. See Yare, and cf. Garb dress.]

1. Clothing; garments; ornaments.

Array thyself in thy most gorgeous gear. Spenser.

2. Goods; property; household stuff. Chaucer.

Homely gear and common ware. Robynson (More's Utopia)

3. Whatever is prepared for use or wear; manufactured stuff or material.

Clad in a vesture of unknown gear. Spenser.

4. The harness of horses or cattle; trapping.

5. Warlike accouterments. [Scot.] Jamieson.

6. Manner; custom; behavior. [Obs.] Chaucer.

7. Business matters; affairs; concern. [Obs.]

Thus go they both together to their gear. Spenser.

8. (Mech.) (a) A toothed wheel, or cogwheel; as, a spur gear, or a bevel gear; also, toothed wheels, collectively. (b) An apparatus for performing a special function; gearing; as, the feed gear of a lathe. (c) Engagement of parts with each other; as, in gear; out of gear.

9. pl. (Naut.) See 1st Jeer (b).

10. Anything worthless; stuff; nonsense; rubbish. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wright.

That servant of his that confessed and uttered this gear was an honest man. Latimer.
Bever gear. See Bevel gear. -- Core gear, a mortise gear, or its skeleton. See Mortise wheel, under Mortise. -- Expansion gear (Steam Engine), the arrangement of parts for cutting off steam at a certain part of the stroke, so as to leave it to act upon the piston expansively; the cut-off. See under Expansion. -- Feed gear. See Feed motion, under Feed, n. -- Gear cutter, a machine or tool for forming the teeth of gear wheels by cutting. -- Gear wheel, any cogwheel. -- Running gear. See under Running. -- To throw in, ∨ out of, gear (Mach.), to connect or disconnect (wheelwork or couplings, etc.); to put in, or out of, working relation.
Page 617

Gear

Gear (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gearing.]

1. To dress; to put gear on; to harness.

2. (Mach.) To provide with gearing. Double geared, driven through twofold compound gearing, to increase the force or speed; -- said of a machine.

Gear

Gear, v. i. (Mach.) To be in, or come into, gear.

Gearing

Gear"ing, n.

1. Harness.

2. (Mach.) The parts by which motion imparted to one portion of an engine or machine is transmitted to another, considered collectively; as, the valve gearing of locomotive engine; belt gearing; esp., a train of wheels for transmitting and varying motion in machinery. Frictional gearing. See under Frictional. -- Gearing chain, an endless chain transmitted motion from one sprocket wheel to another. See Illust. of Chain wheel. -- Spur gearing, gearing in which the teeth or cogs are ranged round either the concave or the convex surface (properly the latter) of a cylindrical wheel; -- for transmitting motion between parallel shafts, etc.

Geason

Gea"son (?), a. [OE. gesen, geson, rare, scanty, AS. g barren, wanting. Cf. Geest.] Rare; wonderful. [Obs.] Spenser.

Geat

Geat (?), n. [See Gate a door.] (Founding) The channel or spout through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting. [Written also git, gate.]

Gecarcinian

Ge`car*cin"i*an (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A land crab of the genus Gecarcinus, or of allied genera.

Geck

Geck (?), n. [D. gek fool, fop; akin to G. geck; cf. Icel. gikkr a pert, rude person.]

1. Scorn, derision, or contempt. [Prov. Eng.]

2. An object of scorn; a dupe; a gull. [Obs.]

To become the geck and scorn O'the other's villainy. Shak.

Geck

Geck, v. t. [Cf. OD. ghecken, G. gecken. See Geck, n.]

1. To deride; to scorn; to mock. [Prov. Eng.]

2. To cheat; trick, or gull. [Obs.] Johnson.

Geck

Geck, v. i. To jeer; to show contempt. Sir W. Scott.

Gecko

Geck"o (?), n.; pl. Geckoes (#). [Cf. F. & G. gecko; -- so called from the sound which the animal utters.] (Zo\'94l.) Any lizard of the family Geckonid\'91. The geckoes are small, carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and vertical, elliptical pupils. Their toes are generally expanded, and furnished with adhesive disks, by which they can run over walls and ceilings. They are numerous in warm countries, and a few species are found in Europe and the United States. See Wall gecko, Fanfoot.

Geckotian

Geck*o"tian (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A gecko.

Ged, Gedd

Ged, Gedd
(, n. The European pike.

Gee

Gee (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geeing.]

1. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq. or Prov. Eng.] Forby.

2. [Cf. G. j\'81, interj., used in calling to a horse, It. gi\'95, F. dia, used to turn a horse to the left.] To turn to the off side, or from the driver (i.e., in the United States, to the right side); -- said of cattle, or a team; used most frequently in the imperative, often with off, by drivers of oxen, in directing their teams, and opposed to haw, or hoi. [Written also jee.] &hand; In England, the teamster walks on the right-hand side of the cattle; in the United States, on the left-hand side. In all cases, however, gee means to turn from the driver, and haw to turn toward him. Gee ho, ∨ Gee whoa. Same as Gee.

Gee

Gee, v. t. [See Gee to turn.] To cause (a team) to turn to the off side, or from the driver. [Written also jee.]

Geer, Geering

Geer (?), Geer"ing
. [Obs.] See Gear, Gearing.

Geese

Geese (?), n., pl. of Goose.

Geest

Geest (?), n. [Cf. LG. geest, geestland, sandy, dry and, OFries. g&emac;st, g&amac;st, g&emac;stlond, g&amac;stlond, fr. Fries. g&amac;st barren. Cf. Geason.] Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of recent origin. R. Jameson.

Geet

Geet (?), n. [See Jet.] Jet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Geez

Geez (?), n. The original native name for the ancient Ethiopic language or people. See Ethiopic.

Gehenna

Ge*hen"na (?), n. [L. Gehenna, Gr. G.] (Jewish Hist.) The valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on this account, was afterward regarded as a place of abomination, and made a receptacle for all the refuse of the city, perpetual fires being kept up in order to prevent pestilential effluvia. In the New Testament the name is transferred, by an easy metaphor, to Hell.
The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence And black Gehenna called, the type of Hell. Milton.

Geic

Ge"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, earthy or vegetable mold. Geic acid. (Chem.) See Humin.

Gein

Ge"in (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) See Humin.

Geissler tube

Geis"sler tube` (?). (Elec.) A glass tube provided with platinum electrodes, and containing some gas under very low tension, which becomes luminous when an electrical discharge is passed through it; -- so called from the name of a noted maker in germany. It is called also Pl\'81cker tube, from the German physicist who devised it.

Geitonogamy

Gei"to*nog"a*my (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) Fertilization of flowers by pollen from other flowers on the same plant.

Gelable

Gel"a*ble (?), a. [L. gelare to congeal: cf. F. gelable. See Geal.] Capable of being congealed; capable of being converted into jelly.

Gelada

Gel"a*da (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A baboon (Gelada Ruppelli) of Abyssinia, remarkable for the length of the hair on the neck and shoulders of the adult male.

Gelastic

Ge*las"tic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to laughter; used in laughing. "Gelastic muscles." Sir T. Browne.

Gelatification

Ge*lat"i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Gelatin + L. -ficare. (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Physiol. Chem.) The formation of gelatin.

Gelatigenous

Gel`a*tig"e*nous (?), n. [Gelatin + -genous.] (Physiol. Chem.) Producing, or yielding, gelatin; gelatiniferous; as, the gelatigeneous tissues.

Gelatin, Gelatine

Gel"a*tin, Gel"a*tine (
, n. [F. g\'82latine, fr. L. gelare to congeal. See Geal.] (Chem.) Animal jelly; glutinous material obtained from animal tissues by prolonged boiling. Specifically (Physiol. Chem.), a nitrogeneous colloid, not existing as such in the animal body, but formed by the hydrating action of boiling water on the collagen of various kinds of connective tissue (as tendons, bones, ligaments, etc.). Its distinguishing character is that of dissolving in hot water, and forming a jelly on cooling. It is an important ingredient of calf's-foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as food, but its nutritious qualities are of a low order. &hand; Both spellings, gelatin and gelatine, are in good use, but the tendency of writers on physiological chemistry favors the form in -in, as in the United States Dispensatory, the United States Pharmacop\'d2ia, Fownes' Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's Dictionary. Blasting gelatin, an explosive, containing about ninety-five parts of nitroglycerin and five of collodion. -- Gelatin process, a name applied to a number of processes in the arts, involving the use of gelatin. Especially: (a) (Photog.) A dry-plate process in which gelatin is used as a substitute for collodion as the sensitized material. This is the dry-plate process in general use, and plates of extreme sensitiveness are produced by it. (b) (Print.) A method of producing photographic copies of drawings, engravings, printed pages, etc., and also of photographic pictures, which can be printed from in a press with ink, or (in some applications of the process) which can be used as the molds of stereotype or electrotype plates. (c) (Print. or Copying) A method of producing facsimile copies of an original, written or drawn in aniline ink upon paper, thence transferred to a cake of gelatin softened with glycerin, from which impressions are taken upon ordinary paper. -- Vegetable gelatin. See Gliadin.

Gelatinate

Ge*lat"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelatinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gelatinating.] To convert into gelatin, or into a substance resembling jelly.

Gelatinate

Ge*lat"i*nate, v. i. To be converted into gelatin, or into a substance like jelly.
Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but gelatinates with the mineral acids. Kirwan.

Gelatination

Ge*lat`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of process of converting into gelatin, or a substance like jelly.

Gelatine

Gel"a*tine (?), n. Same as Gelatin.

Gelatiniferous

Gel`a*tin*if"er*ous (?), a. [Gelatin + -ferous.] (Physiol. Chem.) Yielding gelatin on boiling with water; capable of gelatination.

Gelatiniform

Gel`a*tin"i*form (?), a. Having the form of gelatin.

Gelatinization

Ge*lat`i*ni*za"tion (?), n. Same as Gelatination.

Gelatinize

Ge*lat"i*nize (?), v. t.

1. To convert into gelatin or jelly. Same as Gelatinate, v. t.

2. (Photog.) To coat, or otherwise treat, with gelatin.

Gelatinize

Ge*lat"i*nize (?), v. i. Same as Gelatinate, v. i.

Gelatinous

Ge*lat"i*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82latineux.] Of the nature and consistence of gelatin or the jelly; resembling jelly; viscous.

Gelation

Ge*la"tion (?), n. [L. gelatio a freezing, fr. gelare to freeze.] (Astron.) The process of becoming solid by cooling; a cooling and solidifying.

Geld

Geld (?), n. [AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, payment, fr. gieldan to pay, render. See Yield.] Money; tribute; compensation; ransom.[Obs.] &hand; This word occurs in old law books in composition, as in danegeld, or danegelt, a tax imposed by the Danes; weregeld, compensation for the life of a man, etc.

Geld

Geld (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelded or Gelt (p. pr. & vb. n.
Gelding.] [Icel. gelda to castrate; akin to Dan. gilde, Sw. g\'84lla, and cf. AS. gilte a young sow, OHG. galt dry, not giving milk, G. gelt, Goth. gilpa siclke.]

1. To castrate; to emasculate.

2. To deprive of anything essential.

Bereft and gelded of his patrimony. Shak.

3. To deprive of anything exceptionable; as, to geld a book, or a story; to expurgate. [Obs.] Dryden.

Geldable

Geld"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gelded.

Geldable

Geld"a*ble, a. [From Geld money.] Liable to taxation. [Obs.] Burrill.

Gelder

Geld"er (?), n. One who gelds or castrates.

Gelder-rose

Gel"der-rose (?), n. Same as Guelder-rose.

Gelding

Geld"ing (?), n. [Icel. gelding a gelding, akin to geldingr wether, eunuch, Sw. g\'84lling gelding, Dan. gilding eunuch. See Geld, v. t.] A castrated animal; -- usually applied to a horse, but formerly used also of the human male.
They went down both into the water, Philip and the gelding, and Philip baptized him. Wyclif (Acts viii. 38).

Gelding

Geld"ing, p. pr. a. & vb. n.. from Geld, v. t.

Gelid

Gel"id (?), a. [L. gelidus, fr. gelun frost, cold. See Cold, and cf. Congeal, Gelatin, Jelly.] Cold; very cold; frozen. "Gelid founts." Thompson.

Gelidity

Ge*lid"i*ty (?), n. The state of being gelid.

Gelidly

Gel"id*ly (?), adv. In a gelid manner; coldly.

Gelidness

Gel"id*ness, n. The state of being gelid; gelidity.

Gelly

Gel"ly (?), n. Jelly. [Obs.] Spenser.

Geloscopy

Ge*los"copy (?), n. [Gr. -scopy.] Divination by means of laughter.

Gelose

Ge*lose" (?), n. [See Gelatin.] (Chem.) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate, found in Gelidium, agar-agar, and other seaweeds.

Gelsemic

Gel*se"mic (?), a. Gelseminic.

Gelsemine

Gel"se*mine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens), as a bitter white semicrystalline substance; -- called also gelsemia.

Gelseminic

Gel`se*min"ic (?), n. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens); as, gelseminic acid, a white crystalline substance resembling esculin.

Gelsemium

Gel*se"mium (?), n. [NL., fr. It. gelsomino jasmine.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of climbing plants. The yellow (false) jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens) is a native of the Southern United States. It has showy and deliciously fragrant flowers.

2. (Med.) The root of the yellow jasmine, used in malarial fevers, etc.

Gelt

Gelt (?), n. [See 1st Geld.] Trubute, tax. [Obs.]
All these the king granted unto them . . . free from all gelts and payments, in a most full and ample manner. Fuller.

Gelt

Gelt, n. [See Gelt, v. t.] A gelding. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Gelt

Gelt, n. Gilding; tinsel. [Obs.] Spenser.

Gem

Gem (?), n. [OE. gemme precious stone, F. gemme, fr. L. gemma a precious stone, bud.]

1. (Bot.) A bud.

From the joints of thy prolific stem A swelling knot is raised called a gem. Denham.

2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz, sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and polished for ornament; a jewel. Milton.

3. Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits, which is regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or value, as a small picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise saying. Artificial gem, an imitation of a gem, made of glass colored with metallic oxide. Cf. Paste, and Strass.

Gem

Gem v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gemmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gemming]

1. To put forth in the form of buds. "Gemmed their blossoms." [R.] Milton.

2. To adorn with gems or precious stones.

3. To embellish or adorn, as with gems; as, a foliage gemmed with dewdrops.

England is . . . gemmed with castles and palaces. W. Irving.

Gemara

Ge*ma"ra (?), n. [Heb.] (Jewish Law) The second part of the Talmud, or the commentary on the Mishna (which forms the first part or text).

Gemaric

Ge*mar"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the Gemara.

Gemarist

Ge*ma"rist (?), n. One versed in the Gemara, or adhering to its teachings.

Gemel

Gem"el (?), a. [OF. gemel twin, F. jumeau, L. gemellus twin, doubled, dim. of geminus. See Gemini, and cf. Gimmal.] (Her.) Coupled; paired. Bars gemel (Her.), two barrulets placed near and parallel to each other.

Gemel

Gem"el (?), n.

1. One of the twins. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. (Heb.) One of the barrulets placed parallel and closed to each other. Cf. Bars gemel, under Gemel, a.

Two gemels silver between two griffins passant. Strype.
Gemel hinge (Locksmithing), a hinge consisting of an eye or loop and a hook. -- Gemel ring, a ring with two or more links; a gimbal. See Gimbal. -- Gemel window, a window with two bays.

Gemellipa-rous

Gem`el*lip"a-rous (?), a. [L. gemellipara, fem., gemellus twin + parere to bear, produce.] Producing twins. [R.] Bailey.

Geminal

Gem"i*nal (?), a. [L. geminus twin.] A pair. [Obs.] Drayton.

Geminate

Gem"i*nate (?), a. [L. geminatus, p.p. of genimare to double. See Gemini.] (Bot.) In pairs or twains; two together; binate; twin; as, geminate flowers. Gray.

Geminate

Gem"i*nate (?), v. t. To double. [R.] B. Jonson.

Gemination

Gem`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. geminatio.] A doubling; duplication; repetition. [R.] Boyle.

Gemini

Gem"i*ni (?), n. pl. [L., twins, pl. of geminus; cf. Skr. j related as brother or sister.] (Astron.) A constellation of the zodiac, containing the two bright stars Castor and Pollux; also, the third sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 20th.

Geminiflorous

Gem`i*ni*flo"rous (?), a. [L. geminus twin + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having the flowers arranged in pairs.

Geminous

Gem"i*nous (?), a. [L. geminus.] Double; in pairs. Sir T. Browne.

Geminy

Gemi*ny (?), n. [See Gemini.] Twins; a pair; a couple. [Obs.] Shak.

Gemitores

Gem`i*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gemere, gemitum, to sign, moan.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds including the true pigeons.

Gemma

Gem"ma (?), n.; pl. Gemm\'91 (#). [L., a bud.]

1. (Bot.) A leaf bud, as distinguished from a flower bud.

2. (Biol.) A bud spore; one of the small spores or buds in the reproduction of certain Protozoa, which separate one at a time from the parent cell.

Gemmaceous

Gem*ma"ceous (?), a. Of or pertaining to gems or to gemm\'91; of the nature of, or resembling, gems or gemm\'91.

Gemmary

Gem"ma*ry (?), a. [L. gemmarius. See Gem.] Of or pertaining to gems.
Page 618

Gemmary

Gem"ma*ry (?), n. A receptacle for jewels or gems; a jewel house; jewels or gems, collectively.

Gemmate

Gem"mate (?), a. [L. gemmatus, p. p. of gemmare to put forth buds, fr. gemma bud.] (Bot.) Having buds; reproducing by buds.

Gemmated

Gem"ma*ted (?), a. Having buds; adorned with gems or jewels.

Gemmation

Gem*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. gemmation.]

1. (Biol.) The formation of a new individual, either animal or vegetable, by a process of budding; an asexual method of reproduction; gemmulation; gemmiparity. See Budding.

2. (Bot.) The arrangement of buds on the stalk; also, of leaves in the bud.

Gemmeous

Gem"me*ous (?), a. [L. gemmeus. See Gem.] Pertaining to gems; of the nature of gems; resembling gems. Pennant.

Gemmiferous

Gem*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. gemma bud + -ferous: cf. F. gemmif\'8are.] Producing gems or buds; (Biol.) multiplying by buds.

Gemmification

Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. gemma bud + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Biol.) The production of a bud or gem.

Gemmiflorate

Gem`mi*flo"rate (?), a. [L. gemma bud + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having flowers like buds.

Gemminess

Gem"mi*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being gemmy; spruceness; smartness.

Gemmipara Gemmipares

Gem*mip"a*ra (?) Gem*mip"a*res (?) n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gemma bud + parere to produce.] (Zo\'94l.) Animals which increase by budding, as hydroids.

Gemmiparity

Gem`mi*par"i*ty (?), n. (Biol.) Reproduction by budding; gemmation. See Budding.

Gemmiparous

Gem*mip"a*rous (?), a. [Cf. F. gemmipare.] (Biol.) Producing buds; reproducing by buds. See Gemmation, 1.

Gemmosity

Gem*mos"i*ty (?), n. [L. gemmosus set with jewels. See Gem.] The quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel. [Obs.] Bailey.

Gemmulation

Gem`mu*la"tion (?), n. [From L. gemmula, dim. of gemma bud.] (Biol.) See Gemmation.

Gemmule

Gem"mule (?), n. [L. gemmula, dim. of gemma: cf. F. gemmule. See Gem.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons. (b) One of the buds of mosses. (c) One of the reproductive spores of alg\'91. (d) An ovule.

2. (Biol.) (a) A bud produced in generation by gemmation. (b) One of the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many generations and are then developed. See Pangenesis.

Gemmuliferous

Gem`mu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Gemmule + -ferous.] Bearing or producing gemmules or buds.

Gemmy

Gem"my (?), a. [From Gem, n.]

1. Full of gems; bright; glittering like a gem.

The gemmy bridle glittered free. Tennyson.

2. Spruce; smart. [Colloq. Eng.]

Gemote

Ge*mote" (?), n. [As. gem an assembly. See Meet, v. t.] (AS. Hist.) A meeting; -- used in combination, as, Witenagemote, an assembly of the wise men.

Gems

Gems (?), n. [G.] (Zo\'94l.) The chamois.

Gemsbok

Gems"bok (?), n. [D.; akin to G. gemsbock the male or buck of the chamois; gemse chamois, goat of the Alps + bock buck.] (Zo\'94l.) A South African antelope (Oryx Capensis), having long, sharp, nearly straight horns.

Gems-horn

Gems"-horn` (?), n. [G., prop., chamois horn.] (Mus.) An organ stop with conical tin pipes.

Gemul

Ge*mul" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small South American deer (Furcifer Chilensis), with simple forked horns. [Written also guemul.]

-gen

-gen (?). [(1) From Gr. -gen-, from the same root as ge`nos race, stock (see Genus). (2) From Gr. suffix -genh`s born. Cf. F. -g\'8ane.]

1. A suffix used in scientific words in the sense of producing, generating: as, amphigen, amidogen, halogen.

2. A suffix meaning produced, generated; as, exogen.

Gena

Ge"na (?), [L., the cheek.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The cheek; the feathered side of the under mandible of a bird. (b) The part of the head to which the jaws of an insect are attached.

Genappe

Ge*nappe" (?), n. [From Genappe, in Belgium.] A worsted yarn or cord of peculiar smoothness, used in the manufacture of braid, fringe, etc. Simmonds.

Gendarme

Gen`darme" (?), n.; pl. Gendarmes (#), or Gens d'armes. [F.]

1. (Mil.) One of a body of heavy cavalry. [Obs.] [France]

2. An armed policeman in France. Thackeray.

Gendarmery

Gen*darm"er*y (?), n. [F. gendarmerie.] The body of gendarmes.

Gender

Gen"der (?), n. [OF. genre, gendre (with excrescent d.), F.genre, fr. L. genus, generis, birth, descent, race, kind, gender, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born, akin to E. kin. See Kin, and cf. Generate, Genre, Gentle, Genus.]

1. Kind; sort. [Obs.] "One gender of herbs." Shak.

2. Sex, male or female. [Obs. or Colloq.]

3. (Gram.) A classification of nouns, primarily according to sex; and secondarily according to some fancied or imputed quality associated with sex.

Gender is a grammatical distinction and applies to words only. Sex is natural distinction and applies to living objects. R. Morris.
&hand; Adjectives and pronouns are said to vary in gender when the form is varied according to the gender of the words to which they refer.

Gender

Gen"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gendering.] [OF. gendrer, fr. L. generare. See Gender, n.] To beget; to engender.

Gender

Gen"der, v. i. To copulate; to breed. [R.] Shak.

Genderless

Gen"der*less, a. Having no gender.

Geneagenesis

Gen`e*a*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.) Alternate generation. See under Generation.

Genealogic

Gen`e*a*log"ic (?), a. Genealogical.

Genealogical

Gen`e*a*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82alogique.] Of or pertaining to genealogy; as, a genealogical table; genealogical order. -- Gen`e*a*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Genealogical tree, a family lineage or genealogy drawn out under the form of a tree and its branches.

Genealogist

Gen`e*al"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82alogiste.] One who traces genealogies or the descent of persons or families.

Genealogize

Gen`e*al"o*gize (?), v. i. To investigate, or relate the history of, descents.

Genealogy

Gen`e*al"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Genealogies (#). [OE. genealogi, genelogie, OF. genelogie, F. g\'82n\'82alogie, L. genealogia, fr. Gr. genus) +

1. An account or history of the descent of a person or family from an ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their children in the natural order of succession; a pedigree.

2. Regular descent of a person or family from a progenitor; pedigree; lineage.

Genearch

Gen"e*arch (?), n. [Gr. The chief of a family or tribe.

Genera

Gen"e*ra (?), n. pl. See Genus.

Generability

Gen`er*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being generated. Johnstone.

Generable

Gen"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. generabilis.] Capable of being generated or produced. Bentley.

General

Gen"er*al (?), a. [F. g\'82n\'82ral, fr. L. generalis. See Genus.]

1. Relating to a genus or kind; pertaining to a whole class or order; as, a general law of animal or vegetable economy.

2. Comprehending many species or individuals; not special or particular; including all particulars; as, a general inference or conclusion.

3. Not restrained or limited to a precise import; not specific; vague; indefinite; lax in signification; as, a loose and general expression.

4. Common to many, or the greatest number; widely spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal; as, a general opinion; a general custom.

5. Having a relation to all; common to the whole; as, Adam, our general sire. Milton.

6. As a whole; in gross; for the most part.

His general behavior vain, ridiculous. Shak.

7. Usual; common, on most occasions; as, his general habit or method. &hand; The word general, annexed to a name of office, usually denotes chief or superior; as, attorney-general; adjutant general; commissary general; quartermaster general; vicar-general, etc. General agent (Law), an agent whom a principal employs to transact all his business of a particular kind, or to act in his affairs generally. -- General assembly. See the Note under Assembly. -- General average, General Court. See under Average, Court. -- General court-martial (Mil.), the highest military and naval judicial tribunal. -- General dealer (Com.), a shopkeeper who deals in all articles in common use. -- General demurrer (Law), a demurrer which objects to a pleading in general terms, as insufficient, without specifying the defects. Abbott. -- General epistle, a canonical epistle. -- General guides (Mil.), two sergeants (called the right, and the left, general guide) posted opposite the right and left flanks of an infantry battalion, to preserve accuracy in marching. Farrow. -- General hospitals (Mil.), hospitals established to receive sick and wounded sent from the field hospitals. Farrow. General issue (Law), an issue made by a general plea, which traverses the whole declaration or indictment at once, without offering any special matter to evade it. Bouvier. Burrill. -- General lien (Law), a right to detain a chattel, etc., until payment is made of any balance due on a general account. -- General officer (Mil.), any officer having a rank above that of colonel. -- General orders (Mil.), orders from headquarters published to the whole command. -- General practitioner, in the United States, one who practices medicine in all its branches without confining himself to any specialty; in England, one who practices both as physician and as surgeon. -- General ship, a ship not chartered or let to particular parties. -- General term (Logic), a term which is the sign of a general conception or notion. -- General verdict (Law), the ordinary comprehensive verdict in civil actions, "for the plaintiff" or "for the defendant". Burrill. -- General warrant (Law), a warrant, now illegal, to apprehend suspected persons, without naming individuals. Syn. General, Common, Universal. Common denotes primarily that in which many share; and hence, that which is often met with. General is stronger, denoting that which pertains to a majority of the individuals which compose a genus, or whole. Universal, that which pertains to all without exception. To be able to read and write is so common an attainment in the United States, that we may pronounce it general, though by no means universal. Gen"er*al (?), n. [F. g\'82n\'82ral. See General., a.]

1. The whole; the total; that which comprehends or relates to all, or the chief part; -- opposed to particular.

In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by degrees to generals. Locke.

2. (Mil.) One of the chief military officers of a government or country; the commander of an army, of a body of men not less than a brigade. In European armies, the highest military rank next below field marshal. &hand; In the United States the office of General of the Army has been created by temporary laws, and has been held only by Generals U. S. Grant, W. T. Sherman, and P. H. Sheridan. <-- = 5-star general. Eisenhower? MacArthur? Pershing? -->Popularly, the title General is given to various general officers, as General, Lieutenant general, Major general, Brigadier general, Commissary general, etc. See Brigadier general, Lieutenant general, Major general, in the Vocabulary.

3. (Mil.) The roll of the drum which calls the troops together; as, to beat the general.

4. (Eccl.) The chief of an order of monks, or of all the houses or congregations under the same rule.

5. The public; the people; the vulgar. [Obs.] Shak. In general, in the main; for the most part.

Generalia

Gen`e*ra"li*a (?), n. pl. [Neut. pl., fr. L. generalis.] Generalities; general terms. J. S. Mill.

Generalissimo

Gen`er*al*is"si*mo (?), n. [It., superl. of generale general. See General, a.] The chief commander of an army; especially, the commander in chief of an army consisting of two or more grand divisions under separate commanders; -- a title used in most foreign countries.

Generality

Gen`er*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Generalities (#). [L. generalitas: cf. F. g\'82n\'82ralit\'82. Cf. Generalty.]

1. The state of being general; the quality of including species or particulars. Hooker.

2. That which is general; that which lacks specificalness, practicalness, or application; a general or vague statement or phrase.

Let us descend from generalities to particulars. Landor.
The glittering and sounding generalities of natural right which make up the Declaration of Independence. R. Choate.

3. The main body; the bulk; the greatest part; as, the generality of a nation, or of mankind.

Generalizable

Gen"er*al*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being generalized, or reduced to a general form of statement, or brought under a general rule.
Extreme cases are . . . not generalizable. Coleridge

Generalization

Gen`er*al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82ralisation.]

1. The act or process of generalizing; the act of bringing individuals or particulars under a genus or class; deduction of a general principle from particulars.

Generalization is only the apprehension of the one in the many. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A general inference.

Generalize

Gen"er*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Generalizing (?).] [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82raliser.]

1. To bring under a genus or under genera; to view in relation to a genus or to genera.

Copernicus generalized the celestial motions by merely referring them to the moon's motion. Newton generalized them still more by referring this last to the motion of a stone through the air. W. Nicholson.

2. To apply to other genera or classes; to use with a more extensive application; to extend so as to include all special cases; to make universal in application, as a formula or rule.

When a fact is generalized, our discontent is quited, and we consider the generality itself as tantamount to an explanation. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. To derive or deduce (a general conception, or a general principle) from particulars.

A mere conclusion generalized from a great multitude of facts. Coleridge.

Generalize

Gen"er*al*ize, v. i. To form into a genus; to view objects in their relations to a genus or class; to take general or comprehensive views.

Generalized

Gen"er*al*ized (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Comprising structural characters which are separated in more specialized forms; synthetic; as, a generalized type.

Generalizer

Gen"er*al*i`zer (, n. One who takes general or comprehensive views. Tyndall.

Generally

Gen"er*al*ly, adv.

1. In general; commonly; extensively, though not universally; most frequently.

2. In a general way, or in general relation; in the main; upon the whole; comprehensively.

Generally speaking, they live very quietly. Addison.

3. Collectively; as a whole; without omissions. [Obs.]

I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto thee. 2 Sam. xvii. ll.

Generalness

Gen"er*al*ness, n. The condition or quality of being general; frequency; commonness. Sir P. Sidney.

Generalship

Gen"er*al*ship, n.

1. The office of a general; the exercise of the functions of a general; -- sometimes, with the possessive pronoun, the personality of a general.

Your generalship puts me in mind of Prince Eugene. Goldsmith.

2. Military skill in a general officer or commander.

3. Fig.: Leadership; management.

An artful stroke of generalship in Trim to raise a dust. Sterne.

Generalty

Gen"er*al*ty (?), n. Generality. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

Generant

Gen"er*ant (?), a. [L. generans, p. pr. of generare.] Generative; producing; esp. (Geom.), acting as a generant.

Generant

Gen"er*ant, n.

1. That which generates. Glanvill.

2. (Geom.) A generatrix.

Generate

Gen"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Generating.] [L. generatus, p. p. of generare to generate, fr. genus. See Genus, Gender.]

1. To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce (a being similar to the parent); to engender; as, every animal generates its own species.

2. To cause to be; to bring into life. Milton.

3. To originate, especially by a vital or chemical process; to produce; to cause.

Whatever generates a quantity of good chyle must likewise generate milk. Arbuthnot.

4. (Math.) To trace out, as a line, figure, or solid, by the motion of a point or a magnitude of inferior order.


Page 619

Generation

Gen`er*a"tion (?), n. [OE. generacioun, F. g\'82n\'82ration, fr.L. generatio.]

1. The act of generating or begetting; procreation, as of animals.

2. Origination by some process, mathematical, chemical, or vital; production; formation; as, the generation of sounds, of gases, of curves, etc.

3. That which is generated or brought forth; progeny; offspiring.

4. A single step or stage in the succession of natural descent; a rank or remove in genealogy. Hence: The body of those who are of the same genealogical rank or remove from an ancestor; the mass of beings living at one period; also, the average lifetime of man, or the ordinary period of time at which one rank follows another, or father is succeeded by child, usually assumed to be one third of a century; an age.

This is the book of the generations of Adam. Gen. v. 1.
Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and for a long season, namely, seven generations. Baruch vi. 3.
All generations and ages of the Christian church. Hooker.

5. Race; kind; family; breed; stock.

Thy mother's of my generation; what's she, if I be a dog? Shak.

6. (Geom.) The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude; as, the generation of a line or curve by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a semicircle, etc.

7. (Biol.) The aggregate of the functions and phenomene which attend reproduction. &hand; There are four modes of generation in the animal kingdom: scissiparity or by fissiparous generation, gemmiparity or by budding, germiparity or by germs, and oviparity or by ova. Alternate generation (Biol.), alternation of sexual with asexual generation, in which the products of one process differ from those of the other, -- a form of reproduction common both to animal and vegetable organisms. In the simplest form, the organism arising from sexual generation produces offspiring unlike itself, agamogenetically. These, however, in time acquire reproductive organs, and from their impregnated germs the original parent form is reproduced. In more complicated cases, the first series of organisms produced agamogenetically may give rise to others by a like process, and these in turn to still other generations. Ultimately, however, a generation is formed which develops sexual organs, and the original form is reproduced. -- Spontaneous generation (Biol.), the fancied production of living organisms without previously existing parents from inorganic matter, or from decomposing organic matter, a notion which at one time had many supporters; abiogenesis.

Generative

Gen"er*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82ratif.] Having the power of generating, propagating, originating, or producing. "That generative particle." Bentley.

Generator

Gen"er*a`tor (?), n. [L.]

1. One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces.

2. An apparatus in which vapor or gas is formed from a liquid or solid by means of heat or chemical process, as a steam boiler, gas retort, or vessel for generating carbonic acid gas, etc.

3. (Mus.) The principal sound or sounds by which others are produced; the fundamental note or root of the common chord; -- called also generating tone.

Generatrix

Gen`er*a"trix (?), n.; pl. L. Generatrices (#), E. Generatrixes (#). [L.] (Geom.) That which generates; the point, or the mathematical magnitude, which, by its motion, generates another magnitude, as a line, surface, or solid; -- called also describent.

Generic, Generical

Ge*ner"ic (?), Ge*ner"ic*al (?), a. [L. genus, generis, race, kind: cf. F. g\'82n\'82rique. See Gender.]

1. (Biol.) Pertaining to a genus or kind; relating to a genus, as distinct from a species, or from another genus; as, a generic description; a generic difference; a generic name.

2. Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to large classes or their characteristics; -- opposed to specific.

Generically

Ge*ner"ic*al*ly, adv. With regard to a genus, or an extensive class; as, an animal generically distinct from another, or two animals or plants generically allied.

Genericalness

Ge*ner"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being generic.

Generification

Ge*ner`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. genus kind, class + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act or process of generalizing.
Out of this the universal is elaborated by generification. Sir W. Hamilton.

Generosity

Gen`er*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. generositas: cf. F. g\'82n\'82rosit\'82.]

1. Noble birth. [Obs.] Harris (Voyages).

2. The quality of being noble; noble-mindedness.

Generosity is in nothing more seen than in a candid estimation of other men's virtues and good qualities. Barrow.

3. Liberality in giving; munificence. Syn. -- Magnanimity; liberality.

Generous

Gen"er*ous (?), a. [F. g\'82n\'82reux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.]

1. Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [Obs.]

The generous and gravest citizens. Shak.

2. Exhibiting those qualities which are popularly reregarded as belonging to high birth; noble; honorable; magnanimous; spirited; courageous. "The generous critic." Pope. "His generous spouse." Pope. "A generous pack [of hounds]." Addison.

3. Open-handed; free to give; not close or niggardly; munificent; as, a generous friend or father.

4. Characterized by generosity; abundant; overflowing; as, a generous table. Swift.

5. Full of spirit or strength; stimulating; exalting; as, generous wine. Syn. -- Magnanimous; bountiful. See Liberal. -- Gen"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Gen"er*ous*ness, n.

Genesee epoch

Gen`e*see" ep"och (?). (Geol.) The closing subdivision of the Hamilton period in the American Devonian system; -- so called because the formations of this period crop out in Genesee, New York.

Genesial

Ge*ne"sial (?), a. Of or relating to generation.

Genesiolgy

Ge*ne`si*ol"gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The doctrine or science of generation.

Genesis

Gen"e*sis (?), n. [L., from Gr. genus birth, race. See Gender.]

1. The act of producing, or giving birth or origin to anything; the process or mode of originating; production; formation; origination.

The origin and genasis of poor Sterling's club. Carlyle.

2. The first book of the Old Testament; -- so called by the Greek translators, from its containing the history of the creation of the world and of the human race.

3. (Geom.) Same as Generation.

Genet, Genette

Gen"et (?), Ge*nette" (, n. [F. genette, Sp. gineta, fr. Ar. jarnei

1. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of small Carnivora of the genus Genetta, allied to the civets, but having the scent glands less developed, and without a pouch. &hand; The common genet (Genetta vulgaris) of Southern Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa, is dark gray, spotted with black. The long tail is banded with black and white. The Cape genet (G. felina), and the berbe (G. pardina), are related African species.

2. The fur of the common genet (Genetta vulgaris); also, any skin dressed in imitation of this fur.

Genet

Gen"et (?), n. [See Jennet.] A small-sized, well-proportioned, Spanish horse; a jennet. Shak.

Genethliac

Ge*neth"li*ac (?), a. [L. genethliacus, Gr. Pertaining to nativities; calculated by astrologers; showing position of stars at one's birth. Howell.

Genethliac

Ge*neth"li*ac, n.

1. A birthday poem.

2. One skilled in genethliacs.

Genethliacal

Gen`eth*li"a*cal (?), a. Genethliac.

Genethliacs

Ge*neth"li*acs (?), n. The science of calculating nativities, or predicting the future events of life from the stars which preside at birth. Jhonson.

Genethlialogy

Ge*neth`li*al"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. Divination as to the destinies of one newly born; the act or art of casting nativities; astrology.

Genethliatic

Ge*neth`li*at"ic (?), n. One who calculates nativities. Sir W. Drummond.

Genetic

Ge*net"ic (?), a. Same as Genetical.

Genetical

Ge*net"ic*al (?), a. [See Genesis.] Pertaining to, concerned with, or determined by, the genesis of anything, or its natural mode of production or development.
This historical, genetical method of viewing prior systems of philosophy. Hare.

Genetically

Ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv. In a genetical manner.

Geneva

Ge*ne"va (?), n. The chief city of Switzerland. Geneva Bible, a translation of the Bible into English, made and published by English refugees in Geneva (Geneva, 1560; London, 1576). It was the first English Bible printed in Roman type instead of the ancient black letter, the first which recognized the division into verses, and the first which ommited the Apocrypha. In form it was a small quarto, and soon superseded the large folio of Cranmer's translation. Called also Genevan Bible. -- Geneva convention (Mil.), an agreement made by representatives of the great continental powers at Geneva and signed in 1864, establishing new and more humane regulation regarding the treatment of the sick and wounded and the status of those who minister to them in war. Ambulances and military hospitals are made neutral, and this condition affects physicians, chaplains, nurses, and the ambulance corps. Great Britain signed the convention in 1865. -- Geneva cross (Mil.), a red Greek cross on a white ground; -- the flag and badge adopted in the Geneva convention.

Geneva

Ge*ne"va (?), n. [F. geni\'8avre juniper, juniper berry, gin, OF. geneivre juniper, fr. L. juniperus the juniper tree: cf. D. jenever, fr. F. geni\'8avre. See Juniper, and cf. Gin a liquor.] A strongly alcoholic liquor, flavores with juniper berries; -- made in Holland; Holland gin; Hollands.

Genevan

Ge*ne"van (?), a. Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevese.

Genevan

Ge*ne"van, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Geneva.

2. A supported of Genevanism.

Genevanism

Ge*ne"van*ism (?), n. [From Geneva, where Calvin resided.] Strict Calvinism. Bp. Montagu.

Genevese

Gen`e*vese" (?), a. [Cf. L. Genevensis, F. g\'82nevois.] Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevan. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Geneva; collectively, the inhabitants of Geneva; people of Geneva.

Genial

Ge*ni"al (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Genian.

Genial

Gen"ial (?), a. [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See Genius.]

1. Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive. "The genial bed." Milton.

Creator Venus, genial power of love. Dryden.

2. Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the enjoyment of life; sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial and inspiring joy or happiness; exciting pleasure and sympathy; enlivening; kindly; as, she was of a cheerful and genial disposition.

So much I feel my genial spirits droop. Milton.

3. Belonging to one's genius or natural character; native; natural; inborn. [Obs.]

Natural incapacity and genial indisposition. Sir T. Browne.

4. Denoting or marked with genius [R.]

Men of genius have often attached the highest value to their less genial works. Hare.
Genial gods (Pagan Mythol.), the powers supposed to preside over marriage and generation.

Geniality

Ge`ni*al"i*ty (?), n. [L. genialitas.] The quality of being genial; sympathetic cheerfulness; warmth of disposition and manners.

Genially

Gen"ial*ly (?), adv.

1. By genius or nature; naturally. [Obs.]

Some men are genially disposed to some opinions. Glanvill.

2. Gayly; cheerfully. Johnson.

Genialness

Gen"ial*ness, n. The quality of being genial.

Genian

Ge*ni"an (?), a. [Gr. Chin.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the chin; mental; as, the genian prominence.

Geniculate

Ge*nic"u*late (?), a. [L. geniculatus, fr. geniculum little knee, knot or joint, dim. of genu knee. See Knee.] Bent abruptly at an angle, like the knee when bent; as, a geniculate stem; a geniculate ganglion; a geniculate twin crystal.

Geniculate

Ge*nic"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geniculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geniculating.] To form joints or knots on. [R.] Cockeram.

Geniculated

Ge*nic"u*la`ted (?), a. Same as Geniculate.

Geniculation

Ge*nic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. geniculatio a kneeling.]

1. The act of kneeling. [R.] Bp. Hall.

2. The state of being bent abruptly at an angle.

G\'82nie

G\'82`nie (?), n. [F.] See Genius.

Genio

Ge"ni*o (?), n. [It. See Genius.] A man of a particular turn of mind. [R.] Tatler.

Geniohyoid

Ge`ni*o*hy"oid (?), a. [Gr. hyoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the chin and hyoid bone; as, the geniohyoid muscle.

Genipap

Gen"i*pap (?), n. (Bot.) The edible fruit of a West Indian tree (Genipa Americana) of the order Rubiace\'91. It is oval in shape, as a large as a small orange, of a pale greenish color, and with dark purple juice.

Genista

Ge*nis"ta (?), n. [L., broom.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including the common broom of Western Europe.

Genital

Gen"i*tal (?), a. [L. genitalis, fr. genere, gignere, to beget: cf. F. g\'82nital. See Gender.] Pertaining to generation, or to the generative organs. Genital cord (Anat.), a cord developed in the fetus by the union of portions of the Wolffian and M\'81llerian ducts and giving rise to parts of the urogenital passages in both sexes.

Genitals

Gen"i*tals (?), n. pl. [From Genital, a.: cf. L. genitalia.] The organs of generation; the sexual organs; the private parts.

Geniting

Gen"i*ting (?), n. [See Jenneting.] A species of apple that ripens very early. Bacon.

Genitival

Gen`i*ti"val (?), a. Possessing genitive from; pertaining to, or derived from, the genitive case; as, a genitival adverb. -- Gen`i*ti"val*ly, adv.

Genitive

Gen"i*tive (?), a. [L. genitivus, fr. gignere, genitum, to beget: cf. F. g\'82nitif. See Gender.] (Gram.) Of or pertaining to that case (as the second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses source or possession. It corresponds to the possessive case in English.

Genitive

Gen"i*tive, n. (Gram.) The genitive case. Genitive absolute, a construction in Greek similar to the ablative absolute in Latin. See Ablative absolute.

Genitocrural

Gen`i*to*cru"ral (?), a. [Genital + crural.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the genital organs and the thigh; -- applied especially to one of the lumbar nerves.

Genitor

Gen"i*tor (?), n. [L.]

1. One who begets; a generator; an originator. Sheldon.

2. pl. The genitals. [Obs.] Holland.

Genitourinary

Gen`i*to*u"ri*na*ry (?), a. [Genital + urinary.] (Anat.) See Urogenital.

Geniture

Gen"i*ture (?), n. [L. genitura: cf. F. g\'82niture.] Generation; procreation; birth. Dryden.

Genius

Gen"ius (?), n.; pl. E. Geniuses (#); in sense 1, L. Genii (#). [L. genius, prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in everything, the spirit, the tutelar deity or genius of a person or place, taste, talent, genius, from genere, gignere, to beget, bring forth. See Gender, and cf. Engine.]

1. A good or evil spirit, or demon, supposed by the ancients to preside over a man's destiny in life; a tutelary deity; a supernatural being; a spirit, good or bad. Cf. Jinnee.

The unseen genius of the wood. Milton.
We talk of genius still, but with thought how changed! The genius of Augustus was a tutelary demon, to be sworn by and to receive offerings on an altar as a deity. Tylor.

2. The peculiar structure of mind with whoch each individual is endowed by nature; that disposition or aptitude of mind which is peculiar to each man, and which qualifies him for certain kinds of action or special success in any pursuit; special taste, inclination, or disposition; as, a genius for history, for poetry, or painting.

3. Peculiar character; animating spirit, as of a nation, a religion, a language.

4. Distinguished mental superiority; uncommon intellectual power; especially, superior power of invention or origination of any kind, or of forming new combinations; as, a man of genius.

Genius of the highest kind implies an unusual intensity of the modifyng power. Coleridge.

5. A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man of superior intellectual faculties; as, Shakespeare was a rare genius. Syn. -- Genius, Talent. Genius implies high and peculiar gifts of nature, impelling the mind to certain favorite kinds of mental effort, and producing new combinations of ideas, imagery, etc. Talent supposes general strength of intellect, with a peculiar aptitude for being molded and directed to specific employments and valuable ends and purposes. Genius is connected more or less with the exercise of imagination, and reaches its ends by a kind of intuitive power. Talent depends more on high mental training, and a perfect command of all the faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, etc. Hence we speak of a genius for poetry, painting. etc., and a talent for business or diplomacy. Among English orators, Lord Chatham was distinguished for his genius; William Pitt for his pre\'89minent talents, and especially his unrivaled talent for debate.


Page 620

Genius loci ( [L.], the genius or presiding divinity of a place; hence, the pervading spirit of a place or institution, as of a college, etc.

Genoese

Gen`o*ese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Genoa; collectively, the people of Genoa.

Genouill\'8are

Ge*nouil`l\'8are" (?), n. [F.]

1. (Anc. Armor) A metal plate covering the knee.

2. (Fort.) That part of a parapet which lies between the gun platform and the bottom of an embrasure.

-genous

-ge*nous. [-gen + -ous.] A suffix signifying producing, yielding; as, alkaligenous; endogenous.

Genre

Genre (?), n. [F. See Gender.] (Fine Arts) A style of painting, sculpture, or other imitative art, which illustrates everyday life and manners.

Gens

Gens (?), n.; pl. Gentes (#). [L. See Gentle, a.] (Rom. Hist.)

1. A clan or family connection, embracing several families of the same stock, who had a common name and certain common religious rites; a subdivision of the Roman curia or tribe.

2. (Ethnol.) A minor subdivision of a tribe, among American aborigines. It includes those who have a common descent, and bear the same totem.

Gent

Gent (?), a. [OF. gent, fr. L. genitus born, or (less prob.) fr. gentilis. See Genteel.]

1. Gentle; noble; of gentle birth. [Obs.]

All of a knight [who] was fair and gent. Chaucer.

2. Neat; pretty; fine; elegant. [Obs.] Spenser.

Her body gent and small. Chaucer.

Genteel

Gen*teel" (?), a. [F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful. See Gentle.]

1. Possessing or exhibiting the qualities popularly regarded as belonging to high birth and breeding; free from vulgarity, or lowness of taste or behavior; adapted to a refined or cultivated taste; polite; well-bred; as, genteel company, manners, address.

2. Graceful in mien or form; elegant in appearance, dress, or manner; as, the lady has a genteel person. Law.

3. Suited to the position of lady or a gentleman; as, to live in a genteel allowance. Syn. -- Polite; well-bred; refined; polished.

Genteelish

Gen*teel"ish, a. Somewhat genteel.

Genteelly

Gen*teel"ly, adv. In a genteel manner.

Genteelness

Gen*teel"ness, n. The quality of being genteel.

Genterie, Gentrie

Gen"ter*ie (?), Gen"trie (
, n. [OE. See Gentry.] Nobility of birth or of character; gentility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gentian

Gen"tian (?), n. [OE. genciane, F. gentiane, L. gentiana, fr. Gentius, an Illyrian king, said to have discovered its properties.] (Bot.) Any one of a genus (Gentiana) of herbaceous plants with opposite leaves and a tubular four- or five-lobed corolla, usually blue, but sometimes white, yellow, or red. See Illust. of Capsule. &hand; Many species are found on the highest mountains of Europe, Asia, and America, and some are prized for their beauty, as the Alpine (Gentiana verna, Bavarica, and excisa), and the American fringed gentians (G. crinita and G. detonsa). Several are used as tonics, especially the bitter roots of Gentiana lutea, the officinal gentian of the pharmacop&oe;ias. Horse gentian, fever root. -- Yellow gentian (Bot.), the officinal gentian (Gentiana lutea). See Bitterwort.

Gentianaceous

Gen`tian*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Gentianace\'91) of which the gentian is the type.

Gentianella

Gen`tian*el"la (?), n. [See Gentian.] A kind of blue color. Johnson.

Gentianic

Gen`ti*an"ic (?), a. Pertaining to or derived from the gentian; as, gentianic acid.

Gentianine

Gen"tian*ine (?), n. (Chem.) A bitter, crystallizable substance obtained from gentian.

Gentianose

Gen"tian*ose` (?), n. (Chem.) A crystallizable, sugarlike substance, with a slightly sweetish taste, obtained from the gentian.

Gentil

Gen"til (?), a. & n. Gentle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gentile

Gen"tile (?), n. [L. gentilis belonging to the same clan, stock, race, people, or nation; in opposition to Roman, a foreigner; in opposition to Jew or Christian, a heathen: cf. F. gentil. See Gentle, a.] One of a non-Jewish nation; one neither a Jew nor a Christian; a worshiper of false gods; a heathen. &hand; The Hebrews included in the term g\'d3yim, or nations, all the tribes of men who had not received the true faith, and were not circumcised. The Christians translated g\'d3yim by the L. gentes, and imitated the Jews in giving the name gentiles to all nations who were neither Jews nor Christians. In civil affairs, the denomination was given to all nations who were not Romans. Syn. -- Pagan; heathen. See Pagan.

Gentile

Gen"tile, a.

1. Belonging to the nations at large, as distinguished from the Jews; ethnic; of pagan or heathen people.

2. (Gram.) Denoting a race or country; as, a gentile noun or adjective.

Gentile-falcon

Gen"tile-fal`con (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Falcon-gentil.

Gentilesse

Gen`ti*lesse" (?), n. [OF. gentilesse, gentelise, F. gentillesse. See Gentle. a.] Gentleness; courtesy; kindness; nobility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gentilish

Gen"til*ish (?), a. Heathenish; pagan.

Gentilism

Gen"til*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. gentilisme.]

1. Hethenism; paganism; the worship of false gods.

2. Tribal feeling; devotion to one's gens.

Gentilitial, Gentilitious

Gen`ti*li"tial (?), Gen`ti*li"tious (?), a. [L. gentilitius. See Gentile.] [Obs.]

1. Peculiar to a people; national. Sir T. Browne.

2. Hereditary; entailed on a family. Arbuthnot.

Gentility

Gen*til"i*ty (?), n. [L. gentilitas the relationship of those who belong to the same clan, also, heathenism: cf. F. gentilit\'82 heathenism. See Gentile.]

1. Good extraction; dignity of birth. Macaulay.

He . . . mines my gentility with my education. Shak.

2. The quality or qualities appropriate to those who are well born, as self-respect, dignity, courage, courtesy, politeness of manner, a graceful and easy mien and behavior, etc.; good breeding.

3. The class in society who are, or are expected to be, genteel; the gentry. [R.] Sir J. Davies.

4. Paganism; heathenism. [Obs.] Hooker.

Gentilize

Gen"til*ize (?), v. i. [See Gentile.]

1. To live like a gentile or heathen. [Obs.] Milton.

2. To act the gentleman; -- with it (see It, 5). [Obs.]

Gentilize

Gen"til*ize, v. i. To render gentile or gentlemanly; as, to gentilize your unworthy sones. [R.] Sylvester.

Gentilly

Gen"til*ly (?), adv. [From Gentil, a.] In a gentle or hoble manner; frankly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gentiopikrin

Gen`ti*o*pi"krin (?), n. [Gentian + Gr. (Chem.) A bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and obtained from the gentian.

Gentisin

Gen"ti*sin (?), n. (Chem.) A tasteless, yellow, crystalline substance, obtained from the gentian; -- called also gentianin.

Gentle

Gen"tle (?), a. [Compar. Gentler (?); superl. Gentlest (?).] [OE. gentil, F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful, fr. L. gentilis of the same clan or race, fr. gens, gentis, tribe, clan, race, orig. that which belongs together by birth, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget; hence gentle, properly, of birth or family, that is, of good or noble birth. See Gender, and cf. Genteel, Gentil, Gentile, Gentoo, Jaunty.]

1. Well-born; of a good family or respectable birth, though not noble.

British society is divided into nobility, gentry, and yeomanry, and families are either noble, gentle, or simple. Johnson's Cyc.
The studies wherein our noble and gentle youth ought to bestow their time. Milton.

2. Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh, or stern; mild; meek; bland; amiable; tender; as, a gentle nature, temper, or disposition; a gentle manner; a gentle address; a gentle voice.

3. A compellative of respect, consideration, or conciliation; as, gentle reader. "Gentle sirs." "Gentle Jew." "Gentle servant." Shak.

4. Not wild, turbulent, or refractory; quiet and docile; tame; peaceable; as, a gentle horse.

5. Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or disturbing; easy; soothing; pacific; as, a gentle touch; a gentle gallop. "Gentle music." Sir J. Davies.

O sleep! it is a gentle thing. Coleridge.
The gentle craft, the art or trade of shoemaking. Syn. -- Mild; meek; placid; dovelike; quiet; peaceful; pacific; bland; soft; tame; tractable; docile. -- Gentle, Tame, Mild, Meek. Gentle describes the natural disposition; tame, that which is subdued by training; mild implies a temper which is, by nature, not easily provoked; meek, a spirit which has been schooled to mildness by discipline or suffering. The lamb is gentle; the domestic fowl is tame; John, the Apostle, was mild; Moses was meek.

Gentle

Gen"tle, n.

1. One well born; a gentleman. [Obs.]

Gentles, methinks you frown. Shak.

2. A trained falcon. See Falcon-gentil.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A dipterous larva used as fish bait.

Gentle

Gent"le, v. t.

1. To make genteel; to raise from the vulgar; to ennoble. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To make smooth, cozy, or agreeable. [R. or Poet.]

To gentle life's descent, We shut our eyes, and think it is a plain. Young.

3. To make kind and docile, as a horse. [Colloq.]

Gentlefolk, Gentlefolks

Gen"tle*folk` (?), Gen"tle*folks` (, n. pl. Persons of gentle or good family and breeding. [Generally in the United States in the plural form.] Shak.

Gentle-hearted

Gen"tle-heart`ed (?), a. Having a kind or gentle disposition. Shak. -- Gen"tle-heart`ed*ness, n.

Gentleman

Gen"tle*man (?), n.; pl. Gentlemen (#). [OE. gentilman nobleman; gentil noble + man man; cf. F. gentilhomme.]

1. A man well born; one of good family; one above the condition of a yeoman.

2. One of gentle or refined manners; a well-bred man.

3. (Her.) One who bears arms, but has no title.

4. The servant of a man of rank.

The count's gentleman, one Cesario. Shak.

5. A man, irrespective of condition; -- used esp. in the plural (= citizens; people), in addressing men in popular assemblies, etc. &hand; In Great Britain, the term gentleman is applied in a limited sense to those having coats of arms, but who are without a title, and, in this sense, gentlemen hold a middle rank between the nobility and yeomanry. In a more extended sense, it includes every man above the rank of yeoman, comprehending the nobility. In the United States, the term is applied to men of education and good breeding of every occupation. Gentleman commoner, one of the highest class of commoners at the University of Oxford. -- Gentleman usher, one who ushers visitors into the presence of a sovereign, etc. -- Gentleman usher of the black rod, an usher belonging to the Order of the Garter, whose chief duty is to serve as official messenger of the House of Lords. -- Gentlemen-at-arms, a band of forty gentlemen who attend the sovereign on state occasions; formerly called gentlemen pensioners. [Eng.]

Gentlemanhood

Gen"tle*man*hood (?), n. The qualities or condition of a gentleman. [R.] Thackeray.

Gentlemanlike, Gentlemanly

Gen"tle*man*like` (?), Gen"tle*man*ly (?), a. Of, pertaining to, resembling, or becoming, a gentleman; well-behaved; courteous; polite.

Gentlemanliness

Gen"tle*man*li*ness (?), n. The state of being gentlemanly; gentlemanly conduct or manners.

Gentlemanship

Gen"tle*man*ship, n. The carriage or quality of a gentleman.

Gentleness

Gen"tle*ness, n. The quality or state of being gentle, well-born, mild, benevolent, docile, etc.; gentility; softness of manners, disposition, etc.; mildness.

Gentleship

Gen"tle*ship, n. The deportment or conduct of a gentleman. [Obs.] Ascham.

Gentlesse

Gent"lesse (?), n. Gentilesse; gentleness. [Obs.]

Gentlewoman

Gen"tle*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Gentlewomen (.

1. A woman of good family or of good breeding; a woman above the vulgar. Bacon.

2. A woman who attends a lady of high rank. Shak.

Gently

Gen"tly (?), adv. In a gentle manner.
My mistress gently chides the fault I made. Dryden.

Gentoo

Gen*too" (?), n.; pl. Gentoos (#). [Pg. gentio gentile, heathen. See Gentile.] A native of Hindostan; a Hindoo. [Archaic]

Gentry

Gen"try (?), n. [OE. genterie, gentrie, noble birth, nobility, cf. gentrise, and OF. gentelise, genterise, E. gentilesse, also OE. genteleri high-mindedness. See Gent, a., Gentle, a.]

1. Birth; condition; rank by birth. [Obs.] "Pride of gentrie." Chaucer.

She conquers him by high almighty Jove, By knighthood, gentry, and sweet friendship's oath. Shak.

2. People of education and good breeding; in England, in a restricted sense, those between the nobility and the yeomanry. Macaulay.

3. Courtesy; civility; complaisance. [Obs.]

To show us so much gentry and good will. Shak.

Genty

Gen"ty (?), a. [From F. gentil. Cf. Jaunty.] Neat; trim. [Scot.] Burns.

Genu

Ge"nu (?), n.; pl. Genua (#). [L., the knee.] (Anat.) (a) The knee. (b) The kneelike bend, in the anterior part of the callosum of the brain.

Genuflect

Gen`u*flect" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Genuflected; p. pr. & vb. n. Genuflecting.] [See Genuflection.] To bend the knee, as in worship.

Genuflection

Gen`u*flec"tion (?), n. [F. g\'82nuflexion, fr. LL. genuflexio, fr. L. genu knee + flexio a bending, fr. flectere, flexum, to bend. See Knee, Flexible.] The act of bending the knee, particularly in worship. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Genuine

Gen"u*ine (?), a. [L. genuinus, fr. genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born: cf. F. g\'82nuine. See Gender.] Belonging to, or proceeding from, the original stock; native; hence, not counterfeit, spurious, false, or adulterated; authentic; real; natural; true; pure; as, a genuine text; a genuine production; genuine materials. "True, genuine night." Dryden. Syn. -- Authentic; real; true; pure; unalloyed; unadulterated. See Authentic. -- Gen"u*ine*ly, adv. -- Gen"u*ine*ness, n.
The evidence, both internal and external, against the genuineness of these letters, is overwhelming. Macaulay.

Genus

Ge"nus (?), n.; pl. Genera (#). [L., birth, race, kind, sort; akin to Gr. Gender, and cf. Benign.]

1. (Logic) A class of objects divided into several subordinate species; a class more extensive than a species; a precisely defined and exactly divided class; one of the five predicable conceptions, or sorts of terms.

2. (Biol.) An assemblage of species, having so many fundamental points of structure in common, that in the judgment of competent scientists, they may receive a common substantive name. A genus is not necessarily the lowest definable group of species, for it may often be divided into several subgenera. In proportion as its definition is exact, it is natural genus; if its definition can not be made clear, it is more or less an artificial genus. &hand; Thus in the animal kingdom the lion, leopard, tiger, cat, and panther are species of the Cat kind or genus, while in the vegetable kingdom all the species of oak form a single genus. Some genera are represented by a multitude of species, as Solanum (Nightshade) and Carex (Sedge), others by few, and some by only one known species. Subaltern genus (Logic), a genus which may be a species of a higher genus, as the genus denoted by quadruped, which is also a species of mammal. -- Summum genus [L.] (Logic), the highest genus; a genus which can not be classed as a species, as being .

Genys

Ge"nys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Conys.

Geocentric, Geocentrical

Ge`o*cen"tric (?), Ge`o*cen"tric*al (?), a. [Gr. g\'82ocentrique.] (Astron.) (a) Having reference to the earth as center; in relation to or seen from the earth, -- usually opposed to heliocentric, as seen from the sun; as, the geocentric longitude or latitude of a planet. (b) Having reference to the center of the earth. Geocentric latitude (of place) the angle included between the radius of the earth through the place and the plane of the equator, in distinction from geographic latitude. It is a little less than the geographic latitude.

Geocentrically

Ge`o*cen"tric*al*ly, adv. In a geocentric manner.

Geocronite

Ge*oc"ro*nite (?), n. [Gr. geokronit.] (Min.) A lead-gray or grayish blue mineral with a metallic luster, consisting of sulphur, antimony, and lead, with a small proportion of arsenic.

Geocyclic

Ge`o*cyc"lic (?), a. [Gr.

1. Of, pertaining to, or illustrating, the revolutions of the earth; as, a geocyclic machine.

2. Circling the earth periodically.

Geode

Ge"ode (?), n. [F. g\'82ode, L. geodes, fr. Gr. (Min.) (a) A nodule of stone, containing a cavity, lined with crystals or mineral matter. (b) The cavity in such a nodule.
Page 621

Geodephagous

Ge`o*deph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Living in the earth; -- applied to the ground beetles.

Geodesic, Geodesical

Ge`o*des"ic (?), Ge`o*des"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82od\'82sique.] (Math.) Of or pertaining to geodetic.

Geodesic

Ge`o*des"ic, n. A geodetic line or curve.

Geodesist

Ge*od"e*sist (?), n. One versed in geodesy.

Geodesy

Ge*od"e*sy (?), n. [Gr. g\'82od\'82sie.] (Math.) That branch of applied mathematics which determines, by means of observations and measurements, the figures and areas of large portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure and dimenshions of the earth; or that branch of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account, as in the surveys of States, or of long lines of coast.

Geodetic, Geodetical

Ge`o*det"ic (?), Ge`o*det"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to gebdesy; obtained or determined by the operations of geodesy; engaged in geodesy; geodesic; as, geodetic surveying; geodetic observers. Geodetic line ∨ curve, the shortest line that can be drawn between two points on the elipsoidal surface of the earth; a curve drawn on any given surface so that the osculating plane of the curve at every point shall contain the normal to the surface; the minimum line that can be drawn on any surface between any two points.

Geodetically

Ge`o*det"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geodetic manner; according to geodesy.

Geodetics

Ge`o*det"ics (?), n. Same as Geodesy.

Geodiferous

Ge`o*dif"er*ous (?), a. [Geode + -ferous.] (Min.) Producing geodes; containing geodes.

Geoduck

Ge"o*duck (?), n. [American Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A gigantic clam (Glycimeris generosa) of the Pacific coast of North America, highly valued as an article of food.

Geognosis

Ge`og*no"sis (?), n. [See Geognosy.] Knowledge of the earth. [R.] G. Eliot.

Geognost

Ge"og*nost (?), n. [Cf. F. g\'82ognoste.] One versed in geognosy; a geologist. [R.]

Geognostic, Geognostical

Ge`og*nos"tic (?), Ge`og*nos"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82ognostique.] Of or pertaining to geognosy, or to a knowledge of the structure of the earth; geological. [R.]

Geognosy

Ge*og"no*sy (?), n. [Gr. g\'82ognosie.] That part of geology which treats of the materials of the earth's structure, and its general exterior and interior constitution.

Geogonic, Geogonical

Ge`o*gon"ic (?), Ge`o*gon"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82ogonique.] Of or pertaining to geogony, or to the formation of the earth.

Geogony

Ge*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. g\'82ogonie.] The branch of science which treats of the formation of the earth.

Geographer

Ge*og"ra*pher (?), n. One versed in geography.

Geographic, Geographical

Ge`o*graph"ic (?), Ge`o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [L. geographicus, Gr. g\'82ographique.] Of or pertaining to geography. Geographical distribution. See under Distribution. -- Geographic latitude (of a place), the angle included between a line perpendicular or normal to the level surface of water at rest at the place, and the plane of the equator; differing slightly from the geocentric latitude by reason of the difference between the earth's figure and a true sphere. -- Geographical mile. See under Mile. -- Geographical variation, any variation of a species which is dependent on climate or other geographical conditions.

Geographically

Ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geographical manner or method; according to geography.

Geography

Ge*og"ra*phy (?), n.; pl. Geographies (#). [F. g\'82ographie, l. geographia, fr. Gr. Graphic.]

1. The science which treats of the world and its inhabitants; a description of the earth, or a portion of the earth, including its structure, fetures, products, political divisions, and the people by whom it is inhabited.

2. A treatise on this science. Astronomical, or Mathematical, geography treats of the earth as a planet, of its shape, its size, its lines of latitude and longitude, its zones, and the phenomena due to to the earth's diurnal and annual motions. -- Physical geography treats of the conformation of the earth's surface, of the distribution of land and water, of minerals, plants, animals, etc., and applies the principles of physics to the explanation of the diversities of climate, productions, etc. -- Political geography treats of the different countries into which earth is divided with regard to political and social and institutions and conditions.

Geolatry

Ge*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The worship of the earth. G. W. Cox. The Geological Series. &hand; The science of geology, as treating of the history of the globe, involves a description of the different strata which compose its crust, their order of succession, characteristic forms of animal and vegetable life, etc. The principal subdivisions of geological time, and the most important strata, with their relative positions, are indicated in the following diagram. <-- illustration of geological periods, with rock layers, takes one column from top to bottom of the page here -->

Geologer, Geologian

Ge*ol"o*ger (?), Ge`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. A geologist.

Geologic, Geological

Ge`o*log"ic (?), Ge`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82ologique.] Of or pertaining to geology, or the science of the earth.

Geologically

Ge`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geological manner.

Geologist

Ge*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. G\'82ologiste.] One versed in the science of geology.

Geologize

Ge*ol"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geologized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geologizing (?).] To study geology or make geological investigations in the field; to discourse as a geologist.
During midsummer geologized a little in Shropshire. Darwin.

Geology

Ge*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Geologies (#). [Gr. -logy: cf. F. g\'82ologie.]

1. The science which treats: (a) Of the structure and mineral constitution of the globe; structural geology. (b) Of its history as regards rocks, minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, climates, life, etc.; historical geology. (c) Of the causes and methods by which its structure, features, changes, and conditions have been produced; dynamical geology. See Chart of The Geological Series.

2. A treatise on the science.

Geomalism

Ge*om"a*lism (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The tendency of an organism to respond, during its growth, to the force of gravitation.

Geomancer

Ge"o*man`cer (?), n. One who practices, or is versed in, geomancy.

Geomancy

Ge"o*man`cy (?), n. [OE. geomance, geomancie, F. g\'82omance, g\'82omancie, LL. geomantia, fr. Gr. A kind of divination by means of figures or lines, formed by little dots or points, originally on the earth, and latterly on paper.

Geomantic, Geomantical

Ge`o*man"tic (?), Ge`o*man"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82omantique.] Pertaining or belonging to geomancy.

Geometer

Ge*om"e*ter (?), n. [F. g\'82om\'8atre, L. geometres, geometra, fr. Gr. Meter measure.]

1. One skilled in geometry; a geometrician; a mathematician. I. Watts.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of geometrid moth; a geometrid.

Geometral

Ge*om"e*tral (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82om\'82tral.] Pertaining to geometry. [Obs.]

Geometric, Geometrical

Ge`o*met"ric (?), Ge`o*met"ric*al (?), a. [L. geometricus; Gr. g\'82om\'82trique.] Pertaining to, or according to the rules or principles of, geometry; determined by geometry; as, a geometrical solution of a problem. &hand; Geometric is often used, as opposed to algebraic, to include processes or solutions in which the propositions or principles of geometry are made use of rather than those of algebra. &hand; Geometrical is often used in a limited or strictly technical sense, as opposed to mechanical; thus, a construction or solution is geometrical which can be made by ruler and compasses, i. e., by means of right lines and circles. Every construction or solution which requires any other curve, or such motion of a line or circle as would generate any other curve, is not geometrical, but mechanical. By another distinction, a geometrical solution is one obtained by the rules of geometry, or processes of analysis, and hence is exact; while a mechanical solution is one obtained by trial, by actual measurements, with instruments, etc., and is only approximate and empirical. Geometrical curve. Same as Algebraic curve; -- so called because their different points may be constructed by the operations of elementary geometry. -- Geometric lathe, an instrument for engraving bank notes, etc., with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; -- called also cycloidal engine. -- Geometrical pace, a measure of five feet. -- Geometric pen, an instrument for drawing geometric curves, in which the movements of a pen or pencil attached to a revolving arm of ajustable length may be indefinitely varied by changing the toothed wheels which give motion to the arm. -- Geometrical plane (Persp.), the same as Ground plane . -- Geometrical progression, proportion, ratio. See under Progression, Proportion and Ratio. -- Geometrical radius, in gearing, the radius of the pitch circle of a cogwheel. Knight. -- Geometric spider (Zo\'94l.), one of many species of spiders, which spin a geometrical web. They mostly belong to Epeira and allied genera, as the garden spider. See Garden spider. -- Geometric square, a portable instrument in the form of a square frame for ascertaining distances and heights by measuring angles. -- Geometrical staircase, one in which the stairs are supported by the wall at one end only. -- Geometrical tracery, in architecture and decoration, tracery arranged in geometrical figures.
Page 622

Geometrically

Ge`o*met"ric*al*ly (?), adv. According to the rules or laws of geometry.

Geometrician

Ge*om`e*tri"cian (?), n. One skilled in geometry; a geometer; a mathematician.

Geometrid

Ge*om"e*trid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining or belonging to the Geometrid\'91.

Geometrid

Ge*om"e*trid, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous genera and species of moths, of the family Geometrid\'91; -- so called because their larv\'91 (called loopers, measuring worms, spanworms, and inchworms) creep in a looping manner, as if measuring. Many of the species are injurious to agriculture, as the cankerworms.

Geometrize

Ge*om"e*trize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geometrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geometrizing (?).] To investigate or apprehend geometrical quantities or laws; to make geometrical constructions; to proceed in accordance with the principles of geometry.
Nature geometrizeth, and observeth order in all things. Sir T. Browne.

Geometry

Ge*om"e*try (?), n; pl. Geometries (#) [F. g\'82om\'82trie, L. geometria, fr. Gr. Geometer.]

1. That branch of mathematics which investigates the relations, properties, and measurement of solids, surfaces, lines, and angles; the science which treats of the properties and relations of magnitudes; the science of the relations of space.

2. A treatise on this science. Analytical, ∨ Co\'94rdinate, geometry, that branch of mathematical analysis which has for its object the analytical investigation of the relations and properties of geometrical magnitudes. -- Descriptive geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the graphic solution of all problems involving three dimensions. -- Elementary geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the simple properties of straight lines, circles, plane surface, solids bounded by plane surfaces, the sphere, the cylinder, and the right cone. -- Higher geometry, that pert of geometry which treats of those properties of straight lines, circles, etc., which are less simple in their relations, and of curves and surfaces of the second and higher degrees.

Geophagism

Ge*oph"a*gism (?), n. [Gr. The act or habit of eating earth. See Dirt eating, under Dirt. Dunglison.

Geophagist

Ge*oph"a*gist (?), n. One who eats earth, as dirt, clay, chalk, etc.

Geophagous

Ge*oph"a*gous (?), a. Earth-eating.

Geophila

Ge*oph"i*la (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The division of Mollusca which includes the land snails and slugs.

Geoponic, Geoponical

Ge`o*pon"ic (?), Ge`o*pon"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. g\'82oponique.] Pertaining to tillage of the earth, or agriculture.

Geoponics

Ge`o*pon"ics (?), n. [Gr. g\'82oponique.] The art or science of cultivating the earth; agriculture. Evelin.

Georama

Ge`o*ra"ma (?), n. [Gr. g\'82orama.] A hollow globe on the inner surface of which a map of the world is depicted, to be examined by one standing inside.

Geordie

Geor"die (?), n. A name given by miners to George Stephenson's safety lamp. Raymond.

George

George (?), n. [F. George, or Georges, a proper name, fr. Gr. work. See Work.]

1. A figure of St. George (the patron saint of England) on horseback, appended to the collar of the Order of the Garter. See Garter.

2. A kind of brown loaf. [Obs.] Dryden.

George noble

George" no`ble (?). [So called from the image of St. George on it.] A gold noble of the time of Henry VIII. See Noble, n.

Georgian

Geor"gi*an (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one of the United States.

2. Of or relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of Great Britan; as, the Georgian era. <-- five? -->

Georgian

Geor"gi*an, n. A native of, or dweller in, Georgia.

Georgic

Geor"gic (?), n. [L. georgicum (sc. carmen), and georgica, pl., Gr. g\'82orgiques, pl. See Georgic, a.] A rural poem; a poetical composition on husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands, etc.; as, the Georgics of Virgil.

Georgic, Georgical

Geor"gic (?), Geor"gic*al (?), a. [L. georgicus, Gr. g\'82orgique. See George.] Relating to agriculture and rural affairs.

Georgium Sidus

Geor"gi*um Si`dus (?). [NL., the star of George (III. of England).] (Astron.) The planet Uranus, so named by its discoverer, Sir W. Herschel.

Geoscopy

Ge*os"co*py (?), n. [Gr. -scopy: cf. F. g\'82oscopie.] Knowledge of the earth, ground, or soil, obtained by inspection. Chambers.

Geoselenic

Ge`o*se*len"ic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to the earth and moon; belonging to the joint action or mutual relations of the earth and moon; as, geoselenic phenomena.

Geostatic

Ge`o*stat"ic (?), a. [Gr. static.] (Civil Engin.) Relating to the pressure exerted by earth or similar substance. Geostatic arch, an arch having a form adapted to sustain pressure similar to that exerted by earth. Rankine.

Geosynclinal

Ge`o*syn*cli"nal (?), n. [Gr. synclinal.] (Geol.) the downward bend or subsidence of the earth's crust, which allows of the gradual accumulation of sediment, and hence forms the first step in the making of a mountain range; -- opposed to geanticlinal.

Geothermometer

Ge`o*ther*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. thermometer.] (Physics) A thermometer specially constructed for measuring temperetures at a depth below the surface of the ground.

Geotic

Ge*ot"ic (?) a. [Gr. Belonging to earth; terrestrial. [Obs.] Bailey.

Geotropic

Ge`o*trop"ic (?), a. [See Geotropism.] (Biol.) Relating to, or showing, geotropism.

Geotropism

Ge*ot"ro*pism (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) A disposition to turn or incline towards the earth; the influence of gravity in determining the direction of growth of an organ. &hand; In plants, organs which grow towards the center of the earth are said to be positively geotropic, and those growing in the opposite direction negatively geotropic. In animals, geotropism is supposed by some to have an influence either direct or indirect on the plane of division of the ovum.

Gephyrea

Ge*phyr"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of marine Annelida, in which the body is imperfectly, or not at all, annulated externally, and is mostly without set\'91.

Gephyrean

Ge*phyr"e*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Gephyrea. -- n. One of the Gerphyrea.

Gephyreoid

Ge*phyr"e*oid (?), a. & n. [Gephyrea + -oid.] Gephyrean.

Gepound

Ge*pound" (?), n. See Gipoun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gerah

Ge"rah (?), n. [Heb. g, lit., a bean.] (Jewish Antiq.) A small coin and weight; 1-20th of a shekel. &hand; The silver gerah is supposed to have been worth about three cents; the gold about fifty-four cents; the weight equivalent to about thirteen grains.

Geraniaceous

Ge*ra`ni*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of pants (Geraniace\'91) which includes the genera Geranium, Pelargonium, and many others.

Geraniine, Geranine

Ge*ra"ni*ine (?), Ger"a*nine (?), n. [See Geranium.]

1. (Med.) A valuable astringet obtained from the root of the Geranium maculatum or crane's-bill.

2. (Chem.) A liquid terpene, obtained from the crane's-bill (Geranium maculatum), and having a peculiar mulberry odor. [Written also geranium.]

Geranium

Ge*ra"ni*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. g\'82ranium. See Crane, n.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having a beaklike tours or receptacle, around which the seed capsules are arranged, and membranous projections, or stipules, at the joints. Most of the species have showy flowers and a pungent odor. Called sometimes crane's-bill.

2. (Floriculture) A cultivated pelargonium. &hand; Many plants referred to the genus Geranium by the earlier botanists are now separated from it under the name of Pelargonium, which includes all the commonly cultivated "geraniums", mostly natives of South Africa.

Gerant

Ge"rant (?), n. [F. g\'82rant.] The manager or acting partner of a company, joint-stock association, etc.

Gerbe

Gerbe (?), n. [F., prop. a sheaf.] (Pyrotechny) A kind of ornamental firework. Farrow.

Gerbil, Gerbille

Ger"bil (?), Ger`bille" (?), n. [F. gerbille. Cf. Jerboa.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus Gerbillus. In their leaping powers they resemble the jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe.

Gerboa

Ger*bo"a (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The jerboa.

Gere

Gere (?), n. Gear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gerent

Ge"rent (?), a. [L. gerens, p. pr. of gerere to bear, manage.] Bearing; carrying. [Obs.] Bailey.

Gerfalcon

Ger"fal`con (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gyrfalcon.

Gerful

Ger"ful (?), a. [Cf. OF. girer to twirl, E. gyrate.] Changeable; capricious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gerland, Gerlond

Ger"land (?), Ger"lond
, n. A garland. [Obs.]

Gerlind

Ger"lind (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A salmon returning from the sea the second time. [Prov. Eng.]

Germ

Germ (?), n. [F. germe, fr. L. germen, germinis, sprout, but, germ. Cf. Germen, Germane.]

1. (Biol.) That which is to develop a new individual; as, the germ of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the earliest form under which an organism appears.

In the entire process in which a new being originates . . . two distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of generation by which the germ is produced; and the act of development, by which that germ is evolved into the complete organism. Carpenter.

2. That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; as, the germ of civil liberty. Disease germ (Biol.), a name applied to certain tiny bacterial organisms or their spores, such as Anthrax bacillus and the Micrococcus of fowl cholera, which have been demonstrated to be the cause of certain diseases. See Germ theory (bellow). -- Germ cell (Biol.), the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which the plant or animal arises. At one time a part of the body of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and by a process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass of cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the parent. See Ovum. -- Germ gland. (Anat.) See Gonad. -- Germ stock (Zo\'94l.), a special process on which buds are developed in certain animals. See Doliolum. -- Germ theory (Biol.), the theory that living organisms can be produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or seeds. See Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis. As applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that the zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of which are either contained in the organism itself, or transferred through the air or water. See Fermentation theory.

Germ

Germ (?), v. i. To germinate. [R.] J. Morley.

Germain

Ger*main" (?), a. [Obs.] See Germane.

German

Ger"man (?), a. [OE. german, germain, F. germain, fr. L. germanus full, own (said of brothers and sisters who have the same parents); akin to germen germ. Cf. Germ, Germane.] Nearly related; closely akin.
Wert thou a leopard, thou wert german to the lion. Shak.
Brother german. See Brother german. -- Cousins german. See the Note under Cousin.

German

Ger"man, n.; pl. Germans (#) [L. Germanus, prob. of Celtis origin.]

1. A native or one of the people of Germany.

2. The German language.

3. (a) A round dance, often with a waltz movement, abounding in capriciosly involved figures. (b) A social party at which the german is danced. High German, the Teutonic dialect of Upper or Southern Germany, -- comprising Old High German, used from the 8th to the 11th century; Middle H. G., from the 12th to the 15th century; and Modern or New H. G., the language of Luther's Bible version and of modern German literature. The dialects of Central Germany, the basis of the modern literary language, are often called Middle German, and the Southern German dialects Upper German; but High German is also used to cover both groups. -- Low German, the language of Northern Germany and the Netherlands, -- including Friesic; Anglo-Saxon or Saxon; Old Saxon; Dutch or Low Dutch, with its dialect, Flemish; and Plattdeutsch (called also Low German), spoken in many dialects.

German

Ger"man, a. [L. Germanus. See German, n.] Of or pertaining to Germany. German Baptists. See Dunker. -- German bit, a wood-boring tool, having a long elliptical pod and a scew point. -- German carp (Zo\'94l.), the crucian carp. -- German millet (Bot.), a kind of millet (Setaria Italica, var.), whose seed is sometimes used for food. -- German paste, a prepared food for caged birds. -- German process (Metal.), the process of reducing copper ore in a blast furnace, after roasting, if necessary. Raymond. -- German sarsaparilla, a substitute for sarsaparilla extract. -- German sausage, a polony, or gut stuffed with meat partly cooked. -- German silver (Chem.), a silver-white alloy, hard and tough, but malleable and ductile, and quite permanent in the air. It contains nickel, copper, and zinc in varying proportions, and was originally made from old copper slag at Henneberg. A small amount of iron is sometimes added to make it whiter and harder. It is essentially identical with the Chinese alloy packfong. It was formerly much used for tableware, knife handles, frames, cases, bearings of machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded by other white alloys. -- German steel (Metal.), a metal made from bog iron ore in a forge, with charcoal for fuel. -- German text (Typog.), a character resembling modern German type, used in English printing for ornamental headings, etc., as in the words, &hand; This line is German Text. -- German tinder. See Amadou.

Germander

Ger*man"der (?), n. [OE. germaunder, F. germandr\'82e, It. calamandrea, L. chamaedrys, fr. Gr.Humble, and Tree.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Teucrium (esp. Teucrium Cham\'91drys or wall germander), mintlike herbs and low shrubs. American germander, Teucrium Canadense. -- Germander chickweed, Veronica agrestis. -- Water germander, Teucrium Scordium. -- Wood germander, Teucrium Scorodonia.

Germane

Ger*mane" (?), a. [See German akin, nearly related.] Literally, near akin; hence, closely allied; appropriate or fitting; relevant.
The phrase would be more germane to the matter. Shak.
[An amendment] must be germane. Barclay (Digest).

Germanic

Ger*man"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, germanium.

Germanic

Ger*man"ic, a. [L. Germanicus: cf. F. germanique. See German, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to Germany; as, the Germanic confederacy.

2. Teutonic. [A loose sense]

Germanism

Ger"man*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. germanisme.]

1. An idiom of the German language.

2. A characteristic of the Germans; a characteristic German mode, doctrine, etc.; rationalism. J. W. Alexander.

Germanium

Ger*ma"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Germania Germany.] (Chem.) A rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore (argyrodite) at Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white metal, chemically intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general identical with the predicted ekasilicon. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight 72.3.

Germanization

Ger`man*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of Germanizing. M. Arnold.

Germanize

Ger"man*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Germanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Germanizing (?).] To make German, or like what is distinctively German; as, to Germanize a province, a language, a society.

Germanize

Ger"man*ize, v. i. To reason or write after the manner of the Germans.

Germarium

Ger*ma"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Germ.] (Zo\'94l.) An organ in which the ova are developed in certain Turbellaria.
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Germen

Ger"men (?), n.; pl. E. Germens (#), L. Germina (#). [L.] See Germ.

Germicidal

Ger"mi*ci`dal (?), a. Germicide.

Germicide

Ger"mi*cide (?), a. [Germ +L. caedere to kill.] (Biol.) Destructive to germs; -- applied to any agent which has a destructive action upon living germs, particularly bacteria, or bacterial germs, which are considered the cause of many infectious diseases. -- n. A germicide agent.

Germinal

Ger"mi*nal (?), a. [See Germ.] Pertaining or belonging to a germ; as, the germinal vesicle. Germinal layers (Biol.), the two layers of cells, the ectoblast and entoblast, which form respectively the outer covering and inner wall of the gastrula. A third layer of cells, the mesoblast, which is formed later and lies between these two, is sometimes included. -- Germinal membrane. (Biol.) Same as Blastoderm. -- Germinal spot (Biol.), the nucleolus of the ovum. -- Germinal vesicle, (Biol.) , the nucleus of the ovum of animals.

Germinal

Ger`mi*nal" (?), n. [F. See Germ .] The seventh month of the French republican calendar [1792 -- 1806]. It began March 21 and ended April 19. See Vend\'90miaire.

Germinant

Ger"mi*nant (?), a. [L. germinans, p. pr.] Sprouting; sending forth germs or buds.

Germinate

Ger"mi*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Germinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Germinating.] [L. germinatus, p. p. of germinare to sprout, fr. germen. See Germ.] To sprout; to bud; to shoot; to begin to vegetate, as a plant or its seed; to begin to develop, as a germ. Bacon.

Germinate

Ger"mi*nate, v. t. To cause to sprout. Price (1610).

Germination

Ger`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. germinatio: cf. F. germination.] The process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or growth in a seed or plant; the first development of germs, either animal or vegetable. Germination apparatus, an apparatus for malting grain.

Germinative

Ger"mi*na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. germinatif.] Pertaining to germination; having power to bud or develop. Germinative spot, Germinative vesicle. (Biol.) Same as Germinal spot, Germinal vesicle, under Germinal.

Germiparity

Ger`mi*par"i*ty (?), n. [Germ + L. parere to produce.] (Biol.) Reproduction by means of germs.

Germless

Germ"less, a. Without germs.

Germogen

Ger"mo*gen (?), n. [Germ + -gen.] (Biol.) (a) A polynuclear mass of protoplasm, not divided into separate cells, from which certain ova are developed. Balfour. (b) The primitive cell in certain embryonic forms. Balfour.

Germ plasm

Germ" plasm` (?), (Biol.) See Plasmogen, and Idioplasm.

Germule

Germ"ule (?), n. [Dim. fr. germ.] (Biol.) A small germ.

Gern

Gern (?), v. t. [See Grin.] To grin or yawn. [Obs.] "[/He] gaped like a gulf when he did gern." Spenser.

Gerner

Ger"ner (?), n. A garner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gerocomia

Ger`o*co"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] See Gerocomy.

Gerocomical

Ger`o*com"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to gerocomy. Dr. John Smith.

Gerocomy

Ge*roc"o*my (?), n. [F. g\'82rocomie, fr. Gr. That part of medicine which treats of regimen for old people.

Gerontes

Ge*ron"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) Magistrates in Sparta, who with the ephori and kings, constituted the supreme civil authority.

Gerontocracy

Ger`on*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. Government by old men. [R.] Gladstone.

Geropigia

Ger`o*pig"i*a (?), n. [Pg. geropiga.] A mixture composed of unfermented grape juice, brandy, sugar, etc., for adulteration of wines. [Written also jerupigia.]

-gerous

-ger*ous (?). [L. -ger, fr. gerere to bear, carry. See Jest.] A suffix signifying bearing, producing; as, calcigerous; dentigerous.

Gerrymander

Ger`ry*man"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gerrymandered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gerrymandering.] To divide (a State) into districts for the choice of representatives, in an unnatural and unfair way, with a view to give a political party an advantage over its opponent. [Political Cant, U. S.] &hand; This was done in Massachusetts at a time when Elbridge Gerry was governor, and was attributed to his influence, hence the name; though it is now known that he was opposed to the measure. Bartlett.

Gerund

Ger"und (?), n. [L. gerundium, fr. gerere to bear, carry, perform. See Gest a deed, Jest.] (Lat. Gram.)

1. A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases of the singular number, and governing cases like a participle.

2. (AS. Gram.) A verbal noun ending in -e, preceded by to and usually denoting purpose or end; -- called also the dative infinitive; as, "Ic h\'91bbe mete t\'93 etanne" (I have meat to eat.) In Modern English the name has been applied to verbal or participal nouns in -ing denoting a transitive action; e. g., by throwing a stone.

Gerundial

Ge*run"di*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a gerund; as, a gerundial use.

Gerundive

Ge*run"dive (?), a. [L. gerundivus.] Pertaining to, or partaking of, the nature of the gerund; gerundial. -- n. (Lat. Gram.) The future passive participle; as, amandus, i. e., to be loved.

Gerundively

Ge*run"dive*ly, adv. In the manner of a gerund; as, or in place of, a gerund.

Gery

Ger"y (?), a. [See Gerful.] Changeable; fickle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gesling

Ges"ling (?), n. A gosling. [Prov. Eng.]

Gesse

Gesse (?), v. t. & i. To guess. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gest

Gest (?), n. A guest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gest

Gest (?), n. [OF. geste exploit. See Jest.]

1. Something done or achieved; a deed or an action; an adventure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. An action represented in sports, plays, or on the stage; show; ceremony. [Obs.] Mede.

3. A tale of achievements or adventures; a stock story. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

4. Gesture; bearing; deportment. [Archaic]

Through his heroic grace and honorable gest. Spenser.

Gest

Gest (?), n. [Cf. Gist a resting place.]

1. A stage in traveling; a stop for rest or lodging in a journey or progress; a rest. [Obs.] Kersey.

2. A roll recting the several stages arranged for a royal progress. Many of them are extant in the herald's office. [Obs.] Hanmer.

Gestant

Ges"tant (?), a. [L. gestans, p. pr. of gestare.] Bearing within; laden; burdened; pregnant. [R.] "Clouds gestant with heat." Mrs. Browning.

Gestation

Ges*ta"tion (?), n. [L. gestatio a bearing, carrying, fr. gestare to bear, carry, intens. fr. gerere, gestum, to bear: cf. F. gestation. See Gest deed, Jest.]

1. The act of wearing (clothes or ornaments). [Obs.]

2. The act of carrying young in the womb from conception to delivery; pregnancy.

3. Exercise in which one is borne or carried, as on horseback, or in a carriage, without the exertion of his own powers; passive exercise. Dunglison.

Gestatory

Ges"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. gestatorius that serves for carrying: cf. F. gestatoire.]

1. Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy.

2. Capable of being carried or worn. [Obs. or R.]

Geste

Geste (?), v. i. To tell stories or gests. [Obs.]

Gestic

Ges"tic (?), a. [See Gest a deed, Gesture.]

1. Pertaining to deeds or feats of arms; legendary.

And the gay grandsire, skilled in gestic lore. Goldsmith.

2. Relating to bodily motion; consisting of gestures; -- said especially with reference to dancing.

Carried away by the enthusiasm of the gestic art. Sir W. Scott.

Gesticulate

Ges*tic"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gesticulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gesticulating.] [L. gesticulatus, p. p. of gesticulari to gesticulate, fr. gesticulus a mimic gesture, gesticulation, dim. of gestus gesture, fr. gerere, gestum, to bear, carry, peform. See Gestic.] To make gestures or motions, as in speaking; to use postures. Sir T. Herbert.

Gesticulate

Ges*tic"u*late, v. t. To represent by gesture; to act. [R.] B. Jonson.

Gesticulation

Ges*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. gesticulatio: cf. F. gesticulation.]

1. The act of gesticulating, or making gestures to express passion or enforce sentiments.

2. A gesture; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking, or in representing action or passion, and enforcing arguments and sentiments. Macaulay.

3. Antic tricks or motions. B. Jonson.

Gesticulator

Ges*tic"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who gesticulates.

Gesticulatory

Ges*tic"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Representing by, or belonging to, gestures. T. Warton.

Gestour

Ges"tour (?), n. [See Gest a deed.] A reciter of gests or legendary tales; a story-teller. [Obs.]
Minstrels and gestours for to tell tales. Chaucer.

Gestural

Ges"tur*al (?), a. Relating to gesture.

Gesture

Ges"ture (?), n. [LL. gestura mode of action, fr. L. gerere, gestum, to bear, behave, perform, act. See Gest a deed.]

1. Manner of carrying the body; position of the body or limbs; posture. [Obs.]

Accubation, or lying down at meals, was a gesture used by many nations. Sir T. Browne.

2. A motion of the body or limbs expressive of sentiment or passion; any action or posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to enforce or emphasize an argument, assertion, or opinion.

Humble and reverent gestures. Hooker.
Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye, In every gesture dignity and love. Milton.

Gesture

Ges"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gestured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gesturing.] To accompany or illustrate with gesture or action; to gesticulate.
It is not orderly read, nor gestured as beseemeth. Hooker.

Gesture

Ges"ture, v. i. To make gestures; to gesticulate.
The players . . . gestured>/qex> not undecently withal. Holland.

Gestureless

Ges"ture*less, a. Free from gestures.

Gesturement

Ges"ture*ment (?), n. Act of making gestures; gesturing. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Get

Get (?), n. Jet, the mineral. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Get

Get (?), n. [OF. get.]

1. Fashion; manner; custom. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Artifice; contrivance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Get

Get (?), v. t. [imp. Got (?) (Obs. Gat (); p. p. Got (Obsolescent Gotten (?)); p. pr. & vb. n. Getting.] [OE. geten, AS. gitan, gietan (in comp.); akin to Icel. geta, Goth. bigitan to find, L. prehendere to seize, take, Gr. Comprehend, Enterprise, Forget, Impregnable, Prehensile.]

1. To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of; to acquire; to earn; to obtain as a price or reward; to come by; to win, by almost any means; as, to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and economy; to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and economy; to get land by purchase, etc.

2. Hence, with have and had, to come into or be in possession of; to have. Johnson.

Thou hast got the face of man. Herbert.

3. To beget; to procreate; to generate.

I had rather to adopt a child than get it. Shak.

4. To obtain mental possession of; to learn; to commit to memory; to memorize; as to get a lesson; also with out; as, to get out one's Greek lesson.

It being harder with him to get one sermon by heart, than to pen twenty. Bp. Fell.

5. To prevail on; to induce; to persuade.

Get him to say his prayers. Shak.

6. To procure to be, or to cause to be in any state or condition; -- with a following participle.

Those things I bid you do; get them dispatched. Shak.

7. To betake; to remove; -- in a reflexive use.

Get thee out from this land. Gen. xxxi. 13.
He . . . got himself . . . to the strong town of Mega. Knolles.
&hand; Get, as a transitive verb, is combined with adverbs implying motion, to express the causing to, or the effecting in, the object of the verb, of the kind of motion indicated by the preposition; thus, to get in, to cause to enter, to bring under shelter; as, to get in the hay; to get out, to make come forth, to extract; to get off, to take off, to remove; to get together, to cause to come together, to collect. To get by heart, to commit to memory. -- To get the better of, To get the best of, to obtain an advantage over; to surpass; to subdue. -- To get up, to cause to be established or to exit; to prepare; to arrange; to construct; to invent; as, to get up a celebration, a machine, a book, an agitation. Syn. -- To obtain; gain; win; acquire. See Obtain.

Get

Get (?), v. i.

1. To make acquisition; to gain; to profit; to receive accessions; to be increased.

We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily get. Shak.

2. To arrive at, or bring one's self into, a state, condition, or position; to come to be; to become; -- with a following adjective or past participle belonging to the subject of the verb; as, to get sober; to get awake; to get beaten; to get elected.

To get rid of fools and scoundrels. Pope.
His chariot wheels get hot by driving fast. Coleridge.
&hand; It [get] gives to the English language a middle voice, or a power of verbal expression which is neither active nor passive. Thus we say to get acquitted, beaten, confused, dressed. Earle. &hand; Get, as an intransitive verb, is used with a following preposition, or adverb of motion, to indicate, on the part of the subject of the act, movement or action of the kind signified by the preposition or adverb; or, in the general sense, to move, to stir, to make one's way, to advance, to arrive, etc.; as, to get away, to leave to escape; to disengage one's self from; to get down, to descend, esp. with effort, as from a literal or figurative elevation; to get along, to make progress; hence, to prosper, succeed, or fare; to get in, to enter; to get out, to extricate one's self, to escape; to get through, to traverse; also, to finish, to be done; to get to, to arrive at, to reach; to get off, to alight, to descend from, to dismount; also, to escape, to come off clear; to get together, to assemble, to convene. To get ahead, to advance; to prosper. -- To get along, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. -- To get a mile (or other distance), to pass over it in traveling. -- To get among, to go or come into the company of; to become one of a number. -- To get asleep, to fall asleep. -- To get astray, to wander out of the right way. -- To get at, to reach; to make way to. To get away with, to carry off; to capture; hence, to get the better of; to defeat. -- To get back, to arrive at the place from which one departed; to return. -- To get before, to arrive in front, or more forward. -- To get behind, to fall in the rear; to lag. -- To get between, to arrive between. -- To get beyond, to pass or go further than; to exceed; to surpass. "Three score and ten is the age of man, a few get beyond it." Thackeray. -- To get clear, to disengage one's self; to be released, as from confinement, obligation, or burden; also, to be freed from danger or embarrassment. -- To get drunk, to become intoxicated. -- To get forward, to proceed; to advance; also, to prosper; to advance in wealth. -- To get home, to arrive at one's dwelling, goal, or aim. -- To get into. (a) To enter, as, "she prepared to get into the coach." Dickens. (b) To pass into, or reach; as, " as, " a language has got into the inflated state." Keary. -- To get loose ∨ free, to disengage one's self; to be released from confinement. -- To get near, to approach within a small distance. -- To get on, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. -- To get over. (a) To pass over, surmount, or overcome, as an obstacle or difficulty. (b) To recover from, as an injury, a calamity. -- To get through. (a) To pass through something. (b) To finish what one was doing. -- To get up. (a) To rise; to arise, as from a bed, chair, etc. (b) To ascend; to climb, as a hill, a tree, a flight of stairs, etc.

Get

Get, n. Offspring; progeny; as, the get of a stallion.

Geten

Get"en (?), obs. p. p. of Get. Chaucer.

Geth

Geth (?), the original third pers. sing. pres. of Go. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Get-penny

Get"-pen`ny (?), n. Something which gets or gains money; a successful affair. [Colloq.] Chapman.

Gettable

Get"ta*ble (?), a. That may be obtained. [R.]

Getter

Get"ter (?), n. One who gets, gains, obtains, acquires, begets, or procreates.

Getterup

Get"ter*up`, n. One who contrives, makes, or arranges for, anything, as a book, a machine, etc. [Colloq.]
A diligent getter-up of miscellaneous works. W. Irving.

Getting

Get"ting (?), n.

1. The act of obtaining or acquiring; acquisition.

With all thy getting, get understanding. Prov. iv. 7.

2. That which is got or obtained; gain; profit.

Get-up

Get"-up (?), n. General composition or structure; manner in which the parts of a thing are combined; make-up; style of dress, etc. [Colloq.] H. Kingsley.

Gewgaw

Gew"gaw (?), n. [OE. gigawe, gugawe, gewgaude, prob. the same word as OE. givegove gewgaw, apparently a reduplicated form fr. AS. gifan to give; cf. also F. joujou plaything, and E. gaud, n. See Give, and cf. Giffgaff.] A showy trifle; a toy; a splendid plaything; a pretty but worthless bauble.
A heavy gewgaw called a crown. Dryden.

Gewgaw

Gew"gaw, a. Showy; unreal; pretentious.
Seeing his gewgaw castle shine. Tennyson.

Geyser

Gey"ser (?), n. [Icel. geysir, fr. geysa to rush furiously, fr. gj to gush. Cf. Gush.] A boiling spring which throws forth at frequent intervals jets of water, mud, etc., driven up by the expansive power of steam. &hand; Geysers were first known in Iceland, and later in New Zealand. In the Yellowstone region in the United States they are numerous, and some of them very powerful, throwing jets of boiling water and steam to a height of 200 feet. They are grouped in several areas called geyser basins. The mineral matter, or geyserite, with which geyser water is charged, forms geyser cones about the orifice, often of great size and beauty.
Page 624

Geyserite

Gey"ser*ite (?), n. [From Geyser.] (Min.) A loose hydrated form of silica, a variety of opal, deposited in concretionary cauliflowerlike masses, around some hot springs and geysers.

Gharry

Ghar"ry (?), n. [Hind. g\'be.] Any wheeled cart or carriage. [India]

Ghast

Ghast (?), v. t. [OE. gasten. See Ghastly, a.] To strike aghast; to affright. [Obs.]
Ghasted by the noise I made. Full suddenly he fled. Shak.

Ghastful

Ghast"ful (?), a. [See Ghastly, a.] Fit to make one aghast; dismal. [Obs.] -- Ghast"ful*ly, adv.

Ghastliness

Ghast"li*ness (?), n. The state of being ghastly; a deathlike look.

Ghastly

Ghast"ly (?), a. [Compar. Ghastlier (?); superl. Ghastliest.] [OE. gastlich, gastli, fearful, causing fear, fr. gasten to terrify, AS. g\'91stan. Cf. Aghast, Gast, Gaze, Ghostly.]

1. Like a ghost in appearance; deathlike; pale; pallid; dismal.

Each turned his face with a ghastly pang. Coleridge.
His face was so ghastly that it could scarcely be recognized. Macaulay.

2. Horrible; shocking; dreadful; hideous.

Mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail. Milton.

Ghastly

Ghast"ly, adv. In a ghastly manner; hideously.
Staring full ghastly like a strangled man. Shak.

Ghastness

Ghast"ness, n. Ghastliness. [Obs.] Shak.

Ghat Ghaut

Ghat Ghaut (?), n. [Hind. gh\'bet.]

1. A pass through a mountain. [India] J. D. Hooker.

2. A range of mountains. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind. ).

3. Stairs descending to a river; a landing place; a wharf. [India] Malcom.

Ghawazi

Gha*wa"zi (?), n. pl. [Etymol. uncertain.] Egyptian dancing girls, of a lower sort than the almeh.

Gheber Ghebre

Ghe"ber Ghe"bre (?), n. [Pers. ghebr: cf. F. Gu\'8abre. Cf. Giaour.] A worshiper of fire; a Zoroastrian; a Parsee.

Ghee

Ghee (?), n. [Hind. gh\'c6 clarified butter, Skr. gh.] Butter clarified by boiling, and thus converted into a kind of oil. [India] Malcom.

Gherkin

Gher"kin (?), n. [D. agurkje, a dim. akin to G. gurke, Dan. ag; cf. Pol. og\'a2rek, Bohem. okurka, LGr. al-khiy\'ber, Per. khiy\'ber.]

1. (Bot.) A kind of small, prickly cucumber, much used for pickles.

2. (Zo\'94l.) See Sea gherkin.

Ghess

Ghess (?), v. t. & i. See Guess. [Obs.]

Ghetto

Ghet"to (?), n. [It.] The Jews'quarter in an Italian town or city.
I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell. Evelyn.
<-- 2. by extension, any section of a town inhabited predominantly by members of a specific ethnic, national or racial group, such segregation usually arising from social or economic pressure. 3. (fig.) any isolated group of people. 4. (fig) any group isolated by external pressures, with an implication of inferiority. Ghettoize v. -->

Ghibelline

Ghib"el*line (?), n. [It. Ghibellino; of German origin.] (It. Hist.) One of a faction in Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which favored the German emperors, and opposed the Guelfs, or adherents of the poses. Brande & C.

Ghole

Ghole (?), n. See Ghoul.

Ghost

Ghost (?), n. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. g\'best breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]

1. The spirit; the soul of man. [Obs.]

Then gives her grieved ghost thus to lament. Spenser.

2. The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a specter.

The mighty ghosts of our great Harrys rose. Shak.
I thought that I had died in sleep, And was a blessed ghost. Coleridge.

3. Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image; a phantom; a glimmering; as, not a ghost of a chance; the ghost of an idea.

Each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Poe.

4. A false image formed in a telescope by reflection from the surfaces of one or more lenses. Ghost moth (Zo\'94l.), a large European moth (Hepialus humuli); so called from the white color of the male, and the peculiar hovering flight; -- called also great swift. -- Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit; the Paraclete; the Comforter; (Theol.) the third person in the Trinity. -- To give up ∨ yield up the ghost, to die; to expire.

And he gave up the ghost full softly. Chaucer.
Jacob . . . yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people. Gen. xlix. 33.

Ghost

Ghost, v. i. To die; to expire. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Ghost

Ghost, v. t. To appear to or haunt in the form of an apparition. [Obs.] Shak.

Ghostfish

Ghost"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A pale ubspotted variety of the wrymouth.

Ghostless

Ghost"less, a. Without life or spirit. [R.]

Ghostlike

Ghost"like` (?), a. Like a ghost; ghastly.

Ghostliness

Ghost"li*ness, n. The quality of being ghostly.

Ghostly

Ghost"ly, a. [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. g\'bestlic. See Ghost.]

1. Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a ghostly confessor.

Save and defend us from our ghostly enemies. Book of Common Prayer [Ch. of Eng. ]
One of the gostly children of St. Jerome. Jer. Taylor.

2. Of or pertaining to apparitions. Akenside.

Ghostly

Ghost"ly, adv. Spiritually; mystically. Chaucer.

Ghostology

Ghost*ol"o*gy (?), n. Ghost lore. [R.]
It seemed even more unaccountable than if it had been a thing of ghostology and witchcraft. Hawthorne.

Ghoul

Ghoul (?), n. [Per. gh an imaginary sylvan demon, supposed to devour men and animals: cf. Ar. gh, F. goule.] An imaginary evil being among Eastern nations, which was supposed to feed upon human bodies. [Written also ghole .] Moore.

Ghoulish

Ghoul"ish, a. Characteristic of a ghoul; vampirelike; hyenalike.

Ghyll

Ghyll (?), n. A ravine. See Gill a woody glen. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wordsworth.

Giallolino

Gial`lo*li"no (?), n. [It., from giallo yellow, prob. fr. OHG. gelo, G. gelb; akin to E. yellow.] A term variously employed by early writers on art, though commonly designating the yellow oxide of lead, or massicot. Fairholt.

Giambeux

Giam"beux (?), n. pl. [See Jambeux.] Greaves; armor for the legs. [Obs.] Spenser.

Giant

Gi"ant (?), n. [OE. giant, geant, geaunt, OF. jaiant, geant, F. g\'82ant, L. gigas, fr. Gr. gender, genesis. See Gender, and cf. Gigantic.]

1. A man of extraordinari bulk and stature.

Giants of mighty bone and bold emprise. Milton.

2. A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or intellectual.

3. Any animal, plant, or thing, of extraordinary size or power. Giant's Causeway, a vast collection of basaltic pillars, in the county of Antrim on the northern coast of Ireland.

Giant

Gi"ant, a. Like a giant; extraordinary in size, strength, or power; as, giant brothers; a giant son. Giant cell. (Anat.) See Myeloplax. -- Giant clam (Zo\'94l.), a bivalve shell of the genus Tridacna, esp. T. gigas, which sometimes weighs 500 pounds. The shells are sometimes used in churches to contain holy water. -- Giant heron (Zo\'94l.), a very large African heron (Ardeomega goliath). It is the largest heron known. -- Giant kettle, a pothole of very large dimensions, as found in Norway in connection with glaciers. See Pothole. -- Giant powder. See Nitroglycerin. -- Giant puffball (Bot.), a fungus (Lycoperdon giganteum), edible when young, and when dried used for stanching wounds. -- Giant salamander (Zo\'94l.), a very large aquatic salamander (Megalobatrachus maximus), found in Japan. It is the largest of living Amphibia, becoming a yard long. -- Giant squid (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of very large squids, belonging to Architeuthis and allied genera. Some are over forty feet long.

Giantess

Gi"ant*ess, n. A woman of extraordinary size.

Giantize

Gi"ant*ize (?), v. i. [Cf. F. g\'82antiser.] To play the giant. [R.] Sherwood.

Giantly

Gi"ant*ly, a. Appropriate to a giant. [Obs.] Usher.

Giantry

Gi"ant*ry (?), n. The race of giants. [R.] Cotgrave.

Giantship

Gi"ant*ship, n. The state, personality, or character, of a giant; -- a compellation for a giant.
His giantship is gone somewhat crestfallen. Milton.

Giaour

Giaour (?), n. [Turk. giaur an infidel, Per. gawr, another form of ghebr fire worshiper. Cf. Kaffir, Gheber .] An infidel; -- a term applied by Turks to disbelievers in the Mohammedan religion, especially Christrians. Byron.

Gib

Gib (?), n. [Abbreviated fr. Gilbert, the name of the cat in the old story of "Reynard the Fox". in the "Romaunt of the Rose", etc.] A male cat; a tomcat. [Obs.]

Gib

Gib, v. i. To act like a cat. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Gib

Gib (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A piece or slip of metal or wood, notched or otherwise, in a machine or structure, to hold other parts in place or bind them together, or to afford a bearing surface; -- usually held or adjusted by means of a wedge, key, or screw. Gib and key, ∨ Gib and cotter (Steam Engine), the fixed wedge or gib, and the driving wedge,key, or cotter, used for tightening the strap which holds the brasses at the end of a connecting rod.

Gib

Gib, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gibbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbing.] To secure or fasten with a gib, or gibs; to provide with a gib, or gibs. Gibbed lathe, an engine lathe in which the tool carriage is held down to the bed by a gib instead of by a weight.

Gib

Gib (?), v. i. To balk. See Jib, v. i. Youatt.

Gibbartas

Gib*bar"tas (?), n. [Cf. Ar. jebb\'ber giant; or L. gibber humpbacked: cf. F. gibbar.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several finback whales of the North Atlantic; -- called also Jupiter whale. [Written also jubartas, gubertas, dubertus.]

Gibber

Gib"ber (?), n. [From Gib to balk.] A balky horse. Youatt.

Gibber

Gib"ber (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gibbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbering.] [Akin to jabber, and gabble.] To speak rapidly and inarticulately. Shak.

Gibberish

Gib"ber*ish (?), n. [From Gibber, v. i.] Rapid and inarticulate talk; unintelligible language; unmeaning words; jargon.
He, like a gypsy, oftentimes would go; All kinds of gibberish he had learnt to known. Drayton.
Such gibberish as children may be heard amusing themselves with. Hawthorne.

Gibberish

Gib"ber*ish, a. Unmeaning; as, gibberish language.

Gibbet

Gib"bet (?), n. [OE. gibet, F. gibet, in OF. also club, fr. LL. gibetum;; cf. OF. gibe sort of sickle or hook, It. giubbetto gibbet, and giubbetta, dim. of giubba mane, also, an under waistcoat, doublet, Prov. It. gibba (cf. Jupon); so that it perhaps originally signified a halter, a rope round the neck of malefactors; or it is, perhaps, derived fr. L. gibbus hunched, humped, E. gibbous; or cf. E. jib a sail.]

1. A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting from the top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged in chains, and their bodies allowed to remain asa warning.

2. The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended; the jib.

Gibbet

Gib"bet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gibbeted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbeting.]

1. To hang and expose on a gibbet.

2. To expose to infamy; to blacken.

I'll gibbet up his name. Oldham.

Gibbier

Gib"bier (?), n. [F. gibier.] Wild fowl; game. [Obs.] Addison.

Gibbon

Gib"bon (?), n. [Cf. F. gibbon.] (Zo\'94l.) Any arboreal ape of the genus Hylobates, of which many species and varieties inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. They are tailless and without cheek pouches, and have very long arms, adapted for climbing. <-- common subtypes --> &hand; The white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), the crowned (H. pilatus), the wou-wou or singing gibbon (H. agilis), the siamang, and the hoolock. are the most common species.

Gib boom

Gib" boom` (?). See Jib boom.

Gibbose

Gib*bose" (?), a. [L. gibbosus, fr. gibbus, gibba, hunch, hump. Cf. Gibbous.] Humped; protuberant; -- said of a surface which presents one or more large elevations. Brande & C.

Gibbostity

Gib*bost"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. gibbosit\'82.] The state of being gibbous or gibbose; gibbousness.

Gibbous

Gib"bous (?), a. [Cf. F. gibbeux. See Gibbose.]

1. Swelling by a regular curve or surface; protuberant; convex; as, the moon is gibbous between the half-moon and the full moon.

The bones will rise, and make a gibbous member. Wiseman.

2. Hunched; hump-backed. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. -- Gib"bous*ly, adv. -- Gib"bous*ness, n.

Gibbsite

Gibbs"ite (?), n. [Named after George Gibbs.] (Min.) A hydrate of alumina.

Gib-cat

Gib"-cat` (?), n. A male cat, esp. an old one. See lst Gib. n. [Obs.] Shak.

Gibe

Gibe (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gibed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibing.] [Cf. Prov. F. giber, equiv. to F. jouer to play, Icel. geipa to talk nonsense, E. jabber.] To cast reproaches and sneering expressions; to rail; to utter taunting, sarcastic words; to flout; to fleer; to scoff.
Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout. Swift.

Gibe

Gibe, v. i. To reproach with contemptuous words; to deride; to scoff at; to mock.
Draw the beasts as I describe them, From their features, while I gibe them. Swift.

Gibe

Gibe, n. An expression of sarcastic scorn; a sarcastic jest; a scoff; a taunt; a sneer.
Mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorns. Shak.
With solemn gibe did Eustace banter me. Tennyson.

Gibel

Gib"el (?), n. [G. gibel, giebel.] (Zo\'94l.) A kind of carp (Cyprinus gibelio); -- called also Prussian carp.

Giber

Gib"er (?) n. One who utters gibes. B. Jonson.

Gibfish

Gib"fish` (?), n. The male of the salmon. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Gibingly

Gib"ing*ly (?), adv. In a gibing manner; scornfully.

Giblet

Gib"let (?), a. Made of giblets; as, a giblet pie.

Giblets

Gib"lets (?), n. pl. [OE. gibelet, OF. gibelet game: cf. F. gibelotte stewed rabbit. Cf. Gibbier.] The inmeats, or edible viscera (heart, gizzard, liver, etc.), of poultry.

Gibstaff

Gib"staff` (?), n. [Prov. E. gib a hooked stick + E. staff.]

1. A staff to guage water, or to push a boat.

2. A staff formerly used in fighting beasts on the stage. [Obs.] Bailey.

Gid

Gid (?), n. [Cf. Giddy, a.] A disease of sheep, characterized by vertigo; the staggers. It is caused by the presence of the CC.

Giddily

Gid"di*ly (?), adv. In a giddy manner.

Giddiness

Gid"di*ness, n. The quality or state of being giddy.

Giddy

Gid"dy (?), a. [Compar. Giddier (?); superl. Giddiest.] [OE. gidi mad, silly, AS. gidig, of unknown origin, cf. Norw. gidda to shake, tremble.]

1. Having in the head a sensation of whirling or reeling about; having lost the power of preserving the balance of the body, and therefore wavering and inclined to fall; lightheaded; dizzy.

By giddy head and staggering legs betrayed. Tate.

2. Promoting or inducing giddiness; as, a giddy height; a giddy precipice. Prior.

Upon the giddy footing of the hatches. Shak.

3. Bewildering on account of rapid turning; running round with celerity; gyratory; whirling.

The giddy motion of the whirling mill. Pope.

4. Characterized by inconstancy; unstable; changeable; fickle; wild; thoughtless; heedless. "Giddy, foolish hours." Rowe. "Giddy chance." Dryden.

Young heads are giddy and young hearts are warm. Cowper.

Giddy

Gid"dy, v. i. To reel; to whirl. Chapman.

Giddy

Gid"dy, v. t. To make dizzy or unsteady. [Obs.]

Giddy-head

Gid"dy-head` (?), n. A person without thought fulness, prudence, or judgment. [Colloq.] Burton.

Giddy-headed

Gid"dy-head`ed (?), a. Thoughtless; unsteady.

Giddy-paced

Gid"dy-paced` (?), a. Moving irregularly; flighty; fickle. [R.] Shak.

Gie

Gie (?), v. t. To guide. See Gye . [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gie

Gie (?), v. t. To give. [Scot.] Burns.

Gier-eagle

Gier"-ea`gle (?), n. [Cf. D. gier vulture, G. gier, and E. gyrfalcon.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird referred to in the Bible (Lev. xi. 18and Deut. xiv. 17) as unclean, probably the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus).

Gier-falcon

Gier"-fal`con (?), n. [Cf. Gier-eagle, Gyrfalcon.] (Zo\'94l.) The gyrfalcon.

Gieseckite

Gie"seck*ite (?), n. [Named after Karl Giesecke.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in greenish gray six-sided prisms, having a greasy luster. It is probably a pseudomorph after el\'91olite.

Gif

Gif (?), conj. [AS. See If.] If. [Obs.] &hand; Gif is the old form of if, and frequently occurs in the earlier English writers. See If.
Page 625

Giffard injector

Gif"fard in*ject"or (?). (Mach.) See under Injector.

Giffgaff

Giff"gaff (?), n. [Reduplicated fr. give.] Mutial accommodation; mutual giving. [Scot.]

Giffy

Gif"fy (?), n. [Obs.] See Jiffy.

Gift

Gift (?), n. [OE. gift, yift, yeft, AS. gift, fr. gifan to give; akin to D. & G. gift, Icel. gift, gipt, Goth. gifts (in comp.). See Give, v. t.]

1. Anything given; anything voluntarily transferred by one person to another without compensation; a present; an offering.

Shall I receive by gift, what of my own, . . . I can command ? Milton.

2. The act, right, or power of giving or bestowing; as, the office is in the gift of the President.

3. A bribe; anything given to corrupt.

Neither take a gift, for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise. Deut. xvi. 19.

4. Some quality or endowment given to man by God; a pre\'89minent and special talent or aptitude; power; faculty; as, the gift of wit; a gift for speaking.

5. (Law) A voluntary transfer of real or personal property, without any consideration. It can be perfected only by deed, or in case of personal property, by an actual delivery of possession. Bouvier. Burrill. Gift rope (Naut), a rope extended to a boat for towing it; a guest rope. Syn. -- Present; donation; grant; largess; benefaction; boon; bounty; gratuity; endowment; talent; faculty. -- Gift, Present, Donation. These words, as here compared, denote something gratuitously imparted to another out of one's property. A gift is something given whether by a superior or an inferior, and is usually designed for the relief or benefit of him who receives it. A present is ordinarly from an equal or inferior, and is always intended as a compliment or expression of kindness. Donation is a word of more dignity, denoting, properly, a gift of considerable value, and ordinarly a gift made either to some public institution, or to an individual on account of his services to the public; as, a donation to a hospital, a charitable society, or a minister.

Gift

Gift, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gifting.] To endow with some power or faculty.
He was gifted . . . with philosophical sagacity. I. Taylor.

Giftedness

Gift"ed*ness, n. The state of being gifted. Echard.

Gid

Gid (?), n. [Cf. OF. gigue. See Jig, n.] A fiddle. [Obs.]

Gig

Gig (?), v. t. [Prob. fr. L. gignere to beget.] To engender. [Obs.] Dryden.

Gig

Gig, n. A kind of spear or harpoon. See Fishgig.

Gig

Gig, v. t. To fish with a gig.

Gig

Gig, n. [OE. gigge. Cf. Giglot.] A playful or wanton girl; a giglot.

Gig

Gig, n. [Cf. Icel. g fiddle, MHG. g, G. geige, Icel. geiga to take a wrong direction, rove at random, and E. jig.]

1. A top or whirligig; any little thing that is whirled round in play.

Thou disputest like an infant; go, whip thy gig. Shak.

2. A light carriage, with one pair of wheels, drawn by one horse; a kind of chaise.

3. (Naut.) A long, light rowboat, generally clinkerbuilt, and designed to be fast; a boat appropriated to the use of the commanding officer; as, the captain's gig.

4. (Mach.) A rotatory cylinder, covered with wire teeth or teasels, for teaseling woolen cloth. Gig machine, Gigging machine, Gig mill, ∨ Napping machine. See Gig, 4. -- Gig saw. See Jig saw.

Gigantean

Gi`gan*te"an (?), a. [L. giganteus, fr. gigas, antis. See Giant.] Like a giant; mighty; gigantic. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Gigantesque

Gi`gan*tesque" (?), a. [F.] Befitting a giant; bombastic; magniloquent.
The sort of mock-heroic gigantesque With which we bantered little Lilia first. Tennyson.

Gigantic

Gi*gan"tic (?), a. [L. gigas, -antis, giant. See Giant.]

1. Of extraordinary size; like a giant.

2. Such as a giant might use, make, or cause; immense; tremendous; extraordinarly; as, gigantic deeds; gigantic wickedness. Milton.

When descends on the Atlantic The gigantic Strom wind of the equinox. Longfellow.

Gigantical

Gi*gan"tic*al, a. Bulky, big. [Obs.] Burton. -- Gi*gan"tic*al*ly, adv.

Giganticide

Gi*gan"ti*cide (?), n. [. gigas, -antis, giant + caedere to kill.] The act of killing, or one who kills, a giant. Hallam.

Gigantine

Gi*gan"tine (?), a. Gigantic. [Obs.] Bullokar.

Gigantology

Gi`gan*tol"og*y (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. gigantologie.] An account or description of giants.

Gigantomachy

Gi`gan*tom"a*chy (?), n. [L. gigantoma, fr. Gr. gigantomachie.] A war of giants; especially, the fabulous war of the giants against heaven.

Gide, Guide

Gide (?), Guide
, n. [OF. guide, guiche.] (Anc. Armor) The leather strap by which the shield of a knight was slung across the shoulder, or across the neck and shoulder. Meyrick (Ancient Armor).

Gigerium

Gi*ge"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Gigeria (#). [NL., fr. L. gigeria, pl., the cooked entrails of poultry.] (Anat.) The muscular stomach, or gizzard, of birds.

Gigget

Gig"get (?), n. Same as Gigot.
Cut the slaves to giggets. Beau. & Fl.

Giggle

Gig"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Giggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Giggling (?).] [Akin to gaggle: cf. OD. ghichelen, G. kichern.] To laugh with short catches of the breath or voice; to laugh in a light, affected, or silly manner; to titter with childish levity.
Giggling and laughing with all their might At the piteous hap of the fairy wight. J. R. Drake.

Giggle

Gig"gle (?), n. A kind of laugh, with short catches of the voice or breath; a light, silly laugh.

Giggler

Gig"gler (?), n. One who giggles or titters.

Giggly

Gig"gly (?), a. Prone to giggling. Carlyle.

Giggot

Gig"got (?), n. See Gigot. [Obs.] Chapman.

Giggyng

Gig"gyng (?), n. [See Gige.] The act of fastending the gige or leather strap to the shield. [Obs.] "Gigging of shields." Chaucer.

Giglot, Giglet

Gig"lot (?), Gig"let (?), n. [Cf. Icel. gikkr a pert, rude person, Dan. giek a fool, silly man, AS. gagol, g\'91gl, lascivious, wanton, MHG. gogel wanton, giege fool, and E. gig a wanton person.] A wanton; a lascivious or light, giddy girl. [Obs.]
The giglet is willful, and is running upon her fate. Sir W. Scott.

Giglot

Gig"lot (?), a. Giddi; light; inconstant; wanton. [Obs.] "O giglot fortune!" Shak.

Gigot, Giggot

Gig"ot, Gig"got (
, n. [F., fr. OF. gigue fiddle; -- on account of the resemblance in shape. See Jig, n.]

1. A leg of mutton.

2. A small piece of flesh; a slice. [Obs.]

The rest in giggots cut, they spit. Chapman.

Gila monster

Gi"la mon"ster (?). (Zo\'94l.) A large tuberculated lizard (Heloderma suspectum) native of the dry plains of Arizona, New Mexico, etc. It is the only lizard known to have venomous teeth.

Gild

Gild (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gilded or Gilt (p. pr. & vb. n.
Gilding.] [AS. gyldan, from gold gold. &root;234. See Gold.]

1. To overlay with a thin covering of gold; to cover with a golden color; to cause to look like gold. "Gilded chariots." Pope.

No more the rising sun shall gild the morn. Pope.

2. To make attractive; to adorn; to brighten.

Let oft good humor, mild and gay, Gild the calm evening of your day. Trumbull.

3. To give a fair but deceptive outward appearance to; to embellish; as, to gild a lie. Shak.

4. To make red with drinking. [Obs.]

This grand liquior that hath gilded them. Shak.

Gildale

Gild"ale` (?), n. [AS. gilgan to pay + E. ale. See Yield, v. t., and Ale.] A drinking bout in which every one pays an equal share. [Obs.]

Gilden

Gild"en (?), a. Gilded. Holland.

Gilder

Gild"er (?), n. One who gilds; one whose occupation is to overlay with gold.

Gilder

Gil"der (?), n. A Dutch coin. See Guilder.

Guilding

Guild"ing (?), n.

1. The art or practice of overlaying or covering with gold leaf; also, a thin coating or wash of gold, or of that which resembles gold.

2. Gold in leaf, powder, or liquid, for application to any surface.

3. Any superficial coating or appearance, as opposed to what is solid and genuine. Gilding metal, a tough kind of sheet brass from which cartridge shells are made.

Gile

Gile (?), n. [See Guile.] Guile. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gill

Gill (?), n. [Dan. gi\'91lle, gelle; akin to Sw. g\'84l, Icel. gj\'94lnar gills; cf. AS. geagl, geahl, jaw.]

1. (Anat.) An organ for aquatic respiration; a branchia.

Fishes perform respiration under water by the gills. Ray.
&hand; Gills are usually lamellar or filamentous appendages, through which the blood circulates, and in which it is exposed to the action of the air contained in the water. In vertebrates they are appendages of the visceral arches on either side of the neck. In invertebrates they occupy various situations.

2. pl. (Bot.) The radiating, gill-shaped plates forming the under surface of a mushroom.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl; a wattle.

4. The flesh under or about the chin. Swift.

5. (Spinning) One of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel filaments. [Prob. so called from F. aiguilles, needles. Ure.] Gill arches, Gill bars. (Anat.) Same as Branchial arches. -- Gill clefts. (Anat.) Same as Branchial clefts. See under Branchial. -- Gill cover, Gill lid. See Operculum. -- Gill frame, ∨ Gill head (Flax Manuf.), a spreader; a machine for subjecting flax to the action of gills. Knight. -- Gill net, a flat net so suspended in the water that its meshes allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the gills when they seek to extricate themselves. -- Gill opening, ∨ Gill slit (Anat.), an opening behind and below the head of most fishes, and some amphibians, by which the water from the gills is discharged. In most fishes there is a single opening on each side, but in the sharks and rays there are five, or more, on each side. -- Gill rakes, ∨ Gill rakers (Anat.), horny filaments, or progresses, on the inside of the branchial arches of fishes, which help to prevent solid substances from being carried into gill cavities.

Gill

Gill, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A two-wheeled frame for transporting timber. [Prov. Eng.]

Gill

Gill, n. A leech. [Also gell.] [Scot.] Jameison.

Gill

Gill, n. [Icel. gil.] A woody glen; a narrow valley containing a stream. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Gill

Gill (?), n. [OF. gille, gelle, a sort of measure for wine, LL. gillo, gello., Cf. Gallon.] A measure of capacity, containing one fourth of a pint.

Gill

Gill (?), n. [Abbrev. from Gillian.]

1. A young woman; a sweetheart; a flirting or wanton girl. "Each Jack with his Gill." B. Jonson.

2. (Bot.) The ground ivy (Nepeta Glechoma); -- called also gill over the ground, and other like names.

3. Malt liquor medicated with ground ivy. Gill ale. (a) Ale flavored with ground ivy. (b) (Bot.) Alehoof.

Gill-flirt

Gill"-flirt` (?), n. A thoughtless, giddy girl; a flirt-gill. Sir W. Scott.

Gillhouse

Gill"house`, n. A shop where gill is sold.
Thee shall each alehouse, thee each gillhouse mourn. Pope.

Gillian

Gil"li*an (?), n. [OE. Gillian, a woman's name, for Julian, Juliana. Cf. Gill a girl.] A girl; esp., a wanton; a gill. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Gillie Gilly

Gil"lie Gil"ly (?), n. [Gael. gille, giolla, boy, lad.] A boy or young man; a manservant; a male attendant, in the Scottish Highlands. Sir W. Scott.

Gillyflower

Gil"ly*flow`er (?), n. [OE. gilofre, gilofer, clove, OF. girofre, girofle, F. girofle: cf. F. girofl\'82e gillyflower, fr. girofle, Gr. foliage. Cf. Caryophyllus, July-flower.] (Bot.)

1. A name given by old writers to the clove pink (Dianthus Caryophyllus) but now to the common stock (Matthiola incana), a cruciferous plant with showy and fragrant blossoms, usually purplish, but often pink or white.

2. A kind of apple, of a roundish conical shape, purplish red color, and having a large core. [Written also gilliflower.] Clove gillflower, the clove pink. -- Marsh gillyflower, the ragged robin (Lychnis Flos-cuculi). -- Queen's, ∨ Winter, gillyflower, damewort. -- Sea gillyflower, the thrift (Armeria vulgaris). -- Wall gillyflower, the wallflower (Cheiranthus Cheiri). -- Water gillyflower, the water violet.

Gilour

Gil"our (?), n. [OF.] A guiler; deceiver. [Obs.]

Gilse

Gilse (?), n. [W. gleisiad, fr. glas blue.] (Zo\'94l.) See Grilse.

Gilt

Gilt (?), n. [See Geld, v. t.] (Zo\'94l.) A female pig, when young.

Gilt

Gilt, imp. & p. p. of Gild.

Gilt

Gilt, p. p. & a. Gilded; covered with gold; of the color of gold; golden yellow. "Gilt hair" Chaucer.

Gilt

Gilt, n.

1. Gold, or that which resembles gold, laid on the surface of a thing; gilding. Shak.

2. Money. [Obs.] "The gilt of France." Shak.

Gilt-edge, Gilt-edged

Gilt"-edge` (?), Gilt"-edged` (?), a.

1. Having a gilt edge; as, gilt-edged paper.

2. Of the best quality; -- said of negotiable paper, etc. [Slang, U. S.]

Gilthead

Gilt"head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A marine fish. The name is applied to two species: (a) The Pagrus, ∨ Chrysophrys, auratus, a valuable food fish common in the Mediterranean (so named from its golden-colored head); -- called also giltpoll. (b) The Crenilabrus melops, of the British coasts; -- called also golden maid, conner, sea partridge.

Giltif

Gilt"if (?), a. [For gilti, by confusion with -if, -ive, in French forms. See Guilty.] Guilty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gilttail

Gilt"tail` (?), n. A yellow-tailed worm or larva.

Gim

Gim (?), a. [Cf. Gimp, a.] Neat; spruce. [Prov.]

Gimbal, ∨ Gimbals

Gim"bal (?), ∨ Gim"bals (
, n. [See Gimmal, n.] A contrivance for permitting a body to incline freely in all directions, or for suspending anything, as a barometer, ship's compass, chronometer, etc., so that it will remain plumb, or level, when its support is tipped, as by the rolling of a ship. It consists of a ring in which the body can turn on an axis through a diameter of the ring, while the ring itself is so pivoted to its support that it can turn about a diameter at right angles to the first. Gimbal joint (Mach.), a universal joint embodying the principle of the gimbal. -- Gimbal ring, a single gimbal, as that by which the cockeye of the upper millstone is supported on the spindle.

Gimblet

Gim"blet (?), n. & v. See Gimlet.

Gimcrack

Gim"crack` (?), n. [OE., a spruce and pert pretender, also, a spruce girl, prob. fr. gim + crack lad, boaster.] A trivial mechanism; a device; a toy; a pretty thing. Arbuthnot.

Gimlet

Gim"let (?), n. [Also written and pronounced gimbled (] [OF. guimbelet, guibelet, F. gibelet, prob. fr. OD. wimpel, weme, a bore, wemelen to bore, to wimble. See Wimble, n.] A small tool for boring holes. It has a leading screw, a grooved body, and a cross handle. Gimlet eye, a squint-eye. [Colloq.] Wright.

Gimlet

Gim"let, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gimleted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gimleting.]

1. To pierce or make with a gimlet.

2. (Naut.) To turn round (an anchor) by the stock, with a motion like turning a gimlet.

Gimmal

Gim"mal (?), n. [Prob. the same word as gemel. See Gemel, and cf. Gimbal.]

1. Joined work whose parts move within each other; a pair or series of interlocked rings.

2. A quaint piece of machinery; a gimmer. [Obs.]

Gommal

Gom"mal, a. Made or consisting of interlocked ringas, gimmal mail.
In their pale dull mouths the gimmal bit Lies foul with chewed grass. Shak.
Gimmal joint. See Gimbal joint, under Gimbal.

Gimmer, Gimmor

Gim"mer, Gim"mor (
, n. [Cf. Gimmal, n.] A piece of mechanism; mechanical device or contrivance; a gimcrack. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Shak.
Page 626

Gimp

Gimp (?), a. [W. gwymp fair, neat, comely.] Smart; spruce; trim; nice. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Gimp

Gimp, n. [OF. guimpe, guimple, a nun's wimple, F. guimpe, OHG. wimpal a veil G. wimpel pennon, pendant. See Wimple, n.] A narrow ornamental fabric of silk, woolen, or cotton, often with a metallic wire, or sometimes a coarse cord, running through it; -- used as trimming for dresses, furniture, etc.
Gimp nail, an upholsterer's small nail.

Gimp

Gimp, v. t. To notch; to indent; to jag.

Gin

Gin (?), prep. [AS. ge\'a0n. See Again.] Against; near by; towards; as, gin night. [Scot.] A. Ross (1778).

Gin

Gin, conj. [See Gin, prep.] If. [Scotch] Jamieson.

Gin

Gin (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gan (?), Gon (Gun (p. pr. & vb. n.
Ginning.] [OE. ginnen, AS. ginnan (in comp.), prob. orig., to open, cut open, cf. OHG. inginnan to begin, open, cut open, and prob. akin to AS. g\'c6nan to yawn, and E. yawn. Yawn, v. i., and cf. Begin.] To begin; -- often followed by an infinitive without to; as, gan tell. See Gan. [Obs. or Archaic] "He gan to pray." Chaucer.

Gin

Gin (?), n. [Contr. from Geneva. See 2d Geneva.] A strong alcoholic liquor, distilled from rye and barley, and flavored with juniper berries; -- also called Hollands and Holland gin, because originally, and still very extensively, manufactured in Holland. Common gin is usually flavored with turpentine.

Gin

Gin (?), n. [A contraction of engine.]

1. Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare. Chaucer. Spenser.

2. (a) A machine for raising or moving heavy weights, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc. (b) (Mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim.

3. A machine for separating the seeds from cotton; a cotton gin. &hand; The name is also given to an instrument of torture worked with screws, and to a pump moved by rotary sails. Gin block, a simple form of tackle block, having one wheel, over which a rope runs; -- called also whip gin, rubbish pulley, and monkey wheel. -- Gin power, a form of horse power for driving a cotton gin. -- Gin race, ∨ Gin ring, the path of the horse when putting a gin in motion. Halliwell. -- Gin saw, a saw used in a cotton gin for drawing the fibers through the grid, leaving the seed in the hopper. -- Gin wheel. (a) In a cotton gin, a wheel for drawing the fiber through the grid; a brush wheel to clean away the lint. (b) (Mining) the drum of a whim.

Gin

Gin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ginned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ginning.]

1. To catch in a trap. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. To clear of seeds by a machine; as, to gin cotton.

Ging

Ging (?), n. Same as Gang, n., 2. [Obs.]
There is a knot, a ging, a pack, a conspiracy against me. Shak.

Gingal

Gin*gal" (?), n. See Jingal.

Ginger

Gin"ger (?), n. [OE. ginger, gingever, gingivere, OF. gengibre, gingimbre, F. gingembre, L. zingiber, zingiberi, fr. Gr. zenjeb\'c6l, fr. Skr. , prop., hornshaped; horn + v\'89ra body.]

1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Zingiber, of the East and West Indies. The species most known is Z. officinale.

2. The hot and spicy rootstock of Zingiber officinale, which is much used in cookery and in medicine. Ginger beer ∨ ale, a mild beer impregnated with ginger. -- Ginger cordial, a liquor made from ginger, raisins, lemon rind, and water, and sometimes whisky or brandy. -- Ginger pop. See Ginger beer (above). -- Ginger wine, wine impregnated with ginger. -- Wild ginger (Bot.), an American herb (Asarum Canadense) with two reniform leaves and a long, cordlike rootstock which has a strong taste of ginger.

Gingerbread

Gin"ger*bread` (?), n. A kind of plain sweet cake seasoned with ginger, and sometimes made in fanciful shapes. Gingerbread that was full fine." Chaucer. Gingerbread tree (Bot.), the doom palm; -- so called from the resemblance of its fruit to gingerbread. See Doom Palm. -- Gingerbread work, ornamentation, in architecture or decoration, of a fantastic, trivial, or tawdry character.

Gingerly

Gin"ger*ly, adv. [Prov. E. ginger brittle, tender; cf. dial. Sw. gingla, g\'84ngla, to go gently, totter, akin to E. gang.] Cautiously; timidly; fastidiously; daintily.
What is't that you took up so gingerly ? Shak.

Gingerness

Gin"ger*ness, n. Cautiousness; tenderness.

Gingham

Ging"ham (?), n. [F. guingan; cf. Jav. ginggang; or perh. fr. Guingamp, in France.] A kind of cotton or linen cloth, usually in stripes or checks, the yarn of which is dyed before it is woven; -- distinguished from printed cotton or prints.

Ginging

Ging"ing (?), n. (Mining) The lining of a mine shaft with stones or bricks to prevent caving.

Gingival

Gin"gi*val (?), a. [L. gingiva the gum.] Of or pertaining to the gums. Holder.

Gingle

Gin"gle (?), n. & v. [Obs.] See Jingle.

Ginglyform

Gin"gly*form (?), a. (Anat.) Ginglymoid.

Ginglymodi

Gin`gly*mo"di (?), n. [NL.; cf. Gr. Ginglymoid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of ganoid fishes, including the modern gar pikes and many allied fossil forms. They have rhombic, ganoid scales, a heterocercal tail, paired fins without an axis, fulcra on the fins, and a bony skeleton, with the vertebr\'91 convex in front and concave behind, forming a ball and socket joint. See Ganoidel.

Ginglymoid, Ginglymoidal

Gin"gly*moid (?), Gin`gly*moid"al (?), a. [Gr. ginglymoide, ginglymo\'8bdal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a ginglymus, or hinge joint; ginglyform.

Ginglymus

Gin"gly*mus (?), n.; pl. Ginglymi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) A hinge joint; an articulation, admitting of flexion and extension, or motion in two directions only, as the elbow and the ankle.

Ginhouse

Gin"house` (?), n. A building where cotton is ginned.

Ginkgo

Gink"go (?), n.; pl. Ginkgoes (#). [Chin., silver fruit.] (Bot.) A large ornamental tree (Ginkgo biloba) from China and Japan, belonging to the Yew suborder of Conifer\'91. Its leaves are so like those of some maidenhair ferns, that it is also called the maidenhair tree.

Ginnee

Gin"nee (?), n.; pl. Ginn (. See Jinnee.

Ginnet

Gin"net (?), n. See Genet, a horse.

Ginning

Gin"ning (?), n. [See Gin, v. i.] Beginning. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ginny-carriage

Gin"ny-car`riage (, n. A small, strong carriage for conveying materials on a railroad. [Eng.]

Ginseng

Gin"seng (?), n. [Chinese.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Aralia, the root of which is highly valued as a medicine among the Chinese. The Chinese plant (Aralia Schinseng) has become so rare that the American (A. quinquefolia) has largely taken its place, and its root is now an article of export from America to China. The root, when dry, is of a yellowish white color, with a sweetness in the taste somewhat resembling that of licorice, combined with a slight aromatic bitterness.

Ginshop

Gin"shop` (?), n. A shop or barroom where gin is sold as a beverage. [Colloq.]

Gip

Gip (?), v. t. To take out the entrails of (herrings).

Gip

Gip, n. A servant. See Gyp. Sir W. Scott.

Gipoun

Gi*poun" (?), n. [See Jupon.] A short cassock. [Written also gepoun, gypoun, jupon, juppon.] [Obs.]

Gipser, Gipsire

Gip"ser (?), Gip"sire (?), n. [F. gibeci\'8are a game pouch or game pocket. Cf. Gibbier.] A kind of pouch formerly worn at the girdle. Ld. Lytton.
A gipser all of silk, Hung at his girdle, white as morn\'82 milk. Chaucer.

Gipsy

Gip"sy (?), n. a.. See Gypsy.

Gipsyism

Gip"sy*ism (?), n. See Gypsyism.

Giraffe

Gi*raffe" (?), n. [F. girafe, Sp. girafa, from Ar. zur\'befa, zar\'befa.] (Zo\'94l.) An African ruminant (Camelopardalis giraffa) related to the deers and antelopes, but placed in a family by itself; the camelopard. It is the tallest of animals, being sometimes twenty feet from the hoofs to the top of the head. Its neck is very long, and its fore legs are much longer than its hind legs.

Girandole

Gir"an*dole (?), n. [F. See Gyrate.]

1. An ornamental branched candlestick.

2. A flower stand, fountain, or the like, of branching form.

3. (Pyrotechny) A kind of revolving firework.

4. (Fort.) A series of chambers in defensive mines. Farrow.

Girasole Girasol

Gir"a*sole Gir"a*sol (?), n. [It. girasole, or F. girasol, fr. L. gyrare to turn around + sol sun.]

1. (Bot.) See Heliotrope. [Obs.]

2. (Min.) A variety of opal which is usually milk white, bluish white, or sky blue; but in a bright light it reflects a reddish color.

Gird

Gird (?), n. [See Yard a measure.]

1. A stroke with a rod or switch; a severe spasm; a twinge; a pang.

Conscience . . . is freed from many fearful girds and twinges which the atheist feels. Tillotson.

2. A cut; a sarcastic remark; a gibe; a sneer.

I thank thee for that gird, good Tranio. Shak.

Gird

Gird, v. t. [See Gird, n., and cf. Girde, v.]

1. To strike; to smite. [Obs.]

To slay him and to girden off his head. Chaucer.

2. To sneer at; to mock; to gibe.

Being moved, he will not spare to gird the gods. Shak.

Gird

Gird, v. i. To gibe; to sneer; to break a scornful jest; to utter severe sarcasms.
Men of all sorts take a pride to gird at me. Shak.

Gird

Gird (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girt (?) or Girded; p. pr. & vb. n. Girding.] [OE. girden, gurden, AS. gyrdan; akin to OS. gurdian, D. gorden, OHG. gurten, G. g\'81rten, Icel. gyr, Sw. gjorda, Dan. giorde, Goth. biga\'a1rdan to begird, and prob. to E. yard an inclosure. Cf. Girth, n. & v., Girt, v. t.]

1. To encircle or bind with any flexible band.

2. To make fast, as clothing, by binding with a cord, girdle, bandage, etc.

3. To surround; to encircle, or encompass.

That Nyseian isle, Girt with the River Triton. Milton.

4. To clothe; to swathe; to invest.

I girded thee about with fine linen. Ezek. xvi. 10.
The Son . . . appeared Girt with omnipotence. Milton.

5. To prepare; to make ready; to equip; as, to gird one's self for a contest.

Thou hast girded me with strength. Ps. xviii. 39.
To gird on, to put on; to fasten around or to one securely, like a girdle; as, to gird on armor or a sword.
Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off. 1 Kings xx. 11.
-- To gird up, to bind tightly with a girdle; to support and strengthen, as with a girdle.
He girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab. 1 Kings xviii. 46.
Gird up the loins of your mind. 1 Pet. i. 13.
-- Girt up; prepared or equipped, as for a journey or for work, in allusion to the ancient custom of gathering the long flowing garments into the girdle and tightening it before any exertion; hence, adjectively, eagerly or constantly active; strenuous; striving. "A severer, more girt-up way of living." J. C. Shairp.

Girder

Gird"er (?), n. [From Gird to sneer at.] One who girds; a satirist.

Girder

Gird"er, n. [From Gird to encircle.]

1. One who, or that which, girds.

2. (Arch. & Engin.) A main beam; a stright, horizontal beam to span an opening or carry weight, such as ends of floor beams, etc.; hence, a framed or built-up member discharging the same office, technically called a compound girder. See Illusts. of Frame, and Doubleframed floor, under Double. Bowstring girder, Box girder, etc. See under Bowstring, Box, etc. -- Girder bridge. See under Bridge. -- Lattice girder, a girder consisting of longitudinal bars united by diagonal crossing bars. -- Half-lattice girder, a girder consisting of horizontal upper and lower bars connected by a series of diagonal bars sloping alternately in opposite directions so as to divide the space between the bars into a series of triangles. Knight. -- Sandwich girder, a girder consisting of two parallel wooden beams, between which is an iron plate, the whole clamped together by iron bolts.

Girding

Gird"ing, n. That with which one is girded; a girdle.
Instead of a stomacher, a girding of sackcloth. Is. iii. 24.

Girdle

Gir"dle (?), n. A griddle. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

Girdle

Gir"dle, n. [OE. gurdel, girdel, AS. gyrdel, fr. gyrdan; akin to D. gordel, G. g\'81rtel, Icel. gyr. See Gird, v. t., to encircle, and cf. Girth, n.]

1. That which girds, encircles, or incloses; a circumference; a belt; esp., a belt, sash, or article of dress encircling the body usually at the waist; a cestus.

Within the girdle of these walls. Shak.
Their breasts girded with golden girdles. Rev. xv. 6.

2. The zodiac; also, the equator. [Poetic] Bacon.

From the world's girdle to the frozen pole. Cowper.
That gems the starry girdle of the year. Campbell.

3. (Jewelry) The line ofgreatest circumference of a brilliant-cut diamond, at which it is grasped by the setting. See Illust. of Brilliant. Knight.

4. (Mining) A thin bed or stratum of stone. Raymond.

5. (Zo\'94l.) The clitellus of an earthworm. Girdle bone (Anat.), the sphenethmoid. See under Sphenethmoid. -- Girdle wheel, a spinning wheel. -- Sea girdle (Zo\'94l.), a ctenophore. See Venus's girdle, under Venus. -- Shoulder, Pectoral, ∧ Pelvic, girdle. (Anat.) See under Pectoral, and Pelvic. -- To have under the girdle, to have bound to one, that is, in subjection.

Girdle

Gir"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girdled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Girdling (?).]

1. To bind with a belt or sash; to gird. Shak.

2. To inclose; to environ; to shut in.

Those sleeping stones, That as a waist doth girdle you about. Shak.

3. To make a cut or gnaw a groove around (a tree, etc.) through the bark and alburnum, thus killing it. [U. S.]

Girdler

Gir"dler (?), n.

1. One who girdles.

2. A maker of girdles.

3. (Zo\'94l.) An American longicorn beetle (Oncideres cingulatus) which lays its eggs in the twigs of the hickory, and then girdles each branch by gnawing a groove around it, thus killing it to provide suitable food for the larv\'91.

Girdlestead

Gir"dle*stead (?), n. [Girdle + stead place.]

1. That part of the body where the girdle is worn. [Obs.]

Sheathed, beneath his girdlestead. Chapman.

2. The lap. [R.]

There fell a flower into her girdlestead. Swinburne.

Gire

Gire (?), n. [Obs.] See Gyre.

Girkin

Gir"kin (?), n. [Obs.] See Gherkin.

Girl

Girl (?), n. [OE. girle, gerle, gurle, a girl (in sense 1): cf. LG. g\'94r child.]

1. A young person of either sex; a child. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A female child, from birth to the age of puberty; a young maiden.

3. A female servant; a maidservant. [U. S.]

4. (Zo\'94l.) A roebuck two years old. [Prov. Eng.]

Girlhood

Girl"hood (?), n. State or time of being a girl.

Girlish

Girl"ish, a. Like, or characteristic of, a girl; of or pertaining to girlhood; innocent; artless; immature; weak; as, girlish ways; girlish grief. -- Girl"ish*ly, adv. -- Girl"ish*ness, n.

Girlond

Gir"lond (?), n. [See Garland, n.] A garland; a prize. [Obs.] Chapman.

Girn

Girn (?), v. i. [See Grin, n.] To grin. [Obs.]

Girondist

Gi*ron"dist (?), n. [F. Girondiste.] A member of the moderate republican party formed in the French legislative assembly in 1791. The Girondists were so called because their leaders were deputies from the department of La Gironde.

Girondist

Gi*ron"dist, a. Of or pertaining to the Girondists. [Written also Girondin.]

Girrock

Gir"rock (?), n. [Cf. Prov. F. chicarou.] (Zo\'94l.) A garfish. Johnson.

Girt

Girt (?), imp. & p. p. of Gird.

Girt

Girt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girted; p. pr. & vb. n. Girting.] [From Girt, n., cf. Girth, v.] To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree.
We here create thee the first duke of Suffolk, And girt thee with the sword. Shak.

Girt

Girt, a. (Naut.) Bound by a cable; -- used of a vessel so moored by two anchors that she swings against one of the cables by force of the current or tide.
Page 627

Girt

Girt (?), n. Same as Girth.

Girth

Girth (?), n. [Icel. gj\'94r girdle, or ger girth; akin to Goth. ga\'a1rda girdle. See Gird to girt, and cf. Girdle, n.]

1. A band or strap which encircles the body; especially, one by which a saddle is fastened upon the back of a horse.

2. The measure round the body, as at the waist or belly; the circumference of anything.

He's a lu sty, jolly fellow, that lives well, at least three yards in the girth. Addison.

3. A small horizontal brace or girder.

Girth

Girth, v. t. [From Girth, n., cf. Girt, v. t.] To bind as with a girth. [R.] Johnson.

Girtline

Girt"line` (?), n. (Naut.) A gantline. Hammock girtline, a line rigged for hanging out hammocks to dry.

Gisarm

Gis*arm" (?), n. [OF. gisarme, guisarme.] (Medi\'91val Armor) A weapon with a scythe-shaped blade, and a separate long sharp point, mounted on a long staff and carried by foot soldiers.

Gise

Gise (?), v. t. [See Agist.] To feed or pasture. [Obs.]

Gise

Gise (?), n. Guise; manner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gisle

Gis"le (?), n. [AS. g\'c6sel; akin to G. geisel, Icel. g\'c6sl.] A pledge. [Obs.] Bp. Gibson.

Gismondine, Gismondite

Gis*mon"dine (?), Gis*mon"dite (?), n. [From the name of the discoverer, Gismondi.] (Min.) A native hydrated silicate of alumina, lime, and potash, first noticed near Rome.

Gist

Gist (?), n. [OF. giste abode, lodgings, F. g\'8cte, fr. g\'82sir to lie, L. jac, prop., to be thrown, hence, to lie, fr. jacre to throw. In the second sense fr. OF. gist, F. g\'8ct, 3d pers. sing. ind. of g\'82sir to lie, used in a proverb, F., c'est l\'85 que g\'8ct le li\'8avre, it is there that the hare lies, i. e., that is the point, the difficulty. See Jet a shooting forth, and cf. Agist, Joist, n., Gest a stage in traveling.]

1. A resting place. [Obs.]

These quails have their set gists; to wit, ordinary resting and baiting places. Holland.

2. The main point, as of a question; the point on which an action rests; the pith of a matter; as, the gist of a question.

Git

Git (?), n. (Founding) See Geat.

Gite

Gite (?), n. A gown. [Obs.]
She came often in a gite of red. Chaucer.

Gith

Gith (?), n. [Prov. E., corn cockle; cf. W. gith corn cockle.] (Bot.) The corn cockle; also anciently applied to the Nigella, or fennel flower.

Gittern

Git"tern (?), n. [OE. giterne, OF. guiterne, ultimately from same source as E. guitar. See Guitar, and cf. Cittern.] An instrument like a guitar. "Harps, lutes, and giternes." Chaucer.

Gittern

Git"tern, v. i. To play on gittern. Milton.

Gittith

Git"tith (?), n. [Heb.] A musical instrument, of unknown character, supposed by some to have been used by the people of Gath, and thence obtained by David. It is mentioned in the title of Psalms viii., lxxxi., and lxxxiv. Dr. W. Smith.

Guist

Guist (?), n. [Obs.] Same as Joust. Spenser.

Giusto

Gius"to (?), a. [It., fr. L. justus. See Just, a.] (Mus.) In just, correct, or suitable time.

Give

Give (?), v. t. [imp. Gave (?); p. p. Given (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Giving.] [OE. given, yiven, yeven, AS. gifan, giefan; akin to D. geven, OS. g, OHG. geban, Icel. gefa, Sw. gifva, Dan. give, Goth. giban. Cf. Gift, n.]

1. To bestow without receiving a return; to confer without compensation; to impart, as a possession; to grant, as authority or permission; to yield up or allow.

For generous lords had rather give than pay. Young.

2. To yield possesion of; to deliver over, as property, in exchange for something; to pay; as, we give the value of what we buy.

What shall a man give in exchange for his soul ? Matt. xvi. 26.

3. To yield; to furnish; to produce; to emit; as, flint and steel give sparks.

4. To communicate or announce, as advice, tidings, etc.; to pronounce; to render or utter, as an opinion, a judgment, a sentence, a shout, etc.

5. To grant power or license to; to permit; to allow; to license; to commission.

It is given me once again to behold my friend. Rowe.
Then give thy friend to shed the sacred wine. Pope.

6. To exhibit as a product or result; to produce; to show; as, the number of men, divided by the number of ships, gives four hundred to each ship.

7. To devote; to apply; used reflexively, to devote or apply one's self; as, the soldiers give themselves to plunder; also in this sense used very frequently in the past participle; as, the people are given to luxury and pleasure; the youth is given to study.

8. (Logic & Math.) To set forth as a known quantity or a known relation, or as a premise from which to reason; -- used principally in the passive form given.

9. To allow or admit by way of supposition.

I give not heaven for lost. Mlton.

10. To attribute; to assign; to adjudge.

I don't wonder at people's giving him to me as a lover. Sheridan.

11. To excite or cause to exist, as a sensation; as, to give offense; to give pleasure or pain.

12. To pledge; as, to give one's word.

13. To cause; to make; -- with the infinitive; as, to give one to understand, to know, etc.

But there the duke was given to understand That in a gondola were seen together Lorenzo and his amorous Jessica. Shak.
To give away, to make over to another; to transfer.
Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses during our lives, is given away from ourselves. Atterbury.
-- To give back, to return; to restore. Atterbury. -- To give the bag, to cheat. [Obs.]
I fear our ears have given us the bag. J. Webster.
-- To give birth to. (a) To bear or bring forth, as a child. (b) To originate; to give existence to, as an enterprise, idea. -- To give chase, to pursue. -- To give ear to. See under Ear. -- To give forth, to give out; to publish; to tell. Hayward. -- To give ground. See under Ground, n. -- To give the hand, to pledge friendship or faith. -- To give the hand of, to espouse; to bestow in marriage. -- To give the head. See under Head, n. -- To give in. (a) To abate; to deduct. (b) To declare; to make known; to announce; to tender; as, to give in one's adhesion to a party. -- To give the lie to (a person), to tell (him) that he lies. -- To give line. See under Line. -- To give off, to emit, as steam, vapor, odor, etc. -- To give one's self away, to make an inconsiderate surrender of one's cause, an unintentional disclosure of one's purposes, or the like. [Colloq.] -- To give out. (a) To utter publicly; to report; to announce or declare.
One that gives out himself Prince Florizel. Shak.
Give out you are of Epidamnum. Shak.
(b) To send out; to emit; to distribute; as, a substance gives out steam or odors. -- To give over. (a) To yield completely; to quit; to abandon. (b) To despair of. (c) To addict, resign, or apply (one's self).
The Babylonians had given themselves over to all manner of vice. Grew. -- To give place, to withdraw; to yield one's claim. -- To give points. (a) In games of skill, to equalize chances by conceding a certain advantage; to allow a handicap. (b) To give useful suggestions. [Colloq.] -- To give rein. See under Rein, n. -- To give the sack . Same as To give the bag. -- To give and take. (a) To average gains and losses. (b) To exchange freely, as blows, sarcasms, etc. -- To give time (Law), to accord extension or forbearance to a debtor. Abbott. -- To give the time of day, to salute one with the compliment appropriate to the hour, as "good morning." "good evening", etc. -- To give tongue, in hunter's phrase, to bark; -- said of dogs. -- To give up. (a) To abandon; to surrender. "Don't give up the ship."
He has . . . given up For certain drops of salt, your city Rome. Shak.
(b) To make public; to reveal.
I'll not state them By giving up their characters. Beau. & Fl.
(c) (Used also reflexively.) -- To give up the ghost. See under Ghost. -- To give one's self up, to abandon hope; to despair; to surrender one's self. -- To give way. (a) To withdraw; to give place. (b) To yield to force or pressure; as, the scaffolding gave way. (c) (Naut.) To begin to row; or to row with increased energy. (d) (Stock Exchange). To depreciate or decline in value; as, railroad securities gave way two per cent. -- To give way together, to row in time; to keep stroke. Syn. -- To Give, Confer, Grant. To give is the generic word, embracing all the rest. To confer was originally used of persons in power, who gave permanent grants or privileges; as, to confer the order of knighthood; and hence it still denotes the giving of something which might have been withheld; as, to confer a favor. To grant is to give in answer to a petition or request, or to one who is in some way dependent or inferior.

Give

Give (?), v. i.

1. To give a gift or gifts.

2. To yield to force or pressure; to relax; to become less rigid; as, the earth gives under the feet.

3. To become soft or moist. [Obs.] Bacon .

4. To move; to recede.

Now back he gives, then rushes on amain. Daniel.

5. To shed tears; to weep. [Obs.]

Whose eyes do never give But through lust and laughter. Shak.

6. To have a misgiving. [Obs.]

My mind gives ye're reserved To rob poor market women. J. Webster.

7. To open; to lead. [A Gallicism]

This, yielding, gave into a grassy walk. Tennyson.
To give back, to recede; to retire; to retreat.
They gave back and came no farther. Bunyan.
-- To give in, to yield; to succumb; to acknowledge one's self beaten; to cease opposition.
The Scots battalion was enforced to give in. Hayward.
This consideration may induce a translator to give in to those general phrases. Pope.
-- To give off, to cease; to forbear. [Obs.] Locke. -- To give on ∨ upon. (a) To rush; to fall upon. [Obs.] (b) To have a view of; to be in sight of; to overlook; to look toward; to open upon; to front; to face. [A Gallicism: cf. Fr. donner sur.]
Rooms which gave upon a pillared porch. Tennyson.
The gloomy staircase on which the grating gave. Dickens.
-- To give out. (a) To expend all one's strength. Hence: (b) To cease from exertion; to fail; to be exhausted; as, my feet being to give out; the flour has given out. -- To give over, to cease; to discontinue; to desist.
It would be well for all authors, if they knew when to give over, and to desist from any further pursuits after fame. Addison.
-- To give up, to cease from effort; to yield; to despair; as, he would never give up.

Given

Giv"en (?), p. p. & a. from Give, v.

1. (Math. & Logic) Granted; assumed; supposed to be known; set forth as a known quantity, relation, or premise.

2. Disposed; inclined; -- used with an adv.; as, virtuously given. Shak.

3. Stated; fixed; as, in a given time. Given name, the Christian name, or name given by one's parents or guardians, as distinguished from the surname, which is inherited. [Colloq.]

Giver

Giv"er (?), n. One who gives; a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who imparts or distributes.
It is the giver, and not the gift, that engrosses the heart of the Christian. Kollock.

Gives

Gives (?), n. pl. [See Give, n.] Fetters.

Giving

Giv"ing (?), n.

1. The act of bestowing as a gift; a conferring or imparting.

2. A gift; a benefaction. [R.] Pope.

3. The act of softening, breaking, or yielding. "Upon the first giving of the weather." Addison. Giving in, a falling inwards; a collapse. -- Giving out, anything uttered or asserted; an outgiving.

His givings out were of an infinite distance From his true meant design. Shak.

Gizzard

Giz"zard (?), n. [F. g\'82sier, L. gigeria, pl., the cooked entrails of poultry. Cf. Gigerium.]

1. (Anat.) The second, or true, muscular stomach of birds, in which the food is crushed and ground, after being softened in the glandular stomach (crop), or lower part of the esophagus; the gigerium.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A thick muscular stomach found in many invertebrate animals. (b) A stomach armed with chitinous or shelly plates or teeth, as in certain insects and mollusks. Gizzard shad (Zo\'94l.), an American herring (Dorosoma cepedianum) resembling the shad, but of little value. -- To fret the gizzard, to harass; to vex one's self; to worry. [Low] Hudibras. -- To stick in one's gizzard, to be difficult of digestion; to be offensive. [Low]

Glabella

Gla*bel"la (?), n.; pl. Glabell (#). [NL., fr. L. glabellus hairless, fr. glaber bald.] (Anat.) The space between the eyebrows, also including the corresponding part of the frontal bone; the mesophryon. -- Gla*bel"lar (#), a.

Glabellum

Gla*bel"lum (?), n.; pl. Glabella (#). [NL. See Glabella.] (Zo\'94l.) The median, convex lobe of the head of a trilobite. See Trilobite.

Glabrate

Gla"brate (?), a. [L. glabrare, fr. glaber smooth.] (Bot.) Becoming smooth or glabrous from age. Gray.

Glabreate, Glabriate

Gla"bre*ate (?), Gla"bri*ate (?), v. t. [See Glabrate.] To make smooth, plain, or bare. [Obs.]

Glabrity

Glab"ri*ty (?), n. [L. glabritas.] Smoothness; baldness. [R.]

Glabrous

Gla"brous (?), a. [L. glaber; cf. Gr. Smooth; having a surface without hairs or any unevenness.

Glacial

Gla"cial (?), a. [L. glacialis, from glacies ice: cf. F. glacial.]

1. Pertaining to ice or to its action; consisting of ice; frozen; icy; esp., pertaining to glaciers; as, glacial phenomena. Lyell.

2. (Chem.) Resembling ice; having the appearance and consistency of ice; -- said of certain solid compounds; as, glacial phosphoric or acetic acids. Glacial acid (Chem.), an acid of such strength or purity as to crystallize at an ordinary temperature, in an icelike form; as acetic or carbolic acid. -- Glacial drift (Geol.), earth and rocks which have been transported by moving ice, land ice, or icebergs; bowlder drift. -- Glacial epoch ∨ period (Geol.), a period during which the climate of the modern temperate regions was polar, and ice covered large portions of the northern hemisphere to the mountain tops. -- Glacial theory ∨ hypothesis. (Geol.) See Glacier theory, under Glacier.

Glacialist

Gla"cial*ist, n. One who attributes the phenomena of the drift, in geology, to glaciers.

Glaciate

Gla"ci*ate (?), v. i. [L. glaciatus, p. p. of glaciare to freeze, fr. glacies ice.] To turn to ice.

Glaciate

Gla"ci*ate, v. t.

1. To convert into, or cover with, ice.

2. (Geol.) To produce glacial effects upon, as in the scoring of rocks, transportation of loose material, etc. Glaciated rocks, rocks whose surfaces have been smoothed, furrowed, or striated, by the action of ice.

Glaciation

Gla`ci*a"tion (?), n.

1. Act of freezing.

2. That which is formed by freezing; ice.

3. The process of glaciating, or the state of being glaciated; the production of glacial phenomena.

Glacier

Gla"cier (?), n. [F. glacier, fr. glace ice, L. glacies.] An immense field or stream of ice, formed in the region of perpetual snow, and moving slowly down a mountain slope or valley, as in the Alps, or over an extended area, as in Greenland. &hand; The mass of compacted snow forming the upper part of a glacier is called the firn, or n\'82v\'82; the glacier proper consist of solid ice, deeply crevassed where broken up by irregularities in the slope or direction of its path. A glacier usually carries with it accumulations of stones and dirt called moraines, which are designated, according to their position, as lateral, medial, or terminal (see Moraine). The common rate of flow of the Alpine glaciers is from ten to twenty inches per day in summer, and about half that in winter. Glacier theory (Geol.), the theory that large parts of the frigid and temperate zones were covered with ice during the glacial, or ice, period, and that, by the agency of this ice, the loose materials on the earth's surface, called drift or diluvium, were transported and accumulated.

Glacious

Gla"cious (?), a. Pertaining to, consisting of or resembling, ice; icy. Sir T. Browne.

Glacis

Gla"cis (?), n. [F. glacis; -- so named from its smoothness. See Glacier.] A gentle slope, or a smooth, gently sloping bank; especially (Fort.), that slope of earth which inclines from the covered way toward the exterior ground or country (see Illust. of Ravelin).
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Glad

Glad (?), a. [Compar. Gladder (?); superl. Gladdest (?).] [AS. gl\'91d bright, glad; akin to D. glad smooth, G. glatt, OHG. glat smooth, shining, Icel. gla glad, bright, Dan. & Sw. glad glad, Lith. glodas smooth, and prob. to L. glaber, and E. glide. Cf. Glabrous.]

1. Pleased; joyous; happy; cheerful; gratified; -- opposed to sorry, sorrowful, or unhappy; -- said of persons, and often followed by of, at, that, or by the infinitive, and sometimes by with, introducing the cause or reason.

A wise son maketh a glad father. Prov. x. 1.
He that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished. Prov. xvii. 5.
The Trojan, glad with sight of hostile blood. Dryden.
He, glad of her attention gained. Milton.
As we are now glad to behold your eyes. Shak.
Glad am I that your highness is so armed. Shak.
Glad on 't, glad of it. [Colloq.] Shak.

2. Wearing a gay or bright appearance; expressing or exciting joy; producing gladness; exhilarating.

Her conversation More glad to me than to a miser money is. Sir P. Sidney.
Glad evening and glad morn crowned the fourth day. Milton.
Syn. -- Pleased; gratified; exhilarated; animated; delighted; happy; cheerful; joyous; joyful; cheering; exhilarating; pleasing; animating. -- Glad, Delighted, Gratified. Delighted expresses a much higher degree of pleasure than glad. Gratified always refers to a pleasure conferred by some human agent, and the feeling is modified by the consideration that we owe it in part to another. A person may be glad or delighted to see a friend, and gratified at the attention shown by his visits.

Glad

Glad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gladded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gladding.] [AS. gladian. See Glad, a., and cf. Gladden, v. t.] To make glad; to cheer; to gladden; to exhilarate. Chaucer.
That which gladded all the warrior train. Dryden.
Each drinks the juice that glads the heart of man. Pope.

Glad

Glad, v. i. To be glad; to rejoice. [Obs.] Massinger.

Gladden

Glad"den (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gladdened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gladdening (?).] [See Glad, v. t.] To make glad; to cheer; to please; to gratify; to rejoice; to exhilarate.
A secret pleasure gladdened all that saw him. Addison.

Gladden

Glad"den, v. i. To be or become glad; to rejoice.
The vast Pacific gladdens with the freight. Wordsworth.

Gladder

Glad"der (?), n. One who makes glad. Chaucer.

Glade

Glade (?), n. [Prob. of Scand. origin, and akin to glad, a.; cf. also W. golead, goleuad, a lighting, illumination, fr. goleu light, clear, bright, goleu fwlch glade, lit., a light or clear defile.]

1. An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a forest.

There interspersed in lawns and opening glades. Pope.

2. An everglade. [Local, U. S.]

3. An opening in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left unfrozen; also, smooth ice. [Local, U. S.] Bottom glade. See under Bottom. -- Glade net, in England, a net used for catching woodcock and other birds in forest glades.

Gladen

Gla"den (?), n. [AS. gl\'91dene, cf. L. gladius a sword. Cf. Gladiole.] (Bot.) Sword grass; any plant with sword-shaped leaves, esp. the European Iris f\'d2tidissima. [Written also gladwyn, gladdon, and glader.]

Gladeye

Glad"eye` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European yellow-hammer.

Gladful

Glad"ful (?), a. Full of gladness; joyful; glad. [R.] -- Glad"ful*ness, n. [R.] Spenser.
It followed him with gladful glee. Spenser.

Gladiate

Glad"i*ate (?), a. [L. gladius sword.] (Bot.) Sword-shaped; resembling a sword in form, as the leaf of the iris, or of the gladiolus.

Gladiator

Glad"i*a`tor (?), n. [L., fr. gladius sword. See Glaive.]

1. Originally, a swordplayer; hence, one who fought with weapons in public, either on the occasion of a funeral ceremony, or in the arena, for public amusement.

2. One who engages in any fierce combat or controversy.

Gladiatorial, Gladiatorian

Glad`i*a*to"ri*al (?), Glad`i*a*to"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to gladiators, or to contests or combatants in general.

Gladiatorism

Glad"i*a`tor*ism (?), n. The art or practice of a gladiator.

Gladiatorship

Glad"i*a`tor*ship, n. Conduct, state, or art, of a gladiator.

Gladiatory

Glad"i*a*to*ry (?), a. [L. gladiatorius.] Gladiatorial. [R.]

Gladiature

Glad"i*a*ture (?), n. [L. gladiatura.] Swordplay; fencing; gladiatorial contest. Gayton.

Gladiole

Glad"i*ole (?), n. [L. gladiolus a small sword, the sword lily, dim. of gladius sword. See Glaive.] (Bot.) A lilylike plant, of the genus Gladiolus; -- called also corn flag.

Gladiolus

Gla*di"o*lus (?), n.; pl. L. Gladioli (#), E. Gladioluses (#). [L. See Gladiole.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having bulbous roots and gladiate leaves, and including many species, some of which are cultivated and valued for the beauty of their flowers; the corn flag; the sword lily.

2. (Anat.) The middle portion of the sternum in some animals; the mesosternum.

Gladius

Gla"di*us (?), n.; pl. Gladii (#). [L., a sword.] (Zo\'94l.) The internal shell, or pen, of cephalopods like the squids.

Gladly

Glad"ly (?), adv. [From Glad, a.]

1. Preferably; by choice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. With pleasure; joyfully; cheerfully; eagerly.

The common people heard him gladly. Mark xii. 37.

Gladness

Glad"ness (?), n. [AS. gl\'91dnes.] State or quality of being glad; pleasure; joyful satisfaction; cheerfulness.
They . . . did eat their meat with gladness and singleness of heart. Acts ii. 46.
&hand; Gladness is rarely or never equivalent to mirth, merriment, gayety, and triumph, and it usually expresses less than delight. It sometimes expresses great joy.
The Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day. Esther viii. 17.

Gladship

Glad"ship, n. [AS. gl\'91dscipe.] A state of gladness. [Obs.] Gower.

Gladsome

Glad"some (?), a.

1. Pleased; joyful; cheerful.

2. Causing joy, pleasure, or cheerfulness; having the appearance of gayety; pleasing.

Of opening heaven they sung, and gladsome day. Prior.
-- Glad"some*ly, adv. -- Glad"some*ness, n.
Hours of perfect gladsomeness. Wordsworth.

Gladstone

Glad"stone (?), n. [Named after Wm. E. Gladstone.] A four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two inside seats, calash top, and seats for driver and footman.

Gladwyn

Glad"wyn (?), n. (Bot.) See Gladen.

Glair

Glair (?), n. [F. glaire, glaire d'clarus clear, bright. See Clear, a.]

1. The white of egg. It is used as a size or a glaze in bookbinding, for pastry, etc.

2. Any viscous, transparent substance, resembling the white of an egg.

3. A broadsword fixed on a pike; a kind of halberd.

Glair

Glair, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glaired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glairing.] To smear with the white of an egg.

Glaire

Glaire (?), n. See Glair.

Glaireous

Glair"e*ous (?), a. Glairy; covered with glair.

Glairin

Glair"in (?), n. A glairy viscous substance, which forms on the surface of certain mineral waters, or covers the sides of their inclosures; -- called also baregin.

Glairy

Glair"y (?), a. Like glair, or partaking of its qualities; covered with glair; viscous and transparent; slimy. Wiseman.

Glaive

Glaive (?), n. [F. glaive, L. gladius; prob. akin to E. claymore. Cf. Gladiator.]

1. A weapon formerly used, consisting of a large blade fixed on the end of a pole, whose edge was on the outside curve; also, a light lance with a long sharp-pointed head. Wilhelm.

2. A sword; -- used poetically and loosely.

The glaive which he did wield. Spenser.

Glama

Gla"ma (?), n. [NL.;cf. Gr. gramiae, Gr. (Med.) A copious gummy secretion of the humor of the eyelids, in consequence of some disorder; blearedness; lippitude.

Glamour

Gla"mour (?), n. [Scot. glamour, glamer; cf. Icel. gl\'a0meggdr one who is troubled with the glaucoma (?); or Icel. gl\'bem-s weakness of sight, glamour; gl\'bemr name of the moon, also of a ghost + s sight akin to E. see. Perh., however, a corruption of E. gramarye.]

1. A charm affecting the eye, making objects appear different from what they really are.

2. Witchcraft; magic; a spell. Tennyson.

3. A kind of haze in the air, causing things to appear different from what they really are.

The air filled with a strange, pale glamour that seemed to lie over the broad valley. W. Black.

4. Any artificial interest in, or association with, an object, through which it appears delusively magnified or glorified. Glamour gift, Glamour might, the gift or power of producing a glamour. The former is used figuratively, of the gift of fascination peculiar to women.

It had much of glamour might To make a lady seem a knight. Sir W. Scott.

Glamourie

Glam"ou*rie (?), n. Glamour. [Scot.]

Glance

Glance (?), n. [Akin to D. glans luster, brightness, G. glanz, Sw. glans, D. glands brightness, glimpse. Cf. Gleen, Glint, Glitter, and Glance a mineral.]

1. A sudden flash of light or splendor.

Swift as the lightning glance. Milton.

2. A quick cast of the eyes; a quick or a casual look; a swift survey; a glimpse.

Dart not scornful glances from those eyes. Shak.

3. An incidental or passing thought or allusion.

How fleet is a glance of the mind. Cowper.

4. (Min.) A name given to some sulphides, mostly dark-colored, which have a brilliant metallic luster, as the sulphide of copper, called copper glance. Glance coal, anthracite; a mineral composed chiefly of carbon. -- Glance cobalt, cobaltite, or gray cobalt. -- Glance copper, c -- Glance wood, a hard wood grown in Cuba, and used for gauging instruments, carpenters' rules, etc. McElrath.

Glance

Glance, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glancing (?).]

1. To shoot or emit a flash of light; to shine; to flash.

From art, from nature, from the schools, Let random influences glance, Like light in many a shivered lance, That breaks about the dappled pools. Tennyson.

2. To strike and fly off in an oblique direction; to dart aside. "Your arrow hath glanced". Shak.

On me the curse aslope Glanced on the ground. Milton.

3. To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye; to snatch a momentary or hasty view.

The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven. Shak.

4. To make an incidental or passing reflection; to allude; to hint; -- often with at.

Wherein obscurely C\'91sar\'b6s ambition shall be glanced at. Shak.
He glanced at a certain reverend doctor. Swift.

5. To move quickly, appearing and disappearing rapidly; to be visible only for an instant at a time; to move interruptedly; to twinkle.

And all along the forum and up the sacred seat, His vulture eye pursued the trip of those small glancing feet. Macaulay.

Glance

Glance (?), v. t.

1. To shoot or dart suddenly or obliquely; to cast for a moment; as, to glance the eye.

2. To hint at; to touch lightly or briefly. [Obs.]

In company I often glanced it. Shak.

Glancing

Glan"cing (?), a.

1. Shooting, as light.

When through the gancing lightnings fly. Rowe.

2. Flying off (after striking) in an oblique direction; as, a glancing shot.

Glancingly

Glan"cing*ly, adv. In a glancing manner; transiently; incidentally; indirectly. Hakewill.

Gland

Gland (?), n. [F. glande, L. glans, glandis, acorn; akin to Gr. Parable, n.]

1. (Anat.) (a) An organ for secreting something to be used in, or eliminated from, the body; as, the sebaceous glands of the skin; the salivary glands of the mouth. (b) An organ or part which resembles a secreting, or true, gland, as the ductless, lymphatic, pineal, and pituitary glands, the functions of which are very imperfectly known. &hand; The true secreting glands are, in principle, narrow pouches of the mucous membranes, or of the integument, lined with a continuation of the epithelium, or of the epidermis, the cells of which produce the secretion from the blood. In the larger glands, the pouches are tubular, greatly elongated, and coiled, as in the sweat glands, or subdivided and branched, making compound and racemose glands, such as the pancreas.

2. (Bot.) (a) A special organ of plants, usually minute and globular, which often secretes some kind of resinous, gummy, or aromatic product. (b) Any very small prominence.

3. (Steam Mach.) The movable part of a stuffing box by which the packing is compressed; -- sometimes called a follower. See Illust. of Stuffing box, under Stuffing.

4. (Mach.) The crosspiece of a bayonet clutch.

Glandage

Glan"dage (?), n. [Cf. OF. glandage. See Gland.] A feeding on nuts or mast. [Obs.] Crabb.

Glandered

Glan"dered (?), a. Affected with glanders; as, a glandered horse. Yu

Glanderous

Glan"der*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to glanders; of the nature of glanders. Youatt.

Glanders

Glan"ders (?), n. [From Gland.] (Far.) A highly contagious and very destructive disease of horses, asses, mules, etc., characterized by a constant discharge of sticky matter from the nose, and an enlargement and induration of the glands beneath and within the lower jaw. It may transmitted to dogs, goats, sheep, and to human beings.

Glandiferous

Glan*dif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glandifer; glans, glandis, acorn + ferre to bear; cf. F. glandif\'8are.] Bearing acorns or other nuts; as, glandiferous trees.

Glandiform

Gland"i*form (?), a. [L. glans, glandis, acorn + -form: cf. F. glandiforme .] Having the form of a gland or nut; resembling a gland.

Glandular

Glan"du*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. glandulaire. See Glandule.] Containing or supporting glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands.

Glandulation

Glan`du*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. glandulation.] (Bot.) The situation and structure of the secretory vessels in plants. Martyn.
Glandulation respects the secretory vessels, which are either glandules, follicles, or utricles. J. Lee.

Glandule

Glan"dule (?), n. [L. glandula, dim. of glans, glandis, acorn: cf. F. glandule. See Gland.] A small gland or secreting vessel.

Glanduliferous

Glan`du*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glandula gland + -ferous; cf. F. glandulif\'8are.] Bearing glandules.

Glandulose

Glan"du*lose` (?), a. Same as Glandulous.

Glandulosity

Glan`du*los"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being glandulous; a collection of glands. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Glandulous

Glan"du*lous (?), a. [L. glandulosus: cf. F. glanduleux.] Containing glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands; resembling glands.

Glans

Glans (?) n.; pl. Glandes (#). [L. See Gland.]

1. (Anat.) The vascular body which forms the apex of the penis, and the extremity of the clitoris.

2. (Bot.) The acorn or mast of the oak and similar fruits. Gray.

3. (Med.) (a) Goiter. (b) A pessary. [Obs.]

Glare

Glare (gl&acir;r), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glaring.] [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. gl\'91r amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]

1. To shine with a bright, dazzling light.

The cavern glares with new-admitted light. Dryden.

2. To look with fierce, piercing eyes; to stare earnestly, angrily, or fiercely.

And eye that scorcheth all it glares upon. Byron.

3. To be bright and intense, as certain colors; to be ostentatiously splendid or gay.

She glares in balls, front boxes, and the ring. Pope.

Glare

Glare, v. t. To shoot out, or emit, as a dazzling light.
Every eye Glared lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire. Milton.

Glare

Glare, n.

1. A bright, dazzling light; splendor that dazzles the eyes; a confusing and bewildering light.

The frame of burnished steel that cast a glare. Dryden.

2. A fierce, piercing look or stare.

About them round, A lion now he stalks with fiery glare. Milton.

3. A viscous, transparent substance. See Glair.

4. A smooth, bright, glassy surface; as, a glare of ice. [U. S. ]

Glare

Glare, a. [See Glary, and Glare, n.] Smooth and bright or translucent; -- used almost exclusively of ice; as, skating on glare ice. [U. S.]<-- used generally of reflections of the sun -->
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Glareous

Glar"e*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. glaireux. See Glair.] Glairy. John Georgy (1766).

Glariness, Glaringness

Glar"i*ness (?), Glar"ing*ness, n. A dazzling luster or brilliancy.

Glaring

Glar"ing, a. Clear; notorious; open and bold; barefaced; as, a glaring crime. -- Glar"ing*ly, adv.

Glary

Glar"y (?), a. Of a dazzling luster; glaring; bright; shining; smooth.
Bright, crystal glass is glary. Boyle.

Glass

Glass (?), n. [OE. glas, gles, AS. gl\'91s; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. glas, Icel. glas, gler, Dan. glar; cf. AS. gl\'91r amber, L. glaesum. Cf. Glare, n., Glaze, v. t.]

1. A hard, brittle, translucent, and commonly transparent substance, white or colored, having a conchoidal fracture, and made by fusing together sand or silica with lime, potash, soda, or lead oxide. It is used for window panes and mirrors, for articles of table and culinary use, for lenses, and various articles of ornament. &hand; Glass is variously colored by the metallic oxides; thus, manganese colors it violet; copper (cuprous), red, or (cupric) green; cobalt, blue; uranium, yellowish green or canary yellow; iron, green or brown; gold, purple or red; tin, opaque white; chromium, emerald green; antimony, yellow.

2. (Chem.) Any substance having a peculiar glassy appearance, and a conchoidal fracture, and usually produced by fusion.

3. Anything made of glass. Especially: (a) A looking-glass; a mirror. (b) A vessel filled with running sand for measuring time; an hourglass; and hence, the time in which such a vessel is exhausted of its sand.

She would not live The running of one glass. Shak.
(c) A drinking vessel; a tumbler; a goblet; hence, the contents of such a vessel; especially; spirituous liquors; as, he took a glass at dinner. (d) An optical glass; a lens; a spyglass; -- in the plural, spectacles; as, a pair of glasses; he wears glasses. (e) A weatherglass; a barometer. &hand; Glass is much used adjectively or in combination; as, glass maker, or glassmaker; glass making or glassmaking; glass blower or glassblower, etc. Bohemian glass, Cut glass, etc. See under Bohemian, Cut, etc. -- Crown glass, a variety of glass, used for making the finest plate or window glass, and consisting essentially of silicate of soda or potash and lime, with no admixture of lead; the convex half of an achromatic lens is composed of crown glass; -- so called from a crownlike shape given it in the process of blowing. -- Crystal glass, ∨ Flint glass. See Flint glass, in the Vocabulary. -- Cylinder glass, sheet glass made by blowing the glass in the form of a cylinder which is then split longitudinally, opened out, and flattened. -- Glass of antimony, a vitreous oxide of antimony mixed with sulphide. -- Glass blower, one whose occupation is to blow and fashion glass. -- Glass blowing, the art of shaping glass, when reduced by heat to a viscid state, by inflating it through a tube. -- Glass cloth, a woven fabric formed of glass fibers. -- Glass coach, a coach superior to a hackney-coach, hired for the day, or any short period, as a private carriage; -- so called because originally private carriages alone had glass windows. [Eng.] Smart.
Glass coaches are [allowed in English parks from which ordinary hacks are excluded], meaning by this term, which is never used in America, hired carriages that do not go on stands. J. F. Cooper.
-- Glass cutter. (a) One who cuts sheets of glass into sizes for window panes, ets. (b) One who shapes the surface of glass by grinding and polishing. (c) A tool, usually with a diamond at the point, for cutting glass. -- Glass cutting. (a) The act or process of dividing glass, as sheets of glass into panes with a diamond. (b) The act or process of shaping the surface of glass by appylying it to revolving wheels, upon which sand, emery, and, afterwards, polishing powder, are applied; especially of glass which is shaped into facets, tooth ornaments, and the like. Glass having ornamental scrolls, etc., cut upon it, is said to be engraved. -- Glass metal, the fused material for making glass. -- Glass painting, the art or process of producing decorative effects in glass by painting it with enamel colors and combining the pieces together with slender sash bars of lead or other metal. In common parlance, glass painting and glass staining (see Glass staining, below) are used indifferently for all colored decorative work in windows, and the like. -- Glass paper, paper faced with pulvirezed glass, and used for abrasive purposes. -- Glass silk, fine threads of glass, wound, when in fusion, on rapidly rotating heated cylinders. -- Glass silvering, the process of transforming plate glass into mirrors by coating it with a reflecting surface, a deposit of silver, or a mercury amalgam. -- Glass soap, ∨ Glassmaker's soap, the black oxide of manganese or other substances used by glass makers to take away color from the materials for glass. -- Glass staining, the art or practice of coloring glass in its whole substance, or, in the case of certain colors, in a superficial film only; also, decorative work in glass. Cf. Glass painting. -- Glass tears. See Rupert's drop. -- Glass works, an establishment where glass is made. -- Heavy glass, a heavy optical glass, consisting essentially of a borosilicate of potash. -- Millefiore glass. See Millefiore. -- Plate glass, a fine kind of glass, cast in thick plates, and flattened by heavy rollers, -- used for mirrors and the best windows. -- Pressed glass, glass articles formed in molds by pressure when hot. -- Soluble glass (Chem.), a silicate of sodium or potassium, found in commerce as a white, glassy mass, a stony powder, or dissolved as a viscous, sirupy liquid; -- used for rendering fabrics incombustible, for hardening artificial stone, etc.; -- called also water glass. -- Spun glass, glass drawn into a thread while liquid. -- Toughened glass, Tempered glass, glass finely tempered or annealed, by a peculiar method of sudden cooling by plunging while hot into oil, melted wax, or paraffine, etc.; -- called also, from the name of the inventor of the process, Bastie glass. -- Water glass. (Chem.) See Soluble glass, above. -- Window glass, glass in panes suitable for windows.

Glass

Glass, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glassing.]

1. To reflect, as in a mirror; to mirror; -- used reflexively.

Happy to glass themselves in such a mirror. Motley.
Where the Almighty's form glasses itself in tempests. Byron.

2. To case in glass. [R.] Shak.

3. To cover or furnish with glass; to glaze. Boyle.

4. To smooth or polish anything, as leater, by rubbing it with a glass burnisher.

Glass-crab

Glass"-crab` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The larval state (Phyllosoma) of the genus Palinurus and allied genera. It is remarkable for its strange outlines, thinness, and transparency. See Phyllosoma.

Glassen

Glass"en (?), a. Glassy; glazed. [Obs.]
And pursues the dice with glassen eyes. B. Jonson.

Glasseye

Glass"eye` (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the great lakes; the wall-eyed pike.

2. (Far.) A species of blindness in horses in which the eye is bright and the pupil dilated; a sort of amaurosis. Youatt.

Glass-faced

Glass"-faced` (?), a. Mirror-faced; reflecting the sentiments of another. [R.] "The glass-faced flatterer." Shak.

Glassful

Glass"ful (?), n.; pl. Glassfuls (. The contents of a glass; as much of anything as a glass will hold.

Glassful

Glass"ful, a. Glassy; shining like glass. [Obs.] "Minerva's glassful shield." Marston.

Glass-gazing

Glass"-gaz`ing (?), a. Given to viewing one's self in a glass or mirror; finical. [Poetic] Shak.

Glasshouse

Glass"house` (?), n. A house where glass is made; a commercial house that deals in glassware.

Glassily

Glass"i*ly (?), adv. So as to resemble glass.

Glassiness

Glass"i*ness, n. The quality of being glassy.

Glassite

Glass"ite (?), n. A member of a Scottish sect, founded in the 18th century by John Glass, a minister of the Established Church of Scotland, who taught that justifying faith is "no more than a simple assent to the divine testimone passively recived by the understanding." The English and American adherents of this faith are called Sandemanians, after Robert Sandeman, the son-in-law and disciple of Glass.

Glass maker, ∨ Glassmaker

Glass" mak`er (?), ∨ Glass"mak`er, n. One who makes, or manufactures, glass. -- Glass" mak`ing, ∨ Glass"mak`ing, n.

Glass-rope

Glass"-rope` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A remarkable vitreous sponge, of the genus Hyalonema, first brought from Japan. It has a long stem, consisting of a bundle of long and large, glassy, siliceous fibers, twisted together.

Glass-snail

Glass"-snail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small, transparent, land snail, of the genus Vitrina.

Glass-snake

Glass"-snake` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A long, footless lizard (Ophiosaurus ventralis), of the Southern United States; -- so called from its fragility, the tail easily breaking into small pieces. It grows to the length of three feet. The name is applied also to similar species found in the Old World.

Glass-sponge

Glass"-sponge` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A siliceous sponge, of the genus Hyalonema, and allied genera; -- so called from their glassy fibers or spicules; -- called also vitreous sponge. See Glass-rope, and Euplectella.

Glassware

Glass"ware (?), n. Ware, or articles collectively, made of glass.

Glasswork

Glass"work` (?), n. Manufacture of glass; articles or ornamentation made of glass.

Glasswort

Glass"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A seashore plant of the Spinach family (Salicornia herbacea), with succulent jointed stems; also, a prickly plant of the same family (Salsola Kali), both formerly burned for the sake of the ashes, which yield soda for making glass and soap.

Glassy

Glass"y (?), a.

1. Made of glass; vitreous; as, a glassy substance. Bacon.

2. Resembling glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness, or transparency; as, a glassy stream; a glassy surface; the glassy deep.

3. Dull; wanting life or fire; lackluster; -- said of the eyes. "In his glassy eye." Byron. Glassy feldspar (Min.), a variety of orthoclase; sanidine.

Glasstonbury thorn

Glass"ton*bur*y thorn` (?). (Bot.) A variety of the common hawthorn. Loudon.

Glasynge

Glas"ynge (?), n. Glazing or glass. [Obs.]

Glauberite

Glau"ber*ite (?), n. [From Glauber, a German chemist, died 1668: cf. F. glaub\'82rite, G. glauberit.] (Min.) A mineral, consisting of the sulphates of soda and lime.

Glauber's salt ∨ Glauber's salts

Glau"ber's salt` (?)Glau"ber's salts` (
. [G. glaubersalz, from Glauber, a German chemist who discovered it. See Glauberite.] Sulphate of soda, a well-known cathartic. It is a white crystalline substance, with a cooling, slightly bitter taste, and is commonly called "salts." &hand; It occurs naturally and abundantly in some mineral springs, and in many salt deposits, as the mineral mirabilite. It is manufactured in large quantities as an intermediate step in the "soda process," and also for use in glass making.

Glaucescent

Glau*ces"cent (?), a. [See Glaucous.] Having a somewhat glaucous appearance or nature; becoming glaucous.

Glaucic

Glau"cic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to the Glaucium or horned poppy; -- formerly applied to an acid derived from it, now known to be fumaric acid.

Glaucine

Glau"cine (?), a. Glaucous or glaucescent.

Glaucine

Glau"cine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the plant Glaucium, as a bitter, white, crystalline substance.

Glaucodot

Glau"co*dot (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A metallic mineral having a grayish tin-white color, and containing cobalt and iron, with sulphur and arsenic.

Glaucoma

Glau*co"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) Dimness or abolition of sight, with a diminution of transparency, a bluish or greenish tinge of the refracting media of the eye, and a hard inelastic condition of the eyeball, with marked increase of tension within the eyeball.

Glaucomatous

Glau*co"ma*tous (?), a. Having the nature of glaucoma.

Glaucometer

Glau*com"e*ter (?), n. See Gleucometer.

Glauconite

Glau"co*nite (?), n. [Cf. F. glauconite, glauconie, fr. L. glaucus. See Glaucous.] (Min.) The green mineral characteristic of the greensand of the chalk and other formations. It is a hydrous silicate of iron and potash. See Greensand.

Glaucophane

Glau"co*phane (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A mineral of a dark bluish color, related to amphibole. It is characteristic of certain crystalline rocks.

Glaucosis

Glau*co"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Same as Glaucoma.

Glaucous

Glau"cous (?), a. [L. glaucus, Gr.

1. Of a sea-green color; of a dull green passing into grayish blue. Lindley.

2. (Bot.) Covered with a fine bloom or fine white powder easily rubbed off, as that on a blue plum, or on a cabbage leaf. Gray.

Glaucus

Glau"cus (?), n. [L., sea green.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of nudibranchiate mollusks, found in the warmer latitudes, swimming in the open sea. These mollusks are beautifully colored with blue and silvery white.

Glaum

Glaum (?), v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To grope with the hands, as in the dark. [Scot.] To glaum at, to grasp or snatch at; to aspire to.
Wha glaum'd at kingdoms three. Burns.

Glave

Glave (?), n. See Glaive.

Glaver

Glav"er (?), v. i. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glafr flattery.]

1. To prate; to jabber; to babble. [Obs.]

Here many, clepid filosophirs, glavern diversely. Wyclif.

2. To flatter; to wheedle. [Obs.]

Some slavish, glavering, flattering parasite. South.

Glaverer

Glav"er*er (?), n. A flatterer. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.

Glaymore

Glay"more` (?), n. A claymore. Johnson.

Glase

Glase (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glazing.] [OE. glasen, glazen, fr. glas. See Glass.]

1. To furnish (a window, a house, a sash, a ease, etc.) with glass.

Two cabinets daintily paved, richly handed, and glazed with crystalline glass. Bacon.

2. To incrust, cover, or overlay with a thin surface, consisting of, or resembling, glass; as, to glaze earthenware; hence, to render smooth, glasslike, or glossy; as, to glaze paper, gunpowder, and the like.

Sorrow's eye glazed with blinding tears. Shak.

3. (Paint.) To apply thinly a transparent or semitransparent color to (another color), to modify the effect.

Glaze

Glaze, v. i. To become glazed of glassy.

Glaze

Glaze, n.

1. The vitreous coating of pottery or porcelain; anything used as a coating or color in glazing. See Glaze, v. t., 3. Ure.

2. (Cookery) Broth reduced by boiling to a gelatinous paste, and spread thinly over braised dishes.

3. A glazing oven. See Glost oven.

Glazen

Glaz"en (?), a. [AS. gl\'91sen.] Resembling glass; glasslike; glazed. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Glazer

Glaz"er (?), n.

1. One who applies glazing, as in pottery manufacture, etc.; one who gives a glasslike or glossy surface to anything; a calenderer or smoother of cloth, paper, and the like.

2. A tool or machine used in glazing, polishing, smoothing, etc.; amoung cutlers and lapidaries, a wooden wheel covered with emery, or having a band of lead and tin alloy, for polishing cutlery, etc.

Glazier

Gla"zier (?), n. [From Glaze.] One whose business is to set glass. Glazier's diamond. See under Diamond.

Glazing

Glaz"ing (?), n.

1. The act or art of setting glass; the art of covering with a vitreous or glasslike substance, or of polishing or rendering glossy.

2. The glass set, or to be set, in a sash, frame. etc.

3. The glass, glasslike, or glossy substance with which any surface is incrusted or overlaid; as, the glazing of pottery or porcelain, or of paper.

4. (Paint.) Transparent, or semitransparent, colors passed thinly over other colors, to modify the effect.

Glazy

Glaz"y (?), a. Having a glazed appearance; -- said of the fractured surface of some kinds of pin iron.

Glead

Glead (?), n. A live coal. See Gleed. [Archaic]

Gleam

Gleam (?), v. i. [Cf. OE. glem birdlime, glue, phlegm, and E. englaimed.] (Falconry) To disgorge filth, as a hawk.

Gleam

Gleam, n. [OE. glem, gleam, AS. gl\'91m, prob. akin to E. glimmer, and perh. to Gr. Glitter.]

1. A shoot of light; a small stream of light; a beam; a ray; a glimpse.

Transient unexpected gleams of joi. Addison.
At last a gleam Of dawning light turned thitherward in haste His [Satan's] traveled steps. Milton.
A glimmer, and then a gleam of light. Longfellow.

2. Brightness; splendor.

In the clear azure gleam the flocks are seen. Pope.

Gleam

Gleam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gleamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gleaming.]

1. To shoot, or dart, as rays of light; as, at the dawn, light gleams in the east.

2. To shine; to cast light; to glitter. Syn. -- To Gleam, Glimmer, Glitter. To gleam denotes a faint but distinct emission of light. To glimmer describes an indistinct and unsteady giving of light. To glitter imports a brightness that is intense, but varying. The morning light gleams upon the earth; a distant taper glimmers through the mist; a dewdrop glitters in the sun. See Flash.

Gleam

Gleam, v. t. To shoot out (flashes of light, etc.).
Dying eyes gleamed forth their ashy lights. Shak.

Gleamy

Gleam"y, a. Darting beams of light; casting light in rays; flashing; coruscating.
In brazed arms, that cast a gleamy ray, Swift through the town the warrior bends his way. Pope.

Page 630

Glean

Glean (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gleaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gleaning.] [OE. glenen, OF. glener, glaner, F. glaner, fr. LL. glenare; cf. W. glan clean, glanh to clean, purify, or AS. gelm, gilm, a hand

1. To gather after a reaper; to collect in scattered or fragmentary parcels, as the grain left by a reaper, or grapes left after the gathering.

To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps. Shak.

2. To gather from (a field or vineyard) what is left.

3. To collect with patient and minute labor; to pick out; to obtain.

Content to glean what we can from . . . experiments. Locke.

Glean

Glean, v. i.

1. To gather stalks or ears of grain left by reapers.

And she went, and came, and gleaned in the field after the reapers. Ruth ii. 3.

2. To pick up or gather anything by degrees.

Piecemeal they this acre first, then that; Glean on, and gather up the whole estate. Pope.

Glean

Glean, n. A collection made by gleaning.
The gleans of yellow thyme distend his thighs. Dryden.

Glean

Glean, n. Cleaning; afterbirth. [Obs.] Holland.

Gleaner

Glean"er (?), n.

1. One who gathers after reapers.

2. One who gathers slowly with labor. Locke.

Gleaning

Glean"ing, n. The act of gathering after reapers; that which is collected by gleaning.
Glenings of natural knowledge. Cook.

Glebe

Glebe (?), n. [F. gl\'8abe, L. gleba, glaeba, clod, land, soil.]

1. A lump; a clod.

2. Turf; soil; ground; sod.

Fertile of corn the glebe, of oil, and wine. Milton.

3. (Eccl. Law) The land belonging, or yielding revenue, to a parish church or ecclesiastical benefice.

Glebeless

Glebe"less, a. Having no glebe.

Glebosity

Gle*bos"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being glebous. [R.]

Glebous, Gleby

Gleb"ous (?), Gleb"y (?), a. [Cf. L. glaebosus cloddy.] Pertaining to the glebe; turfy; cloddy; fertile; fruitful. "Gleby land." Prior.

Glede

Glede (?), n. [AS. glida, akin to Icel. gle,, Sw. glada. Cf. Glide, v. i.] (Zo\'94l.) The common European kite (Milvus ictinus). This name is also sometimes applied to the buzzard. [Written also glead, gled, gleed, glade, and glide.]

Glede

Glede, n. [See Gleed.] A live coal. [Archaic]
The cruel ire, red as any glede. Chaucer.

Glee

Glee (?), n. [OE. gle, gleo, AS. gle\'a2w, gle\'a2, akin to Icel. gl: cf. Gr.

1. Music; minstrelsy; entertainment. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; paricularly, the mirth enjoyed at a feast. Spenser.

3. (Mus.) An unaccompanied part song for three or more solo voices. It is not necessarily gleesome.

Gleed

Gleed (?), n. [AS. gl, fr. gl to glow as a fire; akin to D. gloed, G. glut, Icel. gl. See Glow, v. i.] A live or glowing coal; a glede. [Archaic] Chaucer. Longfellow.

Gleeful

Glee"ful (?), a. Merry; gay; joyous. Shak.

Gleek

Gleek (?), n. [Prob. fr. Icel. leika to play, play a trick on, with the prefix ge-; akin to AS. gel\'becan, Sw. leka to play, Dan. lege.]

1. A jest or scoff; a trick or deception. [Obs.]

Where's the Bastard's braves, and Charles his gleeks ? Shak.

2. [Cf. Glicke] An enticing look or glance. [Obs.]

A pretty gleek coming from Pallas' eye. Beau. & Fl.

Gleek

Gleek, v. i. To make sport; to gibe; to sneer; to spend time idly. [Obs.] Shak.

Gleek

Gleek, n. [OF. glic, G. gl\'81ck, fortune. See Luck.]

1. A game at cards, once popular, played by three persons. [Obs.] Pepys. Evelyn.

2. Three of the same cards held in the same hand; -- hence, three of anything. [Obs.]

Gleeman

Glee"man (?), n.; pl. Gleemen (#). [Glee + man; AS. gle\'a2man.] A name anciently given to an itinerant minstrel or musician.

Gleen

Gleen (?), v. i. [Cf. Glance, Glint.] To glisten; to gleam. [Obs.] Prior.

Gleesome

Glee"some (?), a. Merry; joyous; gleeful.

Gleet

Gleet (?), n. [OE. glette, glet, glat, mucus, pus, filth, OF. glete.] (Med.) A transparent mucous discharge from the membrane of the urethra, commonly an effect of gonorrhea. Hoblyn.

Gleet

Gleet, v. i.

1. To flow in a thin, limpid humor; to ooze, as gleet. Wiseman.

2. To flow slowly, as water. Cheyne.

Gleety

Gleet"y (?), a. Ichorous; thin; limpid. Wiseman.

Gleg

Gleg (?), a. [Icel. gl\'94ggr.] Quick of perception; alert; sharp. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Gleire, Gleyre

Gleire (?), Gleyre
, n. See Glair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Glen

Glen (?), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glyn a deep valley, Ir. & Gael. gleann valley, glen.] A secluded and narrow valley; a dale; a depression between hills.
And wooes the widow's daughter of the glen. Spenser.

Glenlivat, Glenlivet

Glen*liv"at (?), Glen*liv"et (?), n. A kind of Scotch whisky, named from the district in which it was first made. W. E. Aytoun.

Glenoid

Gle"noid (?), a. [Gr. gl\'82no\'8bde
.]
(Anat.) Having the form of a smooth and shallow depression; sockas, the glenoid cavity, or fossa, of the scapula, in which the head of the humerus articulates.

Glenoidal

Gle*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Glenoid.

Glent

Glent (?), n. & v. See Glint.

Gleucometer

Gleu*com"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter
: cf. F. gleucom\'8atre.]
An instrument for measuring the specific gravity and ascertaining the quantity of sugar contained in must.

Glew

Glew (?), n. See Glue. [Obs.]

Gley

Gley (?), v. i. [OE. gli, glien, gleien, to shine, to squint; cf. Icel. glj\'be to glitter.] To squint; to look obliquely; to overlook things. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Gley

Gley (?), adv. Asquint; askance; obliquely.

Gliadin

Gli"a*din (?), n. [Gr. gliadine.] (Chem.) Vegetable glue or gelatin; glutin. It is one of the constituents of wheat gluten, and is a tough, amorphous substance, which resembles animal glue or gelatin.

Glib

Glib (?), a. [Compar. Glibber (?); superl. Glibbest (?).] [Prob. fr. D. glibberen, glippen, to slide, glibberig, glipperig, glib, slippery.]

1. Smooth; slippery; as, ice is glib. [Obs.]

2. Speaking or spoken smoothly and with flippant rapidity; fluent; voluble; as, a glib tongue; a glib speech.

I want that glib and oily art, To speak and purpose not. Shak.
Syn. -- Slippery; smooth; fluent; voluble; flippant.

Glib

Glib, v. t. To make glib. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Glib

Glib, n. [Ir. & Gael. glib a lock of hair.] A thick lock of hair, hanging over the eyes. [Obs.]
The Irish have, from the Scythians, mantles and long glibs, which is a thick curied bush of hair hanging down over their eyes, and monstrously disguising them. Spenser.
Their wild costume of the glib and mantle. Southey.

Glib

Glib, v. t. [Cf. O. & Prov. E. lib to castrate, geld, Prov. Dan. live, LG. & OD. lubben.] To castrate; to geld; to emasculate. [Obs.] Shak.

Gilbbery

Gilb"ber*y (?), a.

1. Slippery; changeable. [Obs.]

My love is glibbery; there is no hold on't. Marston.

2. Moving easily; nimble; voluble. [Obs.]

Thy lubrical and glibbery muse. B. Jonson.

Glibly

Glib"ly, adv. In a glib manner; as, to speak glibly.

Glibness

Glib"ness, n. The quality of being glib.

Glicke

Glicke (?), n. [Cf. Gleek, n., 2, and Ir. & Gael. glic wise, cunning, crafty.] An ogling look. [Obs.]

Glidden

Glid"den (?), obs. p. p. of Glide. Chaucer.

Glidder, Gliddery

Glid"der (?), Glid"der*y (?), a. [Cf. Glide.] Giving no sure footing; smooth; slippery. [Prov. Eng.]
Shingle, slates, and gliddery stones. R. D. Blackmore.

Glide

Glide (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The glede or kite.

Glide

Glide, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glided; p. pr. & vb. n. Gliding.] [AS. gl\'c6dan; akin to D. glijden, OHG. gl\'c6tan, G. gleiten, Sw. glida, Dan. glide, and prob. to E. glad.]

1. To move gently and smoothly; to pass along without noise, violence, or apparent effort; to pass rapidly and easily, or with a smooth, silent motion, as a river in its channel, a bird in the air, a skater over ice.

The river glideth at his own sweet will. Wordsworth.

2. (Phon.) To pass with a glide, as the voice.

Glide

Glide, n.

1. The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly, and without labor or obstruction.

They prey at last ensnared, he dreadful darts, With rapid glide, along the leaning line. Thomson.
Seeing Orlando, it unlink'd itself, And with indented glides did slip away. Shak.

2. (Phon.) A transitional sound in speech which is produced by the changing of the mouth organs from one definite position to another, and with gradual change in the most frequent cases; as in passing from the begining to the end of a regular diphthong, or from vowel to consonant or consonant to vowel in a syllable, or from one component to the other of a double or diphthongal consonant (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 19, 161, 162). Also (by Bell and others), the vanish (or brief final element) or the brief initial element, in a class of diphthongal vowels, or the brief final or initial part of some consonants (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 18, 97, 191). &hand; The on-glide of a vowel or consonant is the glidemade in passing to it, the off-glide, one made in passing from it. Glides of the other sort are distinguished as initial or final, or fore-glides and after-glides. For voice-glide, see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 17, 95.

Gliden

Glid"en (?), obs. p. p. of Glide. Chaucer.

Glider

Glid"er (?), n. One who, or that which, glides.

Glidingly

Glid"ing*ly, adv. In a gliding manner.

Gliff

Gliff (?), n. [Cf. OE. gliffen, gliften, to look with fear at.]

1. A transient glance; an unexpected view of something that startles one; a sudden fear. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.

2. A moment: as, for a gliff. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Glike

Glike (?), n. [See Gleek a jest.] A sneer; a flout. [Obs.]

Glim

Glim (?), n.

1. Brightness; splendor. [Obs.]

2. A light or candle. [Slang] Dickens. Douse the glim, put out the light. [Slang]

Glimmer

Glim"mer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glimmered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glimmering.] [Akin to G. glimmer a faint, trembling light, mica, glimmern to glimmer, glimmen to shine faintly, glow, Sw. glimma, Dan. glimre, D. glimmen, glimpen. See Gleam a ray, and cf. Glimpse.] To give feeble or scattered rays of light; to shine faintly; to show a faint, unsteady light; as, the glimmering dawn; a glimmering lamp.
The west yet glimmers with some streaks of day. Shak.
Syn. -- To gleam; to glitter. See Gleam, Flash.

Glimmer

Glim"mer, n.

1. A faint, unsteady light; feeble, scattered rays of light; also, a gleam.

Gloss of satin and glimmer of pearls. Tennyson.

2. Mica. See Mica. Woodsward. Glimmer gowk, an owl. [Prov. Eng.] Tennyson.

Glimmering

Glim"mer*ing, n.

1. Faint, unsteady light; a glimmer. South.

2. A faint view or idea; a glimpse; an inkling.

Glimpse

Glimpse (?), n. [For glimse, from the root of glimmer.]

1. A sudden flash; transient luster.

LIght as the lightning glimpse they ran. Milton.

2. A short, hurried view; a transitory or fragmentary perception; a quick sight.

Here hid by shrub wood, there by glimpses seen. S. Rogers.

3. A faint idea; an inkling.

Glimpse

Glimpse (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glimpsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glimpsing.] to appear by glimpses; to catch glimpses. Drayton.

Glimpse

Glimpse, v. t. To catch a glimpse of; to see by glimpses; to have a short or hurried view of.
Some glimpsing and no perfect sight. Chaucer.

Glint

Glint (?), n. [OE. glent.] A glimpse, glance, or gleam. [Scot.] "He saw a glint of light." Ramsay.

Glint

Glint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Glinting.] [OE. glenten. Cf. Glance, v. i., Glitter, v. i.] To glance; to peep forth, as a flower from the bud; to glitter. Burns.

Glint

Glint, v. t. To glance; to turn; as, to glint the eye.

Glioma

Gli*o"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.) A tumor springing from the neuroglia or connective tissue of the brain, spinal cord, or other portions of the nervous system.

Glires

Gli"res (?), n. pl. [L., dormice.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of mammals; the Rodentia. -- Gli"rine (#), a.

Glissade

Glis`sade" (?), n. [F., fr. glisser to slip.] A sliding, as down a snow slope in the Alps. Tyndall.

Glissando

Glis*san"do (?), n. & a. [As if It. = Fr. glissant sliding.] (Mus.) A gliding effect; gliding.

Glissette

Glis*sette" (?), n. [F., fr. glisser to slip.] (Math.) The locus described by any point attached to a curve that slips continuously on another fixed curve, the movable curve having no rotation at any instant.

Glist

Glist (?), n. [From Glisten.] Glimmer; mica.

Glisten

Glis"ten (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glistened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glistening (?).] [OE. glistnian, akin to glisnen, glisien, AS. glisian, glisnian, akin to E. glitter. See Glitter, v. i., and cf. Glister, v. i.] To sparkle or shine; especially, to shine with a mild, subdued, and fitful luster; to emit a soft, scintillating light; to gleam; as, the glistening stars. Syn. -- See Flash.

Glister

Glis"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glistered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glistering.] [OE. glistren; akin to G. glistern,glinstern, D. glinsteren, and E. glisten. See Glisten.] To be bright; to sparkle; to be brilliant; to shine; to glisten; to glitter.
All that glisters is not gold. Shak.

Glister

Glis"ter, n. Glitter; luster.

Glister

Glis"ter, n. [Cf. OF. glistere.] Same as Clyster.

Glisteringly

Glis"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a glistering manner.

Glitter

Glit"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glittering.] [OE. gliteren; akin to Sw. glittra, Icel. glitra, glita, AS. glitenian, OS. gl\'c6tan, OHG. gl\'c6zzan, G. gleissen, Goth. glitmunjan, and also to E. glint, glisten, and prob. glance, gleam.]

1. To sparkle with light; to shine with a brilliant and broken light or showy luster; to gleam; as, a glittering sword.

The field yet glitters with the pomp of war. Dryden.

2. To be showy, specious, or striking, and hence attractive; as, the glittering scenes of a court. Syn. -- To gleam; to glisten; to shine; to sparkle; to glare. See Gleam, Flash.

Glitter

Glit"ter, n. A bright, sparkling light; brilliant and showy luster; brilliancy; as, the glitter of arms; the glitter of royal equipage. Milton.

Glitterand

Glit"ter*and (?), a. Glittering. [Obs.] Spenser.

Glitteringly

Glit"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a glittering manner.

Gloam

Gloam (?), v. i. [See Gloom, Glum.]

1. To begin to grow dark; to grow dusky.

2.

To be sullen or morose. [Obs.]

Gloam

Gloam, n. The twilight; gloaming. [R.] Keats.

Gloaming

Gloam"ing, n. [See Gloom.]

1. Twilight; dusk; the fall of the evening. [Scot. & North of Eng., and in poetry.] Hogg.

2. Sullenness; melancholy. [Obs.] J. Still.

Gloar

Gloar (?), v. i. [OD. gloeren, glueren, gluyeren. Cf. Glower.] To squint; to stare. [Obs.]

Gloat

Gloat (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloated; p. pr. & vb. n. Gloating.] [Akin to Icel. glotta to smile scornfully, G. glotzen to gloat.] To look steadfastly; to gaz
In vengeance gloating on another's pain. Byron.

Globard

Glo"bard (?), n. [OE. globerde, from glow.] A glowworm. [>Obs.] Holland.

Globate, Globated

Glo"bate (?), Glo"ba*ted (?), a. [L. globatus, p. p. of globare to make into a ball, fr. globus ball.] Having the form of a globe; spherical.

Globe

Globe (?), n. [L. globus, perh. akin to L. glomus a ball of yarn, and E. clump, golf: cf. F. globe.]

1. A round or spherical body, solid or hollow; a body whose surface is in every part equidistant from the center; a ball; a sphere.

2. Anything which is nearly spherical or globular in shape; as, the globe of the eye; the globe of a lamp.

3. The earth; the terraqueous ball; -- usually preceded by the definite article. Locke.

4. A round model of the world; a spherical representation of the earth or heavens; as, a terrestrial or celestial globe; -- called also artificial globe.

5. A body of troops, or of men or animals, drawn up in a circle; -- a military formation used by the Romans, answering to the modern infantry square.

Him round A globe of fiery seraphim inclosed. Milton.
Globe amaranth (Bot.), a plant of the genus Gomphrena (G. globosa), bearing round heads of variously colored flowers, which long retain color when gathered. -- Globe animalcule, a small, globular, locomotive organism (Volvox globator), once throught to be an animal, afterward supposed to be a colony of microscopic alg\'91. -- Globe of compression (Mil.), a kind of mine producing a wide crater; -- called also overcharged mine. -- Globe daisy (Bot.), a plant or flower of the genus Globularing, common in Europe. The flowers are minute and form globular heads. -- Globe sight, a form of front sight placed on target rifles. -- Globe slater (Zo\'94l.), an isopod crustacean of the genus Spheroma. -- Globe thistle (Bot.), a thistlelike plant with the flowers in large globular heads (Cynara Scolymus); also, certain species of the related genus Echinops. -- Globe valve. (a) A ball valve. (b) A valve inclosed in a globular chamber. Knight.
Page 631

Syn. -- Globe, Sphere, Orb, Ball. -- Globe denotes a round, and usually a solid body; sphere is the term applied in astronomy to such a body, or to the concentric spheres or orbs of the old astronomers; orb is used, especially in poetry, for globe or sphere, and also for the pathway of a heavenly body; ball is applied to the heavenly bodies concieved of as impelled through space.

Globe

Globe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Globed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Globing.] To gather or form into a globe.

Globefish

Globe"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A plectognath fish of the genera Diodon, Tetrodon, and allied genera. The globefishes can suck in water or air and distend the body to a more or less globular form. Called also porcupine fish, and sea hedgehog. See Diodon.

Globeflower

Globe"flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Trollius (T. Europ\'91us), found in the mountainous parts of Europe, and producing handsome globe-shaped flowers. (b) The American plant Trollius laxus. Japan globeflower. See Corchorus.

Globe-shaped

Globe"-shaped` (?), a. Shaped like a globe.

Globiferous

Glo*bif"er*ous (?), a. [Globe + -ferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a round or globular tip.

Globigerina

Glo*big`e*ri"na (?), n.; pl. Globigerin&ae; (#). [NL., fr. L. globus a round body + gerere to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small Foraminifera, which live abundantly at or near the surface of the sea. Their dead shells, falling to the bottom, make up a large part of the soft mud, generally found in depths below 3,000 feet, and called globigerina ooze. See Illust. of Foraminifera.

Globose

Glo*bose" (?), a. [L. globosus.] Having a rounded form resembling that of a globe; globular, or nearly so; spherical. Milton.

Globosely

Glo*bose"ly, adv. In a globular manner; globularly.

Globosity

Glo*bos"i*ty (?), n. [L. globositas: cf. F. globosit\'82.] Sphericity. Ray.

Globous

Glo"bous (?), a. [See Globose.] Spherical. Milton.

Globular

Glob"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. globulaire.] Globe-shaped; having the form of a ball or sphere; spherical, or nearly so; as, globular atoms. Milton. Globular chart, a chart of the earth's surface constructed on the principles of the globular projection. -- Globular projection (Map Projection), a perspective projection of the surface of a hemisphere upon a plane parallel to the base of the hemisphere, the point of sight being taken in the axis produced beyond the surface of the opposite hemisphere a distance equal to the radius of the sphere into the sine of 45°. -- Globular sailing, sailing on the arc of a great circle, or so as to make the shortest distance between two places; circular sailing.

Globularity

Glob`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. The state of being globular; globosity; sphericity.

Globularly

Glob"u*lar*ly (?), adv. Spherically.

Globularness

Glob"u*lar*ness, n. Sphericity; globosity.

Globule

Glob"ule (?), n. [L. globulus, dim. of globus globe: cf. F. globule.]

1. A little globe; a small particle of matter, of a spherical form.

Globules of snow. Sir I. Newton.
These minute globules [a mole's eyes] are sunk . . . deeply in the skull. Paley.

2. (Biol.) A minute spherical or rounded structure; as blood, lymph, and pus corpuscles, minute fungi, spores, etc.

3. A little pill or pellet used by homeopathists.

Globulet

Glob"u*let (?), n. A little globule. Crabb.

Globuliferous

Glob`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Globule + -ferous.] Bearing globules; in geology, used of rocks, and denoting a variety of concretionary structure, where the concretions are isolated globules and evenly distributed through the texture of the rock.

Globulimeter

Glob`u*lim"e*ter (?), n. [Globule + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the number of red blood corpuscles in the blood. &hand; The method depends on the differences of tint obtained by mixing a sample of the blood with sodium carbonate solution.

Globulin

Glob"u*lin (?), n. [From Globule: cf. F. globuline.] (Phisiol. Chem.) An albuminous body, insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute solutions of salt. It is present in the red blood corpuscles united with h\'91matin to form h\'91moglobin. It is also found in the crystalline lens of the eye, and in blood serum, and is sometimes called crystallin. In the plural the word is applied to a group of proteid substances such as vitellin, myosin, fibrinogen, etc., all insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute salt solutions.

Globulite

Glob"u*lite (?), n. [See Globule.] (Min.) A rudimentary form of crystallite, spherical in shape.

Globulous

Glob"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. globuleux.] Globular; spherical; orbicular. -- Glob"u*lous*ness, n.

Globy

Glob"y (?), a. Resembling, or pertaining to, a globe; round; orbicular. "The globy sea." Milton.

Glochidiate

Glo*chid"i*ate (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having barbs; as, glochidiate bristles. Gray.

Glochidium

Glo*chid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Glochidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The larva or young of the mussel, formerly thought to be a parasite upon the parent's gills.

Glode

Glode (?), obs. imp. of Glide. Chaucer.

Glombe, Glome

Glombe (?), Glome (?), v. i. To gloom; to look gloomy, morose, or sullen. [Obs.] Surrey.

Glome

Glome (?), n. Gloom. [Obs.]

Glome

Glome (?), n. [L. glomus a ball. Cf. Globe.] (Anat.) One of the two prominences at the posterior extremity of the frog of the horse's foot.

Glomerate

Glom"er*ate (?), a. [L. glomeratus, p. p. of glomerare to glomerate, from glomus. See 3d Glome.] Gathered together in a roundish mass or dense cluster; conglomerate.

Glomerate

Glom"er*ate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Glomerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glomerating (?).] To gather or wind into a ball; to collect into a spherical form or mass, as threads.

Glomeration

Glom`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. glomeratio.]

1. The act of forming or gathering into a ball or round mass; the state of being gathered into a ball; conglomeration.

2. That which is formed into a ball; a ball. Bacon.

Glomerous

Glom"er*ous (?), a. [L. glomerosus, fr. glomus. See 3d Glome.] Gathered or formed into a ball or round mass. [Obs.] Blount.

Glomerule

Glom"er*ule (?), n. [Dim. fr. L. glomus ball.]

1. (Bot.) A head or dense cluster of flowers, formed by condensation of a cyme, as in the flowering dogwood.

2. (Anat.) A glomerulus.

Glomerulus

Glo*mer"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Glomeruli (#). [NL., dim. of L. glomus. See 3d Glome.] (Anat.) The bunch of looped capillary blood vessels in a Malpighian capsule of the kidney.

Glomuliferous

Glom`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glomus a ball + -ferous.] (Biol.) Having small clusters of minutely branched coral-like excrescences. M. C. Cooke.

Glonoin Glonoine

Glon"o*in Glon"o*ine (?), n. [Glycerin + oxygen + nitrogen + -in, -ine.]

1. Same as Nitroglycerin; -- called also oil of glonoin. [Obs.]

2. (Med.) A dilute solution of nitroglycerin used as a neurotic.

Gloom

Gloom (gl&oomac;m), n. [AS. gl&omac;m twilight, from the root of E. glow. See Glow, and cf. Glum, Gloam.]

1. Partial or total darkness; thick shade; obscurity; as, the gloom of a forest, or of midnight.

2. A shady, gloomy, or dark place or grove.

Before a gloom of stubborn-shafted oaks. Tennyson .

3. Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy; aspect of sorrow; low spirits; dullness.

A sullen gloom and furious disorder prevailed by fits. Burke.

4. In gunpowder manufacture, the drying oven. Syn. -- Darkness; dimness; obscurity; heaviness; dullness; depression; melancholy; dejection; sadness. See Darkness.

Gloom

Gloom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glooming.]

1. To shine or appear obscurely or imperfectly; to glimmer.

2. To become dark or dim; to be or appear dismal, gloomy, or sad; to come to the evening twilight.

The black gibbet glooms beside the way. Goldsmith.
[This weary day] . . . at last I see it gloom. Spenser.

Gloom

Gloom, v. t.

1. To render gloomy or dark; to obscure; to darken.

A bow window . . . gloomed with limes. Walpole.
A black yew gloomed the stagnant air. Tennyson.

2. To fill with gloom; to make sad, dismal, or sullen.

Such a mood as that which lately gloomed Your fancy. Tennison.
What sorrows gloomed that parting day. Goldsmith.

Gloomily

Gloom"i*ly (?), adv. In a gloomy manner.

Gloominess

Gloom"i*ness, n. State of being gloomy. Addison.

Glooming

Gloom"ing, n. [Cf. Gloaming.] Twilight (of morning or evening); the gloaming.
When the faint glooming in the sky First lightened into day. Trench.
The balmy glooming, crescent-lit. Tennyson.

Gloomth

Gloomth (?), n. Gloom. [R.] Walpole.

Gloomy

Gloom"y (?), a. [Compar. Gloomier (?); superl. Gloomiest.]

1. Imperfectly illuminated; dismal through obscurity or darkness; dusky; dim; clouded; as, the cavern was gloomy. "Though hid in gloomiest shade." Milton.

2. Affected with, or expressing, gloom; melancholy; dejected; as, a gloomy temper or countenance. Syn. -- Dark; dim; dusky; dismal; cloudy; moody; sullen; morose; melancholy; sad; downcast; depressed; dejected; disheartened.

Gloppen

Glop"pen (?), v. t. & i. [OE. glopnen to be frightened, frighten: cf. Icel. gl to look downcast.] To surprise or astonish; to be startled or astonished. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Glore

Glore (?), v. i. [See Gloar.] To glare; to glower. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Gloria

Glo"ri*a (?), n. [L., glory.] (Eccl.) (a) A doxology (beginning Gloria Patri, Glory be to the Father), sung or said at the end of the Psalms in the service of the Roman Catholic and other churches. (b) A portion of the Mass (Gloria in Excelsis Deo, Glory be to God on high), and also of the communion service in some churches. In the Episcopal Church the version in English is used. (c) The musical setting of a gloria.

Gloriation

Glo`ri*a"tion (?), n. [L. gloriatio, from gloriari to glory, boast, fr. gloria glory. See Glory, n.] Boast; a triumphing. [Obs.] Bp. Richardson.
Internal gloriation or triumph of the mind. Hobbes.

Gloried

Glo"ried (?), a. [See Glory.] Illustrious; honorable; noble. [Obs.] Milton.

Glorification

Glo`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. glorificatio: cf. F. glorification. See Glorify.]

1. The act of glorifyng or of giving glory to. Jer. Taylor.

2. The state of being glorifed; as, the glorification of Christ after his resurrection.

Glorify

Glo"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glorified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glorifying.] [F. glorifier, L. glorificare; gloria glory + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

1. To make glorious by bestowing glory upon; to confer honor and distinction upon; to elevate to power or happiness, or to celestial glory.

Jesus was not yet glorified. John vii. 39.

2. To make glorious in thought or with the heart, by ascribing glory to; to asknowledge the excellence of; to render homage to; to magnify in worship; to adore.

That we for thee may glorify the Lord. Shak.

Gloriole

Glo"ri*ole (?), n. [L. gloriola a small glory, dim. of gloria glory.] An aureole. [R.] Msr. Browning.

Gloriosa

Glo`ri*o"sa (?), n. [Nl., fr. L. gloriosus. See Glorious.] (Bot.) A genus of climbing plants with very showy lilylike blossoms, natives of India.

Glorioser

Glo`ri*o"ser (?), n. [From L. gloriosus boastful.] A boaster. [Obs.] Greene.

Glorioso

Glo`ri*o"so (?), n. [It.] A boaster. [Obs.] Fuller.

Glorious

Glo"ri*ous (?), a. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]

1. Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds.

These are thy glorious works, Parent of good ! Milton.

2. Eager for glory or distinction; haughty; boastful; ostentatious; vainglorious. [Obs.]

Most miserable Is the desire that's glorious. Shak.

3. Ecstatic; hilarious; elated with drink. [Colloq.]

kings may be blest, but Tam was glorious, O'er all the ills of life victorious. Burns.
During his office treason was no crime, The sons of Belial had a glorious time. Dryden.
Syn. -- Eniment; noble; excellent; renowned; illustrious; celebrated; magnificent; grand; splendid. -- Glo"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Glo"ri*ous*ness, n. Udall.
Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously. Ex. xv. 21.
I speak it not gloriously, nor out of affectation. B. Jonson.

Glory

Glo"ry (?), n. [OE. glorie, OF. glorie, gloire, F. gloire, fr. L. gloria; prob. akin to Gr. glory, praise, to hear. See Loud.]

1. Praise, honor, admiration, or distinction, accorded by common consent to a person or thing; high reputation; honorable fame; renown.

Glory to God in the highest. Luke ii. 14.
Spread his glory through all countries wide. Spenser.

2. That quality in a person or thing which secures general praise or honor; that which brings or gives renown; an object of pride or boast; the occasion of praise; excellency; brilliancy; splendor.

Think it no glory to swell in tyranny. Sir P. Sidney.
Jewels lose their glory if neglected. Shak.
Your sex's glory 't is to shine unknown. Young.

3. Pride; boastfulness; arrogance.

In glory of thy fortunes. Chapman.

4. The presence of the Divine Being; the manifestations of the divine nature and favor to the blessed in heaven; celestial honor; heaven.

Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to glory. Ps. lxxiii. 24.

5. An emanation of light supposed to proceed from beings of peculiar sanctity. It is represented in art by rays of gold, or the like, proceeding from the head or body, or by a disk, or a mere line. &hand; This is the general term; when confined to the head it is properly called nimbus; when encircling the whole body, aureola or aureole. Glory hole, an opening in the wall of a glass furnace, exposing the brilliant white light of the interior. Knight. -- Glory pea (Bot.), the name of two leguminous plants (Clianthus Dampieri and C. puniceus) of Australia and New Zeland. They have showy scarlet or crimson flowers. -- Glory tree (Bot.), a name given to several species of the verbenaceous genus Clerodendron, showy flowering shrubs of tropical regions.

Glory

Glo"ry, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glorying.] [OE. glorien, OF. glorier, fr. L. gloriari, fr. gloria glory. See Glory, n.]

1. To exult with joy; to rejoice.

Glory ye in his holy name. Ps. cv.

2. To boast; to be proud.

God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ. Gal. vi. 14
No one . . . should glory in his prosperity. Richardson.

Glose

Glose (?), n. & v. See Gloze. Chaucer.

Gloser

Glos"er (?), n. See Glosser.

Gloss

Gloss (?), n. [Cf. Icel. glossi a blaze, glys finery, MHG. glosen to glow, G. glosten to glimmer; perh. akin to E. glass.]

1. Bbrightness or luster of a body proceeding from a smooth surface; polish; as, the gloss of silk; cloth is calendered to give it a gloss.

It is no part . . . to set on the face of this cause any fairer gloss than the naked truth doth afford. Hooker.

2. A specious appearance; superficial quality or show.

To me more dear, congenial to my heart, One native charm than all the gloss of art. Goldsmith.

Gloss

Gloss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glossing.] To give a superficial luster or gloss to; to make smooth and shining; as, to gloss cloth.
The glossed and gleamy wave. J. R. Drake.

Gloss

Gloss, n. [OE. glose, F. glose, L. glossa a difficult word needing explanation, fr. Gr. Gloze, Glossary, Glottis.]

1. A foreign, archaic, technical, or other uncommon word requiring explanation. [Obs.]

2. An interpretation, consisting of one or more words, interlinear or marginal; an explanatory note or comment; a running commentary.

All this, without a gloss or comment, He would unriddle in a moment. Hudibras.
Explaining the text in short glosses. T. Baker.

3. A false or specious explanation. Dryden.


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Gloss

Gloss (?), v. t.

1. To render clear and evident by comments; to illustrate; to explain; to annotate.

2. To give a specious appearance to; to render specious and plausible; to palliate by specious explanation.

You have the art to gloss the foulest cause. Philips.

Gloss

Gloss (?), v. i.

1. To make comments; to comment; to explain. Dryden.

2. To make sly remarks, or insinuations. Prior.

Glossa

Glos"sa (?), n.; pl. Gloss (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The tongue, or lingua, of an insect. See Hymenoptera.

Glossal

Glos"sal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the tongue; lingual.

Glossanthrax

Glos*san"thrax (?), n. [Gr. anthrax: cf. F. glossanthrax.] A disease of horses and cattle accompanied by carbuncles in the mouth and on the tongue.

Glossarial

Glos*sa"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glosses or to a glossary; containing a glossary.

Glossarially

Glos*sa"ri*al*ly, adv. In the manner of a glossary.

Glossarist

Glos"sa*rist (?), n. A writer of glosses or of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast. Tyrwhitt.

Glossary

Glos"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Gossaries (#). [L. glossarium, fr. glossa: cf. F. glossaire. See 3d Gloss.] A collection of glosses or explanations of words and passages of a work or author; a partial dictionary of a work, an author, a dialect, art, or science, explaining archaic, technical, or other uncommon words.

Glossata

Glos*sa"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Glossa.] (Zo\'94l.) The Lepidoptera.

Glossator

Glos*sa"tor (?), n. [LL. See 3d Gloss.] A writer of glosses or comments; a commentator. [R.] "The . . . glossators of Aristotle." Milman.

Glosser

Gloss"er (?), n. [See lst Gloss.] A polisher; one who gives a luster.

Glosser

Gloss"er, n. [See 3d Gloss.] A writer of glosses; a scholiast; a commentator. L. Addison.

Glossic

Glos"sic (?), n. [L. glossa a word requiring a gloss. See 3d Gloss.] A system of phonetic spelling based upon the present values of English letters, but invariably using one symbol to represent one sound only.
Ingglish Glosik konvaiA. J. Ellis.

Glossily

Gloss"i*ly (?), adv. In a glossy manner.

Glossiness

Gloss"i*ness, n. [From Glossy.] The condition or quality of being glossy; the luster or brightness of a smooth surface. Boyle.

Glossist

Gloss"ist, n. A writer of comments. [Obs.] Milton.

Glossitis

Glos*si"tis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the tongue.

Glossly

Gloss"ly (?), adv. Like gloss; specious. Cowley.

Glossocomon

Glos*soc"o*mon (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. A kind of hoisting winch.

Glossoepiglottic

Glos`so*ep`i*glot"tic (?), a. [Gr. epiglottic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both tongue and epiglottis; as, glossoepiglottic folds.

Glossographer

Glos"sog"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. Gloss.] A writer of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast. Hayward.

Glossographical

Glos`so*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glossography.

Glossography

Glos"sog"ra*phy (?), n. [See Glossographer.] The writing of glossaries, glosses, or comments for illustrating an author.

Glossohyal

Glos`so*hy"al (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Pertaining to both the hyoidean arch and the tongue; -- applied to the anterior segment of the hyoidean arch in many fishes. -- n. The glossohyal bone or cartilage; lingual bone; entoglossal bone.

Glossolalia, Glossolaly

Glos`so*la"li*a (?), Glos*sol"a*ly (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. glossolalie.] The gift of tongues. Farrar.

Glossological

Glos`so*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glossology.

Glassologist

Glas*sol"o*gist (?), n. One who defines and explains terms; one who is versed in glossology.

Glossology

Glos*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. glossologie. See 3d Gloss.]

1. The definition and explanation of terms; a glossary.

2. The science of language; comparative philology; linguistics; glottology.

Glossopharyngeal

Glos`so*phar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [Gr. pharyngeal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both the tongue and the pharynx; -- applied especially to the ninth pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the pharynx and tongue. -- n. One of the glossopharyngeal nerves.

Glossy

Gloss"y (?), a. [Compar. Glossier (?); superl. Glossiest.] [See Gloss luster.]

1. Smooth and shining; reflecting luster from a smooth surface; highly polished; lustrous; as, glossy silk; a glossy surface.

2. Smooth; specious; plausible; as, glossy deceit.

Glost oven

Glost" ov`en (?). An oven in which glazed pottery is fired; -- also called glaze kiln, or glaze.

Glottal

Glot"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or produced by, the glottis; glottic. Glottal catch, an effect produced upon the breath or voice by a sudden opening or closing of the glotts. Sweet.

Glottic, Glottidean

Glot"tic (?), Glot*tid"e*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the glottis; glottal.

Glottis

Glot"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Gloss an explanatory remark.] (Anat.) The opening from the pharynx into the larynx or into the trachea. See Larynx.

Glottological

Glot`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glottology.

Glottologist

Glot*tol"o*gist (?), n. A linguist; a philologist.

Glottology

Glot*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of tongues or languages; comparative philology; glossology.

Glout

Glout (?), v. i. [Scot. Cf. Gloat.] To pout; to look sullen. [Obs.] Garth.

Glout

Glout (?), v. t. To view attentively; to gloat on; to stare at. [Obs.] Wright.

Glove

Glove (?), n. [OE. glove, glofe, AS. gl; akin to Icel. gl, cf. Goth. l palm of the hand, Icel. l.]

1. A cover for the hand, or for the hand and wrist, with a separate sheath for each finder. The latter characteristic distinguishes the glove from the mitten.

2. A boxing glove. Boxing glove. See under Boxing. -- Glove fight, a pugilistic contest in wich the fighters wear boxing gloves. -- Glove money ∨ silver. (a) A tip or gratuity to servants, professedly to buy gloves with. (b) (Eng. Law.) A reward given to officers of courts; also, a fee given by the sheriff of a country to the clerk of assize and judge's officers, when there are no offenders to be executed. -- Glove sponge (Zo\'94l.), a fine and soft variety of commercial sponges (Spongia officinalis). -- To be hand and glove with, to be intimately associated or on good terms with. "Hand and glove with traitors." J. H. Newman. -- To handle without gloves,<-- with the gloves off, to take the gloves off --> to treat without reserve or tenderness; to deal roughly with. [Colloq.] -- To take up the glove, to accept a challenge or adopt a quarrel. -- To throw down the glove, to challenge to combat.

Glove

Glove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gloved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gloving.] To cover with, or as with, a glove.

Glover

Glov"er (?), n. One whose trade it is to make or sell gloves. Glover's suture ∨ stitch, a kind of stitch used in sewing up wounds, in which the thread is drawn alternately through each side from within outward.

Glow

Glow (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glowing.] [AS. gl; akin to D. gloeijen, OHG. gluoen, G. gl\'81hen, Icel. gl, Dan. gloende glowing. Gloom.]

1. To shine with an intense or white heat; to give forth vivid light and heat; to be incandenscent.

Glows in the stars, and blossoms in the trees. Pope.

2. To exhibit a strong, bright color; to be brilliant, as if with heat; to be bright or red with heat or animation, with blushes, etc.

Clad in a gown that glows with Tyrian rays. Dryden.
And glow with shame of your proceedings. Shak.

3. To feel hot; to have a burning sensation, as of the skin, from friction, exercise, etc.; to burn.

Did not his temples glow In the same sultry winds and acrching heats? Addison.
The cord slides swiftly through his glowing hands. Gay.

4. To feel the heat of passion; to be animated, as by intense love, zeal, anger, etc.; to rage, as passior; as, the heart glows with love, zeal, or patriotism.

With pride it mounts, and with revenge it glows. Dryden.
Burns with one love, with one resentment glows. Pope.

Glow

Glow, v. t. To make hot; to flush. [Poetic]
Fans, whose wind did seem To glow the delicate cheeks which they did cool. Shak.

Glow

Glow, n.

1. White or red heat; incandscence.

2. Brightness or warmth of color; redness; a rosy flush; as, the glow of health in the cheeks.

3. Intense excitement or earnestness; vehemence or heat of passion; ardor.

The red glow of scorn. Shak.

4. Heat of body; a sensation of warmth, as that produced by exercise, etc.

Glowbard

Glow"bard (?), n. [See Globard.] The glowworm. [Obs.]

Glower

Glow"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glowering.] [Cf. Gloar.] to look intently; to stare angrily or with a scowl. Thackeray.

Glowingly

Glow"ing*ly (?), adv. In a glowing manner; with ardent heat or passion.

Glowlamp

Glow"lamp` (?), n.

1. (Chem.) An aphlogistic lamp. See Aphlogistic.

2. (Elect.) An incandescent lamp. See Incandescent, a.

Glowworm

Glow"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A coleopterous insect of the genus Lampyris; esp., the wingless females and larv\'91 of the two European species (L. noctiluca, and L. splendidula), which emit light from some of the abdominal segments.
Like a glowworm in the night, The which hath fire in darkness, none in light. Shak.
&hand; The male is winged, and is supposed to be attracted by the light of the female. In America, the luminous larv\'91 of several species of fireflies and fire beetles are called glowworms. Both sexes of these are winged when mature. See Firefly.

Gloxinia

Glox*in"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) American genus of herbaceous plants with very handsome bell-shaped blossoms; -- named after B. P. Gloxin, a German botanist.

Gloze

Gloze (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glozed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glozing.] [OE. glosen, F. gloser. See gloss explanation.]

1. To flatter; to wheedle; to fawn; to talk smoothly. Chaucer.

A false, glozing parasite. South.
So glozed the tempter, and his proem tuned. Milton.

2. To give a specious or false meaning; to ministerpret. Shak.

Gloze

Gloze, v. t. To smooth over; to palliate.
By glozing the evil that is in the world. I. Taylor.

Gloze

Gloze, n.

1. Flattery; adulation; smooth speech.

Now to plain dealing; lay these glozes by. Shak.

2. Specious show; gloss. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Glozer

Gloz"er (?), n. A flatterer. [Obs.] Gifford (1580).

Glucic

Glu"cic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, sugar; as, glucic acid.

Glucina

Glu*ci"na (?), n. [Cf. F. glycine, glucine. So called because it forms sweet salts. See Glucinum.] (Chem.) A white or gray tasteless powder, the oxide of the element glucinum; -- formerly called glucine.

Glucinic

Glu*cin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, glucinum; as, glucinic oxide.

Glucinum

Glu*ci"num (?), n. [Cf. F. glucinium, glycium, fr. Gr. Glycerin.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, of a silver white color, and low specific gravity (2.1), resembling magnesium. It never occurs naturally in the free state, but is always combined, usually with silica or alumina, or both; as in the minerals phenacite, chrysoberyl, beryl or emerald, euclase, and danalite. It was named from its oxide glucina, which was known long before the element was isolated. Symbol Gl. Atomic weight 9.1. Called also beryllium. [Formerly written also glucinium.]<-- modern name Beryllium, symbol Be -->

Glucogen

Glu"co*gen (?), n. [R.] See Glycogen.

Glucogenesis

Glu`co*gen"e*sis (?), n. Glycogenesis. [R.]

Gluconic

Glu*con"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, glucose. Gluconic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, obtained as a colorless, sirupy liquid, by the oxidation of glucose; -- called also maltonic acid, and dextronic acid.

Glucose

Glu"cose` (?), n. [Gr. Glycerin.]

1. A variety of sugar occurring in nature very abundantly, as in ripe grapes, and in honey, and produced in great quantities from starch, etc., by the action of heat and acids. It is only about half as sweet as cane sugar. Called also dextrose, grape sugar, diabetic sugar, and starch sugar. See Dextrose.

2. (Chem.) Any one of a large class of sugars, isometric with glucose proper, and including levulose, galactose, etc.<-- ?Now only one is called glucose -- when did this usage diappear? = hexose-->

3. The trade name of a sirup, obtained as an uncrystallizable reside in the manufacture of glucose proper, and containing, in addition to some dextrose or glucose, also maltose, dextrin, etc. It is used as a cheap adulterant of sirups, beers, etc.

Glucoside

Glu"co*side (?), n. [See Glucose.] (Chem.) One of a large series of amorphous or crystalline substances, occurring very widely distributed in plants, rarely in animals, and regarded as influental agents in the formation and disposition of the sugars. They are frequently of a bitter taste, but, by the action of ferments, or of dilute acids and alkalies, always break down into some characteristic substance (acid, aldehyde, alcohol, phenole, or alkaloid) and glucose (or some other sugar); hence the name. They are of the nature of complex and compound ethers, and ethereal salts of the sugar carbohydrates.

Glucosuria

Glu`co*su"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. E. glucose + Gr. (Med.) A condition in which glucose is discharged in the urine; diabetes mellitus.

Glue

Glue (?), n. [F. glu, L. glus, akin to gluten, from gluere to draw together. Cf. Gluten.] A hard brittle brownish gelatin, obtained by boiling to a jelly the skins, hoofs, etc., of animals. When gently heated with water, it becomes viscid and tenaceous, and is used as a cement for uniting substances. The name is also given to other adhesive or viscous substances. Bee glue. See under Bee. -- Fish glue, a strong kind of glue obtained from fish skins and bladders; isinglass. -- Glue plant (Bot.), a fucoid seaweed (Gloiopeltis tenax). -- Liquid glue, a fluid preparation of glue and acetic acid oralcohol. -- Marine glue, a solution of caoutchouc in naphtha, with shellac, used in shipbuilding.

Glue

Glue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gluing.] [F. gluer. See Glue, n.] To join with glue or a viscous substance; to cause to stick or hold fast, as if with glue; to fix or fasten.
This cold, congealed blood That glues my lips, and will not let me speak. Shak.

Gluepot

Glue"pot` (?), n. A utensil for melting glue, consisting of an inner pot holding the glue, immersed in an outer one containing water which is heated to soften the glue.

Gluer

Glu"er (?), n. One who cements with glue.

Gluey

Glu"ey (?), a. Viscous; glutinous; of the nature of, or like, glue.

Glueyness

Glu"ey*ness, n. Viscidity.

Gluish

Glu"ish, a. Somewhat gluey. Sherwood.

Glum

Glum (?), n. [See Gloom.] Sullenness. [Obs.] Skelton.

Glum

Glum, a. Moody; silent; sullen.
I frighten people by my glun face. Thackeray.

Glum

Glum, v. i. To look sullen; to be of a sour countenance; to be glum. [Obs.] Hawes.

Glumaceous

Glu*ma"ceous (?), a. [Cf. F. glumanc\'82. See Glume.] Having glumes; consisting of glumes.

Glumal

Glu"mal (?), a. (Bot.) Characterized by a glume, or having the nature of a glume.

Glume

Glume (?), n. [L. gluma hull, husk, fr. glubere to bark or peel: cf. F. glume or gloume.] (Bot.) The bracteal covering of the flowers or seeds of grain and grasses; esp., an outer husk or bract of a spikelt. Gray.

Glumella, Glumelle

Glu*mel"la (?), Glu"melle (?), n. [F. glumelle, dim. of glume.] (Bot.) One of the pelets or inner chaffy scales of the flowers or spikelets of grasses.

Glumly

Glum"ly (?), adv. In a glum manner; sullenly; moodily.

Glummy

Glum"my (?), a. [See Gloom.] dark; gloomy; dismal. [Obs.]

Glumness

Glum"ness, n. Moodiness; sullenness.

Glump

Glump (?), v. i. [See Glum.] To manifest sullenness; to sulk. [Colloq.]
Page 633

Glumpy

Glump"y (?), a. Glum; sullen; sulky. [Colloq.] "He was glumpy enough." T. Hook.

Glunch

Glunch (?), a. [Cf. Glump.] Frowning; sulky; sullen. Sir W. Scott. -- n. A sullen, angry look; a look of disdain or dislike. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Glut

Glut (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Glutting.] [OE. glotten, fr. OF. glotir, gloutir, L. glutire, gluttire; cf. Gr. gar. Cf. Gluttion, Englut.]

1. To swallow, or to swallow greedlly; to gorge.

Though every drop of water swear against it, And gape at widest to glut him. Shak.

2. To fill to satiety; to satisfy fully the desire or craving of; to satiate; to sate; to cloy.

His faithful heart, a bloody sacrifice, Torn from his breast, to glut the tyrant's eyes. Dryden.
The realms of nature and of art were ransacked to glut the wonder, lust, and ferocity of a degraded populace. C. Kingsley.
To glut the market, to furnish an oversupply of any article of trade, so that there is no sale for it.

Glut

Glut, v. i. To eat gluttonously or to satiety.
Like three horses that have broken fence, And glutted all night long breast-deep in corn. Tennyson.

Glut

Glut, n.

1. That which is swallowed. Milton

2. Plenty, to satiety or repletion; a full supply; hence, often, a supply beyond sufficiency or to loathing; over abundance; as, a glut of the market. <-- "of", not "on" the market! -->

A glut of those talents which raise men to eminence. Macaulay.

3. Something that fills up an opening; a clog.

4. (a) A wooden wedge used in splitting blocks. [Prov. Eng.] (b) (Mining) A piece of wood used to fill up behind cribbing or tubbing. Raymond. (c) (Bricklaying) A bat, or small piece of brick, used to fill out a course. Knight. (d) (Arch.) An arched opening to the ashpit of a klin. (e) A block used for a fulcrum.

5. (Zo\'94l.) The broad-nosed eel (Anguilla latirostris), found in Europe, Asia, the West Indies, etc.

Glutaconic

Glu`ta*con"ic (?), a. [Glutaric + aconitic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, an acid intermediate between glutaric and aconitic acids.

Glut\'91us

Glu*t\'91"us (?), n. [NL. See Gluteal.] (Anat.) The great muscle of the buttock in man and most mammals, and the corresponding muscle in many lower animals. &hand; In man, the glut\'91us is composed of three distinct parts, which extend and abduct the thigh, and help support the body in standing.

Glutamic

Glu*tam"ic (?), a. [Gluten + -amic.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to gluten. Glutamic acid, a nitrogenous organic acid obtained from certain albuminoids, as gluten; -- called also amido-glutaric acid.<-- one of the natural L-alpha-amino acids found in many proteins C5H9NO4. -->

Glutaric

Glu*tar"ic (?), a. [Glutamic + tartaric.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid so called; as, glutaric ethers. Glutaric acid, an organic acid obtained as a white crystalline substance, isomeric with pyrotartaric acid; -- called also normal pyrotartaric acid.<-- one of the natural L-alpha-amino acids found in many proteins -->

Glutazine

Glu"ta*zine (?), n. (Chem.) A nitrogenous substance, forming a heavy, sandy powder, white or nearly so. It is a derivative of pyridine.

Gluteal

Glu"te*al (?), a. [G. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the glut\'91us.

Gluten

Glu"ten (?), n. [L., glue: cf. F. gluten. See Glue.] (Chem.) The viscid, tenacious substance which gives adhesiveness to dough. &hand; Gluten is a complex and variable mixture of glutin or gliadin, vegetable fibrin, vegetable casein, oily material, etc., and ia a very nutritious element of food. It may be separated from the flour of grain by subjecting this to a current of water, the starch and other soluble matters being thus washed out. Gluten bread, bread containing a large proportion of gluten; -- used in cases of diabetes. -- Gluten casein (Chem.), a vegetable proteid found in the seeds of grasses, and extracted as a dark, amorphous, earthy mass. -- Gluten fibrin (Chem.), a vegetable proteid found in the cereal grains, and extracted as an amorphous, brownish yellow substance.

Gluteus

Glu*te"us (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) Same as Glut&ae;us.

Glutin

Glu"tin (?), n. [See Gluten.] (Chem.)

1. Same as Gliadin.

2. Sometimes synonymous with Gelatin. [R.]

Glutinate

Glu"ti*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glutinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glutinating.] [L. glutinatus, p. p. of glutinare to glue, fr. gluten glue.] To unite with glue; to cement; to stick together. Bailey.

Glutination

Glu`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. glutinatio: cf. F. glutination.] The act of uniting with glue; sticking together.

Glutinative

Glu"ti*na*tive (?), a. [L. glutinativus: cf. F. glutinatif.] Having the quality of cementing; tenacious; viscous; glutinous.

Glutinosity

Glu`ti*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. glutinosit\'82 .] The quality of being glutinous; viscousness. [R.]

Glutinous

Glu"ti*nous (?), a. [L. glutinosus, fr. gluten glue: cf. F. glutineux. See Gluten.]

1. Of the nature of glue; resembling glue; viscous; viscid; adhesive; gluey.

2. (Bot.) Havig a moist and adhesive or sticky surface, as a leaf or gland.

Glutinousness

Glu"ti*nous*ness (?), n. The quality of being glutinous.

Glutton

Glut"ton (?), n. [OE. glotoun, glotun, F. glouton, fr. L. gluto, glutto. See Glut.]

1. One who eats voraciously, or to excess; a gormandizer.

2. Fig.: One who gluts himself.

Gluttons in murder, wanton to destroy. Granville.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous mammal (Gulo luscus), of the family Mustelid\'91, about the size of a large badger. It was formerly believed to be inordinately voracious, whence the name; the wolverene. It is a native of the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. <-- in 1996, spelled Wolverine, and spn = Gulo gulo --> Glutton bird (Zo\'94l.), the giant fulmar (Ossifraga gigantea); -- called also Mother Carey's goose, and mollymawk. <-- glutton for punishment = one persistent in an effort in spite of harmful results -->

Glutton

Glut"ton (?), a. Gluttonous; greedy; gormandizing. "Glutton souls." Dryden.
A glutton monastery in former ages makes a hungry ministry in our days. Fuller.

Glutton

Glut"ton, v. t. & i. To glut; to eat voraciously. [Obs.]
Gluttoned at last, return at home to pine. Lovelace.
Whereon in Egypt gluttoning they fed. Drayton.

Gluttonish

Glut"ton*ish, a. Gluttonous; greedy. Sir P. Sidney.

Gluttonize

Glut"ton*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gluttonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gluttonizing (?).] To eat to excess; to eat voraciously; to gormandize. Hallywell.

Gluttonous

Glut"ton*ous (?), a. Given to gluttony; eating to excess; indulging the appetite; voracious; as, a gluttonous age. -- Glut"ton*ous*ly, adv. -- Glut"ton*ous*ness, n.

Gluttony

Glut"ton*y (?), n.; pl. Gluttonies (#). [OE. glotonie, OF. glotonie, gloutonnie.] Excess in eating; extravagant indulgence of the appetite for food; voracity.
Their sumptuous gluttonies, and gorgeous feasts. Milton.

Glycerate

Glyc"er*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of glyceric acid.

Glyceric

Gly*cer"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycerin. Glyceric acid (Chem.), an organic acid, obtained by the partial oxidation of glycerin, as a thick liquid. It is a hydroxyl derivative of propionic acid, and has both acid and alcoholic properties.

Glyceride

Glyc"er*ide (?), n. [See Glycerin.] (Chem.) A compound ether (formed from glycerin). Some glycerides exist ready formed as natural fats, others are produced artificially.

Glycerin, Glycerine

Glyc"er*in, Glyc"er*ine (
, n. [F. glyc\'82rine, fr. Gr. glykero`s, glyky`s, sweet. Cf. Glucose, Licorice.] (Chem.) An oily, viscous liquid, C3H5(OH)3, colorless and odorless, and with a hot, sweetish taste, existing in the natural fats and oils as the base, combined with various acids, as oleic, margaric, stearic, and palmitic. It is a triatomic alcohol, and hence is also called glycerol. See Note under Gelatin. &hand; It is obtained from fats by saponification, or, on a large scale, by the action of superheated steam. It is used as an ointment, as a solvent and vehicle for medicines, and as an adulterant in wine, beer, etc.

Glycerite

Glyc"er*ite (?), n. (Med.) A medicinal preparation made by mixing or dissolving a substance in glycerin.

Glycerol

Glyc"er*ol (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Glycerin.

Clycerole

Clyc"er*ole (?), n. [F. glyc\'82rol\'82.] (Med.) Same as Glycerite.

Glyceryl

Glyc"er*yl (?), n. [Glycerin + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, C3H5, regarded as the essential radical of glycerin. It is metameric with allyl. Called also propenyl.

Glycide

Glyc"ide (?), n. [Glyceric + anhydride.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid, obtained from certain derivatives of glycerin, and regarded as a partially dehydrated glycerin; -- called also glycidic alcohol.

Glycidic

Gly*cid"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycide; as, glycidic acid.

Glycin

Gly"cin (?), n. [Gr. glyky`s sweet.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Glycocoll.

Glycocholate

Gly`co*cho"late (?), n. [Glycocoll + cholic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A salt of glycocholic acid; as, sodium glycocholate.

Glycocholic

Gly`co*chol"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or composed of, glycocoll and cholic acid. Glycocholic acid (Physiol. Chem.), a conjugate acid, composed of glycocoll and cholic acid, present in bile in the form of a sodium salt. The acid commonly forms a resinous mass, but can be crystallized in long, white needles.

Glycocin

Gly"co*cin (?), n. [Glycocoll + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Glycocoll.

Glycocoll

Gly"co*coll (?), n. [Gr. glyky`s sweet + ko`lla glue.] (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, with a sweet taste, formed from hippuric acid by boiling with hydrochloric acid, and present in bile united with cholic acid. It is also formed from gelatin by decomposition with acids. Chemically, it is amido-acetic acid. Called also glycin, and glycocin.

Glycogen

Gly"co*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen: cf. F. glycog\'8ane.] (Physiol. Chem.) A white, amorphous, tasteless substance resembling starch, soluble in water to an opalescent fluid. It is found abundantly in the liver of most animals, and in small quantity in other organs and tissues, particularly in the embryo. It is quickly changed into sugar when boiled with dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and also by the action of amylolytic ferments. <-- polysaccharide, used as a sugar storage substance in animals -->

Glycogenic

Gly`co*gen"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or caused by, glycogen; as, the glycogenic function of the liver.

Glycogeny, Glycogenesis

Gly*cog"e*ny (?), Gly`co*gen"e*sis (?), n. (Physiol.) The production or formation of sugar from gycogen, as in the liver.

Glycol

Gly"col (?), n. [Glycerin + -ol. See Glycerin.] (Chem.) (a) A thick, colorless liquid, C2H4(OH)2, of a sweetish taste, produced artificially from certain ethylene compounds. It is a diacid alcohol, intermediate between ordinary ethyl alcohol and glycerin. <-- usu. called ethylene glycol -->(b) Any one of the large class of diacid alcohols, of which glycol proper is the type.<-- diol -->

Glycolic

Gly*col"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, glycol; as, glycolic ether; glycolic acid. Glycolic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, found naturally in unripe grapes and in the leaves of the wild grape (Ampelopsis quinquefolia), and produced artificially in many ways, as by the oxidation of glycol, -- whence its name. It is a sirupy, or white crystalline, substance, HO.CH2.CO2H, has the properties both of an alcohol and an acid, and is a type of the hydroxy acids; -- called also hydroxyacetic acid.

Glycolide

Gly"co*lide (?), n. [Glycol + anhydride.] (Chem.) A white amorphous powder, C4H4O, obtained by heating and dehydrating glycolic acid. [Written also glycollide.]

Glycoluric

Gly`co*lu"ric (?), a. [Glycol + uric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, glycol and urea; as, glycoluric acid, which is called also hydantoic acid.

Glycoluril

Gly`co*lu"ril (?), n. [Glycolyl + uric.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, obtained by the reduction of allanto\'8bn.

Glycolyl

Gly"co*lyl (?), n. [Glycolic + -yl.] (Chem.) A divalent, compound radical, CO.CH2, regarded as the essential radical of glycolic acid, and a large series of related compounds.

Glyconian

Gly*co"ni*an (?), a. & n. Glyconic.

Glyconic

Gly*con"ic (?), a. [Gr. Glycon.] (Pros.) Consisting of a spondee, a choriamb, and a pyrrhic; -- applied to a kind of verse in Greek and Latin poetry. -- n. (Pros.) A glyconic verse.

Glyconin

Gly"co*nin (?), n. An emulsion of glycerin and the yolk of eggs, used as an ointment, as a vehicle for medicines, etc.

Glycosine

Gly"co*sine (?), n. (Chem.) An organic base, C6H6N4, produced artificially as a white, crystalline powder, by the action of ammonia on glyoxal.

Glycosuria

Gly`co*su"ri*a (?), n. (Med.) Same as Gluoosuria.

Glycyrrhiza

Glyc`yr*rhi"za (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Licorice.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of papilionaceous herbaceous plants, one species of which (G. glabra), is the licorice plant, the roots of which have a bittersweet mucilaginous taste.

2. (Med.) The root of Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice root), used as a demulcent, etc.

Glycyrrhizimic

Glyc`yr*rhi*zim"ic (?), a. (Chem.) From, or pertaining to, glycyrrhizin; as, glycyrrhizimic acid.

Glycyrrhizin

Gly*cyr"rhi*zin (?), n. [Cf. F. glycyrrhizine. See Glycyrrhiza.] (Chem.) A glucoside found in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza), in monesia bark (Chrysophyllum), in the root of the walnut, etc., and extracted as a yellow, amorphous powder, of a bittersweet taste.

Glyn, Glynne

Glyn, Glynne (?), n. A glen. See Glen. [Obs. singly, but occurring often in locative names in Ireland, as Glen does in Scotland.]
He could not beat out the Irish, yet he did shut them up within those narrow corners and glyns under the mountain's foot. Spenser.

Glyoxal

Gly*ox"al (?), n. [Glycol + oxalic + aldehyde.] (Chem.) A white, amorphous, deliquescent powder, (CO.H)2, obtained by the partial oxidation of glycol. It is a double aldehyde, between glycol and oxalic acid.

Glyoxalic

Gly`ox*al"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an aldehyde acid, intermediate between glycol and oxalic acid. [Written also glyoxylic.]

Glyoxaline

Gly*ox"a*line (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline, organic base, C3H4N2, produced by the action of ammonia on glyoxal, and forming the origin of a large class of derivatives hence, any one of the series of which glyoxaline is a type; -- called also oxaline.

Glyoxime

Gly*ox"ime (?), n. [Glyoxal + oxime.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, produced by the action of hydroxylamine on glyoxal, and belonging to the class of oximes; also, any one of a group of substances resembling glyoxime proper, and of which it is a type. See Oxime.

Glyph

Glyph (?), n. [Gr. glyphe. Cf. Cleave to split.] (Arch.) A sunken channel or groove, usually vertical. See Triglyph.

Glyphic

Glyph"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Fine Arts) Of or pertaining to sculpture or carving of any sort, esp. to glyphs.

Glyphograph

Glyph"o*graph (?), n. A plate made by glyphography, or an impression taken from such a plate.

Glyphographic

Glyph`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to glyphography.

Glyphography

Gly*phog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A process similar to etching, in which, by means of voltaic electricity, a raised copy of a drawing is made, so that it can be used to print from.

Glyptic

Glyp"tic (?), a. [See Glyph.]

1. Of or pertaining to gem engraving.

2. (Min.) Figured; marked as with figures.

Glyptics

Glyp"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. glyptique. See Glyph.] The art of engraving on precious stones.

Glyptodon

Glyp"to*don (?), n. [Gr. Glyph.] (Paleon.) An extinct South American quaternary mammal, allied to the armadillos. It was as large as an ox, was covered with tessellated scales, and had fluted teeth. Owen.
Page 634

Glyptodont

Glyp"to*dont (?), n. (Paleon.) One of a family (glyptodontid\'91) of extinct South American edentates, of which Glyptodon is the type. About twenty species are known.

Glyptographic

Glyp`to*graph"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. glyptographique.] Relating to glyptography, or the art of engraving on precious stones. [R.]

Glyptography

Glyp*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. glyptographie.] The art or process of engraving on precious stones. [R.]

Glyptotheca

Glyp`to*the"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A building or room devoted to works of sculpture.

Glyster

Glys"ter (?), n. (Med.) Same as Clyster.

Gmelinite

Gmel"in*ite (?), n. [Named after the German chemist Gmelin.] (Min.) A rhombohedral zeolitic mineral, related in form and composition to chabazite.

Gnaphalium

Gna*pha"li*um (?), n. [Nl., from Gr. (Bot.) A genus of composite plants with white or colored dry and persistent involucres; a kind of everlasting.

Gnar

Gnar (?), n. [OE. knarre, gnarre, akin to OD. knor, G. knorren. Cf. Knar, Knur, Gnarl.] A knot or gnarl in wood; hence, a tough, thickset man; -- written also gnarr. [Archaic]
He was . . . a thick gnarre. Chaucer.

Gnar

Gnar (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gnarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnarring.] [See Gnarl.] To gnarl; to snarl; to growl; -- written also gnarr. [Archaic]
At them he gan to rear his bristles strong, And felly gnarre. Spenser.
A thousand wants Gnarr at the heels of men. Tennison.

Gnarl

Gnarl (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gnarled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnarling.] [From older gnar, prob. of imitative origin; cf. G. knarren, knurren. D. knorren, Sw. knorra, Dan. knurre.] To growl; to snarl.
And wolves are gnarling who shall gnaw thee first. Shak.

Gnarl

Gnarl, n. [See Gnar, n.] a knot in wood; a large or hard knot, or a protuberance with twisted grain, on a tree.

Gnarled

Gnarled (?), a. Knotty; full of knots or gnarls; twisted; crossgrained.
The unwedgeable and gnarl\'82d oak. Shak.

Gnarly

Gnarl"y (?), a. Full of knots; knotty; twisted; crossgrained.

Gnash

Gnash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gnashed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnashing.] [OE. gnasten, gnaisten, cf. Icel. gnastan a gnashing, gn to gnash, Dan.knaske, Sw. gnissla, D. knarsen, G. knirschen.] To strike together, as in anger or pain; as, to gnash the teeth.

Gnash

Gnash, v. i. To grind or strike the teeth together.
There they him laid, Gnashing for anguish, and despite, and shame. Milton.

Gnashingly

Gnash"ing*ly, adv. With gnashing.

Gnat

Gnat (?), n. [AS. gn\'91t.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A blood-sucking dipterous fly, of the genus Culex, undergoing a metamorphosis in water. The females have a proboscis armed with needlelike organs for penetrating the skin of animals. These are wanting in the males. In America they are generally called mosquitoes. See Mosquito.

2. Any fly resembling a Culex in form or habits; esp., in America, a small biting fly of the genus Simulium and allies, as the buffalo gnat, the black fly, etc. Gnat catcher (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of small American singing birds, of the genus Polioptila, allied to the kinglets. -- Gnat flower, the bee flower. -- Gnat hawk (Zo\'94l.), the European goatsucker; -- called also gnat owl. -- Gnat snapper (Zo\'94l.), a bird that catches gnats. -- Gnat strainer, a person ostentatiously punctilious about trifles. Cf. Matt. xxiii. 24.

Gnathic

Gnath"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the jaw. Gnathic index, in a skull, the ratio of the distance from the middle of the nasofrontal suture to the basion (taken equal to 100), to the distance from the basion to the middle of the front edge of the upper jaw; -- called also alveolar index.
Skulls with the gnathic index below 98 are orthognathous, from 98 to 103 mesognathous, and above 103 are prognathous. Flower.

Gnathidium

Gna*thid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Gnathidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The ramus of the lower jaw of a bird as far as it is naked; -- commonly used in the plural.

Gnathite

Gnath"ite (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of the mouth appendages of the Arthropoda. They are known as mandibles, maxill\'91, and maxillipeds.

Gnathonic, Gnathonical

Gna*thon"ic (?), Gna*thon"ic*al (?), a. [L. Gnatho, name of a parasite in the "Eunuchus" of Terence, Gr. Flattering; deceitful. [Obs.]

Gnathopod

Gnath"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) A gnathopodite or maxilliped. See Maxilliped.

Gnathopodite

Gna*thop"o*dite (?), n. (Zo\'94l,) Any leglike appendage of a crustacean, when modified wholly, or in part, to serve as a jaw, esp. one of the maxillipeds.

Gnathastegite

Gna*thas"te*gite (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of broad plates, developed from the outer maxillipeds of crabs, and forming a cover for the other mouth organs.

Gnathostoma

Gna*thos"to*ma (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive division of vertebrates, including all that have distinct jaws, in contrast with the leptocardians and marsipobranchs (Cyclostoma), which lack them. [Written also Gnathostomata.]

Gnathotheca

Gnath`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Gnathothec\'92 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The horney covering of the lower mandible of a bird.

Gnatling

Gnat"ling (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small gnat.

Gnatworm

Gnat"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The aquatic larva of a gnat; -- called also, colloquially, wiggler.

Gnaw

Gnaw (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gnawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gnawing.] [OE. gnawen, AS. gnagan; akin to D. knagen, OHG. gnagan, nagan, G. nagen, Icel. & Sw. gnaga, Dan. gnave, nage. Cf. Nag to tease.]

1. To bite, as something hard or tough, which is not readily separated or crushed; to bite off little by little, with effort; to wear or eat away by scraping or continuous biting with the teeth; to nibble at.

His bones clean picked; his very bones they gnaw. Dryden.

2. To bite in agony or rage.

They gnawed their tongues for pain. Rev. xvi. 10.

3. To corrode; to fret away; to waste.

Gnaw

Gnaw, v. i. To use the teeth in biting; to bite with repeated effort, as in eating or removing with the teethsomething hard, unwiedly, or unmanageable.
I might well, like the spaniel, gnaw upon the chain that ties me. Sir P. Sidney.

Gnawer

Gnaw"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, gnaws.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A rodent.

Gneiss

Gneiss (?), n. [G.] (Geol.) A crystalline rock, consisting, like granite, of quartz, feldspar, and mica, but having these materials, especially the mica, arranged in planes, so that it breaks rather easily into coarse slabs or flags. Hornblende sometimes takes the place of the mica, and it is then called hornblendic ∨ syenitic gneiss. Similar varieties of related rocks are also called gneiss.

Gneissic

Gneis"sic (?), a. Relating to, or resembling, gneiss; consisting of gneiss.

Gneissoid

Gneis"soid (?), a. [Gneiss+ -old.] Resembling gneiss; having some of the characteristics of gneiss; -- applied to rocks of an intermediate character between granite and gneiss, or mica slate and gneiss.

Gneissose

Gneis"sose` (?), a. Having the structure of gneiss.

Gnew

Gnew (?), obs. imp. of Gnaw. Chaucer.

Gnide

Gnide (n&imac;d), v. t. [AS. gn&imac;dan.] To rub; to bruise; to break in pieces. [Obs.] &hand; This word is found in Tyrwhitt's Chaucer, but improperly. The woed, though common in Old English, does not occur in Chaucer. T. R. Lounsbury.

Gnof

Gnof (?), n. Churl; curmudgeon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gnome

Gnome (?), n. [F. gnome, prob. fr. Gr. i. e., of the treasures in the inner parts of the earth, or fr. Know.]

1. An imaginary being, supposed by the Rosicrucians to inhabit the inner parts of the earth, and to be the guardian of mines, quarries, etc.

2. A dwarf; a goblin; a person of small stature or misshapen features, or of strange appearance.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A small owl (Glaucidium gnoma) of the Western United States.

4. [Gr. A brief reflection or maxim. Peacham.

Gnomic, Gnomical

Gnom"ic (?), Gnom"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. gnomique. See Gnome maxim.] Sententious; uttering or containing maxims, or striking detached thoughts; aphoristic.
A city long famous as the seat of elegiac and gnomic poetry. G. R. Lewes.
Gnomic Poets, Greek poets, as Theognis and Solon, of the sixth century B. C., whose writings consist of short sententious precepts and reflections.

Gnomical

Gnom"ic*al, a. [See Gnomon.] Gnomonical. Boyle.

Gnomically

Gnom"ic*al*ly, adv. In a gnomic, didactic, or sententious manner.

Gnomologic, Gnomological

Gno`mo*log"ic (?), Gno`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a gnomology.

Gnomology

Gno*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. gnomologie.] A collection of, or a treatise on, maxims, grave sentences, or reflections. [Obs.] Milton.

Gnomon

Gno"mon (?), n. [L. gnomon, Gr. Gnome.]

1. (Dialing) The style or pin, which by its shadow, shows the hour of the day. It is usually set parallel to the earth's axis.

2. (Astron.) A style or column erected perpendicularly to the horizon, formerly used in astronomocal observations. Its principal use was to find the altitude of the sun by measuring the length of its shadow.

3. (Geom.) The space included between the boundary lines of two similar parallelograms, the one within the other, with an angle in common; as, the gnomon bcdefg of the parallelograms ac and af. The parallelogram bf is the complement of the parallelogram df.

4. The index of the hour circle of a globe.

Gnomonic, Gnomonical

Gno*mon"ic (?), Gno*mon"ic*al (?), a. [L. gnomonicus, Gr. gnomonique. See Gnomon.] Of or pertaining to the gnomon, or the art of dialing. Gnomonic projection, a projection of the circles of the sphere, in which the point of sight is taken at the center of the sphere, and the principal plane is tangent to the surface of the sphere. "The gnomonic projection derives its name from the connection between the methods of describing it and those for the construction of a gnomon or dial." Cyc. of Arts & Sciences.

Gnomonically

Gno*mon"ic*al*ly (?), adv. According to the principles of the gnomonic projection.

Gnomonics

Gno*mon"ics (?), n. [See Gnomonic.] The art or science of dialing, or of constructing dials to show the hour of the day by the shadow of a gnomon.

Gnomonist

Gno"mon*ist (?), n. One skilled in gnomonics. Boyle.

Gnomonology

Gno`mon*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gnomon + -logy. Cf. Gnomonology.] A treatise on gnomonics.

Gnoscopine

Gnos"co*pine (?), n. [Gr. gignw`skein to know + E. opium?] (Chem.) An alkaloid existing in small quantities in opium.

Gnosis

Gno"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gnw^sis.] (Metaph.) The deeper wisdom; knowledge of spiritual truth, such as was claimed by the Gnostics.

Gnostic

Gnos"tic (?), a.

1. Knowing; wise; shrewd. [Old Slang]

I said you were a gnostic fellow. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) Of or pertaining to Gnosticism or its adherents; as, the Gnostic heresy.

Gnostic

Gnos"tic, n. [L. gnosticus, Gr. gignw`skein to know: cf. F. gnostique. See Know.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of the so-called philosophers in the first ages of Christianity, who claimed a true philosophical interpretation of the Christian religion. Their system combined Oriental theology and Greek philosophy with the doctrines of Christianity. They held that all natures, intelligible, intellectual, and material, are derived from the Deity by successive emanations, which they called Eons.

Gnosticism

Gnos"ti*cism (?), n. The system of philosophy taught by the Gnostics.

Gnow

Gnow (?), obs. imp. of Gnaw. Gnawed. Chaucer.

Gnu

Gnu (?), n. [Hottentot gnu, or nju: cf. F. gnou.] (Zo\'94l.) One of two species of large South African antelopes of the genus Catoblephas, having a mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in both sexes. [Written also gnoo.] &hand; The common gnu or wildebeest (Catoblephas gnu) is plain brown; the brindled gnu or blue wildebeest (C. gorgon) is larger, with transverse stripes of black on the neck and shoulders.

Go

Go (?), obs. p. p. of Go. Gone. Chaucer.

Go

Go, v. i. [imp. Went (?); p. p. Gone (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Going. Went comes from the AS, wendan. See Wend, v. i.] [OE. gan, gon, AS. g\'ben, akin to D. gaan, G. gehn, gehen, OHG. g, g\'ben, SW. g&adeg;, Dan. gaae; cf. Gr. h\'be to go, AS. gangan, and E. gang. The past tense in AS., eode, is from the root i to go, as is also Goth. iddja went. &root;47a. Cf. Gang, v. i., Wend.]

1. To pass from one place to another; to be in motion; to be in a state not motionless or at rest; to proced; to advance; to make progress; -- used, in various applications, of the movement of both animate and inanimate beings, by whatever means, and also of the movements of the mind; also figuratively applied.

2. To move upon the feet, or step by step; to walk; also, to walk step by step, or leisurely. &hand; In old writers go is much used as opposed to run, or ride. "Whereso I go or ride." Chaucer.

You know that love Will creep in service where it can not go. Shak.
Thou must run to him; for thou hast staid so long that going will scarce serve the turn. Shak.
He fell from running to going, and from going to clambering upon his hands and his knees. Bunyan.
&hand; In Chaucer go is used frequently with the pronoun in the objective used reflexively; as, he goeth him home.

3. To be passed on fron one to another; to pass; to circulate; hence, with for, to have currency; to be taken, accepted, or regarded.

The man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul. 1 Sa. xvii. 12.
[The money] should go according to its true value. Locke.

4. To proceed or happen in a given manner; to fare; to move on or be carried on; to have course; to come to an issue or result; to succeed; to turn out.

How goes the night, boy ? Shak.
I think, as the world goes, he was a good sort of man enough. Arbuthnot.
Whether the cause goes for me or against me, you must pay me the reward. I Watts.

5. To proceed or tend toward a result, consequence, or product; to tend; to conduce; to be an ingredient; to avail; to apply; to contribute; -- often with the infinitive; as, this goes to show.

Against right reason all your counsels go. Dryden.
To master the foul flend there goeth some complement knowledge of theology. Sir W. Scott.

6. To apply one's self; to set one's self; to undertake.

Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a resolute orator, he went not to denial, but to justify his cruel falsehood. Sir P. Sidney.
&hand; Go, in this sense, is often used in the present participle with the auxiliary verb to be, before an infinitive, to express a future of intention, or to denote design; as, I was going to say; I am going to begin harvest.
Page 635

7. To proceed by a mental operation; to pass in mind or by an act of the memory or imagination; -- generally with over or through.

By going over all these particulars, you may receive some tolerable satisfaction about this great subject. South.

8. To be with young; to be pregnant; to gestate.

The fruit she goes with, I pray for heartily, that it may find Good time, and live. Shak.

9. To move from the person speaking, or from the point whence the action is contemplated; to pass away; to leave; to depart; -- in opposition to stay and come.

I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the Lord your God; . . . only ye shall not go very far away. Ex. viii. 28.

10. To pass away; to depart forever; to be lost or ruined; to perish; to decline; to decease; to die.

By Saint George, he's gone! That spear wound hath our master sped. Sir W. Scott.

11. To reach; to extend; to lead; as, a line goes across the street; his land goes to the river; this road goes to New York.

His amorous expressions go no further than virtue may allow. Dryden.

12. To have recourse; to resort; as, to go to law. &hand; Go is used, in combination with many prepositions and adverbs, to denote motion of the kind indicated by the preposition or adverb, in which, and not in the verb, lies the principal force of the expression; as, to go against to go into, to go out, to go aside, to go astray, etc. Go to, come; move; go away; -- a phrase of exclamation, serious or ironical. -- To go a-begging, not to be in demand; to be undesired. -- To go about. (a) To set about; to enter upon a scheme of action; to undertake. "They went about to slay him." Acts ix. 29.

They never go about . . . to hide or palliate their vices. Swift.
(b) (Naut.) To tack; to turn the head of a ship; to wear. -- To go abraod. (a) To go to a foreign country. (b) To go out of doors. (c) To become public; to be published or disclosed; to be current.
Then went this saying abroad among the brethren. John xxi. 23.
-- To go against. (a) To march against; to attack. (b) To be in opposition to; to be disagreeable to. -- To go ahead. (a) To go in advance. (b) To go on; to make progress; to proceed. -- To go and come. See To come and go, under Come. -- To go aside. (a) To withdraw; to retire.
He . . . went aside privately into a desert place. Luke. ix. 10.
(b) To go from what is right; to err. Num. v. 29.-- To go back on. (a) To retrace (one's path or footsteps). (b) To abandon; to turn against; to betray. [Slang, U. S.] -- To go below (Naut), to go below deck. -- To go between, to interpose or mediate between; to be a secret agent between parties; in a bad sense, to pander. -- To go beyond. See under Beyond. -- To go by, to pass away unnoticed; to omit. -- To go by the board (Naut.), to fall or be carried overboard; as, the mast went by the board. -- To go down. (a) To descend. (b) To go below the horizon; as, the sun has gone down. (c) To sink; to founder; -- said of ships, etc. (d) To be swallowed; -- used literally or figuratively. [Colloq.]
Nothing so ridiculous, . . . but it goes down whole with him for truth. L' Estrange.
-- To go far. (a) To go to a distance. (b) To have much weight or influence. -- To go for. (a) To go in quest of. (b) To represent; to pass for. (c) To favor; to advocate. (d) To attack; to assault. [Low] (e) To sell for; to be parted with for (a price). -- To go for nothing, to be parted with for no compensation or result; to have no value, efficacy, or influence; to count for nothing. -- To go forth. (a) To depart from a place. (b) To be divulged or made generally known; to emanate.
The law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem. Micah iv. 2.
-- To go hard with, to trouble, pain, or endanger. -- To go in, to engage in; to take part. [Colloq.] -- To go in and out, to do the business of life; to live; to have free access. John x. 9. -- To go in for. [Colloq.] (a) To go for; to favor or advocate (a candidate, a measure, etc.). (b) To seek to acquire or attain to (wealth, honor, preferment, etc.) (c) To complete for (a reward, election, etc.). (d) To make the object of one's labors, studies, etc.
He was as ready to go in for statistics as for anything else. Dickens.
-- To go in to ∨ unto. (a) To enter the presence of. Esther iv. 16.(b) To have sexual intercourse with. [Script.] -- To go into. (a) To speak of, investigate, or discuss (a question, subject, etc.). (b) To participate in (a war, a business, etc.). -- To go large. (Naut) See under Large. -- To go off. (a) To go away; to depart.
The leaders . . . will not go off until they hear you. Shak.
(b) To cease; to intermit; as, this sickness went off. (c) To die. Shak. (d) To explode or be discharged; -- said of gunpowder, of a gun, a mine, etc. (e) To find a purchaser; to be sold or disposed of. (f) To pass off; to take place; to be accomplished.
The wedding went off much as such affairs do. Mrs. Caskell.
-- To go on. (a) To proceed; to advance further; to continue; as, to go on reading. (b) To be put or drawn on; to fit over; as, the coat will not go on. -- To go all fours, to correspond exactly, point for point.
It is not easy to make a simile go on all fours. Macaulay.
-- To go out. (a) To issue forth from a place. (b) To go abroad; to make an excursion or expedition.
There are other men fitter to go out than I. Shak.
What went ye out for to see ? Matt. xi. 7, 8, 9.
(c) To become diffused, divulged, or spread abroad, as news, fame etc. (d) To expire; to die; to cease; to come to an end; as, the light has gone out.
Life itself goes out at thy displeasure. Addison.
-- To go over. (a) To traverse; to cross, as a river, boundary, etc.; to change sides.
I must not go over Jordan. Deut. iv. 22.
Let me go over, and see the good land that is beyond Jordan. Deut. iii. 25.
Ishmael . . . departed to go over to the Ammonites. Jer. xli. 10.
(b) To read, or study; to examine; to review; as, to go over one's accounts.
If we go over the laws of Christianity, we shall find that . . . they enjoin the same thing. Tillotson.
(c) To transcend; to surpass. (d) To be postponed; as, the bill went over for the session. (e) (Chem.) To be converted (into a specified substance or material); as, monoclinic sulphur goes over into orthorhombic, by standing; sucrose goes over into dextrose and levulose. -- To go through. (a) To accomplish; as, to go through a work. (b) To suffer; to endure to the end; as, to go through a surgical operation or a tedious illness. (c) To spend completely; to exhaust, as a fortune. (d) To strip or despoil (one) of his property. [Slang] (e) To botch or bungle a business. [Scot.] -- To go through with, to perform, as a calculation, to the end; to complete. -- To go to ground. (a) To escape into a hole; -- said of a hunted fox. (b) To fall in battle. -- To go to naught (Colloq.), to prove abortive, or unavailling. -- To go under. (a) To set; -- said of the sun. (b) To be known or recognized by (a name, title, etc.). (c) To be overwhelmed, submerged, or defeated; to perish; to succumb. -- To go up, to come to nothing; to prove abortive; to fail. [Slang] -- To go upon, to act upon, as a foundation or hypothesis. -- To go with. (a) To accompany. (b) To coincide or agree with. (c) To suit; to harmonize with. -- To go (well, ill, ∨ hard) with, to affect (one) in such manner. -- To go without, to be, or to remain, destitute of. -- To go wrong. (a) To take a wrong road or direction; to wander or stray. (b) To depart from virtue. (c) To happen unfortunately. (d) To miss success. -- To let go, to allow to depart; to quit one's hold; to release.

Go

Go (?), v. t.

1. To take, as a share in an enterprise; to undertake or become responsible for; to bear a part in.

They to go equal shares in the booty. L'Estrange.

2. To bet or wager; as, I'll go you a shilling. [Colloq.] To go halves, to share with another equally. -- >To go it, to behave in a wild manner; to be uproarious; to carry on; also, to proceed; to make progress. [Colloq.] -- To go it alone (Card Playing), to play a hand without the assistance of one's partner.<-- to do anything without the assistance of one's former associates --> -- To go it blind. (a) To act in a rash, reckless, or headlong manner. [Slang] (b) (Card Playing) To bet without having examined the cards.<-- = to bet in the blind --> -- To go one's way, to set forth; to depart.

Go

Go, n.

1. Act; working; operation. [Obs.]

So gracious were the goes of marriage. Marston.

2. A circumstance or occurrence; an incident. [Slang]

This is a pretty go. Dickens.

3. The fashion or mode; as, quite the go. [Colloq.]

4. Noisy merriment; as, a high go. [Colloq.]

5. A glass of spirits. [Slang]

6. Power of going or doing; energy; vitality; perseverance; push; as, there is no go in him. [Colloq.]

7. (Cribbage) That condition in the course of the game when a player can not lay down a card which will not carry the aggregate count above thirty-one. Great go, Little go, the final and the preliminary examinations for a degree. [Slang, Eng. Univ.] -- No go, a failure; a fiasco. [Slang] Thackeray. -- On the go, moving about; unsettled. [Colloq.]

Goa

Go"a (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A species of antelope (Procapra picticauda), inhabiting Thibet.

Goad

Goad (?), n. [AS. g\'bed; perh. akin to AS. g\'ber a dart, and E. gore. See Gore, v. t.] A pointed instrument used to urge on a beast; hence, any necessity that urges or stimulates.
The daily goad urging him to the daily toil. Macaulay.

Goad

Goad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Goaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Goading.] To prick; to drive with a goad; hence, to urge forward, or to rouse by anything pungent, severe, irritating, or inflaming; to stimulate.
That temptation that doth goad us on. Shak.
Syn. -- To urge; stimulate; excite; arouse; irritate; incite; instigate.

Goaf

Goaf (?); n
.; pl. Goafs (#) or Goaves (#). [Cf. lst Gob.] (Mining) That part of a mine from which the mineral has been partially or wholly removed; the waste left in old workings; -- called also gob . To work the goaf ∨ gob, to remove the pillars of mineral matter previously left to support the roof, and replace them with props. Ure.

Goal

Goal (?), n. [F. gaule pole, Prov. F. waule, of German origin; cf. Fries. walu staff, stick, rod, Goth. walus, Icel. v\'94lr a round stick; prob. akin to E. wale.]

1. The mark set to bound a race, and to or around which the constestants run, or from which they start to return to it again; the place at which a race or a journey is to end.

Part curb their fiery steeds, or shun the goal With rapid wheels. Milton.

2. The final purpose or aim; the end to which a design tends, or which a person aims to reach or attain.

Each individual seeks a several goal. Pope.

3. A base, station, or bound used in various games; in football, a line between two posts across which the ball must pass in order to score; also, the act of kicking the ball over the line between the goal posts. Goal keeper, the player charged with the defense of the goal.

Goa powder

Go"a pow"der (?). [So called from Goa, on the Malabar coast, whither it was shipped from Portugal.] A bitter powder (also called araroba) found in the interspaces of the wood of a Brazilian tree (Andira araroba) and used as a medicine. It is the material from which chrysarobin is obtained.

Goar

Goar (?), n. Same as lst Gore.

Goarish

Goar"ish, a. Patched; mean. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Goat

Goat (?), n. [OE goot, got, gat, AS. g\'bet; akin to D. geit, OHG. geiz, G. geiss, Icel. geit, Sw. get, Dan. ged, Goth. gaits, L. haedus a young goat, kid.] (Zo\'94l.) A hollow-horned ruminant of the genus Capra, of several species and varieties, esp. the domestic goat (C. hircus), which is raised for its milk, flesh, and skin. &hand; The Cashmere and Angora varieties of the goat have long, silky hair, used in the manufacture of textile fabrics. The wild or bezoar goat (Capra \'91gagrus), of Asia Minor, noted for the bezoar stones found in its stomach, is supposed to be one of the ancestral species ofthe domestic goat. The Rocky Montain goat (Haplocercus montanus) is more nearly related to the antelopes. See Mazame. Goat antelope (Zo\'94l), one of several species of antelopes, which in some respects resemble a goat, having recurved horns, a stout body, large hoofs, and a short, flat tail, as the goral, thar, mazame, and chikara. -- Goat fig (Bot.), the wild fig. -- Goat house. (a) A place for keeping goats. (b) A brothel. [Obs.] -- Goat moth (Zo\'94l.), any moth of the genus Cossus, esp. the large European species (C. ligniperda), the larva of which burrows in oak and willow trees, and requires three years to mature. It exhales an odor like that of the he-goat. -- Goat weed (Bot.), a scrophulariaceous plant, of the genus Capraria (C. biflora). -- Goat's bane (Bot.), a poisonous plant (Aconitum Lucoctonum), bearing pale yellow flowers, introduced from Switzerland into England; wolfsbane. -- Goat's beard (Bot.), a plant of the genus Tragopogon; -- so named from the long silky beard of the seeds. One species is the salsify or oyster plant. -- Goat's foot (Bot.), a kind of wood sorrel (Oxalis caprina) growing at the Cape of Good Hope. -- Goat's rue (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Galega officinalis of Europe, or Tephrosia Virginiana in the United States). -- Goat's thorn (Bot.), a thorny leguminous plant (Astragalus Tragacanthus), found in the Levant. -- Goat's wheat (Bot.), the genus Tragopyrum (now referred to Atraphaxis).

Goatee

Goat`ee" (?), n. A part of a man's beard on the chin or lower lip which is allowed to grow, and trimmed so as to resemble the beard of a goat.

Goatfish

Goat"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the genus Upeneus, inhabiting the Gulf of Mexico. It is allied to the surmullet.

Goatherd

Goat"herd` (?), n. One who tends goats. Spenser.

Goatish

Goat"ish, a. Characteristic of a goat; goatlike.
Give your chaste body up to the embraces Of goatish lust. Massinger.
-- Goat"ish*ly, adv. -- Goat"ish*ness, n.

Goatlike

Goat"like` (?), a. Like a goat; goatish.

Goatskin

Goat"skin` (?), n. The skin of a goat, or leather made from it. -- a. Made of the skin of a goat.

Goatsucker

Goat"suck`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of insectivorous birds, belonging to Caprimulgus and allied genera, esp. the European species (Caprimulgus Europ\'91us); -- so called from the mistaken notion that it sucks goats. The European species is also goat-milker, goat owl, goat chaffer, fern owl, night hawk, nightjar, night churr, churr-owl, gnat hawk, and dorhawk .

Goaves

Goaves (?), n. pl. [See Goaf, n.] (Mining) Old workings. See Goaf. Raymond.

Gob

Gob (?), n. [Cf. Goaf.] (Mining) Same as Goaf.

Gob

Gob, n. [OF. gob morsel; cf. F. gobe, gobbe, a poisoned morsel, poison ball, gobet a piece swallowed, gober to swallow greedily and without tasting; cf. Gael. & Ir. gob mouth, snout, W. gwp a bird's head and neck. Cf. Gobble, Job, n.]

1. A little mass or collection; a small quantity; a mouthful. [Low] L'Estrange.

2. The mouth. [Prov. Eng.or Low] Wright.

Gobbet

Gob"bet (?), n. [OE. & F. gobet. See 2d Gob.] A mouthful; a lump; a small piece. Spenser.
[He] had broken the stocks to small gobbets. Wyclif.

Gobbet

Gob"bet, v. t. To swallow greedily; to swallow in gobbets. [Low] L'Estrange.

Gobbetly

Gob"bet*ly, adv. In pieces. [Obs.] Huloet.

Gobbing

Gob"bing (?), n. [See lst Gob.] (Mining) (a) The refuse thrown back into the excavation after removing the coal. It is called also gob stuff.
Brande & C. (b) The process of packing with waste rock; stowing.

Gobble

Gob"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gobbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gobbling (?).] [Freq. of 2d gob.]

1. To swallow or eat greedily or hastily; to gulp.

Supper gobbled up in haste. Swift.

2. To utter (a sound) like a turkey cock.

He . . . gobbles out a note of self-approbation. Goldsmith.
To gobble up, to capture in a mass or in masses; to capture suddenly. [Slang]

Gobble

Gob"ble, v. i.

1. To eat greedily.

2. To make a noise like that of a turkey cock. Prior.

Gobble

Gob"ble, n. A noise made in the throat.
Ducks and geese . . . set up a discordant gobble. Mrs. Gore.

Gobbler

Gob"bler (?), n. A turkey cock; a bubbling Jock.

Gobelin

Gob"e*lin (?), a. Pertaining to tapestry produced in the so-called Gobelin works, which have been maintained by the French Government since 1667.

Gobemouche

Gobe`mouche" (?), n. [F.] Literally, a fly swallower; hence, once who keeps his mouth open; a boor; a silly and credulous person.

Gobet

Gob"et (?), n. See Gobbet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Go-between

Go"-be*tween` (?), n. An intermediate agent; a broker; a procurer; -- usually in a disparaging sense. Shak.

Gobioid

Go"bi*oid (?), a. [NL. Gobius + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the goby, or the genus Gobius. -- n. A gobioid fish.

Goblet

Gob"let (?), n. [F. gobelet, LL. gobeletus, gobellus; cf. L. cupa tub, cask. See Cupel.] A kind of cup or drinking vessel having a foot or standard, but without a handle.
We love not loaded boards and goblets crowned. Denham.

Goblin

Gob"lin (?), n. [OE. gobelin, F. gobelin, LL. gobelinus, fr. Gr. kobold, E. kobold, cobalt, Armor. gobilin an ignis fatuus, goblin.] An evil or mischievous spirit; a playful or malicious elf; a frightful phantom; a gnome.
To whom the goblin, full of wrath, replied. Milton.

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Gobline

Gob"line` (?), n. (Naut.) One of the ropes or chains serving as stays for the dolphin striker or the bowsprit; -- called also gobrope and gaubline.

Goblinize

Gob"lin*ize (?), v. t. To transform into a goblin. [R.] Lowell.

Goby

Go"by (?), n.; pl. Gobies (#). [F. gobie, L. gobius, gobio, Gr. Gudgeon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of small marine fishes of the genus Gobius and allied genera.

Go-by

Go"-by` (?), n. A passing without notice; intentional neglect; thrusting away; a shifting off; adieu; as, to give a proposal the go-by.
Some songs to which we have given the go-by. Prof. Wilson.

Gocart

Go"cart` (?), n. A framework moving on casters, designed to support children while learning to walk.

God

God (?), a. & n. Good. [Obs.] Chaucer.

God

God (?), n. [AS. god; akin to OS. & D. god, OHG. got, G. gott, Icel. gu, go, Sw. & Dan. gud, Goth. gup, prob. orig. a p. p. from a root appearing in Skr. h, p. p. h, to call upon, invoke, implore. Goodbye, Gospel, Gossip.]

1. A being conceived of as possessing supernatural power, and to be propitiated by sacrifice, worship, etc.; a divinity; a deity; an object of worship; an idol.

He maketh a god, and worshipeth it. Is. xliv. 15.
The race of Israel . . . bowing lowly down To bestial gods. Milton.

2. The Supreme Being; the eternal and infinite Spirit, the Creator, and the Sovereign of the universe; Jehovah.

God is a Spirit; and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth. John iv. 24.

3. A person or thing deified and honored as the chief good; an object of supreme regard.

Whose god is their belly. Phil. iii. 19.

4. Figuratively applied to one who wields great or despotic power. [R.] Shak. Act of God. (Law) See under Act. -- Gallery gods, the occupants of the highest and cheapest gallery of a theater. [Colloq.] -- God's acre, God's field, a burial place; a churchyard. See under Acre. -- God's house. (a) An almshouse. [Obs.] (b) A church. -- God's penny, earnest penny. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. -- God's Sunday, Easter.

God

God, v. t. To treat as a god; to idolize. [Obs.] Shak.

Godchild

God"child` (?), n. One for whom a person becomes sponsor at baptism, and whom he promises to see educated as a Christian; a godson or goddaughter. See Godfather.

Goddaughter

God"daugh`ter (?), n. [AS. goddohtor.] A female for whom one becomes sponsor at baptism.

Goddess

God"dess (?), n.

1. A female god; a divinity, or deity, of the female sex.

When the daughter of Jupiter presented herself among a crowd of goddesses, she was distinguished by her graceful stature and superior beauty. Addison.

2. A woman of superior charms or excellence.

Gode

Gode (?), a. & n. Good. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Godelich

Gode"lich (?), a. Goodly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Godfather

God"fa`ther (?), n. [AS. godf\'91der. Cf. Gossip.] A man who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism, and makes himself a surety for its Christian training and instruction.
There shall be for every Male-child to be baptized, when they can be had, two Godfathers and one Godmother; and for every Female, one Godfather and two Godmothers; and Parents shall be admitted as Sponsors, if it is desired. Book of Common Prayer (Prot. Episc. Ch., U. S. ).

Godfather

God"fa`ther, v. t. To act as godfather to; to take under one's fostering care. [R.] Burke.

God-fearing

God"-fear`ing (?), a. Having a reverential and loving feeling towards God; religious.
A brave good-fearing man. Tennyson.

Godhead

God"head (?), n. [OE. godhed. See -head, and cf. Godhood.]

1. Godship; deity; divinity; divine nature or essence; godhood.

2. The Deity; God; the Supreme Being.

The imperial throne Of Godhead, fixed for ever. Milton.

3. A god or goddess; a divinity. [Obs.]

Adoring first the genius of the place, The nymphs and native godheads yet unknown. Dryden.

Godhood

God"hood (?), n. [God + -hood. Cf. Godhead.] Divine nature or essence; deity; godhead.

Godild

God"ild (?). A corruption of God yield, i. e., God reward or bless. Shak.

Godless

God"less, a. Having, or acknowledging, no God; without reverence for God; impious; wicked. -- God"less*ly, adv. -- God"less*ness, n.

Godlike

God"like` (?), a. [God + like. Cf. Godly.] Resembling or befitting a god or God; divine; hence, preeminently good; as, godlike virtue. -- God"like`ness, n.

Godlily

God"li*ly (?), adv. Righteously. H. Wharton.

Godliness

God"li*ness, n. [From Godly.] Careful observance of, or conformity to, the laws of God; the state or quality of being godly; piety.
Godliness is profitable unto all things. 1 Tim. iv. 8.

Godling

God"ling (?), n. A diminutive god. Dryden.

Godly

God"ly, a. [God, n. + -ly. Cf.
Godlike, Like.] Pious; reverencing God, and his character and laws; obedient to the commands of God from love for, and reverence of, his character; conformed to God's law; devout; righteous; as, a godly life.
For godly sorrow worketh repentance. 2 Cor. vii. 10.

Godly

God"ly (?), adv. Piously; devoutly; righteously.
All that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution. 2. Tim. iii. 12.

Godlyhead

God"ly*head (?), n. [Cf. Goodlyhead.] Goodness. [Obs.] Spenser.

Godmother

God"moth`er (?), n. [AS. godm.] A woman who becomes sponsor for a child in baptism. See Godfather

Godown

Go*down" (?), n. [Corruption of Malay g\'bedong warehouse.] A warehouse. [East Indies]

Godroon

Go*droon" (?), n. [F. godron a round plait, godroon.] (Arch.) An ornament produced by notching or carving a rounded molding.

Godsend

God"send` (?), n. Something sent by God; an unexpected acquisiton or piece of good fortune.

Godship

God"ship, n. [God, n. + -ship.] The rank or character of a god; deity; divinity; a god or goddess.
O'er hills and dales their godships came. Prior.

Godsib

God"sib (?), n. A gossip. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Godson

God"son` (?), n. [AS. godsunu.] A male for whom one has stood sponsor in baptism. See Godfather.

Godspeed

God"speed` (?), n. Success; prosperous journeying; -- a contraction of the phrase, "God speed you." [Written also as two separate words.]
Receive him not into house, neither bid him God speed. 2 John 10.

Godward

God"ward (?), adv. Toward God. 2 Cor. iii. 4.

Godwit

God"wit (?), n. [Prob. from AS. g good + wiht creature, wight.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of long-billed, wading birds of the genus Limosa, and family Tringid\'91. The European black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa), the American marbled godwit (L. fedoa), the Hudsonian godwit (L. h\'91mastica), and others, are valued as game birds. Called also godwin.

Goel

Go"el (g&omac;"&ecr;l), a. [Cf. Yellow. &root;49.] Yellow. [Obs.] Tusser.

Go\'89land

Go`\'89`land" (?), n. [F. go\'89land.] (Zo\'94l.) A white tropical tern (Cygis candida).

Go\'89min

Go`\'89`min" (?), n. [F. go\'89mon seaweed.] A complex mixture of several substances extracted from Irish moss.

Goen

Go"en (?), p. p. of Go. [Obs.]

Goer

Go"er (?), n. [From Go.] One who, or that which, goes; a runner or walker; as: (a) A foot. [Obs.] Chapman. (b) A horse, considered in reference to his gait; as, a good goer; a safe goer.
This antechamber has been filled with comers and goers. Macaulay.

Goety

Go"e*ty (?), n. [Gr. go\'82tie.] Invocation of evil spirits; witchcraft. [Obs.] Hallywell.

Goff

Goff (?), n. [Cf. F. goffe ill-made, awkward, It. goffo, Sp. gofo, Prov. G. goff a blockhead, Gr. A silly clown. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Goff

Goff, n. A game. See Golf. [Scot.] Halliwell.

Goffer

Gof"fer (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Goffered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Goffering.] [See Gauffer.] To plait, flute, or crimp. See Gauffer. Clarke.

Gog

Gog (?), n. [Cf. agog, F. gogue sprightliness, also W. gogi to agitate, shake.] Haste; ardent desire to go. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Goggle

Gog"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Goggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Goggling (?).] [Cf. Ir. & Gael. gog a nod, slight motion.] To roll the eyes; to stare.
And wink and goggle like an owl. Hudibras.

Goggle

Gog"gle, a. Full and rolling, or staring; -- said of the eyes.
The long, sallow vissage, the goggle eyes. Sir W. Scott.

Goggle

Gog"gle, n. [See Goggle, v. i.]

1. A strained or affected rolling of the eye.

2. pl. (a) A kind of spectacles with short, projecting eye tubes, in the front end of which are fixed plain glasses for protecting the eyes from cold, dust, etc. (b) Colored glasses for relief from intense light. (c) A disk with a small aperture, to direct the sight forward, and cure squinting. (d) Any screen or cover for the eyes, with or without a slit for seeing through.

Goggled

Gog"gled (?), a. Prominent; staring, as the eye.

Goggle-eye

Gog"gle-eye` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of two or more species of American fresh-water fishes of the family Centrarchid\'91, esp. Ch\'91nobryttus antistius, of Lake Michigan and adjacent waters, and Ambloplites rupestris, of the Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley; -- so called from their prominent eyes. (b) The goggler.

Goggle-eyed

Gog"gle-eyed` (?), a. Having prominent and distorted or rolling eyes. Ascham.

Goggler

Gog"gler (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A carangoid oceanic fish (Trachurops crumenophthalmus), having very large and prominent eyes; -- called also goggle-eye, big-eyed scad, and cicharra.

Goglet

Gog"let (?), n. [Pg. gorgoleta.] See Gurglet.

Going

Go"ing (?), n.

1. The act of moving in any manner; traveling; as, the going is bad.

2. Departure. Milton.

3. Pregnancy; gestation; childbearing. Crew.

4. pl. Course of life; behavior; doings; ways.

His eyes are upon the ways of man, and he seeth all his goings. Job xxxiv. 21.
Going barrel. (Horology) (a) A barrel containing the mainspring, and having teeth on its periphery to drive the train. (b) A device for maintaining a force to drive the train while the timepiece is being wound up. -- Going forth. (Script.) (a) Outlet; way of exit. "Every going forth of the sanctuary." Ezek. xliv. 5. (b) A limit; a border. "The going forth thereof shall be from the south to Kadesh-barnea." Num. xxxiv. 4. -- Going out, ∨ Goings out. (Script.) (a) The utmost extremity or limit. "The border shall go down to Jordan, and the goings out of it shall be at the salt sea." Num. xxxiv. 12. (b) Departure or journeying. "And Moses wrote their goings out according to their journeys." Num. xxxiii. 2. -- Goings on, behavior; actions; conduct; -- usually in a bad sense.

Goiter Goitre

Goi"ter Goi"tre (?), n. [F. go\'8ctre, L. guttur throat, cf. tumidum guttur goiter, gutturosus goitered. See Guttural.] (Med.) An enlargement of the thyroid gland, on the anterior part of the neck; bronchocele. It is frequently associated with cretinism, and is most common in mountainous regions, especially in certain parts of Switzerland.

Goitered, Goitred

Goi"tered, Goi"tred (?), a. Affected with goiter.

Goitrous

Goi"trous (?), a. [F. go\'8ctreux, L. gutturosus. See Goiter.] Pertaining to the goiter; affected with the goiter; of the nature of goiter or bronchocele.
Let me not be understood as insinuating that the inhabitants in general are either goitrous or idiots. W. Coxe.

Gold, Golde, Goolde

Gold (?), Golde, Goolde (?), n. (Bot.) An old English name of some yellow flower, -- the marigold (Calendula), according to Dr. Prior, but in Chaucer perhaps the turnsole.

Gold

Gold (?), n. [AS. gold; akin to D. goud, OS. & G. gold, Icel. gull, Sw. & Dan. guld, Goth. gulp, Russ. & OSlav. zlato; prob. akin to E. yellow. Yellow, and cf. Gild, v. t.]

1. (Chem.) A metallic element, constituting the most precious metal used as a common commercial medium of exchange. It has a characteristic yellow color, is one of the heaviest substances known (specific gravity 19.32), is soft, and very malleable and ductile. It is quite unalterable by heat, moisture, and most corrosive agents, and therefore well suited for its use in coin and jewelry. Symbol Au (Aurum). Atomic weight 196.7. &hand; Native gold contains usually eight to ten per cent of silver, but often much more. As the amount of silver increases, the color becomes whiter and the specific gravity lower. Gold is very widely disseminated, as in the sands of many rivers, but in very small quantity. It usually occurs in quartz veins (gold quartz), in slate and metamorphic rocks, or in sand and alluvial soil, resulting from the disintegration of such rocks. It also occurs associated with other metallic substances, as in auriferous pyrites, and is combined with tellurium in the minerals petzite, calaverite, sylvanite, etc. Pure gold is too soft for ordinary use, and is hardened by alloying with silver and copper, the latter giving a characteristic reddish tinge. [See Carat.] Gold also finds use in gold foil, in the pigment purple of Cassius, and in the chloride, which is used as a toning agent in photography.

2. Money; riches; wealth.

For me, the gold of France did not seduce. Shak.

3. A yellow color, like that of the metal; as, a flower tipped with gold.

4. Figuratively, something precious or pure; as, hearts of gold. Shak. Age of gold. See Golden age, under Golden. -- Dutch gold, Fool's gold, Gold dust, etc. See under Dutch, Dust, etc. -- Gold amalgam, a mineral, found in Columbia and California, composed of gold and mercury. -- Gold beater, one whose occupation is to beat gold into gold leaf. -- Gold beater's skin, the prepared outside membrane of the large intestine of the ox, used for separating the leaves of metal during the process of gold-beating. -- Gold beetle (Zo\'94l.), any small gold-colored beetle of the family Chrysomelid\'91; -- called also golden beetle. -- Gold blocking, printing with gold leaf, as upon a book cover, by means of an engraved block. Knight. -- Gold cloth. See Cloth of gold, under Cloth. -- Gold Coast, a part of the coast of Guinea, in West Africa. -- Gold cradle. (Mining) See Cradle, n., 7. -- Gold diggings, the places, or region, where gold is found by digging in sand and gravel from which it is separated by washing. -- Gold end, a fragment of broken gold or jewelry. -- Gold-end man. (a) A buyer of old gold or jewelry. (b) A goldsmith's apprentice. (c) An itinerant jeweler. "I know him not: he looks like a gold-end man." B. Jonson. -- Gold fever, a popular mania for gold hunting. -- Gold field, a region in which are deposits of gold. -- Gold finder. (a) One who finds gold. (b) One who empties privies. [Obs. & Low] Swift. -- Gold flower, a composite plant with dry and persistent yellow radiating involucral scales, the Helichrysum St\'d2chas of Southern Europe. There are many South African species of the same genus. -- Gold foil, thin sheets of gold, as used by dentists and others. See Gold leaf. -- Gold knobs ∨ knoppes (Bot.), buttercups. -- Gold lace, a kind of lace, made of gold thread. -- Gold latten, a thin plate of gold or gilded metal. -- Gold leaf, gold beaten into a film of extreme thinness, and used for gilding, etc. It is much thinner than gold foil. -- Gold lode (Mining), a gold vein. -- Gold mine, a place where gold is obtained by mining operations, as distinguished from diggings, where it is extracted by washing. Cf. Gold diggings (above). -- Gold nugget, a lump of gold as found in gold mining or digging; -- called also a pepito. -- Gold paint. See Gold shell. -- Gold ∨ Golden, pheasant. (Zo\'94l.) See under Pheasant. -- Gold plate, a general name for vessels, dishes, cups, spoons, etc., made of gold.<-- now usu. referring to objects made of a base metal with a layer of gold on the surface. --> -- Gold of pleasure. [Name perhaps translated from Sp. oro-de-alegria.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Camelina, bearing yellow flowers. C. sativa is sometimes cultivated for the oil of its seeds. -- Gold shell. (a) A composition of powdered gold or gold leaf, ground up with gum water and spread on shells, for artists' use; -- called also gold paint. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A bivalve shell (Anomia glabra) of the Atlantic coast; -- called also jingle shell and silver shell. See Anomia. -- Gold size, a composition used in applying gold leaf. -- Gold solder, a kind of solder, often containing twelve parts of gold, two of silver, and four of copper. -- Gold stick, the colonel of a regiment of English lifeguards, who attends his sovereign on state occasions; -- so called from the gilt rod presented to him by the sovereign when he receives his commission as colonel of the regiment. [Eng.] -- Gold thread. (a) A thread formed by twisting flatted gold over a thread of silk, with a wheel and iron bobbins; spun gold. Ure. (b) (Bot.) A small evergreen plant (Coptis trifolia), so called from its fibrous yellow roots. It is common in marshy places in the United States. -- Gold tissue, a tissue fabric interwoven with gold thread. -- Gold tooling, the fixing of gold leaf by a hot tool upon book covers, or the ornamental impression so made. -- Gold washings, places where gold found in gravel is separated from lighter material by washing. -- Gold worm, a glowworm. [Obs.] -- Jeweler's gold, an alloy containing three parts of gold to one of copper.<-- 18K gold --> -- Mosaic gold. See under Mosaic.


Page 637

Gold-beaten

Gold"-beat`en (?), a. Gilded. [Obs.]

Gold-beating

Gold"-beat`ing (?), n. The art or process of reducing gold to extremely thin leaves, by beating with a hammer. Ure.

Gold-bound

Gold"-bound` (?), a. Encompassed with gold.

Goldcrest

Gold"crest` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European golden-crested kinglet (Regulus cristatus, or R. regulus); -- called also golden-crested wren, and golden wren. The name is also sometimes applied to the American golden-crested kinglet. See Kinglet.

Goldcup

Gold"cup` (?), n. (Bot.) The cuckoobud.

Golden

Gold"en (?), a. [OE. golden; cf. OE. gulden, AS. gylden, from gold. See Gold, and cf. Guilder.]

1. Made of gold; consisting of gold.

2. Having the color of gold; as, the golden grain.

3. Very precious; highly valuable; excellent; eminently auspicious; as, golden opinions. Golden age. (a) The fabulous age of primeval simplicity and purity of manners in rural employments, followed by the silver, bronze, and iron ages. Dryden. (b) (Roman Literature) The best part (B. C. 81 -- A. D. 14) of the classical period of Latinity; the time when Cicero, C\'91sar, Virgil, etc., wrote. Hence: (c) That period in the history of a literature, etc., when it flourishes in its greatest purity or attains its greatest glory; as, the Elizabethan age has been considered the golden age of English literature. -- Golden balls, three gilt balls used as a sign of a pawnbroker's office or shop; -- originally taken from the coat of arms of Lombardy, the first money lenders in London having been Lombards. -- Golden bull. See under Bull, an edict. -- Golden chain (Bot.), the shrub Cytisus Laburnum, so named from its long clusters of yellow blossoms. -- Golden club (Bot.), an aquatic plant (Orontium aquaticum), bearing a thick spike of minute yellow flowers. -- Golden cup (Bot.), the buttercup. -- Golden eagle (Zo\'94l.), a large and powerful eagle (Aquila Chrysa\'89tos) inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. It is so called from the brownish yellow tips of the feathers on the head and neck. A dark variety is called the royal eagle; the young in the second year is the ring-tailed eagle. -- Golden fleece. (a) (Mythol.) The fleece of gold fabled to have been taken from the ram that bore Phryxus through the air to Colchis, and in quest of which Jason undertook the Argonautic expedition. (b) (Her.) An order of knighthood instituted in 1429 by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy; -- called also Toison d'Or. -- Golden grease, a bribe; a fee. [Slang] -- Golden hair (Bot.), a South African shrubby composite plant with golden yellow flowers, the Chrysocoma Coma-aurea. -- Golden Horde (Hist.), a tribe of Mongolian Tartars who overran and settled in Southern Russia early in the 18th century. -- Golden Legend, a hagiology (the "Aurea Legenda") written by James de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa, in the 13th century, translated and printed by Caxton in 1483, and partially paraphrased by Longfellow in a poem thus entitled. -- Golden marcasite tin. [Obs.] -- Golden mean, the way of wisdom and safety between extremes; sufficiency without excess; moderation.

Angels guard him in the golden mean. Pope.
-- Golden mole (Zo\'94l), one of several South African Insectivora of the family Chrysochlorid\'91, resembling moles in form and habits. The fur is tinted with green, purple, and gold. -- Golden number (Chronol.), a number showing the year of the lunar or Metonic cycle. It is reckoned from 1 to 19, and is so called from having formerly been written in the calendar in gold. -- Golden oriole. (Zo\'94l.) See Oriole. -- Golden pheasant. See under Pheasant. -- Golden pippin, a kind of apple, of a bright yellow color. -- Golden plover (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of plovers, of the genus Charadrius, esp. the European (C. apricarius, or pluvialis; -- called also yellow, black-breasted hill, ∧ whistling, plover. The common American species (C. dominicus) is also called frostbird, and bullhead. -- Golden robin. (Zo\'94l.) See Baltimore oriole, in Vocab. -- Golden rose (R. C. Ch.), a gold or gilded rose blessed by the pope on the fourth Sunday in Lent, and sent to some church or person in recognition of special services rendered to the Holy See. -- Golden rule. (a) The rule of doing as we would have others do to us. Cf. Luke vi. 31. (b) The rule of proportion, or rule of three. -- Golden samphire (Bot.), a composite plant (Inula crithmoides), found on the seashore of Europe. -- Golden saxifrage (Bot.), a low herb with yellow flowers (Chrysosplenium oppositifolium), blossoming in wet places in early spring. -- Golden seal (Bot.), a perennial ranunculaceous herb (Hydrastis Canadensis), with a thick knotted rootstock and large rounded leaves. -- Golden sulphide, ∨ sulphuret, of antimony (Chem.), the pentasulphide of antimony, a golden or orange yellow powder. -- Golden warbler (Zo\'94l.), a common American wood warbler (Dendroica \'91stiva); -- called also blue-eyed yellow warbler, garden warbler, and summer yellow bird. -- Golden wasp (Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored hymenopterous insect, of the family Chrysidid\'91. The colors are golden, blue, and green. -- Golden wedding. See under Wedding.

Golden-eye

Gold"en-eye` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A duck (Glaucionetta clangula), found in Northern Europe, Asia, and America. The American variety (var. Americana) is larger. Called whistler, garrot, gowdy, pied widgeon, whiteside, curre, and doucker. Barrow's golden-eye of America (G. Islandica) is less common.

Goden ly

God"en *ly, adv. In golden terms or a golden manner; splendidly; delightfully. [Obs.] Shak.

Golden-rod

Gold"en-rod` (?), n. (Bot.) A tall herb (Solidago Virga-aurea), bearing yellow flowers in a graceful elongated cluster. The name is common to all the species of the genus Solidago. Golden-rod tree (Bot.), a shrub (Bosea Yervamora), a native of the Canary Isles.

Goldfinch

Gold"finch` (?), n. [AS. goldfinc. See Gold, and Finch.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A beautiful bright-colored European finch (Carduelis elegans). The name refers to the large patch of yellow on the wings. The front of the head and throat are bright red; the nape, with part of the wings and tail, black; -- called also goldspink, goldie, fool's coat, drawbird, draw-water, thistle finch, and sweet William. (b) The yellow-hammer. (c) A small American finch (Spinus tristis); the thistle bird. &hand; The name is also applied to other yellow finches, esp. to several additional American species of Spinus.

Goldfinny

Gold"fin`ny (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of two or more species of European labroid fishes (Crenilabrus melops, and Ctenolabrus rupestris); -- called also goldsinny, and goldney.

Goldfish

Gold"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small domesticated cyprinoid fish (Carassius auratus); -- so named from its color. It is native of China, and is said to have been introduced into Europe in 1691. It is often kept as an ornament, in small ponds or glass globes. Many varieties are known. Called also golden fish, and golden carp. See Telescope fish, under Telescope. (b) A California marine fish of an orange or red color; the garibaldi.

Gold-hammer

Gold"-ham`mer (?), n. The yellow-hammer.

Goldie

Gold"ie (?), n. [From Gold.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European goldfinch. (b) The yellow-hammer.

Goldilocks

Gold"i*locks` (?), n. Same as Goldylocks.

Goldin, Golding

Gold"in (?), Gold"ing (?), n. (Bot.) [From the golden color of the blossoms.] A conspicuous yellow flower, commonly the corn marigold (Chrysanthemum segetum). [This word is variously corrupted into gouland, gools, gowan, etc.]

Goldless

Gold"less (?), a. Destitute of gold.

Goldney

Gold"ney (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gilthead.

Goldseed

Gold"seed` (?), n. (Bot.) Dog's-tail grass.

Goldsinny

Gold"sin`ny (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Goldfinny.

Goldsmith

Gold"smith` (?), n. [AS. goldsmiGold., and Smith.]

1. An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments, etc., of gold.

2. A banker. [Obs.] &hand; The goldsmiths of London formerly received money on deposit because they were prepared to keep it safely. Goldsmith beetle (Zo\'94l.), a large, bright yellow, American beetle (Cotalpa lanigera), of the family Scarab\'91id\'91

Goldtit

Gold"tit` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Verdin.

Goldylocks

Gold"y*locks` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of several species of the genus Chrysocoma; -- so called from the tufts of yellow flowers which terminate the stems; also, the Ranunculus auricomus, a kind of buttercup.

Golet

Go"let (?), n. The gullet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Golet

Go"let, n. (Zo\'94l.) A California trout. See Malma.

Golf

Golf (?), n. [D. kolf club or bat, also a Dutch game played in an inclosed area with clubs and balls; akin to G. kolben club, but end, Icel. k tongue of a bell. bolt, Sw. kolf bolt, dart, but end, Dan. kolv bolt, arrow. Cf. Club, Globe.] A game played with a small ball and a bat or club crooked at the lower end. He who drives the ball into each of a series of small holes in the ground and brings it into the last hole with the fewest strokes is the winner. [Scot.] Strutt.

Golfer

Golf"er (?), n. One who plays golf. [Scot.]

Golgotha

Gol"go*tha (?), n. Calvary. See the Note under Calvary.

Goliard

Gol"iard (?), n. [From OF. goliart glutton, buffoon, riotous student, Goliard, LL. goliardus, prob. fr. L. gula throat. Cf. Gules.] A buffoon in the Middle Ages, who attended rich men's tables to make sport for the guests by ribald stories and songs.

Goliardery

Gol"iard*er*y (?), n. The satirical or ribald poetry of the Goliards. Milman.

Goliath beetle

Go*li"ath bee"tle (?). [From Goliath, the Philistine giant.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Goliathus, a genus of very large and handsome African beetles.

Goll

Goll (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A hand, paw, or claw. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. B. Jonson.

Goloe-shoe

Go*loe"-shoe` (?), n. A galoche.

Golore

Go*lore" (?), n. See Galore.

Goloshe

Go*loshe" (?), n. See Galoche.

Goltschut

Golt"schut (?), n.

1. A small ingot of gold.

2. A silver ingot, used in Japan as money.

Golyardeys

Gol"yard*eys (?), n. A buffoon. See Gollard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Goman

Go"man (?), n. [Prob. fr. good man; but cf. also AS. gumman a man, OHG. gomman man, husband.] A husband; a master of a family. [Obs.]

Gomarist, Gomarite

Go"mar*ist (?), Go"mar*ite (?), n. (Eccl.-Hist.) One of the followers of Francis Gomar or Gomarus, a Dutch disciple of Calvin in the 17th century, who strongly opposed the Arminians.

Gombo

Gom"bo (?), n. See Gumbo.

Gome

Gome (?), n. [AS. guma; akin to Goth. guma, L. homo. See Bridegroom.] A man. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

Gome

Gome, n. [Cf. Icel. gormr ooze, mud.] The black grease on the axle of a cart or wagon wheel; -- called also gorm. See Gorm. [Prov. Eng.]

Gomer

Go"mer (?), n. A Hebrew measure. See Homer.

Gomer

Go"mer, n. (Gun.) A conical chamber at the breech of the bore in heavy ordnance, especially in mortars; -- named after the inventor.

Gommelin

Gom"me*lin (?), n. [F. gommeline, from gomme gum.] (Chem.) See Dextrin.

Gomphiasis

Gom*phi"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease of the teeth, which causes them to loosen and fall out of their sockets.

Gomphosis

Gom*pho"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gomphose.] (Anat.) A form of union or immovable articulation where a hard part is received into the cavity of a bone, as the teeth into the jaws.

Gomuti

Go*mu"ti (?), n. [Malayan gumuti.] A black, fibrous substance resembling horsehair, obtained from the leafstalks of two kinds of palms, Metroxylon Sagu, and Arenga saccharifera, of the Indian islands. It is used for making cordage. Called also ejoo.

Gon

Gon (?), imp. & p. p. of Go. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gonad

Gon"ad (?), n.; pl. Gonads (#). [Gr. (Anat.) One of the masses of generative tissue primitively alike in both sexes, but giving rise to either an ovary or a testis; a generative gland; a germ gland. Wiedersheim.

Gonakie

Go"na*kie (?), n. (Bot.) An African timber tree (Acacia Adansonii).

Gonangium

Go`nan*gi"um (?), n.; pl. L. Gonangia (#), E. Gonangiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Gonotheca.

Gondola

Gon"do*la (?), n. [It., dim. of gonda a gondola; cf. LL. gandeia a kind of boat, Gr. gondole gondola, cup.]

1. A long, narrow boat with a high prow and stern, used in the canals of Venice. A gondola is usually propelled by one or two oarsmen who stand facing the prow, or by poling. A gondola for passengers has a small open cabin amidships, for their protection against the sun or rain. A sumptuary law of Venice required that gondolas should be painted black, and they are customarily so painted now.

2. A flat-bottomed boat for freight. [U. S.]

3. A long platform car, either having no sides or with very low sides, used on railroads. [U. S.]

Gondolet

Gon"do*let (?), n. [It. gondoletta, dim. of gondola.] A small gondola. T. Moore.

Gondolier

Gon`do*lier" (?), n. [It. gondoliere: cf. F. gondolier.] A man who rows a gondola.

Gone

Gone (?), p. p. of Go.

Goneness

Gone"ness, n. A state of exhaustion; faintness, especially as resulting from hunger. [Colloq. U. S.]

Gonfalon, Gonfanon

Gon"fa*lon (?), Gon"fa*non (?), n. [OE. gonfanoun, OF. gonfanon, F. gonfalon, the same word as F. confalon, name of a religious brotherhood, fr. OHG. gundfano war flag; gund war (used in comp., and akin to AS. g\'d4\'eb) + fano cloth, flag; akin to E. vane; cf. AS. g\'d4\'ebfana. See Vane, and cf. Confalon.]

1. The ensign or standard in use by certain princes or states, such as the medi\'91val republics of Italy, and in more recent times by the pope.

2. A name popularly given to any flag which hangs from a crosspiece or frame instead of from the staff or the mast itself.

Standards and gonfalons, 'twixt van and rear, Stream in the air. Milton.
Page 638

Gonfalonier

Gon`fa*lon*ier" (?), n. [F. gonfalonier: cf. It. gonfaloniere.] He who bears the gonfalon; a standard bearer; as: (a) An officer at Rome who bears the standard of the Church. (b) The chief magistrate of any one of several republics in medi\'91veal Italy. (c) A Turkish general, and standard keeper.

Gong

Gong (?), n. [AS. gong, gang, a going, passage, drain. See Gang.] A privy or jakes. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gong farmer, Gong man, a cleaner of privies. [Obs.]

Gong

Gong, n.

1. [Malayan (Jav.) g&omac;ng.] An instrument, first used in the East, made of an alloy of copper and tin, shaped like a disk with upturned rim, and producing, when struck, a harsh and resounding noise.

O'er distant deserts sounds the Tartar gong. Longfellow.

2. (Mach.) A flat saucerlike bell, rung by striking it with a small hammer which is connected with it by various mechanical devices; a stationary bell, used to sound calls or alarms; -- called also gong bell. Gong metal, an alloy (78 parts of copper, 22 of tin), from which Oriental gongs are made.

Goniatite

Go"ni*a*tite (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) One of an extinct genus of fossil cephalopods, allied to the Ammonites. The earliest forms are found in the Devonian formation, the latest, in the Triassic.

Gonidial

Go*nid"i*al (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia.

Gonidial

Go*nid"i*al, a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the angles of the mouth; as, a gonidial groove of an actinian.

Gonidium

Go*nid"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zool.) A special groove or furrow at one or both angles of the mouth of many Anthozoa.

Gonidium

Go*nid"i*um, n.; pl. Gonidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A component cell of the yellowish green layer in certain lichens.

Gonimia

Go*nim"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) Bluish green granules which occur in certain lichens, as Collema, Peltigera, etc., and which replace the more usual gonidia.

Gonimous

Gon"i*mous (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia or gonimia, as that part of a lichen which contains the green or chlorophyll-bearing cells.

Goniometer

Go`ni*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. goniom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring angles, especially the angles of crystals, or the inclination of planes. Contact, ∨ Hand, goniometer, a goniometer having two movable arms (ab, cd), between which (at ab) the faces of the crystals are placed. These arms turn about a fixed point, which is the center of the graduated circle or semicircle upon which the angle is read off. -- Reflecting goniometer, an instrument for measuring the angles of crystals by determining through what angular space the crystal must be turned so that two rays reflected from two surfaces successively shall have the same direction; -- called also Wollaston's goniometer, from the inventor.

Goniometric, Goniometrical

Go`ni*o*met"ric (?), Go`ni*o*met"ric*al (
, a. Pertaining to, or determined by means of, a goniometer; trigonometric.

Goniometry

Go`ni*om"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. goniom\'82trie.] (Math.) The art of measuring angles; trigonometry.

Gonoblastid

Gon`o*blas"tid (?), n. [See Gonoblastidium.] (Zo\'94l.) A reproductive bud of a hydroid; a simple gonophore.

Gonoblastidium

Gon`o*blas*tid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Gonoblastidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A blastostyle.

Gonocalyx

Gon`o*ca"lyx (?), n. [Gr. calyx,] (Zo\'94l.) The bell of a sessile gonozooid.

Gonochorism

Gon`o*cho"rism (?), n. [Gr. (a) Separation of the sexes in different individuals; -- opposed to hermaphroditism. (b) In ontogony, differentiation of male and female individuals from embryos having the same rudimentary sexual organs. (c) In phylogeny, the evolution of distinct sexes in species previously hermaphrodite or sexless.

Gonococcus

Gon`o*coc"cus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. coccus.] (Med.) A vegetable micro\'94rganism of the genus Micrococcus, occurring in the secretion in gonorrhea. It is believed by some to constitute the cause of this disease.<-- now Neisseria gonnorrhoeae -->

Gonoph

Gon"oph (?), n. [Perh. fr. Heb. gann\'bebh thief.] A pickpocket or thief. [Eng. Slang]<-- also ganef, gonif, goniff --> Dickens.

Gonophore

Gon"o*phore (?), n. [Gr.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A sexual zooid produced as a medusoid bud upon a hydroid, sometimes becoming a free hydromedusa, sometimes remaining attached. See Hydroidea, and Illusts. of Athecata, Campanularian, and Gonosome.

2. (Bot.) A lengthened receptacle, bearing the stamens and carpels in a conspicuous manner.

Gonorrhea, Gonorrh\'d2a

Gon`or*rhe"a, Gon`or*rh\'d2"a (?), n. [L. gonorrhoea, Gr. gonorrh\'82e.] (Med.) A contagious inflammatory disease of the genitourinary tract, affecting especially the urethra and vagina, and characterized by a mucopurulent discharge, pain in urination, and chordee; clap.

Gonorrheal, Gonorrh\'d2al

Gon`or*rhe"al, Gon`or*rh\'d2"al (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to gonorrhea; as, gonorrheal rheumatism.

Gonosome

Gon"o*some (?), n. [Gr. -some body.] (Zo\'94l.) The reproductive zooids of a hydroid colony, collectively.

Gonotheca

Gon`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Gonothec (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A capsule developed on certain hydroids (Thecaphora), inclosing the blastostyle upon which the medusoid buds or gonophores are developed; -- called also gonangium, and teleophore. See Hydroidea, and Illust. of Campanularian.

Gonozooid

Gon`o*zo"oid (?), n. [Gr. zooid.] (Zo\'94l.) A sexual zooid, or medusoid bud of a hydroid; a gonophore. See Hydroidea, and Illust. of Campanularian.

Gonydial

Go*nyd"i*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the gonys of a bird's beak.

Gonys

Go"nys (?), n. [Cf. Genys.] (Zo\'94l.) The keel or lower outline of a bird's bill, so far as the mandibular rami are united.

Goober

Goo"ber (?), n. A peanut. [Southern U. S.]

Good

Good (?), a. [Compar. Better (?); superl. Best (?). These words, though used as the comparative and superlative of good, are from a different root.] [AS. G&omac;d, akin to D. goed, OS. g&omac;d, OHG. guot, G. gut, Icel. g&omac;&edh;r, Sw. & Dan. god, Goth. g&omac;ds; prob. orig., fitting, belonging together, and akin to E. gather. &root;29 Cf. Gather.]

1. Possessing desirable qualities; adapted to answer the end designed; promoting success, welfare, or happiness; serviceable; useful; fit; excellent; admirable; commendable; not bad, corrupt, evil, noxious, offensive, or troublesome, etc.

And God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was very good. Gen. i. 31.
Good company, good wine, good welcome. Shak.

2. Possessing moral excellence or virtue; virtuous; pious; religious; -- said of persons or actions.

In all things showing thyself a pattern of good works. Tit. ii. 7.

3. Kind; benevolent; humane; merciful; gracious; polite; propitious; friendly; well-disposed; -- often followed by to or toward, also formerly by unto.

The men were very good unto us. 1 Sam. xxv. 15.

4. Serviceable; suited; adapted; suitable; of use; to be relied upon; -- followed especially by for.

All quality that is good for anything is founded originally in merit. Collier.

5. Clever; skillful; dexterous; ready; handy; -- followed especially by at.

He . . . is a good workman; a very good tailor. Shak.
Those are generally good at flattering who are good for nothing else. South.

6. Adequate; sufficient; competent; sound; not fallacious; valid; in a commercial sense, to be depended on for the discharge of obligations incurred; having pecuniary ability; of unimpaired credit.

My reasons are both good and weighty. Shak.
My meaning in saying he is a good man is . . . that he is sufficient . . . I think I may take his bond. Shak.

7. Real; actual; serious; as in the phrases in good earnest; in good sooth.

Love no man in good earnest. Shak.

8. Not small, insignificant, or of no account; considerable; esp., in the phrases a good deal, a good way, a good degree, a good share or part, etc.

9. Not lacking or deficient; full; complete.

Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over. Luke vi. 38.

10. Not blemished or impeached; fair; honorable; unsullied; as in the phrases a good name, a good report, good repute, etc.

A good name is better than precious ointment. Eccl. vii. 1.
As good as. See under As. -- For good, ∨ For good and all, completely and finally; fully; truly.
The good woman never died after this, till she came to die for good and all. L'Estrange.
-- Good breeding, polite or polished manners, formed by education; a polite education.
Distinguished by good humor and good breeding. Macaulay.
-- Good cheap, literally, good bargain; reasonably cheap. -- Good consideration (Law). (a) A consideration of blood or of natural love and affection. Blackstone. (b) A valuable consideration, or one which will sustain a contract. -- Good fellow, a person of companionable qualities. [Familiar] -- Good folk, or Good people, fairies; brownies; pixies, etc. [Colloq. Eng. & Scot.] -- Good for nothing. (a) Of no value; useless; worthless. (b) Used substantively, an idle, worthless person.
My father always said I was born to be a good for nothing. Ld. Lytton.
-- Good Friday, the Friday of Holy Week, kept in some churches as a fast, in memoory of our Savior's passion or suffering; the anniversary of the crucifixion. -- Good humor, ∨ Good-humor, a cheerful or pleasant temper or state of mind. -- Good nature, ∨ Good-nature, habitual kindness or mildness of temper or disposition; amiability; state of being in good humor.
The good nature and generosity which belonged to his character. Macaulay.
The young count's good nature and easy persuadability were among his best characteristics. Hawthorne.
-- Good people. See Good folk (above). -- Good speed, good luck; good success; godspeed; -- an old form of wishing success. See Speed. -- Good turn, an act of kidness; a favor. -- Good will. (a) Benevolence; well wishing; kindly feeling. (b) (Law) The custom of any trade or business; the tendency or inclination of persons, old customers and others, to resort to an established place of business; the advantage accruing from tendency or inclination.
The good will of a trade is nothing more than the probability that the old customers will resort to the old place. Lord Eldon.
-- In good time. (a) Promptly; punctually; opportunely; not too soon nor too late. (b) (Mus.) Correctly; in proper time. -- To hold good, to remain true or valid; to be operative; to remain in force or effect; as, his promise holds good; the condition still holds good. -- To make good, to fulfill; to establish; to maintain; to supply (a defect or deficiency); to indemmify; to prove or verify (an accusation); to prove to be blameless; to clear; to vindicate.
Each word made good and true. Shak.
Of no power to make his wishes good. Shak.
I . . . would by combat make her good. Shak.
Convenient numbers to make good the city. Shak.
-- To think good, to approve; to be pleased or satisfied with; to consider expedient or proper.
If ye think good, give me my price; and if not, forbear. Zech. xi. 12.
&hand; Good, in the sense of wishing well, is much used in greeting and leave-taking; as, good day, good night, good evening, good morning, etc.

Good

Good (?), n.

1. That which possesses desirable qualities, promotes success, welfare, or happiness, is serviceable, fit, excellent, kind, benevolent, etc.; -- opposed to evil.

There be many that say, Who will show us any good ? Ps. iv. 6.

2. Advancement of interest or happiness; welfare; prosperity; advantage; benefit; -- opposed to harm, etc.

The good of the whole community can be promoted only by advancing the good of each of the members composing it. Jay.

3. pl. Wares; commodities; chattels; -- formerly used in the singular in a collective sense. In law, a comprehensive name for almost all personal property as distinguished from land or real property. Wharton.

He hath made us spend much good. Chaucer.
Thy lands and goods Are, by the laws of Venice, confiscate Unto the state of Venice. Shak.
Dress goods, Dry goods, etc. See in the Vocabulary. -- Goods engine, a freight locomotive. [Eng.] -- Goods train, a freight train. [Eng.] -- Goods wagon, a freight car [Eng.] See the Note under Car, n., 2.

Good

Good, adv. Well, -- especially in the phrase as good, with a following as expressed or implied; equally well with as much advantage or as little harm as possible.
As good almost kill a man as kill a good book. Milton.
As good as, in effect; virtually; the same as.
They who counsel ye to such a suppressing, do as good as bid ye suppress yourselves. Milton.

Good

Good, v. t.

1. To make good; to turn to good. [Obs.]

2. To manure; to improve. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Good-by, Good-bye

Good`-by", Good`-bye" (?), n. ∨ interj. [A contraction of God be with ye (God be w&icr; ye, God bw' ye, God bwye).] Farewell; a form of address used at parting. See the last Note under By, prep. Shak.

Good-den

Good`-den" (?), interj. [Corrupt. of good e'en, for good evening.] A form of salutation. [Obs.] Shak.

Good-fellowship

Good`-fel"low*ship (?), n. Agreeable companionship; companionableness.

Goodgeon

Good"geon (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Gudgeon, 5.

Good-humored

Good`-hu"mored (?), a. Having a cheerful spirit and demeanor; good-tempered. See Good-natured.

Good-humoredly

Good`-hu"mored*ly, adv. With a cheerful spirit; in a cheerful or good-tempered manner.

Goodish

Good"ish (?), a. Rather good than the contrary; not actually bad; tolerable.
Goodish pictures in rich frames. Walpole.

Goodless

Good"less, a. Having no goods. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Goodlich

Good"lich (?), a. Goodly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Goodliness

Good"li*ness (?), n. [From Goodly.] Beauty of form; grace; elegance; comeliness.
Her goodliness was full of harmony to his eyes. Sir P. Sidney.

Good-looking

Good"-look`ing (?), a. Handsome.

Goodly

Good"ly, adv. Excellently. [Obs.] Spenser.

Goodly

Good"ly, a. [Compar. Goodlier (?); superl. Goodliest.] [OE. godlich, AS. g. See Good, and Like.]

1. Pleasant; agreeable; desirable.

We have many goodly days to see. Shak.

2. Of pleasing appearance or character; comely; graceful; as, a goodly person; goodly raiment, houses.

The goodliest man of men since born. Milton.

3. Large; considerable; portly; as, a goodly number.

Goodly and great he sails behind his link. Dryden.

Goodlyhead, Goodlyhood

Good"ly*head (?), Good"ly*hood (?) n. Goodness; grace; goodliness. [Obs.] Spenser.

Goodman

Good"man (?), n. [Good + man]

1. A familiar appellation of civility, equivalent to "My friend", "Good sir", "Mister;" -- sometimes used ironically. [Obs.]

With you, goodman boy, an you please. Shak.

2. A husband; the master of a house or family; -- often used in speaking familiarly. [Archaic] Chaucer.

Say ye to the goodman of the house, . . . Where is the guest-chamber ? Mark xiv. 14.

Page 639

&hand; In the early colonial records of New England, the term goodman is frequently used as a title of designation, sometimes in a respectful manner, to denote a person whose first name was not known, or when it was not desired to use that name; in this use it was nearly equivalent to Mr. This use was doubtless brought with the first settlers from England.

Good-natured

Good`-na"tured (?), a. Naturally mild in temper; not easily provoked. Syn. -- Good-natured, Good-tempered, Good-humored. Good-natured denotes a disposition to please and be pleased. Good-tempered denotes a habit of mind which is not easily ruffied by provocations or other disturbing influences. Good-humored is applied to a spirit full of ease and cheerfulness, as displayed in one's outward deportment and in social intercourse. A good-natured man recommends himself to all by the spirit which governs him. A good-humored man recommends himself particularly as a companion. A good-tempered man is rarely betrayed into anything which can disturb the serenity of the social circle.

Good-naturedly

Good`-na"tured*ly, adv. With maldness of temper.

Goodness

Good"ness (?), n. [AS. g.] The quality of being good in any of its various senses; excellence; virtue; kindness; benevolence; as, the goodness of timber, of a soil, of food; goodness of character, of disposition, of conduct, etc.

Good now

Good" now" (?). An exclamation of wonder, surprise, or entreaty. [Obs.] Shak.

Goods

Goods (?), n. pl. See Good, n., 3.

Goodship

Good"ship, n. Favor; grace. [Obs.] Gower.

Good-tempered

Good`-tem"pered (?), a. Having a good temper; not easily vexed. See Good-natured.

Goodwife

Good"wife` (?), n. The mistress of a house. [Archaic] Robynson (More's Utopia).

Goody

Good"y (?), n.; pl. Goodies (.

1. A bonbon, cake, or the like; -- usually in the pl. [Colloq.]

2. (Zo\'94l.) An American fish; the lafayette or spot.

Goody

Good"y, n.; pl. Goodies (#). [Prob. contr. from goodwife.] Goodwife; -- a low term of civility or sport.

Gode-year

Gode"-year (?), n. [See Goujere.] The venereal disease; -- often used as a mild oath. [Obs.] Shak.

Goody-goody

Good"y-good`y, a. Mawkishly or weakly good; exhibiting goodness with silliness. [Colloq.]

Goodyship

Good"y*ship, n. The state or quality of a goody or goodwife [Jocose] Hudibraus.

Gooroo, Guru

Goo*roo", Gu*ru" (
, n. [Hind. gur a spiritual parent or teacher, Skr. guru heavy, noble, venerable, teacher. Cf. Grief.] A spiritual teacher, guide, or confessor amoung the Hindoos. Malcom.

Goosander

Goos"an`der (?), n. [OE. gossander, a tautological word formed fr. goose + gander. Cf. Merganser.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of merganser (M. merganser) of Northern Europe and America; -- called also merganser, dundiver, sawbill, sawneb, shelduck, and sheldrake. See Merganser.

Goose

Goose (?), n.; pl. Geese (#). [OE. gos, AS. g, pl. g; akin to D. & G. gans, Icel. g\'bes, Dan. gaas, Sw. g, Russ. guse. OIr. geiss, L. anser, for hanser, Gr. hamsa. &root;233. Cf. Gander, Gannet, Ganza, Gosling.] (Zo\'94l.)

1. Any large web-footen bird of the subfamily Anserin\'91, and belonging to Anser, Branta, Chen, and several allied genera. See Anseres. &hand; The common domestic goose is believed to have been derived from the European graylag goose (Anser anser). The bean goose (A. segetum), the American wild or Canada goose (Branta Canadensis), and the bernicle goose (Branta leucopsis) are well known species. The American white or snow geese and the blue goose belong to the genus Chen. See Bernicle, Emperor goose, under Emperor, Snow goose, Wild goose, Brant.

2. Any large bird of other related families, resembling the common goose. &hand; The Egyptian or fox goose (Alopochen \'92gyptiaca) and the African spur-winged geese (Plectropterus) belong to the family Plectropterid\'91. The Australian semipalmated goose (Anseranas semipalmata) and Cape Barren goose (Cereopsis Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91) are very different from northern geese, and each is made the type of a distinct family. Both are domesticated in Australia.

3. A tailor's smoothing iron, so called from its handle, which resembles the neck of a goose.

4. A silly creature; a simpleton.

5. A game played with counters on a board divided into compartments, in some of which a goose was depicted.

The pictures placed for ornament and use, The twelve good rules, the royal game of goose. Goldsmith.
A wild goose chase, an attempt to accomplish something impossible or unlikely of attainment. -- Fen goose. See under Fen. -- Goose barnacle (Zo\'94l.), any pedunculated barnacle of the genus Anatifa or Lepas; -- called also duck barnacle. See Barnacle, and Cirripedia. -- Goose cap, a silly person. [Obs.] Beau. & . -- Goose corn (Bot.), a coarse kind of rush (Juncus squarrosus). -- Goose feast, Michaelmas. [Colloq. Eng.] -- Goose flesh, a peculiar roughness of the skin produced by cold or fear; -- called also goose skin.<-- and goose pimples and goose bumps --> -- Goose grass. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Galium (G. Aparine), a favorite food of geese; -- called also catchweed and cleavers. (b) A species of knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare). (c) The annual spear grass (Poa annua). -- Goose neck, anything, as a rod of iron or a pipe, curved like the neck of a goose; specially (Naut.), an iron hook connecting a spar with a mast. -- Goose quill, a large feather or quill of a goose; also, a pen made from it. -- Goose skin. See Goose flesh, above. -- Goose tongue (Bot.), a composite plant (Achillea ptarmica), growing wild in the British islands. -- Sea goose. (Zo\'94l.) See Phalarope. -- Solan goose. (Zo\'94l.) See Gannet.

Gooseberry

Goose"ber*ry (?), n.; pl. Gooseberries (#), [Corrupted for groseberry or groiseberry, fr. OF. groisele, F. groseille, -- of German origin; cf. G. krausbeere, kr\'84uselbeere (fr. kraus crisp), D. kruisbes, kruisbezie (as if crossberry, fr. kruis cross; for kroesbes, kroesbezie, fr. kroes crisp), Sw. krusb\'84r (fr. krus, krusing, crisp). The first part of the word is perh. akin to E. curl. Cf. Grossular, a.]

1. (Bot.) Any thorny shrub of the genus Ribes; also, the edible berries of such shrub. There are several species, of which Ribes Grossularia is the one commonly cultivated.

2. A silly person; a goose cap. Goldsmith. Barbadoes gooseberry, a climbing prickly shrub (Pereskia aculeata) of the West Indies, which bears edible berries resembling gooseberries. -- Coromandel gooseberry. See Carambola. -- Gooseberry fool. See lst Fool. -- Gooseberry worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a small moth (Dakruma convolutella). It destroys the gooseberry by eating the interior.

Goosefish

Goose"fish` (?), n. (Z\'94ll.) See Angler.

Goosefoot

Goose"foot` (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of herbs (Chenopodium) mostly annual weeds; pigweed.

Goosery

Goos"er*y (?), n.; pl. Gooseries (.

1. A place for keeping geese.

2. The characteristics or actions of a goose; silliness.

The finical goosery of your neat sermon actor. Milton.

Goosewing

Goose"wing` (?), n. (Naut.) One of the clews or lower corners of a course or a topsail when the middle part or the rest of the sail is furled.

Goosewinged

Goose"winged` (?), a. (Naut.) (a) Having a "goosewing." (b) Said of a fore-and-aft rigged vessel with foresail set on one side and mainsail on the other; wing and wing.

Goosish

Goos"ish, a. Like a goose; foolish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Goost

Goost (?), n. Ghost; spirit. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Goot

Goot (?), n. A goat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Go-out

Go"-out` (?), n. A sluice in embankments against the sea, for letting out the land waters, when the tide is out. [Written also gowt.]

Gopher

Go"pher (?), n. [F. gaufre waffle, honeycomb. See Gauffer.] (Zo\'94l.)

1. One of several North American burrowing rodents of the genera Geomys and Thomomys, of the family Geomyid\'91; -- called also pocket gopher and pouched rat. See Pocket gopher, and Tucan. &hand; The name was originally given by French settlers to many burrowing rodents, from their honeycombing the earth.

2. One of several western American species of the genus Spermophilus, of the family Sciurid\'91; as, the gray gopher (Spermophilus Franklini) and the striped gopher (S. tridecemlineatus); -- called also striped prairie squirrel, leopard marmot, and leopard spermophile. See Spermophile.

3. A large land tortoise (Testudo Carilina) of the Southern United States, which makes extensive burrows.

4. A large burrowing snake (Spilotes Couperi) of the Southern United States. Gopher drift (Mining), an irregular prospecting drift, following or seeking the ore without regard to regular grade or section. Raymond.

Gopher wood

Go"pher wood` (?). [Heb. g&omac;pher.] A species of wood used in the construction of Noah's ark. Gen. vi. 14.

Goracco

Go*rac"co (?), n. A paste prepared from tobacco, and smoked in hookahs in Western India.

Goral

Go"ral (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Indian goat antelope (Nemorhedus goral), resembling the chamois.

Goramy

Go"ra*my (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gourami.

Gor-bellied

Gor"-bel`lied (?), a. Bog-bellied. [Obs.]

Gor-belly

Gor"-bel`ly, n. [Gore filth, dirt + belly.] A prominent belly; a big-bellied person. [Obs.]

Gorce

Gorce (?), n. [OF. gort, nom. gorz, gulf, L. gurges whirlpool, gulf, stream. See Gorge.] A pool of water to keep fish in; a wear. [Obs.] <-- "wear" here is in the sense of "weir". But why the less-common word? -->

Gorcock

Gor"cock` (?), n. [Prob. from gore blood.] (Zo\'94l.) The moor cock, or red grouse. See Grouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Gorcrow

Gor"crow` (?), n. [AS. gor dung, dirt. See Gore blood, dirt.] (Zo\'94l.) The carrion crow; -- called also gercrow. [Prov. Eng.]

Gord

Gord (?), n. [Written also gourd.] [Perh. hollow, and so named in allusion to a gourd.] An instrument of gaming; a sort of dice. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Gordiacea

Gor`di*a"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gordian, 1.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of nematoid worms, including the hairworms or hair eels (Gordius and Mermis). See Gordius, and Illustration in Appendix.

Gordian

Gor"di*an (?), a.

1. Pertaining to Gordius, king of Phrygia, or to a knot tied by him; hence, intricate; complicated; inextricable. Gordian knot, an intricate knot tied by Gordius in the thong which connected the pole of the chariot with the yoke. An oracle having declared that he who should untie it should be master of Asia, Alexander the Great averted the ill omen of his inability to loosen it by cutting it with his sword. Hence, a Gordian knot is an inextricable difficulty; and to cut the Gordian knot is to remove a difficulty by bold and energetic measures.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Gordiacea.

Gordian

Gor"di*an, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Gordiacea.

Gordius

Gor"di*us (?), n. [NL. See Gordian, 1.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of long, slender, nematoid worms, parasitic in insects until near maturity, when they leave the insect, and live in water, in which they deposit their eggs; -- called also hair eel, hairworm, and hair snake, from the absurd, but common and widely diffused, notion that they are metamorphosed horsehairs.

Gore

Gore (?), n. [AS. gor dirt, dung; akin to Icel. gor, SW. gorr, OHG. gor, and perh. to E. cord, chord, and yarn; cf. Icel. g\'94rn, garnir, guts.]

1. Dirt; mud. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.

2. Blood; especially, blood that after effusion has become thick or clotted. Milton.

Gore

Gore, n. [OE. gore, gare, AS. g angular point of land, fr. g spear; akin to D. geer gore, G. gehre gore, ger spear, Icel. geiri gore, geir spear, and prob. to E. goad. Cf. Gar, n., Garlic, and Gore, v.]

1. A wedgeshaped or triangular piece of cloth, canvas, etc., sewed into a garment, sail, etc., to give greater width at a particular part.

2. A small traingular piece of land. Cowell.

3. (Her.) One of the abatements. It is made of two curved lines, meeting in an acute angle in the fesse point. &hand; It is usually on the sinister side, and of the tincture called tenn\'82. Like the other abatements it is a modern fancy and not actually used.

Gore

Gore, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Goring.] [OE. gar spear, AS. g. See 2d Gore.] To pierce or wound, as with a horn; to penetrate with a pointed instrument, as a spear; to stab.
The low stumps shall gore His daintly feet. Coleridge.

Gore

Gore, v. t. To cut in a traingular form; to piece with a gore; to provide with a gore; as, to gore an apron.

Gorebill

Gore"bill` (?), n. [2d gore + bill.] (Zo\'94l.) The garfish. [Prov. Eng.]

Gorfly

Gor"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gorflies (#). [Gore (AS. gor) dung + fly.] (Zo\'94l.) A dung fly.

Gorge

Gorge (?), n. [F. gorge, LL. gorgia, throat, narrow pass, and gorga abyss, whirlpool, prob. fr. L. gurgea whirlpool, gulf, abyss; cf. Skr. gargara whirlpool, g\'f0 to devour. Cf. Gorget.]

1. The throat; the gullet; the canal by which food passes to the stomach.

Wherewith he gripped her gorge with so great pain. Spenser.
Now, how abhorred! . . . my gorge rises at it. Shak.

2. A narrow passage or entrance; as: (a) A defile between mountains. (b) The entrance into a bastion or other outwork of a fort; -- usually synonymous with rear. See Illust. of Bastion.

3. That which is gorged or swallowed, especially by a hawk or other fowl.

And all the way, most like a brutish beast,< e spewed up his gorge, that all did him detest. Spenser.

4. A filling or choking of a passage or channel by an obstruction; as, an ice gorge in a river.

5. (Arch.) A concave molding; a cavetto. Gwilt.

6. (Naut.) The groove of a pulley. Gorge circle (Gearing), the outline of the smallest cross section of a hyperboloid of revolution. -- Gorge hook, two fishhooks, separated by a piece of lead. Knight.

Gorge

Gorge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gorged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gorging (?).] [F. gorger. See Gorge, n.]

1. To swallow; especially, to swallow with greediness, or in large mouthfuls or quantities.

The fish has gorged the hook. Johnson.

2. To glut; to fill up to the throat; to satiate.

The giant gorged with flesh. Addison.
Gorge with my blood thy barbarous appetite. Dryden.

Gorge

Gorge, v. i. To eat greedily and to satiety. Milton.

Gorged

Gorged (?), a.

1. Having a gorge or throat.

2. (Her.) Bearing a coronet or ring about the neck.

3. Glutted; fed to the full.

Gorgelet

Gor"ge*let (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small gorget, as of a humming bird.

Gorgeous

Gor"geous (?), a. [OF. gorgias beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious; cf. OF. gorgias ruff, neck handkerchief, and F. gorge throat, and se pengorger to assume airs. Cf. Gorge, n.] Imposing through splendid or various colors; showy; fine; magnificent.
Cloud-land, gorgeous land. Coleridge.
Gogeous as the sun at midsummer. Shak.
-- Gor"geous*ly, adv. -- Gor"geous*ness, n.

Gorgerin

Gor`ge*rin" (?), n. [F., fr. gorge neck.] (Arch.) In some columns, that part of the capital between the termination of the shaft and the annulet of the echinus, or the space between two neck moldings; -- called also neck of the capital, and hypotrachelium. See Illust. of Column.

Gorget

Gor"get (?), n. [OF. gorgete, dim. of gorge throat. See Gorge, n.]

1. A piece of armor, whether of chain mail or of plate, defending the throat and upper part of the breast, and forming a part of the double breastplate of the 14th century.

2. A piece of plate armor covering the same parts and worn over the buff coat in the 17th century, and without other steel armor.

Unfix the gorget's iron clasp. Sir W. Scott.

3. A small ornamental plate, usually crescent-shaped, and of gilded copper, formerly hung around the neck of officers in full uniform in some modern armies.

4. A ruff worn by women. [Obs.]

5. (Surg.) (a) A cutting instrument used in lithotomy. (b) A grooved instrunent used in performing various operations; -- called also blunt gorget. Dunglison.


Page 640

6. (Zo\'94l.) A crescent-shaped, colored patch on the neck of a bird or mammal. Gorget hummer (Zo\'94l.), a humming bird of the genus Trochilus. See Rubythroat.

Gorgon

Gor"gon (?), n. [L. Gorgo, -onis, Gr.

1. (Gr. Myth.) One of three fabled sisters, Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa, with snaky hair and of terrific aspect, the sight of whom turned the beholder to stone. The name is particularly given to Medusa.

2. Anything very ugly or horrid. Milton.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The brindled gnu. See Gnu.

Gorgon

Gor"gon, a. Like a Gorgon; very ugly or terrific; as, a Gorgon face. Dryden.

Gorgonacea

Gor`go*na"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) See Gorgoniacea.

Gorgonean

Gor*go"ne*an (?), a. See Gorgonian, 1.

Gorgoneion

Gor`go*ne"ion (?), n.; pl. Gorgoneia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Gorgo`neios, equiv. to Gorgei^os belonging to a Gorgon.] (Arch.) A mask carved in imitation of a Gorgon's head. Elmes.

Gorgonia

Gor*go"ni*a (?), n. [L., a coral which hardens in the air.] (Zo\'94l.)

1. A genus of Gorgoniacea, formerly very extensive, but now restricted to such species as the West Indian sea fan (Gorgonia flabellum), sea plume (G. setosa), and other allied species having a flexible, horny axis.

2. Any slender branched gorgonian.

Gorgoniacea

Gor*go`ni*a"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gorgonia.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the principal divisions of Alcyonaria, including those forms which have a firm and usually branched axis, covered with a porous crust, or c &hand; The axis is commonly horny, but it may be solid and stony (composed of calcium carbonate), as in the red coral of commerce, or it may be in alternating horny and stony joints, as in Isis. See Alcyonaria, Anthozoa, C.

Gorgonian

Gor*go"ni*an (?), a. [L. Gorgoneus.]

1. Pertaining to, or resembling, a Gorgon; terrifying into stone; terrific.

The rest his look Bound with Gorgonian rigor not to move. Milton.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Gorgoniacea; as, gorgonian coral.

Gorgonian

Gor*go"ni*an, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Gorgoniacea.

Gorgonize

Gor"gon*ize (?), v. t. To have the effect of a Gorgon upon; to turn into stone; to petrify. [R.]

Gorhen

Gor"hen` (?), n. [Gor- as in gorcock + hen.] (Zo\'94l.) The female of the gorcock.

Gorilla

Go*ril"la (?), n. [An African word; found in a Greek translation of a treatise in Punic by Hanno, a Carthaginian.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, arboreal, anthropoid ape of West Africa. It is larger than a man, and is remarkable for its massive skeleton and powerful muscles, which give it enormous strength. In some respects its anatomy, more than that of any other ape, except the chimpanzee, resembles that of man.

Goring, or Goring cloth

Gor"ing (?), or Gor"ing cloth` (
, n., (Naut.) A piece of canvas cut obliquely to widen a sail at the foot.

Gorm

Gorm (?), n. Axle grease. See Gome. [Prov. Eng.]

Gorm

Gorm, v. t. To daub, as the hands or clothing, with gorm; to daub with anything sticky. [Prov. Eng.]

Gorma

Gor"ma (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European cormorant.

Gormand

Gor"mand (?), n. [F. gourmand; cf. Prov. F. gourmer to sip, to lap, gourmacher to eat improperly, F. gourme mumps, glanders, Icel. gormr mud, mire, Prov. E. gorm to smear, daub; all perh. akin to E. gore blood, filth. Cf. Gourmand.] A greedy or ravenous eater; a luxurious feeder; a gourmand.

Gormand

Gor"mand, a. Gluttonous; voracious. Pope.

Gormander

Gor"mand*er (?), n. See Gormand, n. [Obs.]

Gormandism

Gor"mand*ism (?), n. Gluttony.

Gormandize

Gor"mand*ize (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Gormandized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gormandizing (?).] [F. gourmandise gluttony. See Gormand.] To eat greedily; to swallow voraciously; to feed ravenously or like a glutton. Shak.

Gormandizer

Gor"mand*i`zer (?), n. A greedy, voracious eater; a gormand; a glutton.

Goroon shell

Go*roon" shell` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A large, handsome, marine, univalve shell (Triton femorale).

Gorse

Gorse (?), n. [OE. & AS. gorst; perh. akin to E. grow, grass.] (Bot.) Furze. See Furze.
The common, overgrown with fern, and rough With prickly gorse. Cowper.
Gorse bird (Zo\'94l.), the European linnet; -- called also gorse hatcher. [Prov. Eng.] -- Gorse chat (Zo\'94l.), the winchat. -- Gorse duck, the corncrake; -- called also grass drake, land drake, and corn drake.

Gory

Gor"y (?), a. [From Gore.]

1. Covered with gore or clotted blood.

Thou canst not say I did it; never shake Thy gory locks at me. Shak.

2. Bloody; murderous. "Gory emulation." Shak.

Goshawk

Gos"hawk` (?), n. [AS. g, lit., goosehawk; or Icel. g\'beshaukr. See Goose, and Hawk the bird.] (Zo\'94l.) Any large hawk of the genus Astur, of which many species and varieties are known. The European (Astur palumbarius) and the American (A. atricapillus) are the best known species. They are noted for their powerful flight, activity, and courage. The Australian goshawk (A. Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91) is pure white.

Gosherd

Gos"herd (?), n. [OE. gosherde. See Goose, and Herd a herdsman.] One who takes care of geese.

Goslet

Gos"let (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of pygmy geese, of the genus Nettepus. They are about the size of a teal, and inhabit Africa, India, and Australia.

Gosling

Gos"ling (?), n. [AS. g goose + -ling.]

1. A young or unfledged goose.

2. A catkin on nut trees and pines. Bailey.

Gospel

Gos"pel (?), n. [OE. gospel, godspel, AS. godspell; god God + spell story, tale. See God, and Spell, v.]

1. Glad tidings; especially, the good news concerning Christ, the Kingdom of God, and salvation.

And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom. Matt. iv. 23.
The steadfast belief of the promises of the gospel. Bentley.
&hand; It is probable that gospel is from. OE. godspel, God story, the narrative concerning God; but it was early confused with god spell, good story, good tidings, and was so used by the translators of the Authorized version of Scripture. This use has been retained in most cases in the Revised Version.
Thus the literal sense [of gospel] is the "narrative of God," i. e., the life of Christ. Skeat.

2. One of the four narratives of the life and death of Jesus Christ, written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.

3. A selection from one of the gospels, for use in a religious service; as, the gospel for the day.

4. Any system of religious doctrine; sometimes, any system of political doctrine or social philosophy; as, this political gospel. Burke.

5. Anything propounded or accepted as infallibly true; as, they took his words for gospel. [Colloq.]

If any one thinks this expression hyperbolical, I shall only ask him to read , instead of taking the traditional witticisms about Lee for gospel. Saintsbury.

Gospel

Gos"pel, a. Accordant with, or relating to, the gospel; evangelical; as, gospel righteousness. Bp. Warburton.

Gospel

Gos"pel, v. t. To instruct in the gospel. [Obs.] Shak.

Gospeler

Gos"pel*er (?), n. [AS. godspellere.] [Written also gospeller.]

1. One of the four evangelists. Rom. of R.

Mark the gospeler was the ghostly son of Peter in baptism. Wyclif.

2. A follower of Wyclif, the first English religious reformer; hence, a Puritan. [Obs.] Latimer.

The persecution was carried on against the gospelers with much fierceness by those of the Roman persuasion. Strype.

3. A priest or deacon who reads the gospel at the altar during the communion service.

The Archbishop of York was the celebrant, the epistoler being the dean, and the gospeler the Bishop of Sydney. Pall Mall Gazette.

Gospelize

Gos"pel*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gospelized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gospelizing (?).] [Written also gospellize.]

1. To form according to the gospel; as, a command gospelized to us. Milton.

2. To instruct in the gospel; to evangelize; as, to gospelize the savages. Boyle.

Goss

Goss (?), n. [See Gorse.] Gorse. [Obs.] Shak.

Gossamer

Gos"sa*mer (?), n. [OE. gossomer, gossummer, gosesomer, perh. for goose summer, from its downy appearance, or perh. for God's summer, cf. G. mariengarr gossamer, properly Mary's yarn, in allusion to the Virgin Mary. Perhaps the E. word alluded to a legend that the gossamer was the remnant of the Virgin Mary's winding sheet, which dropped from her when she was taken up to heaven. For the use of summer in the sense of film or threads, cf. G. M\'84dchensommer, Altweibersommer, fliegender Sommer, all meaning, gossamer.]

1. A fine, filmy substance, like cobwebs, floating in the air, in calm, clear weather, especially in autumn. It is seen in stubble fields and on furze or low bushes, and is formed by small spiders.

2. Any very thin gauzelike fabric; also, a thin waterproof stuff.

3. An outer garment, made of waterproof gossamer. Gossamer spider (Zo\'94l.), any small or young spider which spins webs by which to sail in the air. See Ballooning spider.

Gossamery

Gos"sa*mer*y (?), a. Like gossamer; flimsy.
The greatest master of gossamery affectation. De Quincey.

Gossan

Gos"san (?), n. (Geol.) Decomposed rock, usually reddish or ferruginous (owing to oxidized pyrites), forming the upper part of a metallic vein.

Gossaniferous

Gos`san*if"er*ous (?), a. [Gossan + -ferous.] Containing or producing gossan.

Gossat

Gos"sat (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small British marine fish (Motella tricirrata); -- called also whistler and three-bearded rockling. [Prov. Eng.]

Gossib

Gos"sib (?), n. A gossip. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Gossip

Gos"sip (?), n. [OE. gossib, godsib, a relation or sponsor in baptism, a relation by a religious obligation, AS. godsibb, fr. god + sib alliance, relation; akin to G. sippe, Goth. sibja, and also to Skr. sabh\'be assembly.]

1. A sponsor; a godfather or a godmother.

Should a great lady that was invited to be a gossip, in her place send her kitchen maid, 't would be ill taken. Selden.

2. A friend or comrade; a companion; a familiar and customary acquaintance. [Obs.]

My noble gossips, ye have been too prodigal. Shak.

3. One who runs house to house, tattling and telling news; an idle tattler.

The common chat of gossips when they meet. Dryden.

4. The tattle of a gossip; groundless rumor.

Bubbles o'er like a city with gossip, scandal, and spite. Tennyson.

Gossip

Gos"sip, v. t. To stand sponsor to. [Obs.] Shak.

Gossip

Gos"sip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gossiped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gossiping.]

1. To make merry. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To prate; to chat; to talk much. Shak.

3. To run about and tattle; to tell idle tales.

Gossiper

Gos"sip*er (?), n. One given to gossip. Beaconsfield.

Gossiprede

Gos"sip*rede (?), n. [Cf. Kindred.] The relationship between a person and his sponsors. [Obs.]

Gossipry

Gos"sip*ry (?), n.

1. Spiritual relationship or affinity; gossiprede; special intimacy. Bale.

2. Idle talk; gossip. Mrs. Browning.

Gossipy

Gos"sip*y (?), a. Full of, or given to, gossip.

Gossoon

Gos*soon" (?), n. [Scot. garson an attendant, fr. F. gar\'87on, OF. gars.] A boy; a servant. [Ireland]

Gossypium

Gos*syp"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. gossypion, gossipion.] (Bot.) A genus of plants which yield the cotton of the arts. The species are much confused. G. herbaceum is the name given to the common cotton plant, while the long-stapled sea-island cotton is produced by G. Barbadense, a shrubby variety. There are several other kinds besides these.

Got

Got (?), imp. & p. p. of Get. See Get.

Gote

Gote (?), n. [Cf. LG. gote, gaute, canal, G. gosse; akin to giessen to pour, shed, AS. ge\'a2tan, and E. fuse to melt.] A channel for water. [Prov. Eng.] Crose.

Goter

Go"ter (?), n. a gutter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Goth

Goth (?), n. [L. Gothi, pl.; cf. Gr.

1. (Ethnol.) One of an ancient Teutonic race, who dwelt between the Elbe and the Vistula in the early part of the Christian era, and who overran and took an important part in subverting the Roman empire. &hand; Under the reign of Valens, they took possession of Dacia (the modern Transylvania and the adjoining regions), and came to be known as Ostrogoths and Visigoths, or East and West Goths; the former inhabiting countries on the Black Sea up to the Danube, and the latter on this river generally. Some of them took possession of the province of Moesia, and hence were called Moesogoths. Others, who made their way to Scandinavia, at a time unknown to history, are sometimes styled Suiogoths.

2. One who is rude or uncivilized; a barbarian; a rude, ignorant person. Chesterfield.

Gothamist

Go"tham*ist (?), n. A wiseacre; a person deficient in wisdom; -- so called from Gotham, in Nottinghamshire, England, noted for some pleasant blunders. Bp. Morton.

Gothamite

Go"tham*ite (?), n.

1. A gothamist.

2. An inhabitant of New York city. [Jocular] Irving.

Gothic

Goth"ic (?), a. [L. Gothicus: cf. F. gothique.]

1. Pertaining to the Goths; as, Gothic customs; also, rude; barbarous.

2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to a style of architecture with pointed arches, steep roofs, windows large in proportion to the wall spaces, and, generally, great height in proportion to the other dimensions -- prevalent in Western Europe from about 1200 to 1475 a. d. See Illust. of Abacus, and Capital.

Gothic

Goth"ic, n.

1. The language of the Goths; especially, the language of that part of the Visigoths who settled in Moesia in the 4th century. See Goth. &hand; Bishop Ulfilas or Walfila translated most of the Bible into Gothic about the Middle of the 4th century. The portion of this translaton which is preserved is the oldest known literary document in any Teutonic language.

2. A kind of square-cut type, with no hair lines. &hand; This is Nonpareil GOTHIC.

3. (Arch.) The style described in Gothic, a., 2.

Gothicism

Goth"i*cism (?), n.

1. A Gothic idiom.

2. Conformity to the Gothic style of architecture.

3. Rudeness of manners; barbarousness.

Gothicize

Goth"i*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gothicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gothicizing (?).] To make Gothic; to bring back to barbarism.

G\'94thite, or Goethite

G\'94"thite, or Goe"thite (
, n. [After the poet G\'94the.] (Min.) A hydrous oxide of iron, occurring in prismatic crystals, also massive, with a fibrous, reniform, or stalactitic structure. The color varies from yellowish to blackish brown.

Gotten

Got"ten (?), p. p. of Get.

Gouache

Gouache (?), n. [F., It. guazzo.] A method of painting with opaque colors, which have been ground in water and mingled with a preparation of gum; also, a picture thus painted.

Goud

Goud (?), n. [Cf. OF. gaide, F. gu\'8ade, fr. OHG. weit; or cf. F. gaude weld. Cf. Woad.] Woad. [Obs.]

Goudron

Gou`dron" (?), n. [F., tar.] (Mil.) a small fascine or fagot, steeped in wax, pitch, and glue, used in various ways, as for igniting buildings or works, or to light ditches and ramparts. Farrow.

Gouge

Gouge (?), n. [F. gouge. LL. gubia, guvia, gulbia, gulvia, gulvium; cf. Bisc. gubia bow, gubioa throat.]

1. A chisel, with a hollow or semicylindrical blade, for scooping or cutting holes, channels, or grooves, in wood, stone, etc.; a similar instrument, with curved edge, for turning wood.

2. A bookbinder's tool for blind tooling or gilding, having a face which forms a curve.


Page 641

3. An incising tool which cuts forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes, etc.. from leather, paper, etc. Knight.

4. (Mining) Soft material lying between the wall of a vein aud the solid vein. Raymond.

5. The act of scooping out with a gouge, or as with a gouge; a groove or cavity scooped out, as with a gouge.

6. Imposition; cheat; fraud; also, an impostor; a cheat; a trickish person. [Slang, U. S.] Gouge bit, a boring bit, shaped like a gouge.

Bouge

Bouge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gouged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gouging (?).]

1. To scoop out with a gouge.

2. To scoop out, as an eye, with the thumb nail; to force out the eye of (a person) with the thumb. [K S.] &hand; A barbarity mentioned by some travelers as formerly practiced in the brutal frays of desperadoes in some parts of the United States.

3. To cheat in a bargain; to chouse. [Slang, U. S.]

Gouger

Gou"ger (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Plum Gouger.

Gougeshell

Gouge"shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sharp-edged, tubular, marine shell, of the genus Vermetus; also, the pinna. See Vermetus.

Goujere

Gou"jere (?), n. [F. gouge prostitute, a camp trull. Cf. Good-year.] The venereal disease. [Obs.]

Gouland

Gou"land (?), n. See Golding.

Goulards extract

Gou*lard"s" ex"tract" (?). [Named after the introducer, Thomas Goulard, a French surgeon.] (Med.) An aqueous solution of the subacetate of lead, used as a lotion in cases of inflammation. Goulard's cerate is a cerate containing this extract.

Gour

Gour (?), n. [See Giaour.]

1. A fire worshiper; a Gheber or Gueber. Tylor.

2. (Zo\'94l.) See Koulan.

Goura

Gou"ra (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of large, crested ground pigeons of the genus Goura, inhabiting New Guinea and adjacent islands. The Queen Victoria pigeon (Goura Victoria) and the crowned pigeon (G. coronata) are among the beat known species.

Gourami

Gou"ra*mi (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A very largo East Indian freshwater fish (Osphromenus gorami), extensively reared in artificial ponds in tropical countries, and highly valued as a food fish. Many unsuccessful efforts have been made to introduce it into Southern Europe. [Written also goramy.]

Gourd

Gourd (?), n. [F. gourde, OF. cougourde, gouhourde, fr. L. cucurbita gourd (cf. NPr. cougourdo); perh. akin to corbin basket, E. corb. Cf. Cucurbite.]

1. (Bot.) A fleshy, three-celled, many-seeded fruit, as the melon, pumpkin, cucumber, etc., of the order Cucurbitace\'91; and especially the bottle gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) which occurs in a great variety of forms, and, when the interior part is removed, serves for bottles, dippers, cups, and other dishes.

2. A dipper or other vessel made from the shell of a gourd; hence, a drinking vessel; a bottle. Chaucer. Bitter gourd, colocynth.

Gourd

Gourd, n. A false die. See Gord.

Gourd, Gourde

Gourd, Gourde n. [Sp. gordo large.] A silver dollar; -- so called in Cuba, Hayti, etc. Simmonds.

Gourdiness

Gourd"i*ness (?), n. [From Gourdy.] (Far.) The state of being gourdy.

Gourd tree

Gourd" tree" (?). (Bot.) A tree (the Crescentia Cujete, or calabash tree) of the West Indies and Central America.

Gourdworm

Gourd"worm" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The fluke of sheep. See Fluke.

Gourdy

Gourd"y (?), a. [Either fr. gourd, or fr. F. gourd benumbed.] (Far.) Swelled in the legs.

Gourmand

Gour"mand (?), n. [F.] A greedy or ravenous eater; a glutton. See Gormand.
That great gourmand, fat Apicius B. Jonson.

Gourmet

Gour"met" (?), n. [F.] A connoisseur in eating and drinking; an epicure.

Gournet

Gour"net (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fish. See Gurnet.

Gout

Gout (?), n. [F. goutte a drop, the gout, the disease being considered as a defluxion, fr. L. gutta drop.]

1. A drop; a clot or coagulation.

On thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood. Shak.

2. (Med.) A constitutional disease, occurring by paroxysms. It constists in an inflammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts of the joints, and almost always attacks first the great toe, next the smaller joints, after which, it may attack the greater articulations. It is attended with various sympathettic phenomena, particularly in the digestive organs. It may also attack internal organs, as the stomach, the intestines, etc. Dunglison.

3. A disease of cornstalks. See Corn fly, under Corn. Cout stones. See Chalkstone, n., 2.

Co\'96t

Co\'96t (?), n. [F., fr. L. gustus taste. See Gusto.] Taste; relish.

Goutily

Gout"i*ly (?), adv. In a gouty manner.

Goutiness

Gout"i*ness, n. The state of being gouty; gout.

Goutweed Gout"weed` (, Gout"wort` (?) n. [So called from having been formerly used in assuaging the pain of the gout.] (Bot.) A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (\'92gopodium Podagraria); -- called also bishop's weed, ashweed, and herb gerard.

Gouty

Gout"y (?), a.

1. Diseased with, or subject to, the gout; as, a gouty person; a gouty joint.

2. Pertaining to the gout. "Gouty matter." Blackmore.

3. Swollen, as if from gout. Derham.

4. Boggy; as, gouty land. [Obs.] Spenser. Gouty bronchitis, bronchitis arising as a secondary disease during the progress of gout. -- Gouty concretions, calculi (urate of sodium) formed in the joints, kidneys, etc., of sufferers from gout. -- Gouty kidney, an affection occurring during the progress of gout, the kidney shriveling and containing concretions of urate of sodium.

Gove

Gove (?), n. [Also goaf, goof, goff.] A mow; a rick for hay. [Obs.] Tusser.

Govern

Gov"ern (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Governed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Governing.] [OF. governer, F. gouverner, fr. L. gubernare to steer, pilot, govern, Gr. Gubernatorial.]

1. To direct and control, as the actions or conduct of men, either by established laws or by arbitrary will; to regulate by authority. "Fit to govern and rule multitudes." Shak.

2. To regulate; to influence; to direct; to restrain; to manage; as, to govern the life; to govern a horse.

Govern well thy appetite. Milton.

3. (Gram.) To require to be in a particular case; as, a transitive verb governs a noun in the objective case; or to require (a particular case); as, a transitive verb governs the objective case.

Govern

Gov"ern, v. i. To exercise authority; to administer the laws; to have the control. Dryden.

Governability

Gov"ern*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Governableness.

Governable

Gov"ern*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. gouvernable.] Capable of being governed, or subjected to authority; controllable; manageable; obedient. Locke.

Governableness

Gov"ern*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being governable; manageableness.

Governal, Governail

Gov"ern*al (?), Gov"ern*ail (
, n. [Cf. F. gouvernail helm, rudder, L. gubernaculum.] Management; mastery. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Governance

Gov"ern*ance (?), n. [F. gouvernance.] Exercise of authority; control; government; arrangement. Chaucer. J. H. Newman.

Governante

Gov"ern*ante" (?), n. [F. gouvernante. See Govern.] A governess. Sir W. Scott.

Governess

Gov"ern*ess (?), n. [Cf. OF. governeresse. See Governor.] A female governor; a woman invested with authority to control and direct; especially, one intrusted with the care and instruction of children, -- usually in their homes.

Governing

Gov"ern*ing, a.

1. Holding the superiority; prevalent; controlling; as, a governing wind; a governing party in a state. Jay.

2. (Gram.) Requiring a particular case.

Government

Gov"ern*ment (?), n. [F. gouvernement. See Govern.]

1. The act of governing; the exercise of authority; the administration of laws; control; direction; regulation; as, civil, church, or family government.

2. The mode of governing; the system of polity in a state; the established form of law.

That free government which we have so dearly purchased, free commonwealth. Milton.

3. The right or power of governing; authority.

I here resign my goverment to thee. Shak.

4. The person or persons authorized to administer the laws; the ruling powe; the administratian.

When we, in England, speak of the government, we generally understand the ministers of the crown for the time being. Mozley & W.

5. The body politic governed by one authority; a state; as, the governments of Europe.

6. Management of the limbs or body. Shak.

7. (Gram.) The influence of a word in regard to construction, requiring that another word should be in a particular case.

Governmental

Gov"ern*men"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. gouveernemental.] Pertaining to government; made by government; as, governmental duties.

Governor

Gov"ern*or (?), n. [OE. governor, governour, OF. governeor, F. gouverneur, fr. L. gubernator steersman, ruler, governor. See Govern.]

1. One who governs; especially, one who is invested with the supreme executive authority in a State; a chief ruler or magistrate; as, the governor of Pennsylvania. "The governor of the town." Shak.

2. One who has the care or guardianship of a young man; a tutor; a guardian.

3. (Naut.) A pilot; a steersman. [R.]

4. (Mach.) A contrivance applied to steam engines, water wheels, and other machinery, to maintain nearly uniform speed when the resistances and motive force are variable. &hand; The illustration shows a form of governor commonly used for steam engines, in wich a heavy sleeve (a) sliding on a rapidly revolving spindle (b), driven by the engine, is raised or lowered, when the speed varies, by the changing centrifugal force of two balls (c c) to which it is connected by links (d d), the balls being attached to arms (e e) which are jointed to the top of the spindle. The sleeve is connected with the throttle valve or cut-off through a lever (f), and its motion produces a greater supply of steam when the engine runs too slowly and a less supply when too fast. Governor cut-off (Steam Engine), a variable cut-off gear in which the governor acts in such a way as to cause the steam to be cut off from entering the cylinder at points of the stroke dependent upon the engine's speed. -- Hydraulic governor (Mach.), a governor which is operated by the action of a liquid in flowing; a cataract.

Governor general

Gov"ern*or gen"er*al (?). A governor who has lieutenant or deputy governors under him; as, the governor general of Canada, of India.

Governorship

Gov"ern*or*ship, n. The office of a governor.

Gowan

Gow"an (?), n. [Scot., fr. Gael. gugan bud, flower, daisy.]

1. The daisy, or mountain daisy. [Scot.]

And pu'd the gowans fine. Burns.

2. (Min.) Decomposed granite.

Gowany

Gow"an*y (?), a. Having, abounding in, or decked with, daisies. [Scot.]
Sweeter than gowany glens or new-mown hay. Ramsay.

Gowd

Gowd (?), n. [Cf. Gold.] Gold; wealth. [Scot.]
The man's the gowd for a' that. Burns.

Gowden

Gowd"en (?), a. Golden. [Scot.]

Gowdie

Gow"die (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Dragont. [Scot.]

Gowdnook

Gowd"nook" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The saury pike; -- called also gofnick.

Gowk

Gowk (?), v. t. [See Gawk.] To make a, booby of one); to stupefy. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Gowk

Gowk, n. [See Gawk.] (Zo\'94l.)

1. The European cuckoo; -- called also gawky.

2. A simpleton; a gawk or gawky.

Gowl

Gowl (?), v. i. [OE. gaulen, goulen. Cf. Yawl, v. i.] To howl. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Gown

Gown (?), n. [OE. goune, prob. from W. gwn gown, loose robe, akin to Ir. gunn, Gael. g\'97n; cf. OF. gone, prob. of the same origin.]

1. A loose, flowing upper garment; especially: (a) The ordinary outer dress of a woman; as, a calico or silk gown. (b) The official robe of certain professional men and scholars, as university students and officers, barristers, judges, etc.; hence, the dress of peace; the dress of civil officers, in distinction from military.

He Mars deposed, and arms to gowns made yield. Dryden.
(c) A loose wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors; a dressing gown.

2. Any sort of dress or garb.

He comes . . . in the gown of humility. Shak.

Gowned

Gowned (?), p. a. Dressed in a gown; clad.
Gowned in pure white, that fitted to the shape. Tennyson.

Gownsman, Gownman

Gowns"man (?), Gown"man (
, n.; pl. -men (-men). One whose professional habit is a gown, as a divine or lawyer, and particularly a member of an English university; hence, a civilian, in distinction from a soldier.

Gozzard

Goz"zard (?), n. See Gosherd. [Prov. Eng.]

Graafian

Graaf"i*an (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or discovered by, Regnier de Graaf, a Dutch physician. Graafian follicles or vesicles, small cavities in which the ova are developed in the ovaries of mammals, and by the bursting of which they are discharged.

Graal

Graal (?), n. See Grail., a dish.

Grab

Grab (?), n. [Ar. & Hind. ghur crow, raven, a kind of Arab ship.] (Naut.) A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three masts.

Grab

Grab (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grabbing.] [Akin to Sw. grabba to grasp. Cf. Grabble, Grapple, Grasp.] To gripe suddenly; to seize; to snatch; to clutch.

Grab

Grab, n.

1. A sudden grasp or seizure.

2. An instrument for clutching objects for the purpose of raising them; -- specially applied to devices for withdrawing drills, etc., from artesian and other wells that are drilled, bored, or driven. Grab hag, at fairs, a bag or box holding small articles which are to be drawn, without being seen, on payment of a small sum. [Colloq.] -- Grab game, a theft committed by grabbing or snatching a purse or other piece of property. [Colloq.]

Grabber

Grab"ber (?), n. One who seizes or grabs.

Grabble

Grab"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grabbling (.] [Freq. of grab; cf. D. grabbelen.]

1. To grope; to feel with the hands.

He puts his hands into his pockets, and keeps a grabbling and fumbling. Selden.

2. To lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl on the ground; to grovel. Ainsworth.

Grace

Grace (?), n. [F. gr\'83ce, L. gratia, from gratus beloved, dear, agreeable; perh. akin to Gr. hary to desire, and E. yearn. Cf. Grateful, Gratis.]

1. The exercise of love, kindness, mercy, favor; disposition to benefit or serve another; favor bestowed or privilege conferred.

To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee. Milton.

2. (Theol.) The divine favor toward man; the mercy of God, as distinguished from His justice; also, any benefits His mercy imparts; divine love or pardon; a state of acceptance with God; enjoyment of the divine favor.

And if by grace, then is it no more of works. Rom. xi. 6.
My grace is sufficicnt for thee. 2 Cor. xii. 9.
Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound. Rom. v. 20.
By whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand. Rom. v.2

3. (Law) (a) The prerogative of mercy execised by the executive, as pardon. (b) The same prerogative when exercised in the form of equitable relief through chancery.

4. Fortune; luck; -- used commonly with hard or sorry when it means misfortune. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. Inherent excellence; any endowment or characteristic fitted to win favor or confer pleasure or benefit.

He is complete in feature and in mind. With all good grace to grace a gentleman. Shak.
I have formerly given the general character of Mr. Addison's style and manner as natural and unaffected, easy and polite, and full of those graces which a flowery imagination diffuses over writing. Blair.

Page 642

6. Beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; loveliness; commonly, easy elegance of manners; perfection of form.

Grace in women gains the affections sooner, and secures them longer, than any thing else. Hazlitt.
I shall answer and thank you again For the gift and the grace of the gift. Longfellow.

7. pl. (Myth.) Graceful and beautiful females, sister goddesses, represented by ancient writers as the attendants sometimes of Apollo but oftener of Venus. They were commonly mentioned as three in number; namely, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, and were regarded as the inspirers of the qualities which give attractiveness to wisdom, love, and social intercourse.

The Graces love to weave the rose. Moore.
The Loves delighted, and the Graces played. Prior.

8. The title of a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop, and formerly of the king of England.

How fares your Grace ! Shak.

9. (Commonly pl.) Thanks. [Obs.]

Yielding graces and thankings to their lord Melibeus. Chaucer.

10. A petition for grace; a blessing asked, or thanks rendered, before or after a meal.

11. pl. (Mus.) Ornamental notes or short passages, either introduced by the performer, or indicated by the composer, in which case the notation signs are called grace notes, appeggiaturas, turns, etc.

12. (Eng. Universities) An act, vote, or decree of the government of the institution; a degree or privilege conferred by such vote or decree. Walton.

13. pl. A play designed to promote or display grace of motion. It consists in throwing a small hoop from one player to another, by means of two sticks in the hands of each. Called also grace hoop or hoops. Act of grace. See under Act. -- Day of grace (Theol.), the time of probation, when the offer of divine forgiveness is made and may be accepted.

That day of grace fleets fast away. I. Watts.
-- Days of grace (Com.), the days immediately following the day when a bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the debtor or payer to make payment in. In Great Britain and the United States, the days of grace are three, but in some countries more, the usages of merchants being different. -- Good graces, favor; friendship. -- Grace cup. (a) A cup or vessel in which a health is drunk after grace. (b) A health drunk after grace has been said.
The grace cup follows to his sovereign's health. Hing.
-- Grace drink, a drink taken on rising from the table; a grace cup.
To [Queen Margaret, of Scotland] . . . we owe the custom of the grace drink, she having established it as a rule at her table, that whosoever staid till grace was said was rewarded with a bumper. Encyc. Brit.
-- Grace hoop, a hoop used in playing graces. See Grace, n., 13. -- Grace note (Mus.), an appoggiatura. See Appoggiatura, and def. 11 above. -- Grace stroke, a finishing stoke or touch; a coup de grace. -- Means of grace, means of securing knowledge of God, or favor with God, as the preaching of the gospel, etc. -- To do grace, to reflect credit upon.
Content to do the profession some grace. Shak.
-- To say grace, to render thanks before or after a meal. -- With a good grace, in a fit and proper manner grace fully; graciously. -- With a bad grace, in a forced, reluctant, or perfunctory manner; ungraciously.
What might have been done with a good grace would at least be done with a bad grace. Macaulay.
Syn. -- Elegance; comeliness; charm; favor; kindness; mercy. -- Grace, Mercy. These words, though often interchanged, have each a distinctive and peculiar meaning. Grace, in the strict sense of the term, is spontaneous favor to the guilty or undeserving; mercy is kindness or compassion to the suffering or condemned. It was the grace of God that opened a way for the exercise of mercy toward men. See Elegance.

Grace

Grace (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gracing (?).]

1. To adorn; to decorate; to embellish and dignify.

Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line. Pope.
We are graced with wreaths of victory. Shak.

2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to honor.

He might, at his pleasure, grace or disgrace whom he would in court. Knolles.

3. To supply with heavenly grace. Bp. Hall.

4. (Mus.) To add grace notes, cadenzas, etc., to.

Graced

Graced (?), a. Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable. Shak.

Graceful

Grace"ful (?), a. Displaying grace or beauty in form or action; elegant; easy; agreeable in appearance; as, a graceful walk, deportment, speaker, air, act, speech.
High o'er the rest in arms the graceful Turnus rode. Dryden.
-- Grace"ful*ly
, adv. Grace"ful*ness, n.

Graceless

Grace"less, a.

1. Wanting in grace or excellence; departed from, or deprived of, divine grace; hence, depraved; corrupt. "In a graceless age." Milton.

2. Unfortunate. Cf. Grace, n., 4. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Grace"less*ly, adv. -- Grace"less-ness, n.

Gracile, Gracillent

Grac"ile (?), Grac"il*lent (?) a. [L. gracilis, gracilentus.] Slender; thin. [Obs.] Bailey.

Gracility

Gra*cil"i*ty (?), n. [L. gracilitas; cf. F. gracilit\'82.] State of being gracilent; slenderness. Milman. "Youthful gracility." W. D. Howells.

Gracious

Gra"cious (?), a. [F. gracieux, L. gratiosus. See Grace.]

1. Abounding in grace or mercy; manifesting love,. or bestowing mercy; characterized by grace; beneficent; merciful; disposed to show kindness or favor; condescending; as, his most gracious majesty.

A god ready to pardon, gracious and merciful. Neh. ix. 17.
So hallowed and so gracious in the time. Shak.

2. Abounding in beauty, loveliness, or amiability; graceful; excellent.

Since the birth of Cain, the first male child, . . . There was not such a gracious creature born. Shak.

3. Produced by divine grace; influenced or controlled by the divine influence; as, gracious affections. Syn. -- Favorable; kind; benevolent; friendly; beneficent; benignant; merciful.

Graciously

Gra"cious*ly (?), adv.

1. In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly. Dryden.

2. Fortunately; luckily. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Graciousness

Gra"cious*ness, n. Quality of being gracious.

Grackle

Grac"kle (?), n. [Cf. L. graculus jackdaw.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of several American blackbirds, of the family Icterid\'91; as, the rusty grackle (Scolecophagus Carolinus); the boat-tailed grackle (see Boat-tail); the purple grackle (Quiscalus quiscula, or Q. versicolor). See Crow blackbird, under Crow. (b) An Asiatic bird of the genus Gracula. See Myna.

Gradate

Gra"date (?), v. t. [See Grade.]

1. To grade or arrange (parts in a whole, colors in painting, etc.), so that they shall harmonize.

2. (Chem.) To bring to a certain strength or grade of concentration; as, to gradate a saline solution.

Gradation

Gra*da"tion (?), n., [L. gradatio: cf. F. gradation. See Grade.]

1. The act of progressing by regular steps or orderly arrangement; the state of being graded or arranged in ranks; as, the gradation of castes.

2. The act or process of bringing to a certain grade.

3. Any degree or relative position in an order or series.

The several gradations of the intelligent universe. I. Taylor.

4. (Fine Arts) A gradual passing from one tint to another or from a darker to a lighter shade, as in painting or drawing.

6. (Mus.) A diatonic ascending or descending succession of chords.

Gradation

Gra*da"tion, v. t. To form with gradations. [R.]

Gradational

Gra*da"tion*al (?), a. By regular steps or gradations; of or pertaining to gradation.

Gradatory

Grad"a*to*ry (?), a. [See Grade.]

1. Proceeding step by step, or by gradations; gradual.

Could we have seen [Macbeth's] crimes darkening on their progress . . . could this gradatory apostasy have been shown us. A. Seward.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Suitable for walking; -- said of the limbs of an animal when adapted for walking on land.

Gradatory

Grad"a*to*ry, n. [Cf. LL. gradatarium.] (Arch.) A series of steps from a cloister into a church.

Grade

Grade (?), n. [F. grade, L. gradus step, pace, grade, from gradi to step, go. Cf. Congress, Degree, Gradus.]

1. A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing; as, grades of military rank; crimes of every grade; grades of flour.

They also appointed and removed, at their own pleasure, teachers of every grade. Buckle.

2. In a railroad or highway: (a) The rate of ascent or descent; gradient; deviation from a level surface to an inclined plane; -- usually stated as so many feet per mile, or as one foot rise or fall in so many of horizontal distance; as, a heavy grade; a grade of twenty feet per mile, or of 1 in 264. (b) A graded ascending, descending, or level portion of a road; a gradient.

3. (Stock Breeding) The result of crossing a native stock with some better breed. If the crossbreed have more than three fourths of the better blood, it is called high grade. At grade, on the same level; -- said of the crossing of a railroad with another railroad or a highway, when they are on the same level at the point of crossing. -- Down grade, a descent, as on a graded railroad. -- Up grade, an ascent, as on a graded railroad. -- Equating for grades. See under Equate. -- Grade crossing, a crossing at grade.

Grade

Grade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grading.]

1. To arrange in order, steps, or degrees, according to size, quality, rank, etc.

2. To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive ascent, as the line of a canal or road.

3. (Stock Breeding) To cross with some better breed; to improve the blood of.

Gradely

Grade"ly, a. [Cf. AS. grad grade, step, order, fr. L. gradus. See Grade.] Decent; orderly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- adv. Decently; in order. [Prov. Eng.]

Grader

Grad"er (?), n. One who grades, or that by means of which grading is done or facilitate. <-- 2. A vehicle used for levelling earth, esp. one with a plow blade suspended from the center, used specifically for grading roads. -->

Gradient

Gra"di*ent (?), a. [L. gradiens, p. pr. of gradi to step, to go. See Grade.]

1. Moving by steps; walking; as, gradient automata. Wilkins.

2. Rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination; as, the gradient line of a railroad.

3. Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain birsds.

Gradient

Gra"di*ent, n.

1. The rate of regular or graded ascent or descent in a road; grade.

2. A part of a road which slopes upward or downward; a portion of a way not level; a grade.

3. The rate of increase or decrease of a variable magnitude, or the curve which represents it; as, a thermometric gradient. Gradient post, a post or stake indicating by its height or by marks on it the grade of a railroad, highway, or embankment, etc., at that spot.

Gradin, Gradine

Gra"din (?), Gra*dine" (?), n. [F. gradin, dim. of grade. See Grade.] (Arch.) Any member like a step, as the raised back of an altar or the like; a set raised over another. "The gradines of the amphitheeater." Layard.

Gradine

Gra*dine" (?), n. [F. gradine.] A toothed chised by sculptors.

Grading

Grad"ing (?), n. The act or method of arranging in or by grade, or of bringing, as the surface of land or a road, to the desired level or grade.

Gradino

Gra*di"no (?), n.; pl. Gradinos (#). [It.] (Arch.) A step or raised shelf, as above a sideboard or altar. Cf. Superaltar, and Gradin.

Gradual

Grad"u*al" (?); a. [Cf; F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Gradual, n.] Proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing, step by step, as in ascent or descent or from one state to another; regularly progressive; slow; as, a gradual increase of knowledge; a gradual decline.
Creatures animate with gradual life Of growth, sense, reason, all summed up in man. Milton.

Gradual

Grad"u*al, n. [LL. graduale a gradual (in sense 1), fr. L. gradus step: cf. F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Grail a gradual.]

1. (R. C. Ch.) (a) An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the Mass, which was sung on the steps, or while the deacon ascended the steps. (b) A service book containing the musical portions of the Mass.

2. A series of steps. [Obs.] Dryden.

Graduality

Grad"u*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being gradual; gradualness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Gradually

Grad"u*al*ly (?), adv.

1. In a gradual manner.

2. In degree. [Obs.]

Human reason doth not only gradually, but specifically, differ from the fantastic reason of brutes. Grew.

Gradualness

Grad"u*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being gradual; regular progression or gradation; slowness.
The gradualness of this movement. M. Arnold.
The gradualness of growth is a characteristic which strikes the simplest observer. H. Drummond.

Graduate

Grad"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graduated (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Graduating (.] [Cf. F. graduer. See Graduate, n., Grade.]

1. To mark with degrees; to divide into regular steps, grades, or intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a scheme of punishment or rewards, etc.

2. To admit or elevate to a certain grade or degree; esp., in a college or university, to admit, at the close of the course, to an honorable standing defined by a diploma; as, he was graduated at Yale College.

3. To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or modify by degrees or to a certain degree; to determine the degrees of; as, to graduate the heat of an oven.

Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts. Browne.

4. (Chem.) To bring to a certain degree of consistency, by evaporation, as a fluid. Graduating engine, a dividing engine. See Dividing engine, under Dividing.

Graduate

Grad"u*ate, v. i.

1. To pass by degrees; to change gradually; to shade off; as, sandstone which graduates into gneiss; carnelian sometimes graduates into quartz.

2. (Zo\'94l.) To taper, as the tail of certain birds.

3. To take a degree in a college or university; to become a graduate; to receive a diploma.

He graduated at Oxford. Latham.
He was brought to their bar and asked where he had graduated. Macaulay.

Graduate

Grad"u*ate (?), n. [LL. graduatus, p. p. of graduare to admit to a degree, fr. L. gradus grade. See Grade, n.]

1. One who has received an academical or professional degree; one who has completed the prescribed course of study in any school or institution of learning.

2. A graduated cup, tube, or flask; a measuring glass used by apothecaries and chemists. See under Graduated.

Graduate

Grad"u*ate, a. [See Graduate, n. & v.] Arrangei by successive steps or degrees; graduated.
Beginning with the genus, passing through all the graduate and subordinate stages. Tatham.

Graduated

Grad"u*a"ted (?), a.

1. Marked with, or divided into, degrees; divided into grades.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Tapered; -- said of a bird's tail when the outer feathers are shortest, and the others successively longer. Graduated tube, bottle, cap, ∨ glass, a vessel, usually of glass, having horizontal marks upon its sides, with figures, to indicate the amount of the contents at the several levels. -- Graduated spring (Railroads), a combination of metallic and rubber springs.

Graduateship

Grad"u*ate*ship, n. State of being a graduate. Milton.

Graduation

Grad"u*a"tion (?), n. [LL. graduatio promotion to a degree: cf. F. graduation division into degrees.]

1. The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; as, graduation of a scale; graduation at a college; graduation in color; graduation by evaporation; the graduation of a bird's tail, etc.

2. The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate degrees or quantity; a scale.

3. The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so as to hasten its evaporation.

Graduator

Grad"u*a"tor (?), n.

1. One who determines or indicates graduation; as, a graduator of instruments.

2. An instrument for dividing any line, right or curve, into small, regular intervals.

3. An apparatus for diffusing a solution, as brine or vinegar, over a large surface, for exposure to the air.

Gradus

Gra"dus (?), n. [From L. gradus ad Parnassum a step to Parnassus.] A dictionary of prosody, designed as an aid in writing Greek or Latin poetry.
He set to work . . . without gradus or other help. T. Hughes.

Graf

Graf (?), n. [G. Cf. -grave.] A German title of nobility, equivalent to earl in English, or count in French. See Earl.

Graff

Graff (?), n. [OE. grafe, greife, greive. Cf. Margrave.] A steward; an overseer.
[A prince] is nothing but a servant, overseer, or graff, and not the head, which is a title belonging only to Christ. John Knox.

Graff

Graff n. & v. See Graft.

Graffage

Graff"age (?), n. [Cf. Grave, n.] The scarp of a ditch or moat. "To clean the graffages." Miss Mitford.

Graffer

Graf"fer (?), n. [See Greffier.] (Law.) a notary or scrivener. Bowvier. <-- p. 643 -->

Graffiti

Graf*fi"ti (?), n. pl. [It., pl. of graffito scratched] Inscriptions, figure drawings, etc., found on the walls of ancient sepulchers or ruins, as in the Catacombs, or at Pompeii.

Graft

Graft (?), n. [OE. graff, F. greffe, originally the same word as OF. grafe pencil, L. graphium, Gr. carve. So named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Cf. Graphic, Grammar.] (a) A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit. (b) A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot. (c) (Surg.) A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty.

Graft

Graft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grafting.] [F. greffer. See Graft, n.]

1. To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon. [Formerly written graff.]

2.

(Surg.) To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union.

3.

To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about a close union.

And graft my love immortal on thy fame ! Pope.

4.

(Naut.) To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope-yarns.

Graft

Graft, v. i. To insert scions from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice grafting.

Grafter

Graft"er (?), n.

1. One who inserts scions on other stocks, or propagates fruit by ingrafting.

2.

An instrument by which grafting is facilitated.

3. The original tree from which a scion has been taken for grafting upon another tree. Shak.

Grafting

Graft"ing n. 1. (Hort.) The act, art, or process of inserting grafts.

2. (Naut.) The act or method of weaving a cover for a ring, rope end, etc.

3. (Surg.) The transplanting of a portion of flesh or skin to a denuded surface; autoplasty.

4. (Carp.) A scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to another. Cleft grafting (Hort.) a method of grafting in which the scion is placed in a cleft or slit in the stock or stump made by sawing off a branch, usually in such a manaer that its bark evenly joins that of the stock. -- Crown, ∨ Rind, grafting, a method of grafting which the alburnum and inner bark are separated, and between them is inserted the lower end of the scion cut slantwise. -- Saddle grafting, a mode of grafting in which a deep cleft is made in the end of the scion by two sloping cuts, and the end of the stock is made wedge-shaped to fit the cleft in the scion, which is placed upon it saddlewise. -- Side grafting, a mode of grafting in which the scion, cut quite across very obliquely, so as to give it the form of a slender wedge, is thrust down inside of the bark of the stock or stem into which it is inserted, the cut side of the scion being next the wood of the stock. -- Skin grafting. (Surg.) See Autoplasty. -- Splice grafting (Hort.), a method of grafting by cutting the ends of the scion and stock completely across and obliquely, in such a manner that the sections are of the same shape, then lapping the ends so that the one cut surface exactly fits the other, and securing them by tying or otherwise. -- Whip grafting, tongue grafting, the same as splice grafting, except that a cleft or slit is made in the end of both scion and stock, in the direction of the grain and in the middle of the sloping surface, forming a kind of tongue, so that when put together, the tongue of each is inserted in the slit of the other. -- Grafting scissors, a surgeon's scissors, used in rhinoplastic operations, etc. -- Grafting tool. (a) Any tool used in grafting. (b) A very strong curved spade used in digging canals. -- Grafting wax, a composition of rosin, beeswax tallow, etc., used in binding up the wounds of newly grafted trees.

Graham bread

Gra"ham bread" (?). [From Sylvester Graham, a lecturer on dietetics.] Bread made of unbolted wheat flour. [U. S.] Bartlett.

Grahamite

Gra"ham*ite (?), n. [See Graham bread.] One who follows the dietetic system of Graham. [U. S.]

Grail

Grail (?), n. [OF. greel, LL. gradale. See Gradual, n.] A book of offices in the Roman Catholic Church; a gradual. [Obs.] T. Warton.
Such as antiphonals, missals, grails, processionals, etc. Strype.

Grail

Grail, n. [OF. graal, greal, greet, F. graal, gr?al, LL. gradalis, gradale, prob. derived fr. L. crater bowl, mixing vessel, Gr. krath`r. See Crater.] A broad, open dish; a chalice; -- only used of the Holy Grail. &hand;The Holy Grail, according to some legends of the Middle Ages, was the cup used by our Savior in dispensing the wine at the last supper; and according to others, the platter on which the paschal lamb was served at the last Passover observed by our Lord. This cup, according to the legend, if appoached by any but a perfectly pure and holy person, would be borne away and vanish from the sight. The quest of the Holy Grail was to be undertaken only by a knight who was perfectly chaste in thought, word, and act.

Grail

Grail, n. [F. gr≖le hail, from gr\'90s grit, OHG. griex, grioz, G. gries, gravel, grit. See Grit.] Small particles of earth; gravel. [Obs.]
Lying down upon the sandy grail. Spenser.

Grail

Grail (?), n. [Cf. OF. graite slender, F. gr≖te.] One of the small feathers of a hawk.

Graille

Graille (?), n. [Cf. F. gr≖le a sort of file.] A halfround single-cut file or fioat, having one curved face and one straight face, -- used by comb makers. Knight.

Grain

Grain, v. & n. See Groan. [Obs.]

Grain

Grain (?), n. [F. grain, L. granum, grain, seed, small kernel, small particle. See Corn, and cf. Garner, n., Garnet, Gram the chick-pea, Granule, Kernel.]

1. A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially of those plants, like wheat, whose seeds are used for food.

2. The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the chief food of man, as corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants themselves; -- used collectively.

Storehouses crammed with grain. Shak.

3. Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar, salt, etc.; hence, any minute portion or particle; as, a grain of gunpowder, of pollen, of starch, of sense, of wit, etc.

I . . . with a grain of manhood well resolved. Milton.

4. The unit of the English system of weights; -- so called because considered equal to the average of grains taken from the middle of the ears of wheat. 7,000 grains constitute the pound avoirdupois, and 5,760 grains the pound troy. A grain is equal to .0648 gram. See Gram.

5. A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes; hence, a red color of any tint or hue, as crimson, scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent to Tyrian purple.

All in a robe of darkest grain. Milton.
Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in colors of less value, then give' them the last tincture of crimson in grain. Quoted by Coleridge, preface to Aids to Reflection.

6. The composite particles of any substance; that arrangement of the particles of any body which determines its comparative roughness or hardness; texture; as, marble, sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine grain.

Hard box, and linden of a softer grain. Dryden.

7. The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the fibers in wood, or of the strata in stone, slate, etc.

Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap, Infect the sound pine and divert his grain Tortive and errant from his course of growth. Shak.

8. The fiber which forms the substance of wood or of any fibrous material.

9. The hair side of a piece of leather, or the marking on that side. Knight.

10. pl. The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation; hence, any residuum. Also called draff.

11. (Bot.) A rounded prominence on the back of a sepal, as in the common dock. See Grained, a., 4.

12. Temper; natural disposition; inclination. [Obs.]

Brothers . . . not united in grain. Hayward.

13. A sort of spice, the grain of paradise. [Obs.]

He cheweth grain and licorice, To smellen sweet. Chaucer.
Against the grain, against or across the direction of the fibers; hence, against one's wishes or tastes; unwillingly; unpleasantly; reluctantly; with difficulty. Swift.Saintsbury.-- A grain of allowance, a slight indulgence or latitude a small allowance. -- Grain binder, an attachment to a harvester for binding the grain into sheaves. -- Grain colors, dyes made from the coccus or kermes in sect. -- Grain leather. (a) Dressed horse hides. (b) Goat, seal, and other skins blacked on the grain side for women's shoes, etc. -- Grain moth (Zo\'94l.), one of several small moths, of the family Tineid\'91 (as Tinea granella and Butalis cereAlella), whose larv\'91 devour grain in storehouses. -- Grain side (Leather), the side of a skin or hide from which the hair has been removed; -- opposed to flesh side. -- Grains of paradise, the seeds of a species of amomum. -- grain tin, crystalline tin ore metallic tin smelted with charcoal. -- Grain weevil (Zo\'94l.), a small red weevil (Sitophilus granarius), which destroys stored wheat and othar grain, by eating out the interior. -- Grain worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the grain moth. See grain moth, above. -- In grain, of a fast color; deeply seated; fixed; innate; genuine. "Anguish in grain." Herbert.-- To dye in grain, to dye of a fast color by means of the coccus or kermes grain [see Grain, n., 5]; hence, to dye firmly; also, to dye in the wool, or in the raw material. See under Dye.
The red roses flush up in her cheeks . . . Likce crimson dyed in grain. Spenser.
-- To go against the grain of (a person), to be repugnant to; to vex, irritate, mortify, or trouble.

Grain

Grain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Graining.]

1. To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.

2. To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains.

3. To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the grain of (leather, etc.).

Grain

Grain, v. i. [F. grainer, grener. See Grain, n.]

1. To yield fruit. [Obs.] Gower.

2. To form grains, or to assume a granular ferm, as the result of crystallization; to granulate.

Grain

Grain (?), n. [See Groin a part of the body.]

1. A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a plant. [Obs.] G. Douglas.

2. A tine, prong, or fork. Specifically: (a) One the branches of a valley or of a river. (b) pl. An iron first speak or harpoon, having four or more barbed points.

3. A blade of a sword, knife, etc.

4. (Founding) A thin piece of metal, used in a mold to steady a core.

Grained

Grained (?), a.

1. Having a grain; divided into small particles or grains; showing the grain; hence, rough.

2. Dyed in grain; ingrained.

Persons lightly dipped, not grained, in generous honesty, are but pale in goodness. Sir T. Browne.

3. Painted or stained in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.

4. (Bot.) Having tubercles or grainlike processes, as the petals or sepals of some flowers.

Grainer

Grain"er (?), n.

1. An infusion of pigeon's dung used by tanners to neutralize the effects of lime and give flexibility to skins; -- called also grains and bate.

2. A knife for taking the hair off skins.

3. One who paints in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.; also, the brush or tool used in graining.

Grainfield

Grain"field` (?), n. A field where grain is grown.

Graining

Grain"ing, n.

1. Indentation; roughening; milling, as on edges of coins. Locke.

2. A process in dressing leather, by which the skin is softened and the grain raised.

3. Painting or staining, in imitation of the grain of wood, atone, etc.

4. (Soap Making) The process of separating soap from spent lye, as with salt.

Graining

Grain"ing, n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European fresh-water fish (Leuciscus vulgaris); - called also dobule, and dace.

Grains

Grains (?), n. pl.

1. See 5th Grain, n., 2 (b).

2. Pigeon's dung used in tanning. See Grainer. n., 1.

Grainy

Grain"y (?), a. Resembling grains; granular.

Graip

Graip (?), n. [Perh. akin to grope, gripe.] A dungfork. [Scot.] Burns.

Graith

Graith (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Greith. Chaucer.

Graith

Graith, n. Furniture; apparatus or accouterments for work, traveling, war, etc. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Grakle

Gra"kle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Grackle.

Grall\'91

Gral"l\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. grallae stilts, for gradulae, fr. gradus. See Grade.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds which formerly included all the waders. By later writers it is usually restricted to the sandpipers, plovers, and allied forms; -- called also Grallatores.

Grallatores

Gral"la*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL. from L. grallator one who runs on stilts.] (Zoöl.) See Grall\'91.

Grallatorial, Grallatory

Gral`la*to"ri*al (?), Gral"la*to*ry (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Grallatores, or waders.

Grallic

Gral"lic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Grall\'91.

Gralline

Gral"line (l&imac;n), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Grall\'91.

Gralloch

Gral"loch (?), n. Offal of a deer. -- v. t. To remove the offal from (a deer).

-gram

-gram (?). [Gr. ? a thing drawn or written, a letter, fr. gra`fein to draw, write. See Graphic.] A suffix indicating something drawn or written, a drawing, writing; -- as, monogram, telegram, chronogram.

Gram

Gram (?), a. [AS. gram; akin to E. grim. &root;35.] Angry. [Obs.] Havelok, the Dane.

Gram

Gram, n. [Pg. gr?o grain. See Grain.] (Bot.) The East Indian name of the chick-pea (Cicer arietinum) and its seeds; also, other similar seeds there used for food.

Gram, Gramme

Gram, Gramme (?)
, n. [F. gramme, from Gr. ? that which is written, a letter, a small weight, fr. ? to write. See Graphic.] The unit of weight in the metric system. It was intended to be exactly, and is very nearly, equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of one cubic centimeter of pure water at its maximum density. It is equal to 15.432 grains. See Grain, n., 4. Gram degree, ∨ Gramme degree (Physics), a unit of heat, being the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water one degree centigrade. -- Gram equivalent (Electrolysis), that quantity of the metal which will replace one gram of hydrogen.

Grama grass

Gra"ma grass` (?). [Sp. grama a sort of grass.] (Bot.) The name of several kinds of pasture grasses found in the Western United States, esp. the Bouteloua oligostachya.

Gramarye

Gram"a*rye (?), n. [OE. gramer, grameri, gramori, grammar, magic, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire. See Grammar.] Necromancy; magic. Sir W. Scott.

Gramashes

Gra*mash"es (?), n. pl. [See Gamashes.] Gaiters reaching to the knee; leggings.
Strong gramashes, or leggings of thick gray cloth. Sir W. Scott.

Grame

Grame (?), n. [See Gram, a.]

1. Anger; wrath; scorn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Sorrow; grief; misery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gramercy

Gra*mer"cy (?), interj. [F. grand-merci. See Grand, and Mercy.] A word formerly used to express thankfulness, with surprise; many thanks.
Gramercy, Mammon, said the gentle knight. Spenser.

Page 644

Graminaceous

Gram"i*na"ceous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass.] Pertaining to, or resembling, the grasses; gramineous; as, graminaceous plants.

Gramineal

Gra*min"e*al (?), a. Gramineous.

Gramineous

Gra*min"e*ous (?), a. [L. gramineus, fr. gramen, graminis, grass.] (Bot.) Like, Or pertaining to, grass. See Grass, n., 2.

Graminifolious

Gram"i*ni*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass + folium leaf.] (Bot.) Bearing leaves resembling those of grass.

Graminivorous

Gram"i*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass + vorare to eat greedily.] Feeding or subsisting on grass, and the like food; -- said of horses, cattle, and other animals.

Grammalogue

Gram"ma*logue (?), n. [Gr. gra`mma letter + lo`gos word. Cf. Logogram.] (Phonography) Literally, a letter word; a word represented by a logogram; as, it, represented by |, that is, t. pitman.

Grammar

Gram"mar (?), n. [OE. gramere, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire Prob. fr. L. gramatica Gr Gramme, Graphic, and cf. Grammatical, Gramarye.]

1. The science which treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of speech, and their relations to one another; the art concerned with the right use aud application of the rules of a language, in speaking or writing. &hand; The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying of words according to their function in the sentence. Bain.

2. The art of speaking or writing with correctness or according to established usage; speech considered with regard to the rules of a grammar.

The original bad grammar and bad spelling. Macaulay.

3. A treatise on the principles of language; a book containing the principles and rules for correctness in speaking or writing.

4. treatise on the elements or principles of any science; as, a grammar of geography. Comparative grammar, the science which determines the relations of kindred languages by examining and comparing their grammatical forms. -- Grammar school. (a) A school, usually endowed, in which Latin and Greek grammar are taught, as also other studies preparatory to colleges or universities; as, the famous Rugby Grammar School. This use of the word is more common in England than in the United States.

When any town shall increase to the number of a hundred families or householders, they shall set up a grammar school, the master thereof being able to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted for the University. Mass. Records (1647).
(b) In the American system of graded common schools an intermediate grade between the primary school and the high school, in which the principles of English grammar are taught.<-- now = primary school -->

Grammar

Gram"mar, v. i. To discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use grammar. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Grammarian

Gram*ma"ri*an (?), n. [Cf. F. grammairien.]

1. One versed in grammar, or the construction of languages; a philologist. &hand; "The term was used by the classic ancients as a term of honorable distinction for all who were considered learned in any art or faculty whatever." Brande & C.

2. One who writes on, or teaches, grammar.

Grammarianism

Gram*ma"ri*an*ism (?), n. The principles, practices, or peculiarities of grammarians. [R.]

Grammarless

Gram"mar*less (?), a. Without grammar.

Grammates

Gram"mates (?), n. pl. [From Gr. Rudiments; first principles, as of grammar. [Obs.] Ford.

Grammatic

Gram*mat"ic (?), a. Grammatical.

Grammatical

Gram*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. grammaticus, grammaticalis; Gr. grammatical. See Grammar.]

1. Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar; as, a grammatical rule.

2. According to the rules of grammar; grammatically correct; as, the sentence is not grammatical; the construction is not grammatical. --Gram*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Gram*mat"ic*al*ness, n.

Grammaticaster

Gram*mat"icas"ter (?), n. [LL.] A petty grammarian; a grammatical pedant or pretender.
My noble Neophite, my little grammaticaster. B. Jonson.

Grammatication

Gram*mat"i*ca"tion (?), n. A principle of grammar; a grammatical rule. [Obs.] Dalgarno.

Grammaticism

Gram*mat"i*cism (?), n. A point or principle of grammar. Abp. Leighton.

Grammaticize

Gram*mat"i*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grammaticized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grammaticizing (?).] To render grammatical. Fuller.

Grammatist

Gram"ma*tist (?), n. [L. grammatista schoolmaster, Gr. grammatiste. See Grammatical.] A petty grammarian. [R] Tooke.

Gramme

Gramme (?), n. Same as Gram the weight.

Gramme machine

Gramme" ma*chine" (?). (Elec.) A kind of dynamo-electric machine; -- so named from its French inventor, M. Gramme. Knight.

Grampus

Gram"pus (?), n.; pl. Grampuses (#). [Probably corrupted from It. gran pesce great fish, or Sp. gran pez, or Pg. gran peixe, all fr. L. grandis piscis. See Grand, and Fish. the animal.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A toothed delphinoid cetacean, of the genus Grampus, esp. G. griseus of Europe and America, which is valued for its oil. It grows to be fifteen to twenty feet long; its color is gray with white streaks. Called also cowfish. The California grampus is G. Stearnsii.

2. A kind of tongs used in a bloomery. [U.S.]

Granade, Granado

Gra*nade" (?), Gra*na"do (?), n. See Grenade.

Granadilla

Grana*dil"la (?), n. [Sp., dim. of granada pomegranate. See Grenade, Garnet.] (Bot.) The fruit of certain species of passion flower (esp. Passiflora quadrangularis) found in Brazil and the West Indies. It is as large as a child's head, and is a good dessert fruit. The fruit of Passiflora edulis is used for flavoring ices.

Granary

Gran"a*ry (?), n.; pl. Granaries (#). [L. granarium, fr. granum grain. See Garner.] A storehouse or repository for grain, esp. after it is thrashed or husked; a cornbouse; also (Fig.), a region fertile in grain.<-- in this sense, equivalent to "breadbasket", used figuratively -->
The exhaustless granary of a world. Thomson.

Granate

Gran"ate (?), n. See Garnet.

Granatin

Gra*na"tin (?), n. [L. granatum the pomegranate.] (Chem.) Mannite; -- so called because found in the pomegranate.

Granatite

Gran"a*tite (?), n. See Staurolite.

Grand

Grand (?), a. [Compar. Grander (?); superl. Grandest.] [OE. grant, grount, OF. grant, F. grand, fr. L. grandis; perh. akin to gravis heavy, E. grave, a. Cf. Grandee.]

1. Of large size or extent; great; extensive; hence, relatively great; greatest; chief; principal; as, a grand mountain; a grand army; a grand mistake. "Our grand foe, Satan." Milton.

Making so bold . . . to unseal Their grand commission. Shak.

2. Great in size, and fine or imposing in appearance or impression; illustrious, dignifled, or noble (said of persons); majestic, splendid, magnificent, or sublime (said of things); as, a grand monarch; a grand lord; a grand general; a grand view; a grand conception.

They are the highest models of expression, the unapproached masters of the grand style. M. Arnold.

3. Having higher rank or more dignity, size, or importance than other persons or things of the same name; as, a grand lodge; a grand vizier; a grand piano, etc.

4. Standing in the second or some more remote degree of parentage or descent; -- generalIy used in composition; as, grandfather, grandson, grandchild, etc.

What cause Mov'd our grand parents, in that happy state, Favor'd of Heaven so highly, to fall off From their Creator. Milton.
Grand action, a pianoforte action, used in grand pianos, in which special devices are employed to obtain perfect action of the hammer in striking and leaving the string. -- Grand Army of the Republic, an organized voluntary association of men who served in the Union army or navy during the civil war in the United States. The order has chapters, called Posts, throughout the country. -- Grand cross. (a) The highest rank of knighthood in the Order of the Bath. (b) A knight grand cross. -- Grand cordon, the cordon or broad ribbon, identified with the highest grade in certain honorary orders; hence, a person who holds that grade. -- Grand days (Eng. Law), certain days in the terms which are observed as holidays in the inns of court and chancery (Candlemas, Ascension, St. John Baptist's, and All Saints' Days); called also Dies non juridici. -- Grand duchess. (a) The wife or widow of a grand duke. (b) A lady having the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right. (c) In Russia, a daughter of the Czar. -- Grand duke. (a) A sovereign duke, inferior in rank to a king; as, the Grand Duke of Tuscany. (b) In Russia, a son of the Czar. (c) (Zo\'94l.) The European great horned owl or eagle owl (Bubo maximas). -- Grand-guard, ∨ Grandegarde, a piece of plate armor used in tournaments as an extra protection for the left shoulder and breast. -- Grand juror, a member of a grand jury. -- Grand jury (Law), a jury of not less than twelve men, and not more than twenty-three, whose duty it is, in private session, to examine into accusations against persons charged with crime, and if they see just cause, then to find bills of indictment against them, to be presented to the court; -- called also grand inquest. -- Grand juryman, a grand juror. -- Grand larceny. (Law) See under Larceny. -- Grand lodge, the chief lodge, or governing body, among Freemasons and other secret orders. -- Grand master. (a) The head of one of the military orders of knighthood, as the Templars, Hospitallers, etc. (b) The head of the order of Freemasons or of Good Templars, etc.<-- (c) The highest rank for a chess player, awarded by a national or international organization of chess players as a result of winning games of chess against other ranked players in chess tournaments officially sanctioned by that chess organization, such as FIDE. By extension, (Figuratively) a person with the highest level of expertise in some field. Also "grandmaster". --> -- Grand paunch, a glutton or gourmand. [Obs.] Holland. -- Grand pensionary. See under Pensionary. -- Grand piano (Mus.), a large piano, usually harp-shaped, in which the wires or strings are generally triplicated, increasing the power, and all the mechanism is introduced in the most effective manner, regardless of the size of the instrument. -- Grand relief (Sculp.), alto relievo. -- Grand Seignior. See under Seignior. -- Grand stand, the principal stand, or erection for spectators, at a, race course, etc. -- Grand vicar (Eccl.), a principal vicar; an ecclesiastical delegate in France. -- Grand vizier. See under Vizier. Syn. -- Magnificent; sublime; majestic; dignified; elevated; stately; august; pompous; lofty; eralted; noble. -- Grand, Magnificent, Sublime. Grand, in reference to objects of taste, is applied to that which expands the mind by a sense of vastness and majesty; magnificent is applied to anything which is imposing from its splendor; sublime describes that which is awful and elevating. A cataract is grand; a rich and varied landscape is magnificent; an overhanging precipice is sublime. "Grandeur admits of degrees and modifications; but magnificence is that which has already reached the highest degree of superiority naturally belonging to the object in question." Crabb.

Grandam

Gran"dam (?), n. [F. grande, fem. of grand + dame. See Grand, and Dame.] An old woman; specifically, a grandmother. Shak.

Grandaunt

Grand"aunt" (?), n. [Cf. F. grand'tante.] The aunt of one's father or mother.

Grandchild

Grand"child" (?), n. A son's or daughter's child; a child in the second degree of descent.

Granddaughter

Grand"daugh"ter (?), n. The daughter of one's son or daughter.

Grandee

Gran*dee" (?), n. [Sp. grande. See Grand.] A man of elevated rank or station; a nobleman. In Spain, a nobleman of the first rank, who may be covered in the king's presence.

Grandeeship

Gran*dee"ship, n. The rank or estate of a grandee; lordship. H. Swinburne.

Grandeur

Gran"deur (?), n. [F., fr. grand. See Grand.] The state or quality of being grand; vastness; greatness; splendor; magnificence; stateliness; sublimity; dignity; elevation of thought or expression; nobility of action.
Nor doth this grandeur and majestic show Of luxury . . . allure mine eye. Milton.
Syn. -- Sublimity; majesty; stateliness; augustness; loftiness. See Sublimity.

Grandevity

Gran*dev"i*ty (?), n. [L. grandaevitas.] Great age; long life. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Grandevous

Gran*de"vous (?), a. [L. grandaevus; grandig grand+ aevum lifetime, age.] Of great age; aged; longlived. [R.] Bailey.

Grand-ducal

Grand"-du"cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a grand duke. H. James.

Grandfather

Grand"fa"ther (?), n. A father's or mother's father; an ancestor in the next degree above the father or mother in lineal ascent. Grandfather longlegs. (Zo\'94l.) See Dady longlegs.

Grandfatherly

Grand"fa"ther*ly, a. Like a grandfather in age or manner; kind; benignant; indulgent.
He was a grandfatherly sort of personage. Hawthorne.

Grandific

Gran*dif"ic (?), a. [L. grandificus; grandis grand + facere to make.] Making great. [R.] Bailey.

Grandiloquence

Gran*dil"o*quence (?), n. The use of lofty words or phrases; bombast; -- usually in a bad sense.
The sin of grandiloquence or tall talking. Thackeray,

Grandiloquent

Gran*dil"o*quent (?), a. [L. grandis grand + logui to speak.] Speaking in a lofty style; pompous; bombastic.

Grandiloquous

Gran*dil"o*quous (?), a. [L. grandiloquus; grandis grand + loqui to apeak.] Grandiloquent.

Grandinous

Gran"di*nous (?), a. [L. grandinosus, fr. qrando, grandinis, hail.] Consisting of hail; abounding in hail. [R.] Bailey.

Grandiose

Gran"di*ose" (?), a. [F. grandiose, It. grandioso. See Grand.]

1. Impressive or elevating in effect; vimposing; splendid; striking; -- in a good sense.

The tone of the parts was to be perpetually kept down in order not to impair the grandiose effect of the whole. M. Arnold.
The grandiose red tulips which grow wild. C. Kingsley.

2. Characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor; flaunting; turgid; bombastic; -- in a bad sense; as, a grandiose style.

Grandiosity

Gran"di*os"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. grandiosit\'82, It. grandiosit\'85.] The state or quality of being grandiose,

Grandity

Grand"i*ty (?), n. [L. granditas: cf. OF. granit\'82. See Grand.] Grandness. [Obs.] Camden.

Graudly

Graud"ly, adv. In a grand manner.

Grandma, Grandmamma

Grand"ma" (?), Grand"mam*ma" (?), n. A grand mother. <-- Grandmaster. See grand master. -->

Grand mercy

Grand" mer"cy (?). See Gramercy. [Obs.]

Grandmother

Grand"moth"er (?), n. The mother of one's father or mother.

Grandmotherly

Grand"moth"er*ly, a. Like a grandmother in age or manner; kind; indulgent.

Grandnephew

Grand"neph"ew (?), n. The grandson of one's brother or sister.

Grandness

Grand"ness, n. Grandeur. Wollaston.

Grandniece

Grand"niece" (?), n. The granddaughter of one's brother or sister.

Grandpa, Grandpapa

Grand"pa" (?), Grand"pa*pa" (?), n. A grandfather.

Grandsire

Grand"sire" (?), n. [OF. grantsire. See Grand, and Sire.] Specifically, a grandfather; more generally, any ancestor.

Grandson

Grand"son" (?), n. A son's or daughter's son.

Graaduncle

Graad"un"cle (?), n. [Cf. F. grand-oncle.] father's or mother's uncle.

Grane

Grane (?), v. & n. See Groan. [Obs.]

Grange

Grange (?), n. [F. grange barn, LL. granea, from L. granum grain. See Grain a kernel.]

1. A building for storing grain; a granary. [Obs.] Milton.

2. A farmhouse, with the barns and other buildings for farming purposes.

And eke an officer out for to ride, To see her granges and her bernes wide. Chaucer.
Nor burnt the grange, nor bussed the milking maid. Tennyson.

3. A farmhouse of a monastery, where the rents and tithes, paid in grain, were deposited. [Obs.]

4. A farm; generally, a farm with a house at a distance from neighbors.

5. An association of farmers, designed to further their interests, aud particularly to bring producers and consumers, farmers and manufacturers, into direct commercial relations, without intervention of middlemen or traders. The first grange was organized in 1867. [U. S.]

Granger

Gran"ger (?), n.

1. A farm steward. [Obs.]

2. A member of a grange. [U. S.]

Grangerism

Gran"ger*ism (?), n. [So called from the Rev. James Granger, whose "Biographical History of England" (1769) was a favorite book for illustration in this manner.] The practice of illustrating a particular book by engravings collected from other books.

Grangerite

Gran"ger*ite (?), n. One who collects illustrations from various books for the decoration of one book.

Grangerize

Gran"ger*ize (?), v. t. & i. To collect (illustrations from books) for decoration of other books. G. A. Sala.

Graniferous

Gra*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. qranifer; granum grain + ferre to bear: cf. F. granif\'8are.] Bearing grain, or seeds like grain. Humble.

Graniform

Gran"i*form (?), a. [L. granum grain + -form; cf. F. graniforme.] Formed like of corn.

Granilla

Gra*nil"la (?), n. [Sp., small seed.] Small grains or dust of cochineal or the coccus insect.

Granite

Gran"ite (?), n. [It. granito granite, adj., grainy, p. p. of granire to make grainy, fr. L. granum grain; cf. F. granit. See Grain.] (Geol.) A crystalline, granular rock, consisting of quartz, feldspar, and mica, and usually of a whitish, grayish, or flesh-red color. It differs from gneiss in not having the mica in planes, and therefor in being destitute of a schistose structure. &hand; Varieties containing hornblende are common. See also the Note under Mica. <-- p. 645 --> Gneissoid granite, granite in which the mica has traces of a regular arrangement. -- Graphic granite, granite consisting of quartz and feldspar without mica, and having the quartz crystals so arranged in the transverse section like oriental characters. -- Porphyritic granite, granite containing feldspar in distinct crystals. -- Hornblende granite, or Syenitic granite, granite containing hornblende as well as mica, or, according to some authorities hornblende replacing the mica. -- Granite ware. (a) A kind of stoneware. (b) A Kind of ironware, coated with an enamel resembling granite.

Granitic

Gra*nit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. granitique.]

1. Like granite in composition, color, etc.; having the nature of granite; as, granitic texture.

2. Consisting of granite; as, granitic mountains.

Granitical

Gra*nit"ic*al (?), a. Granitic.

Granitification

Gra*nit`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Granite + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act or the process of forming into granite. Humble.

Granitiform

Gra*nit"i*form (?), a. [Granite + -form.] (Geol.) Resembling granite in structure or shape.

Granitoid

Gran"i*toid (?), a. [Granite + -oid: cf. F. granito\'8bde.] Resembling granite in granular appearance; as, granitoid gneiss; a granitoid pavement.

Granivorous

Gra*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. granum grain + vorare to devour: cf. F. granivore.] Eating grain; feeding or subsisting on seeds; as, granivorous birds. <-- seed-eating. not same as graminivorous? = feeding on grass or the seeds of grass. latter is for beasts. --> Gay.

Grannam

Gran"nam (?), n. A grandam. [Colloq.]

Granny

Gran"ny (?), n. A grandmother; a grandam; familiarly, an old woman. Granny's bend, ∨ Granny's knot (Naut.), a kind of insecure knot or hitch; a reef knot crossed the wrong way.

Granolithic

Gran`o*lith"ic (?), n. [L. granum a grain (or E. granite) + -lith + -ic.] A kind of hard artificial stone, used for pavements.

Grant

Grant (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granted; p. pr. & vb. n. Granting.] [OE. graunten, granten, OF. graanter, craanter, creanter, to promise, yield, LL. creantare to promise, assure, for (assumed LL.) credentare to make believe, fr. L. credens, p. pr. of credere to believe. See Creed, Credit.]

1. To give over; to make conveyance of; to give the possession or title of; to convey; -- usually in answer to petition.

Grant me the place of this threshing floor. 1 Chrcn. xxi. 22.

2. To bestow or confer, with or without compensation, particularly in answer to prayer or request; to give.

Wherefore did God grant me my request. Milton.

3. To admit as true what is not yet satisfactorily proved; to yield belief to; to allow; to yield; to concede.

Grant that the Fates have firmed by their decree. Dryden.
Syn.-- To give; confer; bestow; convey; transfer; admit; allow; concede. See Give.

Grant

Grant, v. i. To assent; to consent. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Grant

Grant, n. [OE. grant, graunt, OF. graant, creant, promise, assurance. See Grant, v. t.]

1. The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring; concession; allowance; permission.

2. The yielding or admission of something in dispute.

3. The thing or property granted; a gift; a boon.

4. (Law) A transfer of property by deed or writing; especially, au appropriation or conveyance made by the government; as, a grant of land or of money; also, the deed or writing by which the transfer is made. &hand; Formerly, in English law, the term was specifically applied to transfrrs of incorporeal hereditaments, expectant estates, and letters patent from government and such is its present application in some of the United States. But now, in England the usual mode of transferring realty is by grant; and so, in some of the United States, the term grant is applied to conveyances of every kind of real property. Bouvier. Burrill.

Grantable

Grant"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being granted.

Grantee

Gran*tee" (?), n. (Law) The person to whom a grant or conveyance is made.
His grace will not survive the poor grantee he despises. Burke.

Granter

Grant"er (?), n. One who grants.

Grantor

Grant"or (?), n. (Law) The person by whom a grant or conveyance is made.

Granular

Gran"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. granulaire. See Granule.] Consisting of, or resembling, grains; as, a granular substance. Granular limestone, crystalline limestone, or marble, having a granular structure.

Granularly

Gran"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In a granular form.

Granulary

Gran"u*la*ry (?), a. Granular.

Granulate

Gran"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Granulating (?).] [See Granule.]

1. To form into grains or small masses; as, to granulate powder, sugar, or metal.

2. To raise in granules or small asperities; to make rough on the surface.

Granulate

Gran"u*late, v. i. To collect or be formed into grains; as, cane juice granulates into sugar.

Granulate, Granulated

Gran"u*late (?), Gran"u*la`ted (?), a.

1. Consisting of, or resembling, grains; crystallized in grains; granular; as, granulated sugar.

2. Having numerous small elevations, as shagreen. Granulated steel, a variety of steel made by a particular process beginning with the granulation of pig iron.

Granulation

Gran`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. granulation.]

1. The act or process of forming or crystallizing into grains; as, the granulation of powder and sugar.

2. The state of being granulated.

3. (Med.) (a) One of the small, red, grainlike prominences which form on a raw surface (that of wounds or ulcers), and are the efficient agents in the process of healing. (b) The act or process of the formation of such prominences.

Granule

Gran"ule (?), n. [L. granulum, dim. of granum grain: cf. F. granule. See Grain a kernel.] A little grain a small particle; a pellet.

Granuliferous

Gran`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Granule + -ferous.] Full of granulations.

Granuliform

Gra*nu"li*form (?), a. [Granule + -form.] (Min.) Having a granular structure; granular; as, granuliform limestone.

Granulite

Gran"u*lite (?), n. [From Granule.] (Geol.) A whitish, granular rock, consisting of feldspar and quartz intimately mixed; -- sometimes called whitestone, and leptynite.

Granulose

Gran"u*lose` (?), n. [From Granule.] (Physiol. Chem.) The main constituent of the starch grain or granule, in distinction from the framework of cellulose. Unlike cellulose, it is colored blue by iodine, and is converted into dextrin and sugar by boiling acids and amylolytic ferments.

Granulous

Gran"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. granuleux.] Full of grains; abounding with granular substances; granular.

Grape

Grape (?), n. [OF. grape, crape, bunch or cluster of grapes, F. grappe, akin to F. grappin grapnel, hook; fr. OHG. chrapfo hook, G. krapfen, akin to E. cramp. The sense seems to have come from the idea of clutching. Cf. Agraffe, Cramp, Grapnel, Grapple.]

1. (Bot.) A well-known edible berry growing in pendent clusters or bunches on the grapevine. The berries are smooth-skinned, have a juicy pulp, and are cultivated in great quantities for table use and for making wine and raisins.

2. (Bot.) The plant which bears this fruit; the grapevine.

3. (Man.) A mangy tumor on the leg of a horse.

4. (Mil.) Grapeshot. Grape borer. (Zo\'94l.) See Vine borer. -- Grape curculio (Zo\'94l.), a minute black weevil (Craponius in\'91qualis) which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes. -- Grape flower, ∨ Grape hyacinth (Bot.), a liliaceous plant (Muscari racemosum) with small blue globular flowers in a dense raceme. -- Grape fungus (Bot.), a fungus (Oidium Tuckeri) on grapevines; vine mildew. -- Grape hopper (Zo\'94l.), a Small yellow and red hemipterous insect, often very injurious to the leaves of the grapevine. -- Grape moth (Zo\'94l.), a small moth (Eudemis botrana), which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes, and often binds them together with silk. -- Grape of a cannon, the cascabel or knob at the breech. -- Grape sugar. See Glucose. -- Grape worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the grape moth. -- Soar grapes, things which persons affect to despise because they can not possess them; -- in allusion to

Grape fruit

Grape" fruit`. The shaddock.

Grapeless

Grape"less, a. Wanting grapes or the flavor of grapes.

Grapery

Grap"er*y (?), n. A building or inclosure used for the cultivation of grapes.

Grapeshot

Grape"shot` (?), n. (Mil.) A cluster, usually nine in number, of small iron balls, put together by means of cast-iron circular plates at top and bottom, with two rings, and a central connecting rod, in order to be used as a charge for a cannon. Formerly grapeshot were inclosed in canvas bags.

Grapestone

Grape"stone` (?), n. A seed of the grape.

Grapevine

Grape"vine` (?), n. (Bot.) A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus Vitis, having small green flowers and lobed leaves, and bearing the fruit called grapes. &hand; The common grapevine of the Old World is Vitis vinifera, and is a native of Central Asia. Another variety is that yielding small seedless grapes commonly called Zante currants. The northern Fox grape of the United States is the V. Labrusca, from which, by cultivation, has come the Isabella variety. The southern Fox grape, or Muscadine, is the V. vulpina. The Frost grape is V. cordifolia, which has very fragrant flowers, and ripens after the early frosts.

-graph

-graph ( [From Gr. gra`fein to write. See Graphic.] A suffix signifying something written, a writing; also, a writer; as autograph, crystograph, telegraph, photograph.

Graphic, Graphical

Graph"ic (?), Graph"ic*al (?), a. [L. graphicus, Gr. graphique. See
Graft.]

1. Of or pertaining to the arts of painting and drawing.

2. Of or pertaining to the art of writing.

3. Written or engraved; formed of letters or lines.

The finger of God hath left an inscription upon all his works, not graphical, or composed of letters. Sir T. Browne.

4. Well delineated; clearly and vividly described.

5. Having the faculty of, or characterized by, clear and impressive description; vivid; as, a gruphic writer. Graphic algebra, a branch of algebra in which, the properties of equations are treated by the use of curves and straight lines. -- Graphic arts, a name given to those fine arts which pertain to the representation on a fiat surface of natural objects; as distinguished from music, etc., and also from sculpture. -- Graphic formula. (Chem.) See under Formula. -- Graphic granite. See under Granite. -- Graphic method, the method of scientific analysis or investigation, in which the relations or laws involved in tabular numbers are represented to the eye by means of curves or other figures; as the daily changes of weather by means of curves, the abscissas of which represent the hours of the day, and the ordinates the corresponding degrees of temperature. -- Graphical statics (Math.), a branch of statics, in which the magnitude, direction, and position of forces are represented by straight lines -- Graphic tellurium. See Sylvanite.>

Graphically

Graph"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a graphic manner; vividly.

Graphicness, Graphicalness

Graph"ic*ness, Graph"ic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being graphic.

Graphics

Graph"ics (?), n. The art or the science of drawing; esp. of drawing according to mathematical rules, as in perspective, projection, and the like.

Graphiscope

Graph"i*scope (?), n. See Graphoscope.

Graphite

Graph"ite (?), n. [Gr. graphite. See Graphic.] (Min.) Native carbon in hexagonal crystals, also foliated or granular massive, of black color and metallic luster, and so soft as to leave a trace on paper. It is used for pencils (improperly called lead pencils), for crucibles, and as a lubricator, etc. Often called plumbago or black lead. Graphite battery (Elec.), a voltaic battery consisting of zinc and carbon in sulphuric acid, or other exciting liquid.

Graphitic

Gra*phit"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, containing, derived from, or resembling, graphite. Graphitic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, so called because obtained by the oxidation of graphite; -- usually called mellitic acid. -- Graphitic carbon, in iron or steel, that portion of the carbon which is present as graphite. Raymond.

Graphitoid, Graphitoidal

Graph"i*toid (?), Graph"i*toid"al (?), a. Resembling graphite or plumbago.

Grapholite

Graph"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F. grapholithe.] Any species of slate suitable to be written on.

Graphology

Gra*phol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. graphologie.] The art of judging of a person's character, disposition, and aptitude from his handwriting.

Graphoscope

Graph"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An optical instrument for magnifying engravings, photographs, etc., usually having one large lens and two smaller ones.

Graphotype

Graph"o*type (?), n. [Gr. -type.] (Engraving) A process for producing a design upon a surface in relief so that it can be printed from. Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc is pressed upon a smooth plate by a hydraulic press, and the design is drawn upon this in a peculiar ink which hardens the surface wherever it is applied. The surface is then carefully rubbed or brushed, leaving the lines in relief.

-graphy

-gra*phy (?). [Gr. Graphic.] A suffix denoting the art of writing or describing; also, the writing or description itself; a treatise; as, calligraphy, biography, geography.

Grapnel

Grap"nel (?), n. [OE. grapenel, dim. fr. F. grappin the grapple of a ship; of German origin. See Grape.] (Naut.) A small anchor, with four or five flukes or claws, used to hold boats or small vessels; hence, any instrument designed to grapple or hold; a grappling iron; a grab; -- written also grapline, and crapnel.

Grapple

Grap"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grappled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grappling (?).] [F. grappiller, OF. graypil the grapple of a ship, fr. graper to pluck, prop., to seize, clutch; of German origin. See Grape.]

1. To seize; to lay fast hold of; to attack at close quarters: as, to grapple an antagonist.

2. To fasten, as with a grapple; to fix; to join indissolubly.

The gallies were grappled to the Centurion. Hakluyt.
Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel. Shak.

Grapple

Grap"ple, v. i. To use a grapple; to contend in close fight; to attach one's self as if by a grapple, as in wrestling; to close; to seize one another. To grapple with, to enter into contest with, resolutely and courageously.
And in my standard bear the arms of York, To grapple with the house of Lancaster. Shak.

Grapple

Grap"ple, n. [See Grapple, v. t., and cf. Crapple.]

1. A seizing or seizure; close hug in contest; the wrestler's hold. Milton.

2. (a) An instrument, usually with hinged claws, for seizing and holding fast to an object; a grab. (b) (Naut.) A grappling iron.

The iron hooks and grapples keen. Spenser.
Grapple plant (Bot.), a South African herb (Herpagophytum leptocarpum) having the woody fruits armed with long hooked or barbed thorns by which they adhere to cattle, causing intense annoyance. -- Grapple shot (Life-saving Service), a projectile, to which are attached hinged claws to catch in a ship's rigging or to hold in the ground; -- called also anchor shot.

Grapplement

Grapple*ment (?), n. A grappling; close fight or embrace. [Obs.] Spenser.
Page 646

Grappling

Grap"pling (?), n.

1. A laying fast ho1d of; also, that by which anything is seized and held, a grapnel.

2. A grapple; a struggle. A match for yards in fight, in grappling for the bear. Dryden. Grappling iron, a hooked iron used for grappling and holding fast a vessel or other object. -- Grappling tongs, broad-mouthed tongs for gathering oysters.

Grapsoid

Grap"soid (?), a. [NL. Grapsus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the genus Grapsus or the family Grapsid\'91. -- n. A grapsoid crab.

Graptolite

Grap"to*lite (?), n. [NL, Graptolithus, from Gr. (Paleon.) One of numerous species of slender and delicate fossils, of the genus Graptolites and allied genera, found in the Silurian rocks. They belong to an extinct group (Graptolithina) supposed to be hydroids.

Graptolitic

Grap"to*lit`ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to graptolites; containing graptolites; as, a graptolitic slate.

Grapy

Grap"y (?), a. Composed of, or resembling, grapes.
The grapy clusters. Addison.

Grasp

Grasp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grasper (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Qraspine.] [OE. graspen; prob. akin to LG. grupsen, or to E. grope. Cf. Grab, Grope.]

1. To seize and hold by clasping or embracing with the fingers or arms; to catch to take possession of.

Thy hand is made to grasp a palmer's staff. Shak.

2. To lay hold of with the mind; to become thoroughly acquainted or conversant with; to comprehend.

Grasp

Grasp, v. i. To effect a grasp; to make the motion of grasping; to clutch; to struggle; to strive.
As one that grasped And tugged for life and was by strength subdued. Shak.
To grasp at, to catch at; to try to seize; as, Alexander grasped at universal empire,

Grasp

Grasp, n.

1. A gripe or seizure of the hand; a seizure by embrace, or infolding in the arms. "The grasps of love." Shak.

2. Reach of the arms; hence, the power of seizing and holding; as, it was beyond his grasp.

3. Forcible possession; hold.

The whole space that's in the tyrant's grasp. Shak.

4. Wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend subjects and hold them under survey.

The foremost minds of the next . . . era were not, in power of grasp, equal to their predecessors. Z. Taylor.

5. The handle of a sword or of an oar.

Graspable

Grasp"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being grasped.

Graaper

Graap"er (?), n. One who grasps or seizes; one who catches or holds.

Grasping

Grasp"ing, a.

1. Seizing; embracing; catching.

2. Avaricious; greedy of gain; covetous; close; miserly; as, he is a grasping man. -- Grasp"ing*ly, adv. -- Grasp"ing*ness, n.

Graspless

Grasp"less, a. Without a grasp; relaxed.
From my graspless hand Drop friendship's precious pearls. Coleridge.

Grass

Grass (?), n. [OE. gras, gres, gers, AS, qr, g; akin to OFries. gres, gers, OS., D., G., Icel., & Goth. gras, Dan. gr, Sw. gr, and prob. to Z. grcen, grow. Cf. Graze.]

1. Popularly: Herbage; the plants which constitute the food of cattle and other beasts; pasture.

2. (Bot.) An endogenous plant having simple leaves, a stem generally jointed and tubular, the husks or glumes in pairs, and the seed single. &hand; This definition includes wheat, rye, oats, barley, etc., and excludes clover and some other plants which are commonly called by the name of grass. The grasses form a numerous family of plants.

3. The season of fresh grass; spring. [Colloq.]

Two years old next grass. Lathsm.

4. Metaphorically used for what is transitory.

Surely the people is grass. Is. xl. 7.
&hand; The following list includes most of the grasses of the United States of special interest, except cereals. Many of these terms will be found with definitions in the Vocabulary. See Illustrations in Appendix. Barnyard grass, for hay. South. Panicum Grus-galli. Bent, pasture and hay. Agrostis, several species. Bermuda grass, pasture. South. Cynodon Dactylon. Black bent. Same as Switch grass (below). Blue bent, hay. North and West. Andropogon provincialis. Blue grass, pasture. Poa compressa. Blue joint, hay. Northwest. Aqropyrum glaucum. Buffalo grass, grazing. Rocky Mts., etc. (a) Buchlo\'89 dectyloides. (b) Same as Grama grass (below). <-- here spelled "gramma" in original --> Bunch grass, grazing. Far West. Eriocoma, Festuca, Stips, etc. Chess, ∨ Cheat, a weed. Bromus secalinus, etc. Couch grass. Same as Quick grass (below). Crab grass, (a) Hay, in South. A weed, in North. Panicum sanguinale. (b) Pasture and hay. South. Eleusine Indica. Darnel (a) Bearded, a noxious weed. Lolium temulentum. (b) Common. Same as Rye grass (below). Drop seed, fair for forage and hay. Muhlenbergia, several species. English grass. Same as Redtop (below). Fowl meadow grass. (a) Pasture and hay. Poa serotina. (b) Hay, on moist land. Gryceria nervata. Gama grass, cut fodder. South. Tripsacum dactyloides. <-- spelled here (as in modern dictionaries) "Grama" in original, but references are to "gramma" --> Grama grass, grazing. West and Pacific slope. Bouteloua oligostachya, etc. Great bunch grass, pasture and hay. Far West. Festuca scabrella. Guinea grass, hay. South. Panicum jumentorum. Herd's grass, in New England Timothy, in Pennsylvania and South Redtop. Indian grass. Same as Wood grass (below). Italian rye grass, forage and hay. Lolium Italicum. Johnson grass, grazing aud hay. South and Southwest. Sorghum Halepense. Kentucky blue grass, pasture. Poa pratensis. Lyme grass, coarse hay. South. Elymus, several species. Manna grass, pasture and hay. Glyceria, several species. Meadow fescue, pasture and hay. Festuca elatior. Meadow foxtail, pasture, hay, lawn. North. Alopecurus pratensis. Meadow grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Poa, several species. Mesquite, ∨ Muskit grass. Same as Grama grass (above). <-- here spelled "gramma" in original --> Nimble Will, a kind of drop seed. Muhlenbergia diffsa. Orchard grass, pasture and hay. Dactylis glomerata. Porcupine grass, troublesome to sheep. Northwest. Stipa spartea. Quaking grass, ornamental. Briza media and maxima. Quitch, or Quick, grass, etc., a weed. Agropyrum repens. Ray grass. Same as Rye grass (below). Redtop, pasture and hay. Agrostis vulgaris. Red-topped buffalo grass, forage. Northwest. Poa tenuifolia. Reed canary grass, of slight value. Phalaris arundinacea. Reed meadow grass, hay. North. Glyceria aquatica. Ribbon grass, a striped leaved form of Reed canary grass. Rye grass, pasture, hay. Lolium perenne, var. Seneca grass, fragrant basket work, etc. North. Hierochloa borealis. Sesame grass. Same as Gama grass (above). Sheep's fescue, sheep pasture, native in Northern Europe and Asia. Festuca ovina. Small reed grass, meadow pasture and hay. North. Deyeuxia Canadensis. Spear grass, Same as Meadow grass (above). Squirrel-tail grass, troublesome to animals. Seacoast and Northwest. Hordeum jubatum. Switch grass, hay, cut young. Panicum virgatum. Timothy, cut young, the best of hay. North. Phleum pratense. Velvet grass, hay on poor soil. South. Holcus lanatus. Vernal grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Anthoxanthum odoratum. Wire grass, valuable in pastures. Poa compressa. Wood grass, Indian grass, hay. Chrysopogon nutans. &hand; Many plants are popularly called grasses which are not true grasses botanically considered, such as black grass, goose grass, star grass, etc. Black grass, a kind of small rush (Juncus Gerardi), growing in salt marshes, used for making salt hay. -- Grass of the Andes, an oat grass, the Arrhenatherum avenaceum of Europe.-- Grass of Parnassus, a plant of the genus Parnassia growing in wet ground. The European species is P. palustris; in the United States there are several species. -- Grass bass (Zo\'94l.), the calico bass. -- Grass bird, the dunlin. -- Grass cloth, a cloth woven from the tough fibers of the grass-cloth plant. -- Grass-cloth plant, a perennial herb of the Nettle family (B\'d2hmeria nivea or Urtica nivea), which grows in Sumatra, China, and Assam, whose inner bark has fine and strong fibers suited for textile purposes. -- Grass finch. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A common American sparrow (Po\'94c\'91tes gramineus); -- called also vesper sparrow and bay-winged bunting. (b) Any Australian finch, of the genus Po\'89phila, of which several species are known. -- Grass lamb, a lamb suckled by a dam running on pasture land and giving rich milk.-- Grass land, land kept in grass and not tilled. -- Grass moth (Zo\'94l.), one of many small moths of the genus Crambus, found in grass. -- Grass oil, a fragrant essential volatile oil, obtained in India from grasses of the genus Andropogon, etc.; -- used in perfumery under the name of citronella, ginger grass oil, lemon grass oil, essence of verbena etc. -- Grass owl (Zo\'94l.), a South African owl (Strix Capensis). -- Grass parrakeet (Zo\'94l.), any of several species of Australian parrots, of the genus Euphemia; -- also applied to the zebra parrakeet. -- Grass plover (Zo\'94l.), the upland or field plover. -- Grass poly (Bot.), a species of willowwort (Lythrum Hyssopifolia). Johnson. -- Crass quit (Zo\'94l.), one of several tropical American finches of the genus Euetheia. The males have most of the head and chest black and often marked with yellow.-- Grass snake. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common English, or ringed, snake (Tropidonotus natrix). (b) The common green snake of the Northern United States. See Green snake, under Green. -- Grass snipe (Zo\'94l.), the pectoral sandpiper (Tringa maculata) -- called also jacksnipe in America. -- Grass spider (Zo\'94l.), a common spider (Agelena n\'91via), which spins flat webs on grass, conspicuous when covered with dew. -- Grass sponge (Zo\'94l.), an inferior kind of commercial sponge from Florida and the Bahamas. -- Grass table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. -- Grass vetch (Bot.), a vetch (Lathyrus Nissolia), with narrow grasslike leaves. -- Grass widow. [Cf. Prov. R. an unmarried mother, G. strohwittwe a mock widow, Sw. gr\'84senka a grass widow.] (a) An unmarried woman who is a mother. [Obs.] (b) A woman separated from her husband by abandonment or prolonged absence; a woman living apart from her husband. [Slang.] -- Grass wrack (Bot.) eelgrass. -- To bring to grass (Mining.), to raise, as ore, to the surface of the ground. -- To put to grass, To put out to grass, to put out to graze a season, as cattle.

Grass

Grass (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grassing.]

1. To cover with grass or with turf.

2. To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching, etc.

3. To bring to the grass or ground; to land; as, to grass a fish. [Colloq.]

Grass

Grass (?), v. i. To produce grass. [R.] Tusser>/au>.

Grassation

Gras*sa"tion (?), n. [L. grassatio, from grassari to go about.] A wandering about with evil intentions; a rioting. [Obs. & R.] Feltham.

Grass-green

Grass"-green` (?), a.

1. Green with grass.

2. Of the color of grass; clear and vivid green.

Grass-grown

Grass"-grown` (?), a. Overgrown with grass; as, a grass-grown road.

Grasshopper

Grass"hop`per (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any jumping, orthopterous insect, of the families Acridid\'91 and Locustid\'91. The species and genera are very numerous. The former family includes the Western grasshopper or locust (Caloptenus spretus), noted for the great extent of its ravages in the region beyond the Mississippi. In the Eastern United States the red-legged (Caloptenus femurrubrum and C. atlanis) are closely related species, but their ravages are less important. They are closely related to the migratory locusts of the Old World. See Locust. <-- atlanis in original. Atlantis? --> &hand; The meadow or green grasshoppers belong to the Locustid\'91. They have long antenn\'91, large ovipositors, and stridulating organs at the base of the wings in the male. The European great green grasshopper (Locusta viridissima) belongs to this family. The common American green species mostly belong to Xiphidium, Orchelimum, and Conocephalus.

2. In ordinary square or upright pianos of London make, the escapement lever or jack, so made that it can be taken out and replaced with the key; -- called also the hopper. Grove. Grasshopper engine, a steam engine having a working beam with its fulcrum at one end, the steam cylinder at the other end, and the connecting rod at an intermediate point. -- Grasshopper lobster (Zo\'94l.) a young lobster. [Local, U. S.] -- Grasshopper warbler (Zo\'94l.), cricket bird.

Grassiness

Grass"i*ness (?), n. [From Grassy.] The state of abounding with grass; a grassy state.

Grassless

Grass"less, a. Destitute of grass.

Grassplot

Grass"plot` (?), n. A plot or space covered with grass; a lawn. "Here on this grassplot." Shak.

Grass tree

Grass" tree" (?). (Bot.) (a) An Australian plant of the genus Xanthorrh\'d2a, having a thick trunk crowned with a dense tuft of pendulous, grasslike leaves, from the center of which arises a long stem, bearing at its summit a dense flower spike looking somewhat like a large cat-tail. These plants are often called "blackboys" from the large trunks denuded and blackened by fire. They yield two kinds of fragrant resin, called Botany-bay gum, and Gum Acaroides. (b) A similar Australian plant (Kingia australis).

Grassy

Grass"y (?) a.

1. Covered with grass; abounding with grass; as, a grassy lawn. Spenser.

2. Resembling grass; green.

Grate

Grate (?), a. [L. gratus agreeable, grateful: cf. It. & Sp. grato. See Grace, and cf. Agree.] Serving to gratify; agreeable. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

Grate

Grate, n. [LL.. grata, fr. L. crates hurdle; or It. grata, of the same origin. Sae Crate, Hurdle.]

1. A structure or frame containing parallel or crosed bars, with interstices; a kind of latticework, such as is used ia the windows of prisons and cloisters. "A secret grate of iron bars." Shak.

2. A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding fuel while burning. Grate surface (Steam, Boiler) the area of the surface of the grate upon which the fuel lies in the furnace.

Grate

Grate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grated; p. pr. &. vb. n. Grating.] To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars; as, to grate a window.

Grate

Grate, v. t. [OF grater to scrape, scratch, F. gratter, LL. gratare, cratare; of German origin; cf. OHG. chrazz&omac;n G. kratzen, D. krassen, Sw. Kratta, and perh. E. scratch.]

1. To rub roughly or harshly, as one body against another, causing a harsh sound; as, to grate the teeth; to produce (a harsh sound) by rubbing.

On their hinges grate Harsh thunder. Milton.

2. To reduce to small particles by rubbing with anything rough or indented; as, to grate a nutmeg.

3. To fret; to irritate; to offend.

News, my good lord Rome . . . grates me. Shak.

Grate

Grate, v. i.

1. To make a harsh sound by friction.

I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned, Or a dry wheel grate on the exletree. Shak.

2. To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard rough material; to cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence; To produce exasperation, soreness, or grief; to offend by oppression or importunity.

This grated harder upon the hearts of men. South.
<-- p. 647 this page badly done -- in need of careful proofing -->

Grated

Grat"ed (?), a. [From 2d Grate.] Furnished with a grate or grating; as, grated windows.

Grateful

Grate"ful (?), a. [Grate, a. + full; cf. F. gr\'82 thanks, good will, fr. L. gratum, neut. of gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.]

1. Having a due sense of benefits received; kindly disposed toward one from whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and repay, or give thanks for, benefits; as, a grateful heart.

A grateful mind By owing, owes not, but still pays. Milton.

2. Affording pleasure; pleasing to the senses; gratifying; delicious; as, a grateful present; food grateful to the palate; grateful sleep.

Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine, And grateful clusters swell. Pope.
Syn. -- Thankful; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying; agreeable; welcome; delightful; delicious. -- Grate"ful*ly
, adv. -- Grate"ful*ness, n.

Grater

Grat"er (?), a. [From Qrate, v.] One who, or that which, grates; especially, an instrument or utensil with a rough, indented surface, for rubbing off small particles of any substance; as a grater for nutmegs.

Graticulation

Gra*tic"u*la"tion (?), n. [F. graticulation, craticulation, fr. graticuler, craticuler, to square, fr. graticule, craticule, graticule, L. craticula, dim. of crates wickerwork. See 2d Grate.] The division of a design or draught into squares, in order the more easily to reproduce it in larger or smaller dimensions.

Graticule

Grat"i*cule (?), n. [F. See Graticulation.] A design or draught which has been divided into squares, in order to reproduce it in other dimensions.

Gratification

Grat"i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. gratificatio: cf. F. gratification.]

1. The act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or the appetite; as, the gratification of the palate, of the appetites, of the senses, of the desires, of the heart.

2. That which affords pleasure; satisfaction; enjoyment; fruition: delight.

3. A reward; a recompense; a gratuity. Bp. Morton.

Glatified

Glat"i*fied (?), a. Pleased; indulged according to desire. Syn. -- Glad; pleased. See Glad.

Gratifier

Grat"i*fi"er (?), n. One who gratifies or pleases.

Gratify

Grat"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gratified (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gratifying (#).] [F. gratifier, L. gratificari; gratus pleasing + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

1. To please; to give pleasure to; to satisfy; to soothe; to indulge; as, to gratify the taste, the appetite, the senses, the desires, the mind, etc.

For who would die to gratify a foe? Dryden.

2. To requite; to recompense. [Obs.]

It remains . . . To gratify his noble service. Shak.
Syn. -- To indulge; humor please; delight; requite; recompense. -- To Gratify, Indulge, Humor. Gratify, is the generic term, and has reference simply to the pleasure communicated. To indulge a person implies that we concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses which he could not claim, and which had better, perhaps, be spared. To humor is to adapt ourselves to the varying moods, and, perhaps, caprices, of others. We gratify a child by showing him the sights of a large city; we indulge him in some extra expense on such an occasion; we humor him when he is tired and exacting.

Grating

Grat"ing (?), n. [See 2d Grate.]

1. A partition, covering, or frame of parallel or cross bars; a latticework resembling a window grate; as, the grating of a prison or convent.

2. (Optics) A system of close equidistant and parallel lines lines or bars, especially lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction; -- called also diffraction grating.

3. pl. (Naut.) The strong wooden lattice used to cover a hatch, admitting light and air; also, a movable Lattice used for the flooring of boats.

Grating

Grat"ing, a. [See Grate to rub harshy.] That grates; making a harsh sound; harsh. -- Grat"ing*ly, adv.

Grating

Grat"ing, n. A harsh sound caused by attrition.

Gratiolin

Gra*ti"o*lin (?), n. (Chem.) One of the essential principles of the hedge hyssop (Gratiola officinalis).

Gratis

Gra"tis (?), adv. [L., contr. fr. gratiis out of favor or kindness, without recompense, for nothing, fr. gratia favor. See Grace.] For nothing; without fee or recompense; freely; gratuitously.

Gratitude

Grat"i*tude (?), n. [F. gratitude, LL. gratitudo, from gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.] The state of being grateful; warm and friendly feeling toward a benefactor; kindness awakened by a favor received; thankfulness.
The debt immense of endless gratitude. Milton.

Gratuitous

Gra*tu"i*tous (?) a. [L. gratuitus, from gratus pleasing. See Grate, a., Gratis.]

1. Given without an equivalent or recompense; conferred without valuable consideration; granted without pay, or without claim or merit; not required by justice.

We mistake the gratuitous blessings of Heaven for the fruits of our own industry. L'Estrange.

2. Not called for by the circumstances; without reason, cause, or proof; adopted or asserted without any good ground; as, a gratuitous assumption.

Acts of gratuitous self-humiliation. De Quincye.
-- Gra*tu"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Gra*tu"i*tous*ness, n.

Gratuity

Gra*tu"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Gtratuities (#). [F. gratuit\'82, or LL. gratuitas.]

1. Something given freely or without recompense; a free gift; a present. Swift.

2. Something voluntarily given in return for a favor or service, as a recompense or acknowledgment. <-- usually money. In particular, the money given to a waiter, cab driver, bellhop, etc. as a reward for good service = tip -->

Gratulate

Grat"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grqatulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gratulating (?).] [L. gratulatus, p. p. of gratulari to congratulate, fr. gratus pleasing, agreeable. See Grate, a.] To salute with declaration of joy; to congratulate. [R.] Shak.

Gratulate

Grat"u*late (?), a. Worthy of gratulation. [Obs.]
There's more behind that is more gratulate. Shak.

Gratulation

Grat"u*la"tion (?), n. [L. gratulatio.] The act of gratulating or felicitating; congratulation.
I shall turn my wishes into gratulations. South.

Gratulatory

Grat"u*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. gratulatorius.] Expressing gratulation or joy; congratulatory.
The usual groundwork of such gratulatory odes. Bp. Horsley.

Graunt

Graunt (?), v. & n. [Obs.] See Grant. Chaucer.

Grauwacke

Grau"wack*e (?), n. [G.] Graywacke.

Gravamen

Gra*va"men (?), n.; pl. L. Gravamina (#), E. Gravamens (#). [L., fr. gravare to load, burden, fr. gravis heavy, weighty. See Grave, a.] (Law) The grievance complained of; the substantial cause of the action; also, in general, the ground or essence of a complaint. Bouvier.

-grave

-grave (?). A final syllable signifying a ruler, as in landgrave, margrave. See Margrave.

Grave

Grave (?), v. t. (Naut.) To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch; -- so called because graves or greaves was formerly used for this purpose.

Grave

Grave, a. [Compar. Graver (gr&amac;v"&etil;r); superl. Gravest.] [F., fr. L. gravis heavy; cf. It. & Sp. grave heavy, grave. See Grief.]

1. Of great weight; heavy; ponderous. [Obs.]

His shield grave and great. Chapman.

2. Of importance; momentous; weighty; influential; sedate; serious; -- said of character, relations, etc.; as, grave deportment, character, influence, etc.

Most potent, grave, and reverend seigniors. Shak.
A grave and prudent law, full of moral equity. Milton.

3. Not light or gay; solemn; sober; plain; as, a grave color; a grave face.

4. (Mus.) (a) Not acute or sharp; low; deep; -- said of sound; as, a grave note or key.

The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone. Moore (Encyc. of Music).
(b) Slow and solemn in movement. Grave accent. (Pron.) See the Note under Accent, n., 2. Syn. -- Solemn; sober; serious; sage; staid; demure; thoughtful; sedate; weighty; momentous; important. -- Grave, Sober, Serious, Solemn. Sober supposes the absence of all exhilaration of spirits, and is opposed to gay or flighty; as, sober thought. Serious implies considerateness or reflection, and is opposed to jocose or sportive; as, serious and important concerns. Grave denotes a state of mind, appearance, etc., which results from the pressure of weighty interests, and is opposed to hilarity of feeling or vivacity of manner; as, a qrave remark; qrave attire. Solemn is applied to a case in which gravity is carried to its highest point; as, a solemn admonition; a solemn promise.

Grave

Grave, v. t. [imp. Graved (gr&amac;vd); p. p. Graven (gr&amac;v"'n) or Graved; p. pr. & vb. n. Graving.] [AS. grafan to dig, grave, engrave; akin to OFries. greva, D. graven, G. graben, OHG. & Goth. graban, Dan. grabe, Sw. gr&aum;fva, Icel. grafa, but prob. not to Gr. gra`fein to write, E. graphic. Cf. Grave, n., Grove, n.]

1. To dig. [Obs.] Chaucer.

He hath graven and digged up a pit. Ps. vii. 16 (Book of Common Prayer).

2. To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave.

Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel. Ex. xxviii. 9.

3. To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture; as, to grave an image.

With gold men may the hearte grave. Chaucer.

4. To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.

O! may they graven in thy heart remain. Prior.

5. To entomb; to bury. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Lie full low, graved in the hollow ground. Shak.

Grave

Grave, v. i. To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice engraving.

Grave

Grave, n. [AS. gr?f, fr. grafan to dig; akin to D. & OS. graf, G. grab, Icel. gr\'94f, Russ. grob' grave, coffin. See Grave to carve.] An excavation in the earth as a place of burial; also, any place of interment; a tomb; a sepulcher. Hence: Death; destruction.
He bad lain in the grave four days. John xi. 17.
Grave wax, adipocere.

Graveclothes

Grave"clothes` (, n. pl. The clothes or dress in which the dead are interred.

Gravedigger

Grave"dig`ger (?), n.

1. A digger of graves.

2. (Zo\'94l.) See Burying beetle, under Bury, v. t.

Gravel

Grav"el (?), n. [OF. gravele, akin to F. gr?ve a sandy shore, strand; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. grouan gravel, W. gro coarse gravel, pebbles, and Skr. gr&amac;van stone.]

1. Small stones, or fragments of stone; very small pebbles, often intermixed with particles of sand.

2. (Med.) A deposit of small calculous concretions in the kidneys and the urinary or gall bladder; also, the disease of which they are a symptom. Gravel powder, a coarse gunpowder; pebble powder.

Gravel

Grav"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graveled (?) or Gravelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Graveling or Gravelling.]

1. To cover with gravel; as, to gravel a walk.

2. To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run aground; to cause to stick fast in gravel or sand.

When we were fallen into a place between two seas, they graveled the ship. Acts xxvii. 41 (Rhemish version).
Willam the Conqueror . . . chanced as his arrival to be graveled; and one of his feet stuck so fast in the sand that he fell to the ground. Camden.

3. To check or stop; to embarrass; to perplex. [Colloq.]

When you were graveled for lack of matter. Shak.
The physician was so graveled and amazed withal, that he had not a word more to say. Sir T. North.

4. To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged between the shoe and foot.

Graveless

Grave"less (?), a. Without a grave; unburied.

Graveling, or Gravelling

Grav"el*ing (?), or Grav"el*ling
, n.

1. The act of covering with gravel.

2. A layer or coating of gravel (on a path, etc.).

Graveling, or Gravelling

Grav"el*ing, or Grav"el*ling, n. (Zo\'94l.) A salmon one or two years old, before it has gone to sea.

Gravelliness

Grav"el*li*ness (?), n. State of being gravelly.

Gravelly

Grav"el*ly (?), a. Abounding with gravel; consisting of gravel; as, a gravelly soil.

Gravel-stone

Grav"el-stone" (?), n. A pebble, or small fragment of stone; a calculus.

Gravely

Grave"ly (?), adv. In a grave manner.

Graven

Grav"en (?), p. p. of Grave, v. t. Carved. Graven image, an idol; an object of worship carved from wood, stone, etc. "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image." Ex. xx. 4.

Graveness

Grave"ness, n. The quality of being grave.
His sables and his weeds, Importing health and graveness. Shak.

Gravenstein

Gra"ven*stein" (?), n. [So called because it came from Gravenstein, a place in Schleswig. Downing.] A kind of fall apple, marked with streaks of deep red and orange, and of excellent flavor and quality.

Graveolence

Gra*ve"o*lence (?), n. [L. graveolentia: cf. F. grav\'82olence. See Graveolent.] A strong and offensive smell; rancidity. [R.] Bailey.

Graveolent

Gra*ve"o*lent (?), a. [L. graveolens; gravis heavy + olere to smell.] Having a rank smell. [R.] Boyle.

Graver

Graver (?), n.

1. One who graves; an engraver or a sculptor; one whose occupation is te cut letters or figures in stone or other hard material.

2. An ergraving or cutting tool; a burin.

Gravery

Grav"er*y (?), n. The act, process, or art, of graving or carving; engraving.
Either of picture or gravery and embossing. Holland.

Graves

Graves (?), n. pl. The sediment of melted tallow. Same as Greaves.

Graves' disease

Graves"' dis*ease" (?). [So called after Dr. Graves, of Dublin.] Same as Basedow's disease.

Gravestone

Grave"stone (?), n. A stone laid over, or erected near, a grave, usually with an inscription, to preserve the memory of the dead; a tombstone.

Graveyard

Grave"yard" (?), n. A yard or inclosure for the interment of the dead; a cemetery.

Gravic

Grav"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or causing, gravitation; as, gravic forces; gravic attraction. [R.]

Gravid

Grav"id (?), a. [L. gravidus, fr. gravis heavy, loaded. See Grave, a.] Being with child; heavy with young; pregnant; fruitful; as, a gravid uterus; gravid piety. " His gravid associate." Sir T. Herbert.

Gravidated

Grav"i*da"ted (?), a. [L. gravidatus, p. p. of gravidare to load, impregnate. See Gravid.] Made pregnant; big. [Obs.] Barrow.

Gravidation

Grav"i*da"tion (?), n. Gravidity. [Obs.]

Gravidity

Gra*vid"i*ty (?), n. [L. graviditas.] The state of being gravidated; pregnancy. [R.]

Gravigrade

Grav"i*grade (?), a. [L. gravis heavy + gradus step.] (Zo\'94l.) Slow-paced. -- n. One of the pachyderms.

Gravimeter

Gra*vim"e*ter (?), n. [L. gravis heavy + -meter: cf. F. gravim\'8atre.] (Physics) An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity of bodies.

Gravimetric

Grav"i*met"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to measurement by weight; measured by weight. -- Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly (#), adv. Gravimetric analysis (Chem.), analysis in which the amounts of the coastituents are determined by weight; -- in distinction from volumetric analysis.

Graving

Grav"ing (?), n. [From Grave to clean.] The act of cleaning a ship's bottom. Graving dock. (Naut.) See under Dock.

Graving

Grav"ing, n. [From Grave to dig.]

l. The act or art of carving figures in hard substances, esp. by incision or in intaglio.

2. That which is graved or carved. [R.]

Skillful to . . . grave any manner of graving. 2 Chron. ii. 14.

3. Impression, as upon the mind or heart.

New gravings upon their souls. Eikon Basilike

Gravitate

Grav"i*tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gravitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gravitating (?).] [Cf. F. graviter. See Gravity.] To obey the law of gravitation; to exert a force Or pressure, or tend to move, under the influence of gravitation; to tend in any direction or toward any object.
Why does this apple fall to the ground? Because all bodies gravitate toward each other. Sir W. Hamilton.
Politicians who naturally gravitate towards the stronger party. Macaulay.

Gravitation

Grav"i*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. gravitation. See Gravity.]

1. The act of gravitating.

2. (Pysics) That species of attraction or force by which all bodies or particles of matter in the universe tend toward each other; called also attraction of gravitation, universal gravitation, and universal gravity. See Attraction, and Weight. Law of gravitatian, that law in accordance with which gravitation acts, namely, that every two bodies or portions of matter in the universe attract each other with a force proportional directly to the quantity of matter they contain, and inversely to the squares of their distances.

Gravitational

Grav`i*tation*al (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the force of gravity; as, gravitational units.

Gravitative

Gravi*ta*tive (?), a. Causing to gravitate; tending to a center. Coleridge.

Gravity

Grav"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Gravities (#). [L. gravitas, fr. gravis heavy; cf. F. gravit\'82. See Grave, a., Grief.]

1. The state of having weight; beaviness; as, the gravity of lead.

2. Sobriety of character or demeanor. "Men of gravity and learning."< Shak. <-- p. 648 needs proofing ##proof - especially italicized words (aso in etymologies) are not properly marked-->

3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence, seriousness; enormity; as, the gravity of an offense.

They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of the place where they were uttered. Burke.

4. (Physics) The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the center of the earth; terrestrial gravitation.

5. (Mus.) Lowness of tone; -- opposed to acuteness. Center of gravity See under Center. -- Gravity battery, See Battery, n., 4. -- Specific gravity, the ratio of the weight of a body to the weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the standard or unit. This standard is usually water for solids and liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact that, bulk for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water.

Gravy

Gra"vy (?), n; pl. Gravies (#). [OE. greavie; prob. fr. greaves, graves, the sediment of melted tallow. See Greaves.]

1. The juice or other liquid matter that drips from flesh in cooking, made into a dressing for the food when served up.

2. Liquid dressing for meat, fish, vegetables, etc.

Gray

Gray (?), a. [Compar. Grayer (; superl. Grayest.] [OE. gray, grey, AS. gr?g, gr?g; akin to D. graauw OHG. gr?o, G. grau, Dan. graa, Dw. gr?, Icel. grdr.] [Written also grey.]

1. White mixed with black, as the color of pepper and salt, or of ashes, or of hair whitened by age; sometimes, a dark mixed color; as, the soft gray eye of a dove.

These gray and dun colors may be also produced by mixing whites and blacks. Sir I. Newton.

2. Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color; hoary.

3. Old; mature; as, gray experience. Ames. Gray antimony (Min.), stibnite. -- Gray buck (Zo\'94l.), the chickara. -- Gray cobalt (Min.), smaltite. -- Gray copper (Min.), tetrahedrite. -- Gray duck (Zo\'94l.), the gadwall; also applied to the female mallard. -- Gray falcon (Zo\'94l.) the peregrine falcon. -- Gray Friar. See Franciscan, and Friar. -- Gray hen (Zo\'94l.), the female of the blackcock or black grouse. See Heath grouse. -- Gray mill or millet (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Lithospermum; gromwell. -- Gray mullet (Zo\'94l.) any one of the numerous species of the genus Mugil, or family Mugilid&ae;, found both in the Old World and America; as the European species (M. capito, and M. auratus), the American striped mullet (M. albula), and the white or silver mullet (M. Braziliensis). See Mullet. -- Gray owl (Zo\'94l.), the European tawny or brown owl (Syrnium aluco). The great gray owl (Ulula cinerea) inhabits arctic America. -- Gray parrot (Zo\'94l.), a parrot (Psittacus erithacus), very commonly domesticated, and noted for its aptness in learning to talk. -- Gray pike. (Zo\'94l.) See Sauger. -- Gray snapper (Zo\'94l.), a Florida fish; the sea lawyer. See Snapper. -- Gray snipe (Zo\'94l.), the dowitcher in winter plumage. -- Gray whale (Zo\'94l.), a rather large and swift California whale (Rhachianectes glaucus), formerly taken in large numbers in the bays; -- called also grayback, devilfish, and hardhead.

Gray

Gray, n.

1. A gray color; any mixture of white and black; also, a neutral or whitish tint.

2. An animal or thing of gray color, as a horse, a badger, or a kind of salmon.

Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day. That coats thy life, my gallant gray. Sir W. Scott.

Grayback

Gray"back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The California gray whale. (b) The redbreasted sandpiper or knot. (c) The dowitcher. (d) The body louse.

Graybeard

Gray"beard` (?), n. An old man. Shak.

Grayfly

Gray"fly` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The trumpet fly. Milton.

Grayhound

Gray"hound` (-hound`), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Greyhound.

Grayish

Gray"ish, a. Somewhat gray.

Graylag

Gray"lag` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The common wild gray goose (Anser anser) of Europe, believed to be the wild form of the domestic goose. See Illust. of Goose.

Grayling

Gray"ling (?), n. [From Gray, a.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A European fish (Thymallus vulgaris), allied to the trout, but having a very broad dorsal fin; -- called also umber. It inhabits cold mountain streams, and is valued as a game fish.

And here and there a lusty trout, And here and there a grayling. Tennyson.

2. (Zo\'94l.) An American fish of the genus Thymallus, having similar habits to the above; one species (T. Ontariensis), inhabits several streams in Michigan; another (T. montanus), is found in the Yellowstone region.

Grayness

Gray"ness, n. The quality of being gray.

Gtraystone

Gtray"stone` (?), n. (Geol.) A grayish or greenish compact rock, composed of feldspar and augite, and allied to basalt.

Graywacke

Gray"wacke` (?), n. [G. grauwacke; grau gray + wacke wacke. See Gray, and Wacke, and cf. Grauwacke.] (Geol.) A conglomerate or grit rock, consisting of rounded pebbles sand firmly united together. &hand; This term, derved from the grauwacke of German miners, was formerly applied in geology to different grits and slates of the Silurian series; but it is now seldom used.

Graze

Graze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grazed (p. pr. & vb. n. Grazing.] [OE. grasen, AS. grasian, fr. gr?s grass. See Grass.]

1. To feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish pasture for.

A field or two to graze his cows. Swift.

2. To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat grass from (a pasture); to browse.

The lambs with wolves shall graze the verdant mead. Pope.

3. To tend (cattle, etc.) while grazing.

When Jacob grazed his uncle Laban's sheep. Shak.

4. To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing) in passing; as, the bullet grazed the wall.

Graze

Graze, v. i.

1. To eat grass; to feed on growing herbage; as, cattle graze on the meadows.

2. To yield grass for grazing. The ground cortinueth the wet, whereby it will never graze to purpose. Bacon.

3. To touch something lightly in passing.

Graze

Graze, n.

1. The act of grazing; the cropping of grass. [Colloq.]

Turning him out for a grace on the common. T. Hughes.

2. A light touch; a slight scratch.

Grazer

Graz"er (?), n. One that grazes; a creature which feeds on growing grass or herbage.
The cackling goose, Close grazer, finds wherewith to ease her want. J. Philips.

Grazier

Gra"zier (?), n. One who pastures cattle, and rears them for market.
The inhabitants be rather . . . graziers than plowmen. Stow.

Grazing

Graz"ing (?), n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, grazes.

2. A pasture; growing grass.

Grazioso

Gra"zi*o"so (?), adv. [It., adj. See Gracious.] (Mus.) Gracefully; smoothly; elegantly.

Gre

Gre (?), n. See Gree, a step. [Obs.]

Gre

Gre, n. See Gree, good will. [Obs.]

Grease

Grease (gres), n. [OE. grese, grece, F. graisse; akin to gras fat, greasy, fr. LL. grassus thick, fat, gross, L. crassus. Cf. Crass.]

1. Animal fat, as tallow or lard, especially when in a soft state; oily or unctuous matter of any kind.

2. (Far.) An inflammation of a horse's heels, suspending the ordinary greasy secretion of the part, and producing dryness and scurfiness, followed by cracks, ulceration, and fungous excrescences. Grease bush. (Bot.) Same as Grease wood (below). -- Grease moth (Zo\'94l.), a pyralid moth (Aglossa pinguinalis) whose larva eats greasy cloth, etc. -- Grease wood (Bot.), a scraggy, stunted, and somewhat prickly shrub (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) of the Spinach family, very abundant in alkaline valleys from the upper Missouri to California. The name is also applied to other plants of the same family, as several species of Atriplex and Obione.

Grease

Grease (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greased (grezd or gresd); p. pr. & vb. n. Greasing.]

1. To smear, anoint, or daub, with grease or fat; to lubricate; as, to grease the wheels of a wagon.

2. To bribe; to corrupt with presents.

The greased advocate that grinds the poor. Dryden.

3. To cheat or cozen; to overreach. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

4. (Ear.) To affect (a horse) with grease, the disease. To grease in the hand, to corrupt by bribes. Usher.

Greaser

Greas"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, greases; specifically, a person employed to lubricate the working parts of machinery, engines, carriages, etc.

2. A nickname sometimes applied in contempt to a Mexican of the lowest type. [Low, U. S.]

Greasily

Greas"i*ly (?), adv.

1. In a greasy manner.

2. In a gross or indelicate manner. [Obs.]

You talk greasily; your lips grow foul. Shak.

Greasiness

Greas"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being greasy, oiliness; unctuousness; grossness.

Greasy

Greas"y (?), a. [Compar. Greasier (

1. Composed of, or characterized by, grease; oily; unctuous; as, a greasy dish.

2. Smeared or defiled with grease.

With greasy aprons, rules, and hammers. Shak.

3. Like grease or oil; smooth; seemingly unctuous to the touch, as is mineral soapstone.

4. Fat of body; bulky. [R.] Shak.

5. Gross; indelicate; indecent. [Obs.] Marston.

6. (Far.) Affected with the disease called grease; as, the heels of a horse. See Grease, n., 2.

Great

Great (?), a. [Compar. Greater (; superl. Greatest.] [OE. gret, great, AS. gre?t; akin to OS. & LG. gr?t, D. groot, OHG. gr?z, G. gross. Cf. Groat the coin.]

1. Large in space; of much size; big; immense; enormous; expanded; -- opposed to small and little; as, a great house, ship, farm, plain, distance, length.

2. Large in number; numerous; as, a great company, multitude, series, etc.

3. Long continued; lengthened in duration; prolonged in time; as, a great while; a great interval.

4. Superior; admirable; commanding; -- applied to thoughts, actions, and feelings.

5. Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly gifted; able to accomplish vast results; strong; powerful; mighty; noble; as, a great hero, scholar, genius, philosopher, etc.

6. Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty: eminent; distingushed; formost; principal; as, great men; the great seal; the great marshal, etc.

He doth object I am too great of birth. Shak.

7. Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty; important; as, a great argument, truth, or principle.

8. Pregnant; big (with young).

The ewes great with young. Ps. lxxviii. 71.

9. More than ordinary in degree; very considerable in degree; as, to use great caution; to be in great pain.

We have all Great cause to give great thanks. Shak.

10. (Genealogy) Older, younger, or more remote, by single generation; -- often used before grand to indicate one degree more remote in the direct line of de scent; as, great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a grand- mother's father), great-grandson, etc. Great bear (Astron.), the constellation Ursa Major. -- Great cattle (Law), all manner of cattle except sheep and yearlings. Wharton. -- Great charter (Eng. Hist.), Magna Charta. -- Great circle of a sphere, a circle the plane of which passes through the center of the sphere. -- Great circle sailing, the process or art of conducting a ship on a great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc between two places. -- Great go, the final examination for a degree at the University of Oxford, England; -- called also greats. T. Hughes. -- Great guns. (Naut.) See under Gun. -- The Great Lakes the large fresh-water lakes (Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) which lie on the northern borders of the United States. -- Great master. Same as Grand master, under Grand. -- Great organ (Mus.), the largest and loudest of the three parts of a grand organ (the others being the choir organ and the swell, and sometimes the pedal organ or foot keys), It is played upon by a separate keyboard, which has the middle position. -- The great powers (of Europe), in modern diplomacy, Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, and Italy. -- Great primer. See under Type. -- Great scale (Mus.), the complete scale; -- employed to designate the entire series of musical sounds from lowest to highest. -- Great sea, the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black and the Mediterranean seas are so called. -- Great seal. (a) The principal seal of a kingdom or state. (b) In Great Britain, the lord chancellor (who is custodian of this seal); also, his office.<-- #sp in original, "Britain" was "Britian" --> -- Great tithes. See under Tithes. -- The great, the eminent, distinguished, or powerful. -- The Great Spirit, among the North American Indians, their chief or principal deity. -- To be great (with one), to be intimate or familiar (with him). Bacon.

Great

Great (?), n. The whole.; the gross; as, a contract to build a ship by the great.

Great-bellied

Great"-bel`lied (?), a. Having a great belly, bigbellied; pregnant; teeming. Shak.

Greatcoat

Great"coat" (?), n. An overcoat.

Greaten

Great"en (?), v. t. To make great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase in size; to expand. [R.]
A minister's [business] is to greaten and exalt [his king]. Ken.

Greaten

Great"en, v. i. To become large; to dilate. [R.]
My blue eyes greatening in the looking-glass. Mrs. Browning.

Great-grandchild

Great"-grand"child` (?), n. The child of one's grandson or granddaughter.

Great-granddaughter

Great"-grand"daugh`ter (?), n. [See Great, 10.] A daughter of one's grandson or granddaughter.

Great-grandfather

Great"-grand"fa`ther (?), n. [See Great, 10.] The father of one's grandfather or grandmother.

Great-grandmother

Great"-grand"moth`er (?), n. The mother of one's grandfather or grandmother.

Great-grandson

Great"-grand"son` (?), n. [See Great, 10.] A son of one's grandson or granddaughter.

Great-hearted

Great"-heart`ed (?), a.

1. High-spirited; fearless. [Obs.] Clarendon.

2. Generous; magnanimous; noble.

Great-heartedness

Great"-heart`ed*ness, n. The quality of being greathearted; high-mindedness; magnanimity.

Greatly

Great"ly, adv.

1. In a great degree; much.

I will greatly multiply thy sorrow. Gen. iii. 16.

2. Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously.

By a high fate thou greatly didst expire. Dryden.

Greatness

Great"ness, n. [AS. gre\'a0tnes.]

1. The state, condition, or quality of being great; as, greatness of size, greatness of mind, power, etc.

2. Pride; haughtiness. [Obs.]It is not of pride or greatness that he cometh not aboard your ships. Bacon.

Greave

Greave (?), n. A grove. [Obs.] Spenser.

Greave

Greave, n. [OF. greees; cf. Sp. grevas.] Armor for the leg below the knee; -- usually in the plural.

Greave

Greave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greaved (gr&emac;vd); p. pr. & vb. n. Greaving.] [From Greaves.] (Naut.) To clean (a ship's bottom); to grave.

Greaves

Greaves (gr&emac;vz), n. pl. [Cf. dial. Sw. grevar greaves, LG. greven, G. griebe, also AS. greofa pot. Cf. Gravy.] The sediment of melted tallow. It is made into cakes for dogs' food. In Scotland it is called cracklings. [Written also graves.]

Grebe

Grebe (gr&emac;b), n. [F. gr?be, fr. Armor. krib comb; akin to kriben crest, W. crib comb, crest. So called in allusion to the crest of one species.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several swimming birds or divers, of the genus Colymbus (formerly Podiceps), aud allied genera, found in the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.

Grecian

Gre"cian" (?), a. [Cf. Greek.] Of or pertaining to Greece; Greek. Grecian bend, among women, an affected carriage of the body, the upper part being inclined forward. [Collog.] -- Grecian fire. See Greek fire, under Greek.

Grecian

Gre"cian, n.

1. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek.

2. A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist. Acts vi. 1. &hand; The Greek word rendered Grecian in the Authorized Version of the New Testament is translated Grecian Jew in the Revised Version.

6. One well versed in the Greek language, literature, or history. De Quincey.

Grecism

Gre"cism (?), n. [Cf. F. gr\'82cisme.] An idiom of the Greek language; a Hellenism. Addison. <-- p. 649 most of page has no marks in etymology or in "as" sections (italics not marked) -->

Grecize

> Gre"cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grecized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grecizing.] [Cf. F. gr\'82ciser.]

1. To render Grecian; also, to cause (a word or phrase in another language) to take a Greek form; as, the name is Grecized. T. Warton.

2. To translate into Greek.

Grecize, Grecianize

> Gre"cize, Gre"cian*ize (, v. i. To conform to the Greek custom, especially in speech.

Greco-Roman

> Gre"co-Ro"man (?), a. Having characteristics that are partly Greek and partly Roman; as, Greco-Roman architecture.

Grecque

> Grecque (gr&ecr;k), n. [F.] An ornament supposed to be of Greek origin, esp. a fret or meander,

Gree

> Gree (?), n. [F. gr\'82. See Grateful, and cf. Agree.]

1. Good will; favor; pleasure; satisfaction; -- used esp. in such phrases as: to take in gree; to accept in gree; that is, to take favorably. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Accept in gree, my lord, the words I spoke. Fairfax.

2. Rank; degree; position. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

He is a shepherd great in gree. Spnser.

3. The prize; the honor of the day; as, to bear the gree, i. e., to carry off the prize. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

Gree

> Gree, v. i. [From Agree.] To agree. [Obs.] Fuller.

Gree

> Gree, n.; pl. Grees (gr&emac;z); obs. plurals Greece (gr&emac;s) Grice (gr?s or gr?s), Grise, Grize (gr?z or gr?z), etc. [OF. gr\'82, F. grade. See Grade.] A step.

Greece

> Greece (?), n. pl. See Gree a step. [Obs.]

Greed

> Greed (?), n. [Akin to Goth. gr?dus hunger, Icel. gr&amac;&edh;r. &root;34. See Greedy.] An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a greed of gain.

Greedily

> Greed"i*ly (?), adv. In a greedy manner.

Greediness

> Greed"i*ness, n. [AS gr?dignes.] The quality of being greedy; vehement and selfish desire.
Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness. Shak.
Syn.-- Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.

Greedy

> Greed"y (?), a. [Compar. Greedier (-&icr;-&etil;r); superl. Greediest.] [OE. gredi, AS. gr?dig, gr?dig; akin to D. gretig, OS. gr?dag, OHG. gr?tag, Dan. graadig, OSw. gradig, gr?dig, Icel. gra?ugr, Goth. gr?dags greedy, gr?d?n to be hungry; cf. Skr. grdh to be greedy. Cf. Greed.]

1. Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; very hungry; -- followed by of; as, a lion that is greedy of his prey.

2. Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently desirous; eager to obtain; avaricious; as, greedy of gain.

Greedy-gut

> Greed"y-gut" (?), n. A glutton. [Low] Todd.

Greegree

> Gree"gree" (?), n. An African talisman or Gri'gri' charm. A greegree man, an African magician or fetich priest.

Greek

> Greek (?), a. [AS. grec, L. Graecus, Gr. ?: cf. F. grec. Cf. Grecian.] Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian. Greek calends. See under Calends. -- Greek Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Eastern Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman or Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the established church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek Church is governed by patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine Church. -- Greek cross. See Illust. (10) Of Cross. -- Greek Empire. See Byzantine Empire. -- Greek fire, a combustible composition which burns under water, the constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur. Ure. -- Greek rose, the flower campion.

Greek

> Greek, n.

1. A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also, the language of Greece.

2. A swindler; a knave; a cheat. [Slang]

Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . . . offer many chances for the Greek. Sat. Rev.

3. Something unintelligible; as, it was all Greek to me. [Colloq.]

Greekess

> Greek"ess (?), n. A female Greek. [R.]

Greekish

> Greek"ish, a. [Cf. AS. Gr&emac;cisc.] Peculiar to Greece.

Greekling

> Greek"ling (?), n. A little Greek, or one of small esteem or pretensions. B. Jonson.

Green

> Green (?), a. [Compar. Greener (; superl. Greenest.] [OE. grene, AS. gr?ne; akin to D. groen, OS. gr?ni, OHG. gruoni, G. gr?n, Dan. & Sw. gr?n, Icel. gr?nn; fr. the root of E. grow. See Grow.]

1. Having the color of grass when fresh and growing; resembling that color of the solar spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue; verdant; emerald.

2. Having a sickly color; wan.

To look so green and pale. Shak.

3. Full of life aud vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent; as, a green manhood; a green wound.

As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against . . . the greenest usurpation. Burke.

4. Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; as, green fruit, corn, vegetables, etc.

5. Not roasted; half raw. [R.]

We say the meat is green when half roasted. L. Watts.

6. Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained; awkward; as, green in years or judgment.

I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that its green conceptions can instruct my gray hairs. Sir W. Scott.

7. Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; as, green wood, timber, etc. Shak. Green brier (Bot.), a thorny climbing shrub (Emilaz rotundifolia) having a yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of flowers, common in the United States; -- called also cat brier. -- Green con (Zo\'94l.), the pollock. -- Green crab (Zo\'94l.), an edible, shore crab (Carcinus menas) of Europe and America; -- in New England locally named joe-rocker. -- Green crop, a crop used for food while in a growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root crop, etc. -- Green diallage. (Min.) (a) Diallage, a variety of pyroxene. (b) Smaragdite. -- Green dragon (Bot.), a North American herbaceous plant (Aris\'91ma Dracontium), resembling the Indian turnip; -- called also dragon root. -- Green earth (Min.), a variety of glauconite, found in cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a pigment by artists; -- called also mountain green. -- Green ebony. (a) A south American tree (Jacaranda ovalifolia), having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work, and in dyeing. (b) The West Indian green ebony. See Ebony. -- Green fire (Pyrotech.), a composition which burns with a green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with some salt of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the color of the flame is due. -- Green fly (Zo\'94l.), any green species of plant lice or aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants. -- Green gage, (Bot.) See Greengage, in the Vocabulary. -- Green gland (Zo\'94l.), one of a pair of large green glands in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They have their outlets at the bases of the larger antenn\'91. -- Green hand, a novice. [Colloq.] -- Green heart (Bot.), the wood of a lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South America, used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and Guiana is the Nectandra Rodi\'d2i, that of Martinique is the Colubrina ferruginosa. -- Green iron ore (Min.) dufrenite. -- Green laver (Bot.), an edible seaweed (Ulva latissima); -- called also green sloke. -- Green lead ore (Min.), pyromorphite. -- Green linnet (Zo\'94l.), the greenfinch. -- Green looper (Zo\'94l.), the cankerworm. -- Green marble (Min.), serpentine. -- Green mineral, a carbonate of copper, used as a pigment. See Greengill. -- Green monkey (Zo\'94l.) a West African long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus callitrichus), very commonly tamed, and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced into the West Indies early in the last century, and has become very abundant there. -- Green salt of Magnus (Old Chem.), a dark green crystalline salt, consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of platinum. -- Green sand (Founding) molding sand used for a mold while slightly damp, and not dried before the cast is made. -- Green sea (Naut.), a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a vessel's deck. -- Green sickness (Med.), chlorosis. -- Green snake (Zo\'94l.), one of two harmless American snakes (Cyclophis vernalis, and C. \'91stivus). They are bright green in color. -- Green turtle (Zo\'94l.), an edible marine turtle. See Turtle. -- Green vitriol. (a) (Chem.) Sulphate of iron; a light green crystalline substance, very extensively used in the preparation of inks, dyes, mordants, etc. (b) (Min.) Same as copperas, melanterite and sulphate of iron. -- Green ware, articles of pottery molded and shaped, but not yet baked. -- Green woodpecker (Zo\'94l.), a common European woodpecker (Picus viridis); -- called also yaffle.

Green

> Green (gren), n.

1. The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum intermediate between the yellow and the blue.

2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage; as, the village green.

O'er the smooth enameled green. Milton.

3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; -- usually in the plural.

In that soft season when descending showers Call forth the greens, and wake the rising flowers. Pope.

4. pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets, etc., which in their green state are boiled for food.

5. Any substance or pigment of a green color. Alkali green (Chem.), an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green; -- called also Helvetia green.-- Berlin green. (Chem.) See under Berlin. -- Brilliant green (Chem.), a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green in composition. -- Brunswick green an oxychloride of copper. -- Chrome green. See under Chrome. -- Emerald green. (Chem.) (a) A complex basic derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green crystalline substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable fiber a brilliant green; -- called also aldehyde green, acid green, malachite green, Victoria green, solid green, etc. It is usually found as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate. (b) See Paris green (below). -- Gaignet's green (Chem.) a green pigment employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium. -- Methyl green (Chem.), an artificial rosaniline dyestuff, obtained as a green substance having a brilliant yellow luster; -- called also light-green. -- Mineral green. See under Mineral. -- Mountain green. See Green earth, under Green, a. -- Paris green (Chem.), a poisonous green powder, consisting of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate and arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a pigment for wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the potato bug; -- called also Schweinfurth green, imperial green, Vienna green, emerald qreen, and mitis green. -- Scheele's green (Chem.), a green pigment, consisting essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; -- called also Swedish green. It may enter into various pigments called parrot green, pickel green, Brunswick green, nereid green, or emerald green.

Green

> Green, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greened (great): p. pr. & vb. n. Greening.] To make green.
Great spring before Greened all the year. Thomson.
<-- THe Greening of America [Reich] -->

Green

> Green, v. i. To become or grow green. Tennyson.
By greening slope and singing flood. Whittier.

Greenback

> Green"back" (?), n. One of the legal tender notes of the United States; -- first issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back printed with green ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits.

Greenbacker

> Green"back"er (?), n. One of those who supported greenback or paper money, and opposed the resumption of specie payments. [Colloq. U. S.]

Greenbone

> Green"bone (?), n. [So named because the bones are green when boiled.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any garfish (Belone or Tylosurus). (b) The European eelpout.

Green-broom

> Green"-broom` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Genista (G. tinctoria); dyer's weed; -- called also greenweed.

Greencloth

> Green"cloth` (-kl&ocr;th`; 115), n. A board or court of justice formerly held in the counting house of the British sovereign's household, composed of the lord steward and his officers, and having cognizance of matters of justice in the household, with power to correct offenders and keep the peace within the verge of the palace, which extends two hundred yards beyond the gatees.

Greenery

> Green"er*y (?), n. Green plants; verdure.
A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in greenery. J. Ingelow.

Green-eyed

> Green"-eyed (?), a.

1. Having green eyes.

2. Seeing everything through a medium which discolors or distorts. "Green-eyed jealousy." Shak.

Greenfinch

> Green"finch` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)

1. A European finch (Ligurinus chloris); -- called also green bird, green linnet, green grosbeak, green olf, greeny, and peasweep.

2. The Texas sparrow (Embernagra rufivirgata), in which the general color is olive green, with four rufous stripes on the head.

Greenfish

> Green"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Bluefish, and Pollock.

Greengage

> Green"gage` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of plum of medium size, roundish shape, greenish flesh, and delicious flavor. It is called in France Reine Claude, after the queen of Francis I. See Gage.

Greengill

> Green"gill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An oyster which has the gills tinged with a green pigment, said to be due to an abnormal condition of the blood.

Greengrocer

> Green"gro`cer (?), n. A retailer of vegetables or fruits in their fresh or green state.

Greenhead

> Green"head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The mallard. (b) The striped bass. See Bass.

Greenhead, Greenhood

> Green"head (?), Green"hood (?), n. A state of greenness; verdancy. Chaucer.

Greenhorn

> Green"horn` (?), n. A raw, inexperienced person; one easily imposed upon. W. Irving.

Greenhouse

> Green"house` (?), n. A house in which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered from the weather.

Greening

> Green"ing, n. A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which the Rhode Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid flesh and its excellent keeping quality.

Greenish

> Green"ish, a. Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as, a greenish yellow. -- Green"ish*ness, n.

Greenlander

> Green"land*er (?), n. A native of Greenland.

Green-leek

> Green"-leek` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Australian parrakeet (Polytelis Barrabandi); -- called also the scarlet-breasted parrot.

Greenlet

> Green"let (?), n. l. (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species of small American singing birds, of the genus Vireo, as the solitary, or blue-headed (Vireo solitarius); the brotherly-love (V. Philadelphicus); the warbling greenlet (V. gilvus); the yellow-throated greenlet (V. flavifrons) and others. See Vireo.

2. (Zo\'94l,) Any species of Cyclorhis, a genus of tropical American birds allied to the tits.

Greenly

> Green"ly, adv. With a green color; newly; freshly, immaturely. -- a. Of a green color. [Obs.]

Greenness

> Green"ness, n. [AS. gr?nnes. See Green.]

1. The quality of being green; viridity; verdancy; as, the greenness of grass, or of a meadow.

2. Freshness; vigor; newness.

3. Immaturity; unripeness; as, the greenness of fruit; inexperience; as, the greenness of youth.

Greenockite

> Green"ock*ite (?), n. [Named after Lord Greenock.] (Min.) Native cadmium sulphide, a mineral occurring in yellow hexagonal crystals, also as an earthy incrustation.

Greenroom

> Green"room` (gr&emac;n"room`), n. The retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater.

Greensand

> Green"sand` (-s, n. (Geol.) A variety of sandstone, usually imperfectly consolidated, consisting largely of glauconite, a silicate of iron and potash of a green color, mixed with sand and a trace of phosphate of lime. &hand;Greensand is often called marl, because it is a useful fertilizer. The greensand beds of the American Cretaceous belong mostly to the Upper Cretaceous.

Greenshank

> Green"shank` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A European sandpiper or snipe (Totanus canescens); -- called also greater plover.

Green-stall

> Green"-stall` (?), n. A stall at which greens and fresh vegetables are exposed for sale.

Greenstone

> Green"stone` (gr&emac;n"st&omac;n`), n. [So called from a tinge of green in the color.] (Geol.) A name formerly applied rather loosely to certain dark-colored igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc.

Greensward

> Green"sward` (-sward') n. Turf green with grass.

Greenth

> Greenth (gr&emac;nth), n. [Cf. Growth.] The state or quality of being green; verdure. [R.]
The greenth of summer. G. Eliot.

Greenweed

> Green"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Greenbroom.

Greenwood

> Green"wood` (?), n. A forest as it appears is spring and summer.

Greenwood

> Green"wood`, a. Pertaining to a greenwood; as, a greenwood shade. Dryden.

Greet

> Greet (?), a. Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Greet

> Greet, v. i. [OE. greten, AS. gr?tan, gr?lan; akin to Icel. grata, Sw. gi?ta, Dan. gr?de, Goth. gr?ctan; cf. Skr. hr?d to sound, roar. &root;50.] To weep; to cry; to lament. [Obs. or Scot.] [Written also greit.] Spenser.

Greet

> Greet, n. Mourning. [Obs.] Spenser.

Greet

> Greet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Greeting.] [OE. greten, AS. gr?tan to address, approach; akin to OS. gr, LG\'3e gr\'94ten, D. groeten, OHG. gruozzen, G. gr\'81ssen. &root;50.]

1. To address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay respects or compliments to, either personally or through the intervention of another, or by writing or token.

My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you. Shak.

2. To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the heart glad.

In vain the spring my senses greets. Addison.

3. To accost; to address. Pope. <-- p. 650 Needs proof-reading . . . the etymologies and other italics are not marked -->

Greet

> Greet (?), v. i. To meet and give salutations.
There greet in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep in peace. Shak.

Greet

> Greet, n. Greeting. [Obs.] F. Beaumont.

Greeter

> Greet"er (?), n. One who greets or salutes another.

Greeter

> Greet"er, n. One who weeps or mourns. [Obs.]

Greeting

> Greet"ing, n. Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; a compliment from one absent.
Write to him . . . gentle adieus and greetings. Shak. Syn. -- Salutation; salute; compliment.

Greeve

> Greeve (?), n. See Grieve, an overseer.

Greeze

> Greeze (?), n. A step. See Gree, a step. [Obs.]
The top of the ladder, or first greeze, is this. Latimer.

Greffier

> Gref"fi*er (?), n. [F., from LL. grafarius, graphiarius, fr. L. graphium, a writing style; cf. F. greffe a record office. See Graft, and cf. Graffer.] A registrar or recorder; a notary. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Gregal

> Gre"gal (?), a. [L. gregalis, fr. grex, gregis, herd.] Pertaining to, or like, a flock.
For this gregal conformity there is an excuse. W. S. Mayo.

Gregarian

> Gre*ga"ri*an (?), a. Gregarious; belonging to the herd or common sort; common. [Obs.] "The gregarian soldiers." Howell.

\d8Gregarin\91

> \"d8Greg`a*ri"n\"91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gregarina the typical genus, fr. L. gregarius. See Gregarious.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Protozoa, allied to the Rhizopoda, and parasitic in other animals, as in the earthworm, lobster, etc. When adult, they have a small, wormlike body inclosing a nucleus, but without external organs; in one of the young stages, they are am\'d2biform; -- called also Gregarinida, and Gregarinaria.

Gregarine

> Greg"a*rine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Gregarin\'91. -- n. One of the Gregarin\'91.

\d8Gregarinida

> \"d8Greg`a*rin"i*da (?) Gregarin\'91.

Gregarious

> Gre*ga"ri*ous (?), a. [L. gregarius, fr. grex, gregis, herd; cf. Gr. jar to approach. Cf. Congregate, Egregious.] Habitually living or moving in flocks or herds; tending to flock or herd together; not habitually solitary or living alone. Burke.
No birds of prey are gregarious. Ray.
<-- 2. (of people) enjoying companionship; sociable; not solitary. 3. (of plants) growing in clusters. --> -- Gre*ga"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Gre-ga'ri-ous-ness, n.

Grege

> Grege (?), Greg"ge (
, v. t. [OE. gregier to burden.] To make heavy; to increase. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Greggoe, Grego

> Greg"goe (?), Gre"go (?), n. [Prob. fr, It. Greco Greek, or Sp. Griego, or Pg. Grego.] A short jacket or cloak, made of very thick, coarse cloth, with a hood attached, worn by the Greeks and others in the Levant. [Written also griego.]

Gregorian

> Gre*go"ri*an (?), a. [NL. Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius Gregory, Gr. gr\'82gorien.] Pertaining to, or originated by, some person named Gregory, especially one of the popes of that name. Gregorian calendar, the calendar as reformed by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, including the method of adjusting the leap years so as to harmonize the civil year with the solar, and also the regulation of the time of Easter and the movable feasts by means of epochs. See Gregorian year (below). -- Gregorian chant (Mus.), plain song, or canto fermo, a kind of unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated church modes, as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I. (called "the Great") in the 6th century. -- Gregorian modes, the musical scales ordained by Pope Gregory the Great, and named after the ancient Greek scales, as Dorian, Lydian, etc. -- Gregorian telescope (Opt.), a form of reflecting telescope, named from Prof. James Gregory, of Edinburgh, who perfected it in 1663. A small concave mirror in the axis of this telescope, having its focus coincident with that of the large reflector, transmits the light received from the latter back through a hole in its center to the eyepiece placed behind it. -- Gregorian year, the year as now reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, of the current reckoning, which is divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100 aud not by 400, has 366 days; all other years have 365 days. See Bissextile, and Note under Style, n., 7.

Greillade

> Greil"lade (?), n. (Metal.) Iron ore in coarse powder, prepared for reduction by the Catalan process.

Greisen

> Grei"sen (?), n. (Min.) A crystalline rock consisting of quarts and mica, common in the tin regions of Cornwall and Saxony.

Greit

> Greit (?), v. i. See Greet, to weep.

Greith

> Greith (?), v. t. [Icel. grct?a: cf. AS. ger?dan to arrange; pref. ge- + r ready. Cf. Ready.] To make ready; -- often used reflexively. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Greith

> Greith, n. [Icel. grci?i. See Greith, v.] Goods; furniture. [Obs.] See Graith.

Gremial

> Gre"mi*al (?), a. [L. gremium lap, bosom.] Of or pertaining to the lap or bosom. [R.]

Gremial

> Gre"mi*al, n.

1. A bosom friend. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. (Ecol.) A cloth, often adorned with gold or silver lace, placed on the bishop's lap while he sits in celebrating mass, or in ordaining priests.

Grenade

> Gre*nade" (?), n. [F. grenade a pomegranate, a grenade, or Sp. granada; orig., filled with seeds. So called from the resemblanse of its shape to a pomegranate. See Carnet, Grain a kernel, and cf. Pomegranate.] (Min.) A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with powder of other explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown from the hand among enemies. Hand grenade. (a) A small grenade of iron or glass, usually about two and a half inches in diameter, to be thrown from the hand into the head of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon besiegers mounting a breach. (b) A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a glass bottle containing water and gas. It is thrown into the flames. Called also fire grenade. Rampart grenades, grenades of various sizes, which, when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a trough.

Grenadier

> Gren`a*dier" (?), n. [F. grenadier. See Grenade.]

1. (Mil.) Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw grenades; afterward, one of a company attached to each regiment or battalion, taking post on the right of the line, and wearing a peculiar uniform. In modern times, a member of a special regiment or corps; as, a grenadier of the guard of Napoleon I. one of the regiment of Grenadier Guards of the British army, etc.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any marine fish of the genus Macrurus, in which the body and tail taper to a point; they mostly inhabit the deep sea; -- called also onion fish, and rat-tail fish.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A bright-colored South African grosbeak (Pyromelana orix), having the back red and the lower parts black.

Grenadillo

> Gren`a*dil"lo (?), n. [Sp. granadillo.] A handsome tropical American wood, much used for making flutes and other wind instruments; -- called also Grenada cocos, or cocus, and red ebony.

Grenadine

> Gren`a*dine" (?), n. [F.]

1. A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for women's wear.

2. A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting essentially of impure fuchsine. <-- 3. a liqueur -->

Grenado

> Gre*na"do (?), n. Same as Grenade.

Grene

> Grene (?), a. Green. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gres

> Gres (?), n. Grass. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gressorial, Gressorious

> Gres*so"ri*al (?), Gres*so"ri*ous (?), a. [L. gressus, p. p. of gradi to step, go.] (Zool.) Adapted for walking; anisodactylous; as the feet of certain birds and insects. See Illust. under Aves.

Gret, Grete

> Gret (?), Grete (
, a. Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gretto

> Gret"to (?), obs. imp. of Greet, to salute.

Greve

> Greve (?), n. A grove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Grew

> Grew (?), imp. of Grow.

Grewsome, Grue'some

> Grew"some (?), Grue'some
, a. [From a word akin to Dan. gru horror, terror + -some; cf. D. gruwzaam, G. grausam. Cf. Grisly.] Ugly; frightful.
Grewsome sights of war. C. Kingsley.

Grey

> Grey (?), a. See Gray (the correct orthography).

Greyhound

> Grey"hound` (?), n. [OE. graihund, greihound, greahund, grihond, Icel. greyhundr; grey greyhound + hundr dog; cf. AS. gr?ghund. The origin of the first syllable is unknown.] A slender, graceful breed of dogs, remarkable for keen sight and swiftness. It is one of the oldest varieties known, and is figured on the Egyptian monuments. [Written also grayhound.]

Greylag

> Grey"lag` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Graylag.

Gribble

> Grib"ble (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. grib to bite.] (Zo\'94l.) A small marine isopod crustacean (Limnoria lignorum or L. terebrans), which burrows into and rapidly destroys submerged timber, such as the piles of wharves, both in Europe and America.

Grice

> Grice (?), n. [OE. gris, grise; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. gr?ss, Sw. gris, Dan. grus, also Gr. ?, Skr. ghrshvi, boar. Cf. Grise, Griskin.] A little pig. [Written also grise.] [Scot.]

Grice

> Grice (?), n. See Gree, a step. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Grid

> Grid (?), n. A grating of thin parallel bars, similar to a gridiron.

Griddle

> Grid"dle (?), n. [OE. gredil, gredl, gridel, of Celtic origin; cf. W. greidell, Ir. greideal, greideil, griddle, gridiron, greadaim I burn, scorch. Cf. Gridiron.]

1. An iron plate or pan used for cooking cakes.

2. A sieve with a wire bottom, used by miners.

Griddlecake

> Grid"dle*cake` (?), n. A cake baked or fried on a griddle, esp. a thin batter cake, as of buckwheat or common flour.

Gride

> Gride (?), e. i. [imp. & p. p. Grided; p. pr. & vb. n. Griding.] [For gird, properly, to strike with a rod. See Yard a measure, and cf. Grid to strike, sneer.] To cut with a grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or pierce harshly; as, the griding sword. Milton.
That through his thigh the mortal steel did gride. Spenser.

Grade

> Grade, n. A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.
The grade of hatchets fiercely thrown. On wigwam log, and tree, and stone. Whittier.

Gridelin

> Grid"e*lin (?), n. [F. gris de lin gray of flax, flax gray.] A color mixed of white, and red, or a gray violet. [Written also gredaline, grizelin.] Dryden.

Gridiron

> Grid"i`ron (?), n. [OE. gredire, gredirne, from tthe same source as E. griddle, but the ending wass confused with E. iron. See Griddle.]

1. A grated iron utensil for broiling flesh and fish over coals.

2. (Naut.) An openwork frame on which vessels are placed for examination, cleaning, and repairs. <--

3. (Sport) A football field. --> Gridiron pendulum. See under Pendulum. -- Gridiron valve (Steam Engine), a slide valve with several parallel perforations corresponding to openings in the seat on which the valve moves.

Grief

> Grief (?), n. [OE. grief, gref, OF. grief, gref, F. grief, L. gravis heavy; akin to Gr. ?, Skr. guru, Goth. ka?rus. Cf. Barometer, Grave, a., Grieve, Gooroo.]

1. Pain of mind on account of something in the past; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends, misconduct of one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness.

The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . . that she died for grief of it. Addison.

2. Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or distresses; trial; grievance.

Be factious for redress of all these griefs. Shak.

3. Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady. [R.]

This grief (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of that famous mathematician, Mr. Harriot. Wood.
To come to grief, to meet with calamity, accident, defeat, ruin, etc., causing grief; to turn out badly. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial; grievance. Grief, Sorrow, Sadness. Sorrow is the generic term; grief is sorrow for some definite cause -- one which commenced, at least, in the past; sadness is applied to a permanent mood of the mind. Sorrow is transient in many cases; but the grief of a mother for the loss of a favorite child too often turns into habitual sadness. "Grief is sometimes considered as synonymous with sorrow; and in this case we speak of the transports of grief. At other times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful affections, such as are inspired by domestic calamities, particularly by the loss of friends and relatives, or by the distress, either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we love and value." Cogan.See Affliction.

Griefful

> Grief"ful (?), a. Full of grief or sorrow. Sackvingle.

Griefless

> Grief"less, a. Without grief. Huloet.

Griego

> Grie"go (?), n. See Greggoe.

Grievable

> Griev"a*ble (?), a. Lamentable. [Obs.]

Griev'ance

> Griev'ance (?), n. [OF. grcvance. See Grieve, v. t.]

1. A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and suffered; that which gives ground for remonstrance or resistance, as arising from injustice, tyranny, etc.; injury.

2. Grieving; grief; affliction.

The . . . grievance of a mind unreasonably yoked. Milton.
Syn. -- Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.

Grievancer

> Griev"an*cer (?), n. One who occasions a grievance; one who gives ground for complaint. [Obs.]
Petition . . . against the bishops as grand grievancers. Fuller.

Grieve, Greeve

> Grieve (?), Greeve
, n. [AS. ger. Cf. Reeve an officer.] A manager of a farm, or overseer of any work; a reeve; a manorial bailiff. [Scot.]
Their children were horsewhipped by the grieve. Sir W. Scott.

Grieve

> Grieve (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grieved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grieving.] [OE. greven, OF. grever, fr. L. gravare to burden, oppress, fr. gravis heavy. See Grief.]

1. To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities of; to make sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to affect; to hurt; to try.

Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God. Eph. iv. 30.
The maidens grieved themselves at my concern. Cowper,

2. To sorrow over; as, to grieve one's fate. [R.]

Grieve

> Grieve, v. i. To feel grief; to be in pain of mind on account of an evil; to sorrow; to mourn; -- often followed by at, for, or over.
Do not you grieve at this. Shak.

Griever

> Griev"er (?), n. One who, or that which, grieves.

Grieving

> Griev"ing, a. Sad; sorrowful; causing grief. -- n. The act of causing grief; the state of being grieved. -- Griev'ing-ly, adv. Shak.

Grievous

> Griev"ous (?), a. [OF. grevous, grevos, LL. gravosus. See Grief.]

1. Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear; offensive; harmful.

The famine was grievous in the land. Gen. xii. 10.
The thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight. Gen. xxi 11.

2. Characterized by great atrocity; heinous; aggravated; flagitious; as, a grievous sin. Gen. xviii. 20.

3. Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great sorrow or affliction; as, a grievous cry. -- Griev"ous*ly, adv. -- Griev"ous*ness, n.

Griff

> Griff (?), n. [Cf. Gripe.]

1. Grasp; reach. [Obs.]

A vein of gold ore within one spade's griff. Holland.

2. [Cf. F. griffe, G. griff, prop., a grasping.] (Weaving) An arrangement of parallel bars for lifting the hooked wires which raise the warp threads in a loom for weaving figured goods. Knight.

Griffe

> Griffe (?), n. [F.] The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro; also, a mulatto. [Local, U. S.]

Griffin

> Grif"fin (?), n. An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe. H. Kingsley.

Griffin, Griffon

> Grif"fin (?), Grif"fon (?), n. [OE. griffin, griffon, griffoun, F. griffon, fr. L. gryphus, equiv to gryps, Gr.

1. (Myth.) A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman works of art.

2. (Her.) A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A species of large vulture (Gyps fulvus) found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; -- called also gripe, and grype. It is supposed to be the "eagle" of the Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also gryphon.]


Page 651

4. An English early apple.

Grig

Grig (?), n. [Cf. Sw. kr\'84k little creature, reptile; or D. kriek cricket, E. cricket.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A cricket or grasshopper. [Prov. Eng.] (b) Any small eel. (c) The broad-nosed eel See Glut. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Heath. [Prov. Eng.] Audrey. As merry as a grig [etymology uncertain], a saying supposed by some to be a corruption of "As merry as a Greek; " by others, to be an allusion to the cricket.

Gril

Gril (?), a. [OE. gril harsh; akin to G. grell offending the ear or eye, shrill, dazzling, MHG. grel angry; cf. AS. gallan to provoke.] Harah; hard; severe; stern; rough. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Grill

Grill, n. [F. gril. See Grill, v. t.]

1. A gridiron.

[They] make grills of [wood] to broil their meat. Cotton.

2. That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat, fish, etc.

Grill

Grill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grilling.] [F. griller, fr. gril gridiron, OF. gra\'8bl, L. craticulum for craticula fine hurdlework, a small gridiron, dim. of crates hurdle. See Grate, n.]

1. To broil on a grill or gridiron. Boiling of men in caldrons, grilling them on gridirons. Marvell.

2. To torment, as if by broiling. Dickens.

Grillade

Gril*lade" (, n. [F. See Grill, v. t.] The act of grilling; also, that which is grilled.

Grillage

Gril"lage (?), n. [F.] (Hydraulic Eagin.) A framework of sleepers and crossbeams forming a foundation in marshy or treacherous soil.

Grille

Grille (?), a. [F. See Grill, v. t.] A lattice or grating.
The grille which formed part of the gate. L. Oliphant.

Grilly

Gril"ly (?), v. t. [See Grill, v. t.] To broil; to grill; hence, To harass. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Grilse

Grilse (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A young salmon after its first return from the sea.

Grim

Grim (?), a. [Compar. Grimmer (-mer); superl. Grimmest (.] [AS. grim; akin to G. grimm, equiv. to G. & D. grimmig, Dan. grim, grum, Sw. grym, Icel. grimmr, G. gram grief, as adj., hostile; cf. Gr. Of forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect; fierce; stern; surly; cruel; frightful; horrible.
Whose grim aspect sets every joint a-shaking. Shak
.
The ridges of grim war. Milton.
Syn.-- Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible; frightful; ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen; sour.

Grimace

Gri*mace" (?), n. [F., prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. AS. gr mask, specter, Ical. gr mask, hood, perh. akin to E. grin.] A distortion of the countenance, whether habitual, from affectation, or momentary aad occasional, to express some feeling, as contempt, disapprobation, complacency, etc.; a smirk; a made-up face.
Moving his face into such a hideons grimace, that every feature of it appeared under a different distortion. Addison.
&hand; "Half the French words used affectedly by Melantha in Dryden's "Marriage a-la-Mode," as innovations in our language, are now in common usa: chagrin, double--entendre, \'82claircissement, embarras, \'82quivoque, foible, grimace, na\'8bvete, ridicule. All these words, which she learns by heart to use occasionally, are now in common use." I. Disraeli.

Grimace

Gri*mace", v. i. To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make faces. H. Martineau.

Grimaced

Gri*maced" (?), a. Distorted; crabbed.

Grimalkin

Gri*mal"kin (?), n. [For graymalkin; gray + malkin.] An old cat, esp. a she-cat. J. Philips.

Grime

Grime (?), n. [Cf. Dan. grim, griim, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel. gr mask, sort of hood, OD. grijmsel, grimsel, soot, smut, and E. grimace.] Foul matter; dirt, rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply ingrained.

Grime

Grime, v. t. To sully or soil deeply; to dirt. Shak.

Grimily

Grim"i*ly (?), adv. In a grimy manner.

Griminess

Grim"i*ness n. The state of being grimy.

Grimly

Grim"ly (?), a. Grim; hideous; stern. [R.]
In glided Margaret's grimly ghost, And stood at William's feet. D. Mallet.

Grimly

Grim"ly, adv. In a grim manner; fiercely. Shak.

Grimme

Grimme (?), n. [Cf. F. grimme.] (Zo\'94l.) A West African antelope (Cephalophus rufilotus) of a deep bay color, with a broad dorsal stripe of black; -- called also conquetoon.

Grimness

Grim"ness (?), n. [AS. grimnes.] Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness; forbiddingness.

Grimsir

Grim"sir (?), n. A stern man. [Obs.] Burton.

Grimy

Grim"y (?), a. [Compar. Grimier (?); superl. Grimiest.] Full of grime; begrimed; dirty; foul.

Grin

Grin (?), n. [AS. grin.] A snare; a gin. [Obs.]
Like a bird that hasteth to his grin. Remedy of Love.

Grin

Grin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grinning.] [OE. grinnen, grennen, AS. grennian, Sw. grina; akin to D. grijnen, G. greinen, OHG. grinan, Dan. grine. Groan.]

1. To show the teeth, as a dog; to shsrl.

2. To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter, acorn, or pain.

The pangs of death do make him grin. Shak.

Grin

Grin, v. t. To express by grinning.
Grinned horrible a ghastly smile.Milton.

Grin

Grin, n. The act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth; a hard, forced, or smeering smile. I.Watts.
He showed twenty teeth at a grin. Addison.

Grind

Grind (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ground (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grinding.] [AS. grindan; perh. akin to L. frendere to gnash, grind. Cf. Grist.]

1. To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as by the action of millstones.

Take the millstones, and grind meal. Is. xivii. 2.

2. To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make smooth, sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill; to rub against one another, as teeth, etc.

3. To oppress by severe exactions; to harass.

To grind the subject or defraud the prince. Dryden.

4. To study hard for examination. [College Slang]

Grind

Grind (?), v. i.

1. To perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the millstones.

Send thee Into the common prison, there to grind. Milton.

2. To become ground or pulverized by friction; as, this corn grinds well.

3. To become polished or sharpened by friction; as, glass grinds smooth; steel grinds to a sharp edge.

4. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.

5. To perform hard aud distasteful service; to drudge; to study hard, as for an examination. Farrar.

Grind

Grind, n.

1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.

2. Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and uninteresting study. [Colloq.] T. Hughes.

3. A hard student; a dig. [College Slang]

Grinded

Grind"ed, obs. p. p. of Grind. Ground. Sir W. Scott.

Grindelia

Grin*de"li*a (?), n. [NL. Named after D. H. Grindel, a Russian.] (Med.) The dried stems and leaves of tarweed (Grindelia), used as a remedy in asthma and bronchitis.

Grinder

Grind"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, grinds.

2. One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the food; a molar.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The restless flycatcher (Seisura inquieta) of Australia; -- called also restless thrush and volatile thrush. It makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to which the name alludes. Grinder's asthma, phthisis, ∨ rot (Med.), a lung disease produced by the mechanical irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off in the operation of grinding.

Grindery

Grind"er*y (?), n. Leather workers' materials. [Eng.] Grindery warehouse, a shop where leather workers' materials and tools are kept on sale. [Eng.]

Grinding

Grind"ing, a. & n. from Grind. Grinding frame, an English name for a cotton spinning machine. -- Grinding mill. (a) A mill for grinding grain. (b) A lapidary's lathe.

Grindingly

Grind"ing*ly, adv. In a grinding manner. [Colloq.]

Grindle

Grin"dle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The bowfin; -- called also Johnny Grindle. [Local, U. S.]

Grindle stone

Grin"dle stone" (?). A grindstone. [Obs.]

Grindlet

Grind"let (?), n. A small drain.

Grindstone

Grind"stone` (?), n. A flat, circular stone, revolving on an axle, for grinding or sharpening tools, or shaping or smoothing objects. To hold, pat, ∨ bring one's nose to the grindstone, to oppress one; to keep one in a condition of servitude.
They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to suffer the Laced\'91monians to hold their noses to the grindstone. Sir T. North.

Grinner

Grin"ner (?), n. One who grins. Addison.

Grinningly

Grin"ning*ly, adv. In a grinning manner.

Grint

Grint (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Grind, contr. from grindeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Grinte

Grin"te (?), obs. imp. of Grin, v. i., 1.
[He] grinte with his teeth, so was he wroth. Chaucer.

Grinting

Grint"ing (?), n. Grinding. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Grip

Grip (?), n. [L. gryps, gryphus. See Griffin, Grype.] (Zo\'94l.) The griffin. [Obs.]

Grip

Grip, n. [Cf. AS. grip furrow, hitch, D. greb.] A small ditch or furrow. Ray.

Grip

Grip, v. t. To trench; to drain.

Grip

Grip, n. [AS. gripe. Cf. Grip, v. t., Gripe, v. t.]

1. An energetic or tenacious grasp; a holding fast; strength in grasping.

2. A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which members of a secret association recognize or greet, one another; as, a masonic grip.

3. That by which anything is grasped; a handle or gripe; as, the grip of a sword.

4. A device for grasping or holding fast to something.

Grip

Grip, v. t. [From Grip a grasp; or P. gripper to seize; -- of German origin. See Gripe, v. t.] To give a grip to; to grasp; to gripe.

Gripe

Gripe (?), n. [See Grype.] (Zo\'94l.) A vulture; the griffin. [Obs.]
Like a white hind under the gripe's sharp claws. Shak.
Gripe's egg, an alchemist's vessel. [Obs.] E. Jonson.

Gripe

Gripe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Griped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Griping.] [AS. gripan; akin to D. grijpen, G. greifen, OHG. gr, Icel. gripa, Sw. gripe, Dan. gribe, Goth. greipan; cf. Lith. graibyti, Russ. grabite to plunder, Skr. grah, grabh, to seize. Cf. Grip, v. t., Grope.]

1. To catch with the hand; to clasp closely with the fingers; to clutch.

2. To seize and hold fast; to embrace closely.

Wouldst thou gripe both gain and pleasure ? Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause pinching and spasmodic pain to the bowels of, as by the effects of certain purgative or indigestible substances.

How inly sorrow gripes his soul. Shak.

Gripe

Gripe, v. i.

1. To clutch, hold, or pinch a thing, esp. money, with a gripe or as with a gripe.

2. To suffer griping pains. Jocke.

3. (Naut.) To tend to come up into the wind, as a ship which, when sailing closehauled, requires constant labor at the helm. R. H. Dana, Jr. <-- 4. to complain -->

Gripe

Gripe, n.

1. Grasp; seizure; fast hold; clutch.

A barren scepter in my gripe. Shak.

2. That on which the grasp is put; a handle; a grip; as, the gripe of a sword.

3. (Mech.) A device for grasping or holding anything; a brake to stop a wheel.

4. Oppression; cruel exaction; affiction; pinching distress; as, the gripe of poverty.

5. Pinching and spasmodic pain in the intestines; -- chiefly used in the plural.

6. (Naut.) (a) The piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore end; the forefoot. (b) The compass or sharpness of a ship's stern under the water, having a tendency to make her keep a good wind. (c) pl. An assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks, fastened to ringbolts in the deck, to secure the boats when hoisted; also, broad bands passed around a boat to secure it at the davits and prevent swinging. Gripe penny, a miser; a niggard<-- ; a pinchpenny? -->. D. L. Mackenzie.

Gripeful

Gripe"ful (?), a. Disposed to gripe; extortionate.

Griper

Grip"er (?), a. One who gripes; an oppressor; an extortioner. Burton.

Gripingly

Grip"ing*ly (?), adv. In a griping or oppressive manner. Bacon.

Griman

Gri"man (?), n. The man who manipulates a grip.

Grippe

Grippe (?), n. [F.] (Med.) The influenza or epidemic catarrh. Dunglison.

Gripper

Grip"per (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, grips or seizes.

2. pl. In printing presses, the fingers or nippers.

Gripple

Grip"ple (?), n. A grasp; a gripe. [Obs.] Spenser.

Gripple

Grip"ple, a. [Dim. fr. gripe.] Griping; greedy; covetous; tenacious. [Obs.] Spenser.

Grippleness

Grip"ple*ness, n. The quality of being gripple. [Obs.]

Gripsack

Grip"sack` (?), n. A traveler's handbag. [Colloq.]

Gris

Gris (?), a. [OF. & F., fr. LL. griseus; of German origin; cf. MHG. gris, G. greis, hoary. Cf. Grizzle.] Gray. [R.] Chaucer.

Gris

Gris (?), n. [OF., fr. gris gray. Cf. G. grauwerk (lit. gray work) the gray skin of the Siberian squirrel. See Gris, a.] A costly kind of fur. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gris

Gris (gr&icr;s), n. sing. & pl. [See Grice a pig.] A little pig. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Grisaille

Gri"saille` (?), n. [F., from gris gray.]

1. (Fine Arts) Decorative painting in gray monochrome; -- used in English especially for painted glass.

2. A kind of French fancy dress goods. Knight.

Grisamber

Gris"am`ber (?), n. [See Ambergris.] Ambergris. [Obs.] Milton.

Grise

Grise (gr&imac;s), n. See Grice, a pig. [Prov. Eng.]

Grise

Grise (gr&imac;s ∨ gr&emac;s), n. [Prop. pl. of gree a step.] A step (in a flight of stairs); a degree. [Obs.]
Every grise of fortune Is smoothed by that below. Shak.

Griseous

Gris"e*ous (?), a. [LL. griseus. See Gris.] Of a light color, or white, mottled with black or brown; grizzled or grizzly. Maunder.

Grisette

Gri*sette" (?), n. [F., fr. grisette a gray woolen cloth, fr. gris gray. Grisettes were so called because they wore gray gowns made of this stuff. See Gars.] A French girl or young married woman of the lower class; more frequently, a young working woman who is fond of gallantry. Sterne.

Griskin

Gris"kin (?), n. [Grise a pig + -kin.] The spine of a hog. [Obs.]

Grisled

Gri"sled (?), a. [Obs.] See Grizzled.

Grisliness

Gris"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being grisly; horrid. Sir P. Sidney.

Grisly

Gris"ly (?), a. [OE, grisly, grislich, AS. grislic, gryslic, fr. gro shudder; cf. OD. grijselick horrible, OHG. grisenl?ch, and also AS. gre?san to frighten, and E. gruesome.] Frightful; horrible; dreadful; harsh; as, grisly locks; a grisly specter. "Grisly to behold." Chaucer.
A man of grisly and stern gravity. Robynson (More's Utopia).
Grisly bear. (Zo\'94l.) See under Grizzly.

Grison

Gri"son (?), n. [F., fr. grison gray, gray-haired, gris gray. See Gris.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A South American animal of the family Mustelidae (Galictis vittata). It is about two feet long, exclusive of the tail. Its under parts are black. Also called South American glutton. (b) A South American monkey (Lagothrix infumatus), said to be gluttonous.

Grisons

Gri"sons (?), n. pl. [F.] (Geog.) (a) Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss Alps. (b) sing. The largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons.

Grist

Grist (?), n. [AS. grist, fr. grindan. See Grind.]

1. Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces.

Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store. Tusser. Q.

2. Supply; provision. Swift.

3. In rope making, a given size of rope, common grist being a rope three inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three strands. Knight. All is grist that comes to his mill, all that he has anything to do with is a source of profit. [Colloq.] -- To bring grist to the maill, to bring profitable business into one's hands; to be a source of profit. [Colloq.] Ayliffe.

Gristle

Gris"tle (?), n. [OE. gristel, gristil, AS. gristl; akin to OFries. gristel, grestel. Perh. a dim. of grist but cf. OHG. krustila, krostela. Cf. Grist.] (Anat.) Cartilage. See Cartilage. Bacon.

Gristly

Gris"tly (?), a. (Anat.) Consisting of, or containing, gristle; like gristle; cartilaginous.

Gristmill

Grist"mill" (?), n. A mill for grinding grain; especially, a mill for grinding grists, or portions of grain brought by different customers; a custom mill.

Grit

Grit (?), n. [OE, greet, greot, sand, gravel, AS. gre\'a2t grit, sant, dust; akin to OS griott, OFries. gret gravel, OHG. grioz, G. griess, Icel. grj\'d3t, and to E. groats, grout. See Groats, Grout, and cf. Grail gravel.]

1. Sand or gravel; rough, hard particles.

2. The coarse part of meal.


Page 652

3. pl. Grain, esp. oats or wheat, hulled and coarsely ground; in high milling, fragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats.

4. (Geol.) A hard, coarse-grained siliceous sandstone; as, millstone grit; -- called also gritrock and gritstone. The name is also applied to a finer sharp-grained sandstone; as, grindstone grit.

5. Structure, as adapted to grind or sharpen; as, a hone of good grit.

6. Firmness of mind; invincible spirit; unyielding courage; fortitude. C. Reade. E. P. Whipple.

Grit

Grit (?), v. i. To give forth a grating sound, as sand under the feet; to grate; to grind.
The sanded floor that grits beneath the tread. Goldsmith.

Grit

Grit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gritted; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gritting.] To grind; to rub harshly together; to grate; as, to grit the teeth. [Collog.]

Grith

Grith (?), n. [AS. gri\'eb peace; akin to Icel. grid.] Peace; security; agreement. [Obs.] Gower.

Gritrock, Gritstone

Grit"rock` (?), Grit"stone` (?) n. (Geol.) See Grit, n., 4.

Grittiness

Grit"ti*ness (?), n. The quality of being gritty.

Gritty

Grit"ty (?), a.

1. Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by grit; full of hard particles.

2. Spirited; resolute; unyielding. [Colloq., U. S.]

Grivet

Griv"et (?), n. [Cf. F. grivet.] (Zo\'94l.) A monkey of the upper Nile and Abyssinia (Cercopithecus griseoviridis), having the upper parts dull green, the lower parts white, the hands, ears, and face black. It was known to the ancient Egyptians. Called also tota.

Grize

Grize (?), n. Same as 2d Grise. [Obs.]

Grizelin

Griz"e*lin (?), a. See Gridelin.

Grizzle

Griz"zle (?), n. [F. gris: cf. grisaille hair partly gray, fr. gris gray. See Gris, and cf. Grisaille.] Gray; a gray color; a mixture of white and black. Shak.

Grizzled

Griz"zled (?), a. Gray; grayish; sprinkled or mixed with gray; of a mixed white and black.
Grizzled hair flowing in elf locks. Sir W. Scott.

Grlzzly

Grlz"zly (?), a. Somewhat gray; grizzled.
Old squirrels that turn grizzly. Bacon.
Grizzly bear (Zo\'94l.), a large and ferocious bear (Ursus horribilis) of Western North America and the Rocky Mountains. It is remarkable for the great length of its claws.

Grizzly

Griz"zly, n.; pl. Grizzlies (.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A grizzly bear. See under Grizzly, a.

2. pl. In hydraulic mining, gratings used to catch and throw out large stones from the sluices. [Local, U. S.] Raymond.

Groan

Groan (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groaning.] [OE. gronen, granen, granien, AS. gr, fr. the root of grennian to grin. \'fb35. See 2d Grin, and cf. Grunt.]

1. To give forth a low, moaning sound in breathing; to utter a groan, as in pain, in sorrow, or in derision; to moan.

For we . . . do groan, being burdened. 2 Cor. v. 4.
He heard the groaning of the oak. Sir W. Scott.

2. To strive after earnestly, as with groans.

Nothing but holy, pure, and clear, Or that which groaneth to be so. Herbert.

Groan

Groan, v. t. To affect by groans.

Groan

Groan, n. A low, moaning sound; usually, a deep, mournful sound uttered in pain or great distress; sometimes, an expression of strong disapprobation; as, the remark was received with groans.
Such groans of roaring wind and rain. Shak.
The wretched animal heaved forth such groans. Shak.

Groanful

Groan"ful (?), a. Agonizing; sad. [Obs.] Spenser.

Groat

Groat (?), n. [LG. gr\'d3te, orig., great, that is, a great piece of coin, larger than other coins in former use. See Great.]

1. An old English silver coin, equal to four pence.

2. Any small sum of money.

Groats

Groats (?), n. pl. [OE. grot, AS. gr\'betan; akin to Icel. grautr porridge, and to E. gritt, grout. See Grout.] Dried grain, as oats or wheat, hulled and broken or crushed; in high milling, cracked fragments of wheat larger than grits. Embden groats, crushed oats.

Grocer

Gro"cer (?), n. [Formerly written grosser, orig., one who sells by the gross, or deals by wholesale, fr. F. grossier, marchand grossier, fr. gros large, great. See Gross.] A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, coffee, fruits, and various other commodities. Grocer's itch (Med.), a disease of the akin, caused by handling sugar and treacle.

Grocery

Gro"cer*y (?), n.; pl. Groceries (#). [F. grosserie wholesale. See Grocer.]

1. The commodities sold by grocers, as tea, coffee, spices, etc.; -- in the United States almost always in the plural form, in this sense.

A deal box . . . to carry groceries in. Goldsmith.
The shops at which the best families of the neighborhood bought grocery and millinery. Macaulay.

2. A retail grocer's shop or store. [U.s.];

Grog

Grog (?), n. [So named fronm "Old Grog" a nickmname given to Admiral Vernon, in allusion to his wearing a grogram cloak in foul weather. He is said to have been the first to dilute the rum of the sailors (about 1745).] A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened; hence, any intoxicating liquor. Grog blossom, a redness on the nose or face of persons who drink ardent spirits to excess. [Collog.]

Groggery

Grog"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Groggeries (#). A grogshop. [Slang, U. S.]

Grogginess

Grog"gi*ness (?), n.

1. State of being groggy.

2. (Man.) Tenderness or stiffness in the foot of a horse, which causes him to move in a hobbling manner.

Groggy

Grog"gy (?), a.

1. Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs. [Colloq.]

2. Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; -- said of pugilists. [Cant or Slang]

3. (Man.) Moving in a hobbling manner, owing to ten der feet; -- said of a horse. Youatt.

Grogram, Grogran

Grog"ram (?), Grog"ran (?), n. [OF. gros-grain, lit., gros-grain, of a coarse texture. See Gross, and Grain a kernel, and cf. Grog.] A coarse stuff made of silk and mohair, or of coarse silk.

Grogshop

Grog"shop` (?), n. A shop or room where strong liquors are sold and drunk; a dramshop.

Groin

Groin (?), n. [F. groin, fr. grogner to grunt, L. grunnire.] The snout of a swine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Groin

Groin, v. i. [F. grogner to grunt, grumble.] To grunt to growl; to snarl; to murmur. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Bears that groined coatinually. Spenser.

Groin

Groin, n. [Icel. grein distinction, division, branch; akin to Sw. gren, branch, space between the legs, Icel. greina to distinguish, divide, Sw. grena to branch, straddle. Cf. Grain a branch.]

1. (Anat.) The line between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh, or the region of this line; the inguen.

2. (Arch.) The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults, growing more obtuse as it approaches the summit.

3. (Math.) The surface formed by two such vaults.

4. A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate and retain shingle. [Eng.] Weale.

Groin

Groin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Groined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groining.] (Arch.) To fashion into groins; to build with groins.
The hand that rounded Peter's dome, And groined the aisles of Christian Rome, Wrought in a sad sincerity. Emerson.

Groined

Groined (?), a. (Arch.) Built with groins; as, a groined ceiling; a groined vault. <-- Illustr. of Groined Arch. -->

Gromet

Grom"et (?), n. Same as Grommet.

Gromill

Grom"ill (?), n. (Bot.) See Gromwell.

Grommet

Grom"met (?), n. [F. gourmette curb, curb chain, fr. gourmer to curb, thump, beat; cf. Armor. gromm a curb, gromma to curb.]

1. A ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag. Sometimes written grummet.

2. (Mil.) A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball in place.

Gromwell

Grom"well (?), n. [Called also gromel, grommel, graymill, and gray millet, all prob. fr. F. gr?mil, cf. W. cromandi.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Lithospermum (L. arvense), anciently used, because of its stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel. The German gromwell is the Stellera. [Written also gromill.]

Grond

Grond (?), obs. imp. of Grind. Chaucer.

Gronte

Gron"te (?), obs. imp. of Groan. Chaucer.

Groom

Groom (?), n. [Cf. Scot. grome, groyme, grume, gome, guym, man, lover, OD. grom boy, youth; perh. the r is an insertion as in E. bridegroom, and the word is the same as AS. guma man. See Bridegroom.]

1. A boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy who has charge of horses, or the stable. Spenser.

2. One of several officers of the English royal household, chiefly in the lord chamberlain's department; as, the groom of the chamber; the groom of the stole.

3. A man recently married, or about to be married; a bridegroom. Dryden. Groom porter, formerly an officer in the English royal household, who attended to the furnishing of the king's lodgings and had certain privileges.

Groom

Groom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grooming.] To tend or care for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.

Groomer

Groom"er (?), n. One who, or that which, grooms horses; especially, a brush rotated by a flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning horses.

Groomsman

Grooms"man (?), n.; pl. Groomsmen (. A male attendant of a bridegroom at his wedding; -- the correlative of bridesmaid<-- = best man -->.

Grooper

Groop"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Grouper.

Groove

Groove (?), n. [D. groef, groeve; akin to E. grove. See Grove.]

1. A furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water, or constant travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut.

2. Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or affairs; fixed routine.

The gregarious trifling of life in the social groove. J. Morley.

3. [See Grove.] (Mining) A shaft or excavation. [Prov. Eng.]

Groove

Groove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grooved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groving.] To cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to furrow.

Groover

Groov"er (?), n.

1. One who or that which grooves.

2. A miner. [Prov. Eng.] Holloway.

Grooving

Groov"ing (?), n. The act of forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or collection of grooves. <-- Groovy [colloq] = marvelous, wonderful, excellent; hip -->

Grope

Grope (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Groping.] [OE. gropen, gropien, grapien, AS. gr to touch, grope, fr. gr to gripe. See Gripe.]

1. To feel with or use the hands; to handle. [Obs.]

2. To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see.

We grope for the wall like the blind. Is. lix. 10.
To grope a little longer among the miseries and sensualities ot a worldly life. Buckminster.

Grope

Grope, v. t.

1. To search out by feeling in the dark; as, we groped our way at midnight.

2. To examine; to test; to sound. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe. Genevan Test. (Acts xxiv. ).

Groper

Grop"er (?), n. One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or searches by feeling.

Groping-ly

Grop"ing-ly, adv. In a groping manner.

Gros

Gros (?), n. [F. See Gross.] A heavy silk with a dull finish; as, gros de Naples; gros de Tours.

Grosbeak

Gros"beak (?), n. [Gross + beak: cf. F. gros-bec.] (Zo\'94l.) One of various species of finches having a large, stout beak. The common European grosbeak or hawfinch is Coccothraustes vulgaris. &hand; Among the best known American species are the rose-breasted (Habia Ludoviciana); the blue (Guiraca c\'d2rulea); the pine (Pinicola enucleator); and the evening grosbeak. See Hawfinch, and Cardinal grosbeak, Evening grosbeak, under Cardinal and Evening. [Written also grossbeak.] <-- illustr. Rose-breasted Grosbeak, (Habia Ludoviciana). -->

Groschen

Grosch"en (?), n. [G.] A small silver coin and money of account of Germany, worth about two cents. It is not included in the new monetary system of the empire.

Grosgrain

Gros"grain` (?), a. [F. Cf. Grogram.] Of a coarse texture; -- applied to silk with a heavy thread running crosswise.

Gross

Gross (?), a. [Compar. Grosser (; superl. Grossest.] [F. gros, L. grossus, perh. fr. L. crassus thick, dense, fat, E. crass, cf. Skr. grathita tied together, wound up, hardened. Cf. Engross, Grocer, Grogram.]

1. Great; large; bulky; fat; of huge size; excessively large. "A gross fat man." Shak.

A gross body of horse under the Duke. Milton.

2. Coarse; rough; not fine or delicate.

3. Not easily aroused or excited; not sensitive in perception or feeling; dull; witless.

Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear. Milton.

4. Expressing, Or originating in, animal or sensual appetites; hence, coarse, vulgar, low, obscene, or impure.

The terms which are delicate in one age become gross in the next. Macaulay.

5. Thick; dense; not attenuated; as, a gross medium.

6. Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful; as, a gross mistake; gross injustice; gross negligence.

7. Whole; entire; total; without deduction; as, the gross sum, or gross amount, the gross weight; -- opposed to net. Gross adventure (Law) the loan of money upon bottomry, i. e., on a mortgage of a ship. -- Gross average (Law), that kind of average which falls upon the gross or entire amount of ship, cargo, and freight; -- commonly called general average. Bouvier. Burrill. -- Gross receipts, the total of the receipts, before they are diminished by any deduction, as for expenses; -- distinguished from net profits. Abbott. -- Gross weight the total weight of merchandise or goods, without deduction for tare, tret, or waste; -- distinguished from neat, or net, weight.

Gross

Gross, n. [F. gros (in sense 1), grosse (in sense 2) See Gross, a.]

1. The main body; the chief part, bulk, or mass. "The gross of the enemy." Addison.

For the gross of the people, they are considered as a mere herd of cattle. Burke.

2. sing. & pl. The number of twelve dozen; twelve times twelve; as, a gross of bottles; ten gross of pens. Advowson in gross (Law), an advowson belonging to a person, and not to a manor. -- A great gross, twelve gross; one hundred and forty-four dozen. -- By the gross, by the quantity; at wholesale. -- Common in gross. (Law) See under Common, n. -- In the gross, In gross, in the bulk, or the undivided whole; all parts taken together.

Grossbeak

Gross"beak` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Grosbeak.

Gross-headed

Gross"-head`ed (?), a. Thick-skulled; stupid.

Grossification

Gross`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Gross + L. ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

1. The act of making gross or thick, or the state of becoming so.

2. (Bot.) The swelling of the ovary of plants after fertilization. Henslow.

Grossly

Gross"ly, adv. In a gross manner; greatly; coarsely; without delicacy; shamefully; disgracefully.

Grossness

Gross"ness, n. The state or quality of being gross; thickness; corpulence; coarseness; shamefulness.
Abhor the swinish grossness that delights to wound the' ear of delicacy. Dr. T. Dwight.

Grossular

Gros"su*lar (?), a. [NL. grossularius, from Grossularia a subgenus of Ribes, including the gooseberry, fr. F. groseille. See Gooseberry.] Pertaining too, or resembling, a gooseberry; as, grossular garnet.

Grossular

Gros"su*lar, n. [See Grossular, a.] (Min.) A translucent garnet of a pale green color like that of the gooseberry; -- called also grossularite.

Grossularia

Gros`su*la"ria (?), n. [NL. See Grossular.] (Min.) Same as Grossular.

Grossulin

Gros"su*lin (?), n. [See Grossular.] (Chem.) A vegetable jelly, resembling pectin, found in gooseberries (Ribes Grossularia) and other fruits.
Page 653

Grot

Grot (?), n. [F. grotte, It. grotta. See Grotto.] A grotto. [Poetic] Milton.

Grot, Grote

Grot, Grote (
, n. A groat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Grotesgue

Gro*tesgue" (?), a. [F., fr. It. grottesco, fr. grotta grotto. See Grotto.] Like the figures found in ancient grottoes; grottolike; wildly or strangely formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms and proportions; fantastic; ludicrous; antic. "Grotesque design." Dryden. "Grotesque incidents." Macaulay.

Grotesque

Gro*tesque, n.

1. A whimsical figure, or scene, such as is found in old crypts and grottoes. Dryden.

2. Artificial grotto-work.

Grotesquely

Gro*tesque"ly, adv. In a grotesque manner.

Grotesqueness

Gro*tesque"ness, n. Quality of being grotesque.

Grotto

Grot"to (?), n.; pl. Grottoes (#). [Formerly grotta, fr. It. grotta, LL. grupta, fr. L. crypta a con cealed subterranran passage vault, cavern, Gr. Grot, Crypt.] A natural covered opening in the earth; a cave; also, an artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment.

Grotto-work

Grot"to-work` (?), n. Artificial and ornamental rockwork in imitation of a grotto. Cowper.

Ground

Ground (?), n. [OE. ground, grund, AS. grund; akin to D. grond, OS., G., Sw., & Dan. grund, Icel. grunnr bottom, Goth. grundus (in composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh. akin to E. grind.]

1. The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite portion of it.

There was not a man to till the ground. Gen. ii. 5.
The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. 23.
Hence: A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth.

2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or fishing ground; a play ground.

From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian ground. Milton.

3. Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (pl.), the gardens, lawns, fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; as, the grounds of the estate are well kept.

Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds. Dryden. 4.

4. The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; as, the ground of my hope.

5. (Paint. & Decorative Art) (a) That surface upon which the figures of a composition are set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another; as, crimson Bowers on a white ground. See Background, Foreground, and Middle-ground. (b) In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief. (c) In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied; as, Brussels ground. See Brussels lace, under Brussels.

6. (Etching) A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle.

7. (Arch.) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are attached; -- usually in the plural. &hand; Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.

8. (Mus.) (a) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody. (b) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song. Moore (Encyc.).

On that ground I'll build a holy descant. Shak.

9. (Elec.) A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth is made part of an electrical circuit.

10. pl. Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; as, coffee grounds.

11. The pit of a theater. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Ground angling, angling with a weighted line without a float. -- Ground annual (Scots Law), an estate created in land by a vassal who instead of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent, which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land. -- Ground ash. (Bot.) See Groutweed. -- Ground bailiff (Mining), a superintendent of mines. Simmonds. -- Ground bait, bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc., thrown into the water to collect the fish, Wallon. -- Ground bass ∨ base (Mus.), fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated to a varied melody. -- Ground beetle (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of carnivorous beetles of the family Carabid\'91, living mostly in burrows or under stones, etc. -- Ground chamber, a room on the ground floor. -- Ground cherry. (Bot.) (a) A genus (Physalis) of herbaceous plants having an inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry tomato (P. Alkekengi). See Alkekengl. (b) A European shrub (Prunus Cham\'91cerasus), with small, very acid fruit. -- Ground cuckoo. (Zo\'94l.) See Chaparral cock. -- Ground cypress. (Bot.) See Lavender cotton. -- Ground dove (Zo\'94l.), one of several small American pigeons of the genus Columbigallina, esp. C. passerina of the Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They live chiefly on the ground. -- Ground fish (Zo\'94l.), any fish which constantly lives on the botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut. -- Ground floor, the floor of a house most nearly on a level with the ground; -- called also in America, but not in England, the first floor. -- Ground form (Gram.), the stem or basis of a word, to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation. It is sometimes, but not always, the same as the root.<-- = lemma --> -- Ground furze (Bot.), a low slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (Ononis arvensis) of Europe and Central Asia,; -- called also rest-harrow. -- Ground game, hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged game. -- Ground hele (Bot.), a perennial herb (Veronica officinalis) with small blue flowers, common in Europe and America, formerly thought to have curative properties. -- Ground of the heavens (Astron.), the surface of any part of the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as projected. -- Ground hemlock (Bot.), the yew (Taxus baccata var. Canadensisi) of eastern North America, distinguished from that of Europe by its low, straggling stems. -- Ground hog. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The woodchuck or American marmot (Arctomys monax). See Woodchuck. (b) The aardvark. -- Ground hold (Naut.), ground tackle. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Ground ice, ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before it forms on the surface. -- Ground ivy. (Bot.) A trailing plant; alehoof. See Gill. -- Ground joist, a joist for a basement or ground floor; a. sleeper. -- Ground lark (Zo\'94l.), the European pipit. See Pipit. -- Ground laurel (Bot.). See Trailing arbutus, under Arbutus. -- Ground line (Descriptive Geom.), the line of intersection of the horizontal and vertical planes of projection. -- Ground liverwort (Bot.), a flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated receptacles (Marchantia polymorpha). -- Ground mail, in Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a churchyard. -- Ground mass (Geol.), the fine-grained or glassy base of a rock, in which distinct crystals of its constituents are embedded. -- Ground parrakeet (Zo\'94l.), one of several Australian parrakeets, of the genera Callipsittacus and Geopsittacus, which live mainly upon the ground. -- Ground pearl (Zo\'94l.), an insect of the family Coccid\'91 (Margarodes formicarum), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and having a shelly covering. They are strung like beads, and made into necklaces by the natives. -- Ground pig (Zo\'94l.), a large, burrowing, African rodent (Aulacodus Swinderianus) about two feet long, allied to the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; -- called also ground rat. -- Ground pigeon (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris), of the Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See Goura, and Ground dove (above). -- Ground pine. (Bot.) (a) A blue-flowered herb of the genus Ajuga (A. Cham\'91pitys), formerly included in the genus Teucrium or germander, and named from its resinous smell. Sir L. Hill. (b) A long, creeping, evergreen plant of the genus Lycopodium (L. clavatum); -- called also club moss. (c) A tree-shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in height, of the same genus (L. dendroideum) found in moist, dark woods in the northern part of the United States. Gray. -- Ground plan (Arch.), a plan of the ground floor of any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular section. -- Ground plane, the horizontal plane of projection in perspective drawing. -- Ground plate. (a) (Arch.) One of the chief pieces of framing of a building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel. (b) (Railroads) A bed plate for sleepers or ties; a mudsill. (c) (Teleg.) A metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities. Knight. -- Ground plot, the ground upon which any structure is erected; hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan. -- Ground plum (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Astragalus caryocarpus) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped pod. -- Ground rat. (Zo\'94l.) See Ground pig (above). -- Ground rent, rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land. -- Ground robin. (Zo\'94l.) See Chewink. -- Ground room, a room on the ground floor; a lower room. Tatler. -- Ground sea, the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows; -- called also rollers, and in Jamaica, the North sea. -- Ground sill. See Ground plate (a) (above). -- Ground snake (Zo\'94l.), a small burrowing American snake (Celuta am\'d2na). It is salmon colored, and has a blunt tail. -- Ground squirrel. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of numerous species of burrowing rodents of the genera Tamias and Spermophilus, having cheek pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western species. See Chipmunk, and Gopher. (b) Any species of the African genus Xerus, allied to Tamias. -- Ground story. Same as Ground floor (above). -- Ground substance (Anat.), the intercellular substance, or matrix, of tissues. -- Ground swell. (a) (Bot.) The plant groundsel. [Obs.] Holland. (b) A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean, caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote distance after the gale has ceased. -- Ground table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. -- Ground tackle (Naut.), the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor. Totten. -- Ground thrush (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of bright-colored Oriental birds of the family Pittid\'91. See Pitta. -- Ground tier. (a) The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel's hold. Totten. (b) The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold. (c) The lowest range of boxes in a theater. -- Ground timbers (Shipbuilding) the timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers. Knight. -- Ground tit. (Zo\'94l.) See Ground wren (below). -- Ground wheel, that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling on the ground, drives the mechanism. -- Ground wren (Zo\'94l.), a small California bird (Cham\'91a fasciata) allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhibits the arid plains. Called also gronnd tit, and wren lit. -- To bite the ground, To break ground. See under Bite, Break. -- To come to the ground, To fall to the ground, to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry. -- To gain ground. (a) To advance; to proceed forward in confict; as, an army in battle gains ground. (b) To obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army gains ground on the enemy. (c) To gain credit; to become more prosperous or influential. -- To get, ∨ To gather, ground, to gain ground. [R.] "Evening mist . . . gathers ground fast." Milton.

There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground of them, but by bidding higher. South.
-- To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage.
These nine . . . began to give me ground. Shak.
--To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or reputation; to decline. -- To stand one's ground, to stand firm; to resist attack or encroachment. Atterbury. -- To take the ground to touch bottom or become stranded; -- said of a ship.

Ground

Ground (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grounding.]

1. To lay, set, or run, on the ground.

2. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly.

Being rooted and grounded in love. Eph. iii. 17.
So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation. Sir W. Hamilton

3. To instruct in elements or first principles.

4. (Elec.) To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit.

5. (Fine Arts) To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching (see Ground, n., 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament.

Ground

Ground, v. i. To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship grounded on the bar.

Ground

Ground, imp. & p. p. of Grind. Ground cock, a cock, the plug of which is ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression cock. Knight. -- Ground glass, glass the transparency of which has been destroyed by having its surface roughened by grinding. -- Ground joint, a close joint made by grinding together two pieces, as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with fine sand and water.

Groundage

Ground"age (?), n. A local tax paid by a ship for the ground or space it occupies while in port. Bouvier.

Groundedly

Ground"ed*ly, adv. In a grounded or firmly established manner. Glanvill.

Grounden

Ground"en (?), obs. p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.

Grounding

Ground"ing, n. The act, method, or process of laying a groundwork or foundation; hence, elementary instruction; the act or process of applying a ground, as of color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc.; a basis.

Groundless

Ground"less, a. [AS. grundle\'a0s bottomless.] Without ground or foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; not authorized; false; as, groundless fear; a groundless report or assertion. -- Ground"less*ly, adv. -- Ground"less*ness, n.

Groundling

Ground"ling, n. [Ground + -ling.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water, as the loach.

2. A spectator in the pit of a theater, which formerly was on the ground, and without floor or benches.

No comic buffoon to make the groundlings laugh. Coleridge.

Groundly

Ground"ly, adv. Solidly; deeply; thoroughly. [Obs.]
Those whom princes do once groundly hate, Let them provide to die as sure us fate. Marston.

Groundnut

Ground"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The fruit of the Arachis hypog\'91a (native country uncertain); the peanut; the earthnut. (b) A leguminous, twining plant (Apios tuberosa), producing clusters of dark purple flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste. (c) The dwarf ginseng (Aralia trifolia). [U. S.] Gray. (d) A European plant of the genus Bunium (B. flexuosum) having an edible root of a globular shape aud sweet, aromatic taste; -- called also earthnut, earth chestnut, hawknut, and pignut.

Groundsel

Ground"sel (?), n. [OE. grundswilie, AS. gpundeswylige, grundeswelge, earlier gundiswilge; gund matter, pus + swelgan to swallow. So named as being good for a running from the eye. See Swallow, v.] (Bot.) An annual composite plant (Senecio vulgaris) one of the most common, and widely distributed weeds on the globe.

Groundsel

Ground"sel (?), n. [Ground + sill.] See Ground

Groundsill

Ground"sill` (?), plate (a), under Ground.

Groundwork

Ground"work` (?), n. That which forms the foundation or support of anything; the basis; the essential or fundamental part; first principle. Dryden.

Group

Group (?), n. [F groupe, It. gruppo, groppo, cluster, bunch, packet, group; of G. origin: cf. G. krepf craw, crop, tumor, bunch. See Crop, n.]

1. A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a group of men or of trees; a group of isles.

2. An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic; as, groups of strata.

3. (Biol.) A variously limited assemblage of animals or planta, having some resemblance, or common characteristics in form or structure. The term has different uses, and may be made to include certain species of a genus, or a whole genus, or certain genera, or even several orders.

4. (Mus.) A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined at the stems; -- sometimes rather indefinitely applied to any ornament made up of a few short notes.

Group

Group, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grouping.] [Cf. F. grouper. See Group, n.] To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best effect; to form an assemblage of.
The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, as the painters term it, in grouping such a multitude of different objects. Prior.
Grouped columns (Arch.), three or moro columns placed upon the same pedestal.

Grouper

Group"er (?), n. [Corrupted fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Garbupa.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of several species of valuable food fishes of the genus Epinephelus, of the family Serranid\'91, as the red grouper, or brown snapper (E. morio), and the black grouper, or warsaw (E. nigritus), both from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. (b) The tripletail (Lobotes). (c) In California, the name is often applied to the rockfishes. [Written also groper, gruper, and trooper.]
Page 654

Grouping

Group"ing (?), n. (Fine Arts) The disposal or relative arrangement of figures or objects, as in, drawing, painting, and sculpture, or in ornamental design.

Grouse

Grouse (?), n. sing. & pl. [Prob. after the analogy of mouse, mice, fr. the earlier grice, OF. griesche meor hen: cf. F. piegri\'8ache shrike.] (Zo\'94l.) Any of the numerous species of gallinaceous birds of the family Tetraonid\'91, and subfamily Tetraonin\'91, inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. They have plump bodies, strong, well-feathered legs, and usually mottled plumage. The group includes the ptarmigans (Lagopus), having feathered feet. &hand; Among the European species are the red grouse (Lagopus Scoticus) and the hazel grouse (Bonasa betulina). See Capercaidzie, Ptarmigan, and Heath grouse. Among the most important American species are the ruffed grouse, or New England partridge (Bonasa umbellus); the sharp-tailed grouse (Pedioc\'91tes phasianellus) of the West; the dusky blue, or pine grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) of the Rocky Mountains; the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge (D. Canadensis). See also Prairie hen, and Sage cock. The Old World sand grouse (Pterocles, etc.) belong to a very different family. See Pterocletes, and Sand grouse.

Grouse

Grouse, v. i. To seek or shoot grouse.

Grouser

Grou"ser (?), n. (Dredging, Pile Driving, etc.) A pointed timber attached to a boat and sliding vertically, to thrust into the ground as a means of anchorage.

Grout

Grout (?), n. [AS. grut; akin to grytt, G. gr\'81tze, griess, Icel. grautr, Lith. grudas corn, kernel, and Z. groats.]

1. Coarse meal; ground malt; pl. groats.

2. Formerly, a kind of beer or ale. [Eng.]

3. pl. Lees; dregs; grounds. [Eng.] "Grouts of tea." Dickens.

4. A thin, coarse mortar, used for pouring into the joints of masonry and brickwork; also, a finer material, used in finishing the best ceilings. Gwilt.

Grout

Grout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grouting.] To fill up or finish with grout, as the joints between stones.

Grauthead

Graut"head` (?), n. [Obs.] See Growthead.

Grouting

Grout"ing, n. The process of filling in or finishing with grout; also, the grout thus filled in. Gwilt.

Groutnol

Grout"nol (?), n. [See Groat, and Noll, n.] [Obs.] Same as Growthead. Beau. & Fl.

Grouty

Grout"y (?), a. Cross; sulky; sullen. [Colloq.]

Grove

Grove (?), n. [AS. graf, fr. grafan to dig. The original sense seems to have been a lane cut through trees. See Grave, v., and cf. Groove.] A smaller group of trees than a forest, and without underwood, planted, or growing naturally as if arranged by art; a wood of small extent. &hand; The Hebrew word Asherah, rendered grove in the Authorized Version of the Bible, is left untranslated in the Revised Version. Almost all modern interpreters agree that by Asherah an idol or image of some kind is intended.

Grovel

Grov"el (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groveled (?) or Grovelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Groveling or Grovelling.] [From OE. grovelinge, grufelinge, adv., on the face, prone, which was misunderstood as a p. pr.; cf. OE. gruf, groff, in the same sense; of Scand. origin, cf. Icel. gr&umac;fa, in &amac; gr&umac;fu on the face, prone, gr&umac;fa to grovel.]

1. To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie prone, or move uneasily with the body prostrate on the earth; to lie fiat on one's belly, expressive of abjectness; to crawl.

To creep and grovel on the ground. Dryden.

2. To tend toward, or delight in, what is sensual or base; to be low, abject, or mean.

Groveler

Grov"el*er (?), n. One who grovels; an abject wretch. [Written also groveller.]

Groveling

Grov"el*ing, a. Lying prone; low; debased. [Written also grovelling.] "A groveling creature." Cowper.

Grovy

Grov"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a grove; situated in, or frequenting, groves. Dampier.

Grow

Grow (?), v. i. [imp. Grew (?); p. p. Grown (; p. pr. & vb. n. Growing.] [AS. grawan; akin to D. groeijen, Icel. groa, Dan. groe, Sw. gro. Cf. Green, Grass.]

1. To increase in size by a natural and organic process; to increase in bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter into the living organism; -- said of animals and vegetables and their organs.

2. To increase in any way; to become larger and stronger; to be augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to accrue.

Winter began to grow fast on. Knolles.
Even just the sum that I do owe to you Is growing to me by Antipholus. Shak.

3. To spring up and come to matturity in a natural way; to be produced by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish; as, rice grows in warm countries.

Where law faileth, error groweth. Gower.

4. To pass from one state to another; to result as an effect from a cause; to become; as, to grow pale.

For his mind Had grown Suspicion's sanctuary. Byron.

5. To become attached of fixed; to adhere.

Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they grow. Shak.
Growing cell, or Growing slide, a device for preserving alive a minute object in water continually renewed, in a manner to permit its growth to be watched under the microscope. -- Grown over, covered with a growth. -- To grow out of, to issue from, as plants from the soil, or as a branch from the main stem; to result from.
These wars have grown out of commercial considerations. A. Hamilton.
-- To grow up, to arrive at full stature or maturity; as, grown up children. -- <-- ##error here in original: duplication of: To grow up --> To grow together, to close and adhere; to become united by growth, as flesh or the bark of a tree severed. Howells.Syn. -- To become; increase; enlarge; augment; improve; expand; extend.

Grow

Grow (?), v. t. To cause to grow; to cultivate; to produce; as, to grow a crop; to grow wheat, hops, or tobacco. Macaulay.Syn. -- To raise; to cultivate. See Raise, v. t., 3.

Growable

Grow"a*ble (?), a. Capable of growth.

Growan

Grow"an (?), n. [Cf. Arm. grouan gravel, Corn. grow gravel, sand.] (Mining.) A decomposed granite, forming a mass of gravel, as in tin lodes in Cornwall.

Grower

Grow"er (?), n. One who grows or produces; as, a grower of corn; also, that which grows or increases; as, a vine may be a rank or a slow grower.

Growl

Growl (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Growled (?); p. pr. & vb. e. Growling.] [D. grollen to grunt, murmur, be angry; akin to G. grollen to be angry.] To utter a deep guttural sound, sa an angry dog; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound. Gay.

Growl

Growl, v. t. To express by growling. Thomson.

Growl

Growl, n. The deep, threatening sound made by a surly dog; a grumbling sound.

Growler

Growl"er (?), n.

1. One who growls.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The large-mouthed black bass. [Local]

3. A four-wheeled cab. [Slang, Eng.]

Growlingly

Growl"ing*ly, adv. In a growling manner.

Grown

Grown (?), p. p. of Grow.

Growse

Growse (?), v. i. [Cf. gruesome, grcwsome, and G. grausen to make shudder, shiver.] To shiver; to have chills. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray.

Growth

Growth (?), n. [Icel. groGrow.]

1. The process of growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a vegetable body; the development from a seed, germ, or root, to full size or maturity; increase in size, number, frequency, strength, etc.; augmentation; advancement; production; prevalence or influence; as, the growth of trade; the growth of power; the growth of intemperance. Idle weeds are fast in growth. Shak.

2. That which has grown or is growing; anything produced; product; consequence; effect; result.

Nature multiplies her fertile growth. Milton.

Growthead

Growt"head` (?), n. [Lit., greathead.] A lazy person; a blockhead. [Obs.] Tusser.

Growthful

Growth"ful (?), a. Having capacity of growth. [R.] J. Hamilton.

Groyne

Groyne (?), n. [Obs.] See Groin.

Grozing iron

Gro"zing i"ron (?).

1. A tool with a hardened steel point, formerly used instead of a diamond for cutting glass.

2. (Plumbing) A tool for smoothing the solder joints of lead pipe. Knight.

Grub

Grub (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grubbed (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Grubbing (.] [OE. grubbin., cf. E. grab, grope.]

1. To dig in or under the ground, generally for an object that is difficult to reach or extricate; to be occupied in digging.

2. To drudge; to do menial work. Richardson.

Grub

Grub, v. t.

1. To dig; to dig up by the roots; to root out by digging; -- followed by up; as, to grub up trees, rushes, or sedge.

They do not attempt to grub up the root of sin. Hare.

2. To supply with food. [Slang] Dickens.

Grub

Grub, n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of an insect, especially of a beetle; -- called also grubworm. See Illust. of Goldsmith beetle, under Goldsmith.

Yet your butterfly was a grub. Shak.

2. A short, thick man; a dwarf. [Obs.] Carew.

3. Victuals; food. [Slang] Halliwell. Grub ax ∨ axe, a kind of mattock used in grubbing up roots, etc. -- Grub breaker. Same as Grub hook (below). -- Grub hoe, a heavy hoe for grubbing. -- Grub hook, a plowlike implement for uprooting stumps, breaking roots, etc. -- Grub saw, a handsaw used for sawing marble. -- Grub Street, a street in London (now called Milton Street), described by Dr. Johnson as "much inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries, and temporary poems, whence any mean production is called grubstreet." As an adjective, suitable to, or resembling the production of, Grub Street.

I 'd sooner ballads write, and grubstreet lays. Gap.

Grubber

Grub"ber, n. One who, or that which, grubs; especially, a machine or tool of the nature of a grub ax, .grub hook, etc.

Grubbla

Grub"bla (?), v. t. & i. [Freq. of grub, but cf. grabble.] To feel or grope in the dark. [Obs.] Dryden.

Grubby

Grub"by, a. [From Grub.] Dirty; unclean. [Colloq.]
The grubby game of marbles. Lond. Sat. Rev.

Grubby

Grub"by, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Cottus; a sculpin. [Local, U. S.]

Grubworm

Grub"worm (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Grub, n., 1.
And gnats and grubworms crowded on his view. C. Smart.

Grucche

Grucche (?), v. i. [See Grudge.] To murmur; to grumble. [Obs.]
What aileth you, thus for grucche and groan. Chaucer.

Grudge

Grudge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grudger (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grudging.] [OE. grutchen, gruchen, grochen, to murmur, grumble, OF. grochier, grouchier, grocier, groucier; cf. Icel. krytja to murmur, krutr a murmur, or E. grunt.]

1. To look upon with desire to possess or to appropriate; to envy (one) the possession of; to begrudge; to covet; to give with reluctance; to desire to get back again; -- followed by the direct object only, or by both the direct and indirect objects.

Tis not in thee To grudge my pleasures, to cut off my train. Shak.
I have often heard the Presbyterians say, they did not grudge us our employments. Swift.
They have grudged us contribution. Shak.

2. To hold or harbor with malicioua disposition or purpose; to cherish enviously. [Obs.]

Perish they That grudge one thought against your majesty ! Shak.

Grudge

Grudge (?), v. i.

1. To be covetous or envious; to show discontent; to murmur; to complain; to repine; to be unwilling or reluctant.

Grudge not one against another. James v. 9.
He eats his meat without grudging. Shak.

2. To feel compunction or grief. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.

Grudge

Grudge, n.

1. Sullen malice or malevolence; cherished malice, enmity, or dislike; ill will; an old cause of hatred or quarrel.

Esau had conceived a mortal grudge and eumity against hie brother Jacob. South.
The feeling may not be envy; it may not be imbittered by a grudge. I. Taylor.

2. Slight symptom of disease. [Obs.]

Our shaken monarchy, that now lies . . . struggling againat the grudges of more dreaded calamities. Milton.
Syn. -- Pique; aversion; dislike; ill will; hatred; spite. See Pique.

Grudgeful

Grudge"ful (?), a. Full of grudge; envious. "Grudgeful discontent." Spenser.

Grudgeons, Gurgeons

Grud"geons (?), Gur"geons (
, n. pl. [Prob. from P. grugir to craunch; cf. D. gruizen to crush, grind, and E. grout.] Coarse meal. [Obs.]

Gruddger

Gruddg"er (?), n. One who grudges.

Grudgingly

Grudg"ing*ly, adv. In a grudging manner.

Grudgingness

Grudg"ing*ness, n. The state or quality of grudging, or of being full of grudge or unwillingness.

Gruel

Gru"el (?), n. [OF. gruel, F. gruau; of German origin; cf. OHG. gruzzi groats, G. gr\'81tze, As. grut. See Grout.] A light, liquid food, made by boiling meal of maize, oatmeal, or fiour in water or milk; thin porridge.

Gruelly

Gru"el*ly, a. Like gruel; of the consistence of gruel.

Gruesome

Grue"some (?), a. Same as Grewsome. [Scot.]

Gruf

Gruf (?), adv. [Cf. Grovel.] Forwards; with one's face to the ground. [Obs.]
They fellen gruf, and cryed piteously. Chaucer.

Gruff

Gruff (?), a. [Compar. Gruffer (; superl. Gruffest.] [D. grof; akin to G. grob, OHG. gerob, grob, Dan. grov, Sw. grof, perh. akin to AS. rc\'a2fan to break, Z. reavc, rupture, g- standing for the AS. prefix ge-, Goth. ga-.] Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or countenance; sour; surly; severe; harsh. Addison.
Gruff, disagreeable, sarcastic remarks. Thackeray.
-- Gruff"ly
, adv. -- Gruff"ness, n.

Grugru palm

Gru"gru palm" (?). (Bot.) A West Indian name for several kinds of palm. See Macaw tree, under Macaw. [Written also grigri palm.]

Grugru worm

Gru"gru worm" (?). (Zo\'94l.) The larva or grub of a large South American beetle (Calandra palmarum), which lives in the pith of palm trees and sugar cane. It is eaten by the natives, and esteemed a delicacy.

Grum

Grum (?), a. [Cf. Dan. grum furious, Sw. grym, AS. gram, and E. grim, and grumble.

1. Morose; severe of countenance; sour; surly; glum; grim. "Nick looked sour and grum." Arbuthnof.

2. Low; deep in the throat; guttural; rumbling; as,

Grumble

Grum"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grunbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Grumbling (?).] [Cf. LG. grummeln, grumman, D. grommelen, grommen, and F. grommeler, of German origin; cf. W. grwm, murmur, grumble, surly. &root;35. Cf. Grum, Grim.]

1. To murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints in a low voice and a surly manner.

L'Avare, not using half his store, Still grumbles that he has no more. Prior.

2. To growl; to snarl in deep tones; as, a lion grumbling over his prey.

3. To rumble; to make a low, harsh, and heavy sound; to mutter; as, the distant thunder grumbles.

Grumble

Grum"ble, v. t. To express or utter with grumbling.

Grumble

Grum"ble, n.

1. The noise of one that grumbles.

2. A grumbling, discontented disposition.

A bad case of grumble. Mrs. H. H. Jacksn.

Grumbler

Grum"bler (?), n. One who grumbles.

Grumblingly

Grum"bling*ly, adv. In a grumbling manner.

Grume

Grume (?), n. [OF. grume, cf. F. grumeau a little heap, clot of blood, dim. fr. L. grumus.] A thick, viscid fluid; a clot, as of blood. Quincy.

Grumbly

Grumb"ly (?), adv. In a grum manner.

Grumose

Gru*mose" (?), a. (Bot.) Clustered in grains at intervals; grumous.

Grumous

Gru"mous (?), a. [Cf. F. grumeleux. See Grume.]

1. Resembling or containing grume; thick; concreted; clotted; as, grumous blood.

2. (Bot.) See Grumose.

Grumousness

Gru"mous*ness, n. The state of being grumous.

gRUMPILY

gRUMPI*LY (?), ADV. In a surly manner; sullenly. [Colloq.]

gRUMPY

gRUMPY (?), a. [Cf. Grumblle, and Grum.] Surly; dissatisfied; grouty. [Collog.] Ferby.

Grundel

Grun"del (?), n. [See Groundling.] (Zo\'94l.) A groundling (fish). [Prov. Eng.]

Grundsel

Grundsel (?), n. Grounsel. [Obs.]

Grunt

Grunt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grunting.] [OE. grunten; akin to As. grunian, G. grunzen, Dan. grynte, Sw. grymta; all prob. of imitative; or perh. akin to E. groan.] To make a deep, short noise, as a hog; to utter a short groan or a deep guttural sound.
Who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life. Shak.
Grunting ox (Zo\'94l.), the yak.
Page 655

Grunt

Grunt (?), n.

1. A deep, guttural sound, as of a hog.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of American food fishes, of the genus H\'91mulon, allied to the snappers, as, the black grunt (A. Plumieri), and the redmouth grunt (H. aurolineatus), of the Southern United States; -- also applied to allied species of the genera Pomadasys, Orthopristis, and Pristopoma. Called also pigfish, squirrel fish, and grunter; -- so called from the noise it makes when taken.

Grunter

Grunt"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, grunts; specifically, a hog. "Bristled grunters." Tennyson.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of several American marine fishes. See Sea robin, and Grunt, n., 2.

3. (Brass Founding) A hook used in lifting a crucible.

Gruntingly

Grunt"ing*ly, adv. In a grunting manner.

Gruatle

Grua"tle (?), v. i. [Freq. of grunt.] To grunt; to grunt repeatedly. [Obs.]

Gruntling

Grunt"ling (?), n. A young hog.

Grutch

Grutch (?), v. See Grudge. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Gruy\'8are cheese

Gru"y\'8are` cheese\'b6 (Gruy\'8are
, Switzerland. It is a firm cheese containing numerous cells, and is known in the United States as Schweitzerk\'84se.

Gry

Gry (?), n. [Gr

1. A measure equal to one tenth of a line. [Obs.] Locke.

2. Anything very small, or of little value. [R.]

Gryde

Gryde (?), v. i. To gride. See Gride. Spenser.

Gryfon

Gryf"on (?), n. [Obs.] See Griffin. Spenser.

Gryllus

Gryl"lus (?), n. [L., locust.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of insects including the common crickets.

Grype

Grype (?), v. t. To gripe. [Obs.] See Gripe. Spenser.

Grype

Grype, n. [Gr. gry`f, grypo`s, griffin. See Griffin.] (Zo\'94l.) A vulture; the griffin. [Written also gripe.] [Obs.]

Gryph\'91a

Gry*ph\'91"a (?), n. [NL., fr. I gryphus, or qryps, gen. gryphis, a griffin.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of cretaceous fossil shells allied to the oyster.

Gryphite

Gryph"ite (?), n. [Cf. F. gryphite.] (Paleon.) A shell of the genus Gryphea.

Gryphon

Gryph"on (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The griffin vulture.

Grysbok

Grys"bok (?) n. [D. grijs gray + bok buck.] (Zo\'94l.) A small South African antelope (Neotragus melanotis). It is speckled with gray and chestnut, above; the under parts are reddish fawn.

Guacharo

Gua*cha"ro (?), n. [Cf. Sp. gu\'a0charo sickly, dropsical, guacharaca a sort of bird.] (Zo\'94l.) A nocturnal bird of South America and Trinidad (Steatornis Caripensis, or S. steatornis); -- called also oilbird. &hand; It resembles the goatsuckers and nighthawks, but feeds on fruits, and nests in caverns. A pure oil, used in place of butter, is extracted from the young by the natives.

Guacho

Gua"cho (?), n.; pl. Guachos ( [Spanish American.]

1. One of the mixed-blood (Spanish-Indian) inhabitants of the pampas of South America; a mestizo.

2. An Indian who serves as a messenger.

Guaco

Gua"co (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) (a) A plant (Aristolochia anguicida) of Carthagena, used as an antidote to serpent bites. Lindley. (b) The Mikania Guaco, of Brazil, used for the same purpose.

Guaiac

Gua"iac (?), a. [See Guaiacum.] Pertaining to, or resembling, guaiacum. -- n. Guaiacum.

Guaiacum

Gua"ia*cum (?), n. [NL., fr. Sp. guayaco, from native name in Hayti.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of small, crooked trees, growing in tropical America.

2. The heart wood or the resin of the Guaiacum offinale or lignum-vit\'91, a large tree of the West Indies and Central America. It is much used in medicine. [Written also guaiac.]

Guan

Guan (?), n. ((Zo\'94l.) Any one of many species of large gallinaceous birds of Certal and South America, belonging to Penelope, Pipile, Ortalis, and allied genera. Several of the species are often domesticated.

Guana

Gua"na (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Iguana.

Guanaco

Gua*na"co (?), n.; pl. Guanacos (#). [Sp. guanaco, Peruv. huanacu. Cf. Huanaco.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American mammal (Auchenia huanaco), allied to the llama, but of larger size and more graceful form, inhabiting the southern Andes and Patagonia. It is supposed by some to be the llama in a wild state. [Written also huanaco.]

Guanidine

Gua"ni*dine (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A strongly alkaline base, CN3H5, formed by the oxidation of guanin, and also obtained combined with methyl in the decomposition of creatin. Boiled with dilute sulphuric acid, it yields urea and ammonia.<-- NH2.CNH.NH2 -->

Guaniferous

Gua*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Guano + -ferous.] Yielding guano. Ure.

Guanin

Gua"nin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline substance (C5H5N5O) contained in guano. It is also a constituent of the liver, pancreas, and other glands in mammals.

Guano

Gua"no (?), n.; pl. Guanos (#). [Sp. guano, fr. Peruv. huanu dung.] A substance found in great abundance on some coasts or islands frequented by sea fowls, and composed chiefly of their excrement. It is rich in phosphates and ammonia, and is used as a powerful fertilizer.

Guara

Gua"ra (?), n. [Braz. guar\'a0.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The scarlet ibis. See Ibis. (b) A large-maned wild dog of South America (Canis jubatus) -- named from its cry.

Guarana

Gua"ra*na` (?), n. [Pg.] (Med.) A preparation from the seeds of Paullinia sorbilis, a woody climber of Brazil, used in making an astringent drink, and also in the cure of headache.

Guaranine

Gua"ra*nine` (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from guarana. Same as Caffeine.

Guarantee

Guar`an*tee" (?), n.; pl. Guarantees (#). [For guaranty, prob. influenced by words like assignee, lessee, etc. See Guaranty, and cf. Warrantee.]

1. In law and common usage: A promise to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some duty, in case of the failure of another person, who is, in the first instance, liable to such payment or performance; an engagement which secures or insures another against a contingency; a warranty; a security. Same as Guaranty.

His interest seemed to be a guarantee for his zeal. Macaulay.

2. One who binds himself to see an undertaking of another performed; a guarantor. South.

&hand; Guarantor is the correct form in this sense.

3. (Law) The person to whom a guaranty is made; -- the correlative of guarantor. Syn. -- Guarantee, Warranty. A guarantee is an engagement that a certain act will be done or not done in future. A warranty is an engagement as to the qualities or title of a thing at the time of the engagement.

Guarantee

Guar"an*tee`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. guaranteed (?); p, pr. & vb. n. Guaranteeing.] [From Guarantee, n.] In law and common usage: to undertake or engage for the payment of (a debt) or the performance of (a duty) by another person; to undertake to secure (a possession, right, claim, etc.) to another against a specified contingency, or at all avents; to give a guarantee concerning; to engage, assure, or secure as a thing that may be depended on; to warrant; as, to guarantee the execution of a treaty.
The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government. Constitution of the U. S.

Guarantor

Guar"an*tor` (?), n. [See Guaranty, and cf. Warrantor.] (Law) (a) One who makes or gives a guaranty; a warrantor; a surety. (b) One who engages to secure another in any right or possession.

Guaranty

Guar"an*ty (?), n.; pl. Guaranies (#). [OF. guarantie, garantie, F. garantie, OF. guarantir, garantir, to warrant, to guaranty, E. garantir, fr. OF. guarant, garant, a warranter, F. garant; of German origin, and from the same word as warranty. See Warrant, and cf. Warranty, Guarantee.] In law and common usage: An undertaking to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some contract or duty, of another, in case of the failure of such other to pay or perform; a guarantee; a warranty; a security.

Guaranty

Guar"an*ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarantied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guarantying.] [From Guaranty, n.] In law and common usage: To undertake or engage that another person shall perform (what he hass stipulated); to undertake to be answerable for (the debt or default of another); to engage to answer for the performance of (some promise or duty by another) in case of a failure by the latter to perform; to undertake to secure (something) to another, as in the case of a contingency. See Guarantee, v. t. &hand; Guaranty agrees in form with warranty. Both guaranty and guarantee are well authorized by legal writers in the United States. The prevailing spelling, at least for the verb, is guarantee.

Guard

Guard (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarded; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gurding.] [OF. guarder, garder, warder, F. garder, fr. OHG. wart to be on the watch, await, G. marten. See Ward, v. & n., and cf. Guard, n.]

1. To protect from danger; to secure against surprise, attack, or injury; to keep in safety; to defend; to shelter; to shield from surprise or attack; to protect by attendance; toaccompany for protection; to vare for.

For Heaven still guards the right. Shak.

2. To keep watch over, in order to prevent escape or restrain from acts of violence, or the like.

3. To protect the edge of, esp. with an ornamental border; hence, to face or ornament with lists, laces, etc. <-- (

The body of your discourse it sometime guarded with fragments, and the guards are but slightly basted on neither. Shak.

4. To fasten by binding; to gird. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Syn. -- To defend, protect, shield; keep; watch.

Guard

Guard (g&aum;rd), v. i. To watch by way of caution or defense; to be caution; to be in a state or position of defense or safety; as, careful persons guard against mistakes.

Guard

Guard, n. [OF. guarde, F. garde; of German origin; cf. OHG. wart, marto, one who watches, mata a watching, Goth. wardja watchman. See Guard, v. t.]

1. One who, or that which, guards from injury, danger, exposure, or attack; defense; protection.

His greatness was no guard to bar heaven's shaft. Shak.

2. A man, or body of men, stationed to protect or control a person or position; a watch; a sentinel.

The guard which kept the door of the king's house. Kings xiv. 27.

3. One who has charge of a mail coach or a railway train; a conductor. [Eng.]

4. Any fixture or attachment designed to protect or secure against injury, soiling, or defacement, theft or loss; as: (a) That part of a sword hilt which protects the hand. (b) Ornamental lace or hem protecting the edge of a garment. (c) A chain or cord for fastening a watch to one's person or dress. (d) A fence or rail to prevent falling from the deck of a vessel. (e) An extension of the deck of a vessel beyond the hull; esp., in side-wheel steam vessels, the framework of strong timbers, which curves out on each side beyond the paddle wheel, and protects it and the shaft against collision. (f) A plate of metal, beneath the stock, or the lock frame, of a gun or pistol, having a loop, called a bow, to protect the trigger. (g) (Bookbinding) An interleaved strip at the back, as in a scrap book, to guard against its breaking when filled.

5. A posture of defense in fencing, and in bayonet and saber exercise.

6. An expression or admission intended to secure against objections or censure.

They have expressed themselves with as few guards and restrictions as I. Atterbury.

7. Watch; heed; care; attention; as, to keep guard.

8. (Zo\'94l.) The fibrous sheath which covers the phragmacone of the Belemnites. &hand; Guard is often used adjectively or in combination; as, guard boat or guardboat; guardroom or guard room; guard duty. Advanced guard, Coast guard, etc. See under Advanced, Coast, etc. -- Grand guard (Mil.), one of the posts of the second line belonging to a system of advance posts of an army. Mahan. -- Guard boat. (a) A boat appointed to row the rounds among ships of war in a harbor, to see that their officers keep a good lookout. (b) A boat used by harbor authorities to enforce the observance of quarantine regulations. -- Guard cells (Bot.), the bordering cells of stomates; they are crescent-shaped and contain chlorophyll. -- Guard chamber, a guardroom. -- Guard detail (Mil.men from a company regiment etc., detailed for guard duty. -- Guard duty (Mil.), the duty of watching patrolling, etc., performed by a sentinel or sentinels. -- Guard lock (Engin.), a tide lock at the mouth of a dock or basin. -- Guard of honor (Mil.), a guard appointed to receive or to accompany eminent persons. -- Guard rail (Railroads), a rail placed on the inside of a main rail, on bridges, at switches, etc., as a safeguard against derailment. -- Guard ship, a war vessel appointed to superintend the marine affairs in a harbor, and also, in the English service, to receive seamen till they can be distributed among their respective ships. -- Life guard (Mil.), a body of select troops attending the person of a prince or high officer. -- Off one's guard, in a careless state; inattentive; unsuspicious of danger. -- On guard, serving in the capacity of a guard; doing duty as a guard or sentinel; watching. -- On one's guard, in a watchful state; alert; vigilant. -- To mount guard (Mil.), to go on duty as a guard or sentinel. -- To run the guard/mcol>, to pass the watch or sentinel without leave. Syn. -- Defense; shield; protection; safeguard; convoy; escort; care; attention; watch; heed.

Guardable

Guard"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. gardable. See Guard, v. t.] Capable of being guarded or protected.

Guardage

Guard"age (?), n. [Cf. OF. wardage. See Guard, v. t.] Wardship [Obs.] Shak.

Guardant

Guard"ant (?), a. [OF. guardant, p. pr. of guard. See Guard, v. t.]

1. Acting as guardian. [Obs.] Shak.

2. (Her.) Same as Gardant.

Guardant

Guard"ant, n. A guardian. [Obs.] Shak.

Guarded

Guard"ed, a. Cautious; wary; circumspect; as, he was guarded in his expressions; framed or uttered with caution; as, his expressions were guarded. -- Guard"edly, adv. -- Guard"ed*ness, n.

Guardenage

Guard"en*age (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs. & R.] " His tuition and guardenage." Holland.

Guarder

Guard"er (?), n. One who guards.

Guardfish

Guard"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The garfish.

Guardful

Guard"ful (?), a. Cautions; wary; watchful. [Obs. or Poetic.] -- Guard"ful*ly, adv.

Guardhouse

Guard"house` (?), n. (Mil.) A building which is occupied by the guard, and in which soldiers are confined for misconduct; hence, a lock-up.

Guardian

Guard"i*an (?), n. [OF. guardain, gardien, F. gardien, LL. guardianus. See Guard, v. t., and cf. Wasden.]

1. One who guards, preserves, or secures; one to whom any person or thing is committed for protection, security, or preservation from injury; a warden.

2. (Law) One who has, or is entitled to, the custody of the person or property of an infant, a minor without living parents, or a person incapable of managing his own affairs.

Of the several species of guardians, the first are guardians by nature. -- viz., the father and (in some cases) the mother of the child. Blockstone.
Guardian ad litem ( (Law), a guardian appointed by a court of justice to conduct a particular suit. -- Guardians of the poor, the members of a board appointed or elected to care for the relief of the poor within a township, or district.
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Guardian

Guard"i*an (?), a. Performing, or appropriate to, the office of a protector; as, a guardian care. Feast of Guardian Angels (R. C. Ch.) a church festival instituted by Pope Paul V., and celebrated on October 2d. -- Guardian angel. (a) The particular spiritual being believed in some branches of the Christian church to have guardianship and protection of each human being from birth. (b) Hence, a protector or defender in general. O. W. Holmes. -- Guardian spirit, in the belief of many pagan nations, a spirit, often of a deceased relative or friend, that presides over the interests of a household, a city, or a region.

Guardianage

Guard"i*an*age (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs.]

Guardiance

Guard"i*ance (?), n. Guardianship. [Obs.]

Guardianess

Guard"i*an*ess (?), n. A female guardian.
I have placed a trusty, watchful guardianess. Beau. & Fl.

Guardianless

Guard"i*an*less, a. Without a guardian. Marston.

Guardianship

Guard"i*an*ship, n. The office, duty, or care, of a guardian; protection; care; watch.

Guardless

Guard"less (?), a. Without a guard or defense; unguarded. Chapman.

Guardroom

Guard"room` (?), n. (Mil.) The room occupied by the guard during its term of duty; also, a room where prisoners are confined.

Guards

Guards (g&aum;rdz), n. pl. A body of picked troops; as, "The Household Guards."

Guardship

Guard"ship, n. Care; protection. [Obs.] Swift.

Guardsman

Guards"man (?), n.; pl. Guardsmen (.

1. One who guards; a guard.

2. A member, either officer or private, of any military body called Guards.

Guarish

Guar"ish (?), v. t. [OF. guarir, garir, F. gu\'82rir.] To heal. [Obs.] Spenser.

Guatemala grass

Gua`te*ma"la grass" (?). (Bot.) See Teosinte.

Guava

Gua"va (?), n. [Sp. guayaba the guava fruit, guayabo the guava tree; prob. fr. the native West Indian name.] A tropical tree, or its fruit, of the genus Psidium. Two varieties are well known, the P. pyriferum, or white guava, and P. pomiferum, or red guava. The fruit or berry is shaped like a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat astringent, but makes a delicious jelly.

Gubernance

Gu"ber*nance (?), n. Government. [Obs.]

Gubernate

Gu"ber*nate (?), v. t. [L. gubernatus, p. p. of gubernare. See Govern.] To govern. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Gubernation

Gu"ber*na`tion (?), n. [L. gubernatio.] The act of governing; government [Obs.] I. Watts.

Gubernative

Gu"ber*na*tive (?), a. Governing. [Obs.]

Gubernatorial

Gu"ber*na*to`ri*al (?), a. [L. gubernator governor. See Gabernate.] Pertaining to a governor, or to government.

Gudgeon

Gud"geon (?), n. [OE. gojon, F. goujon, from L. gobio, or gob, Gr. 1st Goby. ]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A small European freshwater fish (Gobio fluviatilis), allied to the carp. It is easily caught and often used for food and for bait. In America the killifishes or minnows are often called gudgeons.

2. What may be got without skill or merit.

Fish not, with this melancholy bait, For this fool gudgeon, this opinion. Shak.

3. A person easily duped or cheated. Swift.

4. (Mach.) The pin of iron fastened in the end of a wooden shaft or axle, on which it turns; formerly, any journal, or pivot, or bearing, as the pintle and eye of a hinge, but esp. the end journal of a horizontal.

6. (Naut.) A metal eye or socket attached to the sternpost to receive the pintle of the rudder. Ball gudgeon. See under Ball.

Gudgeon

Gud"geon, v. t. To deprive fraudulently; to cheat; to dupe; to impose upon. [R.]
To be gudgeoned of the opportunities which had been given you. Sir IV. Scott.

Gue

Gue (?), n. A sharper; a rogue. [Obs.] J. Webstar.

Gueber Guebre

Gue"ber Gue"bre
(?), n. Same as Gheber.

Guelderrose'

Guel"der*rose' (?), n. [Supposed to be brought from Guelderland; hence, D. Geldersche roos, G. Gelderische rose, F. rose de Gueldre, It. rose di Gueldra, Sp. rosa de Gueldres.] (Bot.) A cultivated variety of a species of Viburnum (V. Opulus), bearing large bunches of white flowers; -- called also snowball tree.

Guelph, Guelf

Guelph, Guelf (?), n. [It. Guelfo, from Welf, the name of a German family.] (Hist.) One of a faction in Germany and Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which supported the House of Guelph and the pope, and opposed the Ghibellines, or faction of the German emperors.

Guelphic, Guelfic

Guelph"ic, Guelf"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the family or the facttion of the Guelphs.

Guenon

Guenon" (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several long-tailed Oriental monkeys, of the genus Cercocebus, as the green monkey and grivet.

Gueparde

Gue`parde" (?), n. [Cf. F. gu\'82pard.] (Zo\'94l.) The cheetah.

Guerdon

Guer"don (?), n. [OF. guerdon, guerredon, LL. widerdonum (influenced by L. donum gift, cf. Donation ), fr. OHG. widarl; widar again, against (G. wider wieder) + l&omac;n reward, G. lohn, akin to AS. le\'a0n Goth. laun. See Withers.] A reward; requital; recompense; -- used in both a good and a bad sense. Macaulay.
So young as to regard men's frown or smile As loss or guerdon of a glorious lot. Byron.
He shall, by thy revenging hand, at once receive the just guerdon of all his former villainies. Knolles.

Guerdon

Guer"don (?), v. t. [OF. guerdonner, guerredonner. See Guerdon, n.] To give guerdon to; to reward; to be a recompense for. [R.]
Him we gave a costly bribe To guerdon silence. Tennyson.

Guerdonable

Guer"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. guerredonable.] Worthy of reward. Sir G. Buck.

Guerdonless

Guer"don*less, a. Without reward or guerdon.

Guereza

Gue*re"za (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A beautiful Abyssinian monkey (Colobus guereza), having the body black, with a fringe of long, silky, white hair along the sides, and a tuft of the same at the end of the tail. The frontal band, cheeks, and chin are white.

Guerilla

Gue*ril"la (?), a. See Guerrilla.

Guerite

Guer"ite (?), n. [F. gu\'82rite.] (Fort.) A projecting turret for a sentry, as at the salient angles of works, or the acute angles of bastions.

Guernsey lily

Guern"sey lil"y (?). (Bot.) A South African plant (Nerine Sarniensis) with handsome lilylike flowers, naturalized on the island of Guernsey.

Guerrilla

Guer*ril"la (?), n. [Sp., lit., a little war, skirmish, dim. of guerra war, fr. OHG. werra discord, strife. See War.]

1. An irregular mode of carrying on war, by the constant attacks of independent bands, adopted in the north of Spain during the Peninsular war.

2. One who carries on, or assists in carrying on, irregular warfare; especially, a member of an independent band engaged in predatory excursions in war time. &hand; The term guerrilla is the diminutive of the Spanish word guerra, war, and means petty war, that is, war carried on by detached parties; generally in the mountains. . . . A guerrilla party means, an irregular band of armed men, carrying on an irregular war, not being able, according to their character as a guerrilla party, to carry on what the law terms a regular war. F. Lieder.

Guerrilla

Guer*ril"la, a. Pertaining to, or engaged in, warfare carried on irregularly and by independent bands; as, a guerrilla party; guerrilla warfare.

Guess

Guess (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guessing.] [OE. gessen; akin to Dan. gisse, Sw. gissa, Icel. gizha, D. gissen: cf. Dan. giette to guess, Icel. geta to get, to guess. Probably originally, to try to get, and akin to E. get. See Get.]

1. To form an opinion concerning, without knowledge or means of knowledge; to judge of at random; to conjecture.

First, if thou canst, the harder reason guess. Pope.

2. To judge or form an opinion of, from reasons that seem preponderating, but are not decisive.

We may then guess how far it was from his design. Milton.
Of ambushed men, whom, by their arms and dress, To be Taxallan enemies I guess. Dryden.

3. To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture rightly; as, he who guesses the riddle shall have the ring; he has guessed my designs.

4. To hit upon or reproduce by memory. [Obs.]

Tell me their words, as near as thou canst guess them. Shak.

5. To think; to suppose; to believe; to imagine; -- followed by an objective clause.

Not all together; better far, I guess, That we do make our entrance several ways. Shak.
But in known images of life I guess The labor greater. Pope.
Syn. -- To conjecture; suppose; surmise; suspect; divine; think; imagine; fancy. -- To Guess, Think, Reckon. Guess denotes, to attempt to hit upon at random; as, to guess at a thing when blindfolded; to conjecture or form an opinion on hidden or very slight grounds: as, to guess a riddle; to guess out the meaning of an obscure passage. The use of the word guess for think or believe, although abundantly sanctioned by good English authors, is now regarded as antiquated and objectionable by discriminating writers. It may properly be branded as a colloguialism and vulgarism when used respecting a purpose or a thing about which there is no uncertainty; as, I guess I 'll go to bed.

Guess

Guess, v. i. To make a guess or random judgment; to conjecture; -- with at, about, etc
This is the place, as well as I may guess. Milton.

Guess

Guess, n. An opinion as to anything, formed without sufficient or decisive evidence or grounds; an attempt to hit upon the truth by a random judgment; a conjecture; a surmise.
A poet must confess His art 's like physic -- but a happy guess. Dryden.

Guessable

Guess"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being guessed.

Guesser

Guess"er (?), n. One who guesses; one who forms or gives an opinion without means of knowing.

Guessingly

Guess"ing*ly, adv. By way of conjecture. Shak.

Guessive

Guess"ive (?), a. Conjectural. [Obs.] Feltham.

Guess rope

Guess" rope" (?). (Naut.) A guess warp.

Guess warp

Guess" warp" (?). (Naut.) A rope or hawser by which a vessel is towed or warped along; -- so called because it is necessary to guess at the length to be carried in the boat making the attachment to a distant object.

Guesswork

Guess"work` (?), n. Work performed, or results obtained, by guess; conjecture.

Guest

Guest (?), n. [OE. gest, AS. g\'91st, gest; akin to OS., D., & G. gust, Icel gestr, Sw. g\'84st, Dan. Gj\'84st, Goth. gast, Russ. goste, and to L. hostis enemy, stranger; the meaning stranger is the older one, but the root is unknown. Cf. Host an army, Hostile.]

1. A visitor; a person received and entertained in one's house or at one's table; a visitor entertained without pay.

To cheer his gueste, whom he had stayed that night. Spenser.
True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest. Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest. Pope.

Guest

Guest (?), v. t. To receive or entertain hospitably. [Obs.] Sylvester.

Guest

Guest, v. i. To be, or act the part of, a guest. [Obs.]
And tell me, best of princes, who he was That guested here so late. Chapman.

Guest rope

Guest" rope" (?). (Naut.) The line by which a boat makes fast to the swinging boom. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Guestwise

Guest"wise" (?), adv. In the manner of a guest.

Gue'vi

Gue'vi (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several very small species and varieties of African antelopes, of the genus Cephalophus, as the Cape guevi or kleeneboc (C. pyg. m\'91a); -- called also pygmy antelope.

Guffaw

Guf*faw" (, n. A loud burst of laughter, a horse laugh. "A hearty low guffaw." Carlyle.

Guffer

Guf"fer (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The eelpout; guffer eel.

Guggle

Gug"gle (?), v. i. See Gurgle.

Guhr

Guhr (?), n. [G.] A loose, earthy deposit from water, found in the cavities or clefts of rocks, mostly white, but sometimes red or yellow, from a mixture of clay or ocher. P. Cleaveland.

Guiac

Gui"ac (?), n. Same as Guaiac.

Guiacol

Gui"a*col (?), n. [Guiac + -ol.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid, C6H4,OCH3.OH<-- ##comma in original. error? -->, resembling the phenols, found as a constituent of woodtar creosote, aud produced by the dry distillation of guaiac resin.

Guiacum

Gui"a*cum (?), n. Same as Guaiacum.

Guib

Guib (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A West African antelope (Tragelaphus scriptus), curiously marked with white stripes and spots on a reddish fawn ground, and hence called harnessed antelope; -- called also guiba.

Guicowar

Gui"co*war (?), n. [Mahratta g&amac;ekw&amac;r, prop., a cowherd.] The title of the sovereign of Guzerat, in Western India; -- generally called the Guicowar of Baroda, which is the capital of the country.

Guidable

Guid"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being guided; willing to be guided or counseled. Sprat.

Guidage

Guid"age (?), n. [See Guide.]

1. The reward given to a guide for services. [R.] Ainsworth.

2. Guidance; lead; direction. [R.] Southey.

Guidance

Guid"ance (?), n. [See Guide.] The act or result of guiding; the superintendence or assistance of a guide; direction; government; a leading.
His studies were without guidance and without plan. Macaulay.

Guide

Guide (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guided; p. pr. & vb. n. Guiding.] [OE. guiden, gyden, F. guiaer, It. guidare; prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. ritan to watch over, give heed to, Icel. viti signal, AS. witan to know. The word prob. meant, to indicate, point to, and hence, to show the way. Cf. Wit, Guy a rope, Gye.]

1. To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path; to pilot; as, to guide a traveler.

I wish . . . you 'ld guide me to your sovereign's court. Shak.

2. To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to superintend the training or education of; to instruct and influence intellectually or morally; to train.

He will guide his affairs with discretion. Ps. cxii. 5.
The meek will he guide in judgment. Ps. xxv. 9.

Guide

Guide, n. [OE. giae, F. guide, It. guida. See Guide, v. t.]

1. A person who leads or directs another in his way or course, as in a strange land; one who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a conductor; also, that which guides; a guidebook.

2. One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or course of lifo; a director; a regulator.

He will be our guide, even unto death. Ps. xlviii. 14.

3. Any contrivance, especially one having a directing edge, surface, or channel, for giving direction to the motion of anything, as water, an instrument, or part of a machine, or for directing the hand or eye, as of an operator; as: (a) (Water Wheels) A blade or channel for directing the flow of water to the wheel buckets. (b) (Surgery) A grooved director for a probe or knife. (c) (Printing) A strip or device to direct the compositor's eye to the line of copy he is setting.

4. (Mil.) A noncommissioned officer or soldier placed on the directiug flank of each subdivision of a column of troops, or at the end of a line, to mark the pivots, formations, marches, and alignments in tactics. Farrow. Guide bar (Mach.), the part of a steam engine on which the crosshead slides, and by which the motion of the piston rod is kept parallel to the cylinder, being a substitute for the parallel motion; -- called also guide, and slide bar. -- Guide block (Steam Engine), a block attached in to the crosshead to work in contact with the guide bar. -- Guide meridian. (Surveying) See under Meridian. -- Guide pile (Engin.), a pile driven to mark a place, as a point to work to. -- Guide pulley (Mach.), a pulley for directing or changing the line of motion of belt; an idler. Knight. -- Guide rail (Railroads), an additional rail, between the others, gripped by horizontal driving wheels on the locomotive, as a means of propulsion on steep gradients.

Guideboard

Guide"board` (?), n. A board, as upon a guidepost having upon it directions or information as to the road. Lowell.

Guidebook

Guide"book` (?), n. A book of directions and information for travelers, tourists, etc.

Guideless

Guide"less, a. Without a guide. Dryden.

Guidepost

Guide"post` (?), n. A post at the fork of a road, with a guideboard on it, to direct travelers.

Guider

Guid"er (?), n. A guide; a director. Shak.

Guideress

Guid"er*ess (?), n. A female guide. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Guidguid

Guid"guid` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American ant bird of the genus Hylactes; -- called also barking bird.

Guidon

Gui"don (?), n. [F. guidon, It. guidone. See Guide, v. t.]

1. A small flag or streamer, as that carried by cavalry, which is broad at one end and nearly pointed at the other, or that used to direct the movements of a body of infantry, or to make signals at sea; also, the flag of a guild or fraternity. In the United States service, each company of cavalry has a guidon.

The pendants and guidons were carried by the officer of the army. Evelyn.

Page 657

2. One who carries a flag. Johnson.

3. One of a community established at Rome, by Charlemagne, to guide pilgrims to the Holy Land.

Gulge

Gulge (?), n. [Obs.] See Gige.

Guild

Guild (?), n. [OE. gilds, AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, a society or company where payment was made for its charge and support, fr. AS. gildan, gieldan, to pay. See Yield, v. t.]

1. An association of men belonging to the same class, or engaged in kindred pursuits, formed for mutual aid and protection; a business fraternity or corporation; as, the Stationers' Guild; the Ironmongers' Guild. They were originally licensed by the government, and endowed with special privileges and authority.

2. A guildhall. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. A religious association or society, organized for charitable purposes or for assistance in parish work.

Guildable

Guild"a*ble (?), a. Liable to a tax. [Obs.]

Guilder

Guil"der (?), n. [D. gulden, orig., golden. Cf. Golden.] A Dutch silver coin worth about forty cents; -- called also florin and gulden.

Guildhall

Guild"hall` (?), n. The hall where a guild or corporation usually assembles; a townhall.

Guile

Guile (?), n. [OE. guile, gile, OF. guile; of German origin, and the same word as E. wile. See Wile.] Craft; deceitful cunning; artifice; duplicity; wile; deceit; treachery.
Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile. John i. 47.
To wage by force or guile eternal war. Milton.

Guile

Guile, v. t. [OF. guiler. See Guile, n.] To disguise or conceal; to deceive or delude. [Obs.] Spenser.

Guileful

Guile"ful (?), a. Full of guile; characterized by cunning, deceit, or treachery; guilty. -- Guile"ful*ly, adv. -- Guile"ful*ness, n.

Guileless

Guile"less, a. Free from guile; artless. -- Guile"less*ly, adv. Guile"less*ness, n.

Guilor

Guil"or (?), n. [Cf. OF. guileor.] A deceiver; one who deludes, or uses guile. [Obs.] Spenser.

Guillemet

Guil"le*met` (?), n. [F.] A quotation mark. [R.]

Guillemot

Guil"le*mot` (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several northern sea birds, allied to the auks. They have short legs, placed far back, and are expert divers and swimmers. &hand; The common guillemots, or murres, belong to the genus Uria (as U. troile); the black or foolish guillemot (Cepphus grylle, formerly Uria grylle), is called also sea pigeon and eligny. See Murre.

Guillevat

Guil`le*vat" [?], n. [F. guilloire (fr. guiller to work, ferment)+ E. vat.] A vat for fermenting liquors.

Guilloche

Guil"loche` (?), n. [F. guillochis; -- said to be fr. Guillot, the inventor of a machine for carving it.] (Arch.) An ornament in the form of two or more bands or strings twisted over each other in a continued series, leaving circular openings which are filled with round ornaments.

Guilloched

Guil*loched" (?), a. Waved or engine-turned. Mollett.

Guillotine

Guil"lo*tine` (?), n. [F., from Guillotin, a French physician, who proposed, in the Constituent Assembly of 1789, to abolish decapitation with the ax or sword. The instrument was invented by Dr. Antoine Louis, and was called at first Louison or Louisette. Similar machines, however, were known earlier.]

1. A machine for beheading a person by one stroke of a heavy ax or blade, which slides in vertical guides, is raised by a cord, and let fall upon the neck of the victim.

2. Any machine or instrument for cutting or shearing, resembling in its action a guillotine.

Guillotine

Guil"lo*tine` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guillotined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guillotining.] [Cf. F. guillotiner.] To behead with the guillotine.

Guilt

Guilt (?), n. [OE. gilt, gult, AS. gylt, crime; probably originally signifying, the fine or mulct paid for an offence, and afterward the offense itself, and akin to AS. gieldan to pay, E. yield. See Yield, v. t.]

1. The criminality and consequent exposure to punishment resulting from willful disobedience of law, or from morally wrong action; teh state of one who has broken a moral or political law; crime; criminality; offense against right.

Satan had not answer, but stood struck With guilt of his own sin. Milton.

2. Exposure to any legal penalty or forfeiture.

A ship incurs guilt by the violation of a blockade. Kent.

Guiltily

Guilt"i*ly (?), adv. In a guilty manner.

Guiltiness

Guilt"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being guilty.

Guiltless

Guilt"less, a.

1. Free from guilt; innocent.

The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. Ex. xx. 7.

2. Without experience or trial; unacquainted (with).

Such gardening tools, as art, yet rude, Guiltless of fire, had formed. Milton.
-- Guilt"less*ly, adv. -- Guilt"less*ness, n.

Guilt-sick

Guilt"-sick` (?), a. Made sick by consciousness of guilt. "A guilt-sick conscience." Beau. c& El.

Guilty

Guilt"y (?), a. [Compar. Gultier (?); superl. Guiltiest.] [AS. gyltig liable. See Guilt.]

1. Having incurred guilt; criminal; morally delinquent; wicked; chargeable with, or responsible for, something censurable; justly exposed to penalty; -- used with of, and usually followed by the crime, sometimes by the punishment.

They answered and said, He is guilty of death. Matt. xxvi. 66.
Nor he, nor you, were guilty of the strife. Dryden.

2. Evincing or indicating guilt; involving guilt; as, a guilty look; a guilty act; a guilty feeling.

3. Conscious; cognizant. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

4. Condemned to payment. [Obs. & R.] Dryden.

Guiltylike

Guilt"y*like` (?), adv. Guiltily. [Obs.] Shak.

Guinea

Guin"ea (?), n.

1. A district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for its export of gold and slaves) after which the Guinea fowl, Guinea grass, Guinea peach, etc., are named.

2. A gold coin of England current for twenty-one shillings sterling, or about five dollars, but not coined since the issue of sovereigns in 1817.

The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it was first struck, was proclaimed in 1663, and to go for twenty shillings; but it never went for less than twenty-one shillings. Pinkerton.
Guinea corn. (Bot.) See Durra. -- Guinea Current (Geog.), a current in the Atlantic Ocean setting southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the coast of Guinea.-- Guinea dropper one who cheats by dropping counterfeit guineas. [Obs.] Gay. -- Guinea fowl, Guinea hen (Zo\'94l.), an African gallinaceous bird, of the genus Numida, allied to the pheasants. The common domesticated species (N. meleagris), has a colored fleshy horn on each aide of the head, and is of a dark gray color, variegated with small white spots. The crested Guinea fowl (N. cristata) is a finer species.-- Guinea grains (Bot.), grains of Paradise, or amomum. See Amomum. -- Guinea grass (Bot.), a tall strong forage grass (Panicum jumentorum) introduced. from Africa into the West Indies and Southern United States. -- Guinea-hen flower (Bot.), a liliaceous flower (Fritillaria Meleagris) with petals spotted like the feathers of the Guinea hen. -- Guinea peach. See under Peach. -- Guinea pepper (Bot.), the pods of the Xylopia aromatica, a tree of the order Anonace\'91, found in tropical West Africa. They are also sold under the name of Piper \'92thiopicum. --Guinea pig. [Prob. a mistake for Guiana pig.] (a) (Zo\'94l.) A small Brazilian rodent (Cavia cobaya), about seven inches in length and usually of a white color, with spots of orange and black.<-- called also cavy -- used commonly as an experimental animal in laboratory research. (c). metaphorically, any animal or person used in an experiment; -- often applied to people who are unwillingly or unknowingly subjected by authorities to policies or procedures which might cause bodily or mental harm. --> (b) A contemptuous sobriquet. Smollett<-- obs in this sense now. -->. -- Guinea plum (Bot.), the fruit of Parinarium excelsum, a large West African tree of the order Chrysobalane\'91, having a scarcely edible fruit somewhat resembling a plum, which is also called gray plum and rough-skin plum. -- Guinea worm (Zo\'94l.), a long and slender African nematoid worm (Filaria Medinensis) of a white color. It lives in the cellular tissue of man, beneath the skin, and produces painful sores.

Guipure

Gui*pure" (?), n. [F.] A term used for lace of different kinds; most properly for a lace of large pattern and heavy material which has no ground or mesh, but has the pattern held together by connecting threads called bars or brides.

Guirland

Guir"land (?), n. [Obs.] See Garland.

Guise

Guise (?), n. [OE. guise, gise, way, manner, F. guise, fr. OHG. w\'c6sa, G. weise. See Wise, n.]

1. Customary way of speaking or acting; custom; fashion; manner; behavior; mien; mode; practice; -- often used formerly in such phrases as: at his own guise; that is, in his own fashion, to suit himself. Chaucer.

The swain replied, "It never was our guise To slight the poor, or aught humane despise." Pope.

2. External appearance in manner or dress; appropriate indication or expression; garb; shape.

As then the guise was for each gentle swain. Spenser.
A . . . specter, in a far more terrific guise than any which ever yet have overpowered the imagination. Burke.

3. Cover; cloak; as, under the guise of patriotism.

Guiser

Guis"er (?), n. [From Guise.] A person in disguise; a masker; a mummer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Guitar

Gui*tar" (?), n. [F. guitare; cf. Pr., Sp., & Pg.guitarra, It. chitarra; all fr. Gr. cithara. Cf. Cittern, Gittern.] A stringed instrument of music resembling the lute or the violin, but larger, and having six strings, three of silk covered with silver wire, and three of catgut, -- played upon with the fingers.

Guitguit

Guit"guit` (?), n. [So called from its note.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of small tropical American birds of the family C\'d2rebid\'91, allied to the creepers; -- called also quit. See Quit.

Gula

Gu"la (?), n.; pl. L. Gul\'92 (#), E. Gulas (#). [L., the throat, gullet.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The upper front of the neck, next to the chin; the upper throat. (b) A plate which in most insects supports the submentum.

2. (Arch.) A capping molding. Same as Cymatium.

Gular

Gu"lar (?), a. [Cf. F. gulaire.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the gula or throat; as, gular plates. See Illust. of Bird, and Bowfin.

Gulaund

Gu"laund (?), n. [Icel. gul-\'94nd.] An arctic sea bird.

Gulch

Gulch (?), n.

1. Act of gulching or gulping. [Obs.]

2. A glutton. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. A ravine, or part of the deep bed of a torrent when dry; a gully.

Gulch

Gulch, v. t. [OE. gulchen; cf. dial. Sw. g\'94lka to gulch, D. gulzig greedy, or E. gulp.] To swallow greedily; to gulp down. [Obs.]

Guid

Guid (?), n. A flower. See Gold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gulden

Gul"den (?), n. See Guilder.

Gule

Gule (?), v. t. To give the color of gules to.

Gule

Gule (?), n. The throat; the gullet. [Obs.]
Throats so wide and gules so gluttonous. Gauden.

Gules

Gules (?), n. [OE. goules, F. gueules, the same word as gueule throat, OF. gole, goule, L. gula. So named from the red color of the throat. See Gullet, and cf. Gula.] (Her.) The tincture red, indicated in seals and engraved figures of escutcheons by parallel vertical lines. Hence, used poetically for a red color or that which is red.
His sev'n-fold targe a field of gules did stain In which two swords he bore; his word, "Divide and reign." P. Fletcher.
Follow thy drum; With man's blood paint the ground; gules, gules. Shak.
Let's march to rest and set in gules, like suns. Beau. & Fl.

Gulf

Gulf (?), n. [F. golfe, It. golfo, fr. Gr. bosom, bay, gulf, LGr.

1. A hollow place in the earth; an abyss; a deep chasm or basin,

He then surveyed Hell and the gulf between. Milton.
Between us and you there is a great gulf fixed. Luke xvi. 26.

2. That which swallows; the gullet. [Obs.] Shak.

3. That which swallows irretrievably; a whirlpool; a sucking eddy. Shak.

A gulf of ruin, swallowing gold. Tennyson.

4. (Geog.) A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a partially land-locked sea; as, the Gulf of Mexico.

5. (Mining) A large deposit of ore in a lode. Gulf Stream (Geog.), the warm ocean current of the North Atlantic. It originates in the westward equatorial current, due to the trade winds, is deflected northward by Cape St. Roque through the Gulf of Mexico, and flows parallel to the coast of North America, turning eastward off the island of Nantucket. Its average rate of flow is said to be about two miles an hour. The similar Japan current, or Kuro-Siwo, is sometimes called the Gulf Stream of the Pacific. -- Gulf weed (Bot.), a branching seaweed (Sargassum bacciferum, or sea grape), having numerous berrylike air vessels, -- found in the Gulf Stream, in the Sargasso Sea, and elsewhere.

Gulfy

Gulf"y (?), a. Full of whirlpools or gulfs. Chapman.

Gulgul

Gul"gul (?), n. [Hind. galgal.] A cement made in India from sea shells, pulverized and mixed with oil, and spread over a ship's bottom, to prevent the boring of worms.

Gulist

Gu"list (?), n. [L. gulo.] A glutton. [Obs.]

Gull

Gull (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gulling.] [Prob. fr. gull the bird; but cf. OSw. gylla to deceive, D. kullen, and E. cullibility.] To deceive; to cheat; to mislead; to trick; to defraud.
The rulgar, gulled into rebellion, armed. Dryden.
I'm not gulling him for the emperor's service. Coleridge.

Gull

Gull, n.

1. A cheating or cheat; trick; fraud. Shak.

2. One easily cheated; a dupe. Shak.

Gull

Gull, n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. Corn. gullan, W. gwylan.] (Zo\'94l.) One of many species of long-winged sea birds of the genus Larus and allied genera. &hand; Among the best known American species are the herring gull (Larus argentatus), the great black-backed gull (L. murinus) the laughing gull (L. atricilla), and Bonaparte's gull (L. Philadelphia). The common European gull is Larus canus. Gull teaser (Zo\'94l.), the jager; -- also applied to certain species of terns.

Gullage

Gull"age (?), n. Act of being gulled. [Obs.]
Had you no quirk. To avoid gullage, sir, by such a creature? B. Jonson

Guller

Gull"er (?), n. One who gulls; a deceiver.

Gullery

Gull"er*y (?), n. An act, or the practice, of gulling; trickery; fraud. [R.] "A mere gullery." Selden.

Gullet

Gul"let (?), n. [OE. golet, OF. Goulet, dim. of gole, goule, throat, F. gueule, L. gula; perh. akin to Skr. gula, G. kenle; cf. F. goulet the neck of a bottle, goulotte channel gutter. Cf. Gules, Gully.]

1. (Anat.) The tube by which food and drink are carried from the pharynx to the stomach; the esophagus.

2. Something shaped like the food passage, or performing similar functions; as: (a) A channel for water. (b) (Engin.) A preparatory cut or channel in excavations, of sufficient width for the passage of earth wagons. (c) A concave cut made in the teeth of some saw blades.


Page 658

Gulleting

Gul"let*ing (?), n. (Engin.) A system of excavating by means of gullets or channels.

Gullible

Gul"li*ble (?), a. Easily gulled; that may be duped. -- Gul"li*bii`i*ty (#), n. Burke.

Gullish

Gull"ish (?), a. Foolish; stupid. [Obs.] Gull"ish*ness, n. [Obs.]

Gully

Gul"ly (?), n.; pl. Gulles (#). [Etymol. uncertain] A large knife. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Gully

Gul"ly, n.; pl. Gullies (#). [Formerly gullet.]

1. A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a current of water; a short deep portion of a torrent's bed when dry.

2. A grooved iron rail or tram plate. [Eng.] Gully gut, a glutton. [Obs.] Chapman. -- Gully hole, the opening through which gutters discharge surface water.

Gully

Gul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gullied (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gullying.] To wear into a gully or into gullies.<-- = wear down, not wear as clothing! -->

Gully

Gul"ly, v. i. To flow noisily. [Obs.] Johnson.

Gulosity

Gu*los"i*ty (?), n. [L. gulositas, fr. gulosus gluttonous. See Gullet.] Excessive appetite; greediness; voracity. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Gulp

Gulp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gulped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gulping.] [D. gulpen, cf. OD. golpe gulf.] To swallow eagerly, or in large draughts; to swallow up; to take down at one swallow.
He does not swallow, but he gulps it down. Cowper.
The old man . . . glibly gulped down the whole narrative. Fielding.
To gulp up, to throw up from the stomach; to disgorge.

Gulp

Gulp, n.

1. The act of taking a large mouthful; a swallow, or as much as is awallowed at once.

2. A disgorging. [Colloq.]

Gulph

Gulph (?), n. [Obs.] See Gulf.

Gult

Gult (?), n. Guilt. See Guilt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gulty

Gult"y (?), a. Guilty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Guly

Gul"y (?), a. Of or pertaining to gules; red. "Those fatal guly dragons." Milton.

Gum

Gum (?), n. [OE. gome, AS. gama palate; akin Co G. gaumen, OHG. goumo, guomo, Icel. g, Sw. gom; cf. Gr. The dense tissues which invest the teeth, and cover the adjacent parts of the jaws. Gum rash (Med.), strophulus in a teething child; red gum. -- Gum stick, a smooth hard substance for children to bite upon while teething.

Gum

Gum, v. t. To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw). See Gummer.

Gum

Gum, n. [OE. gomme, gumme, F. gomme, L. gummi and commis, fr. Gr. kam; cf. It. gomma.]

1. A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens when it exudes, but is soluble in water; as, gum arabic; gum tragacanth; the gum of the cherry tree. Also, with less propriety, exudations that are not soluble in water; as, gum copal and gum sandarac, which are really resins.

2. (Bot.) See Gum tree, below.

3. A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a hollow log. [Southern U. S.]

4. A rubber overshoe. [Local, U. S.] Black gum, Blue gum, British gum, etc. See under Black, Blue, etc. -- Gum Acaroidea, the resinous gum of the Australian grass tree (Xanlhorrh\'d2a). -- Gum animal (Zo\'94l.), the galago of West Africa; -- so called because it feeds on gums. See Galago. -- Gum animi or anim\'82. See Anim\'82. -- Gum arabic, a gum yielded mostly by several species of Acacia (chiefly A. vera and A. Arabica) growing in Africa and Southern Asia; -- called also gum acacia. East Indian gum arabic comes from a tree of the Orange family which bears the elephant apple. -- Gum butea, a gum yielded by the Indian plants Butea frondosa and B. superba, and used locally in tanning and in precipitating indigo. -- Gum cistus, a plant of the genus Cistus (Cistus ladaniferus), a species of rock rose.-- Gum dragon. See Tragacanth. -- Gum elastic, Elastic gum. See Caoutchouc. -- Gum elemi. See Elemi. -- Gum juniper. See Sandarac. -- Gum kino. See under Kino. -- Gum lac. See Lac. -- Gum Ladanum, a fragrant gum yielded by several Oriental species of Cistus or rock rose. -- Gum passages, sap receptacles extending through the parenchyma of certain plants (Amygdalace\'91, Cactace\'91, etc.), and affording passage for gum. -- Gum pot, a varnish maker's utensil for melting gum and mixing other ingredients. -- Gum resin, the milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to air; one of certain inspissated saps, mixtures of, or having properties of, gum and resin; a resin containing more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter. -- Gum sandarac. See Sandarac. -- Gum Senegal, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded by trees (Acacia Verek and A. Adansoni\'84) growing in the Senegal country, West Africa. -- Gum tragacanth. See Tragacanth. -- Gum tree, the name given to several trees in America and Australia: (a) The black gum (Nyssa multiflora), one of the largest trees of the Southern States, bearing a small blue fruit, the favorite food of the opossum. Most of the large trees become hollow. (b) A tree of the genus Eucalyptus. See Eucalpytus. (c) The sweet gum tree of the United States (Liquidambar styraciflua), a large and beautiful tree with pointedly lobed leaves and woody burlike fruit. It exudes an aromatic terebinthine juice. -- Gum water, a solution of gum, esp. of gum arabic, in water. -- Gum wood, the wood of any gum tree, esp. the wood of the Eucalyptus piperita, of New South Wales.

Gum

Gum, v. t. [imp. &. p. Gummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gumming.] To smear with gum; to close with gum; to unite or stiffen by gum or a gumlike substance; to make sticky with a gumlike substance.
He frets likke a gummed velvet.Shak.

Gum

Gum, v. i. To exude or from gum; to become gummy.

Gumbo

Gum"bo (?), n. [Written aalso gombo.]

1. A soup thickened with the mucilaginous pods of the okra; okra soup.

2. The okra plant or its pods.

Gumboil

Gum"boil (?), n. (Med.) A small suppurting inflamed spot on the gum.

Gumma

Gum"ma (?), n.; pl. Gummata (#). [NL. So called from its gummy contents See Gum.] (Med.) A kind of soft tumor, usually of syphilitic origin.

Gummatous

Gum*ma"tous (?), a. (Med.) Belonging to, or resembling, gumma.

Gummer

Gum"mer (?), n. [From 2d Gum.] A punch-cutting tool, or machine for deepening and enlarging the spaces between the teeth of a worn saw.

Gummiferous

Gum*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. gummi gum + -ferous.] Producing gum; gum-bearing.

Gumminess

Gum"mi*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being gummy; viscousness.

Gummite

Gum"mite (?), n. [So called because it occurs in rounded or flattened pieces which look like gum.] (Min.) A yellow amorphous mineral, essentially a hydrated oxide of uranium derived from the alteration of uraninite.

Gummosity

Gum*mos"i*ty (?), n. Gumminess; a viscous or adhesive quality or nature. [R.] Floyer.

Gummous

Gum"mous (?), a. [L. gummosus; cf. F. gommeux.]

1. Gumlike, or composed of gum; gummy.

2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to a gumma.

Gummy

Gum"my (?), a. [Compar. Gummer (Gummirst.] Consisting of gum; viscous; adhesive; producing or containing gum; covered with gum or a substance resembling gum.
Kindles the gummy bark of fir or pine. Milton.
Then rubs his gummy eyes. Dryden.
Gummy tumor (Med.), a gumma.

Gump

Gump (?), n. [Cf. Sw. & Dan. gump buttocks, rump, Icel. gumprg.] A dolt; a dunce. [Low.] Holloway.

Gumption

Gump"tion (?), n. [OE. gom, gome, attention; akin to AS. ge\'a2mian, gyman, to regard, observe, gyme care, OS. gomean to heed, Goth. gaumjan to see, notice.]

1. Capacity; shrewdness; common sense. [Colloq.]<-- in MW10 marked as chiefly dial. -->

One does not have gumption till one has been properly cheated. Lord Lytton.

2. (Paint.) (a) The art of preparing colors. Sir W. Scott. (b) Megilp. Fairholt. <-- 3. initiative = primary modern usage -->

Gun

Gun (?), n. [OE. gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir., Gael.) A LL. gunna, W. gum; possibly (like cannon) fr. L. canna reed, tube; or abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E. mangonel, a machine for hurling stones.]

1. A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance; any firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles by the explosion of gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge behind, which is ignited by various means. Muskets, rifles, carbines, and fowling pieces are smaller guns, for hand use, and are called small arms. Larger guns are called cannon, ordnance, fieldpieces, carronades, howitzers, etc. See these terms in the Vocabulary.

As swift as a pellet out of a gunne When fire is in the powder runne. Chaucer.
The word gun was in use in England for an engine to cast a thing from a man long before there was any gunpowder found out. Selden.

2. (Mil.) A piece of heavy ordnance; in a restricted sense, a cannon.

3. pl. (Naut.) Violent blasts of wind. &hand; Guns are classified, according to their construction or manner of loading as rifled or smoothbore, breech-loading or muzzle-loading, cast or built-up guns; or according to their use, as field, mountain, prairie, seacoast, and siege guns. Armstrong gun, a wrought iron breech-loading cannon named after its English inventor, Sir William Armstrong. -- Great gun, a piece of heavy ordnance; hence (Fig.), a person superior in any way. -- Gun barrel, the barrel or tube of a gun. -- Gun carriage, the carriage on which a gun is mounted or moved. -- Gun cotton (Chem.), a general name for a series of explosive nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping cotton in nitric and sulphuric acids. Although there are formed substances containing nitric acid radicals, yet the results exactly resemble ordinary cotton in appearance. It burns without ash, with explosion if confined, but quietly and harmlessly if free and open, and in small quantity. Specifically, the lower nitrates of cellulose which are insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction from the highest (pyroxylin) which is soluble. See Pyroxylin, and cf. Xyloidin. The gun cottons are used for blasting and somewhat in gunnery: for making celluloid when compounded with camphor; and the soluble variety (pyroxylin) for making collodion. See Celluloid, and Collodion. Gun cotton is frequenty but improperly called nitrocellulose. It is not a nitro compound, but an ethereal salt of nitric acid. -- Gun deck. See under Deck. -- Gun fire, the time at which the morning or the evening gun is fired. -- Gun metal, a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts of copper and one of tin, used for cannon, etc. The name is also given to certain strong mixtures of cast iron. -- Gun port (Naut.), an opening in a ship through which a cannon's muzzle is run out for firing. -- Gun tackle (Naut.), the blocks and pulleys affixed to the side of a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to and from the gun port. -- Gun tackle purchase (Naut.), a tackle composed of two single blocks and a fall. Totten. -- Krupp gun, a wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named after its German inventor, Herr Krupp. -- Machine gun, a breech-loading gun or a group of such guns, mounted on a carriage or other holder, and having a reservoir containing cartridges which are loaded into the gun or guns and fired in rapid succession, sometimes in volleys, by machinery operated by turning a crank. Several hundred shots can be fired in a minute with accurate aim. The Gatling gun, Gardner gun, Hotchkiss gun, and Nordenfelt gun, named for their inventors, and the French mitrailleuse, are machine guns. -- To blow great guns (Naut.), to blow a gale. See Gun, n., 3.

Gun

Gun (?), v. i. To practice fowling or hunting small game; -- chiefly in participial form; as, to go gunning. <-- gun for = pursue with the intent to kill; Fig., to make effort to harm someone, also used humorously; (MW10: "to aim at or go after with determination or effort") -->

Guna

Gu"na (g&oomac;"n&adot;), n. [Skr. guna quality.] In Sanskrit grammar, a lengthening of the simple vowels a, i, e, by prefixing an a element. The term is sometimes used to denote the same vowel change in other languages.

Gunarchy

Gu"nar*chy (?), n. See Gynarchy.

Gunboat

Gun"boat` (?), n. (Nav.) A vessel of light draught, carrying one or more guns.

Guncotton

Gun"cot`ton (?). See under Gun.

Gundelet

Gun"de*let (?), n. [Obs.] See Gondola. Marston.

Gunflint

Gun"flint` (?), n. A sharpened flint for the lock of a gun, to ignite the charge. It was in common use before the introduction of percussion caps. <-- used in the flintlock -->

Gunjah

Gun"jah (?), n. (Bot.) See Ganja.

Gunlock

Gun"lock` (?), n. The lock of a gun, for producing the discharge. See Lock.

Gunnage

Gun"nage (?), n. The number of guns carried by a ship of war.

Gunnel

Gun"nel (?), n. [See Gunwale.]

1. A gunwale.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A small, eel-shaped, marine fish of the genus Mur\'91noides; esp., M. gunnellus of Europe and America; -- called also gunnel fish, butterfish, rock eel.

Gunner

Gun"ner (?), n.

1. One who works a gun, whether on land or sea; a cannoneer.

2. A warrant officer in the navy having charge of the ordnance on a vessel.

3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The great northern diver or loon. See Loon. (b) The sea bream. [Prov. Eng. or Irish] Gunner's daughter, the gun to which men or boys were lashed for punishment. [Sailor's slang] W. C. Russell.

Gunnery

Gun"ner*y (?), n. That branch of military science which comprehends the theory of projectiles, and the manner of constructing and using ordnance.

Gunnie

Gun"nie (?), n. (Mining.) Space left by the removal of ore.

Gunning

Gun"ning (?), n. The act or practice of hunting or shooting game with a gun.
The art of gunning was but little practiced. Goldsmith.

Gunny, n., Gunny cloth

Gun"ny (?), n., Gun"ny cloth`
(. [Hind. gon, gon,, a sack, sacking.] A strong, coarse kind of sacking, made from the fibers (called jute) of two plants of the genus Corchorus (C. olitorius and C. capsularis), of India. The fiber is also used in the manufacture of cordage. Gunny bag, a sack made of gunny, used for coarse commodities.

Gunocracy

Gu*noc"ra*cy (?), n. See Gyneocracy.

Gunpowder

Gun"pow`der (?), n. (Chem.) A black, granular, explosive substance, consisting of an intimate mechanical mixture of niter, charcoal, and sulphur. It is used in gunnery and blasting. &hand; Gunpowder consists of from 70 to 80 per cent of niter, with 10 to 15 per cent of each of the other ingredients. Its explosive energy is due to the fact that it contains the necessary amount of oxygen for its own combustion, and liberates gases (chiefly nitrogen and carbon dioxide), which occupy a thousand or fifteen hundred times more space than the powder which generated them. Gunpowder pile driver, a pile driver, the hammer of which is thrown up by the explosion of gunpowder. -- Gunpowder plot (Eng. Hist.), a plot to destroy the King, Lords, and Commons, in revenge for the penal laws against Catholics. As Guy Fawkes, the agent of the conspirators, was about to fire the mine, which was placed under the House of Lords, he was seized, Nov. 5, 1605. Hence, Nov. 5 is known in England as Guy Fawkes Day. -- Gunpowder tea, a species of fine green tea, each leaf of which is rolled into a small ball or pellet.

Gunreach

Gun"reach` (?), n. The reach or distance to which a gun will shoot; gunshot.

Gunroom

Gun"room` (, n. (Naut.) An apartment on the after end of the lower gun deck of a ship of war, usually occupied as a messroom by the commissioned officers, except the captain; -- called wardroom in the United States navy.

Gunshot

Gun"shot` (?), n.

1. Act of firing a gun; a shot.

2. The distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun, so as to be effective; the reach or range of a gun.

Those who are come over to the royal party are supposed to be out of gunshot. Dryden.

Gunshot

Gun"shot`, a. Made by the shot of a gun: as. a gunshot wound.

Gunsmith

Gun"smith (?), n. One whose occupation is to make or repair small firearms; an armorer.

Gunsmithery, Gunsmith ing

Gunsmith`er*y (?), Gun"smith` ing, n. The art or business of a gunsmith.

Gunstick

Gun"stick (?), n. A stick to ram down the charge of a musket, etc.; a rammer or ramrod. [R.]

Gunstock

Gun"stock` (?), n. The stock or wood to which the barrel of a hand gun is fastened.

Gunstome

Gun"stome` (?), n. A cannon ball; -- so called because originally made of stone. [Obs.] Shak.
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Gunter rig

Gun"ter rig` (?). (Naut.) A topmast arranged with metal bands so that it will readily slide up and down the lower mast.

Gunter's chain

Gun"ter's chain` (?). (Surveying) The chain ordinarily used in measuring land. See Chain, n., 4, and Gunter's scale.

Gunter's line

Gun"ter's line` (?). A logarithmic line on Gunter's scale, used for performing the multiplication and division of numbers mechanically by the dividers; -- called also line of lines, and line of numbers.

Gunter's quadrant

Gun"ter's quad`rant (?). A thin quadrant, made of brass, wood, etc., showing a stereographic projection on the plane of the equator. By it are found the hour of the day, the sun's azimuth, the altitude of objects in degrees, etc. See Gunter's scale.

Gunter's scale

Gun"ter's scale` (?). A scale invented by the Rev. Edmund Gunter (1581-1626), a professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London, who invented also Gunter's chain, and Gunter's quadrant. &hand; Gunter's scale is a wooden rule, two feet long, on one side of which are marked scales of equal parts, of chords, sines, tangents, rhombs, etc., and on the other side scales of logarithms of these various parts, by means of which many problems in surveying and navigation may be solved, mechanically, by the aid of dividers alone.

Gunwale

Gun"wale (?), n. [Gun + wale. So named because the upper guns were pointed from it.] (Naut.) The upper edge of a vessel's or boat's side; the uppermost wale of a ship (not including the bulwarks); or that piece of timber which reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to the forecastle, being the uppermost bend, which finishes the upper works of the hull. [Written also gunnel.]

Gurge

Gurge (?), n. [L. gurges.] A whirlpool. [Obs.]
The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge Boils out from under ground. Milton.

Gurge

Gurge, v. t. [See Gorge.] To swallow up. [Obs.]

Gurgeons

Gur"geons (?), n. pl. [Obs.] See Grudgeons.

Gurgle

Gur"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gurgled (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Gurgling (?).] [Cf. It. gorgogliare to gargle, bubble up, fr. L. gurgulio gullet. Cf. Gargle, Gorge.] To run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a small stream among pebbles or stones.
Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace, And waste their music on the savage race. Young.

Gurgle

Gur"gle, n. The act of gurgling; a broken, bubbling noise. "Tinkling gurgles." W. Thompson.

Gurglet

Gur"glet (?), n. [See Goglet.] A porous earthen jar for cooling water by evaporation.

Gurgling-ly

Gur"gling-ly` (?), adv. In a gurgling manner.

Gurgoyle

Gur"goyle (?), n. See Gargoyle.

Gurjun

Gur"jun (?), n. A thin balsam or wood oil derived from the Diptcrocarpus l\'91vis, an East Indian tree. It is used in medicine, and as a substitute for linseed oil in the coarser kinds of paint.

Gurl

Gurl (?), n. A young person of either sex. [Obs.] See Girl. Chaucer.

Gurlet

Gur"let (?), n. (Masonry) A pickax with one sharp point and one cutting edge. Knight.

Gurmy

Gur"my (?), n. (Mining) A level; a working.

Gurnard, Gurnet

Gur"nard (?), Gur"net (?) n. [OF. gornal, gournal, gornart, perh. akin to F. grogner to grunt; cf. Ir. guirnead gurnard.] (Zo\'94l.) One ofseveral European marine fishes, of the genus Trigla and allied genera, having a large and spiny head, with mailed cheeks. Some of the species are highly esteemed for food. The name is sometimes applied to the American sea robins. [Written also gournet.] Plyling gurnard. See under Flying.

Gurniad

Gur"ni*ad (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gwiniad.

Gurry

Gur"ry (?), n. An alvine evacuation; also, refuse matter. [Obs. or Local] Holland.

Gurry

Gur"ry`, n. [Hind. garh\'c6.] A small fort. [India]

Gurt

Gurt (?), n. (Mining) A gutter or channel for water, hewn out of the bottom of a working drift. Page.

Gurts

Gurts (?), n. pl. [Cf. Grout.] Groatts. [Obs.]

Gush

Gush (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gushing.] [OE. guschen, cf. Icel. gusa and gjsa, also D. gucsen; perh. akin to AS. ge\'a2tan to pour, G. giessen, Goth. giutan, E. gut. Cf. Found to cast.]

1. To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid; to rush forth as a fluid from confinement; to flow copiously.

He smote the rock that the waters gushed out. Ps ixxviii 20.
A sea of blood gushed from the gaping wound. Spenser.

2. To make a sentimental or untimely exhibition of affection; to display enthusiasm in a silly, demonstrative manner. [Colloq.]

Gush

Gush, v. t.

1. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed plase; an emission of a liquid in a large quantity, and with force; the fluid thus emitted; a rapid outpouring of anything; as, a gush of song from a bird.

The gush of springs, An fall of lofty foundains. Byron.

2. A sentimental exhibition of affection or enthusiasm, etc.; effusive display of sentiment. [Collog.]

Gusher

Gush"er (?), n. One who gushes. [Colloq.]

Gushing

Gush"ing, a.

1. Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid; flowing copiously; as, gushing waters. "Gushing blood." Milton.

2. Emitting copiously, as tears or words; weakly and unreservedly demonstrative in matters of affection; sentimental. [Colloq.]

Gushingly

Gush"ing*ly (?), adv.

1. In a gushing manner; copiously. Byron.

2. Weakly; sentimentally; effusively. [Colloq.]

Gusset

Gus"set (?), n. [F. gousset armpit, fob, gusset, dim. of gousse pod, husk; cf. It. guscio shell, or W. cwysed gore, gusset.]

1. A small piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the purpose of strengthening some part or giving it a tapering enlargement.

Seam and gusset and band. Hood.

2. Anything resembling a gusset in a garment; as: (a) (Armor) A small piece of chain mail at the openings of the joints beneath the arms. (b) (Mach.) A kind of bracket, or angular piece of iron, fastened in the angles of a structure to give strength or stiffness; esp., the part joining the barrel and the fire box of a locomotive boiler.

3. (Her.) An abatement or mark of dishonor in a coat of arms, resembling a gusset.

Gust

Gust (?), n. [Icel. gustr a cool breeze. Cf. Gush.]

1. A sudden squall; a violent blast of wind; a sudden and brief rushing or driving of the wind. Snow, and hail, stormy gust and flaw. Milton.

2. A sudden violent burst of passion. Bacon.

Gust

Gust, n. [L. gustus; cf. It. & Sp. gusto. &root;46.]

1. The sense or pleasure of tasting; relish; gusto.

An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as much gust and appetite. Jer. Taylor.

2. Gratification of any kind, particularly that which is exquisitely relished; enjoyment.

Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust. Pope.

3. Intellectual taste; fancy.

Hal'yard

Hal'yard (?), n. [Hale, v. t. + yard.] (Naut.) A rope or tackle for hoisting or lowering yards, sails, flags, etc. [Written also halliard, haulyard.]

Halysites

Hal`y*si"tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of Silurian fossil corals; the chain corals. See Chain coral, under Chain.

Ham

Ham (?), n. Home. [North of Eng.] Chaucer.

Ham

Ham (?), n. [AS. ham; akin to D. ham, dial. G. hamme, OHG. hamma. Perh. named from the bend at the ham, and akin to E. chamber. Cf. Gammon ham.]

1. (Anat.) The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the hock.

2. The thigh of any animal; especially, the thigh of a hog cured by salting and smoking.

A plentiful lack of wit, together with most weak ham. Shak.

Hamadryad

Ham"a*dry`ad (?), n.; pl. E. Hamadryads (#), L. Hamadryades (#). [L. Hamadryas, -adis, Gr. hamadryade. See Same, and Tree.]

1. (Class. Myth.) A tree nymph whose life ended with that of the particular tree, usually an oak, which had been her abode.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A large venomous East Indian snake (Orhiophagus bungarus), allied to the cobras.

Hamadryas

Ha*ma"dry*as (?), n. [L., a hamadryad. See Hamadryad.] (Zo\'94l.) The sacred baboon of Egypt (Cynocephalus Hamadryas).

Hamamelis

Ham`a*me"lis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants which includes the witch-hazel (Hamamelis Virginica), a preparation of which is used medicinally.

Hamate

Ha"mate (?), a. [L. hamatus, fr. hamus hook.] Hooked; bent at the end into a hook; hamous.

Hamated

Ha"ma*ted (?), a. Hooked, or set with hooks; hamate. Swift.

Hamatum

Ha*ma"tum (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hamatus hooked.] (Anat.) See Unciform.

Hamble

Ham"ble (?), v. t. [OE. hamelen to mutilate, AS. hamelian; akin to OHG. hamal to mutilate, hamal mutilated, ham mutilated, Icel. hamla to mutilate. Cf.Ham to fetter.] To hamstring. [Obs.]

Hamburg

Ham"burg (?), n. A commercial city of Germany, near the mouth of the Elbe. Black Hamburg grape. See under Black. -- Hamburg , a kind of embroidered work done by machinery on cambric or muslin; -- used for trimming. -- Hamburg lake, a purplish crimson pigment resembling cochineal.

Hame

Hame (?), n. Home. [Scot. & O. Eng.]

Hame

Hame, n. [Scot. haims, hammys, hems, OE. ham; cf. D. haam.] One of the two curved pieces of wood or metal, in the harness of a draught horse, to which the traces are fastened. They are fitted upon the collar, or have pads fitting the horse's neck attached to them.

Hamel

Ham"el (?), v. t. [Obs.] Same as Hamele.

Hamesecken, Hamesucken

Hame"seck`en (?), Hame"suck`en (?), n. [AS. h\'bems. See Home, and Seek.] (Scots Law) The felonious seeking and invasion of a person in his dwelling house. Bouvier.

Hamiform

Ha"mi*form (?), n. [L. hamus hook + -form.] Hook-shaped.

Hamilton period

Ham"il*ton pe"ri*od (?). (Geol.) A subdivision of the Devonian system of America; -- so named from Hamilton, Madison Co., New York. It includes the Marcellus, Hamilton, and Genesee epochs or groups. See the Chart of Geology.

Haminura

Ham`i*nu"ra (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large edible river fish (Erythrinus macrodon) of Guiana.

Hamite

Ha"mite (?), n.[L. hamus hook.] (Paleon.) A fossil cephalopod of the genus Hamites, related to the ammonites, but having the last whorl bent into a hooklike form.

Hamite

Ham"ite (?), n. A descendant of Ham, Noah's second son. See Gen. x. 6-20.

Haitic

Ha*it"ic (?), a. Pertaining to Ham or his descendants. Hamitic languages, the group of languages spoken mainly in the Sahara, Egypt, Galla, and Som&acir;li Land, and supposed to be allied to the Semitic. Keith Johnson.

Hamlet

Ham"let (?), n. [OWE. hamelet, OF. hamelet, dim. of hamel, F. hameau, LL. hamellum, a dim. of German origin; cf. G. heim home. &root;220. See Home.] A small village; a little cluster of houses in the country.
The country wasted, and the hamlets burned. Dryden.
Syn. -- Village; neighborhood. See Village.

Hamleted

Ham"let*ed, p. a. Confined to a hamlet. Feltham.

Hammer

Ham"mer (?), n. [OE. hamer, AS. hamer, hamor; akin to D. hamer, G. & Dan. hammer, Sw. hammare, Icel. hamarr, hammer, crag, and perh. to Gr. a stone.]

1. An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, and the like, consisting of a head, usually of steel or iron, fixed crosswise to a handle.

With busy hammers closing rivets up. Shak.

2. Something which in firm or action resembles the common hammer; as: (a) That part of a clock which strikes upon the bell to indicate the hour. (b) The padded mallet of a piano, which strikes the wires, to produce the tones. (c) (Anat.) The malleus. See under Ear. (Gun.) That part of a gunlock which strikes the percussion cap, or firing pin; the cock; formerly, however, a piece of steel covering the pan of a flintlock musket and struck by the flint of the cock to ignite the priming. (e) Also, a person of thing that smites or shatters; as, St. Augustine was the hammer of heresies.

He met the stern legionaries [of Rome] who had been the "massive iron hammers" of the whole earth. J. H. Newman.
Atmospheric hammer, a dead-stroke hammer in which the spring is formed by confined air. -- Drop hammer, Face hammer, etc. See under Drop, Face, etc. -- Hammer fish. See Hammerhead. -- Hammer hardening, the process of hardening metal by hammering it when cold. -- Hammer shell (Zo\'94l.), any species of Malleus, a genus of marine bivalve shells, allied to the pearl oysters, having the wings narrow and elongated, so as to give them a hammer-shaped outline; -- called also hammer oyster. -- To bring to the hammer, to put up at auction.

Hammer

Ham"mer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hammered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hammering.]

1. To beat with a hammer; to beat with heavy blows; as, to hammer iron.

2. To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating. "Hammered money." Dryden.

3. To form in the mind; to shape by hard intellectual labor; -- usually with out.

Who was hammering out a penny dialogue. Jeffry.

Hammer

Ham"mer, v. i.

1. To be busy forming anything; to labor hard as if shaping something with a hammer.

Whereon this month I have hammering. Shak.

2. To strike repeated blows, literally or figuratively.

Blood and revenge are hammering in my head. Shak.

Hammerable

Ham"mer*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being formed or shaped by a hammer. Sherwood.

Hammer-b Ham"mer-b (?), n. (Cothic Arch.) A member of one description of roof truss, called hammer-beam truss, which is so framed as not to have a tiebeam at the top of the wall. Each principal has two hammer-beams, which occupy the situation, and to some extent serve the purpose, of a tiebeam.

Hammercloth

Ham"mer*cloth` (?; 115), n. [Prob. fr. D. hemel heaven, canopy, tester (akin to G. himmel, and perh. also to E. heaven) + E. cloth; or perh. a corruption of hamper cloth.] The cloth which covers a coach box.

Hammer-dressed

Ham"mer-dressed` (?), a. Having the surface roughly shaped or faced with the stonecutter's hammer; -- said of building stone.

Hammerer

Ham"mer*er (?), n. One who works with a hammer.

Hammer-harden

Ham"mer-hard`en (?), v. t. To harden, as a metal, by hammering it in the cold state.

Hammerhead

Ham"mer*head` (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A shark of the genus Sphyrna or Zyg\'91na, having the eyes set on projections from the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer shape. The Sphyrna zyg\'91na is found in the North Atlantic. Called also hammer fish, and balance fish.


Page 667

2. (Zo\'94l.) A fresh-water fish; the stone-roller.

3. (Zo\'94l.) An African fruit bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus); -- so called from its large blunt nozzle.

Hammerkop

Ham"mer*kop (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bird of the Heron family; the umber.

Hammer-less

Ham"mer-less, a. (Firearms) Without a visible hammer; -- said of a gun having a cock or striker concealed from sight, and out of the way of an accidental touch.

Hammerman

Ham"mer*man (?), n.; pl. Hammermen (. A hammerer; a forgeman.

Hammochrysos

Ham`mo*chry"sos (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. chryso`s gold.] A stone with spangles of gold color in it.

Hammock

Ham"mock (?), n. [A word of Indian origin: cf. Sp. hamaca. Columbus, in the Narrative of his first voyage, says: "A great many Indians in canoes came to the ship to-day for the purpose of bartering their cotton, and hamacas, or nets, in which they sleep."]

1. A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends.

2. A piece of land thickly wooded, and usually covered with bushes and vines. Used also adjectively; as, hammock land. [Southern U. S.] Bartlett. Hammock nettings (Naut.), formerly, nets for stowing hammocks; now, more often, wooden boxes or a trough on the rail, used for that purpose.

Hamose, Hamous

Ha*mose" (?), Ha"mous (?),[L. hamus hook.] (Bot.) Having the end hooked or curved.

Hamper

Ham"per (?), n. [Contr. fr. hanaper.] A large basket, usually with a cover, used for the packing and carrying of articles; as, a hamper of wine; a clothes hamper; an oyster hamper, which contains two bushels.

Hamper

Ham"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hampered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hampering.] To put in a hamper.

Hamper

Ham"per, v. t. [OE. hamperen, hampren, prob. of the same origin as E. hamble.] To put a hamper or fetter on; to shackle; to insnare; to inveigle; hence, to impede in motion or progress; to embarrass; to encumber. "Hampered nerves." Blackmore.
A lion hampered in a net. L'Estrange.
They hamper and entangle our souls. Tillotson.

Hamper

Ham"per, n. [See Hamper to shackle.]

1. A shackle; a fetter; anything which impedes. W. Browne.

2. (Naut.) Articles ordinarily indispensable, but in the way at certain times. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Top hamper (Naut.), unnecessary spars and rigging kept aloft.

Hamshackle

Ham"shac`kle (?), v. t. [Ham + shackle.] To fasten (an animal) by a rope binding the head to one of the fore legs; as, to hamshackle a horse or cow; hence, to bind or restrain; to curb.

Hamster

Ham"ster (?), n. [G. hamster.] (Zo\'94l.) A small European rodent (Cricetus frumentarius). It is remarkable for having a pouch on each side of the jaw, under the skin, and for its migrations.<-- often kept as a pet -->

Hamstring

Ham"string` (?), n. (Anat.) One of the great tendons situated in each side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with the muscles of the back of the thigh.

Hamstring

Ham"string`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hamstrung; p. pr. & vb. n. Hamstringing. See String.] To lame or disable by cutting the tendons of the ham or knee; to hough; hence, to cripple; to incapacitate; to disable.
So have they hamstrung the valor of the subject by seeking to effeminate us all at home. Milton.

Hamular

Ham"u*lar (?), a. Hooked; hooklike; hamate; as, the hamular process of the sphenoid bone.

Hamulate

Ham"u*late (?), a. Furnished with a small hook; hook-shaped. Gray.

Hamule

Ham"ule (?), n. [L. hamulus.] A little hook.

Hamulose

Ham"u*lose" (?), a. [L. hamulus, dim. of hamus a hook.] Bearing a small hook at the end. Gray.

Hamulus

Ham"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Hamuli (. [L., a little hook.]

1. (Anat.) A hook, or hooklike process.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A hooked barbicel of a feather.

Han

Han (?), contr. inf. & plural pres. of Haven. To have; have. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
Him thanken all, and thus they han an end. Chaucer.

Hanap

Han"ap (?), n. [F. hanap. See Hanaper.] A rich goblet, esp. one used on state occasions. [Obs.]

Hanaper

Han"a*per (?), n. [LL. hanaperium a large vase, fr. hanaus vase, bowl, cup (whence F. hanap); of German origin; cf. ONG. hnapf, G. napf, akin to AS. hn\'91p cup, bowl. Cf. Hamper, Nappy, n.] A kind of basket, usually of wickerwork, and adapted for the packing and carrying of articles; a hamper. Hanaper office, an office of the English court of chancery in which writs relating to the business of the public, and the returns to them, were anciently kept in a hanaper or hamper. Blackstone.

Hance

Hance (?), v. t. [See Enhance.] To raise; to elevate. [Obs.] Lydgate.

Hance, Hanch

Hance (?), Hanch (?),[See Hanse.]

1. (Arch.) See Hanse.

2. (Naut.) A sudden fall or break, as the fall of the fife rail down to the gangway.

Hand

Hand (?), n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand, OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h\'94nd, Goth. handus, and perh. to Goth. hinpan to seize (in comp.). Cf. Hunt.]

1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in man and monkeys, and the corresponding part in many other animals; manus; paw. See Manus.

2. That which resembles, or to some extent performs the office of, a human hand; as: (a) A limb of certain animals, as the foot of a hawk, or any one of the four extremities of a monkey. (b) An index or pointer on a dial; as, the hour or minute hand of a clock.

3. A measure equal to a hand's breadth, -- four inches; a palm. Chiefly used in measuring the height of horses.

4. Side; part; direction, either right or left.

On this hand and that hand, were hangings. Ex. xxxviii. 15.
The Protestants were then on the winning hand. Milton.

5. Power of performance; means of execution; ability; skill; dexterity.

He had a great mind to try his hand at a Spectator. Addison.

6. Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship; agency; hence, manner of performance.

To change the hand in carrying on the war. Clarendon.
Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my hand. Judges vi. 36.

7. An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty; a performer more or less skillful; as, a deck hand; a farm hand; an old hand at speaking.

A dictionary containing a natural history requires too many hands, as well as too much time, ever to be hoped for. Locke.
I was always reckoned a lively hand at a simile. Hazlitt.

8. Handwriting; style of penmanship; as, a good, bad or running hand. Hence, a signature.

I say she never did invent this letter; This is a man's invention and his hand. Shak.
Some writs require a judge's hand. Burril.

9. Personal possession; ownership; hence, control; direction; management; -- usually in the plural. "Receiving in hand one year's tribute." Knolles.

Albinus . . . found means to keep in his hands the goverment of Britain. Milton.

10. Agency in transmission from one person to another; as, to buy at first hand, that is, from the producer, or when new; at second hand, that is, when no longer in the producer's hand, or when not new.

11. Rate; price. [Obs.] "Business is bought at a dear hand, where there is small dispatch." Bacon.

12. That which is, or may be, held in a hand at once; as: (a) (Card Playing) The quota of cards received from the dealer. (b) (Tobacco Manuf.) A bundle of tobacco leaves tied together.

13. (Firearms) The small part of a gunstock near the lock, which is grasped by the hand in taking aim. &hand; Hand is used figuratively for a large variety of acts or things, in the doing, or making, or use of which the hand is in some way employed or concerned; also, as a symbol to denote various qualities or conditions, as: (a) Activity; operation; work; -- in distinction from the head, which implies thought, and the heart, which implies affection. "His hand will be against every man." Gen. xvi. 12.(b) Power; might; supremacy; -- often in the Scriptures. "With a mighty hand . . . will I rule over you." Ezek. xx. 33.(c) Fraternal feeling; as, to give, or take, the hand; to give the right hand. (d) Contract; -- commonly of marriage; as, to ask the hand; to pledge the hand. &hand; Hand is often used adjectively or in compounds (with or without the hyphen), signifying performed by the hand; as, hand blow or hand-blow, hand gripe or hand-gripe: used by, or designed for, the hand; as, hand ball or handball, hand bow, hand fetter, hand grenade or hand-grenade, handgun or hand gun, handloom or hand loom, handmill or hand organ or handorgan, handsaw or hand saw, hand-weapon: measured or regulated by the hand; as, handbreadth or hand's breadth, hand gallop or hand-gallop. Most of the words in the following paragraph are written either as two words or in combination. Hand bag, a satchel; a small bag for carrying books, papers, parcels, etc. -- Hand basket, a small or portable basket. -- Hand bell, a small bell rung by the hand; a table bell. Bacon. -- Hand bill, a small pruning hook. See 4th Bill. -- Hand car. See under Car. -- Hand director (Mus.), an instrument to aid in forming a good position of the hands and arms when playing on the piano; a hand guide. -- Hand drop. See Wrist drop. -- Hand gallop. See under Gallop. -- Hand gear (Mach.), apparatus by means of which a machine, or parts of a machine, usually operated by other power, may be operated by hand. -- Hand glass. (a) A glass or small glazed frame, for the protection of plants. (b) A small mirror with a handle. -- Hand guide. Same as Hand director (above). -- Hand language, the art of conversing by the hands, esp. as practiced by the deaf and dumb; dactylology. -- Hand lathe. See under Lathe. -- Hand money, money paid in hand to bind a contract; earnest money. -- Hand organ (Mus.), a barrel organ, operated by a crank turned by hand. -- Hand plant. (Bot.) Same as Hand tree (below). -- Hand rail, a rail, as in staircases, to hold by. Gwilt. -- Hand sail, a sail managed by the hand. Sir W. Temple. -- Hand screen, a small screen to be held in the hand. -- Hand screw, a small jack for raising heavy timbers or weights; (Carp.) a screw clamp. -- Hand staff (pl. Hand staves), a javelin. Ezek. xxxix. 9. -- Hand stamp, a small stamp for dating, addressing, or canceling papers, envelopes, etc. -- Hand tree (Bot.), a lofty tree found in Mexico (Cheirostemon platanoides), having red flowers whose stamens unite in the form of a hand. -- Hand vise, a small vise held in the hand in doing small work. Moxon. -- Hand work, ∨ Handwork, work done with the hands, as distinguished from work done by a machine; handiwork. -- All hands, everybody; all parties. -- At all hands, On all hands, on all sides; from every direction; generally. -- At any hand, At no hand, in any (or no) way or direction; on any account; on no account. "And therefore at no hand consisting with the safety and interests of humility." Jer. Taylor. -- At first hand, At second hand. See def. 10 (above). -- At hand. (a) Near in time or place; either present and within reach, or not far distant. "Your husband is at hand; I hear his trumpet." Shak. (b) Under the hand or bridle. [Obs.] "Horses hot at hand." Shak. -- At the hand of, by the act of; as a gift from. "Shall we receive good at the hand of God and shall we not receive evil?" Job ii. 10. -- Bridle hand. See under Bridle. -- By hand, with the hands, in distinction from instrumentality of tools, engines, or animals; as, to weed a garden by hand; to lift, draw, or carry by hand. -- Clean hands, freedom from guilt, esp. from the guilt of dishonesty in money matters, or of bribe taking. "He that hath clean hands shall be stronger and stronger." Job xvii. 9. -- From hand to hand, from one person to another. -- Hand in hand. (a) In union; conjointly; unitedly. Swift. (b) Just; fair; equitable.

As fair and as good, a kind of hand in hand comparison. Shak.
-- Hand over hand, Hand over fist, by passing the hands alternately one before or above another; as, to climb hand over hand; also, rapidly; as, to come up with a chase hand over hand. -- Hand over head, negligently; rashly; without seeing what one does. [Obs.] Bacon. -- Hand running, consecutively; as, he won ten times hand running. -- Hand off! keep off! forbear! no interference or meddling! -- Hand to hand, in close union; in close fight; as, a hand to hand contest. Dryden. -- Heavy hand, severity or oppression. -- In hand. (a) Paid down. "A considerable reward in hand, and . . . a far greater reward hereafter." Tillotson. (b) In preparation; taking place. Chaucer. "Revels . . . in hand." Shak. (c) Under consideration, or in the course of transaction; as, he has the business in hand. -- In one's hand ∨ hands. (a) In one's possession or keeping. (b) At one's risk, or peril; as, I took my life in my hand. -- Laying on of hands, a form used in consecrating to office, in the rite of confirmation, and in blessing persons. -- Light hand, gentleness; moderation. -- Note of hand, a promissory note. -- Off hand, Out of hand, forthwith; without delay, hesitation, or difficulty; promptly. "She causeth them to be hanged up out of hand." Spenser. -- Off one's hands, out of one's possession or care. -- On hand, in present possession; as, he has a supply of goods on hand. -- On one's hands, in one's possession care, or management. -- Putting the hand under the thigh, an ancient Jewish ceremony used in swearing. -- Right hand, the place of honor, power, and strength. -- Slack hand, idleness; carelessness; inefficiency; sloth. -- Strict hand, severe discipline; rigorous government. -- To bear a hand (Naut), to give help quickly; to hasten. -- To bear in hand, to keep in expectation with false pretenses. [Obs.] Shak. -- To be hand and glove, ∨ in glove with. See under Glove. -- To be on the mending hand, to be convalescent or improving. -- To bring up by hand, to feed (an infant) without suckling it. -- To change hand. See Change. -- To change hands, to change sides, or change owners. Hudibras. -- To clap the hands, to express joy or applause, as by striking the palms of the hands together. -- To come to hand, to be received; to be taken into possession; as, the letter came to hand yesterday. -- To get hand, to gain influence. [Obs.]
Appetites have . . . got such a hand over them. Baxter.
-- To got one's hand in, to make a beginning in a certain work; to become accustomed to a particular business. -- To have a hand in, to be concerned in; to have a part or concern in doing; to have an agency or be employed in. -- To have in hand. (a) To have in one's power or control. Chaucer. (b) To be engaged upon or occupied with. -- To have one's hands full, to have in hand al that one can do, or more than can be done conveniently; to be pressed with labor or engagements; to be surrounded with difficulties. -- To have, ∨ get, the (higher) upper hand, to have, or get, the better of another person or thing. -- To his hand, To my hand, etc., in readiness; already prepared. "The work is made to his hands." Locke. -- To hold hand, to compete successfully or on even conditions. [Obs.] Shak. -- To lay hands on, to seize; to assault. -- To lend a hand, to give assistance. -- To lift, ∨ put forth, the hand against, to attack; to oppose; to kill. -- To live from hand to mouth, to obtain food and other necessaries as want compels, without previous provision. -- To make one's hand, to gain advantage or profit. -- To put the hand unto, to steal. Ex. xxii. 8.-- To put the last, ∨ finishing, hand to, to make the last corrections in; to complete; to perfect. -- To set the hand to, to engage in; to undertake.
That the Lord thy God may bless thee in all that thou settest thine hand to. Deut. xxiii. 20.
-- To stand one in hand, to concern or affect one. -- To strike hands, to make a contract, or to become surety for another's debt or good behavior. -- To take in hand. (a) To attempt or undertake. (b) To seize and deal with; as, he took him in hand. -- To wash the hands of, to disclaim or renounce interest in, or responsibility for, a person or action; as, to wash one's hands of a business. Matt. xxvii. 24. -- Under the hand of, authenticated by the handwriting or signature of; as, the deed is executed under the hand and seal of the owner.

Hand

Hand (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handed; p. pr. & vb. n. Handing.]

1. To give, pass, or transmit with the hand; as, he handed them the letter.

2. To lead, guide, or assist with the hand; to conduct; as, to hand a lady into a carriage.

3. To manage; as, I hand my oar. [Obs.] Prior.

4. To seize; to lay hands on. [Obs.] Shak.

5. To pledge by the hand; to handfast. [R.]

6. (Naut.) To furl; -- said of a sail. Totten. To hand down, to transmit in succession, as from father to son, or from predecessor to successor; as, fables are handed down from age to age; to forward to the proper officer (the decision of a higher court); as, the Clerk of the Court of Appeals handed down its decision. -- To hand over, to yield control of; to surrender; to deliver up.

Hand

Hand, v. i. To co\'94perate. [Obs.] Massinger.

Handbarrow

Hand"bar"row (?), n. A frame or barrow, without a wheel, carried by hand.

Handbill

Hand"bill` (?), n.

1. A loose, printed sheet, to be distributed by hand.

2. A pruning hook. [Usually written hand bill.]

Handbook

Hand"book` (?), n. [Hand + book; cf. AS. handb, or G. handbuch.] A book of reference, to be carried in the hand; a manual; a guidebook.

Handbreadth

Hand"breadth` (?), n. A space equal to the breadth of the hand; a palm. Ex. xxxvii. 12.

Handcart

Hand"cart`, n. A cart drawn or pushed by hand.

Handcloth

Hand"cloth` (?; 115), n. A handkerchief.

Handcraft

Hand"craft` (?), n. Same as Handicraft.

Handcraftsman

Hand"crafts`man (?), n.; pl. -men (. A handicraftsman.

Handcuff

Hand"cuff` (?), n. [AS. handcops; hand hand + cosp, cops, fetter. The second part was confused with E. cuffs,] A fastening, consisting of an iron ring around the wrist, usually connected by a chain with one on the other wrist; a manacle; -- usually in the plural.
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Handcuff

Hand"cuff` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handcuffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Handcuffing.] To apply handcuffs to; to manacle. Hay (1754).

Handed

Hand"ed, a.

1. With hands joined; hand in hand.

Into their inmost bower, Handed they went. Milton.

2. Having a peculiar or characteristic hand.

As poisonous tongued as handed. Shak.
&hand; Handed is used in composition in the sense of having (such or so many) hands; as, bloody-handed; free-handed; heavy-handed; left-handed; single-handed.

Hander

Hand"er (?), n. One who hands over or transmits; a conveyer in succession. Dryden.

Handfast

Hand"fast` (?), n.

1. Hold; grasp; custody; power of confining or keeping. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Contract; specifically, espousal. [Obs.]

Handfast

Hand"fast`, a. Fast by contract; betrothed by joining hands. [Obs.] Bale.

Handfast

Hand"fast`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handfasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Handfasting.] To pledge; to bind; to betroth by joining hands, in order to cohabitation, before the celebration of marriage. [Obs.]<-- ##?? to allow cohabitation? -->

Handfast

Hand"fast`, n. [G. handfest; hand hand + fest strong. See Fast.] Strong; steadfast.[R.] Carlyle.

Handfastly

Hand"fast`ly, adv. In a handfast or publicly pledged manner. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Handfish

Hand"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The frogfish.

Handful

Hand"ful (?), n.; pl. Hand flus (#). [AS. handfull.]

1. As much as the hand will grasp or contain. Addison.

2. A hand's breadth; four inches. [Obs.]

Knap the tongs together about a handful from the bottom. Bacon.

3. A small quantity.

This handful of men were tied to very hard duty. Fuller.
To have one's handful, to have one's hands full; to have all one can do. [Obs.]
They had their handful to defend themselves from firing. Sir. W. Raleigh.

Hand-hole

Hand"-hole (?), n. (Steam Boilers) A small hole in a boiler for the insertion of the hand in cleaning, etc. Hand-hole plate, the cover of a hand-hole.

Handicap

Hand"i*cap (?), n. [From hand in cap; -- perh. in reference to an old mode of setting a bargain by taking pieces of money from a cap.]

1. An allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting, granted in a race to the competitor possessing inferior advantages; or an additional weight or other hindrance imposed upon the one possessing superior advantages, in order to equalize, as much as possible, the chances of success; as, the handicap was five seconds, or ten pounds, and the like.

2. A race, for horses or men, or any contest of agility, strength, or skill, in which there is an allowance of time, distance, weight, or other advantage, to equalize the chances of the competitors.

3. An old game at cards. [Obs.] Pepys.

Handicap

Hand"i*cap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handicapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Handicapping.] To encumber with a handicap in any contest; hence, in general, to place at disadvantage; as, the candidate was heavily handicapped.

Handicapper

Hand"i*cap`per (?), n. One who determines the conditions of a handicap.

Handicraft

Hand"i*craft (?), n. [For handcraft, influenced by handiwork; AS. handcr\'91ft.]

1. A trade requiring skill of hand; manual occupation; handcraft. Addison.

2. A man who earns his living by handicraft; a handicraftsman. [R.] Dryden.

Handi-craftsman

Hand"i-crafts`man (?), n.; pl. -men (. A man skilled or employed in handcraft. Bacon.

Handily

Hand"i*ly (?), adv. [See Handy.] In a handy manner; skillfully; conveniently.

Handiness

Hand"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being handy.

Handiron

Hand"i`ron (?), n. See Andrion. [Obs.]

Handiwork

Hand"i*work` (?), n. [OE. handiwerc, AS. handgeweorc; hand hand + geweorc work; prefix ge- + weorc. See Work.] Work done by the hands; hence, any work done personally.
The firmament showeth his handiwork. Ps. xix. 1.

Handkercher

Hand"ker*cher (?), n. A handkerchief. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chapman (1654). Shak.

Handkerchief

Hand"ker*chief (h&acr;n"k&etil;r*ch&icr;f; 277), n. [Hand + kerchief.]

1. A piece of cloth, usually square and often fine and elegant, carried for wiping the face or hands.

2. A piece of cloth shaped like a handkerchief to be worn about the neck; a neckerchief; a neckcloth.

Handle

Han"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Handled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Handling .] [OE. handlen, AS. handian; akin to D. handelen to trade, G. handeln. See Hand.]

1. To touch; to feel with the hand; to use or hold with the hand.

Handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh. Luke xxiv. 39.
About his altar, handling holy things. Milton.

2. To manage in using, as a spade or a musket; to wield; often, to manage skillfully.

That fellow handles his bow like a crowkeeper. Shak.

3. To accustom to the hand; to work upon, or take care of, with the hands.

The hardness of the winters forces the breeders to house and handle their colts six months every year. Sir W. Temple.

4. To receive and transfer; to have pass through one's hands; hence, to buy and sell; as, a merchant handles a variety of goods, or a large stock.

5. To deal with; to make a business of.

They that handle the law knew me not. Jer. ii. 8.

6. To treat; to use, well or ill.

How wert thou handled being prisoner. Shak.

7. To manage; to control; to practice skill upon.

You shall see how I will handle her. Shak.

8. To use or manage in writing or speaking; to treat, as a theme, an argument, or an objection.

We will handle what persons are apt to envy others. Bacon.
To handle without gloves. See under Glove. [Colloq.]

Handle

Han"dle (?), v. i. To use the hands.
They have hands, but they handle not. Ps. cxv. 7.

Handle

Han"dle, n. [AS. handle. See Hand.]

1. That part of vessels, instruments, etc., which is held in the hand when used or moved, as the haft of a sword, the knob of a door, the bail of a kettle, etc.

2. That of which use is made; the instrument for effecting a purpose; a tool. South. To give a handle, to furnish an occasion or means.

Handleable

Han"dle*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being handled.

Handless

Hand"less (?), a. Without a hand. Shak.

Handling

Han"dling (?), n. [AS. handlung.]

1. A touching, controlling, managing, using, etc., with the hand or hands, or as with the hands. See Handle, v. t.

The heavens and your fair handling Have made you master of the field this day. Spenser.

2. (Drawing, Painting, etc.) The mode of using the pencil or brush, etc.; style of touch. Fairholt.

Handmade

Hand"made" (?), a. Manufactured by hand; as, handmade shoes.

Handmaid, Handmaiden

Hand"maid" (?), Hand"maiden (?), n. A maid that waits at hand; a female servant or attendant.

Handsaw

Hand"saw` (#) n. A saw used with one hand.

Handsel

Hand"sel (?), n. [Written also hansel.] [OE. handsal, hansal, hansel, AS. handsa giving into hands, or more prob. fr. Icel. handsal; hand hand + sal sale, bargain; akin to AS. sellan to give, deliver. See Sell, Sale. ]

1. A sale, gift, or delivery into the hand of another; especially, a sale, gift, delivery, or using which is the first of a series, and regarded as on omen for the rest; a first installment; an earnest; as the first money received for the sale of goods in the morning, the first money taken at a shop newly opened, the first present sent to a young woman on her wedding day, etc.

Their first good handsel of breath in this world. Fuller.
Our present tears here, not our present laughter, Are but the handsels of our joys hereafter. Herrick.

2. Price; payment. [Obs.] Spenser. Handsel Monday, the first Monday of the new year, when handsels or presents are given to servants, children, etc.

Handsel

Hand"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. HandseledHandseled (; p. pr. & vb. n. HandselingHandselling.] [Written also hansel.] [OE handsellen, hansellen;cf. Isel. hadsala, handselja. See Handsel, n.]

1. To give a handsel to.

2. To use or do for the first time, esp. so as to make fortunate or unfortunate; to try experimentally.

No contrivance of our body, but some good man in Scripture hath handseled it with prayer. Fuller.

Handsome

Hand"some (?; 277), a. [Compar. Handsomer (?); superl. Handsomest.] [Hand + -some. It at first meant, dexterous; cf. D. handzaam dexterous, ready, limber, manageable, and E. handy.]

1. Dexterous; skillful; handy; ready; convenient; -- applied to things as persons. [Obs.]

That they [engines of war] be both easy to be carried and handsome to be moved and turned about. Robynson (Utopia).
For a thief it is so handsome as it may seem it was first invented for him. Spenser.

2. Agreeable to the eye or to correct taste; having a pleasing appearance or expression; attractive; having symmetry and dignity; comely; -- expressing more than pretty, and less than beautiful; as, a handsome man or woman; a handsome garment, house, tree, horse.<-- MW10 treats it as synonymous with beautiful in this sense. -->

3. Suitable or fit in action; marked with propriety and ease; graceful; becoming; appropriate; as, a handsome style, etc.

Easiness and handsome address in writing. Felton.

4. Evincing a becoming generosity or nobleness of character; liberal; generous.

Handsome is as handsome does. Old Proverb.

5. Ample; moderately large.

He . . . accumulated a handsome sum of money. V. Knox.
To do the handsome thing, to act liberally. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Handsome, Pretty. Pretty applies to things comparatively small, which please by their delicacy and grace; as, a pretty girl, a pretty flower, a pretty cottage. Handsome rises higher, and is applied to objects on a larger scale. We admire what is handsome, we are pleased with what is pretty. The word is connected with hand, and has thus acquired the idea of training, cultivation, symmetry, and proportion, which enters so largely into our conception of handsome. Thus Drayton makes mention of handsome players, meaning those, who are well trained; and hence we speak of a man's having a handsome address, which is the result of culture; of a handsome horse or dog, which implies well proportioned limbs; of a handsome face, to which, among other qualities, the idea of proportion and a graceful contour are essential; of a handsome tree, and a handsome house or villa. So, from this idea of proportion or suitableness, we have, with a different application, the expressions, a handsome fortune, a handsome offer.

Hadsome

Had"some, v. t. To render handsome. [Obs.] Donne

Handsomely

Hand"some*ly, adv.

1. In a handsome manner.

2. (Naut.) Carefully; in shipshape style.

Handsomeness

Hand"some*ness, n. The quality of being handsome.
Handsomeness is the mere animal excellence, beauty the mere imaginative. Hare.

Handspike

Hand"spike` (?), n. A bar or lever, generally of wood, used in a windlass or capstan, for heaving anchor, and, in modified forms, for various purposes.

Handspring

Hand"spring` (?), n. A somersault made with the assistance of the hands placed upon the ground.

Hand-tight

Hand"-tight` (?), a. (Naut.) As tight as can be made by the hand. Totten.

Handwheel

Hand"wheel` (?), n. (Mach.) Any wheel worked by hand; esp., one the rim of which serves as the handle by which a valve, car brake, or other part is adjusted.

Hand-winged

Hand"-winged` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having wings that are like hands in the structure and arrangement of their bones; -- said of bats. See Cheiroptera.

Handwriting

Hand"writ`ing (?), n.

1. The cast or form of writing peculiar to each hand or person; chirography.

2. That which is written by hand; manuscript. The handwriting on the wall, a doom pronounced; an omen of disaster. Dan. v. 5.

A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of the ancients. Dryden.

Gust

Gust, v. t. [Cf. L. gustare, It. gustare, Sp. gustar. See GUST a relish.] To taste; to have a relish for. [Obs.]

Gustable

Gust"a*ble (?), a. [See Gust, v.] [Obs.]

1. Capable of being tasted; tastable.

This position informs us of a vulgar error, terming the gall bitter; whereas there is nothing gustable sweeter. Harvey.

2. Pleasant to the taste; toothsome; savory.

A gustable thing, seen or smelt, excites the appetite, and affects the glands and parts of the mouth. Derham.

Gustable

Gust"a*ble, n. Anything that can be tasted. [Obs.]

Gustard

Gus"tard (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The great bustard.

Gustation

Gus*ta"tion (?), n. [L. gustatio: cf. F. gustation.] The act of tasting. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Gustatory

Gusta*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or subservient to, the sense of taste; as, the gustatory nerve which supplies the front of the tongue.

Gustful

Gust"ful (?), a. Tasteful; well-tasted. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. -- Gust"ful*ness, n. [Obs.] Barrow.

Gustful

Gust"ful, a. Gusty. [R.]
A gustful April morn. Tennyson.

Gustless

Gust"less, a. Tasteless; insipid. [R.]

Gusto

Gus"to (?), n. [It. or Sp., fr. L. gustus; akin to E. choose. Cf. 2d GUST, GOUR.] Nice or keen appreciation or enjoyment; relish; taste; fancy. Dryden.

Gustoso

Gus*to"so (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Tasteful; in a tasteful, agreeable manner.

Gusty

Gust"y (?), a. Subject to, or characterized by, gusts or squalls; windy; stormy; tempestuous.
Upon a raw and gusty day. Shak.

Gut

Gut (?), n. [OE. gut, got, AS. gut, prob. orig., a channel, and akin to ge\'a2tan to pour. See FOUND to cast.]

1. A narrow passage of water; as, the Gut of Canso.

2. An intenstine; a bowel; the whole alimentary canal; the enteron; (pl.) bowels; entrails.

3. One of the prepared entrails of an animal, esp. of a sheep, used for various purposes. See Catgut.

4. The sac of silk taken from a silkworm (when ready to spin its cocoon), for the purpose of drawing it out into a thread. This, when dry, is exceedingly strong, and is used as the snood of a fish line. Blind gut. See C\'92cum, n. (b).

Gut

Gut, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gutting.]

1. To take out the bowels from; to eviscerate.

2. To plunder of contents; to destroy or remove the interior or contents of; as, a mob gutted the bouse.

Tom Brown, of facetious memory, having gutted a proper name of its vowels, used it as freely as he pleased. Addison.

Gutta

Gut"ta (?), n.; pl. Gutt\'92 (#). [L.]

1. A drop.

2. (Arch.) One of a series of ornaments, in the form of a frustum of a cone, attached to the lower part of the triglyphs, and also to the lower faces of the mutules, in the Doric order; -- called also campana, and drop. Gutta serena [L., lit. serene or clear drop] (Med.), amaurosis. -- Gutt\'91 band> (Arch.), the listel or band from which the gutt\'91 hang.

Gutta-percha

Gut"ta-per`cha (?), n. [Malay gutah gum + pertja the tree from which is it procured.] A concrete juice produced by various trees found in the Malayan archipelago, especially by the Isonandra, ∨ Dichopsis, Gutta. It becomes soft, and unpressible at the tamperature of boiling water, and, on cooling, retains its new shape. It dissolves in oils and ethers, but not in water. In many of its properties it resembles caoutchouc, and it is extensively used for many economical purposes. The Mimusops globosa of Guiana also yields this material.

Guttate

Gut"tate (?), a. [L. guttatus. Cf. Gutty.] Spotted, as if discolored by drops.

Guttated

Gut"ta*ted (?), a. [See Guttate.] Besprinkled with drops, or droplike spots. Bailey.

Guttatrap

Gut"ta*trap (?), n. The inspissated juice of a tree of the genus Artocarpus (A. incisa, or breadfruit tree), sometimes used in making birdlime, on account of its glutinous quality.

Gutter

Gut"ter (?), n. [OE. gotere, OF. goutiere, F. goutti\'8are, fr. OF. gote, goute, drop, F. goutte, fr. L. gutta.]

1. A channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away the rain; an eaves channel; an eaves trough.

2. A small channel at the roadside or elsewhere, to lead off surface water.

Gutters running with ale. Macaulay.

3. Any narrow channel or groove; as, a gutter formed by erosion in the vent of a gun from repeated firing. Gutter member (Arch.), an architectural member made by treating the outside face of the gutter in a decorative fashion, or by crowning it with ornaments, regularly spaced, like a diminutive battlement. -- Gutter plane, a carpenter's plane with a rounded bottom for planing out gutters. -- Gutter snipe, a neglected boy running at large; a street Arab. [Slang] -- Gutter stick (Printing), one of the pieces of furniture which separate pages in a form.

Gutter

Gut*ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guttered (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Guttering.]

1. To cut or form into small longitudinal hollows; to channel. Shak.

2. To supply with a gutter or gutters. [R.] Dryden.

Gutter

Gut"ter, v. i. To become channeled, as a candle when the flame flares in the wind.

Guttifer

Gut"ti*fer` (?), n. [NL., fr. L. gutta drop+ ferre to bear.] (Bot.) A plant that exudes gum or resin.

Guttiferous

Gut*tif"er*ous (?), a. (Bot.) (a) Yielding gum or resinous substances. (b) Pertaining to a natural order of trees and shrubs (Guttifer\'91) noted for their abounding in a resinous sap.

Guttiform

Gut"ti*form (?), a. [L. gutta a drop + -form.] Drop-shaped, as a spot of color.

Guttle

Gut"tle (?), v. t. & i. [From GUT, n.] To put into the gut; to swallow greedily; to gorge; to gormandize. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Dryden.

Guttler

Gut"tler (?), n. A greedy eater; a glutton. [Obs.]

Guttulous

Gut"tu*lous (?), a. [L. guttula a little drop, dim. of gutta drop.] In droplike form. [Obs.]
In its [hail's] guttulous descent from the air. Sir T. Browne.

Guttural

Gut"tur*al (?), a. [L. guttur throat: cf. F. gutural.] Of or pertaining to the throat; formed in the throat; relating to, or characteristic of, a sound formed in the throat.
Children are occasionally born with guttural swellings. W. Guthrie.
In such a sweet, guttural accent. Landor.

Guttural

Gut"tur*al, n. A sound formed in the throat; esp., a sound formed by the aid of the back of the tongue, much retracted, and the soft palate; also, a letter representing such a sound.

Gutturalism

Gut"tur*al*ism (?), n. The quality of being guttural; as, the gutturalism of A [in the 16th cent.] Earle.

Gutturality

Gut"tur*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being guttural. [R.] "The old gutturality of k." Earle.

Gutturalize

Gut"tur*al*ize (?), v. t. To speak gutturally; to give a guttural sound to.

Gutturally

Gut"tur*al*ly, adv. In a guttural manner.

Gutturalness

Gut"tur*al*ness, n. The quality of being guttural.

Gutturine

Gut"tur*ine (?), a. [L. guttur throat.] Pertaining to the throat. [Obs.] "Gutturine tumor." Ray.

Gutturize

Gut"tur*ize (?), v. t. [L. guttur throat.] To make in the throat; to gutturalize. [R.]
For which the Germans gutturize a sound. Coleridge.

Gutturo-

Gut"tur*o- (?). A combining form denoting relation to the throat; as, gutturo-nasal, having both a guttural and a nasal character; gutturo-palatal.

Gutty

Gut"ty (?), a. [L. gutta drop: cf. F. goutt\'82. Cf. Guttated.] (Her.) Charged or sprinkled with drops.

Gutwort

Gut"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant, Globularia Alypum, a violent purgative, found in Africa.

Guy

Guy (?), n. [Sp. guia guide, a guy or small rope used on board of ships to keep weighty things in their places; of Teutonic origin, and the same word as E. guide. See Guide, and cf. Gye.] A rope, chain, or rod attached to anything to steady it; as: a rope to steady or guide an object which is being hoisted or lowered; a rope which holds in place the end of a boom, spar, or yard in a ship; a chain or wire rope connecting a suspension bridge with the land on either side to prevent lateral swaying; a rod or rope attached to the top of a structure, as of a derrick, and extending obliquely to the ground, where it is fastened.

Guy

Guy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Guying.] To steady or guide with a guy.

Guy

Guy, n.

1. A grotesque effigy, like that of Guy Fawkes, dressed up in England on the fifth of November, the day of the Gunpowder Plot.

The lady . . . who dresses like a guy. W. S. Gilbert.

2. A person of queer looks or dress. Dickens.

Guy

Guy, v. t. To fool; to baffle; to make (a person) an object of ridicule. [Local & Collog U.S.]

Guyle

Guyle (?), v. t. To guile. [Obs.] Spenser.
Page 660

Guze

Guze (?), n. [Cf. Gules.] (Her.) A roundlet of tincture sanguine, which is blazoned without mention of the tincture.

Guzzle

Guz"zle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Guzzled (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Guzzling (.] [OP. gosillier, prob. orig., to pass through the throat; akin to F. gosier throat; cf. It. gozzo a bird's crop.] To swallow liquor greedily; to drink much or frequently.
Those that came to guzzle in his wine cellar. Milton.
Well-seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise, Who, while she guzzles, chats the doctor's praise. Roscommon.
To fat the guzzling hogs with floods of whey. Gay.

Guzzle

Guz"zle, v. t. To swallow much or often; to swallow with immoderate gust; to drink greedily or continually; as, one who guzzles beer. Dryden.

Guzzle

Guz"zle, n. An insatiable thing or person.
That sink of filth, that guzzle most impure. Marston.

Guzzler

Guz"zler (?), n. An immoderate drinker.

Gwiniad

Gwin"i*ad (?), n. [W. gwyniad a whiting, the name of various fishes, fr. gwyn white.] (Zool.) A fish (Coregonus ferus) of North Wales and Northern Europe, allied to the lake whitefish; -- called also powan, and schelly. [Written also gwyniad, guiniad, gurniad.]

Gyall

Gy"all (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gayal.

Gyb, Gybe

Gyb (?), Gybe (
, n. (Naut.) See Jib. [Obs.]

Gybe

Gybe (?), n. & v. See Gibe.

Gybe

Gybe, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gybed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gybing.] [See Jibe.] (Naut.) To shift from one side of a vessel to the other; -- said of the boom of a fore-and-aft sail when the vessel is steered off the wind until the sail fills on the opposite side. [Also jibe.]

Gye

Gye (?), v. t. [OF. guier; of German origin. See Guide, and cf. Guy.] To guide; to govern. [Obs.]
Discreet enough his country for to gye. Chaucer.

Gyle

Gyle (?), n. [F. guiller to ferment. Cf. Guillevat.] Fermented wort used for making vinegar. Gyle tan (Brewing), a large vat in which wort ferments.

Gymnal

Gym"nal (?), a. & n. Same as Gimmal.

Gymnasiarch

Gym*na"si*arch (?), n. [L. gymnasiarchus, Gr. gymnasiarque.] (Gr. Antiq.) An Athenian officer who superintended the gymnasia, and provided the oil and other necessaries at his own expense.

Gymnasium

Gym*na"si*um (?) n.; pl. E. Gymnasiums (#), L. Gymnasia (#). [L., fr. Gr.

1. A place or building where athletic exercises are performed; a school for gymnastics.

2. A school for the higher branches of literature and science; a preparatory school for the university; -- used esp. of German schools of this kind.

More like ordinary schools of gymnasia than universities. Hallam.

Gymnast

Gym"nast (, n. [Gr. gymnaste. See Gymnasium.] One who teaches or practices gymnastic exercises; the manager of a gymnasium; an athlete.

Gymnastic, Gymnastical

Gym*nas"tic (?), Gym*nas"tic*al (?), a. [L. gymnasticus, Gr. gymnastique. See Gymnasium.] Pertaining to athletic exercises intended for health, defense, or diversion; -- said of games or exercises, as running, leaping, wrestling, throwing the discus, the javelin, etc.; also, pertaining to disciplinary exercises for the intellect; athletic; as, gymnastic exercises, contests, etc.

Gymnastic

Gym*nas"tic, n. A gymnast. [Obs.]

Gymnastically

Gym*nas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a gymnastic manner.

Gymnastics

Gym*nas"tics (?), n. Athletic or disciplinary exercises; the art of performing gymnastic exercises; also, disciplinary exercises for the intellect or character.

Gymnic, Gymnical

Gym"nic (?), Gym"nic*al (?) a. [L. gymnicus, Gr. gymnique. See Gymmasium.] Athletic; gymnastic. [Obs.]
Have they not swordplayers, and every sort Of gymnic artists, wrestlers, riders, runners ? Milton.

Gymnic

Gym"nic, n. Athletic exercise. [Obs.] Burton.

Gymnite

Gym"nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A hydrous silicate of magnesia.

Gymnoblastea

Gym"no*blas`te*a (?), n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) The Athecata; -- so called because the medusoid buds are not inclosed in a capsule.

Gymnoblastic

Gym"no*blas"tic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Gymnoblastea.

Gymnocarpous

Gym`no*car"pous (?), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Bot.) Naked-fruited, the fruit either smooth or not adherent to the perianth. Gray.

Gymnochroa

Gym*noch"ro*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) A division of Hydroidea including the hydra. See Hydra.

Gymnocladus

Gym*noc"la*dus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants; the Kentucky coffee tree. The leaves are cathartic, and the seeds a substitute for coffee.

Gymnocopa

Gym"no*co`pa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) A group of transparent, free-swimming Annelida, having setae only in the cephalic appendages.

Gymnocyte

Gym"no*cyte (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s nake + (Biol.) A cytode without a proper cell wall, but with a nucleus. Haeckel.

Gymnocytode

Gym"no*cy`tode (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + E. cytode.] (Biol.) A cytode without either a cell wall or a nucleus. Haeckel.

Gymnodont

Gym"no*dont (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zool.) One of a group of plectognath fishes (Gymnodontes), having the teeth and jaws consolidated into one or two bony plates, on each jaw, as the diodonts and tetradonts. See Bur fish, Globefish, Diodon.

Gymnogen

Gym"no*gen (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + -gen.] (Bot.) One of a class of plants, so called by Lindley, because the ovules are fertilized by direct contact of the pollen. Same as Gymnosperm.

Gymnoglossa

Gym"no*glos`sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) A division of gastropods in which the odontophore is without teeth.

Gymnol\'91ma, Gymnol\'91mata

Gym"no*l\'91`ma (?), Gym*no*l\'91"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [Nl., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) An order of Bryozoa, having no epistome.

Gymnonoti

Gym"no*no`ti (?), n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) The order of fishes which includes the Gymnotus or electrical eel. The dorsal fin is wanting.

Gymnop\'91dic

Gym`no*p\'91d"ic ((?), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) Having young that are naked when hatched; psilop\'91dic; -- said of certain birds.

Gymnophiona

Gym`no*phi"o*na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) An order of Amphibia, having a long, annulated, snakelike body. See Ophiomorpha.

Gymnophthalmata

Gym`noph*thal"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) A group of acalephs, including the naked-eyed medus\'91; the hydromedus\'91. Most of them are known to be the free-swimming progeny (gonophores) of hydroids.

Gymnoplast

Gym"no*plast (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + pla`ssein to shape, mold.] (Biol.) A cell or mass of protoplasm devoid of an envelope, as a white blood corpuscle.

Gymnorhinal

Gym"no*rhi`nal (?), a. [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) Having unfeathered nostrils, as certain birds.

Gymnosomata

Gym`no*so"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) One of the orders of Pteropoda. They have no shell.

Gymnosophist

Gym*nos"o*phist (?), n. [Gr. gymno`s naked + gymnosophisle.] One of a sect of philosophers, said to have been found in India by Alexander the Great, who went almost naked, denied themselves the use of flesh, renounced bodily pleasures, and employed themselves in the contemplation of nature.

Gymnosophy

Gym*nos"o*phy (?), n. The doctrines of the Gymnosophists. Good.

Gymnosperm

Gym"no*sperm (?), n. (Bot.) A plant that bears naked seeds (i. e., seeds not inclosed in an ovary), as the common pine and hemlock. Cf. Angiosperm.

Gymnospermous

Gym"no*sper`mous (?), n. [Gr. gymno`spermos; gymno`s naked + spe`rma seed: cf. F. gymnosperme.] (Bot.) (a) Having naked seeds, or seeds not inclosed in a capsule or other vessel. (b) Belonging to the class of plants consisting of gymnosperms.

Gymnotoka

Gym*not"o*ka (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zo\'94l.) The Athecata.

Gymnotus

Gym*no"tus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + gymnote.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of South American fresh-water fishes, including the Gymnotus electricus, or electric eel. It has a greenish, eel-like body, and is possessed of electric power.
One fearful shock, fearful but momentary, like from the electric blow of the gymnotus. De Quincey.

Gyn

Gyn (?), v. i. To begin [Obs.] See Gin.

Gyn\'91ceum, Gyn\'91cium

Gyn`\'91*ce"um (?), Gyn`\'91*ci"um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. The part of a large house, among the ancients, exclusively appropriated to women. [Written also gyneceum, gynecium.] Tennyson.

Gyn\'91cian

Gy*n\'91"cian (?), a. The same as Gynecian.

Gyn\'91cophore

Gy`n\'91"co*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A ventral canal or groove, in which the males of some dioecious trematodes carry the female. See Illust. of H\'91matozoa.

Gynander

Gy*nan"der (?), n. [See Gynandrian.] (Bot.) A plant having the stamens inserted in the pistil.

Gynandria

Gy*nan"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gynandrian.] (Bot.) A class of plants in the Linnaean system, whose stamens grow out of, or are united with, the pistil.

Gynandrian, Gynandrous

Gy*nan"dri*an (?), Gy*nan"drous (?), a. [Gr. gy`nandros of doubtful sex; gynh` a woman + gynandre.] (Bot.) Having stamens inserted in the pistil; belonging to the class Gynandria.

Gynandromorph

Gy*nan"dro*morph (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An animal affected with gynandromorphism,

Gynandromorphism

Gy*nan"dro*mor`phism (?), n. [Gr. gynh` a woman, female + (Zo\'94l.) An abnormal condition of certain animals, in which one side has the external characters of the male, and the other those of the female.

Gynandromorphous

Gy*nan`dro*mor"phous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Affected, with gynandromorphism.

Gynantherous

Gy*nan"ther*ous (?), a. [Gr. gynh` a woman + E. anther.] (Bot.) Pertaining to an abnormal condition of the flower, in which the stamens are converted into pistils. A. Brown.

Gynarchy

Gyn"ar*chy (?), n. [Gr. gynh` a woman+ -archy.] Government by a woman. Chesterfield.

Gyneceum

Gyn"e*ce`um (?), n. See Gyn\'91ceum.

Gynecian

Gy*ne"cian (?), a. [Gr. Of or relating to women.

Gynecocracy

Gyn`e*coc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman + gyn\'82cocratie. Cf. Gynocracy.] Government by a woman, female power; gyneocracy. Bailey.

Gynecological

Gyn"e*co*log`ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to gynecology.

Gynecology

Gyn"e*col`o*gy (?), n. [Gr. gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman+ -logy.] The science which treats of the structure and diseases of women. -- Gyn`e*col"o*gist.

Gyneocracy

Gyn"e*oc`ra*cy (?), n. See Gynecocracy.

Gyneolatry

Gyn`e*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The adoration or worship of woman.
The sentimental gyneolatry of chivalry, which was at best but skin-deep. Lowell.

Gynephobia

Gyn`e*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Hatred of women; repugnance to the society of women. Holmes.

Gynno

Gyn"no (?), v. i. To begin. See Gin. [Obs.]

Gynobase

Gyn"o*base (?), n. [Gr. base.] (Bot.) A dilated base or receptacle, supporting a multilocular ovary.

Gynobasic

Gyn"o*ba`sic (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or having, a gynobase.

Gynocracy

Gy*noc"ra*cy (?), n. [See Gynecocracy.] Female government; gynecocracy.
The aforesaid state has repeatedly changed from absolute despotism to republicanism, not forgetting the intermediate stages of oligarchy, limited monarchy, and even gynocracy; for I myself remember Alsatia governed for nearly nine months by an old fishwoman. Sir H. Scott.

Gynodi\'d2cious

Gy"no*di*\'d2`cious (?), a. [Gr. di.] (Bot.) Dioecious, but having some hermaphrodite or perfect flowers on an individual plant which bears mostly pistillate flowers.

Gyn\'d2cium

Gy*n\'d2"ci*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The pistils of a flower, taken collectively. See Illust. of Carpophore.

Gynophore

Gyn"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. gynophore.]

1. (Bot.) The pedicel raising the pistil or ovary above the stamens, as in the passion flower. Lindley.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the branches bearing the female gonophores, in certain Siphonophora.

Gyp

Gyp (?), n. [Said to be a sportive application of Gr. A college servant; -- so called in Cambridge, England; at Oxford called a scout. [Cant]

Gypse

Gypse (?), n. [F.] See Gypsum. [Obs.] Pococke.

Gypseous

Gyp"se*ous (?), a. [L. gypseus. See Gypsum.] Resembling or containing gypsum; partaking of the qualities of gypsum.

Gypsey

Gyp"sey (?), n. A gypsy. See Gypsy.

Gypsiferous

Gyp*sif"er*ous (?), a. [Gypsum + -ferous: cf. F. gypsif.] Containing gypsum.

Gyp'sine

Gyp'sine ((?), a. Gypseous. [R.] Chambers.

Gypsography

Gyp*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gypsum + -graphy.] The act or art of engraving on gypsum.

Gypsoplast

Gyp"so*plast (?), n. [Gypsum + Gr. A cast taken in plaster of Paris, or in white lime.

Gypsum

Gyp"sum (?), n. [L. gypsum, Gr. jibs plaster, mortar, Per. jabs lime.] (Min.) A mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of lime (calcium). When calcined, it forms plaster of Paris. Selenite is a transparent, crystalline variety; alabaster, a fine, white, massive variety.

Gypsy

Gyp"sy (?), n.; pl. Gypsies (#). [OE. Gypcyan, F. gyptien Egyptian, gypsy, L. Aegyptius. See Egyptian.] [Also spelled gipsy and gypsey.]

1. One of a vagabond race, whose tribes, coming originally from India, entered Europe in 14th or 15th centry, and are now scattered over Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Spain, England, etc., living by theft, fortune telling, horsejockeying, tinkering, etc. Cf. Bohemian, Romany.

Like a right gypsy, hath, at fast and loose, Beguiled me to the very heart of loss. Shak.

2. The language used by the gypsies. Shak.

3. A dark-complexioned person. Shak.

4. A cunning or crafty person [Collog.] Prior.

Gypsy

Gyp"sy a. Pertaining to, or suitable for, gypsies. Gypsy hat, a woman's or child's broad-brimmed hat, usually of straw or felt. -- Gypsy winch, a small winch, which may be operated by a crank, or by a ratchet and pawl through a lever working up and down.
Page 661

Gypsy

Gyp"sy (?), v. i. To play the gypsy; to picnic in the woods. Mostly. Gyp"sy*ing, vb. n.

Gypsyism

Gyp"sy*ism (?), n.

1. The arts and practices or habits of gypsies; deception; cheating; flattery.

2. The state of a gypsy.

Gypsywort

Gyp"sy*wort" (?), n. (Bot.) A labiate plant (the Lycopus Europ\'91us). Gypsies are said to stain their skin with its juice.

Gyracanthus

Gyr`a*can"thus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr, (Paleon.) A genus of fossil fishes, found in Devonian and carboniferous strata; -- so named from their round, sculptured spines.

Gyral

Gy"ral (?), a. [See Gyre.]

1. Moving in a circular path or way; whirling; gyratory.

2. (Anat.) Pertaining to a gyrus, or convolution.

Gyrant

Gy"rant (?), a. Gyrating. [R.]

Gyrate

Gy"rate (?), a. [L. gyratus made in a circular form, p. p. of gyrare.] Winding or coiled round; curved into a circle; taking a circular course.

Gyrate

Gy"rate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gyrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gyrating.] [L. gyratus, p. p. of gyrare to gyrate. See Gyre, n.] To revolve round a central point; to move spirally about an axis, as a tornado; to revolve.

Gyration

Gy*ra"tion (?), n.

1. The act of turning or whirling, as around a fixed center; a circular or spiral motion; motion about an axis; rotation; revolution.

The gyrations of an ascending balloon. De Quincey.
If a burning coal be nimbly moved round in a circle, with gyrations continually repeated, the whole circle will appear like fire. Sir I. Newton.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the whorls of a spiral univalve shell. Center of gyration. (Mech.) See under Center. -- Radius of gyration the distance between the axis of a rotating body and its center of gyration. Rankine.

Gyratory

Gy"ra*to*ry (?), a. Moving in a circle, or spirally; revolving; whirling around.

Gyre

Gyre (?), n. [L. gyrus, Gr. A circular motion, or a circle described by a moving body; a turn or revolution; a circuit.
Quick and more quick he spins in giddy gyres. Dryden.
Still expanding and ascending gyres. Mrs. Browning.

Gyre

Gyre, v. t. & i. [Cf. OF. gyrer, girer. See Gyrate.] To turn round; to gyrate. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Drayton.

Gyreful

Gyre"ful (?), a. Abounding in gyres. [Obs.]

Gyrencephala

Gyr"en*ceph`a*la (?), n. pl. [NL. fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The higher orders of Mammalia, in which the cerebrum is convoluted. -- Gyr"en*ceph"a*lous (#), a.

Gyrfalcon

Gyr"fal`con (?), n. [OE. gerfaucon, OF. gerfaucon, LL. gyrofalco, perh. fr. L. gyrus circle + falco falcon, and named from its circling flight; or cf. E. gier-eagle. See Gyre, n., Falcon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species and varieties of large Arctic falcons, esp. Falco rusticolus and the white species F. Islandicus, both of which are circumpolar. The black and the gray are varieties of the former. See Illust. of Accipiter. [Written also gerfalcon, gierfalcon, and jerfalcon.]

Gyri

Gy"ri (?), n. pl. See Gyrus.

Gyrland

Gyr"land (?), v. t. [See Garland.] To garland. [Obs.]

Gyrodus

Gyr"o*dus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of extinct o\'94litic fishes, having rounded teeth in several rows adapted for crushing.

Gyrogonite

Gy*rog"o*nite (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) The petrified fruit of the Chara hispida, a species of stonewort. See Stonewort. Lyell.

Gyroidal

Gy*roid"al (?), a. [Gr. -oid + -al.]

1. Spiral in arrangement or action.

2. (Crystallog.) Having the planes arranged spirally, so that they incline all to the right (or left) of a vertical line; -- said of certain hemihedral forms.

3. (Opt.) Turning the plane of polarization circularly or spirally to the right or left.

Gyrolepis

Gy*rol"e*pis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of ganoid fishes, found in strata of the new red sandetone, and the lias bone beds. Agassiz.

Gyroma

Gy*ro"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A turning round. [R.]

Gyromancy

Gyr"o*man"cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. gyromancie.] A kind of divination performed by drawing a ring or circle, and walking in or around it. Brande & C.

Gyron

Gy"ron (?), n. [F. giron; of German origin. See Gore a piece of cloth,] (Her.) A subordinary of triangular form having one of its angles at the fess point and the opposite aide at the edge of the escutcheon. When there is only one gyron on the shield it is bounded by two linea drawn from the fess point, one horizontally to the dexter side, and one to the dexter chief corner.

Gyronny

Gy"ron*ny (?), a. [F. gironn.] (Her.) Covered with gyrons, or divided so as to form several gyrons; -- said of an escutcheon.

Gyropigeon

Gy"ro*pi"geon (?), n. [L. gyrare to revolve + E. pigeon.] A flying object simulating a pigeon in flight, when projected from a spring trap. It is used as a flying target in shooting matches. Knight.

Gyroscope

Gy"ro*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.]

1. A rotating wheel, mounted in a ring or rings, for illustrating the dynamics of rotating bodies, the composition of rotations, etc. It was devised by Professor W. R. Johnson, in 1832, by whom it was called the rotascope.

2. A form of the above apparatus, invented by M. Foucault, mounted so delicately as to render visible the rotation of the earth, through the tendency of the rotating wheel to preserve a constant plane of rotation, independently of the earth's motion.

Gyroscopic

Gy"ro*scop"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the gyroscope; resembling the motion of the gyroscope.

Gy-rose

Gy-rose" (?), a. [See Gyre.] (Bot.) Turned round like a crook, or bent to and fro. Loudon.

Gyrostat

Gy"ro*stat (?), n. [Gr. (Physics) A modification of the gyroscope, consisting essentially of a fly wheel fixed inside a rigid case to which is attached a thin flange of metal for supporting the instrument. It is used in studying the dynamics of rotating bodies.

Gyrostatic

Gy"ro*stat"ic (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the gyrostat or to gyrostatics.

Gyrostatics

Gy"ro*stat"ics (?), n. (Physics) The doctrine or theory of the gyrostat, or of the phenomena of rotating bodies.

Gyrus

Gy"rus (?), n.; pl. Gyri (#). [L. See Gyre, n.] A convoluted ridge between grooves; a convolution; as, the gyri of the brain; the gyri of brain coral. See Brain.

Gyse

Gyse (?), n. Guise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Gyte

Gyte (?), a. Delirious; senselessly extravagant; as, the man is clean gyte. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Gyve

Gyve (?), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. gefyn, Ir. geibbionn, Gael. geimheal.] A shackle; especially, one to confine the legs; a fetter. [Written also give.]
Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves. Shak.
With gyves upon his wrist. Hood.

Gyve

Gyve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gyved (p. pr. & vb. n. Gyving.] To fetter; to shackle; to chain. Spenser.
I will gyve thee in thine own courtship. Shak.
H.

H

H (?), the eighth letter of the English alphabet, is classed among the consonants, and is formed with the mouth organs in the same position as that of the succeeding vowel. It is used with certain consonants to form digraphs representing sounds which are not found in the alphabet, as sh, th, th, as in shall, thing, thine (for zh see §274); also, to modify the sounds of some other letters, as when placed after c and p, with the former of which it represents a compound sound like that of tsh, as in charm (written also tch as in catch), with the latter, the sound of f, as in phase, phantom. In some words, mostly derived or introduced from foreign languages, h following c and g indicates that those consonants have the hard sound before e, i, and y, as in chemistry, chiromancy, chyle, Ghent, Ghibelline, etc.; in some others, ch has the sound of sh, as in chicane. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 153, 179, 181-3, 237-8. The name (aitch) is from the French ache; its form is from the Latin, and this from the Greek H, which was used as the sign of the spiritus asper (rough breathing) before it came to represent the long vowel, Gr. η. The Greek H is from Ph\'d2nician, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian. Etymologically H is most closely related to c; as in E. horn, L. cornu, Gr. ke`ras; E. hele, v. t., conceal; E. hide, L. cutis, Gr. ky`tos; E. hundred, L. centum, Gr. 'e-kat-on, Skr. &csdot;ata. H piece (Mining), the part of a plunger pump which contains the valve.

H

H (h&add;). (Mus.) The seventh degree in the diatonic scale, being used by the Germans for B natural. See B.

Ha

Ha (h&add;), interj. [AS.] An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or grief. Both as uttered and as written, it expresses a great variety of emotions, determined by the tone or the context. When repeated, ha, ha, it is an expression of laughter, satisfaction, or triumph, sometimes of derisive laughter; or sometimes it is equivalent to "Well, it is so."
Ha-has, and inarticulate hootings of satirical rebuke. Carlyle.

Haaf

Haaf (?), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. & Sw. haf the sea, Dan. hav, perh. akin to E. haven.] The deepsea fishing for cod, ling, and tusk, off the Shetland Isles.

Haak

Haak (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sea fish. See Hake. Ash.

Haar

Haar (?), n. [See Hoar.] A fog; esp., a fog or mist with a chill wind. [Scot.] T. Chalmers.

Habeas corpus

Ha"be*as corpus (?). [L. you may have the body.] (Law) A writ having for its object to bring a party before a court or judge; especially, one to inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment or detention by another, with the view to protect the right to personal liberty; also, one to bring a prisoner into court to testify in a pending trial. Bouvier.

Habendum

Ha*ben"dum (?), n. [L., that must be had.] (Law) That part of a deed which follows the part called the premises, and determines the extent of the interest or estate granted; -- so called because it begins with the word Habendum. Kent.

Haberdash

Hab"er*dash (?), v. i. [See Haberdasher.] To deal in small wares. [R.]
To haberdash in earth's base ware. Quarles.

Haberdasher

Hab"er*dash"er (?), n. [Prob. fr. Icel. hapurtask trumpery, trifles, perh. through French. It is possibly akin to E. haversack, and to Icel. taska trunk, chest, pocket, G. tasche pocket, and the orig. sense was perh., peddler's wares.]

1. A dealer in small wares, as tapes, pins, needles, and thread; also, a hatter. [Obs.]

The haberdasher heapeth wealth by hats. Gascoigne.

2. A dealer in drapery goods of various descriptions, as laces, silks, trimmings, etc.

Haberdashery

Hab"er*dash"er*y (?), n. The goods and wares sold by a haberdasher; also (Fig.), trifles. Burke.

Haberdine

Hab"er*dine" (?), n. [D. abberdaan, labberdaan; or a French form, cf. OF. habordeau, from the name of a Basque district, cf. F. Labourd, adj. Labourdin. The l was misunderstood as the French article.] A cod salted and dried. Ainsworth.

Habergeon

Ha*ber"ge*on (?), n. [F. haubergeon a small hauberk, dim. of OF. hauberc, F. haubert. See Hauberk.] Properly, a short hauberk, but often used loosely for the hauberk. Chaucer.

Habilatory

Hab"i*la*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to clothing; wearing clothes. Ld. Lytton.

Habile

Hab"ile (?), a. [F. habile, L. habilis. See Able, Habit.] Fit; qualified; also, apt. [Obs.] Spenser.

Habiliment

Ha*bil"i*ment (?), n. [F. habillement, fr. habiller to dress, clothe, orig., to make fit, make ready, fr. habile apt, skillful, L. habilis. See Habile.]

1. A garment; an article of clothing. Camden.

2. pl. Dress, in general. Shak.

Habilimented

Ha*bil"i*ment*ed, a. Clothed. Taylor (1630).

Habilitate

Ha*bil"i*tate (?), a. [LL. habilitatus, p. p. of habilitare to enable.] Qualified or entitled. [Obs.] Bacon.

Habilitate

Ha*bil"i*tate (?), v. t. To fit out; to equip; to qualify; to entitle. Johnson.

Habilitation

Ha*bil"i*ta"tion (?), n. [LL. habilitatio: cf. F. habilitation.] Equipment; qualification. [Obs.] Bacon.

Hability

Ha*bil"i*ty (?), n. [See Ability.] Ability; aptitude. [Obs.] Robynson. (More's Utopia).

Habit

Hab"it (#) n. [OE. habit, abit fr. habit fr. L. habitus state, appearance, dress, fr. habere to have, be in a condition; prob. akin to E. have. See Have, and cf. Able, Binnacle, Debt, Due, Exhibit, Malady.]

1. The usual condition or state of a person or thing, either natural or acquired, regarded as something had, possessed, and firmly retained; as, a religious habit; his habit is morose; elms have a spreading habit; esp., physical temperament or constitution; as, a full habit of body.

2. (Biol.) The general appearance and manner of life of a living organism.

3. Fixed or established custom; ordinary course of conduct; practice; usage; hence, prominently, the involuntary tendency or aptitude to perform certain actions which is acquired by their frequent repetition; as, habit is second nature; also, peculiar ways of acting; characteristic forms of behavior.

A man of very shy, retired habits. W. Irving.

4. Outward appearance; attire; dress; hence, a garment; esp., a closely fitting garment or dress worn by ladies; as, a riding habit.

Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy. Shak.
There are, among the states, several of Venus, in different habits. Addison.
Syn. -- Practice; mode; manner; way; custom; fashion. -- Habit, Custom. Habit is a disposition or tendency leading us to do easily, naturally, and with growing certainty, what we do often; custom is external, being habitual use or the frequent repetition of the same act. The two operate reciprocally on each other. The custom of giving produces a habit of liberality; habits of devotion promote the custom of going to church. Custom also supposes an act of the will, selecting given modes of procedure; habit is a law of our being, a kind of "second nature" which grows up within us.
How use doth breed a habit in a man ! Shak.

Halieutics

Hal`i*eu"tics (?), n. [L. halieuticus pertaining to fishing, Gr. A treatise upon fish or the art of fishing; ichthyology.

Halmas

Hal"mas (?), a. [See Hallowmas.] The feast of All Saints; Hallowmas. [Obs.]

Haliographer

Ha`li*og"ra*pher (? or ?), n. One who writes about or describes the sea.

Haliography

Ha`li*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] Description of the sea; the science that treats of the sea.

Haliotis

Ha`li*o"tis (? or ?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine shells; the ear-shells. See Abalone.

Haliotoid

Ha"li*o*toid` (? or ?), a. [Haliots + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the genus Haliotis; ear-shaped.

Halisauria

Hal`i*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) The Enaliosauria.

Halite

Ha"lite (? or ?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Native salt; sodium chloride.

Halituous

Ha*lit"u*ous (?; 135), a. [L. halitus breath, vapor, fr. halare to breathe: cf. F. halitueux.] Produced by, or like, breath; vaporous. Boyle.

Halk

Halk (?), n. A nook; a corner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hall

Hall (?), n. [OE. halle, hal, AS. heal, heall; akin to D. hal, OS. & OHG. halla, G. halle, Icel. h\'94lt, and prob. from a root meaning, to hide, conceal, cover. See Hell, Helmet.]

1. A building or room of considerable size and stateliness, used for public purposes; as, Westminster Hall, in London.

2. (a) The chief room in a castle or manor house, and in early times the only public room, serving as the place of gathering for the lord's family with the retainers and servants, also for cooking and eating. It was often contrasted with the bower, which was the private or sleeping apartment.

Full sooty was her bower and eke her hall. Chaucer.
Hence, as the entrance from outside was directly into the hall: (b) A vestibule, entrance room, etc., in the more elaborated buildings of later times. Hence: (c) Any corridor or passage in a building.

3. A name given to many manor houses because the magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion; a chief mansion house. Cowell.

4. A college in an English university (at Oxford, an unendowed college).

5. The apartment in which English university students dine in common; hence, the dinner itself; as, hall is at six o'clock.

6. Cleared passageway in a crowd; -- formerly an exclamation. [Obs.] "A hall! a hall!" B. Jonson. Syn. -- Entry; court; passage. See Vestibule.

Hallage

Hall"age (?; 48), n. (O. Eng. Law) A fee or toll paid for goods sold in a hall.

Halleluiah, Hallelujah

Hal`le*lu"iah, Hal`le*lu"jah (?), n. & interj. [Heb. See Alleluia.] Praise ye Jehovah; praise ye the Lord; -- an exclamation used chiefly in songs of praise or thanksgiving to God, and as an expression of gratitude or adoration. Rev. xix. 1 (Rev. Ver. )
So sung they, and the empyrean rung With Hallelujahs. Milton.
In those days, as St. Jerome tells us,"any one as he walked in the fields, might hear the plowman at his hallelujahs." Sharp.

Hallelujatic

Hal`le*lu*jat"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, hallelujahs. [R.]

Halliard

Hal"liard (?), n. See Halyard.

Hallidome

Hal"li*dome (?), n. Same as Halidom.

Hallier

Hal"li*er (? or ?), n. [From Hale to pull.] A kind of net for catching birds.

Hall-mark

Hall"-mark` (?), n. The official stamp of the Goldsmiths' Company and other assay offices, in the United Kingdom, on gold and silver articles, attesting their purity. Also used figuratively; -- as, a word or phrase lacks the hall-mark of the best writers.

Halloa

Hal*loa" (?). See Halloo.

Halloo

Hal*loo" (?), n. [Perh. fr. ah + lo; cf. AS. eal\'be, G. halloh, F. haler to set (a dog) on. Cf. Hollo, interj.] A loud exclamation; a call to invite attention or to incite a person or an animal; a shout.
List! List! I hear Some far off halloo break the silent air. Milton.

Halloo

Hal*loo", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hallooed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Halloing.] To cry out; to exclaim with a loud voice; to call to a person, as by the word halloo.
Country folks hallooed and hooted after me. Sir P. Sidney.

Halloo

Hal*loo", v. t.

1. To encourage with shouts.

Old John hallooes his hounds again. Prior.

2. To chase with shouts or outcries.

If I fly . . . Halloo me like a hare. Shak.

3. To call or shout to; to hail. Shak.

Halloo

Hal*loo", interj. [OE. halow. See Halloo, n.] An exclamation to call attention or to encourage one.

Hallow

Hal"low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hallowed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hallowing.] [OE. halowen, halwien, halgien, AS. h\'belgian, fr. h\'belig holy. See Holy.] To make holy; to set apart for holy or religious use; to consecrate; to treat or keep as sacred; to reverence. "Hallowed be thy name." Matt. vi. 9.
Hallow the Sabbath day, to do no work therein. Jer. xvii. 24.
His secret altar touched with hallowed fire. Milton.
In a larger sense . . . we can not hallow this ground [Gettysburg]. A. Lincoln.

Halloween

Hal`low*een" (?), n. The evening preceding Allhallows or All Saints' Day. [Scot.]<-- October 31 --> Burns.

Hallowmas

Hal"low*mas (?), n. [See Mass the eucharist.] The feast of All Saints, or Allhallows.
To speak puling, like a beggar at Hallowmas. Shak.

Halloysite

Hal*loy"site (?), n. [Named after Omalius d'Halloy.] (Min.) A claylike mineral, occurring in soft, smooth, amorphous masses, of a whitish color.

Hallucal

Hal"lu*cal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hallux.

Hallucinate

Hal*lu"ci*nate (?), v. i. [L. hallucinatus, alucinatus, p. p. of hallucinari, alucinari, to wander in mind, talk idly, dream.] To wander; to go astray; to err; to blunder; -- used of mental processes. [R.] Byron.

Hallucination

Hal*lu`ci*na"tion (?), n. [L. hallucinatio cf. F. hallucination.]

1. The act of hallucinating; a wandering of the mind; error; mistake; a blunder.

This must have been the hallucination of the transcriber. Addison.

Page 666

2. (Med.) The perception of objects which have no reality, or of sensations which have no corresponding external cause, arising from disorder or the nervous system, as in delirium tremens; delusion.

Hallucinations are always evidence of cerebral derangement and are common phenomena of insanity. W. A. Hammond.

Hallucinator

Hal*lu"ci*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One whose judgment and acts are affected by hallucinations; one who errs on account of his hallucinations. N. Brit. Rev.

Hallucinatory

Hal*lu"ci*na*to*ry (?), a. Partaking of, or tending to produce, hallucination.

Hallux

Hal"lux (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hallex, allex.] (Anat.) The first, or preaxial, digit of the hind limb, corresponding to the pollux in the fore limb; the great toe; the hind toe of birds.

Halm

Halm (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Haulm.

Halma

Hal"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek Antiq.) The long jump, with weights in the hands, -- the most important of the exercises of the Pentathlon.

Halo

Ha"lo (?), n.; pl. Halos(. [L. halos, acc. halo, Gr. volvere, and E. voluble.]

1. A luminous circle, usually prismatically colored, round the sun or moon, and supposed to be caused by the refraction of light through crystals of ice in the atmosphere. Connected with halos there are often white bands, crosses, or arches, resulting from the same atmospheric conditions.

2. A circle of light; especially, the bright ring represented in painting as surrounding the heads of saints and other holy persons; a glory; a nimbus.

3. An ideal glory investing, or affecting one's perception of, an object.

4. A colored circle around a nipple; an areola.

Halo

Ha"lo, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Haloed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Haloing.] To form, or surround with, a halo; to encircle with, or as with, a halo.
The fire That haloed round his saintly brow. Sothey.

Haloed

Ha"loed (?), a. Surrounded with a halo; invested with an ideal glory; glorified.
Some haloed face bending over me. C. Bront\'82.

Halogen

Hal"o*gen (?), n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -gen: cf. F. halog\'8ane.] (Chem.) An electro-negative element or radical, which, by combination with a metal, forms a haloid salt; especially, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; sometimes, also, fluorine and cyanogen. See Chlorine family, under Chlorine.

Halogenous

Ha*log"e*nous (?), a. Of the nature of a halogen.

Haloid

Ha"loid (? or ?), a. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s salt + -oid: cf. F. cal.] (Chem.) Resembling salt; -- said of certain binary compounds consisting of a metal united to a negative element or radical, and now chiefly applied to the chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sometimes also to the fluorides and cyanides. -- n. A haloid substance.

Halomancy

Hal"o*man`cy (?), n. See Alomancy.

Halometer

Ha*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + -meter.] An instrument for measuring the forms and angles of salts and crystals; a goniometer.

Halones

Ha*lo"nes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) Alternating transparent and opaque white rings which are seen outside the blastoderm, on the surface of the developing egg of the hen and other birds.

Halophyte

Hal"o*phyte (?), n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + (Bot.) A plant found growing in salt marshes, or in the sea.

Haloscope

Ha"lo*scope (?), n. [Halo + -scope.] An instrument for exhibition or illustration of the phenomena of halos, parhelia, and the like.

Halotrichite

Hal*o*tri"chite (?), n. [Gr. "a`ls sea + fri`x, tricho`s, hair.] (Min.) An iron alum occurring in silky fibrous aggregates of a yellowish white color.

Haloxyline

Ha*lox"y*line, n. [Gr. "a`ls, "alo`s, salt + xy`lon wood.] An explosive mixture, consisting of sawdust, charcoal, niter, and ferrocyanide of potassium, used as a substitute for gunpowder.

Halp

Halp (?), imp. of Help. Helped. [Obs.]

Halpace

Hal"pace (?), n. (Arch.) See Haut pas.

Hals

Hals (?), n. [AS. heals; akin to D., G., & Goth. hals. See Collar.] The neck or throat. [Obs.]
Do me hangen by the hals. Chaucer.

Halse

Halse (?), v. t. [AS. healsian.]

1. To embrace about the neck; to salute; to greet. [Obs.]

Each other kissed glad And lovely halst. Spenser.

2. To adjure; to beseech; to entreat. [Obs.]

O dere child, I halse thee, In virtue of the Holy Trinity. Chaucer.

Halse

Halse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halsed (h?lst); p. pr. & vb. n. Halsing.] [Cf. Hawser.] To haul; to hoist. [Obs.]

Halsening

Hal"sen*ing (?), a. Sounding harshly in the throat; inharmonious; rough. [Obs.] Carew.

Halser

Hals"er (?), n. See Hawser. Pope.

Halt

Halt (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contraction for holdeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Halt

Halt (?), n. [Formerly alt, It. alto, G. halt, fr. halten to hold. See Hold.] A stop in marching or walking, or in any action; arrest of progress.
Without any halt they marched. Clarendon.
[Lovers] soon in passion's war contest, Yet in their march soon make a halt. Davenant.

Halt

Halt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Halted; p. pr. & vb. n. Halting.]

1. To hold one's self from proceeding; to hold up; to cease progress; to stop for a longer or shorter period; to come to a stop; to stand still.

2. To stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do; to h

How long halt ye between two opinions? 1 Kings xviii. 21

Halt

Halt (?), v. t. (Mil.) To cause to cease marching; to stop; as, the general halted his troops for refreshment.

Halt

Halt, a. [AS. healt; akin to OS., Dan., & Sw. halt, Icel. haltr, halltr, Goth. halts, OHG. halz.] Halting or stopping in walking; lame.
Bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the halt, and the blind. Luke xiv. 21.

Halt

Halt, n. The act of limping; lameness.

Halt

Halt, v. i. [OE. halten, AS. healtian. See Halt, a.]

1. To walk lamely; to limp.

2. To have an irregular rhythm; to be defective.

The blank verse shall halt for it. Shak.

Halter

Halt"er (?), n. One who halts or limps

Halter

Hal"ter (?), n. [OE. halter, helter, helfter, AS. h\'91lftre; akin to G. halfter, D. halfter, halster, and also to E. helve. See Helve.] A strong strap or cord. Especially: (a) A rope or strap, with or without a headstall, for leading or tying a horse. (b) A rope for hanging malefactors; a noose. Shak.
No man e'er felt the halter draw With good opinion of the law. Trumbull.

Halter

Hal"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haltered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Haltering.] To tie by the neck with a rope, strap, or halter; to put a halter on; to subject to a hangman's halter. "A haltered neck." Shak.

Halteres

Hal*te"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Balancers; the rudimentary hind wings of Diptera.

Halter-sack

Hal"ter-sack` (?), n. A term of reproach, implying that one is fit to be hanged. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Haltingly

Halt"ing*ly (?), adv. In a halting or limping manner.

Halvans

Hal"vans (?), n. pl. (Mining) Impure ore; dirty ore.

Halve

Hal"ve (?), n. A half. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Halve

Halve (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Halving.] [From Half.]

1. To divide into two equal parts; as, to halve an apple; to be or form half of.

So far apart their lives are thrown From the twin soul that halves their own. M. Arnold.

2. (Arch.) To join, as two pieces of timber, by cutting away each for half its thickness at the joining place, and fitting together.

Halved

Halved (?), a. Appearing as if one side, or one half, were cut away; dimidiate.

Halves

Halves (?), n., pl. of Half. By halves, by one half at once; halfway; fragmentarily; partially; incompletely.
I can not believe by halves; either I have faith, or I have it not. J. H. Newman.
To go halves. See under Go.

Halwe

Hal"we (?), n. [OE., fr. AS. h\'belga. See Holy.] A saint. [Obs.] Chaucer.
He who reigns . . . upheld by old repute,
Consent, or custom. Milton.

Habit

Hab"it (?), v. t. [ Habited; p. pr. & vb. n. Habiting.] [OE. habiten to dwell, F. habiter, fr. L. habitare to have frequently, to dwell, intens. fr. habere to have. See Habit, n.]

1. To inhabit. [Obs.]

In thilke places as they [birds] habiten. Rom. of R.

2. To dress; to clothe; to array.

They habited themselves lite those rural deities. Dryden.

3. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.] Chapman.

Habitability

Hab"it*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Habitableness.

Habitable

Hab"it*a*ble (?), a. [F. habitable, L. habitbilis.] Capable of being inhabited; that may be inhabited or dwelt in; as, the habitable world. -- Hab"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Hab"it*a*bly, adv.
Page 662

Habitakle

Hab"ita*kle (?), n [F. habitacle dwelling place, binnacle, L. habitaculum dwelling place. See Binnacle, Habit, v.] A dwelling place. Chaucer. Southey.

Habitan

Ha`bi`tan" (?), n. Same as Habitant, 2.
General met an emissary . . . sent . . . to ascertain the feelings of the habitans or French yeomanry. W. Irwing.

Habitance

Hab"it*ance (?), n. [OF. habitance, LL. habitania.] Dwelling; abode; residence. [Obs.] Spenser.

Habiitancy

Habi"it*an*cy (?), n. Same as Inhabitancy.

Habitant

Hab`it*ant (?), n. [F. habitant. See Habit, v.t]

1. An inhabitant; a dweller. Milton. Pope.

2. [F. pron. (] An inhabitant or resident; -- a name applied to and denoting farmers of French descent or origin in Canada, especially in the Province of Quebec; -- usually in plural.

The habitants or cultivators of the soil. Parkman.

Habitat

Hab`i*tat (?), n. [L., it dwells, fr. habitare. See Habit, v. t.]

1. (Biol.) The natural abode, locality or region of an animal or plant.

2. Place where anything is commonly found.

This word has its habitat in Oxfordshire. Earle.

Habitation

Hab`i*ta"tion (?), n. [F. habitation, L. habi(atio.]

1. The act of inhabiting; state of inhabiting or dwelling, or of being inhabited; occupancy. Denham.

2. Place of abode; settled dwelling; residence; house.

The Lord . . . blesseth the habitation of the just. Prov. iii. 33.

Habitator

Hab"ita`tor (?), n. [L.] A dweller; an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Habited

Hab`it*ed (?), p. p. & a.

1. Clothed; arrayed; dressed; as, he was habited like a shepherd.

2. Fixed by habit; accustomed. [Obs.]

So habited he was in sobriety. Fuller.

3. Inhabited. [Archaic]

Another world, which is habited by the ghosts of men and women. Addison.

Habitual

Ha*bit"ual (?; 135), a. [Cf. F. habituel, LL. habituals. See Habit, n.]

1. Formed or acquired by habit or use.

An habitual knowledge of certain rules and maxims. South.

2. According to habit; established by habit; customary; constant; as, the habiual practice of sin.

It is the distinguishing mark of habitual piety to be grateful for the most common and ordinary blessings. Buckminster.
Syn. -- Customary; accustomed; usual; common; wonted; ordinary; regular; familiar. -- Ha*bit"u*al*ly, adv. -- Ha*bit"u*al*ness, n.

Habituate

Ha*bit"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Habituated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Habituating (?).] [L. habituatus, p. p. of habituare to bring into a condition or habit of body: cf. F. habituer. See Habit.]

1. To make accustomed; to accustom; to familiarize.

Our English dogs, who were habituated to a colder clime. Sir K. Digby.
Men are first corrupted . . . and next they habituate themselves to their vicious practices. Tillotson.

2. To settle as an inhabitant. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

Habituate

Ha*bit"u*ate (?), a. Firmly established by custom; formed by habit; habitual. [R.] Hammond.

Habituation

Ha*bit`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. habituation.] The act of habituating, or accustoming; the state of being habituated.

Habitude

Hab"i*tude (?), n. [F., fr. L. habitudo condition. See Habit.]

1. Habitual attitude; usual or accustomed state with reference to something else; established or usual relations. South.

The same ideas having immutably the same habitudes one to another. Locke.

2. Habitual association, intercourse, or familiarity.

To write well, one must have frequent habitudes with the best company. Dryden.

3. Habit of body or of action. Shak.

It is impossible to gain an exact habitude without an infinite Dryden.

Habitue

Ha`bi`tu`e" (?), n. [F., p. p. of habituer. See Habituate.] One who habitually frequents a place; as, an habitu\'82 of a theater.

Habiture

Hab"i*ture (?; 135), n. Habitude. [Obs.]

Habitus

Hab"i*tus (?), n. [L.] (Zo\'94l.) Habitude; mode of life; general appearance.

Hable

Ha"ble (?), a. See Habile. [Obs.] Spenser.

Habnab

Hab"nab (?), adv. [Hobnob.] By chance. [Obs.]

Hachure

Hach"ure (?), n. [F., fr. hacher to hack. See Hatching.] (Fine Arts) A short line used in drawing and engraving, especially in shading and denoting different surfaces, as in map drawing. See Hatching.

Hacienda

Ha`ci*en"da (? or ?), n. [Sp., fr. OSp. facienda employment, estate, fr. L. facienda, pl. of faciendum what is to be done, fr. facere to do. See Fact.] A large estate where work of any kind is done, as agriculture, manufacturing, mining, or raising of animals; a cultivated farm, with a good house, in distinction from a farming establishment with rude huts for herdsmen, etc.; -- a word used in Spanish-American regions. <-- 2. The main residence of a hacienda

1. -->

Hack

Hack (?), n. [See Hatch a half door.]

1. A frame or grating of various kinds; as, a frame for drying bricks, fish, or cheese; a rack for feeding cattle; a grating in a mill race, etc.

2. Unburned brick or tile, stacked up for drying.

Hack

Hack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hacking.] [OE. hakken; akin to D. hakken, G. hacken, Dan. hakke, Sw. hacka, and perh. to E. hew. Cf. Hew to cut, Haggle.]

1. To cut irregulary, without skill or definite purpose; to notch; to mangle by repeated strokes of a cutting instrument; as, to hack a post.

My sword hacked like a handsaw. Shak.

2. Fig.: To mangle in speaking. Shak.

Hack

Hack, v. i. To cough faintly and frequently, or in a short, broken manner; as, a hacking cough.

Hack

Hack, n.

1. A notch; a cut. Shak.

2. An implement for cutting a notch; a large pick used in breaking stone.

3. A hacking; a catch in speaking; a short, broken cough. Dr. H. More.

4. (Football) A kick on the shins. T. Hughes. Hack saw, a handsaw having a narrow blade stretched in an iron frame, for cutting metal.

Hack

Hack (?), n. [Shortened fr. hackney. See Hackney.]

1. A horse, hackneyed or let out for common hire; also, a horse used in all kinds of work, or a saddle horse, as distinguished from hunting and carriage horses.

2. A coach or carriage let for hire; particularly, a a coach with two seats inside facing each other; a hackney coach.

On horse, on foot, in hacks and gilded chariots. Pope.

3. A bookmaker who hires himself out for any sort of literary work; an overworked man; a drudge.

Here lies poor Ned Purdon, from misery freed, Who long was a bookseller's hack. Goldsmith.

4. A procuress.

Hack

Hack, a. Hackneyed; hired; mercenary. Wakefield. Hack writer, a hack; one who writes for hire. "A vulgar hack writer." Macaulay.

Hack

Hack, v. t.

1. To use as a hack; to let out for hire.

2. To use frequently and indiscriminately, so as to render trite and commonplace.<-- = hackney? -->

The word "remarkable" has been so hacked of late. J. H. Newman.

Hack

Hack, v. i.

1. To be exposed or offered or to common use for hire; to turn prostitute. Hanmer.

2. To live the life of a drudge or hack. Goldsmith.

Hackamore

Hack"a*more (?), n. [Cf. Sp. jaquima headstall of a halter.] A halter consisting of a long leather or rope strap and headstall, -- used for leading or tieing a pack animal. [Western U.S.]

Hackberry

Hack"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of trees (Celtis) related to the elm, but bearing drupes with scanty, but often edible, pulp. C. occidentalis is common in the Eastern United States. Gray.

Hackbolt

Hack"bolt` (?), n, (Zo\'94l.) The greater shearwater or hagdon. See Hagdon.

Hackbuss

Hack"buss (?), n. Same as Hagbut.

Hackee

Hack"ee (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chipmunk; also, the chickaree or red squirrel. [U.S.]

Hacker

Hack"er (?), n. One who, or that which, hacks. Specifically: A cutting instrument for making notches; esp., one used for notching pine trees in collecting turpentine; a hack.

Hackery

Hack"er*y (?), n. [Hind. chakr\'be.] A cart with wooden wheels, drawn by bullocks. [Bengal] Malcom.

Hackle

Hac"kle (?), n. [See Heckle, and cf. Hatchel.]

1. A comb for dressing flax, raw silk, etc.; a hatchel.

2. Any flimsy substance unspun, as raw silk.

3. One of the peculiar, long, narrow feathers on the neck of fowls, most noticeable on the cock, -- often used in making artificial flies; hence, any feather so used.

4. An artificial fly for angling, made of feathers.

Hackle

Hac"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hackling (?).]

1. To separate, as the coarse part of flax or hemp from the fine, by drawing it through the teeth of a hackle or hatchel.

2. To tear asunder; to break in pieces.

The other divisions of the kingdom being hackled and torn to pieces. Burke.

Hackly

Hac"kly (?), a. [From Hackle]

1. Rough or broken, as if hacked.

2. (Min.) Having fine, short, and sharp points on the surface; as, the hackly fracture of metallic iron.

Hackman

Hack"man (?), n.; pl. Hackmen (. The driver of a hack or carriage for public hire.

Hackmatack

Hack"ma*tack` (?), n. [Of American Indian origin.] (Bot.) The American larch (Larix Americana), a coniferous tree with slender deciduous leaves; also, its heavy, close-grained timber. Called also tamarack.

Hackney

Hack"ney (?), n.; pl. Hackneys (#). [OE. haceney, hacenay; cf. F. haquen\'82e a pacing horse, an ambling nag, OF. also haquen\'82e, Sp. hacanea, OSp. facanea, D. hakkenei, also OF. haque horse, Sp. haca, OSp. faca; perh akin to E. hack to cut, and orig. meaning, a jolting horse. Cf. Hack a horse, Nag.]

1. A horse for riding or driving; a nag; a pony. Chaucer.

2. A horse or pony kept for hire.

3. A carriage kept for hire; a hack; a hackney coach.

4. A hired drudge; a hireling; a prostitute.

Hackney

Hack"ney, a. Let out for hire; devoted to common use; hence, much used; trite; mean; as, hackney coaches; hackney authors. "Hackney tongue." Roscommon. <-- also hackneyed -->

Hackney

Hack"ney, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hackneyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hackneying.]

1. To devote to common or frequent use, as a horse or carriage; to wear out in common service; to make trite or commonplace; as, a hackneyed metaphor or quotation.

Had I lavish of my presence been, So common-hackneyed in the eyes of men. Shak.

2. To carry in a hackney coach. Cowper.

Hackneyman

Hack"ney*man (?), n.; pl. Hackneymen (. A man who lets horses and carriages for hire.

Hackster

Hack"ster (?), n. [From Hack to cut.] A bully; a bravo; a ruffian; an assassin. [Obs.] Milton.

Hacqueton

Hac"que*ton (?), n. Same as Acton. [Obs.]

Had

Had (?), imp. & p. p. of Have. [OE.had, hafde, hefde, AS. h\'91fde.] See Have. Had as lief, Had rather, Had better, Had as soon, etc., with a nominative and followed by the infinitive without to, are well established idiomatic forms. The original construction was that of the dative with forms of be, followed by the infinitive. See Had better, under Better.
And lever me is be pore and trewe. [And more agreeable to me it is to be poor and true.] C. Mundi (Trans. ).
Him had been lever to be syke. [To him it had been preferable to be sick.] Fabian.
For him was lever have at his bed's head Twenty bookes, clad in black or red, . . . Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie. Chaucer.
Gradually the nominative was substituted for the dative, and had for the forms of be. During the process of transition, the nominative with was or were, and the dative with had, are found.
Poor lady, she were better love a dream. Shak.
You were best hang yourself. Beau. & Fl.
Me rather had my heart might feel your love Than my unpleased eye see your courtesy. Shak.
I hadde levere than my scherte, That ye hadde rad his legende, as have I. Chaucer.
I had as lief not be as live to be In awe of such a thing as I myself. Shak.
I had rather be a dog and bay the moon, Than such a Roman. Shak.
I had rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God, than to dwell in the tents of wickedness. Ps. lxxxiv.10.

Hadder

Had"der (?), n. Heather; heath. [Obs.] Burton.

Haddie

Had"die (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The haddock. [Scot.]

Haddock

Had"dock (?), n. [OE. hadoc, haddok, of unknown origin; cf. Ir. codog, Gael. adag, F. hadot.] (Zo\'94l.) A marine food fish (Melanogrammus \'91glefinus), allied to the cod, inhabiting the northern coasts of Europe and America. It has a dark lateral line and a black spot on each side of the body, just back of the gills. Galled also haddie, and dickie. Norway haddock, a marine edible fish (Sebastes marinus) of Northern Europe and America. See Rose fish.

Hade

Hade (?), n. [Cf. heald inclined, bowed down, G. halde declivity.]

1. The descent of a hill. [Obs.]

2. (Mining) The inclination or deviation from the vertical of any mineral vein.

Hade

Hade, v. i. (Mining) To deviate from the vertical; -- said of a vein, fault, or lode.

Hades

Ha"des (?), n. [Gr.Un-, Wit.] The nether world (according to classical mythology, the abode of the shades, ruled over by Hades or Pluto); the invisible world; the grave.
And death and Hades gave up the dead which were in them. Rev. xx. 13 (Rev. Ver. ).
Neither was he left in Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption. Acts ii. 31 (Rev. Ver.).
And in Hades he lifted up his eyes, being in torments. Luke xvi.23 (Rev. Ver.).

Hadj

Hadj (?), n. [Ar.hajj, fr. hajja to set out, walk, go on a pilgrimage.] The pilgrimage to Mecca, performed by Mohammedans.

Hadji

Hadj"i (?), n. [Ar. h\'bej&imac;. See Hadj.]

1. A Mohammedan pilgrim to Mecca; -- used among Orientals as a respectful salutation or a title of honor. G. W. Curtis.

2. A Greek or Armenian who has visited the holy sepulcher at Jerusalem. Heyse.

Hadrosaurus

Had`ro*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "adro`s thick + say^ros lizard.] (Paleon.) An American herbivorous dinosaur of great size, allied to the iguanodon. It is found in the Cretaceous formation.

H\'91cceity

H\'91c*ce`i*ty (?), [L. h\'91cce this.] (Logic) Literally, this-ness. A scholastic term to express individuality or singleness; as, this book.

H\'91ma- H\'91m"a- (, H\'91m"a*to- (, H\'91m"o- (. [Gr. ai^"ma, blood.] Combining forms indicating relation or resemblance to blood, association with blood; as, h\'91mapod, h\'91matogenesis, h\'91moscope. &hand; Words from Gr. (hema-, hemato-, hemo-, as well as h\'91ma-, h\'91mato-, h\'91mo-.

H\'91machrome

H\'91m"a*chrome (? ∨ ?), n. [H\'91ma- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) Hematin.

H\'91macyanin

H\'91m`a*cy"a*nin (?), n. [H\'91ma- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance found in the blood of the octopus, which gives to it its blue color. &hand; When deprived of oxygen it is colorless, but becomes quickly blue in contact with oxygen, and is then generally called oxyh\'91macyanin. A similar blue coloring matter has been detected in small quantity in the blood of other animals and in the bile.

H\'91macytometer

H\'91m`a*cy*tom"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91ma + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) An apparatus for determining the number of corpuscles in a given quantity of blood.

H\'91mad

H\'91"mad (?), adv. [H\'91ma- + L. ad toward.] (Anat.) Toward the h\'91mal side; on the h\'91mal side of; -- opposed to neurad.

H\'91madrometer or, H\'91madremometer

H\'91m`a*drom"e*ter (? or ?), H\'91m`a*dre*mom"e*ter (?), n. Same as Hemadrometer.

H\'91madrometry,H\'91madromometry

H\'91m`a*drom"e*try (?),H\'91m`a*dro*mom"e*try (?), n. Same as Hemadrometry.

H\'91madromograph

H\'91m`a*drom"o*graph (?), n. [H\'91ma- + Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for registering the velocity of the blood.

H\'91madynameter or H\'91madynamometer

H\'91`ma*dy*nam"e*ter (? or ?) H\'91`ma*dy`na*mom"e*ter (? or ?)
, Same as Hemadynamometer.

H\'91madynamics

H\'91ma*dy*nam"ics (, n. Same as Hemadynamics.

H\'91mal

H\'91"mal (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to the blood or blood vessels; also, ventral. See Hemal.

H\'91maph\'91in

H\'91m`a*ph\'91"in (?), n. [H\'91ma- + Gr. (Physiol.) A brownish substance sometimes found in the blood, in cases of jaundice.

H\'91mapod

H\'91m"a*pod (? or ?), n. [H\'91ma + -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) An h\'91mapodous animal. G. Rolleston.
Page 663

H\'91mapodous

H\'91*map"o*dous (?), a. (Anat.) Having the limbs on, or directed toward, the ventral or hemal side, as in vertebrates; -- opposed to neuropodous.

H\'91mapoietic

H\'91m`a*poi*et"ic (? or ?), a. [H\'91ma- + Gr. (Physiol.) Bloodforming; as, the h\'91mapoietic function of the spleen.

H\'91mapophysis

H\'91m`a*poph"y*sis (?), n. [NL.] Same as Hemapophysis. -- H\'91m`a*po*phys"i*al (#), a.

H\'91mastatics

H\'91m`a*stat"ics, n. Same as Hemastatics.

H\'91matachometer

H\'91m`a*ta*chom"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91ma- + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.) A form of apparatus (somewhat different from the hemadrometer) for measuring the velocity of the blood.

H\'91matachometry

H\'91m`a*ta*chom"e*try (?), n. (Physiol.) The measurement of the velocity of the blood.

H\'91matemesis

H\'91m`a*tem"e*sis, n. Same as Hematemesis.

H\'91matic

H\'91*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the blood; sanguine; brownish red. H\'91matic acid (Physiol.), a hypothetical acid, supposed to be formed from hemoglobin during its oxidation in the lungs, and to have the power of freeing carbonic acid from the sodium carbonate of the serum. Thudichum.

H\'91matin

H\'91m"a*tin, n. Same as Hematin.

H\'91matinometer

H\'91m`a*ti*nom"e*ter, n. Same as Hematinometer.

H\'91matinometric

H\'91m`a*tin`o*met"ric, a. Same as Hematinometric.

H\'91matite

H\'91m"a*tite, n. Same as Hematite.

H\'91matitic

H\'91m`a*tit"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of a blood-red color; crimson; (Bot.) brownish red.

H\'91mato-

H\'91m"a*to- (? or ?), prefix. See H\'91ma-.

H\'91matoblast

H\'91m"a*to*blast (?), n. [H\'91mato- + -blast.] (Anat.) One of the very minute, disk-shaped bodies found in blood with the ordinary red corpuscles and white corpuscles; a third kind of blood corpuscle, supposed by some to be an early stage in the development of the red corpuscles; -- called also blood plaque, and blood plate.<-- = hemocytoblast, hematocytoblast. Precursor of erythroblasts, lymphoblasts, and myeloblasts, found mostly in bone marrow. Hayem's hematoblast = a platelet -->

H\'91matocrya

H\'91m`a*toc"ry*a (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) The cold-blooded vertebrates. Same as Hematocrya.

H\'91matocryal

H\'91m`*a*toc"ry*al (?), a. Cold-blooded.

H\'91matocrystallin

H\'91m`a*to*crys"tal*lin, n. Same as Hematocrystallin.

H\'91matodynamometer

H\'91`ma*to*dy`na*mom"e*ter (? or ?), n. Same as Hemadynamometer.

H\'91matogenesis

H\'91m`a*to*gen"e*sis (?), n. [H\'91mato- + genesis.] (Physiol.) (a) The origin and development of blood. (b) The transformation of venous arterial blood by respiration; hematosis.

H\'91matogenic

H\'91m`a*to*gen"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to h\'91matogenesis.

H\'91matogenous

H\'91m`a*tog"e*nous (?), a. (Physiol.) Originating in the blood.

H\'91matoglobulin

H\'91m`a*to*glob"u*lin, n. Same as Hematoglobin.

H\'91matoid

H\'91m"a*toid, a. Same as Hematoid.

H\'91matoidin

H\'91m`a*toid"in, n. Same as Hematoidin.

H\'91matoin

H\'91*mat"o*in (?), n. [H\'91mato- + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance formed from the hematin of blood, by removal of the iron through the action of concentrated sulphuric acid. Two like bodies, called respectively h\'91matoporphyrin and h\'91matolin, are formed in a similar manner.

H\'91matolin

H\'91*mat"o*lin (?), n. See H\'91matoin.

H\'91matology

H\'91m`a*tol"o*gy (? or ?), n. The science which treats of the blood. Same as Hematology.

H\'91matometer

H\'91m`a*tom"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91mato- + -meter.] (Physiol.) (a) Same as Hemadynamometer. (b) An instrument for determining the number of blood corpuscles in a given quantity of blood.

H\'91matophlina

H\'91m`a*to*ph*li"na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. -gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Cheiroptera, including the bloodsucking bats. See Vampire.

H\'91matoplast

H\'91m"a*to*plast` (?), n. [H\'91mato- + Gr. (Anat.) Same as H\'91matoblast.

H\'91matoplastic

H\'91m`a*to*plas"tic (?), a. [H\'91mato- + -plastic.] (Physiol.) Blood formative; -- applied to a substance in early fetal life, which breaks up gradually into blood vessels.

H\'91matoporphyrin

H\'91m`a*to*por"phy*rin (?), n. [H\'91mato- + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) See H\'91matoin.

H\'91matosac

H\'91m"a*to*sac` (?), n. [H\'91mato- + sac.] (Anat.) A vascular sac connected, beneath the brain, in many fishes, with the infundibulum.

H\'91matoscope

H\'91m"a*to*scope` (?), n. A h\'91moscope.

H\'91matosin

H\'91m`a*to"sin (? or ?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) Hematin. [R.]

H\'91matosis

H\'91m`a*to"sis, n. Same as Hematosis.

H\'91matotherma

H\'91m`a*to*ther"ma (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Hematotherma.

H\'91matothermal

H\'91m`a*to*ther"mal (?), a. Warm-blooded; homoiothermal.

H\'91matothorax

H\'91m`a*to*tho"rax, n. Same as Hemothorax.

H\'91matexylin

H\'91m`a*tex"y*lin (?), n. [See H\'91matoxylon.] (Chem.) The coloring principle of logwood. It is obtained as a yellow crystalline substance, C16H14O6, with a sweetish taste. Formerly called also hematin.

H\'91matoxylon

H\'91m`a*tox"y*lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants containing but a single species, the H. Campechianum or logwood tree, native in Yucatan.

H\'91matozo\'94n

H\'91m`a*to*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl. H\'91matozoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A parasite inhabiting the blood; esp.: (a) Certain species of nematodes of the genus Filaria, sometimes found in the blood of man, the horse, the dog, etc. (b) The trematode, Bilharzia h\'91matobia, which infests the inhabitants of Egypt and other parts of Africa, often causing death.

H\'91mic

H\'91"mic (? or ?),

H\'91min

H\'91"min (?), n. Same as Hemin.

H\'91mo-

H\'91m"o- (? or ?), prefix. See H\'91ma-.

H\'91mochrome

H\'91m"ochrome (?), n. Same as H\'91machrome.

H\'91mochromogen

H\'91m`o*chro"mogen (?), n. [H\'91mochrome + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body obtained from hemoglobin, by the action of reducing agents in the absence of oxygen.

H\'91mochromometer

H\'91m`o*chro*mom`e*ter (?), n. [H\'91mochrome + -meter.] (Physiol. Chem.) An apparatus for measuring the amount of hemoglobin in a fluid, by comparing it with a solution of known strength and of normal color.

H\'91mocyanin

H\'91m`o*cy"a*nin (?), n. Same as H\'91macyanin.

H\'91mocytolysis

H\'91m`o*cy*tol"y*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.) See H\'91mocytotrypsis.

H\'91mocytometer

H\'91m`o*cy*tom"e*ter, n. See H\'91macytometer.

H\'91mocytotrypsis

H\'91m`o*cy`to*tryp"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.) A breaking up of the blood corpuscles, as by pressure, in distinction from solution of the corpuscles, or h\'91mcytolysis.

H\'91modromograph

H\'91m`o*drom"o*graph (?), n. Same as H\'91madromograph.

H\'91modynameter

H\'91`mo*dy*nam"e*ter (? or ?), n. Same as Hemadynamics.

H\'91moglobin

H\'91m`o*glo"bin, n. Same as Hemoglobin.

H\'91moglobinometer

H\'91m`o*glo`bin*om"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91moglobin + -meter.] Same as Hemochromometer.

H\'91molutein

H\'91m`o*lu"te*in (?), n. [H\'91mo- + corpus luteum.] (Physiol.) See Hematoidin.

H\'91momanometer

H\'91m`o*ma*nom"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91mo- + manometer.] Same as Hemadynamometer.

H\'91mometer

H\'91*mom"e*ter (?), n. [H\'91mo- + -meter.] (Physiol.) Same as Hemadynamometer.

H\'91mony

H\'91"mo*ny (?), n. [L. H\'91monia a name of Thessaly, the land of magic.] A plant described by Milton as "of sovereign use against all enchantments."

H\'91moplastic

H\'91mo*plas"tic, a. Same as H\'91matoplastic.

H\'91morrhoidal

H\'91m"or*rhoid"al, a. Same as Hemorrhoidal.

H\'91moscope

H\'91m"o*scope (? or ?), n. [H\'91mo- + -scope.] (Physiol.) An instrument devised by Hermann, for regulating and measuring the thickness of a layer of blood for spectroscopic examination.

H\'91mostatic

H\'91m`o*stat"ic (?), a. Same Hemostatic.

H\'91motachometer

H\'91m`o*ta*chom"e*ter (?), n. Same as H\'91matachometer.

H\'91motachometry

H\'91m`o*ta*chom"e*try (?), n. Same as H\'91matachometry.

Haf

Haf (?), imp. of Heave. Hove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Haffle

Haf"fle (?), v. i. [Cf. G. haften to cling, stick to, Prov. G., to stop, stammer.] To stammer; to speak unintelligibly; to prevaricate. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.

Haft

Haft (?), n. [AS. h\'91ft; akin to D. & G. heft, Icel. hepti, and to E. Heave, or have. Cf. Heft.]

1. A handle; that part of an instrument or vessel taken into the hand, and by which it is held and used; -- said chiefly of a knife, sword, or dagger; the hilt.

This brandish'dagger I'll bury to the haft in her fair breast. Dryden.

2. A dwelling. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Haft

Haft, v. t. To set in, or furnish with, a haft; as, to haft a dagger.

Hafter

Haft"er (?), n. [haften to cling or stick to, and E. haffle.] A caviler; a wrangler. [Obs.] Baret.

Hag

Hag (?), n. [OE. hagge, hegge, with, hag, AS. h\'91gtesse; akin to OHG. hagazussa, G. hexe, D. heks, Dan. hex, Sw. h\'84xa. The first part of the word is prob. the same as E. haw, hedge, and the orig. meaning was perh., wood woman, wild woman.

1. A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; also, a wizard. [Obs.] "[Silenus] that old hag." Golding.

2. An ugly old woman.

3. A fury; a she-monster. Grashaw.

4. (Zo\'94l.) An eel-like marine marsipobranch (Myxine glutinosa), allied to the lamprey. It has a suctorial mouth, with labial appendages, and a single pair of gill openings. It is the type of the order Hyperotpeta. Called also hagfish, borer, slime eel, sucker, and sleepmarken.

5. (Zo\'94l.) The hagdon or shearwater.

6. An appearance of light and fire on a horse's mane or a man's hair. Blount. Hag moth (Zo\'94l.), a moth (Phobetron pithecium), the larva of which has curious side appendages, and feeds on fruit trees. -- Hag's tooth (Naut.), an ugly irregularity in the pattern of matting or pointing.

Hag

Hag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hagging.] To harass; to weary with vexation.
How are superstitious men hagged out of their wits with the fancy of omens. L'Estrange.

Hag

Hag, n. [Scot. hag to cut; cf. E. hack.]

1. A small wood, or part of a wood or copse, which is marked off or inclosed for felling, or which has been felled.

This said, he led me over hoults and hags; Through thorns and bushes scant my legs I drew. Fairfax.

2. A quagmire; mossy ground where peat or turf has been cut. Dugdale.

Hagberry

Hag"ber"ry (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Prunus (P. Padus); the bird cherry. [Scot.]

Hagborn

Hag"born`, a. Born of a hag or witch. Shak.

Hagbut

Hag"but (?), n. [OF. haquebute, prob. a corruption of D. haakbus; haak hook + bus gun barrel. See Hook, and 2d Box, and cf. Arquebus.] A harquebus, of which the but was bent down or hooked for convenience in taking aim. [Written also haguebut and hackbuss.]

Hagbutter

Hag"but*ter (?), n. A soldier armed with a hagbut or arquebus. [Written also hackbutter.] Froude.

Hagdon

Hag"don (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of sea birds of the genus Puffinus; esp., P. major, the greater shearwarter, and P. Stricklandi, the black hagdon or sooty shearwater; -- called also hagdown, haglin, and hag. See Shearwater.

Haggada

Hag*ga"da (?), n.; pl. Haggadoth (#). [Rabbinic hagg\'bedh\'be, fr. Heb. higg\'c6dh to relate.] A story, anecdote, or legend in the Talmud, to explain or illustrate the text of the Old Testament. [Written also hadaga.]

Haggard

Hag"gard (?), a. [F. hagard; of German origin, and prop. meaning, of the hegde or woods, wild, untamed. See Hedge, 1st Haw, and -ard.]

1. Wild or intractable; disposed to break away from duty; untamed; as, a haggard or refractory hawk. [Obs.] Shak

2. [For hagged, fr. hag a witch, influenced by haggard wild.] Having the expression of one wasted by want or suffering; hollow-eyed; having the features distorted or wasted, or anxious in appearance; as, haggard features, eyes.

Staring his eyes, and haggard was his look. Dryden.

Haggard

Hag"gard, n. [See Haggard, a.]

1. (Falconry) A young or untrained hawk or falcon.

2. A fierce, intractable creature.

I have loved this proud disdainful haggard. Shak.

3. [See Haggard, a., 2.] A hag. [Obs.] Garth.

Haggard

Hag"gard, n. [See 1st Haw, Hedge, and Yard an inclosed space.] A stackyard. [Prov. Eng.] Swift.

Haggardly

Hag"gard*ly, adv. In a haggard manner. Dryden.

Hagged

Hag"ged (?), a. Like a hag; lean; ugly. [R.]

Haggis

Hag"gis (?), n. [Scot. hag to hack, chop, E. hack. Formed, perhaps, in imitation of the F. hachis (E. hash), fr. hacher.] A Scotch pudding made of the heart, liver, lights, etc., of a sheep or lamb, minced with suet, onions, oatmeal, etc., highly seasoned, and boiled in the stomach of the same animal; minced head and pluck. [Written also haggiss, haggess, and haggies.]

Haggish

Hag"gish (?), a. Like a hag; ugly; wrinkled.
But on both did haggish age steal on. Shak.

Haggishly

Hag"gish*ly, adv. In the manner of a hag.

Haggle

Hag"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Haggling (?).] [Freq. of Scot. hag, E. hack. See Hack to cut.] To cut roughly or hack; to cut into small pieces; to notch or cut in an unskillful manner; to make rough or mangle by cutting; as, a boy haggles a stick of wood.
Suffolk first died, and York, all haggled o'er, Comes to him, where in gore he lay insteeped. Shak.

Haggle

Hag"gle, v. i. To be difficult in bargaining; to stick at small matters; to chaffer; to higgle.
Royalty and science never haggled about the value of blood. Walpole.

Haggle

Hag"gle, n. The act or process of haggling. Carlyle.

Haggler

Hag"gler (?), n.

1. One who haggles or is difficult in bargaining.

2. One who forestalls a market; a middleman between producer and dealer in London vegetable markets.

Hagiarchy

Ha"gi*ar`chy (?), n. [Gr. -archy.] A sacred government; by holy orders of men. Southey.

Hagiocracy

Ha`gi*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. Government by a priesthood; hierarchy.

Hagiographa

Ha`gi*og"ra*pha (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr.

1. The last of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament, or that portion not contained in the Law and the Prophets. It comprises Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Canticles, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles.

2. (R. C. Ch.) The lives of the saints. Brande & C.

Hagiographal

Ha`gi*og"ra*phal (?), Pertaining to the hagiographa, or to sacred writings.

Hagiographer

Ha`gi*og"ra*pher (?), n. One of the writers of the hagiographa; a writer of lives of the saints. Shipley.

Hagiography

Ha`gi*og"ra*phy (?, 277), n. Same Hagiographa.

Hagiolatry

Ha`gi*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The invocation or worship of saints.

Hagiologist

Ha`gi*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who treats of the sacred writings; a writer of the lives of the saints; a hagiographer. Tylor.
Hagiologists have related it without scruple. Southey.

Hagiology

Ha`gi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The history or description of the sacred writings or of sacred persons; a narrative of the lives of the saints; a catalogue of saints. J. H. Newman.

Hagioscope

Ha"gi*o*scope` (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An opening made in the interior walls of a cruciform church to afford a view of the altar to those in the transepts; -- called, in architecture, a squint. Hook.

Hag-ridden

Hag"-rid`den (?), a. Ridden by a hag or witch; hence, afflicted with nightmare. Beattie. Cheyne.
Page 664

Hagseed

Hag"seed` (?), n. The offspring of a hag. Shak.

Hagship

Hag"ship, n. The state or title of a hag. Middleton.

Hag-taper

Hag"-ta`per (?), n. [Cf. 1st Hag, and Hig-taper.] (Bot.) The great woolly mullein (Verbascum Thapsus).

Haguebut

Hague"but (?), n. See Hagbut.

Hah Hah , interj. Same as Ha.

Ha-ha

Ha-ha" (?), n. [See Haw-haw.] A sunk fence; a fence, wall, or ditch, not visible till one is close upon it. [Written also haw-haw.]

Haidingerite

Hai"ding*er*ite (?), n. (Min.) A mineral consisting of the arseniate of lime; -- so named in honor of W. Haidinger, of Vienna.

Haiduck

Hai"duck (?), n. [G. haiduck, heiduck, fr. Hung. hajdu.] Formerly, a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary, now, a halberdier of a Hungarian noble, or an attendant in German or Hungarian courts. [Written also hayduck, heiduc, heiduck, and heyduk.]

Haik

Haik (?), n. [Ar. h\'beik, fr. h\'beka to weave.] A large piece of woolen or cotton cloth worn by Arabs as an outer garment. [Written also hyke.] Heyse.

Haikal

Hai"kal (?), n. The central chapel of the three forming the sanctuary of a Coptic church. It contains the high altar, and is usually closed by an embroidered curtain.

Hail

Hail (?), n. [OE. hail, ha, AS. h\'91gel; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. hagel; Icel. hagl; cf. Gr. Small roundish masses of ice precipitated from the clouds, where they are formed by the congelation of vapor. The separate masses or grains are called hailstones.
Thunder mixed with hail, Hail mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptian sky. Milton.

Hail

Hail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Halled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Halting.] [OE. hailen, AS. haqalian.] To pour down particles of ice, or frozen vapors.

Hail

Hail, v. t. To pour forcibly down, as hail. Shak.

Hail

Hail, a. Healthy. See Hale (the preferable spelling).

Hail

Hail, v. t. [OE. hailen, heilen, Icel. heil hale, sound, used in greeting. See Hale sound.]

1. To call loudly to, or after; to accost; to salute; to address.

2. To name; to designate; to call.

And such a son as all men hailed me happy. Milton.

Hail

Hail, v. i.

1. To declare, by hailing, the port from which a vessel sails or where she is registered; hence, to sail; to come; -- used with from; as, the steamer hails from New York.

2. To report as one's home or the place from whence one comes; to come; -- with from. [Colloq.] G. G. Halpine.

Hail

Hail, interj. [See Hail, v. t.] An exclamation of respectful or reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar greeting. "Hail, brave friend." Shak. All hail. See in the Vocabulary. -- Hail Mary, a form of prayer made use of in the Roman Catholic Church in invocation of the Virgin. See Ave Maria.

Hail

Hail, n. A wish of health; a salutation; a loud call. "Their puissant hail." M. Arnold.
The angel hail bestowed. Milton.

Hail-fellow

Hail"-fel`low (?), n. An intimate companion.
Hail-fellow well met. Lyly.

Hailse

Hailse (?), v. t. [OE. hailsen, Icel. heilsa. Cf. Hall to call to.] To greet; to salute. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

Hailshot

Hail"shot` (?), n. pl. Small shot which scatter like hailstones. [Obs.] Hayward.

Hailstone

Hail"stone` (?), n. A single particle of ice falling from a cloud; a frozen raindrop; a pellet of hail.

Hailstorm

Hail"storm` (?), n. A storm accompanied with hail; a shower of hail.

Haily

Hai"ly (?), a. Of hail. "Haily showers." Pope.

Han

Han (?), v. t. [Cf. Sw. h\'84gn hedge, inclosure, Dan. hegn hedge, fence. See Hedge.] To inclose for mowing; to set aside for grass. "A ground . . . hained in." Holland.

Hain't

Hain't (?). A contraction of have not or has not; as, I hain't, he hain't, we hain't. [Colloq. or illiterate speech.] [Written also han't.]<-- now ain't -->

Hair

Hair (?), n. [OE. her, heer, h\'91r, AS. h&aemac;r; akin to OFries, h&emac;r, D. & G. haar, OHG. & Icel. h&amac;r, Dan. haar, Sw. h\'86r; cf. Lith. kasa.]

1. The collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.

2. One the above-mentioned filaments, consisting, in invertebrate animals, of a long, tubular part which is free and flexible, and a bulbous root imbedded in the skin.

Then read he me how Sampson lost his hairs. Chaucer.
And draweth new delights with hoary hairs. Spenser.

3. Hair (human or animal) used for various purposes; as, hair for stuffing cushions.

4. (Zo\'94l.) A slender outgrowth from the chitinous cuticle of insects, spiders, crustaceans, and other invertebrates. Such hairs are totally unlike those of vertebrates in structure, composition, and mode of growth.

5. An outgrowth of the epidermis, consisting of one or of several cells, whether pointed, hooked, knobbed, or stellated. Internal hairs occur in the flower stalk of the yellow frog lily (Nuphar).

6. A spring device used in a hair-trigger firearm.

7. A haircloth. [Obc.] Chaucer.

8. Any very small distance, or degree; a hairbreadth. &hand; Hairs is often used adjectively or in combination; as, hairbrush or hair brush, hair dye, hair oil, hairpin, hair powder, a brush, a dye, etc., for the hair. Against the hair, in a rough and disagreeable manner; against the grain. [Obs.] "You go against the hair of your professions." Shak. -- Hair bracket (Ship Carp.), a molding which comes in at the back of, or runs aft from, the figurehead. -- Hair cells (Anat.), cells with hairlike processes in the sensory epithelium of certain parts of the internal ear. -- Hair compass, Hair divider, a compass or divider capable of delicate adjustment by means of a screw. -- Hair glove, a glove of horsehair for rubbing the skin. -- Hair lace, a netted fillet for tying up the hair of the head. Swift. -- Hair line, a line made of hair; a very slender line. -- Hair moth (Zo\'94l.), any moth which destroys goods made of hair, esp. Tinea biselliella. -- Hair pencil, a brush or fine hair, for painting; -- generally called by the name of the hair used; as, a camel's hair pencil, a sable's hair pencil, etc. -- Hair plate, an iron plate forming the back of the hearth of a bloomery fire. -- Hair powder, a white perfumed powder, as of flour or starch, formerly much used for sprinkling on the hair of the head, or on wigs. -- Hair seal (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of eared seals which do not produce fur; a sea lion. -- Hair seating, haircloth for seats of chairs, etc. -- Hair shirt, a shirt, or a band for the loins, made of horsehair, and worn as a penance. -- Hair sieve, a strainer with a haircloth bottom. -- Hair snake. See Gordius. -- Hair space (Printing), the thinnest metal space used in lines of type. -- Hair stroke, a delicate stroke in writing. -- Hair trigger, a trigger so constructed as to discharge a firearm by a very slight pressure, as by the touch of a hair. Farrow. -- Not worth a hair, of no value. -- To a hair, with the nicest distinction. -- To split hairs, to make distinctions of useless nicety.

Hairbell

Hair"bell` (?), n. (Bot.) See Harebell.

Hairbird

Hair"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chipping sparrow.

Hairbrained

Hair"brained` (?), a. See Harebrained.

Hairbreadth, Hair'sbreadth

Hair"breadth` (?), Hair's"breadth` (
. The diameter or breadth of a hair; a very small distance; sometimes, definitely, the forty-eighth part of an inch.
Every one could sling stones at an hairbreadth and not miss. Judg. xx. 16

Hairbreadth

Hair"breadth`, a. Having the breadth of a hair; very narrow; as, a hairbreadth escape.

Hair-brown

Hair"-brown` (?), a. Of a clear tint of brown, resembling brown human hair. It is composed of equal proportions of red and green.

Hairbrush

Hair"brush` (?), n. A brush for cleansing and smoothing the hair.

Haircloth

Hair"cloth`, n. Stuff or cloth made wholly or in part of hair.

Hairdresser

Hair"dress`er (?), n. One who dresses or cuts hair; a barber.

Haired

Haired (?), a.

1. Having hair. "A beast haired like a bear." Purchas.

2. In composition: Having (such) hair; as, red-haired.

Hairen

Hai"ren (?), a. [AS. h.] Hairy. [Obc.]
His hairen shirt and his ascetic diet. J. Taylor.

Hair grass

Hair" grass` (?). (Bot.) A grass with very slender leaves or branches; as the Agrostis scabra, and several species of Aira or Deschampsia.

Hairiness

Hair"i*ness (?), n. The state of abounding, or being covered, with hair. Johnson.

Hairless

Hair"less, a. Destitute of hair. Shak.

Hairpin

Hair"pin` (, n. A pin, usually forked, or of bent wire, for fastening the hair in place, -- used by women.

Hair-salt

Hair"-salt` (?), n. [A translation of G. haarsalz.] (Min.) A variety of native Epsom salt occurring in silky fibers.

Hairsplitter

Hair"split`ter (?), n. One who makes excessively nice or needless distinctions in reasoning; one who quibbles. "The caviling hairsplitter." De Quincey.

Hairsplitting

Hair"split`ting (?), a. Making excessively nice or trivial distinctions in reasoning; subtle. -- n. The act or practice of making trivial distinctions.
The ancient hairsplitting technicalities of special pleading. Charles Sumner.

Hairspring

Hair"spring` (?), n. (Horology) The slender recoil spring which regulates the motion of the balance in a timepiece.

Hairstreak

Hair"streak` (?), n. A butterfly of the genus Thecla; as, the green hairstreak (T. rubi).

Hairtail

Hair"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of marine fishes of the genus Trichiurus; esp., T. lepterus of Europe and America. They are long and like a band, with a slender, pointed tail. Called also bladefish.

Hairworm

Hair"worm` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A nematoid worm of the genus Gordius, resembling a hair. See Gordius.

Hairy

Hair"y (?), a. Bearing or covered with hair; made of or resembling hair; rough with hair; rough with hair; rough with hair; hirsute.
His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge. Milton.

Haitian

Hai"ti*an (?), a. & n. See Haytian.<-- Now the preferred spelling. -->

Haye

Ha"ye (?), n. [Ar. hayya snake.] (Zo\'94l.) The Egyptian asp or cobra (Naja haje.) It is related to the cobra of India, and like the latter has the power of inflating its neck into a hood. Its bite is very venomous. It is supposed to be the snake by means of whose bite Cleopatra committed suicide, and hence is sometimes called Cleopatra's snake or asp. See Asp.

Hake

Hake (?), n. [See Hatch a half door.] A drying shed, as for unburned tile.

Hake

Hake, n. [Also haak.] [Akin to Norweg. hakefisk, lit., hook fish, Prov. E. hake hook, G. hecht pike. See Hook.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera Phycis, Merlucius, and allies. The common European hake is M. vulgaris; the American silver hake or whiting is M. bilinearis. Two American species (Phycis chuss and P. tenius) are important food fishes, and are also valued for their oil and sounds. Called also squirrel hake, and codling.

Hake

Hake (?), v. t. To loiter; to sneak. [Prov. Eng.]

Hake's-dame

Hake's"-dame` (?), n. See Forkbeard.

Haketon

Hak"e*ton (?), n. Same as Acton. [Obs.]

Hakim

Ha*kim" (?), n. [Ar. hak\'c6m.] A wise man; a physician, esp. a Mohammedan. [India]

Hakim

Ha"kim (?), n. [Ar. h\'bekim.] A Mohammedan title for a ruler; a judge. [India]

Halacha

Ha*la"cha (?), n.; pl. Halachoth([Heb. hal\'bech\'beh.] The general term for the Hebrew oral or traditional law; one of two branches of exposition in the Midrash. See Midrash.

Ha-lation

Ha-la"tion (?), n. (Photog.) An appearance as of a halo of light, surround the edges of dark object

Halberd

Hal"berd (?; 277), n. [F. hallebarde; of German origin; cf. MHG. helmbarte, G. hellebarte; prob. orig., an ax to split a helmet, fr. G. barte a broad ax (orig. from the same source as E. beard; cf. Icel. bar, a kind of ax, skegg beard, skeggia a kind of halberd) + helm helmet; but cf. also MNG. helm, halm, handle, and E. helve. See Beard, Helmet.] (Mil.) An ancient long-handled weapon, of which the head had a point and several long, sharp edges, curved or straight, and sometimes additional points. The heads were sometimes of very elaborate form. [Written also halbert.]

Halberdier

Hal`berd*ier" (?), n. [F. hallebardier.] One who is armed with a halberd. Strype.

Halberd-shaped

Hal"berd-shaped` (?), a. Hastate.

Halcyon

Hal"cy*on (?), n. [L. halcyon, alcyon, Gr.halcyon.] (Zo\'94l.) A kingfisher. By modern ornithologists restricted to a genus including a limited number of species having omnivorous habits, as the sacred kingfisher (Halcyon sancta) of Australia.
Amidst our arms as quiet you shall be As halcyons brooding on a winter sea. Dryden.

Halcyon

Hal"cy*on, a.

1. Pertaining to, or resembling, the halcyon, which was anciently said to lay her eggs in nests on or near the sea during the calm weather about the winter solstice.

2. Hence: Calm; quiet; peaceful; undisturbed; happy. "Deep, halcyon repose." De Quincy.

Halcyonian

Hal`cy*o"ni*an (?), a. Halcyon; calm.

Halcyonold

Hal"cy*o*nold (?), a. & n. [Halcyon + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) See Alcyonoid.

Hale

Hale (?), a. [Written also heil, Icel. heill; akin to E. whole. See Whole.] Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not impaired; as, a hale body.
Last year we thought him strong and hale. Swift.

Hale

Hale, n. Welfare. [Obs.]
All heedless of his dearest hale. Spenser.

Hale

Hale (h&amac;l ∨ h&add;l; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haled (h\'beld ∨ h&add;ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Haling.] [OE. halen, halien; cf. AS. holian, to acquire, get. See Haul.] To pull; to drag; to haul. See Haul. Chaucer.
Easier both to freight, and to hale ashore. Milton.
As some dark priest hales the reluctant victim. Shelley.

Halesia

Ha*le"si*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of American shrubs containing several species, called snowdrop trees, or silver-bell trees. They have showy, white flowers, drooping on slender pedicels.

Half

Half (?), a. [AS. healf, half, half; as a noun, half, side, part; akin to OS., OFries., & D. half, G. halb, Sw. half, Dan. halv, Icel. h\'belfr, Goth. halbs. Cf. Halve, Behalf.]

1. Consisting of a moiety, or half; as, a half bushel; a half hour; a half dollar; a half view. &hand; The adjective and noun are often united to form a compound.

2. Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling a half; approximately a half, whether more or less; partial; imperfect; as, a half dream; half knowledge.

Assumed from thence a half consent. Tennyson.
Half ape (Zo\'94l.), a lemur. -- Half back. (Football) See under 2d Back. -- Half bent, the first notch, for the sear point to enter, in the tumbler of a gunlock; the halfcock notch. -- Half binding, a style of bookbinding in which only the back and corners are in leather. -- Half boarder, one who boards in part; specifically, a scholar at a boarding school who takes dinner only. -- Half-breadth plan (Shipbuilding), a horizontal plan of the half a vessel, divided lengthwise, showing the lines. -- Half cadence (Mus.), a cadence on the dominant. -- Half cap, a slight salute with the cap. [Obs.] Shak. -- A half cock, the position of the cock of a gun when retained by the first notch.<-- half cocked: see below, halfcocked: = unprepared, lacking forethought; -- as in go off half cocked --> -- Half hitch, a sailor's knot in a rope; half of a clove hitch. -- Half hose, short stockings; socks. -- Half measure, an imperfect or weak line of action. -- Half note (Mus.), a minim, one half of a semibreve. -- Half pay, half of the wages or salary; reduced pay; as, an officer on half pay. -- Half price, half the ordinary price; or a price much reduced. -- Half round. (a) (Arch.) A molding of semicircular section. (b) (Mech.) Having one side flat and the other rounded; -- said of a file. -- Half shift (Mus.), a position of the hand, between the open position and the first shift, in playing on the violin and kindred instruments. See Shift. -- Half step (Mus.), a semitone; the smallest difference of pitch or interval, used in music. -- Half tide, the time or state of the tide equally distant from ebb and flood. -- Half time, half the ordinary time for work or attendance; as, the half-time system. -- Half tint (Fine Arts), a middle or intermediate tint, as in drawing or painting. See Demitint. -- Half truth, a statement only partially true, or which gives only a part of the truth. Mrs. Browning. -- Half year, the space of six moths; one term of a school when there are two terms in a year.
Page 665

Half

Half, adv. In an equal part or degree; in some paas, half-colored, half done, half-hearted, half persuaded, half conscious. "Half loth and half consenting." Dryden.
Their children spoke halfin the speech of Ashdod. Neh. xiii. 24

Half

Half (?), n.; pl. Halves (#). [AS. healf. See Half, a.]

1. Part; side; behalf. [Obs.] Wyclif.

The four halves of the house. Chaucer.

2. One of two equal parts into which anything may be divided, or considered as divided; -- sometimes followed by of; as, a half of an apple.

Not half his riches known, and yet despised. Milton.
A friendship so complete Portioned in halves between us. Tennyson.
Better half. See under Better. -- In half, in two; an expression sometimes used improperly instead of in ∨ into halves; as, to cut in half. [Colloq.] Dickens. -- In, ∨ On, one's half, in one's behalf; on one's part. [Obs.] -- To cry halves, to claim an equal share with another. -- To go halves, to share equally between two.

Half

Half, v. t. To halve. [Obs.] See Halve. Sir H. Wotton.

Half-and-half

Half`-and-half", n. A mixture of two malt liquors, esp. porter and ale, in about equal parts. Dickens.

Halfbeak

Half"beak` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any slender, marine fish of the genus Hemirhamphus, having the upper jaw much shorter than the lower; -- called also balahoo.

Half blood

Half" blood` (?).

1. The relation between persons born of the same father or of the same mother, but not of both; as, a brother or sister of the half blood. See Blood, n., 2 and 4.

2. A person so related to another.

3. A person whose father and mother are of different races; a half-breed. &hand; In the 2d and 3d senses usually with a hyphen.

Half-blooded

Half"-blood`ed, a.

1. Proceeding from a male and female of different breeds or races; having only one parent of good stock; as, a half-blooded sheep.

2. Degenerate; mean.

Half-boot

Half"-boot` (?), n. A boot with a short top covering only the ankle. See Cocker, and Congress boot, under Congress.

Half-bound

Half"-bound` (?), n. Having only the back and corners in leather, as a book.

Half-bred

Half"-bred` (?), a.

1. Half-blooded. [Obs.]

2. Imperfectly acquainted with the rules of good-breeding; not well trained. Atterbury.

Half-breed

Half"-breed` (?), a. Half-blooded.

Half-breed

Half"-breed`, n. A person who is blooded; the offspring of parents of different races, especially of the American Indian and the white race.

Half-brother

Half"-broth`er (?), n. A brother by one parent, but not by both.

Half-caste

Half"-caste` (?), n. One born of a European parent on the one side, and of a Hindoo or Mohammedan on the other. Also adjective; as, half-caste parents.

Half-clammed

Half"-clammed` (?), a. Half-filled. [Obs.]
Lions' half-clammed entrails roar food. Marston.

Halfcock

Half"cock` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Halfcocked(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Halfcocking.] To set the cock of (a firearm) at the first notch. To go off halfcocked. (a) To be discharged prematurely, or with the trigger at half cock; -- said of a firearm. (b) To do or say something without due thought or care. [Colloq. or Low] <-- now written half-cocked -->

Half-cracked

Half"-cracked` (?), a. Half-demented; half-witted. [Colloq.]

Half-deck

Half"-deck` (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A shell of the genus Crepidula; a boat shell. See Boat shell.

2. See Half deck, under Deck.

Half-decked

Half"-decked` (?), a. Partially decked.
The half-decked craft . . . used by the latter Vikings. Elton.

Halfen

Half"en (?), a. [From Half.] Wanting half its due qualities. [Obs.] Spencer.

Halfendeal

Half"en*deal` (?), adv. [OE. halfendele. See Half, and Deal.] Half; by the part. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- n. A half part. [Obs.] R. of Brunne.

Halfer

Half"er (?), n.

1. One who possesses or gives half only; one who shares. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.

2. A male fallow deer gelded. Pegge (1814).

Half-faced

Half"-faced` (?), a. Showing only part of the face; wretched looking; meager. Shak.

Half-fish

Half"-fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A salmon in its fifth year of growth. [Prov. Eng.]

Half-hatched

Half"-hatched` (?), a. Imperfectly hatched; as, half-hatched eggs. Gay.

Half-heard

Half"-heard` (?), a. Imperfectly or partly heard to the end.
And leave half-heard the melancholy tale. Pope.

Half-hearted

Half"-heart`ed (?), a.

1. Wanting in heart or spirit; ungenerous; unkind. B. Jonson.

2. Lacking zeal or courage; lukewarm. <-- (of actions) not performed with full effort --> H. James.

The verdict of the judges was biased by nothing else than habitudes of thinking. Landor.

Half-hourly

Half"-hour`ly (?), a. Done or happening at intervals of half an hour.

Half-learned

Half"-learned` (?), a. Imperfectly learned.

Half-length

Half"-length` (?), a. Of half the whole or ordinary length, as a picture.

Half-mast

Half"-mast` (?), n. A point some distance below the top of a mast or staff; as, a flag a half-mast (a token of mourning, etc.).

Half-moon

Half"-moon`, n.

1. The moon at the quarters, when half its disk appears illuminated.

2. The shape of a half-moon; a crescent.

See how in warlike muster they appear, In rhombs, and wedges, and half-moons, and wings. Milton.

3. (Fort.) An outwork composed of two faces, forming a salient angle whose gorge resembles a half-moon; -- now called a ravelin.

4. (Zo\'94l.) A marine, sparoid, food fish of California (C\'91siosoma Californiense). The body is ovate, blackish above, blue or gray below. Called also medialuna.

Halfness

Half"ness (?), n. The quality of being half; incompleteness. [R.]
As soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt at halfness, or good for me that is not good for him, my neighbor feels the wrong. Emerson.

Halfpace

Half"pace` (?), n. (Arch.) A platform of a staircase where the stair turns back in exactly the reverse direction of the lower flight. See Quarterpace. &hand; This term and quartepace are rare or unknown in the United States, platform or landing being used instead.

Half-pike

Half"-pike` (?), n. (Mil.) A short pike, sometimes carried by officers of infantry, sometimes used in boarding ships; a spontoon. Tatler.

Half-port

Half"-port` (?), n. (Naut.) One half of a shutter made in two parts for closing a porthole.

Half-ray

Half"-ray` (?), n. (Geom.) A straight line considered as drawn from a center to an indefinite distance in one direction, the complete ray being the whole line drawn to an indefinite distance in both directions.

Half-read

Half"-read` (?), a. Informed by insufficient reading; superficial; shallow. Dryden.

Half seas over

Half" seas` o`ver (?). Half drunk. [Slang: used only predicatively.] Spectator.

Half-sighted

Half"-sight`ed (?), a. Seeing imperfectly; having weak discernment. Bacon.

Half-sister

Half"-sis`ter (?), n. A sister by one parent only.

Half-strained

Half"-strained` (?), a. Half-bred; imperfect. [R.] "A half-strained villain." Dryden.

Half-sword

Half"-sword` (?), n. Half the length of a sword; close fight. "At half-sword." Shak.

Half-timbered

Half"-tim`bered (?), a. (Arch.) Constructed of a timber frame, having the spaces filled in with masonry; -- said of buildings.

Half-tounue

Half"-tounue` (?), n. (O. Law) A jury, for the trial of a fore foreigner, composed equally of citizens and aliens.

Halfway

Half"way` (?), adv. In the middle; at half the distance; imperfectly; partially; as, he halfway yielded.
Temples proud to meet their gods halfway. Young.

Halfway

Half"way`, a. Equally distant from the extremes; situated at an intermediate point; midway. Halfway covenant, a practice among the Congregational churches of New England, between 1657 and 1662, of permitting baptized persons of moral life and orthodox faith to enjoy all the privileges of church membership, save the partaking of the Lord's Supper. They were also allowed to present their children for baptism. -- Halfway house, an inn or place of call midway on a journey.

Half-wit

Half"-wit` (?), n. A foolish; a dolt; a blockhead; a dunce. Dryden.

Half-witted

Half"-wit`ted (?), a. Weak in intellect; silly.

Half-yearly

Half"-year`ly (?), a. Two in a year; semiannual. -- adv. Twice in a year; semiannually.

Halibut

Hal"i*but (?;277), n. [OE. hali holy + but, butte, flounder; akin to D. bot, G. butte; cf. D. heilbot, G. heilbutt. So named as being eaten on holidays. See Holy, Holiday.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, northern, marine flatfish (Hippoglossus vulgaris), of the family Pleuronectid\'91. It often grows very large, weighing more than three hundred pounds. It is an important food fish. [Written also holibut.]

Halichondri\'91

Hal`i*chon"dri*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of sponges, having simple siliceous spicules and keratose fibers; -- called also Keratosilicoidea.

Halicore

Hal"i*core (?; L.?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Same as Dugong.

Halidom

Hal"i*dom (?), n. [AS. h\'beligd holiness, sacrament, sanctuary, relics; h\'belig holy + -d, E. -dom. See Holy.]

1. Holiness; sanctity; sacred oath; sacred things; sanctuary; -- used chiefly in oaths. [Archaic]

So God me help and halidom. Piers Plowman.
By my halidom, I was fast asleep. Shak.

2. Holy doom; the Last Day. [R.] Shipley.

Handy

Hand"y (?), a. [Compar. Handier (?); superl. Handiest.] [OE. hendi, AS. hendig (in comp.), fr. hand hand; akin to D. handig, Goth. handugs clever, wise.]

1. Performed by the hand. [Obs.]

To draw up and come to handy strokes. Milton.

2. Skillful in using the hand; dexterous; ready; adroit. "Each is handy in his way." Dryden.

3. Ready to the hand; near; also, suited to the use of the hand; convenient; valuable for reference or use; as, my tools are handy; a handy volume.

4. (Naut.) Easily managed; obedient to the helm; -- said of a vessel.

Handyy-dandy

Handy"y-dan`dy (?), n. A child's play, one child guessing in which closed hand the other holds some small object, winning the object if right and forfeiting an equivalent if wrong; hence, forfeit. Piers Plowman.

Handyfight

Hand"y*fight` (?), n. A fight with the hands; boxing. "Pollux loves handyfights." B. Jonson.

Handygripe

Hand"y*gripe` (?), n. Seizure by, or grasp of, the hand; also, close quarters in fighting. Hudibras.

Handystroke

Hand"y*stroke` (?), n. A blow with the hand.

Hand-work

Hand"-work` (?), n. See Handiwork.

Hang

Hang (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hanged (h?ngd)Hung (; p. pr. & vb. n. Hanging. The use of hanged is preferable to that of hung, when reference is had to death or execution by suspension, and it is also more common.] [OE. hangen, hangien, v. t. & i., AS. hangian, v. i., fr. h, v. t. (imp. heng, p. p. hongen); akin to OS. hang, v. i. D. hangen, v. t. & i., G. hangen, v. i, h\'84ngen, v. t, Isel hanga, v. i., Goth. h\'behan, v. t. (imp. ha\'a1hah), h\'behan, v. i. (imp. hahaida), and perh. to L. cunctari to delay. &root;37. ]

1. To suspend; to fasten to some elevated point without support from below; -- often used with up or out; as, to hang a coat on a hook; to hang up a sign; to hang out a banner.

2. To fasten in a manner which will allow of free motion upon the point or points of suspension; -- said of a pendulum, a swing, a door, gate, etc.

3. To fit properly, as at a proper angle (a part of an implement that is swung in using), as a scythe to its snath, or an ax to its helve. [U. S.]

4. To put to death by suspending by the neck; -- a form of capital punishment; as, to hang a murderer.

5. To cover, decorate, or furnish by hanging pictures trophies, drapery, and the like, or by covering with paper hangings; -- said of a wall, a room, etc.

Hung be the heavens with black. Shak.
And hung thy holy roofs with savage spoils. Dryden.

6. To paste, as paper hangings, on the walls of a room.

7. To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner or position instead of erect; to droop; as, he hung his head in shame.

Cowslips wan that hang the pensive head. Milton.
To hang down, to let fall below the proper position; to bend down; to decline; as, to hang down the head, or, elliptically, to hang the head. -- To hang fire (Mil.), to be slow in communicating fire through the vent to the charge; as, the gun hangs fire; hence, to hesitate, to hold back as if in suspense.

Hand

Hand, v. i.

1. To be suspended or fastened to some elevated point without support from below; to dangle; to float; to rest; to remain; to stay.

2. To be fastened in such a manner as to allow of free motion on the point or points of suspension.

3. To die or be put to death by suspension from the neck. [R.] "Sir Balaam hangs." Pope.

4. To hold for support; to depend; to cling; -- usually with on or upon; as, this question hangs on a single point. "Two infants hanging on her neck." Peacham.

5. To be, or be like, a suspended weight.

Life hangs upon me, and becomes a burden. Addison.

6. To hover; to impend; to appear threateningly; -- usually with over; as, evils hang over the country.

7. To lean or incline; to incline downward.

To decide which way hung the victory. Milton.
His neck obliquely o'er his shoulder hung. Pope.

8. To slope down; as, hanging grounds.

9. To be undetermined or uncertain; to be in suspense; to linger; to be delayed.

A noble stroke he lifted high, Which hung not, but so swift with tempest fell On the proud crest of Satan. Milton.
To hang around, to loiter idly about. -- To hang back, to hesitate; to falter; to be reluctant. "If any one among you hangs back." Jowett (Thucyd.). -- To hang by the eyelids. (a) To hang by a very slight hold or tenure. (b) To be in an unfinished condition; to be left incomplete. -- To hang in doubt, to be in suspense. -- To hang on (with the emphasis on the preposition), to keep hold; to hold fast; to stick; to be persistent, as a disease. -- To hang on the lips, words, etc., to be charmed by eloquence. -- To hang out. (a) To be hung out so as to be displayed; to project. (b) To be unyielding; as, the juryman hangs out against an agreement. [Colloq.]<-- =hold out?--> (c) to lounge around a particular place; as, teenageers tend to hang out at the mall these days--> -- To hang over. (a) To project at the top. (b) To impend over. -- To hang to, to cling. -- To hang together. (a) To remain united; to stand by one another. "We are all of a piece; we hang together." Dryden. (b) To be self-consistent; as, the story does not hang together. [Colloq.] -- To hang upon. (a) To regard with passionate affection. (b) (Mil.) To hover around; as, to hang upon the flanks of a retreating enemy.

Hang

Hang, n.

1. The manner in which one part or thing hangs upon, or is connected with, another; as, the hang of a scythe.

2. Connection; arrangement; plan; as, the hang of a discourse. [Colloq.]


Page 669

3. A sharp or steep declivity or slope. [Colloq.] To get the hang of, to learn the method or arrangement of; hence, to become accustomed to. [Colloq.]

Hangbird

Hang"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l) The Baltimore oriole (Icterus galbula); -- so called because its nest is suspended from the limb of a tree. See Baltimore oriole.

Hang-by

Hang"-by` (?), n.; pl. Hang-bies (. A dependent; a hanger-on; -- so called in contempt. B. Jonson.

Hagdog

Hag"dog` (?), n. A base, degraded person; a sneak; a gallows bird.

Hangdog

Hang"dog`, Low; sneaking; ashamed.
The poor colonel went out of the room with a hangdog look. Thackeray.

Hanger

Hang"er (?), n.

1. One who hangs, or causes to be hanged; a hangman.

2. That by which a thing is suspended. Especially: (a) A strap hung to the girdle, by which a dagger or sword is suspended. (b) (Mach.) A part that suspends a journal box in which shafting runs. See Illust. of Countershaft. (c) A bridle iron.<-- (d) clothes hanger -->

3. That which hangs or is suspended, as a sword worn at the side; especially, in the 18th century, a short, curved sword.

4. A steep, wooded declivity. [Eng.] Gilbert White.

Hanger-on

Hang"er-on` (?), n.; pl. Hangers-on (. One who hangs on, or sticks to, a person, place, or service; a dependent; one who adheres to others' society longer than he is wanted. Goldsmith.

Hanging

Hang"ing, a.

1. Requiring, deserving, or foreboding death by the halter. "What a hanging face!" Dryden.

2. Suspended from above; pendent; as, hanging shelves.

3. Adapted for sustaining a hanging object; as, the hanging post of a gate, the post which holds the hinges. Hanging compass, a compass suspended so that the card may be read from beneath. -- Hanging garden, a garden sustained at an artificial elevation by any means, as by the terraces at Babylon. -- Hanging indentation. See under Indentation. -- Hanging rail (Arch.), that rail of a door or casement to which hinges are attached. -- Hanging side (Mining), the overhanging side of an inclined or hading vein. -- Hanging sleeves. (a) Strips of the same stuff as the gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders. (b) Loose, flowing sleeves. -- Hanging stile. (Arch.) (a) That stile of a door to which hinges are secured. (b) That upright of a window frame to which casements are hinged, or in which the pulleys for sash windows are fastened. -- Hanging wall (Mining), the upper wall of inclined vein, or that which hangs over the miner's head when working in the vein.

Hanging

Hang"ing, n.

1. The act of suspending anything; the state of being suspended.

2. Death by suspension; execution by a halter.

3. That which is hung as lining or drapery for the walls of a room, as tapestry, paper, etc., or to cover or drape a door or window; -- used chiefly in the plural.

Nor purple hangings clothe the palace walls. Dryden.

Hangman

Hang"man (?), n.; pl. Hangmen( One who hangs another; esp., one who makes a business of hanging; a public executioner; -- sometimes used as a term of reproach, without reference to office. Shak.

Hangmanship

Hang"man*ship, n.. The office or character of a hangman.

Hangnail

Hang"nail` (?), n. [A corruption of agnail.] A small piece or silver of skin which hangs loose, near the root of finger nail. Holloway.

Hangnest

Hang"nest` (?), n.

1. A nest that hangs like a bag or pocket.

2. A bird which builds such a nest; a hangbird.

Hank

Hank (?), n. [Cf. Dan. hank handle, Sw. hank a band or tie, Icel. hanki hasp, clasp, h\'94nk, hangr, hank, coil, skein, G. henkel, henk, handle; ar prob. akin to E. hang. See Hang.]

1. A parcel consisting of two or more skeins of yarn or thread tied together.

2. A rope or withe for fastening a gate. [Prov. Eng.]

3. Hold; influence.

When the devil hath got such a hank over him. Bp. Sanderson.

4. (Naut.) A ring or eye of rope, wood, or iron, attached to the edge of a sail and running on a stay.

Hank

Hank, v. t.

1. [OE. hanken.] To fasten with a rope, as a gate. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

2. To form into hanks.

Hanker

Han"ker (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hankered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hankering.] [Prob. fr. hang; cf. D. hunkeren, hengelen.]

1. To long (for) with a keen appetite and uneasiness; to have a vehement desire; -- usually with for or after; as, to hanker after fruit; to hanker after the diversions of the town. Addison.

He was hankering to join his friend. J. A. Symonds.

2. To linger in expectation or with desire. Thackeray.

Hankeringly

Han"ker*ing*ly, adv. In a hankering manner.

Hankey-pankey

Han"key-pan"key (?), n. [Cf. Hocus-pocus.] Professional cant; the chatter of conjurers to divert attention from their tricks; hence, jugglery. [Colloq.]

Hanoverian

Han`o*ve"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hanover or its people, or to the House of Hanover in England.

Hanoverian

Han`o*ve"ri*an, n. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Hanover; one of the House of Hanover.

Han sa

Han" sa (?), n. See 2d Hanse.

Hansard

Han"sard (?), n. An official report of proceedings in the British Parliament; -- so called from the name of the publishers.

Hansard

Han"sard, n. A merchant of one of the Hanse towns. See the Note under 2d Hanse.

Hanse

Hanse (?), n. [Cf. F. anse handle, anse de panier surbased arch, flat arch, vault, and E. haunch hip.] (Arch.) That part of an elliptical or many-centered arch which has the shorter radius and immediately adjoins the impost.

Hanse

Hanse, n. [G. hanse, or F. hanse (from German), OHG. & Goth. hansa; akin to AS. h band, troop.] An association; a league or confederacy. Hanse towns (Hist.), certain commercial cities in Germany which associated themselves for the protection and enlarging of their commerce. The confederacy, called also Hansa and Hanseatic league, held its first diet in 1260, and was maintained for nearly four hundred years. At one time the league comprised eighty-five cities. Its remnants, L\'81beck, Hamburg, and Bremen, are free cities, and are still frequently called Hanse towns.

Hanseatic

Han`se*at"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the Hanse towns, or to their confederacy. Hanseatic league. See under 2d Hanse.

Hansel

Han"sel (?), n. & v. See Handsel.

Hanselines

Han"sel*ines (?), n. A sort of breeches. [Obs..] Chaucer.

Hansom, n., Hansom cab

Han"som (?), n., Han"som cab` (
. [From the name of the inventor.] A light, low, two-wheeled covered carriage with the driver's seat elevated behind, the reins being passed over the top.
He hailed a cruising hansom . . . " 'Tis the gondola of London," said Lothair. Beaconsfield.

Han't

Han't (?). A contraction of have not, or has not, used in illiterate speech. In the United States the commoner spelling is hain't.

Hanuman

Han"u*man (?), n. See Hoonoomaun.

Hap

Hap (?), v. t. [OE.happen.] To clothe; to wrap.
The surgeon happed her up carefully. Dr. J. Brown.

Hap

Hap, n. [Cf. Hap to clothe.] A cloak or plaid. [O. Eng. & Scot.]

Hap

Hap, n. [Icel. happ unexpected good luck. That which happens or comes suddenly or unexpectedly; also, the manner of occurrence or taking place; chance; fortune; accident; casual event; fate; luck; lot. Chaucer.
Whether art it was or heedless hap. Spenser.
Cursed be good haps, and cursed be they that build Their hopes on haps. Sir P. Sidney.
Loving goes by haps: Some Cupid kills with arrows, some with traps. Shak.

Hap

Hap, v. i. [OE. happen. See Hap chance, and cf. Happen.] To happen; to befall; to chance. Chaucer.
Sends word of all that haps in Tyre. Shak.

Hap'penny

Hap'"pen*ny (?), n. A half-penny.

Haphazard

Hap"haz`ard (?), n. [Hap + hazard.] Extra hazard; chance; accident; random.
We take our principles at haphazard, upon trust. Locke.

Hapless

Hap"less (?), a. Without hap or luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; as, hapless youth; hapless maid. Dryden.

Haplessly

Hap"less*ly, adv. In a hapless, unlucky manner.

Haplomi

Ha*plo"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of freshwater fishes, including the true pikes, cyprinodonts, and blindfishes.

Hallostemonous

Hal`lo*stem"o*nous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having but one series of stamens, and that equal in number to the proper number of petals; isostemonous.

Haply

Hap"ly (?), adv. By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.
Lest haply ye be found even to fight against God. Acts v. 39.

Happed

Happed (?), p. a. [From 1st Hap.] Wrapped; covered; cloaked. [Scot.]
All happed with flowers in the green wood were. Hogg.

Happen

Hap"pen (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Happened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Happening.] [OE. happenen, hapnen. See Hap to happen.]

1. To come by chance; to come without previous expectation; to fall out.

There shall no evil happen to the just. Prov. xii. 21.

2. To take place; to occur.

All these things which had happened. Luke xxiv. 14.
To happen on, to meet with; to fall or light upon. "I have happened on some other accounts." Graunt. -- To happen in, to make a casual call. [Colloq.]

Happily

Hap"pi*ly (?), adv. [From Happy.]

1. By chance; peradventure; haply. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. By good fortune; fortunately; luckily.

Preferred by conquest, happily o'erthrown. Waller.

3. In a happy manner or state; in happy circumstances; as, he lived happily with his wife.

4. With address or dexterity; gracefully; felicitously; in a manner to success; with success.

Formed by thy converse, happily to steer From grave to gay, from lively to severe. Pope.
Syn. -- Fortunately; luckily; successfully; prosperously; contentedly; dexterously; felicitously.

Happiness

Hap"pi*ness, n. [From Happy.]

1. Good luck; good fortune; prosperity.

All happiness bechance to thee in Milan! Shak.

2. An agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended enjoyment; the state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness.

3. Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace; -- used especially of language.

Some beauties yet no precepts can declare, For there's a happiness, as well as care. Pope.
Syn. -- Happiness, Felicity, Blessedness, Bliss. Happiness is generic, and is applied to almost every kind of enjoyment except that of the animal appetites; felicity is a more formal word, and is used more sparingly in the same general sense, but with elevated associations; blessedness is applied to the most refined enjoyment arising from the purest social, benevolent, and religious affections; bliss denotes still more exalted delight, and is applied more appropriately to the joy anticipated in heaven.
O happiness! our being's end and aim! Pope.
Others in virtue place felicity, But virtue joined with riches and long life; In corporal pleasures he, and careless ease. Milton.
His overthrow heaped happiness upon him; For then, and not till then, he felt himself, And found the blessedness of being little. Shak.

Happy

Hap"py (?), a. [Compar. Happier (?); superl. Happiest.] [From Hap chance.]

1. Favored by hap, luck, or fortune; lucky; fortunate; successful; prosperous; satisfying desire; as, a happy expedient; a happy effort; a happy venture; a happy omen.

Chymists have been more happy in finding experiments than the causes of them. Boyle.

2. Experiencing the effect of favorable fortune; having the feeling arising from the consciousness of well-being or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, as peace, tranquillity, comfort; contented; joyous; as, happy hours, happy thoughts.

Happy is that people, whose God is the Lord. Ps. cxliv. 15.
The learned is happy Nature to explore, The fool is happy that he knows no more. Pope.

3. Dexterous; ready; apt; felicitous.

One gentleman is happy at a reply, another excels in a in a rejoinder. Swift.
Happy family, a collection of animals of different and hostile propensities living peaceably together in one cage. Used ironically of conventional alliances of persons who are in fact mutually repugnant. -- Happy-go-lucky, trusting to hap or luck; improvident; easy-going. "Happy-go-lucky carelessness." W. Black.

Hapuku

Ha*pu"ku (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large and valuable food fish (Polyprion prognathus) of New Zealand. It sometimes weighs one hundred pounds or more.

Haquebut

Haque"but (?), n. See Hagbut.

Hara-kiri

Ha"ra-ki`ri (?), n. [Jap., stomach cutting.] Suicide, by slashing the abdomen, formerly practiced in Japan, and commanded by the government in the cases of disgraced officials; disembowelment; -- also written, but incorrectly, hari-kari. W. E. Griffis.

Harangue

Ha*rangue" (?), n. [F. harangue: cf. Sp. arenda, It. aringa; lit., a speech before a multitude or on the hustings, It. aringo arena, hustings, pulpit; all fr. OHG. hring ring, anything round, ring of people, G. ring. See Ring.] A speech addressed to a large public assembly; a popular oration; a loud address a multitude; in a bad sense, a noisy or pompous speech; declamation; ranting.
Gray-headed men and grave, with warriors mixed, Assemble, and harangues are heard. Milton.
Syn. -- Harangue, Speech, Oration. Speech is generic; an oration is an elaborate and rhetorical speech; an harangue is a vehement appeal to the passions, or a noisy, disputatious address. A general makes an harangue to his troops on the eve of a battle; a demagogue harangues the populace on the subject of their wrongs.

Harangue

Ha*rangue", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harangued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Haranguing.] [Cf. F. haranguer, It. aringare.] To make an harangue; to declaim.

Harangue

Ha*rangue", v. t. To address by an harangue.

Harangueful

Ha*rangue"ful (?), a. Full of harangue.

Haranguer

Ha*rang"uer (?), n. One who harangues, or is fond of haranguing; a declaimer.
With them join'd all th' harangues of the throng, That thought to get preferment by the tongue. Dryden.

Harass

Har"ass (h&acr;r"as), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harassing.] [F. harasser; cf. OF. harace a basket made of cords, harace, harasse,a very heavy and large shield; or harer to set (a dog) on.] To fatigue; to tire with repeated and exhausting efforts; esp., to weary by importunity, teasing, or fretting; to cause to endure excessive burdens or anxieties; -- sometimes followed by out.
[Troops] harassed with a long and wearisome march. Bacon.
Nature oppressed and harass'd out with care. Addison.
Vext with lawyers and harass'd with debt. Tennyson.
Syn. -- To weary; jade; tire; perplex; distress; tease; worry; disquiet; chafe; gall; annoy; irritate; plague; vex; molest; trouble; disturb; torment.

Harass

Har"ass, n.

1. Devastation; waste. [Obs.] Milton.

2. Worry; harassment. [R.] Byron.

Harasser

Har"ass*er (?), n. One who harasses.

Harassment

Har"ass*ment (?), n. The act of harassing, or state of being harassed; worry; annoyance; anxiety.
Little harassments which I am led to suspect do occasionally molest the most fortunate. Ld. Lytton.

Harberous

Har"ber*ous (?), a. Harborous. [Obs.]
A bishop must be faultless, the husband of one wife, honestly appareled, harberous. Tyndale (1 Tim. iii. 2)

Harbinger

Har"bin*ger (?), n. [OE. herbergeour, OF. herbergeor one who provides lodging, fr. herbergier to provide lodging, F. h\'82berger, OF. herberge lodging, inn, F. auberge; of German origin. See Harbor.]

1. One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when traveling, to provide and prepare lodgings. Fuller.

2. A forerunner; a precursor; a messenger.

I knew by these harbingers who were coming. Landor.

Harbinger

Har"bin*ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harbingered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harbingering.] To usher in; to be a harbinger of. "Thus did the star of religious freedom harbinger the day." Bancroft.

Harbor

Har"bor (?), n. [Written also harbour.] [OE herbor, herberwe, herberge, Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a shelter for soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here army, G. heer, OHG. heri, Goth. harjis, and AS. beorgan to save, shelter, defend, G. bergen. See Harry, 2d Bury, and cf. Harbinger.]

1. A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter.

[A grove] fair harbour that them seems. Spenser.
For harbor at a thousand doors they knocked. Dryden.

2. Specif.: A lodging place; an inn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. (Astrol.) The mansion of a heavenly body. [Obs.]

4. A portion of a sea, a lake, or other large body of water, either landlocked or artificially protected so as to be a place of safety for vessels in stormy weather; a port or haven.


Page 670

5. (Glass Works) A mixing box materials. Harbor dues (Naut.), fees paid for the use of a harbor. -- Harbor seal (Zo\'94l.), the common seal. -- Harbor watch, a watch set when a vessel is in port; an anchor watch.

Harbor

Har"bor (?), v. t. [Written also harbour.] [imp. & p. p. Harbored (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Harboring.] [OE. herberen, herberwen, herbergen; cf. Icel. herbergja. See Harbor, n.] To afford lodging to; to enter as guest; to receive; to give a refuge to; indulge or cherish (a thought or feeling, esp. an ill thought).
Any place that harbors men. Shak.
The bare suspicion made it treason to harbor the person suspected. Bp. Burnet.
Let not your gentle breast harbor one thought of outrage. Rowe.

Harbor

Har"bor, v. i. To lodge, or abide for a time; to take shelter, as in a harbor.
For this night let's harbor here in York. Shak.

Harborage

Har"bor*age (?), n. Shelter; entertainment.[R.]
Where can I get me harborage for the night? Tennyson.

Harborer

Har"bor*er (?), n. One who, or that which, harbors.
Geneva was . . . a harborer of exiles for religion. Strype.

Harborless

Har"bor*less, a. Without a harbor; shelterless.

Harbor master

Har"bor mas`ter (?). An officer charged with the duty of executing the regulations respecting the use of a harbor.

Harborough, Harbrough

Har"bor*ough (?), Har"brough (?),[See Harbor.] A shelter. [Obs]. Spenser.

Harborous

Har"bor*ous (?), a. Hospitable. [Obs.]

Hard

Hard (?), a. [Compar. Harder (?); superl. Hardest.] [OE. heard, AS. heard; akin to OS. & D. heard, G. hart, OHG. harti, Icel. har, Dan. haard, Sw. h\'86rd, Goth. hardus, Gr.,, strength, and also to E. -ard, as in coward, drunkard, -crat, -cracy in autocrat, democracy; cf. Skr. kratu strength, to do, make. Gf.Hardy.]

1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to material bodies, and opposed to soft; as, hard wood; hard flesh; a hard apple.

2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended, decided, or resolved; as a hard problem.

The hard causes they brought unto Moses. Ex. xviii. 26.
In which are some things hard to be understood. 2 Peter iii. 16.

3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious; fatiguing; arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to cure.

4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful.

The stag was too hard for the horse. L'Estrange.
A power which will be always too hard for them. Addison.

5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive; distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a hard lot; hard times; hard fare; a hard winter; hard conditions or terms.

I never could drive a hard bargain. Burke.

6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding; obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard master; a hard heart; hard words; a hard character.

7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; stiff; rigid; ungraceful; repelling; as, a hard style.

Figures harder than even the marble itself. Dryden.

8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider.

9. (Pron.) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated, sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the organs from one position to another;- said of certain consonants, as c in came, and g in go, as distinguished from the same letters in center, general, etc.

10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a hard tone.

11. (Painting) (a) Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition. (b) Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the coloring or light and shade. Hard cancer, Hard case, etc. See under Cancer, Case, etc. -- Hard clam, ∨ Hard-shelled clam (Zo\'94l.), the guahog. -- Hard coal, anthracite, as distinguished from bituminous or soft coal. -- Hard and fast. (Naut.) See under Fast. -- Hard finish (Arch.), a smooth finishing coat of hard fine plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering. -- Hard lines, hardship; difficult conditions. -- Hard money, coin or specie, as distinguished from paper money. -- Hard oyster (Zo\'94l.), the northern native oyster. [Local, U. S.] -- Hard pan, the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil; hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental part or quality of anything; as, the hard pan of character, of a matter in dispute, etc. See Pan. -- Hard rubber. See under Rubber. -- Hard solder. See under Solder. -- Hard water, water, which contains lime or some mineral substance rendering it unfit for washing. See Hardness, 3.- Hard wood, wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak, ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar, hemlock, etc.- In hard condition, in excellent condition for racing; having firm muscles;-said of race horses. Syn. -- Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn; stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe; obdurate; rigid. See Solid, and Arduous.

Hard

Hard, adv. [OE. harde, AS. hearde.]

1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly.

And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince. Dryden.
My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself. Shak.

2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard.

3. Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly. Shak.

4. So as to raise difficulties. " The guestion is hard set". Sir T. Browne.

5. With tension or strain of the powers; violently; with force; tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously; energetically; as, to press, to blow, to rain hard; hence, rapidly; as, to run hard.

6. Close or near.

Whose house joined hard to the synagogue. Acts xviii.7.
Hard by, near by; close at hand; not far off. "Hard by a cottage chimney smokes." Milton. -- Hard pushed, Hard run, greatly pressed; as, he was hard pushed or hard run for time, money, etc. [Colloq.] -- Hard up, closely pressed by want or necessity; without money or resources; as, hard up for amusements. [Slang] &hand; Hard in nautical language is often joined to words of command to the helmsman, denoting that the order should be carried out with the utmost energy, or that the helm should be put, in the direction indicated, to the extreme limit, as, Hard aport! Hard astarboard! Hard alee! Hard aweather up! Hard is also often used in composition with a participle; as, hard-baked; hard-earned; hard-working; hard-won.

Hard

Hard (?), v. t. To harden; to make hard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hard

Hard, n. A ford or passage across a river or swamp.

Hardbake

Hard"bake` (?), n. A sweetmeat of boiled brown sugar or molasses made with almonds, and flavored with orange or lemon juice, etc. Thackeray.

Hardbeam

Hard"beam` (?), n. (Bot.) A tree of the genus Carpinus, of compact, horny texture; hornbeam.

Harden

Hard"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hardened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hardening (?).] [OE. hardnen, hardenen.]

1. To make hard or harder; to make firm or compact; to indurate; as, to harden clay or iron.

2. To accustom by labor or suffering to endure with constancy; to strengthen; to stiffen; to inure; also, to confirm in wickedness or shame; to make unimpressionable. "Harden not your heart." Ps. xcv. 8.

I would harden myself in sorrow. Job vi. 10.

Harden

Hard"en, v. i.

1. To become hard or harder; to acquire solidity, or more compactness; as, mortar hardens by drying.

The deliberate judgment of those who knew him [A. Lincoln] has hardened into tradition. The Century.

2. To become confirmed or strengthened, in either a good or a bad sense.

They, hardened more by what might most reclaim. Milton.

Hardened

Hard"ened (?), a. Made hard, or compact; made unfeeling or callous; made obstinate or obdurate; confirmed in error or vice. Syn. -- Impenetrable; hard; obdurate; callous; unfeeling; unsusceptible; insensible. See Obdurate.

Hardener

Hard"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, hardens; specif., one who tempers tools.

Hardening

Hard"en*ing, n.

1. Making hard or harder.

2. That which hardens, as a material used for converting the surface of iron into steel.

Harder

Har"der (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South African mullet, salted for food.

Harderian

Har*de"ri*an (?), a. (Anat.) A term applied to a lachrymal gland on the inner side of the orbit of many animals which have a third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under Nictitate.

Hard-favored

Hard"-fa`vored (?), a. Hard-featured; ill-looking; as, Vulcan was hard-favored. Dryden.

Hardfavoredness

Hard"fa`vored*ness, n. Coarseness of features.

Hard-featured

Hard"-fea`tured (?), a Having coarse, unattractive or stern features. Smollett.

Hardfern

Hard"fern` (?), n. (Bot.) A species of fern (Lomaria borealis), growing in Europe and Northwestern America.

Hard-fisted

Hard"-fist`ed (?), a.

1. Having hard or strong hands; as, a hard-fisted laborer.

2. Close-fisted; covetous; niggardly. Bp. Hall.

Hard-fought

Hard"-fought` (?), a. Vigorously contested; as, a hard-fought battle.

Hard grass

Hard" grass` (. (Bot.) A name given to several different grasses, especially to the Roltb\'94llia incurvata, and to the species of \'92gilops, from one of which it is contended that wheat has been derived.

Hardhack

Hard"hack` (, n. (Bot.) A very astringent shrub (Spir\'91a tomentosa), common in pastures. The Potentilla fruticosa in also called by this name.

Hard-handed

Hard"-hand`ed (?), a. Having hard hands, as a manual laborer.
Hard-handed men that work in Athens here. Shak.

Hardhead

Hard"head` (?), n.

1. Clash or collision of heads in contest. Dryden.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The menhaden. See Menhaden. [Local, U.S.] (b) Block's gurnard (Trigla gurnardus) of Europe. (c) A California salmon; the steelhead. (d) The gray whale. See Gray whale, under Gray. (e) A coarse American commercial sponge (Spongia dura).

Hard-headed

Hard"-head`ed, a. Having sound judgment; sagacious; shrewd. -- Hard"-head`ed*ness, n.

Hard-hearted

Hard"-heart`ed (?), a. Unsympathetic; inexorable; cruel; pitiless. -- Hard"-heart`ed*ness, n.

Harddihead

Hard"di*head (?), n. Hardihood. [Obs.]

Harddihood

Hard"di*hood (?), n. [Hardy + -hood.] Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of mind; bravery; intrepidity; also, audaciousness; impudence.
A bound of graceful hardihood. Wordsworth.
It is the society of numbers which gives hardihood to iniquity. Buckminster.
Syn. -- Intrepidity; courage; pluck; resolution; stoutness; audacity; effrontery; impudence.

Hardily

Har"di*ly, adv.

1. Same as Hardly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Boldly; stoutly; resolutely. Wyclif.

Hardiment

Har"di*ment (?), n. [OF. hardement. See Hardy.] Hardihood; boldness; courage; energetic action. [Obs.]
Changing hardiment with great Glendower. Shak.

Hardiness

Har"di*ness (?), n.

1. Capability of endurance.

2. Hardihood; boldness; firmness; assurance. Spenser.

Plenty and peace breeds cowards; Hardness ever Of hardiness is mother. Shak.
They who were not yet grown to the hardiness of avowing the contempt of the king. Clarendon.

3. Hardship; fatigue. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hardish

Hard"ish (?), a. Somewhat hard.

Hard-labored

Hard"-la`bored (?), a. Wrought with severe labor; elaborate; studied. Swift.

Hardly

Hard"ly (?), adv. [AS.heardlice. See Hand.]

1. In a hard or difficult manner; with difficulty.

Recovering hardly what he lost before. Dryden.

2. Unwillingly; grudgingly.

3. Scarcely; barely; not guite; not wholly.

Hardly shall you one so bad, but he desires the credit of being thought good. South.

4. Severely; harshly; roughly.

He has in many things been hardly used. Swift.

5. Confidently; hardily. [Obs.] Holland.

6. Certainly; surely; indeed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hard-mouthed

Hard"-mouthed` (?), a. Not sensible to the bit; not easily governed; as, a hard-mouthed horse.

Hardness

Hard"ness, n. [AS. heardness.]

1. The quality or state of being hard, literally or figuratively.

The habit of authority also had given his manners some peremptory hardness. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Min.) The cohesion of the particles on the surface of a body, determined by its capacity to scratch another, or be itself scratched;-measured among minerals on a scale of which diamond and talc form the extremes.

3. (Chem.) The peculiar quality exhibited by water which has mineral salts dissolved in it. Such water forms an insoluble compound with soap, and is hence unfit for washing purposes. &hand; This quality is caused by the presence of calcium carbonate, causing temporary hardness which can be removed by boiling, or by calcium sulphate, causing permanent hardness which can not be so removed, but may be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate.

Hardock

Har"dock (?), n. [Obs.] See Hordock.

Hardpan

Hard"pan` (?), n. The hard substratum. Same as Hard pan, under Hard, a.

Hards

Hards (?), n. pl. [OE. herdes, AS. heordan; akin to G. hede.] The refuse or coarse part of fiax; tow.

Hard-shell

Hard"-shell` (?), a. Unyielding; insensible to argument; uncompromising; strict. [Collog., U.S.]

Hardship

Hard"ship (?), n. That which is hard to hear, as toil, privation, injury, injustice, etc. Swift.

Hardspun

Hard"spun`, a. Firmly twisted in spinning.

Hard-tack

Hard"-tack` (?), n. A name given by soldiers and sailors to a kind of hard biscuit or sea bread.

Hardtail

Hard"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Jurel.

Hard-visaged

Hard"-vis`aged (?), a. Of a harsh or stern countenance; hard-featured. Burke.

Hardware

Hard"ware` (?), n. Ware made of metal, as cutlery, kitchen utensils, and the like; ironmongery.

Hardwareman

Hard"ware`man (?), n.; pl. Hardwaremen (. One who makes, or deals in, hardware.

Hardy

Har"dy (?), a. [Compar. Hardier (?); superl. Hardiest.] [F.hardi, p. p. fr. OF. hardir to make bold; of German origin, cf. OHG. hertan to harden, G. h\'84rten. See Hard, a.]

1. Bold; brave; stout; daring; resolu?e; intrepid.

Hap helpeth hardy man alway. Chaucer.

2. Confident; full of assurance; in a bad sense, morally hardened; shameless.

3. Strong; firm; compact.

[A] blast may shake in pieces his hardy fabric. South.

4. Inured to fatigue or hardships; strong; capable of endurance; as, a hardy veteran; a hardy mariner.

5. Able to withstand the cold of winter. &hand; Plants which are hardy in Virginia may perish in New England. Half-hardy plants are those which are able to withstand mild winters or moderate frosts.

Hardy

Har"dy, n. A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil, called the hardy hole.

Hare

Hare (?), v. t. [Cf. Harry, Harass.] To excite; to tease, or worry; to harry. [Obs.] Locke.

Hare

Hare, n. [AS. hara; akin to D. haas, G. hase, OHG. haso, Dan. \'91 Sw. hare, Icel. h, Skr. .

1. (Zo\'94l.) A rodent of the genus Lepus, having long hind legs, a short tail, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly by leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity. &hand; The species of hares are numerous. The common European hare is Lepustimidus. The northern or varying hare of America (L. Americanus), and the prairie hare (L. campestris), turn white in winter. In America, the various species of hares are commonly called rabbits.

2. (Astron.) A small constellation situated south of and under the foot of Orion; Lepus. Hare and hounds, a game played by men and boys, two, called hares, having a few minutes' start, and scattering bits of paper to indicate their course, being chased by the others, called the hounds, through a wide circuit. -- Hare kangaroo (Zo\'94l.)., a small Australian kangaroo (Lagorchestes Leporoides), resembling the hare in size and color, -- Hare's lettuce (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sonchus, or sow thistle; -- so called because hares are said to eat it when fainting with heat. Dr. Prior. -- Jumping hare. (Zo\'94l.) See under Jumping. -- Little chief hare, ∨ Crying hare. (Zo\'94l.) See Chief hare. -- Sea hare. (Zo\'94l.) See Aplysia.

Harebell

Hare"bell` (?), n. (Bot.) A small, slender, branching plant (Campanula rotundifolia), having blue bell-shaped flowers; also, Scilla nutans, which has similar flowers; -- called also bluebell. [Written also hairbell.]
E'en the light harebell raised its head. Sir W. Scott .

Page 671

Hare'brained'

Hare"'brained`' (?), a. Wild; giddy; volatile; heedless. "A mad hare-brained fellow." North (Plutarch). [Written also hairbrained.]

Harefoot

Hare"foot` (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A long, narrow foot, carried (that is, produced or extending) forward; -- said of dogs.

2. (Bot) A tree (Ochroma Laqopus) of the West Indies, having the stamens united somewhat in the form of a hare's foot. Harefoot clover (Bot.), a species of clover (Trifolium arvense) with soft and silky heads.

Hare-hearted

Hare"-heart`ed (?), a. Timorous; timid; easily frightened. Ainsworth.

Harehound

Hare"hound` (?), n. See Harrier. A. Chalmers.

Hareld

Har"eld (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The long-tailed duck. See Old Squaw.

Harelip

Hare"lip` (?), n. A lip, commonly the upper one, having a fissure of perpendicular division like that of a hare. -- Hare"lipped` (#), a.

Harem

Ha"rem (?), n.[Ar.haram, orig., anything forbidden of sacred, fr. harama to forbid, prohibit.] [Written also haram and hareem.]

1. The apartments or portion of the house allotted to females in Mohammedan families.

2. The family of wives and concubines belonging to one man, in Mohammedan countries; a seraglio.

Harengiform

Ha*ren"gi*form (?), a. [F. hareng herring (LL.harengus) + -form.] Herring-shaped.

Hare's-ear

Hare's"-ear` (?), n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum rotundifolium ); -- so named from the shape of its leaves. Dr. Prior.

Hare's-foot fern

Hare's"-foot` fern` (?). (Bot.) A species of fern (Davallia Canariensis) with a soft, gray, hairy rootstock; -- whence the name.

Hare's-tail

Hare's"-tail` (-t&amac;l`), n. (Bot.) A kind of grass (Eriophorum vaginatum). See Cotton grass, under Cotton. Hare's-tail grass (Bot.), a species of grass (Lagurus ovatus) whose head resembles a hare's tail.

Harfang

Har"fang (?), n. [See Hare, n., and Fang.] (Zo\'94l.) The snowy owl.

Hariali grass

Ha`ri*a"li grass` (?). (Bot.) The East Indian name of the Cynodon Dactylon; dog's-grass.

Haricot

Har"i*cot (?), n. [F.]

1. A ragout or stew of meat with beans and other vegetables.

2. The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common string bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), used as a vegetable. Other species of the same genus furnish different kinds of haricots.

Harier

Har"i*er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Harrier.

Harikari

Ha"ri*ka`ri (?), n. See Hara-kiri.

Harioiation

Har`i*o*ia"tion (?), n. [See Ariolation.] Prognostication; soothsaying. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Harish

Har"ish (?), a. Like a hare. [R.] Huloet.

Hark

Hark (?), v. i. [OE. herken. See Hearken.] To listen; to hearken. [Now rare, except in the imperative form used as an interjection, Hark! listen.] Hudibras. Hark away! Hark back! Hark forward! (Sporting), cries used to incite and guide hounds in hunting. -- To hark back, to go back for a fresh start, as when one has wandered from his direct course, or made a digression.
He must have overshot the mark, and must hark back. Haggard. He harked back to the subject. W. E. Norris.

Harken

Hark"en (?), v. t. & i. To hearken. Tennyson.

Harl

Harl (?), n. [Cf. OHG. harluf noose, rope; E. hards refuse of flax.]

1. A filamentous substance; especially, the filaments of flax or hemp.

2. A barb, or barbs, of a fine large feather, as of a peacock or ostrich, -- used in dressing artificial flies. [Written also herl.]

Harle

Harle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The red-breasted merganser.

Harlech group

Har"lech group` (?). [ So called from Harlech in Wales.] (Geol.) A minor subdivision at the base of the Cambrian system in Wales.

Harlequin

Har"le*quin (?), n. [F. arlequin,formerly written also harlequin (cf. It, arlecchino), prob. fr. OF. hierlekin, hellequin, goblin, elf, which is prob. of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. hel hell. Cf. Hell, Kin.] A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, often without speaking, to divert the bystanders or an audience; a merry-andrew; originally, a droll rogue of Italian comedy. Percy Smith.
As dumb harlequin is exhibited in our theaters. Johnson.
Harlequin bat (Zo\'94l.), an Indian bat (Scotophilus ornatus), curiously variegated with white spots. -- Harlequin beetle (Zo\'94l.), a very large South American beetle (Acrocinus longimanus) having very long legs and antenn\'91. The elytra are curiously marked with red, black, and gray. -- Harlequin cabbage bug. (Zo\'94l.) See Calicoback. -- Harlequin caterpillar. (Zo\'94l.), the larva of an American bombycid moth (Euch\'91tes egle) which is covered with black, white, yellow, and orange tufts of hair. -- Harlequin duck (Zo\'94l.), a North American duck (Histrionicus histrionicus). The male is dark ash, curiously streaked with white. -- Harlequin moth. (Zo\'94l.) See Magpie Moth. -- Harlequin opal. See Opal. -- Harlequin snake (Zo\'94l.), a small, poisonous snake (Elaps fulvius), ringed with red and black, found in the Southern United States.

Harlequin

Har"le*quin (?), n. i. To play the droll; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks.

Harlequin

Har"le*quin, v. t. Toremove or conjure away, as by a harlequin's trick.
And kitten,if the humor hit Has harlequined away the fit. M. Green.

Harlequinade

Har"le*quin*ade` (?), n. [F. arleguinade.] A play or part of play in which the harlequin is conspicuous; the part of a harlequin. Macaulay.

Harlock

Har"lock (?), n. Probably a corruption either of charlock or hardock. Drayton.

Harlot

Har"lot (?), n. [OE.harlot, herlot, a vagabond, OF. harlot, herlot, arlot; cf. Pr. arlot, Sp. arlote, It. arlotto; of uncertain origin.]

1. A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth. [Obs.]

He was a gentle harlot and a kind. Chaucer.

2. A person given to low conduct; a rogue; a cheat; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A woman who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a common woman; a strumpet.

Harlot

Har"lot, a. Wanton; lewd; low; base. Shak.

Harlot

Har"lot, v. i. To play the harlot; to practice lewdness. Milton.

Harlotize

Har"lot*ize (?), v. i. To harlot. [Obs.] Warner.

Harlotry

Har"lot*ry (?), n.

1. Ribaldry; buffoonery; a ribald story. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Chaucer.

2. The trade or practice of prostitution; habitual or customary lewdness. Dryden.

3. Anything meretricious; as, harlotry in art.

4. A harlot; a strumpet; a baggage. [Obs.]

He sups to-night with a harlotry. Shak.

Harm

Harm (?), n. [OE.harm, hearm, AS.hearm; akin to OS. harm, G. harm grief, Icel. harmr, Dan. harme, Sw. harm; cf. OSlav. & Russ. sram' shame, Skr. crama toil, fatigue.]

1. Injury; hurt; damage; detriment; misfortune.

2. That which causes injury, damage, or loss.

We, ignorant of ourselves, Beg often our own harms. Shak.
Syn. -- Mischief; evil; loss; injury. See Mischief.

Harm

Harm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harming.] [OE. harmen, AS. hearmian. See Harm, n.] To hurt; to injure; to damage; to wrong.
Though yet he never harmed me. Shak.
No ground of enmity between us known Why he should mean me ill or seek to harm. Milton.

Harmaline

Har"ma*line (?), n. [Cf. F. harmaline See Harmel.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in the plant Peganum harmala. It forms bitter, yellow salts.

Harmattan

Har*mat"tan (?), n. [F. harmattan, prob. of Arabic origin.] A dry, hot wind, prevailing on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in December, January, and February, blowing from the interior or Sahara. It is usually accompanied by a haze which obscures the sun.

Harmel

Har"mel (?), n. [Ar. harmal.] (Bot.) A kind of rue (Ruta sylvestris) growing in India. At Lahore the seeds are used medicinally and for fumigation.

Harmful

Harm"ful (?), a. Full of harm; injurious; hurtful; mischievous. " Most harmful hazards." Strype. --Harm"ful*ly, adv. -- Harm"ful*ness, n.

Harmine

Har"mine (?), n.[See Harmaline.] (Chem.) An alkaloid accompanying harmaline (in the Peganum harmala), and obtained from it by oxidation. It is a white crystalline substance.

Harmless

Harm"less (?), a.

1. Free from harm; unhurt; as, to give bond to save another harmless.

2. Free from power or disposition to harm; innocent; inoffensive. " The harmless deer." Drayton Syn. -- Innocent; innoxious; innocuous; inoffensive; unoffending; unhurt; uninjured; unharmed. --Harm"less*ly, adv.- Harm"less*ness, n.

Harmonic, Harmonical

Har*mon"ic (?), Har*mon"ic*al (, a. [L. harmonicus, Gr. harmonique
. See Harmony.]

1. Concordant; musical; consonant; as, harmonic sounds.

Harmonic twang! of leather, horn, and brass. Pope.

2. (Mus.) Relating to harmony, -- as melodic relates to melody; harmonious; esp., relating to the accessory sounds or overtones which accompany the predominant and apparent single tone of any string or sonorous body.

3. (Math.) Having relations or properties bearing some resemblance to those of musical consonances; -- said of certain numbers, ratios, proportions, points, lines. motions, and the like. Harmonic interval (Mus.), the distance between two notes of a chord, or two consonant notes. -- Harmonical mean (Arith. & Alg.), certain relations of numbers and quantities, which bear an analogy to musical consonances. -- Harmonic motion, <-- reference to diagram of a circle with radius having point P on the circle, and a diameter with point A in the diameter. THe motion of point A, plotted over time, will describe a sine wave! -->the motion of the point A, of the foot of the perpendicular PA, when P moves uniformly in the circumference of a circle, and PA is drawn perpendicularly upon a fixed diameter of the circle. This is simple harmonic motion. The combinations, in any way, of two more simple harmonic motions, make other kinds of harmonic motion. The motion of the pendulum bob of a clock is approximately simple harmonic motion. -- Harmonic proportion. See under Proportion. -- Harmonic series ∨ progression. See under Progression. -- Spherical harmonic analysis, a mathematical method, sometimes referred to as that of Laplace's Coefficients, which has for its object the expression of an arbitrary, periodic function of two independent variables, in the proper form for a large class of physical problems, involving arbitrary data, over a spherical surface, and the deduction of solutions for every point of space. The functions employed in this method are called spherical harmonic functions. Thomson & Tait. -- Harmonic suture (Anat.), an articulation by simple apposition of comparatively smooth surfaces or edges, as between the two superior maxillary bones in man; -- called also harmonic, and harmony. -- Harmonic triad (Mus.), the chord of a note with its third and fifth; the common chord.

Harmonic

Har*mon"ic (?), n. (Mus.) A musical note produced by a number of vibrations which is a multiple of the number producing some other; an overtone. See Harmonics.

Harmonica

Har*mon"i*ca (?), n. [Fem. fr. L. harmonicus harmonic. See Harmonic, n. ]

1. A musical instrument, consisting of a series of hemispherical glasses which, by touching the edges with the dampened finger, give forth the tones.<-- NOTE: This is now called the "Glass harmonica". The modern hand instrument has reeds -->

2. A toy instrument of strips of glass or metal hung on two tapes, and struck with hammers.

Har monically

Har* mon"ic*al*ly (?), adv.

1. In an harmonical manner; harmoniously.

2. In respect to harmony, as distinguished from melody; as, a passage harmonically correct.

3. (Math.) In harmonical progression.

Harmonicon

Har*mon"i*con (?), n. A small, flat, wind instrument of music, in which the notes are produced by the vibration of free metallic reeds.<-- now called the harmonica. -->

Harmonics

Har*mon"ics (?), n.

1. The doctrine or science of musical sounds.

2. pl. (Mus.) Secondary and less distinct tones which accompany any principal, and apparently simple, tone, as the octave, the twelfth, the fifteenth, and the seventeenth. The name is also applied to the artificial tones produced by a string or column of air, when the impulse given to it suffices only to make a part of the string or column vibrate; overtones.

Harmonious

Har*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. harmonieux. See Harmony.]

1. Adapted to each other; having parts proportioned to each other; symmetrical.

God hath made the intellectual world harmonious and beautiful without us. Locke.

2. Acting together to a common end; agreeing in action or feeling; living in peace and friendship; as, an harmonious family.

3. Vocally or musically concordant; agreeably consonant; symphonious. -- Har*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Har*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

Harmoniphon

Har*mon"i*phon (?), n. [Gr. (Mus.) An obsolete wind instrument with a keyboard, in which the sound, which resembled the oboe, was produced by the vibration of thin metallic plates, acted upon by blowing through a tube.

Harmonist

Har"mo*nist (?), n. [Cf. F. harmoniste.]

1. One who shows the agreement or harmony of corresponding passages of different authors, as of the four evangelists.

2. (Mus.) One who understands the principles of harmony or is skillful in applying them in composition; a musical composer.

Harmonist, Harmonite

Har"mo*nist, Har"mo*nite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a religious sect, founded in W\'81rtemburg in the last century, composed of followers of George Rapp, a weaver. They had all their property in common. In 1803, a portion of this sect settled in Pennsylvania and called the village thus established, Harmony.

Harmonium

Har*mo"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Harmony. ] A musical instrument, resembling a small organ and especially designed for church music, in which the tones are produced by forcing air by means of a bellows so as to cause the vibration of free metallic reeds. It is now made with one or two keyboards, and has pedals and stops.

Harmonization

Har`mo*ni*za"tion (?), n. The act of harmonizing.

Harmonize

Har"mo*nize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harmonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harmonizing (?).] [Cf. F. harmoniser. ]

1. To agree in action, adaptation, or effect on the mind; to agree in sense or purport; as, the parts of a mechanism harmonize.

2. To be in peace and friendship, as individuals, families, or public organizations.

3. To agree in vocal or musical effect; to form a concord; as, the tones harmonize perfectly.

Harmonize

Har"mo*nize, v. t.

1. To adjust in fit proportions; to cause to agree; to show the agreement of; to reconcile the apparent contradiction of.

2. (Mus.) To accompany with harmony; to provide with parts, as an air, or melody.

Harmonizer

Har"mo*ni`zer (?), n. One who harmonizes.

Harmonometer

Har`mo*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. meter: cf. F. harmonometre.] An instrument for measuring the harmonic relations of sounds. It is often a monochord furnished with movable bridges.

Harmony

Har"mo*ny (?), n.; pl. Harmonies (#). [ F.harmonic, L. harmonia, Gr. Article. ]

1. The just adaptation of parts to each other, in any system or combination of things, or in things, or things intended to form a connected whole; such an agreement between the different parts of a design or composition as to produce unity of effect; as, the harmony of the universe.

2. Concord or agreement in facts, opinions, manners, interests, etc.; good correspondence; peace and friendship; as, good citizens live in harmony.

3. A literary work which brings together or arranges systematically parallel passages of historians respecting the same events, and shows their agreement or consistency; as, a harmony of the Gospels.

4. (Mus.) (a) A succession of chords according to the rules of progression and modulation. (b) The science which treats of their construction and progression.

Ten thousand harps, that tuned Angelic harmonies. Milton.

5. (Anat.) See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic. Close harmony, Dispersed harmony, etc. See under Close, Dispersed, etc. -- Harmony of the spheres. See Music of the spheres, under Music. Syn. -- Harmony, Melody. Harmony results from the concord of two or more strains or sounds which differ in pitch and quality. Melody denotes the pleasing alternation and variety of musical and measured sounds, as they succeed each other in a single verse or strain.


Page 672

Harmost

Har"most (?), n. [Gr. , fr. harmoste. See Harmony.] (Gr. Antiq.) A governor or prefect appointed by the Spartans in the cities subjugated by them.

Harmotome

Har"mo*tome (?), n. [Gr. harmotome.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of alumina and baryta, occurring usually in white cruciform crystals; cross-stone. &hand; A related mineral, called lime harmotome, and Phillipsite, contains lime in place of baryta. Dana.

Harness

Har"ness (?), n. [OE. harneis, harnes, OF.harneis, F. harnais, harnois; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. harnez old iron, armor, W. haiarn iron, Armor. houarn, Ir. iarann, Gael. iarunn. Gf. Iron.]

1. Originally, the complete dress, especially in a military sense, of a man or a horse; hence, in general, armor.

At least we 'll die witch harness on our back. Shak.

2. The equipment of a draught or carriage horse, for drawing a wagon, coach, chaise, etc.; gear; tackling.

3. The part of a loom comprising the heddles, with their means of support and motion, by which the threads of the warp are alternately raised and depressed for the passage of the shuttle. To die in harness, to die with armor on; hence, colloquially, to die while actively engaged in work or duty.

Harness

Har"ness, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harnessed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Harnessing.] [OE. harneisen; cf. F. harnacher, OF. harneschier.]

1. To dress in armor; to equip with armor for war, as a horseman; to array.

Harnessed in rugged steel. Rowe.
A gay dagger, Harnessed well and sharp as point of spear. Chaucer.

2. Fig.: To equip or furnish for defense. Dr. H. More.

3. To make ready for draught; to equip with harness, as a horse. Also used figuratively.

Harnessed to some regular profession. J. C. Shairp.
Harnessed antelope. (Zo\'94l.) See Guib. -- Harnessed moth (Zo\'94l.), an American bombycid moth (Arctia phalerata of Harris), having, on the fore wings, stripes and bands of buff on a black ground.

Harness cask

Har"ness cask` (?). (Naut.) A tub lashed to a vessel's deck and containing salted provisions for daily use; -- called also harness tub. W. C. Russell.

Harnesser

Har"ness*er (?), n. One who harnesses.

Harns

Harns (?), n. pl. [Akin to Icel.hjarni, Dan. hierne.] The brains. [Scot.]

Harp

Harp (?), n. [OE. harpe, AS. hearpe; akin to D. harp, G.harfe, OHG. harpha, Dan. harpe, Icel. & Sw. harpa.]

1. A musical instrument consisting of a triangular frame furnished with strings and sometimes with pedals, held upright, and played with the fingers.

2. (Astron.) A constellation; Lyra, or the Lyre.

3. A grain sieve. [Scot.] \'92olian harp. See under \'92olian. Harp seal (Zo\'94l.), an arctic seal (Phoca Gr\'d2nlandica). The adult males have a light-colored body, with a harp-shaped mark of black on each side, and the face and throat black. Called also saddler, and saddleback. The immature ones are called bluesides. -- Harp shell (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful marine gastropod shell of the genus Harpa, of several species, found in tropical seas. See Harpa.

Harp

Harp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Harped (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Harping.] [AS. hearpian. See Harp, n.]

1. To play on the harp.

I heard the voice of harpers, harping with their harps. Rev. xiv. 2.

2. To dwell on or recur to a subject tediously or monotonously in speaking or in writing; to refer to something repeatedly or continually; -- usually with on or upon. "Harpings upon old themes." W. Irving.

Harping on what I am, Not what he knew I was. Shak.
To harp on one string, to dwell upon one subject with disagreeable or wearisome persistence. [Collog.]

Harp

Harp, v. t. To play on, as a harp; to play (a tune) on the harp; to develop or give expression to by skill and art; to sound forth as from a harp; to hit upon.
Thou 'harped my fear aright. Shak.

Harpa

Har"pa (?), n. [L., harp.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine univalve shells; the harp shells; -- so called from the form of the shells, and their ornamental ribs.

Harpagon

Har"pa*gon (?), n [L. harpago, Gr. A grappling iron. [Obs.]

Harper

Harp"er (?), n. [AS. hearpere.]

1. A player on the harp; a minstrel.

The murmuring pines and the hemlocks . . . Stand like harpers hoar, with beards that rest on their bosoms. Longfellow.

2. A brass coin bearing the emblem of a harp, -- formerly current in Ireland. B. Jonson.

Harping

Harp"ing (?), a. Pertaining to the harp; as, harping symphonies. Milton.

Harping iron

Harp"ing i`ron (?). [F.harper to grasp strongly. See Harpoon.] A harpoon. Evelyn.

Harpings

Harp"ings (?), n. pl. (Naut.) The fore parts of the wales, which encompass the bow of a vessel, and are fastened to the stem. [Written also harpins.] Totten.

Harpist

Harp"ist, n. [Gf. F. harpiste.] A player on the harp; a harper. W. Browne.

Harpoon

Har*poon" (?), n. [F. harpon, LL. harpo, perh. of Ger. origin, fr. the harp; cf. F. harper to take and grasp strongly, harpe a dog's claw, harpin boathook (the sense of hook coming from the shape of the harp); but cf. also Gr. harpy. Cf. Harp.] A spear or javelin used to strike and kill large fish, as whales; a harping iron. It consists of a long shank, with a broad, fiat, triangular head, sharpened at both edges, and is thrown by hand, or discharged from a gun. Harpoon fork, a kind of hayfork, consisting of bar with hinged barbs at one end a loop for a rope at the other end, used for lifting hay from the load by horse power. -- Harpoon gun, a gun used in the whale fishery for shooting the harpoon into a whale.

Harpoon

Har*poon", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harpooned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harpooning.] To strike, catch, or kill with a harpoon.

Harpooneer

Har`poon*eer` (?), n. An harpooner. Grabb.

Harpooner

Har*poon`er (?), n. [Gf. F. harponneur.] One who throws the harpoon.

Harpress

Harp`ress (?), n. A female harper. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Harpsichon

Harp"si*chon (?), n. A harpsichord. [Obs.]

Harpsichord

Harp"si*chord (?), n. [OF. harpechorde, in which the harpe is of German origin. See Harp, and Chord.] (Mus.) A harp-shaped instrument of music set horizontally on legs, like the grand piano, with strings of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys provided with quills, instead of hammers, for striking the strings. It is now superseded by the piano.

Harpy

Har"py (?), n.; pl. Harpies (#). [F. harpie, L. harpyia, Gr. Rapacious.]

1. (Gr. Myth.) A fabulous winged monster, ravenous and filthy, having the face of a woman and the body of a vulture, with long claws, and the face pale with hunger. Some writers mention two, others three.

Both table and provisions vanished guite. With sound of harpies' wings and talons heard. Milton.

2. One who is rapacious or ravenous; an extortioner.

The harpies about all pocket the pool. Goldsmith.

3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European moor buzzard or marsh harrier (Circus \'91ruginosus). (b) A large and powerful, double-crested, short-winged American eagle (Thrasa\'89tus harpyia). It ranges from Texas to Brazil. Harpy bat (Zo\'94l.) (a) An East Indian fruit bat of the genus Harpyia (esp. H. cerphalotes), having prominent, tubular nostrils. (b) A small, insectivorous Indian bat (Harpiocephalus harpia). Harpy fly (Zo\'94l.), the house fly.

Harquebus, Harquebuse

Har"que*bus, Har"que*buse (?), n. [See Arquebus.] A firearm with match holder, trigger, and tumbler, made in the second half of the 15th century. the barrel was about forty inches long. A form of the harquebus was subsequently called arquebus with matchlock.

Harrage

Har"rage (?) v. t.. [See Harry.] To harass; to plunder from. [Obs.] Fuller.

Harre

Har"re (?), n. [OE., fr. AS. heorr, hior.] A hinge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Harridan

Har"ri*dan (?), n. [F. haridelle a worn-out horse, jade.] A worn-out strumpet; a vixenish woman; a hag.
Such a weak, watery, wicked old harridan, substituted for the pretty creature I had been used to see. De Quincey.

Harrier

Har"ri*er (?), n. [From Hare, n.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a small breed of hounds, used for hunting hares. [Written also harier.]

Harrier

Har"ri*er, n. [From Harry.]

1. One who harries.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of hawks or buzzards of the genus Circus which fly low and harry small animals or birds, -- as the European marsh harrier (Circus \'91runginosus), and the hen harrier (C. cyaneus). Harrier hawk(Micrastur.

Harrow

Har"row (?), n. [OE. harowe, harwe, AS. hearge; cf. D. hark rake, G. harke, Icel. herfi harrow, Dan. harve, Sw. harf.

1. An implement of agriculture, usually formed of pieces of timber or metal crossing each other, and set with iron or wooden teeth. It is drawn over plowed land to level it and break the clods, to stir the soil and make it fine, or to cover seed when sown.

2. (Mil.) An obstacle formed by turning an ordinary harrow upside down, the frame being buried. Bush harrow, a kind of light harrow made of bushes, for harrowing grass lands and covering seeds, or to finish the work of a toothed harrow. -- Drill harrow. See under 6th Drill. -- Under the harrow, subjected to actual torture with a toothed instrument, or to great affliction or oppression.

Harrow

Har"row, v. t.. [imp. & p. p. Harrowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harrowing.] [OE. harowen, harwen; cf. Dan. harve. See Harrow, n.]

1. To draw a harrow over, as for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, or for covering seed; as, to harrow land.

Will he harrow the valleys after thee? Job xxxix. 10.

2. To break or tear, as with a harrow; to wound; to lacerate; to torment or distress; to vex.

My aged muscles harrowed up with whips. Rowe.
I could a tale unfold, whose lightest word Would harrow up thy soul. Shak.

Harrow

Har"row, interj. [OF. harau, haro; fr. OHG. hara, hera, herot, or fr. OS. herod hither, akin to E. here.] Help! Halloo! An exclamation of distress; a call for succor;-the ancient Norman hue and cry. "Harrow and well away!" Spenser.
Harrow! alas! here lies my fellow slain. Chaucer.

Harrow

Har"row, v. t.. [See Harry.] To pillage; to harry; to oppress. [Obs.] Spenser.
Meaning thereby to harrow his people. Bacon

Harrower

Har"row*er (?), n. One who harrows.

Harrower

Har"row*er, n. One who harries. [Obs.]

Harry

Har"ry (?), v. t.. [imp. & p. p. Harried( ?); p. pr. & vb. n. Harrying.] [OF. harwen, herien, her, AS. hergisn to act as an army, to ravage, plunder, fr. here army; akin to G. here army; akin to G. heer, Icel. herr, Goth. harjis, and Lith. karas war. Gf. Harbor, Herald, Heriot.]

1. To strip; to lay waste; as, the Northmen came several times and harried the land.

To harry this beautiful region. W. Irving.
A red squirrel had harried the nest of a wood thrush. J. Burroughs.

2. To agitate; to worry; to harrow; to harass. Shak. Syn. -- To ravage; plunder; pillage; lay waste; vex; tease; worry; annoy; harass.

Harry

Har"ry, v. i.. To make a predatory incursion; to plunder or lay waste. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Harsh

Harsh (?), a. [Compar. Harsher (?); superl. Harshest.] [OE. harsk; akin to G. harsch, Dan. harsk rancid, Sw. h\'84rsk; from the same source as E. hard. See Hard, a.]

1. Rough; disagreeable; grating; esp.:(a) To the touch."Harsh sand." Boyle. (b) To the taste. "Berries harsh and crude." Milton. (c) To the ear. "Harsh din." Milton.

2. Unpleasant and repulsive to the sensibilities; austere; crabbed; morose; abusive; abusive; severe; rough.

Clarence is so harsh, so blunt. Shak.
Though harsh the precept, yet the charmed. Dryden.

3. (Painting, Drawing, etc.) Having violent contrasts of color, or of light and shade; lacking in harmony.

Harshly

Harsh"ly, adv. In a harsh manner; gratingly; roughly; rudely.
'T will sound harshly in her ears. Shak.

Harshness

Harsh"ness, n. The quality or state of being harsh.
O, she is Ten times more gentle than her father 's crabbed, And he's composed of harshness. Shak.
'Tis not enough no harshness gives offense, The sound must seem an echo to the sense. Pope.
Syn. -- Acrimony; roughness; sternness; asperity; tartness. See Acrimony.

Harslet

Hars"let (?), n. See Haslet.

Hart

Hart (?), n. [OE.hart, hert, heort, AS. heort, heorot; akin to D. hert, OHG. hiruz, hirz, G. hirsch, Icel. hj\'94rtr, Dan. & Sw. hjort, L. cervus, and prob. to Gr.Horn.] (Zo\'94l.) A stag; the male of the red deer. See the Note under Buck.
Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind. Milton.

Hartbeest

Hart"beest` (?), n. [D. hertebeest. See Hart, and Beast.] (Zo\'94l.) A large South African antelope (Alcelaphus caama), formerly much more abundant than it is now. The face and legs are marked with black, the rump with white. [Written also hartebeest, and hartebest.]

Harten

Hart"en (?), v. t. To hearten; to encourage; to incite. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hartford

Hart"ford (?), n. The Hartford grape, a variety of grape first raised at Hartford, Connecticut, from the Northern fox grape. Its large dark-colored berries ripen earlier than those of most other kinds.

Harts clover

Hart"s` clo`ver (?). (Bot.) Melilot or sweet clover. See Melilot.

Hart's-ear

Hart's`-ear` (?), n. (Bot.) An Asiatic species of Cacalia (C. Kleinia), used medicinally in India.

Hartshorn

Harts"horn` (?), n.

1. The horn or antler of the hart, or male red deer.

2. Spirits of hartshorn (see below); volatile salts. Hartshorn plantain (Bot.), an annual species of plantain (Plantago Coronopus); -- called also duck's-horn. Booth. -- Hartshorn shavings, originally taken from the horns of harts, are now obtained chiefly by planing down the bones of calves. They afford a kind of jelly. Hebert. -- Salt of hartshorn (Chem.), an impure solid carbonate of ammonia, obtained by the destructive distillation of hartshorn, or any kind of bone; volatile salts. Brande & C.-- Spirits of hartshorn (Chem.), a solution of ammonia in water; -- so called because formerly obtained from hartshorn shavings by destructive distillation. Similar ammoniacal solutions from other sources have received the same name.


Page 673

Hart-tongue

Hart"-tongue` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A common British fern (Scolopendrium vulgare), rare in America. (b) A West Indian fern, the Polypodium Phyllitidis of Linn\'91us. It is also found in Florida.

Hartwort

Hart"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium maximum). &hand; The name is often vaguely given to other plants of the same order, as species of Seseli and Bupleurum.

Harum-scarum

Har"um-scar"um (?), a. [Cf. hare,v. t., and scare, v. t.] Wild; giddy; flighty; rash; thoughtless. [Colloq.]
They had a quarrel with Sir Thomas Newcome's own son, a harum-scarum lad. Thackeray.

Haruspication

Ha*rus`pi*ca"tion (?), n. See Haruspicy. Tylor.

Haruspice

Ha*rus"pice (?), n. [F., fr. L. haruspex.] A diviner of ancient Rome. Same as Aruspice.

Haruspicy

Ha*rus"pi*cy (?), n. The art or practices of haruspices. See Aruspicy.

Harvest

Har"vest (?), n. [OE. harvest, hervest, AS. h\'91rfest autumn; akin to LG. harfst, D. herfst, OHG. herbist, G. herbst, and prob. to L. carpere to pluck, Gr. Carpet.]

1. The gathering of a crop of any kind; the ingathering of the crops; also, the season of gathering grain and fruits, late summer or early autumn.

Seedtime and harvest . . . shall not cease. Gen viii. 22.
At harvest, when corn is ripe. Tyndale.

2. That which is reaped or ready to be reaped or gath

Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Joel iii. 13.
To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps. Shak.

3. The product or result of any exertion or labor; gain; reward.

The pope's principal harvest was in the jubilee. Fuller.
The harvest of a quiet eye. Wordsworth.
Harvest fish (Zo\'94l.), a marine fish of the Southern United States (Stromateus alepidotus); -- called whiting in Virginia. Also applied to the dollar fish. -- Harvest fly (Zo\'94l.), an hemipterous insect of the genus Cicada, often called locust. See Cicada. -- Harvest lord, the head reaper at a harvest. [Obs.] Tusser. -- Harvest mite (Zo\'94l.), a minute European mite (Leptus autumnalis), of a bright crimson color, which is troublesome by penetrating the skin of man and domestic animals; -- called also harvest louse, and harvest bug. -- Harvest moon, the moon near the full at the time of harvest in England, or about the autumnal equinox, when, by reason of the small angle that is made by the moon's orbit with the horizon, it rises nearly at the same hour for several days. -- Harvest mouse (Zo\'94l.), a very small European field mouse (Mus minutus). It builds a globular nest on the stems of wheat and other plants. -- Harvest queen, an image pepresenting Ceres, formerly carried about on the last day of harvest. Milton. -- Harvest spider. (Zo\'94l.) See Daddy longlegs.

Harvest

Har"vest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Harvested; p. pr. & vb. n. Harvesting.] To reap or gather, as any crop.

Harvester

Har"vest*er (?), n.

1. One who harvests; a machine for cutting and gathering grain; a reaper.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A harvesting ant.

Harvest-home

Har"vest-home" (?), n.

1. The gathering and bringing home of the harvest; the time of harvest.

Showed like a stubble land at harvest-home. Shak.

2. The song sung by reapers at the feast made at the close of the harvest; the feast itself. Dryden.

3. A service of thanksgiving, at harvest time, in the Church of England and in the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States.

4. The opportunity of gathering treasure. Shak.

Harvest-ing

Har"vest-ing, a. & n., from Harvest, v. t. Harvesting ant (Zo\'94l.), any species of ant which gathers and stores up seeds for food. Many species are known. &hand; The species found in Southern Europe and Palestine are Aphenogaster structor and A. barbara; that of Texas, called agricultural ant, is Pogonomyrmex barbatus or Myrmica molifaciens; that of Florida is P. crudelis. See Agricultural ant, under Agricultural.

Harvestless

Har"vest*less, a. Without harvest; lacking in crops; barren. "Harvestless autumns." Tennyson.

Harvestman

Har"vest*man (?), n.; pl. Harvestmen (. /def>

1. A man engaged in harvesting. Shak.

2. (Zo\'94l.) See Daddy longlegs, 1.

Harvestry

Har"vest*ry (?), n. The act of harvesting; also, that which is harvested. Swinburne.

Hary

Har"y (?), v. t. [Cf. OF. harier to harass, or E. harry, v. t.] To draw; to drag; to carry off by vio [Obs.] Chaucer.

Has

Has (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Have.

Hasard

Has"ard (?), n. Hazard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hase

Hase (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Haze, v. t.

Hash

Hash (?), n. [Formerly hachey, hachee, F. hachis, hacher
to hash; of German origin; cf. G. hippe sickle, OHG. hippa, for happia. Cf. Hatchet.]

1. That which is hashed or chopped up; meat and vegetables, especially such as have been already cooked, chopped into small pieces and mixed.

2. A new mixture of old matter; a second preparation or exhibition.

I can not bear elections, and still less the hash of them over again in a first session. Walpole.

Hash

Hash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hashing.] [From Hash, n.: cf. F. hacher to hash.] To as, to hash meat. Hudibras.

Hasheesh, Hashish

Hash"eesh, Hash"ish (?), n. [Ar. hash\'c6sh.] A slightly acrid gum resin produced by the common hemp (Cannabis saltiva), of the variety Indica, when cultivated in a warm climate; also, the tops of the plant, from which the resinous product is obtained. It is narcotic, and has long been used in the East for its intoxicating effect. See Bhang, and Ganja.

Hask

Hask (?), n. [See Hassock.] A basket made of rushes or flags, as for carrying fish. [Obs.] Spenser.

Haslet

Has"let (?), n. [F. h\'83telettes broil, for hastelettes, fr. F. haste spit; cf. L. hasta spear, and also OHG. harst gridiron.] The edible viscera, as the heart, liver, etc., of a beast, esp. of a hog. [Written also harslet.]

Hasp

Hasp (?), n. [OE. hasp, hesp, AS. h\'91pse; akin to G. haspe, h\'84spe, Sw. & Dan. haspe, Icel. hespa.]

1. A clasp, especially a metal strap permanently fast at one end to a staple or pin, while the other passes over a staple, and is fastened by a padlock or a pin; also, a metallic hook for fastening a door.

2. A spindle to wind yarn, thread, or silk on.

3. An instrument for cutting the surface of grass land; a scarifier.

Hasp

Hasp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hasped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hasping.] [AS. h\'91psian.] To shut or fasten with a hasp.

Hassock

Has"sock (?), n. [Scot. hassock, hassik, a besom, anything bushy, a large, round turf used as a seat, OE. hassok sedgy ground, W. hesgog sedgy, hesg sedge, rushes; cf. Ir. seisg, and E. sedge.]

1. A rank tuft of bog grass; a tussock. Forby.

2. A small stuffed cushion or footstool, for kneeling on in church, or for home use.

And knees and hassocks are well nigh divorced. Cowper.

Hast

Hast (?), 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest. [Archaic]

Hastate, Hastated

Has"tate (?), Has"ta*ted, a. [L. hastatus, fr. hasta spear. Cf. Gad, n.] Shaped like the head of a halberd; triangular, with the basal angles or lobes spreading; as, a hastate leaf.

Haste

Haste (?), n. [OE. hast; akin to D. haast, G., Dan., Sw., & OFries. hast, cf. OF. haste, F. h\'83te (of German origin); all perh. fr. the root of E. hate in a earlier sense of, to pursue. See Hate.]

1. Celerity of motion; speed; swiftness; dispatch; expedition; -- applied only to voluntary beings, as men and other animals.

The king's business required haste. 1 Sam. xxi. 8.

2. The state of being urged or pressed by business; hurry; urgency; sudden excitement of feeling or passion; precipitance; vehemence.

I said in my haste, All men are liars. Ps. cxvi. 11.
To make haste, to hasten. Syn. -- Speed; quickness; nimbleness; swiftness; expedition; dispatch; hurry; precipitance; vehemence; precipitation. -- Haste, Hurry, Speed, Dispatch. Haste denotes quickness of action and a strong desire for getting on; hurry includes a confusion and want of collected thought not implied in haste; speed denotes the actual progress which is made; dispatch, the promptitude and rapidity with which things are done. A man may properly be in haste, but never in a hurry. Speed usually secures dispatch.

Haste

Haste, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hasting.] [OE. hasten; akin to G. hasten, D. haasten, Dan. haste, Sw. hasta, OF. haster, F. h\'83ter. See Haste, n.] To hasten; to hurry. [Archaic]
I 'll haste the writer. Shak.
They were troubled and hasted away. Ps. xlviii. 5.

Hasten

Has"ten (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hastened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hastening (?).] To press; to drive or urge forward; to push on; to precipitate; to accelerate the movement of; to expedite; to hurry.
I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. Ps. lv. 8.

Hasten

Has"ten, v. i. To move celerity; to be rapid in motion; to act speedily or quickly; to go quickly.
I hastened to the spot whence the noise came. D

Hastener

Has"ten*er (?), n.

1. One who hastens.

2. That which hastens; especially, a stand or reflector used for confining the heat of the fire to meat while roasting before it.

Hastif

Has"tif (?), a. [OF. See Hastive.] Hasty. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Has"tif*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Hastile

Has"tile (?), a. [L. hasta a spear.] (Bot.) Same as Hastate. Gray.

Hastily

Has"ti*ly (?), adv. [From Hasty.]

1. In haste; with speed or quickness; speedily; nimbly.

2. Without due reflection; precipitately; rashly.

We hastily engaged in the war. Swift.

3. Passionately; impatiently. Shak.

Hastiness

Has"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being hasty; haste; precipitation; rashness; quickness of temper.

Hastings

Has"tings (?), n. pl. [From Haste, v.] Early fruit or vegetables; especially, early pease. Mortimer.

Hastings sands

Has"tings sands" (?). (Geol.) The lower group of the Wealden formation; -- so called from its development around Hastings, in Sussex, England.

Hastive

Has"tive (?), a. [OF. hastif. See Haste, n., and cf. Hastif.] Forward; early; -- said of fruits. [Obs.]

Hasty

Has"ty (?), a. [Compar. Hastier (?); superl. Hastiest.] [Akin to D. haastig, G., Sw., & Dan. hastig. See Haste, n.]

1. Involving haste; done, made, etc., in haste; as, a hasty sketch.

2. Demanding haste or immediate action. [R.] Chaucer. "Hasty employment." Shak.

3. Moving or acting with haste or in a hurry; hurrying; hence, acting without deliberation; precipitate; rash; easily excited; eager.

4. Made or reached without deliberation or due caution; as, a hasty conjecture, inference, conclusion, etc., a hasty resolution.

5.

Proceeding from, or indicating, a quick temper.

Take no unkindness of his hasty words. Shak

6. Forward; early; first ripe. [Obs.] "As the hasty fruit before the summer." Is. xxviii. 4.

Hasty pudding

Has"ty pud"ding (?).

1. A thick batter pudding made of Indian meal stirred into boiling water; mush. [U. S.]

2. A batter or pudding made of flour or oatmeal, stirred into boiling water or milk. [Eng.]

Hat

Hat (?), a. Hot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hat

Hat, sing. pres. of Hote to be called. Cf. Hatte. [Obs.] "That one hat abstinence." Piers Plowman.

Hat

Hat (?), n. [AS. h\'91t, h\'91tt; akin to Dan. hat, Sw. hatt, Icel. hattr a hat, h\'94ttr hood, D. hoed hat, G. hut, OHG. huot, and prob. to L. cassis helmet. Hood.] A covering for the head; esp., one with a crown and brim, made of various materials, and worn by men or women for protecting the head from the sun or weather, or for ornament. Hat block, a block on which hats are formed or dressed. -- To pass around the hat, to take up a collection of voluntary contributions, which are often received in a hat. [Collog.] Lowell.

Hatable

Hat"a*ble (?), a. [From Hate.] Capable of being, or deserving to be, hated; odious; detestable.

Hatband

Hat"band` (?), n. A band round the crown of a hat; sometimes, a band of black cloth, crape, etc., worn as a badge of mourning.

Hatbox

Hat"box` (?), n. A box for a hat.

Hatch

Hatch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hatched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hatching.] [F. hacher to chop, hack. See Hash.]

1. To cross with lines in a peculiar manneHatching.

Shall win this sword, silvered and hatched. Chapman.
Those hatching strokes of the pencil. Dryden.

2. To cross; to spot; to stain; to steep. [Obs.]

His weapon hatched in blood. Beau. & Fl.

Hatch

Hatch, v. t. [OE. hacchen, hetchen; akin to G. hecken, Dan. hekke; cf. MHG. hagen bull; perh. akin to E. hatch a half door, and orig. meaning, to produce under a hatch.

1. To produce, as young, from an egg or eggs by incubation, or by artificial heat; to produce young from (eggs); as, the young when hatched. Paley.

As the partridge sitteth on eggs, and hatcheth them not. Jer. xvii. 11.
For the hens do not sit upon the eggs; but by keeping them in a certain equal heat they [the husbandmen] bring life into them and hatch them. Robynson (More's Utopia).

2. To contrive or plot; to form by meditation, and bring into being; to originate and produce; to concoct; as, to hatch mischief; to hatch heresy. Hooker.

Fancies hatched In silken-folded idleness. Tennyson.

Hatch

Hatch, v. i. To produce young; -- said of eggs; to come forth from the egg; -- said of the young of birds, fishes, insects, etc.

Hatch

Hatch, n.

1. The act of hatching.

2. Development; disclosure; discovery. Shak.

The House of Peers gave so hardly theiMilton.
This general applause and cheerful sShak.
Let me say no moreGather the sequel by that went before. Shak.

3. The chickens produced at once or by one incubation; a brood.

Hatch

Hatch, n. [OE. hacche, AS. h\'91c, cf. haca the bar of a door, D. hek gate, Sw. h\'84ck coop, rack, Dan. hekke manger, rack. Prob. akin to E. hook, and first used of something made of pieces fastened together. Cf. Heck, Hack a frame.]

1. A door with an opening over it; a half door, sometimes set with spikes on the upper edge.

In at the window, or else o'er the hatch. Shak.

2. A frame or weir in a river, for catching fish.

3. A flood gate; a a sluice gate. Ainsworth.

4. A bedstead. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

5. An opening in the deck of a vessel or floor of a warehouse which serves as a passageway or hoistway; a hatchway; also; a cover or door, or one of the covers used in closing such an opening.

6. (Mining) An opening into, or in search of, a mine. Booby hatch, Buttery hatch, Companion hatch, etc. See under Booby, Buttery, etc. -- To batten down the hatches (Naut.), to lay tarpaulins over them, and secure them with battens. -- To be under hatches, to be confined below in a vessel; to be under arrest, or in slavery, distress, etc.

Hatch

Hatch, v. t. To close with a hatch or hatches.
'T were not amiss to keep our door hatched. Shak

Hatch-boat

Hatch"-boat` (?), n. (Naut.) A vessel whose deck consists almost wholly of movable hatches; -- used mostly in the fisheries.

Hatchel

Hatch"el (?; 277), n. [OE. hechele, hekele; akin to D. hekel, G. hechel, Dan. hegle, Sw. h\'84kla, and prob. to E. hook. See Hook, and cf. Hackle, Heckle.] An instrument with long iron teeth set in a board, for cleansing flax or hemp from the tow, hards, or coarse part; a kind of large comb; -- called also hackle and heckle.

Hatchel

Hatch"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hatcheled or Hatchelled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Hatcheling or Hatchelling.] [OE. hechelen, hekelen; akin to D. hekelen, G. hecheln, Dan. hegle, Sw. h\'84kla. See Hatchel, n.]

1. To draw through the teeth of a hatchel, as flax or hemp, so as to separate the coarse and refuse parts from the fine, fibrous parts.

2. To tease; to worry; to torment. [Colloq.]

Hatcheler

Hatch"el*er (?), n. One who uses a hatchel.

Hatcher

Hatch"er (?), n.

1. One who hatches, or that which hatches; a hatching apparatus; an incubator.

2. One who contrives or originates; a plotter.

A great hatcher and breeder of business. Swift.

Hatchery

Hatch"er*y (?), n. A house for hatching fish, etc.

Hatchet

Hatch"et (?), n. [F. hachette, dim. of hache Hatch, Hash.]

1. A small ax with a short handle, to be used with one hand.

2. Specifically, a tomahawk.

Buried was the bloody hatchet. Longfellow.

Page 674

Hatchet face, a thin, sharp face, like the edge of a hatchet; hence: Hatchet-faced, sharp-visaged. Dryden. -- To bury the hatchet, to make peace or become reconciled. -- To take up the hatchet, to make or declare war. The last two phrases are derived from the practice of the American Indians. <--

Hatchet man

Hatchet man 1. A person hired to murder or physically attack another; a hit man. 2. A person who deliberately tries to ruin the reputation of another, often unscrupulously, by slander or other malicious communication, often with political motive, and sometimes for pay. -->

Hatchettine, Hatchettite

Hatch"et*tine (?), Hatch"et*tite (?), n. [Named after the discoverer, Charles Hatchett.] (Min.) Mineral t

Hatching

Hatch"ing, n. [See 1st Hatch.] A mode of execution in engraving, drawing, and miniature painting, in which shading is produced by lines crossing each other at angles more or less acute; -- called also crosshatching.

Hatchment

Hatch"ment (?), n. [Corrupt. fr. achievement.]

1. (Her.) A sort of panel, upon which the arms of a deceased person are temporarily displayed, -- usually on the walls of his dwelling. It is lozenge-shaped or square, but is hung cornerwise. It is used in England as a means of giving public notification of the death of the deceased, his or her rank, whether married, widower, widow, etc. Called also achievement.

His obscure funeral; No trophy, sword, or hatchment o'er his bones. Shak.

2. A sword or other mark of the profession of arms; in general, a mark of dignity.

Let there be deducted, out of our main potation, Five marks in hatchments to adorn this thigh. Beau. & Fl.

Hatchure

Hatch"ure (?; 135), n. Same as Hachure.

Hatchway

Hatch"way` (?), n. A square or oblong opening in a deck or floor, affording passage from one deck or story to another; the entrance to a cellar.

Hate

Hate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hated; p. pr. & pr. & vb. n. Hating.] [OE. haten, hatien, AS. hatian; akin to OS. hatan, hat to be hostile to, D. haten to hate, OHG. hazz, hazz, G. hassen, Icel. & Sw. hata, Dan. hade, Goth. hatan, hatian. . Cf. Hate, n., Heinous.]

1. To have a great aversion to, with a strong desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; to dislike intensely; to detest; as, to hate one's enemies; to hate hypocrisy.

Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer. 1 John iii. 15.

2. To be very unwilling; followed by an infinitive, or a substantive clause with that; as, to hate to get into debt; to hate that anything should be wasted.

I hate that he should linger here. Tennyson.

3. (Script.) To love less, relatively. Luke xiv. 26. Syn. -- To Hate, Abhor, Detest, Abominate, Loathe. Hate is the generic word, and implies that one is inflamed with extreme dislike. We abhor what is deeply repugnant to our sensibilities or feelings. We detest what contradicts so utterly our principles and moral sentiments that we feel bound to lift up our voice against it. What we abominate does equal violence to our moral and religious sentiments. What we loathe is offensive to our own nature, and excites unmingled disgust. Our Savior is said to have hated the deeds of the Nicolaitanes; his language shows that he loathed the lukewarmness of the Laodiceans; he detested the hypocrisy of the scribes and Pharisees; he abhorred the suggestions of the tempter in the wilderness.

Hate

Hate, n. [OE. hate, hete, AS. hete; akin to D. haat, G. hass, Icel. hatr, SW. hat, Dan. had, Goth. hatis. Cf. Hate, v.] Strong aversion coupled with desire that evil should befall the person toward whom the feeling is directed; as exercised toward things, intense dislike; hatred; detestation; -- opposed to love.
For in a wink the false love turns to hate. Tennyson.

Hateful

Hate"ful (?), a.

1. Manifesting hate or hatred; malignant; malevolent. [Archaic or R.]

And worse than death, to view with hateful eyes His rival's conquest. Dryden.

2. Exciting or deserving great dislike, aversion, or disgust; odious.

Unhappy, wretched, hateful day! Shak.
Syn. -- Odious; detestable; abominable; execrable; loathsome; abhorrent; repugnant; malevolent. -- Hate"ful*ly, adv. -- Hate"ful*ness, n.

Hatel

Hat"el (?), a. Hateful; detestable. [Obs.]

Hater

Hat"er (?), n. One who hates.
An enemy to God, and a hater of all good. Sir T. Browne.

Hath

Hath (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Have, contracted from haveth. Has. [Archaic.]

Hatless

Hat"less (?), a. Having no hat.

Hatrack

Hat"rack` (?), n. A hatstand; hattree.

Hatred

Ha"tred (?), n. [OE. hatred, hatreden. See Hate, and cf. Kindred.] Strong aversion; intense dislike; hate; an affection of the mind awakened by something regarded as evil. Syn. -- Odium; ill will; enmity; hate; animosity; malevolence; rancor; malignity; detestation; loathing; abhorrence; repugnance; antipathy. See Odium.

Hatstand

Hat"stand` (?), n. A stand of wood or iron, with hooks or pegs upon which to hang hats, etc.

Hatte

Hat`te (?), pres. & imp. sing. & pl. of Hote, to be called. See Hote. [Obs.] Chaucer.
A full perilous place, purgatory it hatte. Piers Plowman.

Hatted

Hat"ted (?), a. Covered with a hat.

Hatter

Hat"ter (?), v. t. [Prov. E., to entangle; cf. LG. verhaddern, verheddern, verhiddern.] To tire or worry; -- out. [Obs.] Dryden.

Hatter

Hat"ter, n. One who makes or sells hats.

Hatteria

Hat*te"ri*a (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A New Zealand lizard, which, in anatomical character, differs widely from all other existing lizards. It is the only living representative of the order Rhynchocephala, of which many Mesozoic fossil species are known; -- called also Sphenodon, and Tuatera.

Hatting

Hat"ting (?), n. The business of making hats; also, stuff for hats.

Hatti-sherif

Hat"ti-sher`if (?), n. [Turk., fr. Ar. knatt a writing + sher\'c6f noble.] A irrevocable Turkish decree countersigned by the sultan.

Hattree

Hat"tree` (?), n. A hatstand.

Haubergeon

Hau*ber"ge*on (?), n. See Habergeon.

Hauberk

Hau"berk (?), n. [OF. hauberc, halberc, F.haubert, OHG. halsberc; hals neck + bergan to protect, G. bergen; akin to AS. healsbeorg, Icel. h\'belsbj\'94rg. See Collar, and Bury, v. t.] A coat of mail; especially, the long coat of mail of the European Middle Ages, as contrasted with the habergeon, which is shorter and sometimes sleeveless. By old writers it is often used synonymously with habergeon. See Habergeon. [Written variously hauberg, hauberque, hawberk, etc.] Chaucer.
Helm, nor hawberk's twisted mail. Gray.

Hauerite

Hau"er*ite (?), n. [Named after Von Hauer, of Vienna.] (Min.) Native sulphide of manganese a reddish brown or brownish black mineral.

Haugh

Haugh (?), n. [See Haw a hedge.] A low-lying meadow by the side of a river. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
On a haugh or level plain, near to a royal borough. Sir W. Scott.

Haught

Haught (?), a. [See Haughty.] High; elevated; hence, haughty; proud. [Obs.] Shak.

Haughtily

Haugh"ti*ly (?), adv. [From Haughty.] In a haughty manner; arrogantly.

Haughtiness

Haugh"ti*ness, n. [For hauteinness. See Haughty.] The quality of being haughty; disdain; arrogance. Syn. -- Arrogance; disdain; contemptuousness; superciliousness; loftiness. -- Haughtiness, Arrogance, Disdain. Haughtiness denotes the expression of conscious and proud superiority; arrogance is a disposition to claim for one's self more than is justly due, and enforce it to the utmost; disdain in the exact reverse of condescension toward inferiors, since it expresses and desires others to feel how far below ourselves we consider them. A person is haughty in disposition and demeanor; arrogant in his claims of homage and deference; disdainful even in accepting the deference which his haughtiness leads him arrogantly to exact.

Haughty

Haugh"ty, a. [Compar. Haughtier (?); superl. Haughtiest.] [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.]

1. High; lofty; bold. [Obs. or Archaic]

To measure the most haughty mountain's height. Spenser.
Equal unto this haughty enterprise. Spenser

2. Disdainfully or contemptuously proud; arrogant; overbearing.

A woman of a haughty and imperious nature. Clarendon.

3. Indicating haughtiness; as, a haughty carriage.

Satan, with vast and haughty strides advanced, Came towering. Milton.

Haul

Haul (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hauled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hauling.] [OE. halen, halien, F. geholian to acquire, get, D. halen to fetch, pull, draw, OHG. hol, hal, G. holen, Dan. hale to haul, Sw. hala, and to L. calare to call, summon, Gr. Hale, v. t., Claim. Class, Council, Ecclesiastic.]

1. To pull or draw with force; to drag.

Some dance, some haul the rope. Denham.
Thither they bent, and hauled their ships to land. Pope.
Romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust. Thomson.

2. To transport by drawing, as with horses or oxen; as, to haul logs to a sawmill.

When I was seven or eight years of age, I began hauling all the wood used in the house and shops. U. S. Grant.
To haul over the coals. See under Coal. -- To haul the wind (Naut.), to turn the head of the ship nearer to the point from which the wind blows.

Haul

Haul, v. i.

1. (Naut.) To change the direction of a ship by hauling the wind. See under Haul, v. t.

I . . . hauled up for it, and found it to be an island. Cook.

2. To pull apart, as oxen sometimes do when yoked. To haul around (Naut.), to shift to any point of the compass; -- said of the wind. -- To haul off (Naut.), to sail closer to the wind, in order to get farther away from anything; hence, to withdraw; to draw back.<-- haul off (b), to get ready (usu. for violent action) -- used with "and" -- "hauled off and punched him on the nose" -->

Haul

Haul, n.

1. A pulling with force; a violent pull.

2. A single draught of a net; as, to catch a hundred fish at a haul.

3. That which is caught, taken, or gained at once, as by hauling a net.

4. Transportation by hauling; the distance through which anything is hauled, as freight in a railroad car; as, a long haul or short haul.

5. (Rope Making) A bundle of about four hundred threads, to be tarred.

Haulage

Haul"age (?), n. Act of hauling; as, the haulage of cars by an engine; charge for hauling.

Hauler

Haul"er (?), n. One who hauls.

Haulm

Haulm (, n. [OE. halm, AS. healm; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. halm, Icel. h\'belmr, L. calamus reed, cane, stalk, Gr. Excel, Culminate, Culm, Shawm, Calamus.] The denuded stems or stalks of such crops as buckwheat and the cereal grains, beans, etc.; straw.

Haulm

Haulm, n. A part of a harness; a hame.

Hauls

Hauls (?), n. [Obs.] See Hals.

Haulse

Haulse (?), v. [Obs.] See Halse.

Hault

Hault (?), a. [OF. hault, F. haut. See Haughty.] Lofty; haughty. [Obs.]
Through support of countenance proud and hault. Spenser.

Haum

Haum (?), n. See Haulm, stalk. Smart.

Haunce

Haunce (?), v. t. To enhance. [Obs.] Lydgate.

Haunch

Haunch (?; 277), n. [F. hanche, of German origin; cf. OD. hancke, hencke, and also OHG. ancha; prob. not akin to E. ankle.]

1. The hip; the projecting region of the lateral parts of the pelvis and the hip joint; the hind part.

2. Of meats: The leg and loin taken together; as, a haunch of venison. Haunch bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate. -- Haunches of an arch (Arch.), the parts on each side of the crown of an arch. (See Crown, n., 11.) Each haunch may be considered as from one half to two thirds of the half arch.

Haunched

Haunched (?), a. Having haunches.

Haunt

Haunt (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Haunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Haunting.] [F. hanter; of uncertain origin, perh. from an assumed LL. ambitare to go about, fr. L. ambire (see Ambition); or cf. Icel. heimta to demand, regain, akin to heim home (see Home). &root;36.]

1. To frequent; to resort to frequently; to visit pertinaciously or intrusively; to intrude upon.

You wrong me, sir, thus still to haunt my house. Shak.
Those cares that haunt the court and town. Swift.

2. To inhabit or frequent as a specter; to visit as a ghost or apparition.

Foul spirits haunt my resting place. Fairfax.

3. To practice; to devote one's self to. [Obs.]

That other merchandise that men haunt with fraud . . . is cursed. Chaucer.
Leave honest pleasure, and haunt no good pastime. Ascham.

4. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.]

Haunt thyself to pity. Wyclif.

Haunt

Haunt, v. i. To persist in staying or visiting.
I've charged thee not to haunt about my doors. Shak.

Haunt

Haunt, n.

1. A place to which one frequently resorts; as, drinking saloons are the haunts of tipplers; a den is the haunt of wild beasts. &hand; In Old English the place occupied by any one as a dwelling or in his business was called a haunt. Often used figuratively.

The household nook, The haunt of all affections pure. Keble.
The feeble soul, a haunt of fears. Tennyson.

2. The habit of resorting to a place. [Obs.]

The haunt you have got about the courts. Arbuthnot.

3. Practice; skill. [Obs.]

Of clothmaking she hadde such an haunt. Chaucer.

Haunted

Haunt"ed, a. Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost.
All houses wherein men have lived and died Are haunted houses. Longfellow.

Haunter

Haunt"er (?), n. One who, or that which, haunts.

Haurient

Hau"ri*ent (?), a. [L. hauriens, p. pr. of haurire to breathe.] (Her.) In pale, with the head in chief; -- said of the figure of a fish, as if rising for air.

Hausen

Hau"sen (?), n. [G.] (Zo\'94l.) A large sturgeon (Acipenser huso) from the region of the Black Sea. It is sometimes twelve feet long.<-- syn = Huso huso, and also called Beluga. Provides the highest quality caviar -->

Hausse

Hausse (?), n. [F.] (Gun.) A kind of graduated breech sight for a small arm, or a cannon.

Haustellata

Haus`tel*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. haustellum, fr. L. haurire, haustum, to draw water, to swallow. See Exhaust.] (Zo\'94l.) An artificial division of insects, including all those with a sucking proboscis.

Haustellate

Haus"tel*late (?), a. [See Haustellata.] (Zo\'94l.) Provided with a haustellum, or sucking proboscis. -- n. One of the Haustellata.

Haustellum

Haus*tel"lum (?), n.; pl. Haustella (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The sucking proboscis of various insects. See Lepidoptera, and Diptera.

Haustorium

Haus*to"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Haustoria (#). [LL., a well, fr. L. haurire, haustum, to drink.] (Bot.) One of the suckerlike rootlets of such plants as the dodder and ivy. R. Brown.

Haut

Haut (?), a. [F. See Haughty.] Haughty. [Obs.] "Nations proud and haut." Milton.

Hautboy

Haut"boy (?), n. [F. hautbois, lit., high wood; haut high + bois wood. So called on account of its high tone. See Haughty, Bush; and cf. Oboe.]

1. (Mus.) A wind instrument, sounded through a reed, and similar in shape to the clarinet, but with a thinner tone. Now more commonly called oboe. See Illust. of Oboe.

2. (Bot.) A sort of strawberry (Fragaria elatior).

Hautboyist

Haut"boy*ist (-&icr;st), n. [Cf. F. hautbo\'8bste.] A player on the hautboy.

Hautein

Hau"tein (?), a. [See Haughty.]

1. Haughty; proud. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. High; -- said of the voice or flight of birds. [Obs.]

Hauteur

Hau`teur" (?), n. [F., fr. haut high. See Haughty.] Haughty manner or spirit; haughtiness; pride; arrogance.

Hautgo\'96t

Haut`go\'96t" (?), n. [F.] High relish or flavor; high seasoning.

Hautpas

Haut`pas" (?), n. [F. haut high + pas step.] A raised part of the floor of a large room; a platform for a raised table or throne. See Dais.
Page 675

Ha\'81ynite

Ha"\'81y*nite (?), n. [From the French mineralogist Ha\'81y.] (Min.) A blue isometric mineral, characteristic of some volcani

Havana

Ha*van"a (?), a. Of or pertaining to Havana, the capital of the island of Cuba; as, an Havana cigar; -- formerly sometimes written Havannah. -- n. An Havana cigar.
Young Frank Clavering stole his father's Havannahs, and . . . smoked them in the stable. Thackeray.

Havanese

Hav`an*ese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Havana, in Cuba. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant, or the people, of Havana.

Have

Have (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Had (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Having. Indic. present, I have, thou hast, he has; we, ye, they have.] [OE. haven, habben, AS. habben (imperf. h\'91fde, p. p. geh\'91fd); akin to OS. hebbian, D. hebben, OFries, hebba, OHG. hab, G. haben, Icel. hafa, Sw. hafva, Dan. have, Goth. haban, and prob. to L. habere, whence F. avoir. Cf. Able, Avoirdupois, Binnacle, Habit.]

1. To hold in possession or control; to own; as, he has a farm.

2. To possess, as something which appertains to, is connected with, or affects, one.

The earth hath bubbles, as the water has. Shak.
He had a fever late. Keats.

3. To accept possession of; to take or accept.

Break thy mind to me in broken English; wilt thou have me? Shak.

4. To get possession of; to obtain; to get. Shak.

5. To cause or procure to be; to effect; to exact; to desire; to require.

It had the church accurately described to me. Sir W. Scott.
Wouldst thou have me turn traitor also? Ld. Lytton.

6. To bear, as young; as, she has just had a child.

7. To hold, regard, or esteem.

Of them shall I be had in honor. 2 Sam. vi. 22.

8. To cause or force to go; to take. "The stars have us to bed." Herbert. "Have out all men from me." 2 Sam. xiii. 9.

9. To take or hold (one's self); to proceed promptly; -- used reflexively, often with ellipsis of the pronoun; as, to have after one; to have at one or at a thing, i. e., to aim at one or at a thing; to attack; to have with a companion. Shak.

10. To be under necessity or obligation; to be compelled; followed by an infinitive.

Science has, and will long have, to be a divider and a separatist. M. Arnold.
The laws of philology have to be established by external comparison and induction. Earle.

11. To understand.

You have me, have you not? Shak.

12. To put in an awkward position; to have the advantage of; as, that is where he had him. [Slang] &hand; Have, as an auxiliary verb, is used with the past participle to form preterit tenses; as, I have loved; I shall have eaten. Originally it was used only with the participle of transitive verbs, and denoted the possession of the object in the state indicated by the participle; as, I have conquered him, I have or hold him in a conquered state; but it has long since lost this independent significance, and is used with the participles both of transitive and intransitive verbs as a device for expressing past time. Had is used, especially in poetry, for would have or should have.

Myself for such a face had boldly died. Tennyson.
To have a care, to take care; to be on one's guard. -- To have (a man) out, to engage (one) in a duel. -- To have done (with). See under Do, v. i. -- To have it out, to speak freely; to bring an affair to a conclusion. -- To have on, to wear. -- To have to do with. See under Do, v. t. Syn. -- To possess; to own. See Possess.

Haveless

Have"less, a. Having little or nothing. [Obs.] Gower.

Havelock

Hav"e*lock (?), n. [From Havelock, an English general distinguished in India in the rebellion of 1857.] A light cloth covering for the head and neck, used by soldiers as a protection from sunstroke.

Haven

Ha"ven (?), n. [AS. h\'91fene; akin to D. & LG. haven, G. hafen, MNG. habe, Dan. havn, Icel. h\'94fn, Sw. hamn; akin to E. have, and hence orig., a holder; or to heave (see Heave); or akin to AS. h\'91f sea, Icel. & Sw. haf, Dan. hav, which is perh. akin to E. heave.]

1. A bay, recess, or inlet of the sea, or the mouth of a river, which affords anchorage and shelter for shipping; a harbor; a port.

What shipping and what lading's in our haven. Shak.
Their haven under the hill. Tennyson.

2. A place of safety; a shelter; an asylum. Shak.

The haven, or the rock of love. Waller.

Haven

Ha"ven, v. t. To shelter, as in a haven. Keats.

Havenage

Ha"ven*age (?), n. Harbor dues; port dues.

Havened

Ha"vened (?), p. a. Sheltered in a haven.
Blissful havened both from joy and pain. Keats.

Havener

Ha"ven*er (?), n. A harbor master. [Obs.]

Haver

Ha"ver (?), n. A possessor; a holder. Shak.

Haver

Hav"er, n. [D. haver; akin to G. haber.] The oat; oats. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Haver bread, oaten bread. -- Haver cake, oaten cake. Piers Plowman. -- Haver grass, the wild oat. -- Haver meal, oatmeal.

Haver

Ha"ver (?), v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To maunder; to talk foolishly; to chatter. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Haversack

Hav"er*sack (?), n. [F. havresac, G. habersack, sack for oats. See 2d Haver, and Sack a bag.]

1. A bag for oats or oatmeal. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A bag or case, usually of stout cloth, in which a soldier carries his rations when on a march; -- distinguished from knapsack.

3. A gunner's case or bag used carry cartridges from the ammunition chest to the piece in loading.

Haversian

Ha*ver"sian (?), a. Pertaining to, or discovered by, Clopton Havers, an English physician of the seventeenth century. Haversian canals (Anat.), the small canals through which the blood vessels ramify in bone.

Havildar

Hav`il*dar" (?), n. In the British Indian armies, a noncommissioned officer of native soldiers, corresponding to a sergeant. Havildar major, a native sergeant major in the East Indian army.

Having

Hav"ing (?), n. Possession; goods; estate.
I 'll lend you something; my having is not much. Shak.

Havior

Hav"ior (?), n. [OE. havour, a corruption of OF. aveir, avoir, a having, of same origin as E. aver a work horse. The h is due to confusion with E. have.] Behavior; demeanor. [Obs.] Shak.

Havoc

Hav"oc (?), n. [W. hafog devastation, havoc; or, if this be itself fr. E. havoc, cf. OE. havot, or AS. hafoc hawk, which is a cruel or rapacious bird, or F. hai, voux! a cry to hounds.] Wide and general destruction; devastation; waste.
As for Saul, he made havoc of the church. Acts viii. 3.
Ye gods, what havoc does ambition make Among your works! Addison.

Havoc

Hav"oc, v. t. To devastate; to destroy; to lay waste.
To waste and havoc yonder world. Milton.

Havoc

Hav"oc, interj. [See Havoc, n.] A cry in war as the signal for indiscriminate slaughter. Toone.
Do not cry havoc, where you should but hunt With modest warrant. Shak.
Cry 'havoc,' and let slip the dogs of war! Shak.

Haw

Haw (?), n. [OE. hawe, AS. haga; akin to D. haag headge, G. hag, hecke, Icel. hagi pasture, Sw. hage, Dan. have garden. Haggard, Ha-ha, Haugh, Hedge.]

1. A hedge; an inclosed garden or yard.

And eke there was a polecat in his haw. Chaucer.

2. The fruit of the hawthorn. Bacon.

Haw

Haw, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Anat.) The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane. See Nictitating membrane, under Nictitate.

Haw

Haw, n. [Cf. ha an interjection of wonder, surprise, or hesitation.] An intermission or hesitation of speech, with a sound somewhat like haw! also, the sound so made. "Hums or haws." Congreve.

Haw

Haw, v. i. To stop, in speaking, with a sound like haw; to speak with interruption and hesitation.
Cut it short; don't prose -- don't hum and haw. Chesterfield.

Haw

Haw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hawing.] [Written also hoi.] [Perhaps connected with here, hither; cf., however, F. huhau, hue, interj. used in turning a horse to the right, G. hott, h\'81, interj. used in calling to a horse.] To turn to the near side, or toward the driver; -- said of cattle or a team: a word used by teamsters in guiding their teams, and most frequently in the imperative. See Gee. To haw and gee, ∨ To haw and gee about, to go from one thing to another without good reason; to have no settled purpose; to be irresolute or unstable. [Colloq.]

Haw

Haw, v. t. To cause to turn, as a team, to the near side, or toward the driver; as, to haw a team of oxen. To haw and gee, ∨ To haw and gee about, to lead this way and that at will; to lead by the nose; to master or control. [Colloq.]

Hawaiian

Ha*wai"ian (?), a. Belonging to Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands, or to the people of Hawaii. -- n. A native of Hawaii.

Hawebake

Hawe"bake` (?), n. Probably, the baked berry of the hawthorn tree, that is, coarse fare. See 1st Haw, 2. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hawfinch

Haw"finch` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The common European grosbeak (Coccothraustes vulgaris); -- called also cherry finch, and coble.

Haw-haw

Haw-haw" (?), n. [Duplication of haw a hedge.] See Ha-ha.

Hawhaw

Haw*haw", v. i. [Of imitative origin.] To laugh boisterously. [Colloq. U. S.]
We haw-haw'd, I tell you, for more than half an hour. Major Jack Downing.

Hawk

Hawk (?), n. [OE. hauk (prob. fr. Icel.), havek, AS. hafoc, heafoc; akin to D. havik, OHG. habuh, G. habicht, Icel. haukr, Sw. h\'94k, Dan. h\'94g, prob. from the root of E. heave.] (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous species and genera of rapacious birds of the family Falconid\'91. They differ from the true falcons in lacking the prominent tooth and notch of the bill, and in having shorter and less pointed wings. Many are of large size and grade into the eagles. Some, as the goshawk, were formerly trained like falcons. In a more general sense the word is not infrequently applied, also, to true falcons, as the sparrow hawk, pigeon hawk, duck hawk, and prairie hawk. &hand; Among the common American species are the red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis); the red-shouldered (B. lineatus); the broad-winged (B. Pennsylvanicus); the rough-legged (Archibuteo lagopus); the sharp-shinned Accipiter fuscus). See Fishhawk, Goshawk, Marsh hawk, under Marsh, Night hawk, under Night. Bee hawk (Zo\'94l.), the honey buzzard. -- Eagle hawk. See under Eagle. -- Hawk eagle (Zo\'94l.), an Asiatic bird of the genus Spiz\'91tus, or Limn\'91tus, intermediate between the hawks and eagles. There are several species. -- Hawk fly (Zo\'94l.), a voracious fly of the family Asilid\'91. See Hornet fly, under Hornet. -- Hawk moth. (Zo\'94l.) See Hawk moth, in the Vocabulary. -- Hawk owl. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A northern owl (Surnia ulula) of Europe and America. It flies by day, and in some respects resembles the hawks. (b) An owl of India (Ninox scutellatus). -- Hawk's bill (Horology), the pawl for the rack, in the striking mechanism of a clock.

Hawk

Hawk (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hawked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hawking.]

1. To catch, or attempt to catch, birds by means of hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the prey; to practice falconry.

A falconer Henry is, when Emma hawks. Prior.

2. To make an attack while on the wing; to soar and strike like a hawk; -- generally with at; as, to hawk at flies. Dryden.

A falcon, towering in her pride of place, Was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed. Shak.

Hawk

Hawk, v. i. [W. hochi.] To clear the throat with an audible sound by forcing an expiratory current of air through the narrow passage between the depressed soft palate and the root of the tongue, thus aiding in the removal of foreign substances.

Hawk

Hawk, v. t. To raise by hawking, as phlegm.

Hawk

Hawk, n. [W. hoch.] An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accompanied with noise.

Hawk

Hawk, v. t. [Akin to D. hauker a hawker, G. h\'94ken, h\'94cken, to higgle, to retail, h\'94ke, h\'94ker, a higgler, huckster. See Huckster.] To offer for sale by outcry in the street; to carry (merchandise) about from place to place for sale; to peddle; as, to hawk goods or pamphlets.
His works were hawked in every street. Swift.

Hawk

Hawk, n. (Masonry) A small board, with a handle on the under side, to hold mortar. Hawk boy, an attendant on a plasterer to supply him with mortar.

Hawkbill

Hawk"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), which yields the best quality of tortoise shell; -- called also caret.

Hawkbit

Hawk"bit` (?), n. (Bot.) The fall dandelion (Leontodon autumnale).

Hawked

Hawked (?), a. Curved like a hawk's bill; crooked.

Hawker

Hawk"er (?), n. One who sells wares by crying them in the street; hence, a peddler or a packman.

Hawker

Hawk"er, v. i. To sell goods by outcry in the street. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Hawker

Hawk"er, n. [Cf. AS. hafecere. See 1st Hawk.] A falconer.

Hawkey

Hawk"ey (?), n. See Hockey. Holloway.

Hawk-eyed

Hawk"-eyed` (?), a. Having a keen eye; sharpsighted; discerning.

Hawk moth

Hawk" moth` (?; 115). (Zo\'94l.) Any moth of the family Sphingid\'91, of which there are numerous genera and species. They are large, handsome moths, which fly mostly at twilight and hover about flowers like a humming bird, sucking the honey by means of a long, slender proboscis. The larv\'91 are large, hairless caterpillars ornamented with green and other bright colors, and often with a caudal spine. See Sphinx, also Tobacco worm, and Tomato worm. Tobacco Hawk Moth (Macrosila Carolina), and its Larva, the Tobacco Worm. &hand; The larv\'91 of several species of hawk moths feed on grapevines. The elm-tree hawk moth is Ceratomia Amyntor.

Hawkweed

Hawk"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Hieracium; -- so called from the ancient belief that birds of prey used its juice to strengthen their vision. (b) A plant of the genus Senecio (S. hieracifolius). Loudon.

Hawm

Hawm (?), n. See Haulm, straw.

Hawm

Hawm, v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To lounge; to loiter. [Prov. Eng.] Tennyson.

Hawse

Hawse (?; 277), n. [Orig. a hawse hole, or hole in the ship; cf. Icel. hals, h\'bels, neck, part of the bows of a ship, AS. heals neck. See Collar, and cf. Halse to embrace.]

1. A hawse hole. Harris.

2. (Naut.) (a) The situation of the cables when a vessel is moored with two anchors, one on the starboard, the other on the port bow. (b) The distance ahead to which the cables usually extend; as, the ship has a clear or open hawse, or a foul hawse; to anchor in our hawse, or athwart hawse. (c) That part of a vessel's bow in which are the hawse holes for the cables. Athwart hawse. See under Athwart. -- Foul hawse, a hawse in which the cables cross each other, or are twisted together. -- Hawse block, a block used to stop up a hawse hole at sea; -- called also hawse plug. -- Hawse hole, a hole in the bow of a ship, through which a cable passes. -- Hawse piece, one of the foremost timbers of a ship, through which the hawse hole is cut. -- Hawse plug. Same as Hawse block (above). -- To come in at the hawse holes, to enter the naval service at the lowest grade. [Cant] -- To freshen the hawse, to veer out a little more cable and bring the chafe and strain on another part.


Page 676

Hawser

Haws"er (?), n. [From F. hausser to hausser\'82e towpath, towing, F. haussi\'8are hawser), LL. altiare, fr. L. altus high. See Haughty.] A large rope made of three strands each containing many yarns. &hand; Three hawsers twisted together make a cable; but it nautical usage the distinction between cable and hawser is often one of size rather than of manufacture. Hawser iron, a calking iron.

Hawser-laid

Haws"er-laid` (?), a. Made in the manner of a hawser. Cf. Cable-laid, and see Illust. of Cordage.

Hawthorn

Haw"thorn` (?), n. [AS. hagaborn, h\'91g. See Haw a hedge, and Thorn.] (Bot.) A thorny shrub or tree (the Crat\'91gus oxyacantha), having deeply lobed, shining leaves, small, roselike, fragrant flowers, and a fruit called haw. It is much used in Europe for hedges, and for standards in gardens. The American hawthorn is Crat\'91gus cordata, which has the leaves but little lobed.
Gives not the hawthorn bush a sweeter shade To shepherds? Shak.

Hay

Hay (?), n. [AS. hege: cf. F. haie, of German origin. See Haw a hedge, Hedge.]

1. A hedge. [Obs.]

2. A net set around the haunt of an animal, especially of a rabbit. Rowe. To dance the hay, to dance in a ring. Shak.

Hay

Hay, v. i. To lay snares for rabbits. Huloet.

Hay

Hay, n. [OE. hei, AS. h; akin to D. kooi, OHG. hewi, houwi, G. heu, Dan. & Sw. h\'94, Icel. hey, ha, Goth. hawi grass, fr. the root of E. hew. See Hew to cut. ] Grass cut and cured for fodder.
Make hay while the sun shines. Camden.
Hay may be dried too much as well as too little. C. L. Flint.
Hay cap, a canvas covering for a haycock. -- Hay fever (Med.), nasal catarrh accompanied with fever, and sometimes with paroxysms of dyspn\'d2a, to which some persons are subject in the spring and summer seasons. It has been attributed to the effluvium from hay, and to the pollen of certain plants. It is also called hay asthma, hay cold, and rose fever. -- Hay knife, a sharp instrument used in cutting hay out of a stack or mow. -- Hay press, a press for baling loose hay. -- Hay tea, the juice of hay extracted by boiling, used as food for cattle, etc. -- Hay tedder, a machine for spreading and turning newmown hay. See Tedder.

Hay

Hay, v. i. To cut and cure grass for hay.

Haybird

Hay"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European spotted flycatcher. (b) The European blackcap.

Haybote

Hay"bote` (?), n. [See Hay hedge, and Bote, and cf. Hedgebote.] (Eng. Law.) An allowance of wood to a tenant for repairing his hedges or fences; hedgebote. See Bote. Blackstone.

Haycock

Hay"cock` (?), n. A conical pile or hear of hay in the field.
The tanned haycock in the mead. Milton.

Hay-cutter

Hay"-cut`ter (?), n. A machine in which hay is chopped short, as fodder for cattle.

Hayfield

Hay"field` (?), n. A field where grass for hay has been cut; a meadow. Cowper.

Hayfork

Hay"fork` (?), n. A fork for pitching and tedding hay. Horse hayfork, a contrivance for unloading hay from the cart and depositing it in the loft, or on a mow, by horse power.

Hayloft

Hay"loft` (?; 115), n. A loft or scaffold for hay.

Haymaker

Hay"mak`er (?), n.

1. One who cuts and cures hay.

2. A machine for curing hay in rainy weather.

Haymaking

Hay"mak`ing, n. The operation or work of cutting grass and curing it for hay.

Haymow

Hay"mow` (?), n.

1. A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for preservation.

2. The place in a barn where hay is deposited.

Hayrack

Hay"rack` (?), n. A frame mounted on the running gear of a wagon, and used in hauling hay, straw, sheaves, etc.; -- called also hay rigging.

Hayrake

Hay"rake` (?), n. A rake for collecting hay; especially, a large rake drawn by a horse or horses.

Hayrick

Hay"rick (?), n. A heap or pile of hay, usually covered with thatch for preservation in the open air.

Haystack

Hay"stack` (?), n. A stack or conical pile of hay in the open air.

Haystalk

Hay"stalk` (?), n. A stalk of hay.

Haythorn

Hay"thorn` (?), n. Hawthorn. R. Scot.

Haytian

Hay"ti*an (?), a. Of pertaining to Hayti. -- n. A native of Hayti. [Written also Haitian.]

Hayward

Hay"ward (?), n. [Hay a hedge + ward.] An officer who is appointed to guard hedges, and to keep cattle from breaking or cropping them, and whose further duty it is to impound animals found running at large.

Hazard

Haz"ard (?), n. [F. hazard, Sp. azar an unforeseen disaster or accident, an unfortunate card or throw at dice, prob. fr. Ar. zahr, z\'ber, a die, which, with the article al the, would give azzahr, azz\'ber.]

1. A game of chance played with dice. Chaucer.

2. The uncertain result of throwing a die; hence, a fortuitous event; chance; accident; casualty.

I will stand the hazard of the die. Shak.

3. Risk; danger; peril; as, he encountered the enemy at the hazard of his reputation and life.

Men are led on from one stage of life to another in a condition of the utmost hazard. Rogers

4. (Billiards Holing a ball, whether the object ball (winning hazard) or the player's ball (losing hazard).

5. Anything that is hazarded or risked, as the stakes in gaming. "Your latter hazard." Shak. Hazard table, a a table on which hazard is played, or any game of chance for stakes. -- To ru, to take the chance or risk. Syn. -- Danger; risk; chance. See Danger.

Hazard

Haz"ard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hazarded; p. pr. & vb. Hazarding.] [Cf. F. hazarder. See Hazard, n.]

1. To expose to the operation of chance; to put in danger of loss or injury; to venture; to risk.

Men hazard nothing by a course of evangelical obedience. John Clarke.
He hazards his neck to the halter. Fuller.

2. To venture to incur, or bring on.

I hazarded the loss of whom I loved. Shak.
They hazard to cut their feet. Landor.
Syn. -- To venture; risk; jeopard; peril; endanger.

Hazard

Haz"ard (?), v. i. To try the chance; to encounter risk or danger. Shak.

Hazardable

Haz"ard*a*ble (?), a.

1. Liable to hazard or chance; uncertain; risky. Sir T. Browne.

2. Such as can be hazarded or risked.

Hazarder

Haz"ard*er (?), n.

1. A player at the game of hazard; a gamester. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. One who hazards or ventures.

Hazardize

Haz"ard*ize (?), n. A hazardous attempt or situation; hazard. [Obs.]
Herself had run into that hazardize. Spenser.

Hazardous

Haz"ard*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. hasardeux.] Exposed to hazard; dangerous; risky.
To enterprise so hazardous and high! Milton.
Syn. -- Perilous; dangerous; bold; daring; adventurous; venturesome; precarious; uncertain. -- Haz"ard*ous*ly, adv. -- Haz"ard*ous*ness, n.

Hazardry

Haz"ard*ry (?), n.

1. Playing at hazard; gaming; gambling. [R.] Chaucer.

2. Rashness; temerity. [R.] Spenser.

Haze

Haze (?), n. [Cf. Icel. h\'94ss gray; akin to AS. hasu, heasu, gray; or Armor. a\'82zen, \'82zen, warm vapor, exhalation, zephyr.] Light vapor or smoke in the air which more or less impedes vision, with little or no dampness; a lack of transparency in the air; hence, figuratively, obscurity; dimness.
O'er the sky The silvery haze of summer drawn. Tennyson.
Above the world's uncertain haze. Keble.

Haze

Haze, v. i. To be hazy, or tick with haze. Ray.

Haze

Haze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hazed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hazing.] [Also haze.] [Cf. Sw. haza to hamstring, fr. has hough, OD. h\'91ssen ham.]

1. To harass by exacting unnecessary, disagreeable, or difficult work.

2. To harass or annoy by playing abusive or shameful tricks upon; to humiliate by practical jokes; -- used esp. of college students; as, the sophomores hazed a freshman.

Hazel

Ha"zel (?), n. [OE. hasel, AS. h\'91sel; akin to D. hazelaar, G. hazel, OHG. hasal, hasala, Icel. hasl, Dan & Sw. hassel, L. corylus, for cosylus.]

1. (Bot.) A shrub or small tree of the genus Corylus, as the C. avellana, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild, farinaceous taste; the filbert. The American species are C. Americana, which produces the common hazelnut, and C. rostrata. See Filbert. Gray.

2. A miner's name for freestone. Raymond. Hazel earth, soil suitable for the hazel; a fertile loam. -- Hazel grouse (Zo\'94l.), a European grouse (Bonasa betulina), allied to the American ruffed grouse. -- Hazel hoe, a kind of grub hoe. -- Witch hazel. See Witch-hazel, and Hamamelis.

Hazel

Ha"zel, a.

1. Consisting of hazels, or of the wood of the hazel; pertaining to, or derived from, the hazel; as, a hazel wand.

I sit me down beside the hazel grove. Keble.

2. Of a light brown color, like the hazelnut. "Thou hast hazel eyes." Shak.

Hazeless

Haze"less (?), a. Destitute of haze. Tyndall.

Hazelly

Ha"zel*ly (?), a. Of the color of the hazelnut; of a light brown. Mortimer.

Hazelnut

Ha"zel*nut` (?), n. [AS. h\'91selhnutu.] The nut of the hazel. Shak.

Hazelwort

Ha"zel*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The asarabacca.

Hazily

Ha"zi*ly (?), adv. In a hazy manner; mistily; obscurely; confusedly.

Haziness

Ha"zi*ness, n. The quality or state of being hazy.

Hazle

Ha"zle (?), v. t. To make dry; to dry. [Obs.]

Hazy

Ha"zy (?), a. [From Haze, n.]

1. Thick with haze; somewhat obscured with haze; not clear or transparent. "A tender, hazy brightness." Wordsworth.

2. Obscure; confused; not clear; as, a hazy argument; a hazy intellect. Mrs. Gore.

He

He (?), pron. [nom. He; poss. His (?); obj. Him (?); pl. nom. They (?); poss. Their or Theirs (; obj. Them (?).] [AS. h, masc., he\'a2, fem., hit, neut.; pl. h\'c6, or hie, hig; akin to Ofries. hi, D. hij, OS. he, hi, G. heute to-day, Goth. himma, dat. masc., this, hina, accus. masc., and hita, accus. neut., and prob. to L. his this. &root;183. Cf. It.]

1. The man or male being (or object personified to which the masculine gender is assigned), previously designated; a pronoun of the masculine gender, usually referring to a specified subject already indicated.

Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. Gen. iii. 16.
Thou shalt fear the Lord thy God; him shalt thou serve. Deut. x. 20.

2. Any one; the man or person; -- used indefinitely, and usually followed by a relative pronoun.

He that walketh with wise men shall be wise. Prov. xiii. 20.

3. Man; a male; any male person; -- in this sense used substantively. Chaucer.

I stand to answer thee, Or any he, the proudest of thy sort. Shak.
&hand; When a collective noun or a class is referred to, he is of common gender. In early English, he referred to a feminine or neuter noun, or to one in the plural, as well as to noun in the masculine singular. In composition, he denotes a male animal; as, a he-goat.

-head

-head (?), suffix. A variant of -hood.

Head

Head (?), n. [OE. hed, heved, heaved, AS. he\'a0fod; akin to D. hoofd, OHG. houbit, G. haupt, Icel. h\'94fu, Sw. hufvud, Dan. hoved, Goth. haubip. The word does not corresponds regularly to L. caput head (cf. E. Chief, Cadet, Capital), and its origin is unknown.]

1. The anterior or superior part of an animal, containing the brain, or chief ganglia of the nervous system, the mouth, and in the higher animals, the chief sensory organs; poll; cephalon.

2. The uppermost, foremost, or most important part of an inanimate object; such a part as may be considered to resemble the head of an animal; often, also, the larger, thicker, or heavier part or extremity, in distinction from the smaller or thinner part, or from the point or edge; as, the head of a cane, a nail, a spear, an ax, a mast, a sail, a ship; that which covers and closes the top or the end of a hollow vessel; as, the head of a cask or a steam boiler.

3. The place where the head should go; as, the head of a bed, of a grave, etc.; the head of a carriage, that is, the hood which covers the head.

4. The most prominent or important member of any organized body; the chief; the leader; as, the head of a college, a school, a church, a state, and the like. "Their princes and heads." Robynson (More's Utopia).

The heads of the chief sects of philosophy. Tillotson.
Your head I him appoint. Milton.

5. The place or honor, or of command; the most important or foremost position; the front; as, the head of the table; the head of a column of soldiers.

An army of fourscore thousand troops, with the duke Marlborough at the head of them. Addison.

6. Each one among many; an individual; -- often used in a plural sense; as, a thousand head of cattle.

It there be six millions of people, there are about four acres for every head. Graunt.

7. The seat of the intellect; the brain; the understanding; the mental faculties; as, a good head, that is, a good mind; it never entered his head, it did not occur to him; of his own head, of his own thought or will.

Men who had lost both head and heart. Macaulay.

8. The source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as of a stream or river; as, the head of the Nile; hence, the altitude of the source, or the height of the surface, as of water, above a given place, as above an orifice at which it issues, and the pressure resulting from the height or from motion; sometimes also, the quantity in reserve; as, a mill or reservoir has a good head of water, or ten feet head; also, that part of a gulf or bay most remote from the outlet or the sea.

9. A headland; a promontory; as, Gay Head. Shak.

10. A separate part, or topic, of a discourse; a theme to be expanded; a subdivision; as, the heads of a sermon.

11. Culminating point or crisis; hence, strength; force; height.

Ere foul sin, gathering head, shall break into corruption. Shak.
The indisposition which has long hung upon me, is at last grown to such a head, that it must quickly make an end of me or of itself. Addison.

12. Power; armed force.

My lord, my lord, the French have gathered head. Shak.

13. A headdress; a covering of the head; as, a laced head; a head of hair. Swift.

14. An ear of wheat, barley, or of one of the other small cereals.

15. (Bot.) (a) A dense cluster of flowers, as in clover, daisies, thistles; a capitulum. (b) A dense, compact mass of leaves, as in a cabbage or a lettuce plant.

16. The antlers of a deer.

17. A rounded mass of foam which rises on a pot of beer or other effervescing liquor. Mortimer.

18. pl. Tiles laid at the eaves of a house. Knight. &hand; Head is often used adjectively or in self-explaining combinations; as, head gear or headgear, head rest. Cf. Head, a. A buck of the first head, a male fallow deer in its fifth year, when it attains its complete set of antlers. Shak. -- By the head. (Naut.) See under By. -- Elevator head, Feed head, etc. See under Elevator, Feed, etc. -- From head to foot, through the whole length of a man; completely; throughout. "Arm me, audacity, from head to foot." Shak. -- Head and ears, with the whole person; deeply; completely; as, he was head and ears in debt or in trouble. [Colloq.] -- Head fast. (Naut.) See 5th Fast. -- Head kidney (Anat.), the most anterior of the three pairs of embryonic renal organs developed in most vertebrates -- Head money, a capitation tax; a poll tax. Milton. -- Head pence, a poll tax. [Obs.] -- Head sea, a sea that meets the head of a vessel or rolls against her course. -- Head and shoulders. (a) By force; violently; as, to drag one, head and shoulders. "They bring in every figure of speech, head and shoulders." Felton. (b) By the height of the head and shoulders; hence, by a great degree or space; by far; much; as, he is head and shoulders above them. -- Head or tail, this side or that side; this thing or that; -- a phrase used in throwing a coin to decide a choice, guestion, or stake, head being the side of the coin bearing the effigy or principal figure (or, in case there is no head or face on either side, that side which has the date on it), and tail the other side. -- Neither head nor tail, neither beginning nor end; neither this thing nor that; nothing distinct or definite; -- a phrase used in speaking of what is indefinite or confused; as, they made neither head nor tail of the matter. [Colloq.] -- Head wind, a wind that blows in a direction opposite the vessel's course. -- Out one's own head, according to one's own idea; without advice or co\'94peration of another. Over the head of, beyond the comprehension of. M. Arnold.<-- go over one's head = appeal to one's superior in line of command --> -- To be out of one's head, to be temporarily insane. -- To come or draw to a head. See under Come, Draw. -- To give (one) the head, ∨ To give head, to let go, or to give up, control; to free from restraint; to give license. "He gave his able horse the head." Shak. "He has so long given his unruly passions their head." South. -- To his head, before his face. "An uncivil answer from a son to a father, from an obliged person to a benefactor, is a greater indecency than if an enemy should storm his house or revile him to his head." Jer. Taylor. -- To lay heads together, to consult; to conspire. -- To lose one's head, to lose presence of mind. -- To make head, ∨ To make head against, to resist with success; to advance. -- To show one's head, to appear. Shak. -- To turn head, to turn the face or front. "The ravishers turn head, the fight renews." Dryden.


Page 677

Head

Head (?), a. Principal; chief; leading; first; as, the head master of a school; the head man of a tribe; a head chorister; a head cook.

Head

Head (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Headed; p. pr. & vb. n. Heading.]

1. To be at the head of; to put one's self at the head of; to lead; to direct; to act as leader to; as, to head an army, an expedition, or a riot. Dryden.

2. To form a head to; to fit or furnish with a head; as, to head a nail. Spenser.

3. To behead; to decapitate. [Obs.] Shak.

4. To cut off the top of; to lop off; as, to head trees.

5. To go in front of; to get in the front of, so as to hinder or stop; to oppose; hence, to check or restrain; as, to head a drove of cattle; to head a person; the wind heads a ship.

6. To set on the head; as, to head a cask. To head off, to intercept; to get before; as, an officer heads off a thief who is escaping. -- To head up, to close, as a cask or barrel, by fitting a head to.

Head

Head, v. i.

1. To originate; to spring; to have its

A broad river, that heads in the great Blue Ridge. Adair.

2. To go or point in a certain direction; to tend; as, how does the ship head?

3. To form a head; as, this kind of cabbage heads early.

Headache

Head"ache` (?), n. Pain in the head; ceph "Headaches and shivering fits." Macaulay.

Headachy

Head"ach`y, a. Afflicted with headache. [Colloq.]

Headband

Head"band` (?), n.

1. A fillet; a band for the head. "The headbands and the tablets." Is. iii. 20.

Hemigamous

He*mig"a*mous (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. (Bot.) Having one of the two florets in the same spikelet neuter, and the other unisexual, whether male or female; -- said of grasses.

Hemiglyph

Hem"i*glyph (?), n. [Hemi- + Gr. (Arch.) The half channel or groove in the edge of the triglyph in the Doric order.

Hemihedral

Hem`i*he"dral (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. (Crystallog.) Having half of the similar parts of a crystals, instead of all; consisting of half the planes which full symmetry would require, as when a cube has planes only on half of its eight solid angles, or one plane out of a pair on each of its edges; or as in the case of a tetrahedron, which is hemihedral to an octahedron, it being contained under four of the planes of an octahedron. -- Hem`i*he"dral*ly, adv.

Hemihedrism

Hem`i*he"drism (?), n. (Crystallog.) The property of crystallizing hemihedrally.

Hemihedron

Hem`i*he"dron (?), n. (Crystallog.) A solid hemihedrally derived. The tetrahedron is a hemihedron.

Hemiholohedral

Hem`i*hol`o*he"dral (?), a. [Hemi- + holohedral.] (Crystallog.) Presenting hemihedral forms, in which half the sectants have the full number of planes.

Hemimellitic

Hem`i*mel*lit"ic (?), a. [Hemi- + mellitic.] (Chem.) Having half as many (three) carboxyl radicals as mellitic acid; -- said of an organic acid.

Hemimetabola

Hem`i*me*tab"o*la (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hemi-, and Metabola.] (Zo\'94l.) Those insects which have an incomplete metamorphosis.

Hemimetabolic

Hem`i*met`a*bol"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having an incomplete metamorphosis, the larv\'91 differing from the adults chiefly in laking wings, as in the grasshoppers and cockroaches.

Hemimorphic

Hem`i*mor"phic (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. (Crystallog.) Having the two ends modified with unlike planes; -- said of a crystal.

Hemin

He"min (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance, in the form of reddish brown, microscopic, prismatic crystals, formed from dried blood by the action of strong acetic acid and common salt; -- called also Teichmann's crystals. Chemically, it is a hydrochloride of hematin. &hand; The obtaining of these small crystals, from old blood clots or suspected blood stains, constitutes one of the best evidences of the presence of blood.

Hemina

He*mi"na (?), n.; pl. Hemin\'91 (#). [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Rom. Antiq.) A measure of half a sextary. Arbuthnot.

2. (Med.) A measure equal to about ten fluid ounces.

Hemionus

He*mi"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A wild ass found in Thibet; the kiang. Darwin.

Hemiopia, Hemiopsia

Hem`i*o"pi*a (?), Hem`i*op"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A defect of vision in consequence of which a person sees but half of an object looked at.

Hemiorthotype

Hem`i*or"tho*type (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. -type.] Same as Monoclinic.

Hemipeptone

Hem`i*pep"tone (?), n. [Hemi- + peptone.] (Physiol. Chem.) A product of the gastric and pancreatic digestion of albuminous matter. &hand; Unlike antipeptone it is convertible into leucin and tyrosin, by the continued action of pancreatic juice. See Peptone. It is also formed from hemialbumose and albumin by the action of boiling dilute sulphuric acid.

Hemiplegia

Hem`i*ple"gi*a (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. h\'82miplagie.] (Med.) A palsy that affects one side only of the body. -- Hem`i"pleg"ic (#), a.

Hemiplegy

Hem"i*ple`gy (?), n. (Med.) Hemiplegia.

Hemipode

Hem"i*pode (?), n. [Hemi- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genus Turnix. Various species inhabit Asia, Africa, and Australia.

Hemiprotein

Hem`i*pro"te*in (?), n. [Hemi- + protein.] (Physiol. Chem.) An insoluble, proteid substance, described by Sch\'81tzenberger, formed when albumin is heated for some time with dilute sulphuric acid. It is apparently identical with antialbumid and dyspeptone.

Hemipter

He*mip"ter (?), n. [Cf. F. h\'82mipt\'8ares, pl.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Hemiptera.

Hemiptera

He*mip"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of hexapod insects having a jointed proboscis, including four sharp stylets (mandibles and maxill\'91), for piercing. In many of the species (Heteroptera) the front wings are partially coriaceous, and different from the others. &hand; They are divided into the Heteroptera, including the squash bug, soldier bug, bedbug, etc.; the Homoptera, including the cicadas, cuckoo spits, plant lice, scale insects, etc.; the Thysanoptera, including the thrips, and, according to most recent writers, the Pediculina or true lice.

Hemipteral, Hemipterous

He*mip"ter*al (?), He*mip"ter*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Hemiptera.

Hemipteran

He*mip"ter*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Hemiptera; an hemipter.

Hemisect

Hem`i*sect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemisected; p. pr. & vb. n. Hemisecting.] [Hemi- + L. secare to cut.] (Anat.) To divide along the mesial plane.

Hemisection

Hem`i*sec"tion (?), n. (Anat.) A division along the mesial plane; also, one of the parts so divided.

Hemisphere

Hem"i*sphere (?), n. [L. hemisphaerium, Gr. h\'82misph\'8are. See Hemi-, and Sphere.]

1. A half sphere; one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane passing through its center.

2. Half of the terrestrial globe, or a projection of the same in a map or picture.

3. The people who inhabit a hemisphere.

He died . . . mourned by a hemisphere. J. P. Peters.
ten Cerebral hemispheres. (Anat.) See Brain. -- Magdeburg hemispheres (Physics), two hemispherical cups forming, when placed together, a cavity from which the air can be withdrawn by an air pump; -- used to illustrate the pressure of the air. So called because invented by Otto von Guericke at Magdeburg.

Hemispheric, Hemispherical

Hem`i*spher"ic (?), Hem`i*spher"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. h\'82misph\'82rique.] Containing, or pertaining to, a hemisphere; as, a hemispheric figure or form; a hemispherical body.

Hemispheroid

Hem`i*sphe"roid (?), n. [Hemi- + spheroid.] A half of a spheroid.

Hemispheroidal

Hem`i*sphe*roid"al (?), a. Resembling, or approximating to, a hemisphere in form.

Hemispherule

Hem`i*spher"ule (?), n. A half spherule.

Hemistich

Hem"i*stich (?; 277), n. [L. hemistichium, Gr. "hmisti`chion; "hmi- half + sti`chos row, line, verse: cf. F. h\'82mistiche.] Half a poetic verse or line, or a verse or line not completed.

Hemistichal

He*mis"ti*chal (?), a. Pertaining to, or written in, hemistichs; also, by, or according to, hemistichs; as, a hemistichal division of a verse.

Hemisystole

Hem`i*sys"to*le (?), n. (Physiol.) Contraction of only one ventricle of the heart. &hand; Hemisystole is noticed in rare cases of insufficiency of the mitral valve, in which both ventricles at times contract simultaneously, as in a normal heart, this condition alternating with contraction of the right ventricle alone; hence, intermittent hemisystole.

Hemitone

Hem"i*tone (?), n. [L. hemitonium, Gr. See Semitone.

Hemitropal, Hemitropous

He*mit"ro*pal (?), He*mit"ro*pous (?), a. [See Hemitrope.]

1. Turned half round; half inverted.

2. (Bot.) Having the raphe terminating about half way between the chalaza and the orifice; amphitropous; -- said of an ovule. Gray.

Hemitrope

Hem"i*trope (?), a. [Hemi- + Gr. h\'82mitrope.] Half turned round; half inverted; (Crystallog.) having a twinned structure.

Hemitrope

Hem"i*trope, n. That which is hemitropal in construction; (Crystallog.) a twin crystal having a hemitropal structure.

Hemitropy

He*mit"ro*py (?), n. (Crystallog.) Twin composition in crystals.

Hemlock

Hem"lock (?), n. [OE. hemeluc, humloc, AS. hemlic, hymlic.]

1. (Bot.) The name of several poisonous umbelliferous herbs having finely cut leaves and small white flowers, as the Cicuta maculata, bulbifera, and virosa, and the Conium maculatum. See Conium. &hand; The potion of hemlock administered to Socrates is by some thought to have been a decoction of Cicuta virosa, or water hemlock, by others, of Conium maculatum.

2. (Bot.) An evergreen tree common in North America (Abies, ∨ Tsuga, Canadensis); hemlock spruce.

The murmuring pines and the hemlocks. Longfellow.

3. The wood or timber of the hemlock tree. Ground hemlock, ∨ Dwarf hemlock. See under Ground.

Hemmel

Hem"mel (?), n. [Scot. hemmel, hammel, Prov. E. hemble hovel, stable, shed, perh. allied to D. hemel heaven, canopy, G. himmel; cf. E. heaven. A shed or hovel for cattle. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Hemmer

Hem"mer (?), n. One who, or that which, hems with a needle. Specifically: (a) An attachment to a sewing machine, for turning under the edge of a piece of fabric, preparatory to stitching it down. (b) A tool for turning over the edge of sheet metal to make a hem.

Hemo-

Hem"o- (?). Same as H\'91ma-, H\'91mo-.

Hemoglobin

Hem"o*glo"bin (?), n. [Hemo- + globe.] (Physiol.) The normal coloring matter of the red blood corpuscles of vertebrate animals. It is composed of hematin and globulin, and is also called h\'91matoglobulin. In arterial blood, it is always combined with oxygen, and is then called oxyhemoglobin. It crystallizes under different forms from different animals, and when crystallized, is called h\'91matocrystallin. See Blood crystal, under Blood.

Hemoglobinometer

Hem`o*glo"bin*om"e*ter (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) Same as H\'91mochromometer.

Hemophilia

Hem`o*phil"i*a (?), n. See Hematophilia.

Hemoptysis

He*mop"ty*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. h\'82moptysie.] (Med.) The expectoration of blood, due usually to hemorrhage from the mucous membrane of the lungs.

Hemorrhage

Hem"or*rhage (?), n. [L. haemorrhagia, Gr. h\'82morriage, h\'82morrhagie.] (Med.) Any discharge of blood from the blood vessels. &hand; The blood circulates in a system of closed tubes, the rupture of which gives rise to hemorrhage.

Hemorrhagic

Hem`or*rhag"ic (?), a. [Gr. h\'82morrhagique.] Pertaining or tending to a flux o

Hemorrhoidal

Hem`or*rhoid"al (?), a. [Cf. F. h\'82morro\'8bdal, h\'82morrho\'8bdal.]

1. Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, hemorrhoids.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the rectum; rectal; as, the hemorrhoidal arteries, veins, and nerves.

Hemorrhoids

Hem"or*rhoids (?), n. pl. [L. haemorrhoidae, pl., Gr. h\'82morro\'8bdes, h\'82morrho\'8bdes. See Rheum.] (Med.) Livid and painful swellings formed by the dilation of the blood vessels around the margin of, or within, the anus, from which blood or mucus is occasionally discharged; piles; emerods. [The sing. hemorrhoid is rarely used.]

Hemostatic

Hem`o*stat"ic (?), a. [Hemo- + Gr. ets>

1. (Med.) Of or relating to stagnation of the blood.

2. Serving to arrest hemorrhage; styptic.

Hemostatic

Hem`o*stat"ic, n. A medicine or application to arrest hemorrhage.

Hemoothorax

Hemo"o*tho"rax (?), n. [NL. See Hemo-, and Thorax.] (Med.) An effusion of blood into the cavity of the pleura.

Hemp

Hemp (?), n. [OE. hemp, AS. henep, h\'91nep; akin to D. hennep, OHG. hanaf, G. hanf, Icel. hampr, Dan. hamp, Sw. hampa, L. cannabis, cannabum, Gr. conoplia, Skr. a; all prob. borrowed from some other language at an early time. Cf. Cannabine, Canvas.]

1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Cannabis (C. sativa), the fibrous skin or bark of which is used for making cloth and cordage. The name is also applied to various other plants yielding fiber.

2. The fiber of the skin or rind of the plant, prepared for spinning. The name has also been extended to various fibers resembling the true hemp. African hemp, Bowstring hemp. See under African, and Bowstring. -- Bastard hemp, the Asiatic herb Datisca cannabina. -- Canada hemp, a species of dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum), the fiber of which was used by the Indians. -- Hemp agrimony, a coarse, composite herb of Europe (Eupatorium cannabinum), much like the American boneset. -- Hemp nettle, a plant of the genus Galeopsis (G. Tetrahit), belonging to the Mint family. -- Indian hemp. See under Indian, a. -- Manila hemp, the fiber of Musa textilis. -- Sisal hemp, the fiber of Agave sisalana, of Mexico and Yucatan. -- Sunn hemp, a fiber obtained from a leguminous plant (Crotalaria juncea). -- Water hemp, an annual American weed (Acnida cannabina), related to the amaranth.

Hempen

Hemp"en (?), a.

1. Made of hemp; as, a hempen cord.

2. Like hemp. "Beat into a hempen state." Cook.

Hempy

Hemp"y (?), a. Like hemp. [R.] Howell.

Hemself, Hemselve , Hemselven

Hem*self" (?), Hem*selve" (
, Hem*selv"en (, pron. pl. [See Hem, pron.] Themselves; -- used reflexively. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hemstitch

Hem"stitch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemstitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hemstitching.] [Hem + stitch.] To ornament at the head of a broad hem by drawing out a few parallel threads, and fastening the cross threads in successive small clusters; as, to hemstitch a handkerchief.

Hemstitched

Hem"stitched (?), a. Having a broad hem separated from the body of the article by a line of open work; as, a hemistitched handkerchief.

Hemuse

He"muse (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The roebuck in its third year. [Prov. Eng.]

Hen

Hen (?), n. [AS. henn, hen, h\'91n; akin to D. hen, OHG. henna, G. henne, Icel. hna, Dan. h\'94na; the fem. corresponding to AS. hana cock, D. haan, OHG. hano, G. hahn, Icel. hani, Dan. & Sw. hane. Prob. akin to L. canere to sing, and orig. meaning, a singer. Cf. Chanticleer.] (Zo\'94l.) The female of the domestic fowl; also, the female of grouse, pheasants, or any kind of birds; as, the heath hen; the gray hen. &hand; Used adjectively or in combination to indicate the female; as, hen canary, hen eagle, hen turkey, peahen. Hen clam. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A clam of the Mactra, and allied genera; the sea clam or surf clam. See Surf clam. (b) A California clam of the genus Pachydesma. -- Hen driver. See Hen harrier (below). -- Hen harrier (Zo\'94l.), a hawk (Circus cyaneus), found in Europe and America; -- called also dove hawk, henharm, henharrow, hen driver, and usually, in America, marsh hawk. See Marsh hawk. -- Hen hawk (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of large hawks which capture hens; esp., the American red-tailed hawk (Buteo borealis), the red-shouldered hawk (B. lineatus), and the goshawk.

Henbane

Hen"bane` (?), n. [Hen + bane.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Hyoscyamus (H. niger). All parts of the plant are poisonous, and the leaves are used for the same purposes as belladonna. It is poisonous to domestic fowls; whence the name. Called also, stinking nightshade, from the fetid odor of the plant. See Hyoscyamus.

Henbit

Hen"bit` (?), n. (Bot.) A weed of the genus Lamium (L. amplexicaule) with deeply crenate leaves.

Hence

Hence (?), adv. [OE. hennes, hens (the s is prop. a genitive ending; cf. -wards), also hen, henne, hennen, heonnen, heonene, AS. heonan, heonon, heona, hine; akin to OHG. hinn\'ben, G. hinnen, OHG. hina, G. hin; all from the root of E. he. See He.]

1. From this place; away. "Or that we hence wend." Chaucer.

Arise, let us go hence. John xiv. 31.
I will send thee far hence unto the Gentiles. Acts xxii. 21.

2. From this time; in the future; as, a week hence. "Half an hour hence." Shak.


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3. From this reason; as an inference or deduction.

Hence, perhaps, it is, that Solomon calls the fear of the Lord the beginning of wisdom. Tillotson.

4. From this source or origin.

All other faces borrowed hence Their light and grace. Suckling.
Whence come wars and fightings among you? Come they not hence, even of your lusts? James. iv. 1.
&hand; Hence is used, elliptically and imperatively, for go hence; depart hence; away; be gone. "Hence with your little ones." Shak. -- From hence, though a pleonasm, is fully authorized by the usage of good writers.<-- raus! -->
An ancient author prophesied from hence. Dryden.
Expelled from hence into a world Of woe and sorrow. Milton.

Hence

Hence (?), v. t. To send away. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Henceforth

Hence`forth" (?), adv. From this time forward; henceforward.
I never from thy side henceforth to stray. Milton.

Henceforward

Hence`for"ward (?), adv. From this time forward; henceforth.

Henchboy

Hench"boy` (?), n. A page; a servant. [Obs.]

Henchman

Hench"man (?), n.; pl. -men (#). [OE. hencheman, henxman; prob. fr. OE. & AS. hengest horse + E. man, and meaning, a groom. AS. hengest is akin to D. & G. hengst stallion, OHG. hengist horse, gelding.] An attendant; a servant; a follower. Now chiefly used as a political cant term.

Hencoop

Hen"coop` (?), n. A coop or cage for hens.

Hende

Hende (?), a. [OE., near, handy, kind, fr. AS. gehende near, fr. hand hand. See Handy.]

1. Skillful; dexterous; clever. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Friendly; civil; gentle; kind. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hendecagon

Hen*dec"a*gon (?), n. [Gr. hend\'82cagone.] (Geom.) A plane figure of eleven sides and eleven angles. [Written also endecagon.]

Hendecane

Hen"de*cane (?), n. [Gr. "e`ndeka eleven.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C11H24, of the paraffin series; -- so called because it has eleven atoms of carbon in each molecule. Called also endecane, undecane.

Hendecasyllabic

Hen*dec`a*syl*lab"ic (?), a. Pertaining to a line of eleven syllables.

Hendecasyllable

Hen*dec"a*syl`la*ble (?), n. [L. hendecasyllabus, Gr. hend\'82casyllabe.] A metrical line of eleven syllables. J. Warton.

Hendecatoic

Hen*dec`a*to"ic (?), a. [See Hendecane.] (Chem.) Undecylic; pertaining to, or derived from, hendecane; as, hendecatoic acid.

Hendiadys

Hen*di"a*dys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gram.) A figure in which the idea is expressed by two nouns connected by and, instead of by a noun and limiting adjective; as, we drink from cups and gold, for golden cups.

Hendy

Hen"dy (?), a. [Obs.] See Hende.

Henen

Hen"en (?), adv. Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Henfish

Hen"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A marine fish; the sea bream. (b) A young bib. See Bib, n., 2.

Heng

Heng (?), obs. imp. of Hang. Hung. Chaucer.

Hen-hearted

Hen"-heart`ed (?), a. Cowardly; timid; chicken-hearted. Udall.

Henhouse

Hen"house` (?), n.; pl. Henhouses. A house or shelter for fowls.

Henhussy

Hen"hus`sy (?), n. A cotquean; a man who intermeddles with women's concerns.

Heniquen

He*ni"quen (?), n. See Jeniquen.

Henna

Hen"na (?), n. [Ar. hinn\'be alcanna (Lawsonia inermis or alba). Cf. Alcanna, Alkanet, Orchanet.]

1. (Bot.) A thorny tree or shrub of the genus Lawsonia (L. alba). The fragrant white blossoms are used by the Buddhists in religious ceremonies. The powdered leaves furnish a red coloring matter used in the East to stain the hails and fingers, the manes of horses, etc.

2. (Com.) The leaves of the henna plant, or a preparation or dyestuff made from them.

Hennery

Hen"ner*y (?), n. An inclosed place for keeping hens. [U. S.]

Hennes

Hen"nes (?), adv. Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hennotannic

Hen`no*tan"nic (?), a. [Henna + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a brown resinous substance resembling tannin, and extracted from the henna plant; as, hennotannic acid.

Henoge ny, Henogenesis

He*nog"e* ny (?), Hen`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) Same as Ontogeny.

Henotheism

Hen"o*the*ism (?), n. [Gr. theism.] Primitive religion in which each of several divinities is regarded as independent, and is worshiped reference to the rest. [R.]

Henotic

He*not"ic (?), a. [Gr. Harmonizing; irenic. Gladstone.

Henpeck

Hen"peck` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Henpecked (?); p. pr. & vb. Henpecking.] To subject to petty authority; -- said of a wife who thus treats her husband. Commonly used in the past participle (often adjectively).

Henroost

Hen"roost` (?), n. A place where hens roost.

Henry

Hen"ry (?), n.; pl. Henrys. [From Joseph Henry, an American physicist.] The unit of electric induction; the induction in a circuit when the electro-motive force induced in this circuit is one volt, while the inducing current varies at the rate of one amp\'8are a second.

Hen's-foot

Hen's-foot` (, n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Caucalis daucoides).

Hent

Hent (?), v. t. [imp. Hente; p. p. Hent.] [OE. hente, henten, fr. AS. hentan, gehentan, to pursue, take, seize; cf. Icel. henda, Goth. hinpan (in compos.), and E. hunt.] To seize; to lay hold on; to catch; to get. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Spenser.
This cursed Jew him hente and held him fast. Chaucer.
But all that he might of his friendes hente On bookes and on learning he it spente. Chaucer.

Henware

Hen"ware` (?), n. (Bot.) A coarse, blackish seaweed. See Badderlocks.

Henxman

Henx"man (?), n. Henchman. [Obs.]

Hep

Hep (?), n. See Hip, the fruit of the dog-rose.

Hepar

He"par (?), n. [L. hepar, hepatis, the liver, Gr.

1. (Old Chem.) Liver of sulphur; a substance of a liver-brown color, sometimes used in medicine. It is formed by fusing sulphur with carbonates of the alkalies (esp. potassium), and consists essentially of alkaline sulphides. Called also hepar sulphuris (.

2. Any substance resembling hepar proper, in appearance; specifically, in homeopathy, calcium sulphide, called also hepar sulphuris calcareum ( Hepar antimonii ( (Old Chem.), a substance, of a liver-brown color, obtained by fusing together antimony sulphide with alkaline sulphides, and consisting of sulphantimonites of the alkalies; -- called also liver of antimony.

Hepatic

He*pat"ic (?), a. [L. hepaticus, Gr. jecur, Skr. yak: cf. F. h\'82patique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the liver; as, hepatic artery; hepatic diseases.

2. Resembling the liver in color or in form; as, hepatic cinnabar.

3. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the plants called Hepatic\'91, or scale mosses and liverworts. Hepatic duct (Anat.), any biliary duct; esp., the duct, or one of the ducts, which carries the bile from the liver to the cystic and common bile ducts. See Illust., under Digestive. -- Hepatic gas (Old Chem.), sulphureted hydrogen gas. -- Hepatic mercurial ore, ∨ Hepatic cinnabar. See under Cinnabar.

Hepatica

He*pat"i*ca (?), n.; pl. Hepatic\'91 (#). [NL. See Hepatic. So called in allusion to the shape of the lobed leaves or fronds.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of pretty spring flowers closely related to Anemone; squirrel cup.

2. (bot.) Any plant, usually procumbent and mosslike, of the cryptogamous class Hepatic\'91; -- called also scale moss and liverwort. See Hepatic\'91, in the Supplement.

Hepatical

He*pat"ic*al, a. Hepatic. [R.]

Hepatite

Hep"a*tite (?; 277), n. [L. hepatitis an unknown precious stone, Gr. h\'82patite.] (Min.) A variety of barite emitting a fetid odor when rubbed or heated.

Hepatitis

Hep`a*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the liver.

Hepatization

Hep`a*ti*za"tion (?), n.

1. (Chem.) Impregnating with sulphureted hydrogen gas. [Obs.]

2. [Cf. F. h\'82patisation.] (Med.) Conversion into a substance resembling the liver; a state of the lungs when gorged with effused matter, so that they are no longer pervious to the air.

Hepatize

Hep"a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hepatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hepatizing (?).] [Gr. hepatite, and (for sense 2) F. h\'82patiser.]

1. To impregnate with sulphureted hydrogen gas, formerly called hepatic gas.

On the right . . . were two wells of hepatized water. Barrow.

2. To gorge with effused matter, as the lungs.

Hepatocele

He*pat"o*cele (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) Hernia of the liver.

Hepatocystic

Hep`a*to*cys"tic (?), a. [Hepatic + cystic.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the liver and gall bladder; as, the hepatocystic ducts.

Hepatogastric

Hep`a*to*gas"tric (?), a. [Hepatic + gastric.] (Anat.) See Gastrohepatic.

Hepatogenic, Hepatogenous

Hep`a*to*gen"ic (?), Hep`a*tog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + root of gi`gnesthai to be born] (Med.) Arising from the liver; due to a condition of the liver; as, hepatogenic jaundice.

Hepatology

Hep`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + -logy.] The science which treats of the liver; a treatise on the liver.

Hepato-pancreas

Hep"a*to-pan"cre*as (?), n. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + E. pancreas.] (Zo\'94l.) A digestive gland in Crustacea, Mollusca, etc., usually called the liver, but different from the liver of vertebrates.

Hepatorenal

Hep`a*to*re"nal (?), a. [Hepatic + renal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the liver and kidneys; as, the hepatorenal ligament.

Hepatoscopy

Hep`a*tos"co*py (?), n. [Gr. "h^par, "h`patos, the liver + h\'82patoscopie.] Divination by inspecting the liver of animals.

Heppen

Hep"pen (?), a. [Cf. AS. geh\'91p fit, Icel. heppinn lucky, E. happy.] Neat; fit; comfortable. [Obs.]

Hepper

Hep"per (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A young salmon; a parr.

Hepta

Hep"ta (?). [See Seven.] A combining form from Gr. "epta`, seven.

Heptachord

Hep"ta*chord (?), n. [Gr. "epta`xordos seven-stringed; "epta` seven + xordh` chord: cf. F. heptacorde. See Seven, and Chord.]

1. (Anc. Mus.) (a) A system of seven sounds. (b) A lyre with seven chords.

2. (Anc. Poet.) A composition sung to the sound of seven chords or tones. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

Heptad

Hep"tad (?), n. [L. heptas the number seven. Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) An atom which has a valence of seven, and which can be theoretically combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, seven monad atoms or radicals; as, iodine is a heptad in iodic acid. Also used as an adjective.

Heptade

Hep"tade (?), n. [Cf. F. heptade. See Heptad.] The sum or number of seven.

Heptaglot

Hep"ta*glot (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven + 3, A book in seven languages.

Heptagon

Hep"ta*gon (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven + heptagone.] (Geom.) A plane figure consisting of seven sides and having seven angles.

Heptagonal

Hep*tag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. heptagonal.] Having seven angles or sides. Heptagonal numbers (Arith.), the numbers of the series 1, 7, 18, 34, 55, etc., being figurate numbers formed by adding successively the terms of the arithmetical series 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, etc.

Heptagynia

Hep`ta*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "epta` seven + heptagunie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an order of plants having seven pistils.

Heptagynian, Heptagynous

Hep`ta*gyn"i*an (?), Hep*tag"y*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. heptagyne.] (Bot.) Having seven pistils.

Heptahedron

Hep`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Hepta- + Gr. hepta\'8adre.] (Geom.) A solid figure with seven sides.

Heptamerous

Hep*tam"er*ous (?), a. [Hepta- + Gr. (Bot.) Consisting of seven parts, or having the parts in sets of sevens. Gray.

Heptandria

Hep*tan"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "epta` seven + heptandrie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants having seven stamens.

Heptandrian, Heptandrous

Hep*tan"dri*an (?), Hep*tan"drous (?), a. [Cf. F. heptandre.] (Bot.) Having seven stamens.

Heptane

Hep"tane (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) Any one of several isometric hydrocarbons, C7H16, of the paraffin series (nine are possible, four are known); -- so called because the molecule has seven carbon atoms. Specifically, a colorless liquid, found as a constituent of petroleum, in the tar oil of cannel coal, etc.

Heptangular

Hep*tan"gu*lar (?), a. [Hepta- + angular: cf. F. heptangulaire. Cf. Septangular.] Having seven angles.

Heptaphyllous

Hep*taph"yl*lous (?), a. [Hepta- + Gr. heptaphylle.] (Bot.) Having seven leaves.

Heptarch

Hep"tarch (?), n. Same as Heptarchist.

Heptarchic

Hep*tar"chic (?), a. [Cf. F. heptarchique.] Of or pertaining to a heptarchy; constituting or consisting of a heptarchy. T. Warton.

Heptarchist

Hep"tarch*ist (?), n. A ruler of one division of a heptarchy. [Written also heptarch.]

Heptarchy

Hep"tarch*y (?), n. [Hepta- + -archy: cf. F. heptarchie.] A government by seven persons; also, a country under seven rulers. &hand; The word is most commonly applied to England, when it was divided into seven kingdoms; as, the Saxon heptachy, which consisted of Kent, the South Saxons (Sussex), West Saxons (Wessex), East Saxons (Essex), the East Angles, Mercia, and Northumberland.

Heptaspermous

Hep`ta*sper"mous (?), a. [Hepta- + Gr. (Bot.) Having seven seeds.

Heptastich

Hep"ta*stich (?), n. [Hepta- + Gr. sti`chos line, verse.] (Pros.) A composition consisting of seven lines or verses.

Heptateuch

Hep"ta*teuch (?), n. [L. heptateuchos, Gr. "epta` seven + heptateuque.] The first seven books of the Testament.

Heptavalent

Hep*tav"a*lent (?), a. [Hepta- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having seven units of attractive force or affinity; -- said of heptad elements or radicals.

Heptene

Hep"tene (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) Same as Heptylene.

Heptine

Hep"tine (?), n. [Heptane + -ine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of unsaturated metameric hydrocarbons, C7H12, of the acetylene series.

Heptoic

Hep*to"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, heptane; as, heptoic acid.

Heptone

Hep"tone (?), n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C7H10, of the valylene series.

Hep tree

Hep" tree` (?). [See Hep.] The wild dog-rose.

Heptyl

Hep"tyl (?), n. [Hepta- + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, C7H15, regarded as the essential radical of heptane and a related series of compounds.

Heptylene

Hep"tyl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless liquid hydrocarbon, C7H14, of the ethylene series; also, any one of its isomers. Called also heptene.

Heptylic

Hep*tyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, heptyl or heptane; as, heptylic alcohol. Cf. .

Her

Her (?), pron. & a. [OE. hire, here, hir, hure, gen. and dat. sing., AS. hire, gen. and dat. sing. of h\'82o she. from the same root as E. he. See He.] The form of the objective and the possessive case of the personal pronoun she; as, I saw her with her purse out. &hand; The possessive her takes the form hers when the noun with which in agrees is not given, but implied. "And what his fortune wanted, hers could mend." Dryden.

Her, Here

Her, Here (
, pron. pl. [OE. here, hire, AS. heora, hyra, gen. pl. of h&emac;. See He.] Of them; their. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
On here bare knees adown they fall. Chaucer.

Heracleonite

He*rac"le*on*ite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Heracleon of Alexandria, a Judaizing Gnostic, in the early history of the Christian church.

Herakline

He*rak"line (?), n. [Gr. A picrate compound, used as an explosive in blasting.

Herald

Her"ald (?), n. [OE. herald, heraud, OF. heralt, heraut, herault, F. h\'82raut, LL. heraldus, haraldus, fr. (assumed) OHG. heriwalto, hariwaldo, a (civil) officer who serves the army; hari, heri, army + waltan to manage, govern, G. walten; akin to E. wield. See Harry, Wield.]

1. (Antiq.) An officer whose business was to denounce or proclaim war, to challenge to battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from the commander of an army. He was invested with a sacred and inviolable character.


Page 687

2. In the Middle Ages, the officer charged with the above duties, and also with the care of genealogies, of the rights and privileges of noble families, and especially of armorial bearings. In modern times, some vestiges of this office remain, especially in England. See Heralds' College (below), and King-at-Arms.

3. A proclaimer; one who, or that which, publishes or announces; as, the herald of another's fame. Shak.

4. A forerunner; a a precursor; a harbinger.

It was the lark, the herald of the morn. Shak.

5. Any messenger. "My herald is returned." Shak. Heralds' College, in England, an ancient corporation, dependent upon the crown, instituted or perhaps recognized by Richard III. in 1483, consisting of the three Kings-at-Arms and the Chester, Lancaster, Richmond, Somerset, Windsor, and York Heralds, together with the Earl Marshal. This retains from the Middle Ages the charge of the armorial bearings of persons privileged to bear them, as well as of genealogies and kindred subjects; -- called also College of Arms.

Herald

Her"ald (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heralded; p. pr. & vb. n. Heralding.] [Cf. OF. herauder, heraulder.] To introduce, or give tidings of, as by a herald; to proclaim; to announce; to foretell; to usher in. Shak.

Heraldic

He*ral"dic (?), a. [Cf. F. h\'82raldique.] Of or pertaining to heralds or heraldry; as, heraldic blazoning; heraldic language. T. Warton.

Heraldically

He*ral"dic*al*ly (?), adv. In an heraldic manner; according to the rules of heraldry.

Heraldry

Her"ald*ry (?), n. The art or office of a herald; the art, practice, or science of recording genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns armorial; also, of marshaling cavalcades, processions, and public ceremonies.

Heraldship

Her"ald*ship, n. The office of a herald. Selden.

Herapathite

Her"a*path*ite (?), n. [Named after Dr. Herapath, the discoverer.] (Chem.) The sulphate of iodoquinine, a substance crystallizing in thin plates remarkable for their effects in polarizing light.

Heraud

Her"aud (?), n. A herald. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Herb

Herb (?; 277), n. [OE. herbe, erbe, OF. herbe, erbe, F. herbe, L. herba; perh. akin to Gr. forbh` food, pasture, fe`rbein to feed.]

1. A plant whose stem does not become woody and permanent, but dies, at least down to the ground, after flowering. &hand; Annual herbs live but one season; biennial herbs flower the second season, and then die; perennial herbs produce new stems year after year.

2. Grass; herbage.

And flocks Grazing the tender herb. Milton.
Herb bennet. (Bot.) See Bennet. -- Herb Christopher (Bot.), an herb (Act\'91a spicata), whose root is used in nervous diseases; the baneberry. The name is occasionally given to other plants, as the royal fern, the wood betony, etc. -- Herb Gerard (Bot.), the goutweed; -- so called in honor of St. Gerard, who used to be invoked against the gout. Dr. Prior. -- Herb grace, ∨ Herb of grace. (Bot.) See Rue. -- Herb Margaret (Bot.), the daisy. See Marguerite. -- Herb Paris (Bot.), an Old World plant related to the trillium (Paris quadrifolia), commonly reputed poisonous. -- Herb Robert (Bot.), a species of Geranium (G. Robertianum.)

Herbaceous

Her*ba"ceous (?), a. [L. herbaceus grassy. See Herb.] Of or pertaining to herbs; having the nature, texture, or characteristics, of an herb; as, herbaceous plants; an herbaceous stem.

Herbage

Herb"age (?; 48), n. [F. See Herb.]

1. Herbs collectively; green food beasts; grass; pasture. "Thin herbage in the plaims." Dryden.

2. (Law.) The liberty or right of pasture in the forest or in the grounds of another man. Blount.

Herbaged

Herb"aged (?), a. Covered with grass. Thomson.

Herbal

Herb"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to herbs. Quarles.

Herbal

Herb"al (?), n.

1. A book containing the names and descriptions of plants. Bacon.

2. A collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved; a hortus siccus; an herbarium. Steele.

Herbalism

Herb"al*ism (?), n. The knowledge of herbs.

Herbalist

Herb"al*ist, n. One skilled in the knowledge of plants; a collector of, or dealer in, herbs, especially medicinal herbs.

Herbar

Herb"ar (?), n. An herb. [Obs.] Spenser.

Herbarian

Her*ba"ri*an (?), n. A herbalist.

Herbarist

Herb"a*rist (?), n. A herbalist. [Obs.]

Herbarium

Her*ba"ri*um (?), n.; pl. E. Herbariums (#), L. Herbaria (#). [LL., fr. L. herba. See Herb, and cf. Arbor, Herbary.]

1. A collection of dried specimens of plants, systematically arranged. Gray.

2. A book or case for preserving dried plants.

Herbarize

Herb"a*rize (?), v. t. See Herborize.

Herbary

Herb"a*ry (?), n. [See Herbarium.] A garden of herbs; a cottage garden. T. Warton.

Herber

Herb"er (?), n. [OF. herbier, LL. herbarium. See Herbarium.] A garden; a pleasure garden. [Obs.] "Into an herber green." Chaucer.

Herbergage

Her"berg*age (?), n. [See Harborage.] Harborage; lodging; shelter; harbor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Herbergeour

Her"ber*geour (?), n. [See Harbinger.] A harbinger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Herbergh, Herberwe

Her"bergh (?), Her"ber*we (
, n. [See Harbor.] A harbor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Herbescent

Her*bes"cent (?), a. [L. herbescens, p. pr. of herbescere.] Growing into herbs.

Herbid

Herb"id (?), a. [L. herbidus.] Covered with herbs. [Obs.] Bailey.

Herbiferous

Her*bif"er*ous (?), a. [Herb + -ferous: cf. F. herbif\'82re.] Bearing herbs or vegetation.

Herbist

Herb"ist (?), n. A herbalist.

Herbivora

Her*biv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. herba herb + vorare to devour.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of Mammalia. It formerly included the Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla, but by later writers it is generally restricted to the two latter groups (Ungulata). They feed almost exclusively upon vegetation.

Herbivore

Her"bi*vore (?), n. [Cf. F. herbivore.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Herbivora. P. H. Gosse.

Herbivorous

Her*biv"o*rous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Eating plants; of or pertaining to the Herbivora.

Herbless

Herb"less (?), a. Destitute of herbs or of vegetation. J. Warton.

Herblet

Herb"let (?), n. A small herb. Shak.

Herborist

Her"bo*rist (?), n. [F. herboriste.] A herbalist. Ray.

Herborization

Her`bo*ri*za"tion (?), n. [F. herborisation.]

1. The act of herborizing.

2. The figure of plants in minerals or fossils.

Herborize

Her"bo*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Herborized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Herborizing (?).] [F. herboriser, for herbariser, fr. L. herbarium. See Hebrarium.] To search for plants, or new species of plants, with a view to classifying them.
He herborized as he traveled. W. Tooke.

Herborize

Her"bo*rize, v. t. To form the figures of plants in; -- said in reference to minerals. See Arborized.
Herborized stones contain fine mosses. Fourcroy (Trans.)

Herborough

Her"bor*ough (?), n. [See Harborough, and Harbor.] A harbor. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Herbose, Herbous

Her*bose" (?), Herb"ous (?), a. [L. herbosus: cf. F. herbeux.] Abounding with herbs. "Fields poetically called herbose." Byrom.

Herb-woman

Herb"-wom`an (?), n.; pl. Herb-women (. A woman that sells herbs.

Herby

Herb"y (?), a. Having the nature of, pertaining to, or covered with, herbs or herbage. "Herby valleys." Chapman.

Hercogamous

Her*cog"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Not capable of self-fertilization; -- said of hermaphrodite flowers in which some structural obstacle forbids autogamy.

Herculean

Her*cu"le*an (?), a. [L. herculeus, fr. Hercules: cf. F. hercul\'82en. See Hercules.]

1. Requiring the strength of Hercules; hence, very great, difficult, or dangerous; as, an Herculean task.

2. Having extraordinary strength or size; as, Herculean limbs. "Herculean Samson." Milton.

Hercules

Her"cu*les (?), n.

1. (Gr. Myth.) A hero, fabled to have been the son of Jupiter and Alcmena, and celebrated for great strength, esp. for the accomplishment of his twelve great tasks or "labors."

2. (Astron.) A constellation in the northern hemisphere, near Lyra. Hercules' beetle (Zo\'94l.), any species of Dynastes, an American genus of very large lamellicorn beetles, esp. D. hercules of South America, which grows to a length of six inches. -- Hercules' club. (Bot.) (a) An ornamental tree of the West Indies (Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis), of the same genus with the prickly ash. (b) A variety of the common gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris). Its fruit sometimes exceeds five feet in length. (c) The Angelica tree. See under Angelica. -- Hercules powder, an explosive containing nitroglycerin; -- used for blasting.

Hercynian

Her*cyn"i*an (?), a. [L. Hercynia silva, Hercynius saltus, the Hercynian forest; cf. Gr. Of or pertaining to an extensive forest in Germany, of which there are still portions in Swabia and the Hartz mountains.

Herd

Herd (?), a. Haired. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Herd

Herd (?), n. [OE. herd, heord, AS. heord; akin to OHG. herta,G. herde, Icel. hj\'94r, Sw. hjord, Dan. hiord, Goth. ha\'a1rda; cf. Skr. \'87ardha troop, host.]

1. A number of beasts assembled together; as, a herd of horses, oxen, cattle, camels, elephants, deer, or swine; a particular stock or family of cattle.

The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea. Gray.
&hand; Herd is distinguished from flock, as being chiefly applied to the larger animals. A number of cattle, when driven to market, is called a drove.

2. A crowd of low people; a rabble.

But far more numerous was the herd of such Who think too little and who talk too much. Dryden.
You can never interest the common herd in the abstract question. Coleridge.
Herd's grass (Bot.), one of several species of grass, highly esteemed for hay. See under Grass.

Herd

Herd, n. [OE. hirde, herde, heorde, AS. hirde, hyrde, heorde; akin to G. hirt, hirte, OHG. hirti, Icel. hirir, Sw. herde, Dan. hyrde, Goth. ha\'a1rdeis. See 2d Herd.] One who herds or assembles domestic animals; a herdsman; -- much used in composition; as, a shepherd; a goatherd, and the like. Chaucer.

Herd

Herd, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Herded; p. pr. & vb. n. Herding.] [See 2d Herd.]

1. To unite or associate in a herd; to feed or run together, or in company; as, sheep herd on many hills.

2. To associate; to ally one's self with, or place one's self among, a group or company.

I'll herd among his friends, and seem One of the number. Addison.

3. To act as a herdsman or a shepherd. [Scot.]

Herd

Herd, v. t. To form or put into a herd.

Herdbook

Herd"book` (?), n. A book containing the list and pedigrees of one or more herds of choice breeds of cattle; -- also called herd record, or herd register.

Herder

Herd"er (?), n. A herdsman. [R.]

Herderite

Her"der*ite (?), n. [Named after Baron von Herder, who discovered it.] (Min.) A rare fluophosphate of glucina, in small white crystals.

Herdess

Herd"ess (?), n. A shepherdess; a female herder. Sir P. Sidney. Chaucer.

Herdgroom

Herd"groom` (?), n. A herdsman. [Obs.]

Herdic

Her"dic (?), n. [Named from Peter Herdic, the inventor.] A kind of low-hung cab.

Herdman, Herdsman

Herd"man (?), Herds"man (?), n.; pl. -men (. The owner or keeper of a herd or of herds; one employed in tending a herd of cattle.

Herdswoman

Herds"wom`an (?), n.; pl. -women (. A woman who tends a herd. Sir W. Scott.

Here

Here (?), n. Hair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Here

Here (?), pron.

1. See Her, their. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Her; hers. See Her. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Here

Here (?), adv. [OE. her, AS. h; akin to OS. h, D. hier, OHG. hiar, G. hier, Icel. & Goth. h, Dan. her, Sw. h\'84r; fr. root of E. he. See He.]

1. In this place; in the place where the speaker is; -- opposed to there.

He is not here, for he is risen. Matt. xxviii. 6.

2. In the present life or state.

Happy here, and more happy hereafter. Bacon.

3. To or into this place; hither. [Colloq.] See Thither.

Here comes Virgil. B. Jonson.
Thou led'st me here. Byron.

4. At this point of time, or of an argument; now.

The prisoner here made violent efforts to rise. Warren.
&hand; Here, in the last sense, is sometimes used before a verb without subject; as, Here goes, for Now (something or somebody) goes; -- especially occurring thus in drinking healths. "Here's [a health] to thee, Dick." Cowley. Here and there, in one place and another; in a dispersed manner; irregularly. "Footsteps here and there." Longfellow. -- It is neither, here nor there, it is neither in this place nor in that, neither in one place nor in another; hence, it is to no purpose, irrelevant, nonsense.<-- mostly used to mean "irrelevant" --> Shak.

Herea-bout, Hereabouts

Here"a-bout` (?), Here"a*bouts` (?), adv.

1. About this place; in this vicinity.

2. Concerning this. [Obs.]

Hereafter

Here*aft"er (?), adv. [AS. hr\'91fter.] In time to come; in some future time or state.
Hereafter he from war shall come. Dryden.

Hereafter

Here*aft"er, n. A future existence or state. <-- Syn. afterlife, the life to come, future life, eternal bliss, eternal reward, -->
'Tis Heaven itself that points out an hereafter. Addison.

Hereafterward

Here*aft"er*ward (?), adv. Hereafter. [Obs.]
Thou shalt hereafterward . . . come. Chaucer.

Here-at

Here-at" (?), adv. At, or by reason of, this; as, he was offended hereat. Hooker.

Hereby

Here*by" (?), adv.

1. By means of this.

And hereby we do know that we know him. 1 John ii. 3.

2. Close by; very near. [Obs.] Shak.

Hereditability

He*red`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. State of being hereditable. Brydges.

Hereditable

He*red"i*ta*ble (?), a. [LL. hereditabilis, fr. hereditare to inherit, fr. L. hereditas heirship inheritance, heres heir: cf. OF. hereditable. See Heir, and cf. Heritable.]

1. Capable of being inherited. See Inheritable. Locke.

2. Qualified to inherit; capable of inheriting.

Hereditably

He*red"i*ta*bly, adv. By inheritance. W. Tooke.

Hereditament

Her`e*dit"a*ment (?), n. [LL. hereditamentum. See Hereditable.] (Law) Any species of property that may be inherited; lands, tenements, anything corporeal or incorporeal, real, personal, or mixed, that may descend to an heir. Blackstone. &hand; A corporeal hereditament is visible and tangible; an incorporeal hereditament is not in itself visible or tangible, being an hereditary right, interest, or obligation, as duty to pay rent, or a right of way.

Hereditarily

He*red"i*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. By inheritance; in an hereditary manner. Pope.

Hereditary

He*red"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L. hereditarius, fr. hereditas heirship, inheritance, fr. heres heir: cf. F. h\'82r\'82ditaire. See Heir.]

1. Descended, or capable of descending, from an ancestor to an heir at law; received or passing by inheritance, or that must pass by inheritance; as, an hereditary estate or crown.

2. Transmitted, or capable of being transmitted, as a constitutional quality or condition from a parent to a child; as, hereditary pride, bravery, disease. Syn. -- Ancestral; patrimonial; inheritable.

Heredity

He*red"i*ty (?), n. [L. hereditas heirship.] (Biol.) Hereditary transmission of the physical and psychical qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants. See Pangenesis.

Hereford

Her"e*ford (?), n. One of a breed of cattle originating in Herefordshire, England. The Herefords are good working animals, and their beef-producing quality is excellent.

Herehence

Here"hence` (?), adv. From hence. [Obs.]

Herein

Here*in" (?), adv. [AS. hrinne.] In this.
Herein is my Father glorified, that ye bear much fruit. John xv. 8.

Hereinafter

Here`in*aft"er (?), adv. In the following part of this (writing, document, speech, and the like).

Hereinbefore

Here`in*be*fore", adv. In the preceding part of this (writing, document, book, etc.).

Hereinto

Here`in*to" (?; 277), adv. Into this. Hooker.

Heremit, Heremite

Her"e*mit (?), Her"e*mite (?), n. [See Hermit.] A hermit. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Heremitical

Her`e*mit"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a hermit; solitary; secluded from society. Pope.

Heren

Her"en (?), a. Made of hair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hereof

Here*of" (?), adv. Of this; concerning this; from this; hence.
Hereof comes it that Prince Harry is valiant. Shak.

Hereon

Here*on" (?), adv. On or upon this; hereupon.

Hereout

Here*out" (?), adv. Out of this. [Obs.] Spenser.

Heresiarch

Her"e*si*arch (?; 277), n. [L. haeresiarcha, Gr. h\'82r\'82siarque.] A leader in heresy; the chief of a sect of heretics. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Heresiarchy

Her"e*si*arch`y (?), n. A chief or great heresy. [R.]
The book itself [the Alcoran] consists of heresiarchies against our blessed Savior. Sir T. Herbert.

Heresiographer

Her`e*si*og"ra*pher (?), n. [See Heresiography.] One who writes on heresies.

Heresiography

Her`e*si*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. h\'82r\'82siographie.] A treatise on heresy.

Heresy

Her"e*sy (?), n.; pl. Heresies (#). [OE. heresie, eresie, OF. heresie, iresie, F. h\'82r\'82sie, L. haeresis, Gr.
Page 688

1. An opinion held in opposition to the established or commonly received doctrine, and tending to promote a division or party, as in politics, literature, philosophy, etc.; -- usually, but not necessarily, said in reproach.

New opinions Divers and dangerous, which are heresies, And, not reformed, may prove pernicious. Shak.
After the study of philosophy began in Greece, and the philosophers, disagreeing amongst themselves, had started many questions . . . because every man took what opinion he pleased, each several opinion was called a heresy; which signified no more than a private opinion, without reference to truth or falsehood. Hobbes.

2. (Theol.) Religious opinion opposed to the authorized doctrinal standards of any particular church, especially when tending to promote schism or separation; lack of orthodox or sound belief; rejection of, or erroneous belief in regard to, some fundamental religious doctrine or truth; heterodoxy.

Doubts 'mongst divines, and difference of texts, From whence arise diversity of sects, And hateful heresies by God abhor'd. Spenser.
Deluded people! that do not consider that the greatest heresy in the world is a wicked life. Tillotson.

3. (Law) An offense against Christianity, consisting in a denial of some essential doctrine, which denial is publicly avowed, and obstinately maintained.

A second offense is that of heresy, which consists not in a total denial of Christianity, but of some its essential doctrines, publicly and obstinately avowed. Blackstone.
&hand; "When I call dueling, and similar aberrations of honor, a moral heresy, I refer to the force of the Greek Coleridge.

Heretic

Her"e*tic (?), n. [L. haereticus, Gr. h\'82r\'82tique. See Heresy.]

1. One who holds to a heresy; one who believes some doctrine contrary to the established faith or prevailing religion.

A man that is an heretic, after the first and second admonition, reject. Titus iii. 10.

2. (R. C. Ch.) One who having made a profession of Christian belief, deliberately and pertinaciously refuses to believe one or more of the articles of faith "determined by the authority of the universal church." Addis & Arnold. Syn. -- Heretic, Schismatic, Sectarian. A heretic is one whose errors are doctrinal, and usually of a malignant character, tending to subvert the true faith. A schismatic is one who creates a schism, or division in the church, on points of faith, discipline, practice, etc., usually for the sake of personal aggrandizement. A sectarian is one who originates or is an ardent adherent and advocate of a sect, or distinct organization, which separates from the main body of believers.

Heretical

He*ret"i*cal (?), a. Containing heresy; of the nature of, or characterized by, heresy.

Heretically

He*ret"i*cal*ly, adv. In an heretical manner.

Hereticate

He*ret"i*cate (?), v. t. [LL. haereticatus, p. p. of haereticare.] To decide to be heresy or a heretic; to denounce as a heretic or heretical. Bp. Hall.
And let no one be minded, on the score of my neoterism, to hereticate me. Fitzed. Hall.

Heretification

He*ret`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of hereticating or pronouncing heretical. London Times.

Hereto

Here*to" (?), adv. To this; hereunto. Hooker.

Heretoch, Heretog

Her"e*toch (?), Her"e*tog (?), n. [AS. heretoga, heretoha; here army + te\'a2n to draw, lead; akin to OS. heritogo, OHG. herizogo, G. herzog duke.] (AS. Antiq.) The leader or commander of an army; also, a marshal. Blackstone.

Heretofore

Here`to*fore" (?), adv. Up to this time; hitherto; before; in time past. Shak.

Hereunto

Here`un*to" (?), adv. Unto this; up to this time; hereto.

Hereupon

Here`up*on" (?), adv. On this; hereon.

Herewith

Here*with" (?), adv. With this.

Herie

Her"ie (?), v. t. [See Hery.] To praise; to worship. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Heriot

Her"i*ot (?), n. [AS. heregeatu military equipment, heriot; here army + geatwe, pl., arms, equipments.] (Eng. Law) Formerly, a payment or tribute of arms or military accouterments, or the best beast, or chattel, due to the lord on the death of a tenant; in modern use, a customary tribute of goods or chattels to the lord of the fee, paid on the decease of a tenant. Blackstone. Bouvier. Heriot custom, a heriot depending on usage. -- Heriot service (Law), a heriot due by reservation in a grant or lease of lands. Spelman. Blackstone.

Heriotable

Her"i*ot*a*ble (?), a. Subject to the payment of a heriot. Burn.

Herisson

Her"is*son (?), n. [F. h\'82risson, prop., hedgehog.] (fort.) A beam or bar armed with iron spikes, and turning on a pivot; -- used to block up a passage.

Heritability

Her`it*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being heritable.

Heritable

Her"it*a*ble (?), a. [OF. h\'82ritable. See Heritage, Hereditable.]

1. Capable of being inherited or of passing by inheritance; inheritable.

2. Capable of inheriting or receiving by inheritance.

This son shall be legitimate and heritable. Sir M. Hale.
Heritable rights (Scots Law), rights of the heir; rights to land or whatever may be intimately connected with land; realty. Jacob (Law Dict.).

Heritage

Her"it*age (?), a. [OE. heritage, eritage, OF. heritage, eritage, F. h\'82ritage, fr. h\'82riter to inherit, LL. heriditare. See Hereditable.]

1. That which is inherited, or passes from heir to heir; inheritance.

Part of my heritage, Which my dead father did bequeath to me. Shak.

2. (Script.) A possession; the Israelites, as God's chosen people; also, a flock under pastoral charge. Joel iii. 2.

1 Peter v. 3.

Heritance

Her"it*ance (?), n. [OF. heritance.] Heritage; inheritance. [R.]
Robbing their children of the heritance Their fathers handed down Southey.

Heritor

Her"it*or (?), n. [Cf. LL. her, fr. L. heres an heir.] A proprietor or landholder in a parish. [Scot.]

Herl

Herl (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Harl, 2.

Herling, Hirling

Her"ling, Hir"ling (
, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The young of the sea trout. [Prov. Eng.]

Herma

Her"ma (?), n.; pl. Herm\'91 (#). [L.] See Hermes,

2.

Hermaphrodeity

Her*maph`ro*de"i*ty (?), n. Hermaphrodism. B. Jonson.

Hermaphrodism

Her*maph"ro*dism (?), n. [Cf. F. hermaphrodisme.] (Biol.) See Hermaphroditism.

Hermaphrodite

Her*maph"ro*dite (?), n. [L. hermaphroditus, Gr. Hermaphroditus, son of Hermes and Aphrodite, when bathing, became joined in one body with Salmacis, the nymph of a fountain in Caria: cf. F. hermaphrodite.] (Biol.) An individual which has the attributes of both male and female, or which unites in itself the two sexes; an animal or plant having the parts of generation of both sexes, as when a flower contains both the stamens and pistil within the same calyx, or on the same receptacle. In some cases reproduction may take place without the union of the distinct individuals. In the animal kingdom true hermaphrodites are found only among the invertebrates. See Illust. in Appendix, under Helminths.

Hermaphrodite

Her*maph"ro*dite, a. Including, or being of, both sexes; as, an hermaphrodite animal or flower. Hermaphrodite brig. (Naut.) See under Brig. Totten.

Hermaphroditic, Hermaphroditical

Her*maph`ro*dit"ic (?), Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al (?), a. (Biol.) Partaking of the characteristics of both sexes; characterized by hermaphroditism. -- Her*maph`ro*dit"ic*al*ly, adv.

Hermaphroditism

Her*maph"ro*dit*ism (?), n. (Biol.) The union of the two sexes in the same individual, or the combination of some of their characteristics or organs in one individual.

Hermeneutic, Hermeneutical

Her`me*neu"tic (?), Her`me*neu"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. herm\'82neutique.] Unfolding the signification; of or pertaining to interpretation; exegetical; explanatory; as, hermeneutic theology, or the art of expounding the Scriptures; a hermeneutic phrase.

Hermeneutically

Her`me*neu"tic*al*ly, adv. According to the principles of interpretation; as, a verse of Scripture was examined hermeneutically.

Hermeneutics

Her`me*neu"tics (?), n. [Gr. The science of interpretation and explanation; exegesis; esp., that branch of theology which defines the laws whereby the meaning of the Scriptures is to be ascertained. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

Hermes

Her"mes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Myth.) See Mercury. &hand; Hermes Trismegistus [Gr. 'Ermh^s trisme`gistos, lit., Hermes thrice greatest] was a late name of Hermes, especially as identified with the Egyptian god Thoth. He was the fabled inventor of astrology and alchemy.

2. (Arch\'91ology) Originally, a boundary stone dedicated to Hermes as the god of boundaries, and therefore bearing in some cases a head, or head and shoulders, placed upon a quadrangular pillar whose height is that of the body belonging to the head, sometimes having feet or other parts of the body sculptured upon it. These figures, though often representing Hermes, were used for other divinities, and even, in later times, for portraits of human beings. Called also herma. See Terminal statue, under Terminal.

Hermetic, Hermetical

Her*met"ic (?), Her*met"ic*al (?), a. [F. herm\'82tique. See Note under Hermes, 1.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or taught by, Hermes Trismegistus; as, hermetic philosophy. Hence: Alchemical; chemic. "Delusions of the hermetic art." Burke.

The alchemists, as the people were called who tried to make gold, considered themselves followers of Hermes, and often called themselves Hermetic philosophers. A. B. Buckley.

2. Of or pertaining to the system which explains the causes of diseases and the operations of medicine on the principles of the hermetic philosophy, and which made much use, as a remedy, of an alkali and an acid; as, hermetic medicine.

3. Made perfectly close or air-tight by fusion, so that no gas or spirit can enter or escape; as, an hermetic seal. See Note under Hermetically. Hermetic art, alchemy. -- Hermetic books. (a) Books of the Egyptians, which treat of astrology. (b) Books which treat of universal principles, of the nature and orders of celestial beings, of medicine, and other topics.

Hermetically

Her*met"ic*al*ly, adv.

1. In an hermetical manner; chemically. Boyle.

2. By fusion, so as to form an air-tight closure. &hand; A vessel or tube is hermetically sealed when it is closed completely against the passage of air or other fluid by fusing the extremity; -- sometimes less properly applied to any air-tight closure.

Hermit

Her"mit (?), n. [OE. ermite, eremite, heremit, heremite, F. hermite, ermite, L. eremita, Gr. Eremite.]

1. A person who retires from society and lives in solitude; a recluse; an anchoret; especially, one who so lives from religious motives.

He had been Duke of Savoy, and after a very glorious reign, took on him the habit of a hermit, and retired into this solitary spot. Addison.

2. A beadsman; one bound to pray for another. [Obs.] "We rest your hermits." Shak. Hermit crab (Zo\'94l.), a marine decapod crustacean of the family Pagurid\'91. The species are numerous, and belong to many genera. Called also soldier crab. The hermit crabs usually occupy the dead shells of various univalve mollusks. See Illust. of Commensal. -- Hermit thrush (Zo\'94l.), an American thrush (Turdus Pallasii), with retiring habits, but having a sweet song. -- Hermit warbler (Zo\'94l.), a California wood warbler (Dendroica occidentalis), having the head yellow, the throat black, and the back gray, with black streaks.

Hermitage

Her"mit*age (?; 48), n. [OE. hermitage, ermitage, F. hermitage, ermitage. See Hermit.]

1. The habitation of a hermit; a secluded residence. <-- (Capitalized) The name given by Catherine II to a part of the Czars' Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, now an art museum with a very large collection of old master paintings -->

Some forlorn and naked hermitage, Remote from all the pleasures of the world. Shak.

2. [F. Vin de l'Hermitage.] A celebrated French wine, both white and red, of the Department of Dr\'93me.

Hermitary

Her"mit*a*ry (?), n. [Cf. LL. hermitorium, eremitorium.] A cell annexed to an abbey, for the use of a hermit. Howell.

Hermitess

Her"mit*ess, n. A female hermit. Coleridge.

Hermitical

Her*mit"i*cal (?), a. Pertaining to, or suited for, a hermit. Coventry.

Hermodactyl

Her`mo*dac"tyl (?), n. [NL. hermodactylus, lit., Hermes' finger; fr. Gr. (med.) A heart-shaped bulbous root, about the size of a finger, brought from Turkey, formerly used as a cathartic.

Hermogenian

Her`mo*ge"ni*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A disciple of Hermogenes, and heretical teacher who lived in Africa near the close of the second century. He ha

Hern

Hern (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A heron; esp., the common European heron. "A stately hern." Trench.

Hernani

Her*na"ni (?), n. A thin silk or woolen goods, for women's dresses, woven in various styles and colors.

Herne

Herne (?), n. [AS. hyrne.] A corner. [Obs.]
Lurking in hernes and in lanes blind. Chaucer.

Hernia

Her"ni*a (?), n.; pl. E. Hernias (#), L. Herni\'91 (#). [L.] (Med.) A protrusion, consisting of an organ or part which has escaped from its natural cavity, and projects through some natural or accidental opening in the walls of the latter; as, hernia of the brain, of the lung, or of the bowels. Hernia of the abdominal viscera in most common. Called also rupture. Strangulated hernia, a hernia so tightly compressed in some part of the channel through which it has been protruded as to arrest its circulation, and produce swelling of the protruded part. It may occur in recent or chronic hernia, but is more common in the latter.

Hernial

Her"ni*al (?), a. Of, or connected with, hernia.

Herniotomy

Her`ni*ot"o*my (?), n. [Hernia + Gr. (Med.) A cutting for the cure or relief of hernia; celotomy.

Hernshaw

Hern"shaw (?), n. Heronshaw. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hero

He"ro (?), n.; pl. Heroes (#). [F. h\'82ros, L. heros, Gr.

1. (Myth.) An illustrious man, supposed to be exalted, after death, to a place among the gods; a demigod, as Hercules.

2. A man of distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, or fortitude in suffering; a prominent or central personage in any remarkable action or event; hence, a great or illustrious person.

Each man is a hero and oracle to somebody. Emerson.

3. The principal personage in a poem, story, and the like, or the person who has the principal share in the transactions related; as Achilles in the Iliad, Ulysses in the Odyssey, and \'92neas in the \'92neid.

The shining quality of an epic hero. Dryden.
Hero worship, extravagant admiration for great men, likened to the ancient worship of heroes.
Hero worship exists, has existed, and will forever exist, universally among mankind. Carlyle.

Herodian

He*ro"di*an (?), n. (Jewish Hist.) One of a party among the Jews, composed of partisans of Herod of Galilee. They joined with the Pharisees against Christ.

Herodiones

He*ro`di*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of wading birds, including the herons, storks, and allied forms. Called also Herodii. -- He*ro`di*o"nine (#), a.

Heroess

He"ro*ess (?), n. A heroine. [Obs.] Dryden.

Heroic

He*ro"ic (?), a. [F. h\'82ro\'8bque, L. hero\'8bcus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to, or like, a hero; of the nature of heroes; distinguished by the existence of heroes; as, the heroic age; an heroic people; heroic valor.

2. Worthy of a hero; bold; daring; brave; illustrious; as, heroic action; heroic enterprises.

3. (Sculpture & Painting) Larger than life size, but smaller than colossal; -- said of the representation of a human figure. Heroic Age, the age when the heroes, or those called the children of the gods, are supposed to have lived. -- Heroic poetry, that which celebrates the deeds of a hero; epic poetry. -- Heroic treatment ∨ remedies (Med.), treatment or remedies of a severe character, suited to a desperate case. -- Heroic verse (Pros.), the verse of heroic or epic poetry, being in English, German, and Italian the iambic of ten syllables; in French the iambic of twelve syllables; and in classic poetry the hexameter. Syn. -- Brave; intrepid; courageous; daring; valiant; bold; gallant; fearless; enterprising; noble; magnanimous; illustrious.

Heroical

He*ro"ic*al (?), a. Heroic. [R.] Spectator. -- He*ro"ic*al*ly, adv. -- He*ro"ic*al*ness, n.
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Heroicness

He*ro"ic*ness (?), n. Heroism. [R.] W. Montagu.

Heroicomic, Heroicomical

He`ro*i*com"ic (?), He`ro*i*com"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. h\'82ro\'8bcomigue. See Heroic, and Comic.] Combining the heroic and the ludicrous; denoting high burlesque; as, a heroicomic poem.

Heroine

Her"o*ine (?), n. [F. h\'82ro\'8bne, L. heroina, Gr. Hero.]

1. A woman of an heroic spirit.

The heroine assumed the woman's place. Dryden.

2. The principal female person who figures in a remarkable action, or as the subject of a poem or story.

Heroism

Her"o*ism (?; 277), n. [F. h\'82ro\'8bsme.] The qualities characteristic of a hero, as courage, bravery, fortitude, unselfishness, etc.; the display of such qualities.
Heroism is the self-devotion of genius manifesting itself in action. Hare.
Syn. -- Heroism, Courage, Fortitude, Bravery, Valor, Intrepidity, Gallantry. Courage is generic, denoting fearlessness or defiance of danger; fortitude is passive courage, the habit of bearing up nobly under trials, danger, and sufferings; bravery is courage displayed in daring acts; valor is courage in battle or other conflicts with living opponents; intrepidity is firm courage, which shrinks not amid the most appalling dangers; gallantry is adventurous courage, dashing into the thickest of the fight. Heroism may call into exercise all these modifications of courage. It is a contempt of danger, not from ignorance or inconsiderate levity, but from a noble devotion to some great cause, and a just confidence of being able to meet danger in the spirit of such a cause. Cf. Courage.

Heron

Her"on (?), n. [OE. heiroun, heroun, heron, hern, OF. hairon, F. h\'82ron, OHG. heigir; cf. Icel. hegri, Dan. heire, Sw. h\'84ger, and also G. h\'84her jay, jackdaw, OHG. hehara, higere, woodpecker, magpie, D. reiger heron, G. reiher, AS. hr&amac;gra. Cf. Aigret, Egret.] (Zo\'94l.) Any wading bird of the genus Ardea and allied genera, of the family Ardeid\'91. The herons have a long, sharp bill, and long legs and toes, with the claw of the middle toe toothed. The common European heron (Ardea cinerea) is remarkable for its directly ascending flight, and was formerly hunted with the larger falcons. &hand; There are several common American species; as, the great blue heron (Ardea herodias); the little blue (A. c\'d2rulea); the green (A. virescens); the snowy (A. candidissima); the night heron or qua-bird (Nycticorax nycticorax). The plumed herons are called egrets. Heron's bill (Bot.), a plant of the genus Erodium; -- so called from the fancied resemblance of the fruit to the head and beak of the heron.

Heroner

Her"on*er (?), n. A hawk used in hunting the heron. "Heroner and falcon." Chaucer.

Heronry

Her"on*ry (?), n. A place where herons breed.

Heronsew

Her"on*sew (?), n. A heronshaw. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Heronshaw

Her"on*shaw (?), n. [OF. heroncel, dim. of h\'82ron. See Heron.] (Zo\'94l.) A heron. [Written variously hernshaw, harnsey, etc.]

Hero\'94logist

He`ro*\'94l"o*gist (?), n. [Gr. One who treats of heroes. [R.] T. Warton.

Heroship

He"ro*ship (?), n. The character or personality of a hero. "Three years of heroship." Cowper.

Herpes

Her"pes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) An eruption of the skin, taking various names, according to its form, or the part affected; especially, an eruption of vesicles in small distinct clusters, accompanied with itching or tingling, including shingles, ringworm, and the like; -- so called from its tendency to creep or spread from one part of the skin to another.

Herpetic

Her*pet"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. herp\'82tique.] Pertaining to, or resembling, the herpes; partaking of the nature of herpes; as, herpetic eruptions.

Herpetism

Her"pe*tism (?), n. [See Herpes.] (Med.) See Dartrous diathesis, under Dartrous.

Herpetologic, Herpetological

Her*pet`o*log"ic (?), Her*pet`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to herpetology.

Herpetologist

Her`pe*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in herpetology, or the natural history of reptiles.

Herpetology

Her`pe*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Written also, but less properly, erpetology.] [Gr. -logy: cf. F. herp\'82tologie.] The natural history of reptiles; that branch of zo\'94logy which relates to reptiles, including their structure, classification, and habits.

Herpetotomist

Her`pe*tot"o*mist (?), n. One who dissects, or studies the anatomy of, reptiles.

Herpetotomy

Her`pe*tot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. The anatomy or dissection of reptiles.

Herr

Herr (?), n. A title of respect given to gentlemen in Germany, equivalent to the English Mister.

Herring

Her"ring (?), n. [OE. hering, AS. h\'91ring; akin to D. haring, G. h\'84ring, hering, OHG. haring, hering, and prob. to AS. here army, and so called because they commonly move in large numbers. Cf. Harry.] (Zo\'94l.) One of various species of fishes of the genus Clupea, and allied genera, esp. the common round or English herring (C. harengus) of the North Atlantic. Herrings move in vast schools, coming in spring to the shores of Europe and America, where they are salted and smoked in great quantities. Herring gull (Zo\'94l.), a large gull which feeds in part upon herrings; esp., Larus argentatus in America, and L. cachinnans in England. See Gull. -- Herring hog (Zo\'94l.), the common porpoise. -- King of the herrings. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The chim\'91ra (C. monstrosa) which follows the schools of herring. See Chim\'91ra. (b) The opah.

Heringbone

He"ring*bone" (?), a. Pertaining to, or like, the spine of a herring; especially, characterized by an arrangement of work in rows of parallel lines, which in the alternate rows slope in different directions. Herringbone stitch, a kind of cross-stitch in needlework, chiefly used in flannel. Simmonds.

Herrnhuter

Herrn"hut*er (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the Moravians; -- so called from the settlement of Herrnhut (the Lord's watch) made, about 1722, by the Moravians at the invitation of Nicholas Lewis, count of Zinzendorf, upon his estate in the circle of Bautzen.

Hers

Hers (?), pron. See the Note under Her, pr.

Hersal

Her"sal (?), n. Rehearsal. [Obs.] Spenser.

Herschel

Her"schel (?), n. (Astron.) See Uranus.

Herschelian

Her*sche"li*an (?), a. Of or relating to Sir William Herschel; as, the Herschelian telescope.

Herse

Herse (?), n. [F. herse harrow, portcullis, OF. herce, LL. hercia, L. hirpex, gen. hirpicis, and irpex, gen. irpicis, harrow. The LL. hercia signifies also a kind of candlestick in the form of a harrow, having branches filled with lights, and placed at the head of graves or cenotaphs; whence herse came to be used for the grave, coffin, or chest containing the dead. Cf. Hearse.]

1. (Fort.) A kind of gate or portcullis, having iron bars, like a harrow, studded with iron spikes. It is hung above gateways so that it may be quickly lowered, to impede the advance of an enemy. Farrow.

2. See Hearse, a carriage for the dead.

3. A funeral ceremonial. [Obs.] Spenser.

Herse

Herse, v. t. Same as Hearse, v. t. Chapman.

Herself

Her*self" (?), pron.

1. An emphasized form of the third person feminine pronoun; -- used as a subject with she; as, she herself will bear the blame; also used alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, it is herself; she blames herself.

2. Her own proper, true, or real character; hence, her right, or sane, mind; as, the woman was deranged, but she is now herself again; she has come to herself. By herself, alone; apart; unaccompanied.

Hersillon

Her"sil*lon (?), n. [F., fr. herse a harrow. See Herse, n.] (Fort.) A beam with projecting spikes, used to make a breach impassable.

Hert

Hert (?), n. A hart. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Herte

Her"te (?), n. A heart. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hertely

Her"te*ly, a. & adv. Hearty; heartily. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hery

Her"y (?), v. t. [AS. herian.] To worship; to glorify; to praise. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Hesitancy

Hes"i*tan*cy (?), n. [L. haesitantia a stammering.]

1. The act of hesitating, or pausing to consider; slowness in deciding; vacillation; also, the manner of one who hesitates.

2. A stammering; a faltering in speech.

Hesitant

Hes"i*tant (?), a. [L. haesitans, p. pr. of haesitare: cf. F. h\'82sitant. See Hesitate.]

1. Not prompt in deciding or acting; hesitating.

2. Unready in speech. Baxter.

Hesitantly

Hes"i*tant*ly, adv. With hesitancy or doubt.

Hesitate

Hes"i*tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hesitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hesitating.] [L. haesitatus, p. p. of haesitare, intens. fr. haerere to hesitate, stick fast; to hang or hold fast. Cf. Aghast, Gaze, Adhere.]

1. To stop or pause respecting decision or action; to be in suspense or uncertainty as to a determination; as, he hesitated whether to accept the offer or not; men often hesitate in forming a judgment. Pope.

2. To stammer; to falter in speaking. Syn. -- To doubt; waver; scruple; deliberate; demur; falter; stammer.

Hesitate

Hes"i*tate, v. t. To utter with hesitation or to intimate by a reluctant manner. [Poetic & R.]
Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike. Pope.

Hesitatingly

Hes"i*ta`ting*ly, adv. With hesitation or doubt.

Hesitation

Hes`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. haesitatio: cf. F. h\'82sitation.]

1. The act of hesitating; suspension of opinion or action; doubt; vacillation.

2. A faltering in speech; stammering. Swift.

Hesitative

Hes"i*ta*tive (?), a. Showing, or characterized by, hesitation.
[He said] in his mild, hesitative way. R. D. Blackmore.

Hesitatory

Hes"i*ta*to*ry (?), a. Hesitating. R. North.

Hesp

Hesp (?), n. [Cf. Icel. hespa a hasp, a wisp or skein. See Hasp.] A measure of two hanks of linen thread. [Scot.] [Written also hasp.] Knight.

Hesper

Hes"per (?), n. [See Hesperian.] The evening; Hesperus.

Hesperetin

Hes*per"e*tin (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline substance having a sweetish taste, obtained by the decomposition of hesperidin, and regarded as a complex derivative of caffeic acid.

Hesperian

Hes*pe"ri*an (?), a. [L. hesperius, fr. hesperus the evening star, Gr. Vesper.] Western; being in the west; occidental. [Poetic] Milton.

Hesperian

Hes*pe"ri*an, n. A native or an inhabitant of a western country. [Poetic] J. Barlow.

Hesperian

Hes*pe"ri*an, a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a family of butterflies called Hesperid\'91, or skippers. -- n. Any one of the numerous species of Hesperid\'91; a skipper.

Hesperid

Hes"per*id (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as 3d Hesperian.

Hesperidene

Hes*per"i*dene (?), n. [See Hesperidium.] (Chem.) An isomeric variety of terpene from orange oil.

Hesperides

Hes*per"i*des (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.) The daughters of Hesperus, or Night (brother of Atlas), and fabled possessors of a garden producing golden apples, in Africa, at the western extremity of the known world. To slay the guarding dragon and get some of these apples was one of the labors of Hercules. Called also Atlantides.

2. The garden producing the golden apples.

It not love a Hercules, Still climbing trees in the Hesperides? Shak.

Hesperidin

Hes*per"i*din (?), n. [See Hesperidium.] (Chem.) A glucoside found in ripe and unripe fruit (as the orange), and extracted as a white crystalline substance.

Hesperidium

Hes`pe*rid"i*um (?), n. [NL. So called in allusion to the golden apples of the Hesperides. See Hesperides.] (Bot.) A large berry with a thick rind, as a lemon or an orange.

Hesperornis

Hes`pe*ror"nis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of large, extinct, wingless birds from the Cretaceous deposits of Kansas, belonging to the Odontornithes. They had teeth, and were essentially carnivorous swimming ostriches. Several species are known. See Illust. in Append.

Hesperus

Hes"pe*rus (?), n. [L. See Hesper.]

1. Venus when she is the evening star; Hesper.

2. Evening. [Poetic]

The Sun was sunk, and after him the Star Of Hesperus. Milton.

Hessian

Hes"sian (?), a. Of or relating to Hesse, in Germany, or to the Hessians. Hessian boots, ∨ Hessians, boot of a kind worn in England, in the early part of the nineteenth century, tasseled in front. Thackeray. -- Hessian cloth, ∨ Hessians, a coarse hempen cloth for sacking. -- Hessian crucible. See under Crucible. -- Hessian fly (Zo\'94l.), a small dipterous fly or midge (Cecidomyia destructor). Its larv\'91 live between the base of the lower leaves and the stalk of wheat, and are very destructive to young wheat; -- so called from the erroneous idea that it was brought into America by the Hessian troops, during the Revolution.

Hessian

Hes"sian, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Hesse.

2. A mercenary or venal person. [U. S.] &hand; This use is a relic of the patriot hatred of the Hessian mercenaries who served with the British troops in the Revolutionary War.

3. pl. See Hessian boots and cloth, under Hessian, a.

Hessite

Hess"ite (?), n. [After H. Hess.] (Min.) A lead-gray sectile mineral. It is a telluride of silver.

Hest

Hest (?), n. [AS. hs, fr. h to call, bid. See Hight, and cf. Behest.] Command; precept; injunction. [Archaic] See Behest. "At thy hest." Shak.
Let him that yields obey the victor's hest. Fairfax.
Yet I thy hest will all perform, at full. Tennyson.

Hestern, Hesternal

Hes"tern (?), Hes*ter"nal (?), a. [L. hesternus; akin to heri yesterday.] Pertaining to yesterday. [Obs.] See Yester, a. Ld. Lytton.

Hesychast

Hes"y*chast (?), n. [Gr. One of a mystical sect of the Greek Church in the fourteenth century; a quietist. Brande & C.

Hetairism, Hetarism

He*tair"ism (?), Het"a*rism (?), n. [Gr. A supposed primitive state of society, in which all the women of a tribe were held in common. H. Spencer. -- Het`a*ris"tic (#), a.

Hetchel

Hetch"el (?), v. t. Same as Hatchel.

Hete

Hete (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hete, later Het.] Variant of Hote. [Obs.]
But one avow to greate God I hete. Chaucer.

Heteracanth

Het"er*a*canth (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the spines of the dorsal fin unsymmetrical, or thickened alternately on the right and left sides.

Heterarchy

Het"er*arch`y (?), n. [Hetero- + -archy.] The government of an alien. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Heterauxesis

Het`e*raux*e"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) Unequal growth of a cell, or of a part of a plant.

Hetero-

Het"er*o- (?). [Gr. "e`teros other.] A combining form signifying other, other than usual, different; as, heteroclite, heterodox, heterogamous.

Heterocarpism

Het`er*o*car"pism (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. (Bot.) The power of producing two kinds of reproductive bodies, as in Amphicarp\'91a, in which besides the usual pods, there are others underground.

Heterocarpous

Het`er*o*car"pous (?), a. (Bot.) Characterized by heterocarpism.

Hetercephalous

Het`er*ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Bot.) Bearing two kinds of heads or capitula; -- said of certain composite plants.

Heterocera

Het`e*roc"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Lepidoptera, including the moths, and hawk moths, which have the antenn\'91 variable in form.

Heterocercal

Het`er*o*cer"cal (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Anat.) Having the vertebral column evidently continued into the upper lobe of the tail, which is usually longer than the lower one, as in sharks.
Page 690

Heterocercy

Het"er*o*cer`cy (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. (anat.) Unequal development of the tail lobes of fishes; the possession of a heterocercal tail.

Heterochromous

Het`er*o*chro"mous (?; 277), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (bot.) Having the central florets of a flower head of a different color from those of the circumference.

Heterochronism, Heterochrony

Het`er*och"ro*nism (?), Het`er*och"ro*ny (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) In evolution, a deviation from the typical sequence in the formation of organs or parts.

Heteroclite

Het"er*o*clite, a. [L. heteroclitus, Gr. h\'82t\'82roclite.] Deviating from ordinary forms or rules; irregular; anomalous; abnormal.

Heteroclite

Het"er*o*clite, n.

1. (Gram.) A word which is irregular or anomalous either in declension or conjugation, or which deviates from ordinary forms of inflection in words of a like kind; especially, a noun which is irregular in declension.

2. Any thing or person deviating from the common rule, or from common forms. Howell.

Heteroclitic, Heteroclitical

Het`er*o*clit"ic (?), Het`er*o*clit"ic*al (?), a. [See Heteroclite.] Deviating from ordinary forms or rules; irregular; anomalous; abnormal.

Heteroclitous

Het`er*oc"li*tous (?), a. Heteroclitic. [Obs.]

Heterocyst

Het"er*o*cyst (?), n. [Hetero- + cyst.] (Bot.) A cell larger than the others, and of different appearance, occurring in certain alg\'91 related to nostoc.

Heterodactyl

Het`er*o*dac"tyl (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Heterodactylous. -- n. One of the Heterodactyl\'91.

Heterodactyl\'91

Het`e*ro*dac"ty*l\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of birds including the trogons.

Heterodactylous

Het`er*o*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the first and second toes turned backward, as in the trogons.

Heterodont

Het"er*o*dont (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Anat.) Having the teeth differentiated into incisors, canines, and molars, as in man; -- opposed to homodont.

Heterodont

Het"er*o*dont, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any animal with heterodont dentition.

Heterodox

Het"er*o*dox (?), a. [Gr. h\'82t\'82rodoxe.]

1. Contrary to, or differing from, some acknowledged standard, as the Bible, the creed of a church, the decree of a council, and the like; not orthodox; heretical; -- said of opinions, doctrines, books, etc., esp. upon theological subjects.

Raw and indigested, heterodox, preaching. Strype.

2. Holding heterodox opinions, or doctrines not orthodox; heretical; -- said of persons. Macaulay. -- Het"er*o*dox`ly, adv. -- Het"er*o*dox`ness, n.

Heterodox

Het"er*o*dox, n. An opinion opposed to some accepted standard. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Heterodoxal

Het"er*o*dox`al (?), a. Not orthodox. Howell.

Heterodoxy

Het"er*o*dox`y (?), n. [Gr. h\'82t\'82rodoxie.] An opinion or doctrine, or a system of doctrines, contrary to some established standard of faith, as the Scriptures, the creed or standards of a church, etc.; heresy. Bp. Bull.

Heterodromous

Het`er*od"ro*mous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr.

1. (Bot.) Having spirals of changing direction. Gray.

2. (Mech.) Moving in opposite directions; -- said of a lever, pulley, etc., in which the resistance and the actuating force are on opposite sides of the fulcrum or axis.

Heterogamous

Het`er*og"a*mous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. ga`mos marriage: cf. F. h\'82t\'82rogame.] (Bot. & Biol.) (a) The condition of having two or more kinds of flowers which differ in regard to stamens and pistils, as in the aster. (b) Characterized by heterogamy.

Heterogamy

Het`er*og"a*my (?), n. [See Heterogamous.]

1. (Bot.) The process of fertilization in plants by an indirect or circuitous method; -- opposed to orthogamy.

2. (Biol.) That form of alternate generation in which two kinds of sexual generation, or a sexual and a parthenogenetic generation, alternate; -- in distinction from metagenesis, where sexual and asexual generations alternate. Claus & Sedgwick.

Heterogangliate

Het`er*o*gan"gli*ate (?), a. [Hetero- + gangliate.] (Physiol.) Having the ganglia of the nervous system unsymmetrically arranged; -- said of certain invertebrate animals.

Heterogene

Het"er*o*gene (?), a. Heterogenous. [Obs.]

Heterogeneal

Het`er*o*ge"ne*al (?), a. Heterogeneous.

Heterogeneity

Het`er*o*ge*ne"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. h\'82t\'82rog\'82n\'82it\'82.] The state of being heterogeneous; contrariety.
The difference, indeed the heterogeneity, of the two may be felt. Coleridge.

Heterogeneous

Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous (?), a. [Gr. kin: cf. F. h\'82t\'82rog\'8ane.] Differing in kind; having unlike qualities; possessed of different characteristics; dissimilar; -- opposed to homogeneous, and said of two or more connected objects, or of a conglomerate mass, considered in respect to the parts of which it is made up. -- Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ly, adv. -- Het`er*o*ge"ne*ous*ness, n. Heterogeneous nouns (Gram.), nouns having different genders in the singular and plural numbers; as, hic locus, of the masculine gender in the singular, and hi loci and h\'91c loca, both masculine and neuter in the plural; hoc c\'91lum, neuter in the singular; hi c\'91li, masculine in the plural. -- Heterogeneous quantities (Math.), such quantities as are incapable of being compared together in respect to magnitude, and surfaces and solids. -- Heterogeneous surds (Math.), surds having different radical signs.

Heterogenesis

Het`er*o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Hetero- + genesis.]

1. (Biol.) Spontaneous generation, so called.

2. (Biol.) That method of reproduction in which the successive generations differ from each other, the parent organism producing offspring different in habit and structure from itself, the original form, however, reappearing after one or more generations; -- opposed to homogenesis, or gamogenesis.

Heterogenetic

Het`er*o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to heterogenesis; as, heterogenetic transformations.

Heterogenist

Het`er*og"e*nist (?), n. (Biol.) One who believes in the theory of spontaneous generation, or heterogenesis. Bastian.

Heterogenous

Het`er*og"e*nous (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to heterogenesis; heterogenetic.

Heterogeny

Het`er*og"e*ny (?), n. (Biol.) Heterogenesis.

Heterogonous

Het`er*og"o*nous (?), a. (Bot.) Characterized by heterogony. -- Het`er*og"o*nous*ly, adv.

Heterogony

Het`er*og"o*ny (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. (Bot.) The condition of having two or more kinds of flowers, different as to the length of their stamens and pistils.

Heterographic

Het`er*o*graph"ic (?), a. [See Heterography.] Employing the same letters to represent different sounds in different words or syllables; -- said of methods of spelling; as, the ordinary English orthography is heterographic.

Heterography

Het`er*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Hetero- + -graphy.] That method of spelling in which the same letters represent different sounds in different words, as in the ordinary English orthography; e. g., g in get and in ginger.

Heterogynous

Het`er*og"y*nous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having females very unlike the males in form and structure; -- as certain insects, the males of which are winged, and the females wingless.

Heterologous

Het`er*ol"o*gous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. Characterized by heterology; consisting of different elements, or of like elements in different proportions; different; -- opposed to homologous; as, heterologous organs. Heterologous stimulus. (Physiol.) See under Stimulus. -- Heterologous tumor (Med.), a tumor differing in structure from the normal tissues of the body.

Heterology

Het`er*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Hetero- + -logy.]

1. (Biol.) The absence of correspondence, or relation, in type of structure; lack of analogy between parts, owing to their being composed of different elements, or of like elements in different proportions; variation in structure from the normal form; -- opposed to homology.

2. (Chem.) The connection or relation of bodies which have partial identity of composition, but different characteristics and properties; the relation existing between derivatives of the same substance, or of the analogous members of different series; as, ethane, ethyl alcohol, acetic aldehyde, and acetic acid are in heterology with each other, though each in at the same time a member of a distinct homologous series. Cf. Homology.

Heteromera

Het`e*rom"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Coleoptera, having heteromerous tarsi.

Heteromerous

Het`er*om"er*ous (?), a. [See Heteromera.]

1. (Chem & Crystallog.) Unrelated in chemical composition, though similar or indentical in certain other respects; as, borax and augite are hom\'d2morphous, but heteromerous.

2. (Bot.) With the parts not corresponding in number.

3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the femoral artery developed as the principal artery of the leg; -- said of certain birds, as the cotingas and pipras. (b) Having five tarsal joints in the anterior and middle legs, but only four in the posterior pair, as the blister beetles and oil beetles.

Heteromorphic

Het`er*o*mor"phic (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Biol.) Deviating from the normal, perfect, or mature form; having different forms at different stages of existence, or in different individuals of the same species; -- applied especially to insects in which there is a wide difference of form between the larva and the adult, and to plants having more than one form of flower.

Heteromorphism, Heteromorphy

Het`er*o*mor"phism (?), Het`er*o*mor"phy (?), n. (Biol.) The state or quality of being heteromorphic.

Heteromorphous

Het`er*o*mor"phous (?), a. (Biol.) Heteromorphic.

Heteromyaria

Het`e*ro*my*a"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of bivalve shells, including the marine mussels, in which the two adductor muscles are very unequal. See Dreissena, and Illust. under Byssus.

Heteronereis

Het`e*ro*ne*re"is (?), n. [NL. See Hetero-, and Nereis.] (Zo\'94l.) A free-swimming, dimorphic, sexual form of certain species of Nereis. &hand; In this state the head and its appendages are changed in form, the eyes become very large; more or less of the parapodia are highly modified by the development of finlike lobes, and branchial lamell\'91, and their set\'91 become longer and bladelike.

Heteronomous

Het`er*on"o*mous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. no`mos law.] Subject to the law of another. Krauth-Fleming.

Heteronomy

Het`er*on"o*my (?), n.

1. Subordination or subjection to the law of another; political subjection of a community or state; -- opposed to autonomy.

2. (Metaph.) A term applied by Kant to those laws which are imposed on us from without, or the violence done to us by our passions, wants, or desires. Krauth-Fleming.

Heteronym

Het"er*o*nym (?), n. That which is heteronymous; a thing having a different name or designation from some other thing; -- opposed to homonym.

Heteronymous

Het`er*on"y*mous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. "o`nyma, for "o`noma a name.] Having different names or designations; standing in opposite relations. J. Le Conte. -- Het"er*on"y*mous*ly, adv.

Heteroousian

Het`er*o*ou`si*an (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. Having different essential qualities; of a different nature.

Heteroousian

Het`er*o*ou"si*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of those Arians who held that the Son was of a different substance from the Father.

Heteroousious

Het`er*o*ou"si*ous (?), a. See Heteroousian.

Heteropathic

Het`er*o*path"ic (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. Of or pertaining to the method of heteropathy; allopathic.

Heteropathy

Het`er*op"a*thy (?), n. [See Heteropathic.] (Med.) That mode of treating diseases, by which a morbid condition is removed by inducing an opposite morbid condition to supplant it; allopathy.

Heteropelmous

Het`er*o*pel"mous (?), a. [Hetero- + Gr. (Anat.) Having each of the two flexor tendons of the toes bifid, the branches of one going to the first and second toes; those of the other, to the third and fourth toes. See Illust. in Append.

Heterophagi

Het`e*roph"a*gi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Altrices.

Heterophemist

Het`er*oph"e*mist (?), n. One liable to the fault of heterophemy.

Heterophemy

Het`er*oph"e*my (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. The unconscious saying, in speech or in writing, of that which one does not intend to say; -- frequently the very reverse of the thought which is present to consciousness.<-- Freudian slip --> R. G. White.

Heterophony

Het`er*oph"o*ny (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. (Med.) An abnormal state of the voice. Mayne.

Heterophyllous

Het`er*oph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. h\'82t\'82rophylle.] (Bot.) Having leaves of more than one shape on the same plant.

Heteroplasm

Het"er*o*plasm (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. An abnormal formation foreign to the economy, and composed of elements different from those are found in it in its normal condition. Dunglison.

Heteroplastic

Het`er*o*plas"tic (?), a. [Hetero- + -plastic.] (Biol.) Producing a different type of organism; developing into a different form of tissue, as cartilage which develops into bone. Haeckel.

Heteropod

Het`er*o*pod (?), n. [Cf. F. h\'82t\'82ropode.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Heteropoda. -- a. Heteropodous.

Heteropoda

Het`e*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of pelagic Gastropoda, having the foot developed into a median fin. Some of the species are naked; others, as Carinaria and Atlanta, have thin glassy shells.

Heteropodous

Het`er*op"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Heteropoda.

Heteropter

Het`er*op"ter (?), n. One of the Heteroptera.

Heteroptera

Het`e*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Hemiptera, in which the base of the anterior wings is thickened. See Hemiptera.

Heteroptics

Het`er*op"tics (?), n. [Hetero- + optics.] False optics. Spectator.

Heteroscian

Het`er*os"cian (?), n. [Gr. h\'82t\'82roscien.] One who lives either north or south of the tropics, as contrasted with one who lives on the other side of them; -- so called because at noon the shadows always fall in opposite directions (the one northward, the other southward).

Heterosis

Het`e*ro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which one form of a noun, verb, or pronoun, and the like, is used for another, as in the sentence: "What is life to such as me?" Aytoun.

Heterosomati

Het`e*ro*so"ma*ti (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes, comprising the flounders, halibut, sole, etc., having the body and head asymmetrical, with both eyes on one side. Called also Heterosomata, Heterosomi.

Heterosporic, Heterosporous

Het`er*o*spor"ic (?), Het`er*o*spor"ous (?), a. [Hetero- + spore.] (Bot.) Producing two kinds of spores unlike each other.

Heterostyled

Het"er*o*styled (?), a. (Bot.) Having styles of two or more distinct forms or lengths. Darwin.

Heterostylism

Het`er*o*sty"lism (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being heterostyled.

Heterotactous

Het`er*o*tac"tous (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to, or characterized by, heterotaxy.

Heterotaxy

Het"er*o*tax`y (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. (Biol.) Variation in arrangement from that existing in a normal form; heterogenous arrangement or structure, as, in botany, the deviation in position of the organs of a plant, from the ordinary or typical arrangement.

Heterotopism, Heterotopy

Het`er*ot"o*pism (?), Het`er*ot"o*py (?), n. [Hetero- + Gr. h\'82t\'82rotopie.]

1. (Med.) A deviation from the natural position; -- a term applied in the case of organs or growths which are abnormal in situation.

2. (Biol.) A deviation from the natural position of parts, supposed to be effected in thousands of years, by the gradual displacement of germ cells.


Page 691

Heterotricha

Het`e*rot"ri*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of ciliated Infusoria, having fine cilia all over the body, and a circle of larger ones around the anterior end.

Heterotropal, Heterotropous

Het`er*ot"ro*pal (?), Het`er*ot"ro*pous (
, a. [Gr. "etero`tropos turning another way; h\'82t\'82rotrope.] (Bot.) Having the embryo or ovule oblique or transverse to the funiculus; amphitropous. Gray.

Hething

He"thing (?), n. Contempt; scorn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hetman

Het"man (?), n.; pl. Hetmans (#). [Pol. hetman. Cf. Ataman.] A Cossack headman or general. The title of chief hetman is now held by the heir to the throne of Russia.

Heugh

Heugh (?), n. [Cf. Hogh.]

1. A crag; a cliff; a glen with overhanging sides. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

2. A shaft in a coal pit; a hollow in a quarry. [Scot.]

Heuk

Heuk (?), n. Variant of Huke. [Obs.]

Heulandite

Heu"land*ite (?), n. [After Heuland, an English mineralogist.] (Min.) A mineral of the Zeolite family, often occurring in amygdaloid, in foliated masses, and also in monoclinic crystals with pearly luster on the cleavage face. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.

Heuristic

Heu*ris"tic (?), a. [Gr. Serving to discover or find out.

Heved

Hev"ed (?), n. The head. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hew

Hew (?), v. t. [imp. Hewed (?); p. p. Hewed or Hewn (; p. pr. & vb. n. Hewing.] [AS. he\'a0wan; akin to D. houwen, OHG. houwan, G. hauen, Icel. h\'94ggva, Sw. hugga, Dan. hugge, Lith. kova battle, Russ. kovate to hammer, forge. Cf. Hay cut grass, Hoe.]

1. To cut with an ax; to fell with a sharp instrument; -- often with down, or off. Shak.

2. To form or shape with a sharp instrument; to cut; hence, to form laboriously; -- often with out; as, to hew out a sepulcher.

Look unto the rock whence ye are hewn. Is. li. 1.
Rather polishing old works than hewing out new. Pope.

3. To cut in pieces; to chop; to hack.

Hew them to pieces; hack their bones asunder. Shak.

Hew

Hew, n. Destruction by cutting down. [Obs.]
Of whom he makes such havoc and such hew. Spenser.

Hew

Hew, n.

1. Hue; color. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Shape; form. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hewe

Hewe (?), n. [Cf. Hind a peasant.] A domestic servant; a retainer. [Obs.] "False homely hewe." Chaucer.

Hewer

Hew"er (?), n. One who hews.

Hewhole

Hew"hole` (?), n. [Cf. Hickwall.] (Zo\'94l.) The European green woodpecker. See Yaffle.

Hewn

Hewn (?), a.

1. Felled, cut, or shaped as with an ax; roughly squared; as, a house built of hewn logs.

2. Roughly dressed as with a hammer; as, hewn stone.

Hex-, Hexa

Hex- (?), Hex"a (#). [Gr. Six.] A prefix or combining form, used to denote six, sixth, etc.; as, hexatomic, hexabasic.

Hexabasic

Hex`a*ba"sic (?), a. [Hexa- + basic.] (Chem.) Having six hydrogen atoms or six radicals capable of being replaced or saturated by bases; -- said of acids; as, mellitic acid is hexabasic.

Hexacapsular

Hex`a*cap"su*lar (?), a. [Hexa- + capsular.] (Bot.) Having six capsules or seed vessels.

Hexachord

Hex"a*chord (?), n. [Hexa- + Gr. hexacorde.] (Mus.) A series of six notes, with a semitone between the third and fourth, the other intervals being whole tones.

Hexacid

Hex`ac"id (?), a. [Hex- + acid.] (Chem.) Having six atoms or radicals capable of being replaced by acids; hexatomic; hexavalent; -- said of bases; as, mannite is a hexacid base.

Hexactinellid

Hex*ac`ti*nel"lid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having six-rayed spicules; belonging to the Hexactinellin\'91.

Hexactinelline

Hex*ac`ti*nel"line (?), a. [From NL. Hexactinellin\'91, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Hexactinellin\'91, a group of sponges, having six-rayed siliceous spicules.

Hexactinia

Hex`ac*tin"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hex-, and Actinia.] (Zo\'94l.) The Anthozoa.

Hexad

Hex"ad (?), n. [L. hexas, hexadis, the number six, Gr. (chem.) An atom whose valence is six, and which can be theoretically combined with, substituted for, or replaced by, six monad atoms or radicals; as, sulphur is a hexad in sulphuric acid. Also used as an adjective.

Hexadactylous

Hex`a*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Gr. hexadactyle.] (Zo\'94l.) Having six fingers or toes.

Hexade

Hex"ade (?), n. [See Hexad.] A series of six numbers.

Hexadecane

Hex"a*dec`ane (?), n. (Chem.) See Hecdecane.

Hexagon

Hex"a*gon (?), n. [L. hexagonum, Gr. six) + (Geom.) A plane figure of six angles. Regular hexagon, a hexagon in which the angles are all equal, and the sides are also all equal.

Hexagonal

Hex*ag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. hexagonal.] Having six sides and six angles; six-sided. Hexagonal system. (Crystal.) See under Crystallization.

Hexagonally

Hex*ag"o*nal*ly, adv. In an hexagonal manner.

Hexagony

Hex*ag"o*ny (?), n. A hexagon. [Obs.] Bramhall.

Hexagynia

Hex`a*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. hexagynie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an order of plants having six pistils.

Hexagynian, Hexagynous

Hex`a*gyn"i*an (?), Hex*ag"y*nous (
, a. [Cf. F. hexagyne.] (Bot.) Having six pistils.

Hexahedral

Hex`a*he"dral (?), a. In the form of a hexahedron; having six sides or faces.

Hexahedron

Hex`a*he"dron (?), n.; pl. E. Hexahedrons (#), L. Hexahedra (#). [Hexa- + Gr. hexa\'8adre.] (Geom.) A solid body of six sides or faces. Regular hexahedron, a hexagon having six equal squares for its sides; a cube.

Hexahemeron

Hex`a*hem"er*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. hexa\'89meron, Gr.

1. A term of six days. Good.

2. The history of the six day's work of creation, as contained in the first chapter of Genesis.

Hexamerous

Hex*am"er*ous (?), a. [Hexa- + Gr. (Bot.) In six parts; in sixes.

Hexameter

Hex*am"e*ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. hexam\'8atre. See Six, and Meter.] (Gr. & Lat. Pros.) A verse of six feet, the first four of which may be either dactyls or spondees, the fifth must regularly be a dactyl, and the sixth always a spondee. In this species of verse are composed the Iliad of Homer and the \'92neid of Virgil. In English hexameters accent takes the place of quantity.
Leaped like the | roe when he | hears in the | woodland the | voice of the | huntsman. Longfellow.
Strongly it | bears us a- | long on | swelling and | limitless | billows, Nothing be- | fore and | nothing be- | hind but the | sky and the | ocean. Coleridge.

Hexameter

Hex*am"e*ter, a. Having six metrical feet, especially dactyls and spondees. Holland.

Hexametric, Hexametrical

Hex`a*met"ric (?), Hex`a*met"ric*al (?), a. Consisting of six metrical feet.

Hexametrist

Hex*am"e*trist (?), n. One who writes in hexameters. "The Christian hexametrists." Milman.

Hexandria

Hex*an"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. hexandrie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants having six stamens.

Hexandrian, Hex-androus

Hex*an"dri*an (?), Hex-an"drous (?), a. [Cf. F. hexandre.] (Bot.) Having six stamens.

Hexane

Hex"ane (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.)Any one of five hydrocarbons, C6H14, of the paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids, and are so called because the molecule has six carbon atoms.

Hexangular

Hex*an"gu*lar (?), a. [Hex- + angular. Cf. Sexangular.] Having six angles or corners.

Hexapetalous

Hex`a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Hexa- + petal: cf. F. hexap\'82tale.] (Bot.) Having six petals.

Hexaphyllous

Hex*aph"yl*lous (?), a. [Hexa- + Gr. hexaphylle.] (Bot.) Having six leaves or leaflets.

Hexapla

Hex"a*pla (?), n. Etym. pl., but syntactically sing. [NL., fr. Gr. A collection of the Holy Scriptures in six languages or six versions in parallel columns; particularly, the edition of the Old Testament published by Origen, in the 3d century.

Hexapod

Hex"a*pod (?), a. [Gr. hexapode.] Having six feet. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) An animal having six feet; one of the Hexapoda.

Hexapoda

Hex*ap"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) The true, or six-legged, insects; insects other than myriapods and arachnids. &hand; The Hexapoda have the head, thorax, and abdomen differentiated, and are mostly winged. They have three pairs of mouth organs, viz., mandibles, maxill\'91, and the second maxill\'91 or labial palpi; three pairs of thoracic legs; and abdominal legs, which are present only in some of the lowest forms, and in the larval state of some of the higher ones. Many (the Metabola) undergo a complete metamorphosis, having larv\'91 (known as maggots, grubs, caterpillars) very unlike the adult, and pass through a quiescent pupa state in which no food is taken; others (the Hemimetabola) have larv\'91 much like the adult, expert in lacking wings, and an active pupa, in which rudimentary wings appear. See Insecta. The Hexapoda are divided into several orders.

Hexapodous

Hex*ap"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having six feet; belonging to the Hexapoda.

Hexapterous

Hex*ap"ter*ous (?), a. [Hexa- + Gr. (Bot.) Having six processes. Gray.

Hexastich, Hexastichon

Hex"a*stich (?), Hex*as"ti*chon (?), n. [L. hexastichus of six rows, lines, or verses, Gr. "e`x six + sti`chos row, line, verse.] A poem consisting of six verses or lines.

Hexastyle

Hex"a*style (?), a. [Gr. hexastyle.] (Arch.) Having six columns in front; -- said of a portico or temple. -- n. A hexastyle portico or temple.

Hexateuch

Hex"a*teuch` (?), n. [Hexa- + The first six books of the Old Testament.

Hexatomic

Hex`a*tom"ic (?), a. [Hex- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having six atoms in the molecule. [R.] (b) Having six replaceable radicals.

Hexavalent

Hex*av"a*lent (?), a. [Hexa- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having a valence of six; -- said of hexads.

Hexdecyl

Hex"de*cyl (?), n. [Hex- + decyl.] (Chem.) The essential radical, C16H33, of hecdecane.

Hexdecylic

Hex`de*cyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hexdecyl or hecdecane; as, hexdecylic alcohol.

Hexeikosane

Hex*ei"ko*sane (?), n. [Hex- + eikosane.] (chem.) A hydrocarbon, C26H54, resembling paraffine; -- so called because each molecule has twenty-six atoms of carbon. [Written also hexacosane.]

Hexene

Hex"ene (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) Same as Hexylene.

Hexicology

Hex`i*col"ogy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science which treats of the complex relations of living creatures to other organisms, and to their surrounding conditions generally. <-- = ecology --> St. George Mivart.

Hexine

Hex"ine (?), n. [Gr. "e`x six.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C6H10, of the acetylene series, obtained artificially as a colorless, volatile, pungent liquid; -- called also hexoylene.

Hexoctahedron

Hex*oc`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Hex- + octahedron.] (Geom.) A solid having forty-eight equal triangular faces.

Hexoic

Hex*o"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hexane; as, hexoic acid.

Hexone

Hex"one (?), n. [Hex- + -one.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C6H8, of the valylene series, obtained from distillation products of certain fats and gums.

Hexyl

Hex"yl (?), n. [Hex- + -yl.] (chem.) A compound radical, C6H13, regarded as the essential residue of hexane, and a related series of compounds.

Hexylene

Hex"yl*ene (?), n. [Hex- + -yl + ethlene.] (Chem.) A colorless, liquid hydrocarbon, C6H12, of the ethylene series, produced artificially, and found as a natural product of distillation of certain coals; also, any one several isomers of hexylene proper. Called also hexene.

Hexylic

Hex*yl"ic (?), a. (chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hexyl or hexane; as, hexylic alcohol.

Hey

Hey (?), a. [See High.] High. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hey

Hey (?), interj. [OE. hei; cf. D. & G. hei.]

1. An exclamation of joy, surprise, or encouragement. Shak.

2. A cry to set dogs on. Shak.

Heyday

Hey"day` (?), interj. [Cf. G. heida, or hei da, D. hei daar. Cf. Hey, and There.] An expression of frolic and exultation, and sometimes of wonder. B. Jonson.

Heyday

Hey"day` (?), n. [Prob. for. high day. See High, and Day.] The time of triumph and exultation; hence, joy, high spirits, frolicsomeness; wildness.
The heyday in the blood is tame. Shak.
In the heyday of their victories. J. H. Newman.

Heydeguy

Hey"de*guy (?), n. [Perh. fr. heyday + guise.] A kind of country-dance or round. [Obs.] Spenser.

Heyh, Heygh

Heyh, Heygh (
, a. High. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Heyne

Heyne (?), n. [AS. he\'a0n low, mean.] A wretch; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Heyten

Hey"ten (?), adv. [Icel. h.] Hence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hiation

Hi*a"tion (?), n. [See Hiatus.] Act of gaping. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Hiatus

Hi*a"tus (?), n.; pl. L. Hiatus, E. Hiatuses (#). [L., fr. hiare, hiatum, to gape; akin to E. yawn. See Yawn.]

1. An opening; an aperture; a gap; a chasm; esp., a defect in a manuscript, where some part is lost or effaced; a space where something is wanting; a break.

2. (Gram.) The concurrence of two vowels in two successive words or syllables. Pope.

Hibernacle

Hi*ber"na*cle (?), n. [L. hibernaculum a winter residence, pl. hibernacula winter quarters: cf. F. hibernacle. See Hibernate.] That which serves for protection or shelter in winter; winter quarters; as, the hibernacle of an animal or a plant. Martyn.

Hibernaculum

Hi`ber*nac"u*lum (?), n. [See Hibernacle.]

1. (Bot.) A winter bud, in which the rudimentary foliage or flower, as of most trees and shrubs in the temperate zone, is protected by closely overlapping scales.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A little case in which certain insects pass the winter.

3. Winter home or abiding place. J. Burroughs.

Hibernal

Hi*ber"nal (?), a. [L. hibernalis, from the root of hiems winter; akin to Gr. hima cold, winter, snow: cf. F. hibernal.] Belonging or relating to winter; wintry; winterish. Sir T. Browne.

Hibernate

Hi"ber*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hibernated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hibernating (?).] [L. hibernare, hibernatum, fr. hibernu wintry. See Hibernal.] To winter; to pass the season of winter in close quarters, in a torpid or lethargic state, as certain mammals, reptiles, and insects.
Inclination would lead me to hibernate, during half the year, in this uncomfortable climate of Great Britain. Southey.

Hibernation

Hi`ber*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. hibernation.] The act or state of hibernating. Evelyn.

Hibernian

Hi*ber"ni*an (?), a. [L. Hibernia, Ireland.] Of or pertaining to Hibernia, now Ireland; Irish. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Ireland.

Hibernicism, Hibernianism

Hi*ber"ni*cism (?), Hi*ber"ni*an*ism (?), n. An idiom or mode of speech peculiar to the Irish. Todd.

Hiberno-Celtic

Hi*ber"no-Celt"ic (?), n. The native language of the Irish; that branch of the Celtic languages spoken by the natives of Ireland. Also adj.

Hibiscus

Hi*bis"cus (?), n. [L., marsh mallow; cf. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees), some species of which have large, showy flowers. Some species are cultivated in India for their fiber, which is used as a substitute for hemp. See Althea, Hollyhock, and Manoe.

Hiccius doctius

Hic"ci*us doc"ti*us (?). [Corrupted fr. L. hic est doctus this is a learned man.] A juggler. [Cant]<-- ==> hocus pocus --> Hudibras.
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Hiccough

Hic"cough (?; 277), n. [OE. hickup, hicket, hickock; prob. of imitative origin; cf. D. & Dan. hik, Sw. hicka, Armor. hak, hik, W. ig, F. hoquet.] (Physiol.) A modified respiratory movement; a spasmodic inspiration, consisting of a sudden contraction of the diaphragm, accompanied with closure of the glottis, so that further entrance of air is prevented, while the impulse of the column of air entering and striking upon the closed glottis produces a sound, or hiccough. [Written also hickup or hiccup.]

Hiccough

Hic"cough (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hiccoughed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hiccoughing.] To have a hiccough or hiccoughs.

Hickory

Hick"o*ry (?), n. [North American Indian pawcohiccora (Capt. J. Smith) a kind of milk or oily liquor pressed from pounded hickory nuts. "Pohickory" is named in a list of Virginia trees, in 1653, and this was finally shortened to "hickory." J. H. Trumbull.] (Bot.) An American tree of the genus Carya, of which there are several species. The shagbark is the C. alba, and has a very rough bark; it affords the hickory nut of the markets. The pignut, or brown hickory, is the C. glabra. The swamp hickory is C. amara, having a nut whose shell is very thin and the kernel bitter. Hickory shad. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The mattowacca, or fall herring. (b) The gizzard shad.

Hicksite

Hicks"ite (?), n. A member or follower of the "liberal" party, headed by Elias Hicks, which, because of a change of views respecting the divinity of Christ and the Atonement, seceded from the conservative portion of the Society of Friends in the United States, in 1827.

Hickup

Hick"up (?), n. & v. i. See Hiccough.

Hickwall, Hickway

Hick"wall` (?), Hick"way` (?), n. [OE., also hyghwhele, highawe.] The lesser spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus minor) of Europe. [Prov. Eng.]

Hid

Hid (?), imp. & p. p. of Hide. See Hidden.

Hidage

Hid"age (?), n. [From hide a quantity of land.] (O. Eng. Law.) A tax formerly paid to the kings of England for every hide of land. [Written also hydage.]

Hidalgo

Hi*dal"go (?), n. [Sp., contr. fr. hijo de algo, i. e., son of something; hijo son (fr. LL. filius) + algo something, fr. L. aliquod. Cf. Fidalgo.] A title, denoting a Spanish nobleman of the lower class.

Hidden

Hid"den (?), p. p. & a. from Hide. Concealed; put out of view; secret; not known; mysterious. Hidden fifths ∨ octaves (Mus.), consecutive fifths or octaves, not sounded, but suggested or implied in the parallel motion of two parts towards a fifth or an octave. Syn. -- Hidden, Secret, Covert. Hidden may denote either known to on one; as, a hidden disease; or intentionally concealed; as, a hidden purpose of revenge. Secret denotes that the thing is known only to the party or parties concerned; as, a secret conspiracy. Covert literally denotes what is not open or avowed; as, a covert plan; but is often applied to what we mean shall be understood, without openly expressing it; as, a covert allusion. Secret is opposed to known, and hidden to revealed.
Bring to light the hidden things of darkness. 1 Cor. iv. 5.
My heart, which by a secret harmony Still moves with thine, joined in connection sweet. Milton.
By what best way, Whether of open war, or covert guile, We now debate. Milton.

Hiddenite

Hid"den*ite (?), n. [After W. E. Hidden.] (Min.) An emerald-green variety of spodumene found in North Carolina; lithia emerald, -- used as a gem.

Hiddenly

Hid"den*ly (?), adv. In a hidden manner.

Hide

Hide (?), v. t. [imp. Hid (?); p. p. Hidden (?), Hid; p. pr. & vb. n. Hiding (?).] [OE. hiden, huden, AS. h; akin to Gr. house, hut, and perh. to E. hide of an animal, and to hoard. Cf. Hoard.]

1. To conceal, or withdraw from sight; to put out of view; to secrete.

A city that is set on an hill can not be hid. Matt. v. 15.
If circumstances lead me, I will find Where truth is hid. Shak.

2. To withhold from knowledge; to keep secret; to refrain from avowing or confessing.

Heaven from all creatures hides the book of fate. Pope.

3. To remove from danger; to shelter.

In the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion. Ps. xxvi. 5.
To hide one's self, to put one's self in a condition to be safe; to secure protection. "A prudent man foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself." Prov. xxii. 3. -- To hide the face, to withdraw favor. "Thou didst hide thy face, and I was troubled." Ps. xxx. 7. -- To hide the face from. (a) To overlook; to pardon. "Hide thy face from my sins." Ps. li. 9. (b) To withdraw favor from; to be displeased with. Syn. -- To conceal; secrete; disguise; dissemble; screen; cloak; mask; veil. See Conceal.

Hide

Hide, v. i. To lie concealed; to keep one's self out of view; to be withdrawn from sight or observation.
Bred to disguise, in public 'tis you hide. Pope.
Hide and seek, a play of children, in which some hide themselves, and others seek them. Swift.

Hide

Hide, n. [AS. h\'c6d, earlier h\'c6ged; prob. orig., land enough to support a family; cf. AS. h\'c6wan, h\'c6gan, members of a household, and E. hind a peasant.] (O. Eng. Law.) (a) An abode or dwelling. (b) A measure of land, common in Domesday Book and old English charters, the quantity of which is not well ascertained, but has been differently estimated at 80, 100, and 120 acres. [Written also hyde.]

Hide

Hide, n. [OE.hide, hude, AS. h; akin to D. huid, OHG, h, G. haut, Icel. h, Dan. & Sw. hud, L. cutis, Gr. scutum shield, and E. sky. .]

1. The skin of an animal, either raw or dressed; -- generally applied to the undressed skins of the larger domestic animals, as oxen, horses, etc.

2. The human skin; -- so called in contempt.

O tiger's heart, wrapped in a woman's hide! Shak.

Hide

Hide (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hided; p. pr. & vb. n. Hiding.] To flog; to whip. [Prov. Eng. & Low, U. S.]

Hidebound

Hide"bound` (?), a.

1. Having the skin adhering so closely to the ribs and back as not to be easily loosened or raised; -- said of an animal.

2. (Hort.) Having the bark so close and constricting that it impedes the growth; -- said of trees. Bacon.

3. Untractable; bigoted; obstinately and blindly or stupidly conservative. Milton. Carlyle.

4. Niggardly; penurious. [Obs.] Quarles.

Hideous

Hid"e*ous (?; 277), a. [OE. hidous, OF. hidous, hidos, hidus, hisdos, hisdous, F. hideux: cf. OF. hide, hisde, fright; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. egid\'c6 horror, or L. hispidosus, for hispidus rough, bristly, E. hispid.]

1. Frightful, shocking, or offensive to the eyes; dreadful to behold; as, a hideous monster; hideous looks. "A piteous and hideous spectacle." Macaulay.

2. Distressing or offensive to the ear; exciting terror or dismay; as, a hideous noise. "Hideous cries." Shak.

3. Hateful; shocking. "Sure, you have some hideous matter to deliver." Shak. Syn. -- Frightful; ghastly; grim; grisly; horrid; dreadful; terrible. -- Hid"e*ous*ly, adv. -- Hid"e*ous*ness, n.

Hider

Hid"er (?), n. One who hides or conceals.

Hiding

Hid"ing, n. The act of hiding or concealing, or of withholding from view or knowledge; concealment.
There was the hiding of his power. Hab. iii. 4.

Hiding

Hid"ing, n. A flogging. [Colloq.] Charles Reade.

Hie

Hie (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hying.] [OE. hien, hihen, highen, AS. higian to hasten, strive; cf. L. ciere to put in motion, call upon, rouse, Gr. cite.] To hasten; to go in haste; -- also often with the reciprocal pronoun. [Rare, except in poetry] "My husband hies him home." Shak.
The youth, returning to his mistress, hies. Dryden.

Hie

Hie, n. Haste; diligence. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hiems

Hi"ems (?), n. [L.] Winter. Shak.

Hierapicra

Hi"e*ra*pi"cra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (med.) A warming cathartic medicine, made of aloes and canella bark. Dunglison.

Hierarch

Hi"er*arch (?), n. [LL. hierarcha, Gr. ishiras vigorous, fresh, blooming) + hi\'82rarque.] One who has high and controlling authority in sacred things; the chief of a sacred order; as, princely hierarchs. Milton.

Hierarchal, Hierarchic

Hi"er*arch`al (?), Hi`er*arch"ic (?), a. Pertaining to a hierarch. "The great hierarchal standard." Milton.

Hierarchical

Hi`er*arch"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. hi\'82rarchique.] Pertaining to a hierarchy. -- Hi`er*arch`ic*al*ly, adv. <-- MW10 = "of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy" --> <-- 2. Pertaining to a transitive relation between objects by which they may be ordered into a hierarchy. -->

Hierarchism

Hi"er*arch`ism (?), n. The principles or authority of a hierarchy.
The more dominant hierarchism of the West. Milman.

Hierarchy

Hi"er*arch`y (?), n.; pl. Hierarchies (#). [Gr. hi\'82rarchie.]

1. Dominion or authority in sacred things.

2. A body of officials disposed organically in ranks and orders each subordinate to the one above it; a body of ecclesiastical rulers.

3. A form of government administered in the church by patriarchs, metropolitans, archbishops, bishops, and, in an inferior degree, by priests. Shipley.

4. A rank or order of holy beings.

Standards and gonfalons . . . for distinction serve Of hierarchies, of orders, and degrees. Milton.
<-- 5. Any group of objects ranked so that every one but the topmost is subordinate to a specified one above it. The ordering relation between each object and the one above is called a "hierarchical relation" -->

Hieratic

Hi`er*at"ic (?), a. [L. hieraticus, Gr. hi\'82ratique.] Consecrated to sacred uses; sacerdotal; pertaining to priests. Hieratic character, a mode of ancient Egyptian writing; a modified form of hieroglyphics, tending toward a cursive hand and formerly supposed to be the sacerdotal character, as the demotic was supposed to be that of the people.
It was a false notion of the Greeks that of the three kinds of writing used by the Egyptians, two -- for that reason called hieroglyphic and hieratic -- were employed only for sacred, while the third, the demotic, was employed for secular, purposes. No such distinction is discoverable on the more ancient Egyptian monuments; bur we retain the old names founded on misapprehension. W. H. Ward (Johnson's Cyc.).

Hierocracy

Hi`er*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. Government by ecclesiastics; a hierarchy. Jefferson.

Hieroglyph, Hieroglyphic

Hi"er*o*glyph (?), Hi`er*o*glyph"ic (?), n. [Cf. F. hi\'82roglyphe. See Hieroglyphic, a.]

1. A sacred character; a character in picture writing, as of the ancient Egyptians, Mexicans, etc. Specifically, in the plural, the picture writing of the ancient Egyptian priests. It is made up of three, or, as some say, four classes of characters: first, the hieroglyphic proper, or figurative, in which the representation of the object conveys the idea of the object itself; second, the ideographic, consisting of symbols representing ideas, not sounds, as an ostrich feather is a symbol of truth; third, the phonetic, consisting of symbols employed as syllables of a word, or as letters of the alphabet, having a certain sound, as a hawk represented the vowel a.

2. Any character or figure which has, or is supposed to have, a hidden or mysterious significance; hence, any unintelligible or illegible character or mark. [Colloq.]

Hieroglyphic, Hieroglyphical

Hi`er*o*glyph"ic (?), Hi`er*o*glyph"ic*al (?), a. [L. hieroglyphicus, Gr. hi\'82roglyphique.]

1. Emblematic; expressive of some meaning by characters, pictures, or figures; as, hieroglyphic writing; a hieroglyphic obelisk.

Pages no better than blanks to common minds, to his, hieroglyphical of wisest secrets. Prof. Wilson.

2. Resembling hieroglyphics; not decipherable. "An hieroglyphical scrawl." Sir W. Scott.

Hieroglyphically

Hi`er*o*glyph`ic*ally (?), adv. In hieroglyphics.

Hieroglyphist

Hi`er*og"ly*phist (?; 277), n. One versed in hieroglyphics. Gliddon.

Hierogram

Hi"er*o*gram (?), n. [Gr. -gram.] A form of sacred or hieratic writing.

Hierogrammatic

Hi`er*o*gram"mat"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hi\'82rogrammatique.] Written in, or pertaining to, hierograms; expressive of sacred writing. Bp. Warburton.

Hierogrammatist

Hi`er*o*gram"ma*tist (?), n. [Cf. F. hi\'82rogrammatiste.] A writer of hierograms; also, one skilled in hieroglyphics. Greenhill.

Hierographic, Hierographical

Hi`er*o*graph"ic (?), Hi`er*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [L. hierographicus, Gr. hi\'82rographique.] Of or pertaining to sacred writing.

Hierography

Hi`er*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. hi\'82rographie.] Sacred writing. [R.] Bailey.

Hierolatry

Hi`er*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The worship of saints or sacred things. [R.] Coleridge.

Hierologic, Hierological

Hi`er*o*log"ic (?), Hi`er*o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. hi\'82rologique.] Pertaining to hierology.

Hierologist

Hi`er*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in, or whostudies, hierology.

Hierology

Hi`er*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. hi\'82rologie.] A treatise on sacred things; especially, the science which treats of the ancient writings and inscriptions of the Egyptians, or a treatise on that science.

Hieromancy

Hi"er*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. hi\'82romantie.] Divination by observing the objects offered in sacrifice.

Hiermartyr

Hi"er*mar`tyr (?), n. [Gr. martyr.] A priest who becomes a martyr.

Hieromnemon

Hi`e*rom*ne"mon (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (gr. Antiq.)

1. The sacred secretary or recorder sent by each state belonging to the Amphictyonic Council, along with the deputy or minister. Liddel & Scott.

2. A magistrate who had charge of religious matters, as at Byzantium. Liddel & Scott.

Hieron

Hi"er*on (?), n. [Gr. A consecrateo place; esp., a temple.

Hieronymite

Hi`er*on"y*mite (?), n. [From St. Hieronymus, or Jerome.] (Eccl.) See Jeronymite.

Hierophant

Hi*er"o*phant (?; 277), n. [L. hierophanta, hierophantes, Gr. hi\'82rophante.] The presiding priest who initiated candidates at the Eleusinian mysteries; hence, one who teaches the mysteries and duties of religion. Abp Potter.

Hierophantic

Hi`er*o*phan"tic (?), a. [Gr. Of or relating to hierophants or their teachings.

Hieroscopy

Hi`er*os"co*py (?), n. [Gr. Divination by inspection of entrails of victims offered in sacrifice.

Hierotheca

Hi`er*o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. -c\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. A receptacle for sacred objects.

Hierourgy

Hi"er*our`gy (?), n. [Gr. A sacred or holy work or worship. [Obs.] Waterland.

Hifalutin

Hi`fa*lu"tin (?), n. See Highfaluting.

Higgle

Hig"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Higgled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Higgling (?).] [Cf. Haggle, or Huckster.]

1. To hawk or peddle provisions.

2. To chaffer; to stickle for small advantages in buying and selling; to haggle.

A person accustomed to higgle about taps. Jeffry.
To truck and higgle for a private good. Emerson.

Higgledy-piggledy

Hig`gle*dy-pig"gle*dy (?), adv. In confusion; topsy-turvy. [Colloq.] Johnson.

Higgler

Hig"gler (?), n. One who higgles.

High

High (?), v. i. [See Hie.] To hie. [Obs.]
Men must high them apace, and make haste. Holland.

High

High (?), a. [Compar. Higher (?); superl. Highest.] [OE. high, hegh, hey, heh, AS. he\'a0h, h; akin to OS. hh, OFries. hag, hach, D. hoog, OHG. hh, G. hoch, Icel. hr, Sw. h\'94g, Dan. h\'94i, Goth. hauhs, and to Icel. haugr mound, G. h\'81gel hill, Lith. kaukaras.]

1. Elevated above any starting point of measurement, as a line, or surface; having altitude; lifted up; raised or extended in the direction of the zenith; lofty; tall; as, a high mountain, tower, tree; the sun is high.

2. Regarded as raised up or elevated; distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; superior; -- used indefinitely or relatively, and often in figurative senses, which are understood from the connection; as - (a) Elevated in character or quality, whether moral or intellectual; pre\'89minent; honorable; as, high aims, or motives. "The highest faculty of the soul." Baxter. (b) Exalted in social standing or general estimation, or in rank, reputation, office, and the like; dignified; as, she was welcomed in the highest circles.

He was a wight of high renown. Shak.
(c) Of noble birth; illustrious; as, of high family. (d) Of great strength, force, importance, and the like; strong; mighty; powerful; violent; sometimes, triumphant; victorious; majestic, etc.; as, a high wind; high passions. "With rather a high manner." Thackeray.
Strong is thy hand, and high is thy right hand. Ps. lxxxix. 13.
Can heavenly minds such high resentment show? Dryden.

Page 693

(e) Very abstract; difficult to comprehend or surmount; grand; noble.

Both meet to hear and answer such high things. Shak.
Plain living and high thinking are no more. Wordsworth.
(f) Costly; dear in price; extravagant; as, to hold goods at a high price.
If they must be good at so high a rate, they know they may be safe at a cheaper. South.
(g) Arrogant; lofty; boastful; proud; ostentatious; -- used in a bad sense.
An high look and a proud heart . . . is sin. Prov. xxi. 4.
His forces, after all the high discourses, amounted really but to eighteen hundred foot. Clarendon.

3. Possessing a characteristic quality in a supreme or superior degree; as, high (i. e., intense) heat; high (i. e., full or quite) noon; high (i. e., rich or spicy) seasoning; high (i. e., complete) pleasure; high (i. e., deep or vivid) color; high (i. e., extensive, thorough) scholarship, etc.

High time it is this war now ended were. Spenser.
High sauces and spices are fetched from the Indies. Baker.

4. (Cookery) Strong-scented; slightly tainted; as, epicures do not cook game before it is high.

5. (Mus.) Acute or sharp; -- opposed to grave or low; as, a high note.

6. (Phon.) Made with a high position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate, as &emac; (&emac;ve), &oomac; (f&oomac;d). See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 10, 11. High admiral, the chief admiral. -- High altar, the principal altar in a church. -- High and dry, out of water; out of reach of the current or tide; -- said of a vessel, aground or beached. -- High and mighty arrogant; overbearing. [Colloq.] -- High art, art which deals with lofty and dignified subjects and is characterized by an elevated style avoiding all meretricious display. -- High bailiff, the chief bailiff. -- High Church, ∧ Low Church, two ecclesiastical parties in the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church. The high-churchmen emphasize the doctrine of the apostolic succession, and hold, in general, to a sacramental presence in the Eucharist, to baptismal regeneration, and to the sole validity of Episcopal ordination. They attach much importance to ceremonies and symbols in worship. Low-churchmen lay less stress on these points, and, in many instances, reject altogether the peculiar tenets of the high-church school. See Broad Church. -- High constable (Law), a chief of constabulary. See Constable, n., 2. -- High commission court,a court of ecclesiastical jurisdiction in England erected and united to the regal power by Queen Elizabeth in 1559. On account of the abuse of its powers it was abolished in 1641. -- High day (Script.), a holy or feast day. John xix. 31. -- High festival (Eccl.), a festival to be observed with full ceremonial. -- High German, ∨ High Dutch. See under German. -- High jinks, an old Scottish pastime; hence, noisy revelry; wild sport. [Colloq.] "All the high jinks of the county, when the lad comes of age." F. Harrison. -- High latitude (Geog.), one designated by the higher figures; consequently, a latitude remote from the equator. -- High life, life among the aristocracy or the rich. -- High liver, one who indulges in a rich diet. -- High living, a feeding upon rich, pampering food. -- High Mass. (R. C. Ch.) See under Mass. -- High milling, a process of making flour from grain by several successive grindings and intermediate sorting, instead of by a single grinding. -- High noon, the time when the sun is in the meridian. -- High place (Script.), an eminence or mound on which sacrifices were offered. -- High priest. See in the Vocabulary. -- High relief. (Fine Arts) See Alto-rilievo. -- High school. See under School. High seas (Law), the open sea; the part of the ocean not in the territorial waters of any particular sovereignty, usually distant three miles or more from the coast line. Wharton. -- High steam, steam having a high pressure. -- High steward, the chief steward. -- High tea, tea with meats and extra relishes. -- High tide, the greatest flow of the tide; high water. -- High time. (a) Quite time; full time for the occasion. (b) A time of great excitement or enjoyment; a carousal. [Slang] -- High treason, treason against the sovereign or the state, the highest civil offense. See Treason. &hand; It is now sufficient to speak of high treason as treason simply, seeing that petty treason, as a distinct offense, has been abolished. Mozley & W. -- High water, the utmost flow or greatest elevation of the tide; also, the time of such elevation. -- High-water mark. (a) That line of the seashore to which the waters ordinarily reach at high water. (b) A mark showing the highest level reached by water in a river or other body of fresh water, as in time of freshet. -- High-water shrub (Bot.), a composite shrub (Iva frutescens), growing in salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United States. -- High wine, distilled spirits containing a high percentage of alcohol; -- usually in the plural. -- To be on a high horse, to be on one's dignity; to bear one's self loftily. [Colloq.] -- With a high hand. (a) With power; in force; triumphantly. "The children of Israel went out with a high hand." Ex. xiv. 8.(b) In an overbearing manner, arbitrarily. "They governed the city with a high hand." Jowett (Thucyd. ). Syn. -- Tall; lofty; elevated; noble; exalted; supercilious; proud; violent; full; dear. See Tall.

High

High (?), adv. In a high manner; in a high place; to a great altitude; to a great degree; largely; in a superior manner; eminently; powerfully. "And reasoned high." Milton. "I can not reach so high." Shak. &hand; High is extensively used in the formation of compound words, most of which are of very obvious signification; as, high-aimed, high-arched, high-aspiring, high-bearing, high-boasting, high-browed, high-crested, high-crowned, high-designing, high-engendered, high-feeding, high-flaming, high-flavored, high-gazing, high-heaped, high-heeled, high-priced, high-reared, high-resolved, high-rigged, high-seated, high-shouldered, high-soaring, high-towering, high-voiced, and the like. High and low, everywhere; in all supposable places; as, I hunted high and low. [Colloq.]

High

High, n.

1. An elevated place; a superior region; a height; the sky; heaven.

2. People of rank or high station; as, high and low.

3. (Card Playing) The highest card dealt or drawn. High, low, jack, and the game, a game at cards; -- also called all fours, old sledge, and seven up. -- In high and low, utterly; completely; in every respect. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- On high, aloft; above.

The dayspring from on high hath visited us. Luke i. 78.
-- The Most High, the Supreme Being; God.

High

High (?), v. i. To rise; as, the sun higheth. [Obs.]

Highbinder

High"bind`er (?), n. A ruffian; one who hounds, or spies upon, another; app. esp. to the members of certain alleged societies among the Chinese. [U. S.]

High-blown

High"-blown` (?), a. Inflated, as with conceit.

Highborn

High"born` (?), a. Of noble birth. Shak.

High-bred

High"-bred` (?), a. Bred in high life; of pure blood. Byron.

High-built

High"-built` (?), a. Of lofty structure; tall. "High-built organs." Tennyson.
The high-built elephant his castle rears. Creech.

High-church

High"-church` (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or favoring, the party called the High Church, or their doctrines or policy. See High Church, under High, a.

High-churchism

High"-church`ism (?), n. The principles of the high-church party.

High-churchman

High"-church`man (?), n.; pl. -men (. One who holds high-church principles.

High-churchman-ship

High"-church`man-ship, n. The state of being a high-churchman. J. H. Newman.

High-colored

High"-col`ored (?), a.

1. Having a strong, deep, or glaring color; flushed. Shak.

2. Vivid; strong or forcible in representation; hence, exaggerated; as, high-colored description.

High-embowed

High"-em*bowed ` (?), a. Having lofty arches. "The high-embowed roof." Milton.

Highering

High"er*ing (?), a. Rising higher; ascending.
In ever highering eagle circles. Tennyson.

Highfaluting

High`fa*lu"ting (?), n. [Perh. a corruption of highflighting.] High-flown, bombastic language. [Written also hifalutin.] [Jocular, U. S.] Lowell. <-- also adjective, meaning pretentious -->

High-fed

High"-fed` (?), a. Pampered; fed luxuriously.

High-finished

High"-fin`ished (?), a. Finished with great care; polished.

Highflier

High"fli`er (?), n. One who is extravagant in pretensions, opinions, or manners. Swift.

High-flown

High"-flown` (?), a.

1. Elevated; proud. "High-flown hopes." Denham.

2. Turgid; extravagant; bombastic; inflated; as, high-flown language. M. Arnold.

High-flushed

High"-flushed` (?), a. Elated. Young.

Highflying

High"fly`ing (?), a. Extravagant in opinions or ambition. "Highflying, arbitrary kings." Dryden.

High-go

High"-go` (?), n. A spree; a revel. [Low]

High-handed

High"-hand`ed (?), a. Overbearing; oppressive; arbitrary; violent; as, a high-handed act.

High-hearted

High"-heart`ed (?), a. Full of courage or nobleness; high-souled. -- High"-heart`ed*ness, n.

High-hoe

High"-hoe` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European green woodpecker or yaffle. [Written also high-hoo.]

High-holder

High"-hold`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The flicker; -- called also high-hole. [Local, U. S.]

Highland

High"land (?), n. Elevated or mountainous land; (often in the pl.) an elevated region or country; as, the Highlands of Scotland. Highland fling, a dance peculiar to the Scottish Highlanders; a sort of hornpipe.

Highlander

High"land*er (?), n. An inhabitant of highlands, especially of the Highlands of Scotland.

Highlandry

High"land*ry (?), n. Highlanders, collectively.

High-low

High"-low` (?), n. A laced boot, ankle high.

Highly

High"ly, adv. In a high manner, or to a high degree; very much; as, highly esteemed.

Highmen

High"men (?), n. pl. Loaded dice so contrived as to turn up high numbers. [Obs] Sir J. Harrington.

High-mettled

High"-met`tled (?), a. Having abundance of mettle; ardent; full of fire; as, a high-mettled steed.

High-minded

High"-mind"ed (?), a.

1. Proud; arrogant. [Obs.]

Be not high-minded, but fear. Rom. xi. 20.

2. Having, or characterized by, honorable pride; of or pertaining to elevated principles and feelings; magnanimous; -- opposed to mean.

High-minded, manly recognition of those truths. A. Norton.

High-mindedness

High"-mind`ed*ness, n. The quality of being highminded; nobleness; magnanimity.

Highmost

High"most` (?), a. Highest. [Obs.] Shak.

Highness

High"ness, n. [AS. he\'a0hnes.]

1. The state of being high; elevation; loftiness.

2. A title of honor given to kings, princes, or other persons of rank; as, His Royal Highness. Shak.

High-palmed

High"-palmed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having high antlers; bearing full-grown antlers aloft.

High-pressure

High"-pres`sure (?; 135), a.

1. Having or involving a pressure greatly exceeding that of the atmosphere; -- said of steam, air, water, etc., and of steam, air, or hydraulic engines, water wheels, etc.

2. Fig.: Urgent; intense; as, a high-pressure business or social life. High-pressure engine, an engine in which steam at high pressure is used. It may be either a condensing or a noncondensing engine. Formerly the term was used only of the latter. See Steam engine.

High priest

High" priest` (?). (Eccl.) A chief priest; esp., the head of the Jewish priesthood.

High-priesthood

High"-priest`hood (?), n. The office, dignity, or position of a high priest.

High-priestship

High"-priest`ship, n. High-priesthood.

High-principled

High"-prin`ci*pled (?), a. Possessed of noble or honorable principles.

High-proof

High"-proof` (?), a.

1. Highly rectified; very strongly alcoholic; as, high-proof spirits.

2. So as to stand any test. "We are high-proof melancholy." Shak.

High-raised

High"-raised` (?), a.

1. Elevated; raised aloft; upreared.

2. Elated with great ideas or hopes. Milton.

High-reaching

High"-reach`ing (?), a. Reaching high or upward; hence, ambitious; aspiring. Shak.

High-red

High"-red` (?), a. Of a strong red color.

Highroad

High"road` (?), n. A highway; a much travele

High-seasoned

High"-sea`soned (?), a. Enriched with spice and condiments; hence, exciting; piquant.

High-sighted

High"-sight`ed (?), a. Looking upward; supercilious. Shak.

High-souled

High"-souled` (?), a. Having a high or noble spirit; honorable. E. Everett.

High-sounding

High"-sound`ing (?), a. Pompous; noisy; ostentatious; as, high-sounding words or titles.

High-spirited

High"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Full of spirit or natural fire; haughty; courageous; impetuous; not brooking restraint or opposition.

High-stepper

High"-step`per (?), n. A horse that moves with a high step or proud gait; hence, a person having a proud bearing. [Colloq.]

High-stomached

High"-stom`ached (?), a. Having a lofty spirit; haughty. [Obs.] Shak.

High-strung

High"-strung` (?), a. Strung to a high pitch; spirited; sensitive; as, a high-strung horse.

High-swelling

High"-swell`ing (?), a. Inflated; boastful.

Hight

Hight (?), n. A variant of Height.

Hight

Hight (?), v. t. & i. [imp. Hight, Hot (, p. p. Hight, Hote (Hoten (Hote.] [OE. heiten, highten, haten, hoten; also hight, hatte, hette, is called, was called, AS. h&amac;tan to call, name, be called, to command, promise; also h&amac;tte is called, was called; akin to G. heissen to call, be called, bid, Goth. haitan to call, in the passive, to be called.]

1. To be called or named. [Archaic & Poetic.] &hand; In the form hight, it is used in a passive sense as a present, meaning is called or named, also as a preterite, was called or named. This form has also been used as a past participle. See Hote.

The great poet of Italy, That highte Dante. Chaucer.
Bright was her hue, and Geraldine she hight. Surrey.
Entered then into the church the Reverend Teacher. Father he hight, and he was, in the parish. Longfellow.
Childe Harold was he hight. Byron.

2. To command; to direct; to impel. [Obs.]

But the sad steel seized not where it was hight Upon the child, but somewhat short did fall. Spenser.

3. To commit; to intrust. [Obs.]

Yet charge of them was to a porter hight. Spenser.

4. To promise. [Obs.]

He had hold his day, as he had hight. Chaucer.

Hightener

Hight"en*er (?), n. That which heightens.

Highth

Highth (h&imac;th or h&imac;tth), n. Variant of Height. [Obs.]

High-toned

High"-toned` (?), a.

1. High in tone or sound.

2. Elevated; high-principled; honorable.

In whose high-toned impartial mind Degrees of mortal rank and state Seem objects of indifferent weight. Sir W. Scott.
<-- 3. pretentious, pompous. -->

High-top

High"-top` (?), n. A ship's masthead. Shak.

Highty-tighty

High"ty-tigh"ty (?), a. Hoity-toity.

Highway

High"way` (?), n. A road or way open to the use of the public; a main road or thoroughfare. Syn. -- Way; road; path; course.

Highwayman

High"way`man (?), n.; pl. Highwaymen (. One who robs on the public road; a highway robber.

High-wrought

High"-wrought` (?), a.

1. Wrought with fine art or skill; elaborate. [Obs.] Pope.

2. Worked up, or swollen, to a high degree; as, a highwrought passion. "A high-wrought flood." Shak.

Higre

Hi"gre (?), n. See Eagre. [Obs.] Drayton.

Hig-taper

Hig"-ta`per (?), n. [Cf. Hag-taper.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Verbascum (V. Thapsus); the common mullein. [Also high-taper and hag-taper.]

Hijera, Hijra

Hij"e*ra (?), Hij"ra (
, n. See Hegira.

Hilal

Hi"lal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a hilum.

Hilar

Hi"lar (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the hilum.

Hilarious

Hi*la"ri*ous (?), a. [L. hilaris, hilarus, Gr. Mirthful; noisy; merry.

Hilarity

Hi*lar"i*ty (?; 277), n. [L. hilaritas: cf. F. hilarit\'82. See Hilarious.] Boisterous mirth; merriment; jollity. Goldsmith. &hand; Hilarity differs from joy: the latter, excited by good news or prosperity, is an affection of the mind; the former, produced by social pleasure, drinking, etc., which rouse the animal spirits, is more demonstrative. Syn. -- Glee; cheerfulness; mirth; merriment; gayety; joyousness; exhilaration; joviality; jollity.

Hilary term

Hil"a*ry term` (?). Formerly, one of the four terms of the courts of common law in England, beginning on the eleventh of January and ending on the thirty-first of the same month, in each year; -- so called from the festival of St. Hilary, January 13th. &hand; The Hilary term is superseded by the Hilary sittings, which commence on the eleventh of January and end on the Wednesday before Easter. Mozley & W.

Hilding

Hil"ding (?), n. [Prob. a corruption of hindling, dim. of hind, adj. Cf. Prov. E. hilderling, hinderling. See Hinderling.] A base, menial wretch. -- a. Base; spiritless. [Obs.] Shak.

Hile

Hile (?), v. t. To hide. See Hele. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hile

Hile (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Hilum.

Hill

Hill (?), n. [OE. hil, hul, AS. hyll; akin to OD. hille, hil, L. collis, and prob. to E. haulm, holm, and column. Cf. 2d Holm.]

1. A natural elevation of land, or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the surrounding land; an eminence less than a mountain.

Every mountain and hill shall be made low. Is. xl. 4.

2. The earth raised about the roots of a plant or cluster of plants. [U. S.] See Hill, v. t.

3. A single cluster or group of plants growing close together, and having the earth heaped up about them; as, a hill of corn or potatoes. [U. S.] Hill ant (Zo\'94l.), a common ant (Formica rufa), of Europe and America, which makes mounds or ant-hills over its nests. -- Hill myna (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of birds of India, of the genus Gracula, and allied to the starlings. They are easily taught to speak many words. [Written also hill mynah.] See Myna. -- Hill partridge (Zo\'94l.), a partridge of the genus Aborophila, of which numerous species in habit Southern Asia and the East Indies. -- Hill tit (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of small Asiatic singing birds of the family Leiotrichid\'91. Many are beautifully colored.


Page 694

Hill

Hill (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hilling.] To surround with earth; to heap or draw earth around or upon; as, to hill corn.
Showing them how to plant and hill it. Palfrey.

Hilliness

Hill"i*ness (?), n. The state of being hilly.

Hilling

Hill"ing, n. The act or process of heaping or drawing earth around plants.

Hillock

Hill"ock (?), n. A small hill. Shak.

Hillside

Hill"side` (?), n. The side or declivity of a hill.

Hilltop

Hill"top` (?), n. The top of a hill.

Hilly

Hill"y (?), a.

1. Abounding with hills; uneven in surface; as, a hilly country. "Hilly steep." Dryden.

2. Lofty; as, hilly empire. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Hilt

Hilt (?), n. [AS. hilt, hilte; akin to OHG. helza, Prov. G. hilze, Icel. hjalt.]

1. A handle; especially, the handle of a sword, dagger, or the like.

Hilted

Hilt"ed, a. Having a hilt; -- used in composition; as, basket-hilted, cross-hilted.

Hilum

Hi"lum (?), n. [L., a little thing, trifle.]

1. (Bot.) The eye of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point of attachment of an ovule or seed to its base or support; -- called also hile.

2. (Anat.) The part of a gland, or similar organ, where the blood vessels and nerves enter; the hilus; as, the hilum of the kidney.

Hilus

Hi"lus (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) Same as Hilum, 2.

Him

Him (?), pron. Them. See Hem. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Him

Him, pron. [AS. him, dat. of h&emac;. &root;183. See He.] The objective case of he. See He.
Him that is weak in the faith receive. Rom. xiv. 1.
Friends who have given him the most sympathy. Thackeray.
&hand; In old English his and him were respectively the genitive and dative forms of it as well as of he. This use is now obsolete. Poetically, him is sometimes used with the reflexive sense of himself.
I never saw but Humphrey, duke of Gloster, Did bear him like a noble gentleman. Shak.

Himalayan

Hi*ma"la*yan (?), a. [Skr. him\'belaya, prop., the abode of snow.] Of or pertaining to the Himalayas, the great mountain chain in Hindostan.

Himpne

Himp"ne (?), n. A hymn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Himself

Him*self" (?), pron.

1. An emphasized form of the third person masculine pronoun; -- used as a subject usually with he; as, he himself will bear the blame; used alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, it is himself who saved himself.

But he himself returned from the quarries. Judges iii. 19.
David hid himself in the field. 1 Sam. xx. 24.
The Lord himself shall give you a sign. Is. vii. 14.
Who gave himself for us, that he might . . . purify unto himself a peculiar people. Titus ii. 14.
With shame remembers, while himself was one Of the same herd, himself the same had done. Denham.
&hand; Himself was formerly used instead of itself. See Note under Him.
It comprehendeth in himself all good. Chaucer.

2. One's true or real character; one's natural temper and disposition; the state of being in one's right or sane mind (after unconsciousness, passion, delirium, or abasement); as, the man has come to himself. By himself, alone; unaccompanied; apart; sequestered; as, he sits or studies by himself. -- To leave one to himself, to withdraw from him; to let him take his own course.

Himself, Himselve , Himselven

Him*self" (?), Him*selve" (
, Him*selv"en (pron. pl. Themselves. See Hemself. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Himselve

Him*selve" (?), pron. See 1st Himself. [Obs.]

Himyaric, Himyaritic

Him*yar"ic (?), Him`ya*rit"ic (?), a. Pertaining to Himyar, an ancient king of Yemen, in Arabia, or to his successors or people; as, the Himjaritic characters, language, etc.; applied esp. to certain ancient inscriptions showing the primitive type of the oldest form of the Arabic, still spoken in Southern Arabia. Brande & C.

Hin

Hin (?), n. [Heb. h\'c6n.] A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing three quarts, one pint, one gill, English measure. W. H. Ward.

Hind

Hind (?), n. [AS. hind; akin to D. hinde, OHG. hinta, G. hinde, hindin, Icel., Sw., & Dan. hind, and perh. to Goth. hinpan to seize (in comp.), E. hunt, or cf. Gr.

1. (Zo\'94l.) The female of the red deer, of which the male is the stag.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A spotted food fish of the genus Epinephelus, as E. apua of Bermuda, and E. Drummond-hayi of Florida; -- called also coney, John Paw, spotted hind.

Hind

Hind, n. [OE. hine, AS. h\'c6ne, h\'c6na, orig. gen. pl. of h\'c6wan domestics; akin to Icel. hj&umac; man and wife, domestics, family, Goth. heiwafrauja master of the house, G. heirath marriage; cf. L. civis citizen, E. city or E. home. Cf. Hide a measure of land.]

1. A domestic; a servant. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A peasant; a rustic; a farm servant. [Eng.]

The hind, that homeward driving the slow steer Tells how man's daily work goes forward here. Trench.

Hind

Hind, a. [Compar. Hinder (?); superl. Hindmost (?), or Hindermost (.] [OE. hind, adv., back, AS. hindan behind. See Hinder, a.] In the rear; -- opposed to front; of or pertaining to the part or end which follows or is behind, in opposition to the part which leads or is before; as, the hind legs or hind feet of a quadruped; the hind man in a procession.

Hindberry

Hind"ber*ry (?), n. [AS. hindberie; akin to OHG. hintberi, G. himbeere. So called because hinds or stags are fond of them. See 1st Hind, and Berry.] The raspberry. [Prov. Eng.]

Hindbrain

Hind"brain` (?), n. [Hind, adj. + brain.] (Anat.) The posterior of the three principal divisions of the brain, including the epencephalon and metencephalon. Sometimes restricted to the epencephalon only.

Hinder

Hind"er (?), a. [OE. hindere, AS. hinder, adv., behind; akin to OHG. hintar, prep., behind, G. hinter, Goth. hindar; orig. a comparative, and akin to AS. hine hence. See Hence, He, and cf. Hind, a., Hindmost.] Of or belonging to that part or end which is in the rear, or which follows; as, the hinder part of a wagon; the hinder parts of a horse.
He was in the hinder part of the ship. Mark iv. 38.

Hinder

Hin"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hindered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hindering.] [OE. hindren, hinderen, AS. hindrian, fr. hinder behind; akin to D. hinderen, G. hindern, OHG. hintar, Icel. & Sw. hindra, Dan. hindre. See Hinder, a.]

1. To keep back or behind; to prevent from starting or moving forward; to check; to retard; to obstruct; to bring to a full stop; -- often followed by from; as, an accident hindered the coach; drought hinders the growth of plants; to hinder me from going.

Them that were entering in ye hindered. Luke xi. 52.
I hinder you too long. Shak.

2. To prevent or embarrass; to debar; to shut out.

What hinders younger brothers, being fathers of families, from having the same right? Locke.
Syn. -- To check; retard; impede; delay; block; clog; prevent; stop; interrupt; counteract; thwart; oppose; obstruct; debar; embarrass.

Hinder

Hin"der, v. i. To interpose obstacles or impediments; to be a hindrance.
This objection hinders not but that the heroic action of some commander . . . may be written. Dryden.

Hinderance

Hin"der*ance (?). n. Same as Hindrance.

Hinderer

Hin"der*er (?), n. One who, or that which, hinders.

Hinderest

Hind"er*est (?), a. Hindermost; -- superl. of Hind, a. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hinderling

Hind"er*ling (?), n. [AS. hinderling one who comes behind his ancestors, fr. AS. hinder behind. See Hinder, a., and cf. Hilding.] A worthless, base, degenerate person or animal. [Obs.] Callander.

Hindermost, Hindmost

Hind"er*most`, Hind"most` (?), a. [The superlative of hind. See Hind, a.] [Cf. AS. hindema (akin to Goth. hindumists), a superlative from the same source as the comparative hinder. See Hinder, a., and cf. Aftermost.] Furthest in or toward the rear; last. "Rachel and Joseph hindermost." Gen. xxxiii. 2.

Hindgut

Hind"gut` (?), n. [Hind, a. + gut.] (Anat.) The posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and sometimes the large intestine also.

Hindi

Hin"di (?), n. [Prop. a Per. adj. meaning, Indian, Hindoo.] The name given by Europeans to that form of the Hindustani language which is chiefly spoken by native Hindoos. In employs the Devanagari character, in which Sanskrit is written. Whitworth.

Hindleys screw

Hind"ley"s screw` (?). (Mech.) A screw cut on a solid whose sides are arcs of the periphery of a wheel into the teeth of which the screw is intended to work. It is named from the person who first used the form.

Hindoo, Hindu

Hin"doo, Hin"du (?; 277), n.; pl. Hindoos (#)Hindus. [Per. Hind\'d4, fr. Hind, Hind\'d4st\'ben, India. Cf. Indian.] A native inhabitant of Hindostan. As an ethnical term it is confined to the Dravidian and Aryan races; as a religious name it is restricted to followers of the Veda.

Hindooism, Hinduism

Hin"doo*ism, Hin"du*ism (?), n. The religious doctrines and rites of the Hindoos; Brahmanism.

Hindoostanee, Hindustani

Hin"doo*sta"nee, Hin"du*sta"ni (?), a. [Hind. Hind\'d4st\'ben\'c6 an Indian, fr. Hind. and Per. Hind\'d4st\'ben India.] Of or pertaining to the Hindoos or their language. -- n. The language of Hindostan; the name given by Europeans to the most generally spoken of the modern Aryan languages of India. It is Hindi with the addition of Persian and Arabic words.

Hindrance

Hin"drance (?), n. [See Hinder, v. t.]

1. The act of hindering, or the state of being hindered.

2. That which hinders; an impediment.

What various hindrances we meet. Cowper.
Something between a hindrance and a help. Wordsworth.
Syn. -- Impediment; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty; interruption; check; delay; restraint.

Hindu

Hin"du (?), n. Same as Hindoo.

Hine

Hine (?), n. [See Hind a servant.] A servant; a farm laborer; a peasant; a hind. [Obs.]
Bailiff, herd, nor other hine. Chaucer.

Hinge

Hinge (?), n. [OE. henge, heeng; akin to D. heng, LG. henge, Prov. E. hingle a small hinge; connected with hang, v., and Icel. hengja to hang. See Hang.]

1. The hook with its eye, or the joint, on which a door, gate, lid, etc., turns or swings; a flexible piece, as a strip of leather, which serves as a joint to turn on.

The gate self-opened wide, On golden hinges turning. Milton.

2. That on which anything turns or depends; a governing principle; a cardinal point or rule; as, this argument was the hinge on which the question turned.

3. One of the four cardinal points, east, west, north, or south. [R.]

When the moon is in the hinge at East. Creech.
Nor slept the winds . . . but rushed abroad. Milton.
Hinge joint. (a) (Anat.) See Ginglymus. (b) (Mech.) Any joint resembling a hinge, by which two pieces are connected so as to permit relative turning in one plane. -- To be off the hinges, to be in a state of disorder or irregularity; to have lost proper adjustment. Tillotson.

Hinge

Hinge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hinging (?).]

1. To attach by, or furnish with, hinges.

2. To bend. [Obs.] Shak.

Hinge

Hinge (?), v. i. To stand, depend, hang, or turn, as on a hinge; to depend chiefly for a result or decision or for force and validity; -- usually with on or upon; as, the argument hinges on this point. I. Taylor

Hinged

Hinged (?), a. Furnished with hinges.

Hingeless

Hinge"less (?), a. Without a hinge or joint.

Hink

Hink (?), n. A reaping hook. Knight.

Hinniate, Hinny

Hin"ni*ate (?), Hin"ny (?) v. i. [L. hinnire.] To neigh; to whinny. [Obs.]

Hinny

Hin"ny, n.; pl. Hinnies (#). [L. hinnus, cf. Gr. A hybrid between a stallion and an ass.

Hinny

Hin"ny, n. A term of endearment; darling; -- corrupted from honey. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Hint

Hint (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hinting.] [OE. henten, hinten, to seize, to catch, AS. hentan to pursue, take, seize; or Icel. ymta to mutter, ymtr a muttering, Dan. ymte to whisper. &root;36. Cf. Hent.] To bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion; to suggest in an indirect manner; as, to hint a suspicion.
Just hint a fault and hesitate dislike. Pope.
Syn. -- To suggest; intimate; insinuate; imply.

Hint

Hint, v. i. To make an indirect reference, suggestion, or allusion; to allude vaguely to something.
We whisper, and hint, and chuckle. Tennyson.
To hint at, to allude to lightly, indirectly, or cautiously. Syn. -- To allude; refer; glance; touch.

Hint

Hint, n. A remote allusion; slight mention; intimation; insinuation; a suggestion or reminder, without a full declaration or explanation; also, an occasion or motive.
Our hint of woe Is common. Shak.
The hint malevolent, the look oblique. Hannah M
Syn. -- Suggestion; allusion. See Suggestion.

Hintingly

Hint"ing*ly (?), adv. In a hinting manner.

Hip

Hip (?), n. [OE. hipe, huppe, AS. hype; akin to D. heup, OHG. huf, G. h\'81fte, Dan. hofte, Sw. h\'94ft, Goth. hups; cf. Icel. huppr, and also Gr. kumpis ham.]

1. The projecting region of the lateral parts of one side of the pelvis and the hip joint; the haunch; the huckle.

2. (Arch.) The external angle formed by the meeting of two sloping sides or skirts of a roof, which have their wall plates running in different directions.

3. (Engin) In a bridge truss, the place where an inclined end post meets the top chord. Waddell. Hip bone (Anat.), the innominate bone; -- called also haunch bone and huckle bone. -- Hip girdle (Anat.), the pelvic girdle. -- Hip joint (Anat.), the articulation between the thigh bone and hip bone. -- Hip knob (Arch.), a finial, ball, or other ornament at the intersection of the hip rafters and the ridge. -- Hip molding (Arch.), a molding on the hip of a roof, covering the hip joint of the slating or other roofing. -- Hip rafter (Arch.), the rafter extending from the wall plate to the ridge in the angle of a hip roof. -- Hip roof, Hipped roof (Arch.), a roof having sloping ends and sloping sides. See Hip, n., 2., and Hip, v. t., 3. -- Hip tile, a tile made to cover the hip of a roof. -- To catch upon the hip, ∨ To have on the hip, to have or get the advantage of; -- a figure probably derived from wresting. Shak. -- To smite hip and thigh, to overthrow completely; to defeat utterly. Judg. xv. 8.

Hip

Hip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hipping.]

1. To dislocate or sprain the hip of, to fracture or injure the hip bone of (a quadruped) in such a manner as to produce a permanent depression of that side.

2. To throw (one's adversary) over one's hip in wrestling (technically called cross buttock).

3. To make with a hip or hips, as a roof. Hipped roof. See Hip roof, under Hip.

Hip

Hip (?), n. [OE. hepe, AS. he\'a2pe; cf. OHG. hiufo a bramble bush.] (Bot.) The fruit of a rosebush, especially of the English dog-rose (Rosa canina). [Written also hop, hep.] Hip tree (Bot.), the dog-rose.

Hip

Hip, interj. Used to excite attention or as a signal; as, hip, hip, hurra!

Hip, or Hipps

Hip, or Hipps (
, n. See Hyp, n. [Colloq.]

Hiphalt

Hip"halt` (?), a. Lame in the hip. [R.] Gower.

Hippa, Hippe

Hip"pa (?), Hip"pe (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine decapod crustaceans, which burrow rapidly in the sand by pushing themselves backward; -- called also bait bug. See Illust. under Anomura.

Hipparion

Hip*pa"ri*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of Tertiary mammals allied to the horse, but three-toed, having on each foot a small lateral hoof on each side of the main central one. It is believed to be one of the ancestral genera of the Horse family.

Hipped, Hippish

Hipped (?), Hip"pish (?), a. [From 5th Hip.] Somewhat hypochondriac; melancholy. See Hyppish. [Colloq.]
When we are hipped or in high spirits. R. L. Stevenson.

Hippobosca

Hip`po*bos"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of dipterous insects including the horsefly or horse tick. -- Hip`po*bos"can (#), a.

Hippocamp

Hip"po*camp (?), n. See Hippocampus.

Hippocampal

Hip`po*cam"pal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hippocampus.

Hippocampus

Hip`po*cam"pus (?), n. [L., the sea horse, Gr. "i`ppos horse +

1. (Class. Myth.) A fabulous monster, with the head and fore quarters of a horse joined to the tail of a dolphin or other fish (Hippocampus brevirostris), -- seen in Pompeian paintings, attached to the chariot of Neptune. Fairholt.


Page 695

2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of lophobranch fishes of several species in which the head and neck have some resemblance to those of a horse; -- called also sea horse. &hand; They swim slowly, in an erect position, and often cling to seaweeds by means of the incurved prehensile tail. The male has a ventral pouch, in which it carries the eggs till hatched.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A name applied to either of two ridges of white matter in each lateral ventricle of the brain. The larger is called hippocampus major or simply hippocampus. The smaller, hippocampus minor, is called also ergot and calcar.

Hippocentaur

Hip`po*cen"taur (?), n. [L. hippocentaurus, Gr. (Myth.) Same as Centaur.

Hippocras

Hip"po*cras (?), n. [F. hippocras, hypocras, NL. vinum hippocraticum, lit., wine of Hippocrates.] A cordial made of spiced wine, etc.

Hippocrates

Hip*poc"ra*tes (?), n. A famous Greek physician and medical writer, born in Cos, about 460 B. C. Hippocrates' sleeve, a conical strainer, made by stitching together two adjacent sides of a square piece of cloth, esp. flannel of linen.

Hippocratic

Hip"po*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hippocrates, or to his teachings. Hippocratic face [L. facies Hippocratica], the change produced in the countenance by death, or long sickness, excessive evacuations, excessive hunger, and the like. The nose is pinched, the eyes are sunk, the temples hollow, the ears cold and retracted, the skin of the forehead tense and dry, the complexion livid, the lips pendent, relaxed, and cold; -- so called, as having been described by Hippocrates. Dunglison. -- Hippocratic oath, an oath said to have been dictated by Hippocrates to his disciples. Such an oath is still administered to candidates for graduation in medicine.

Hippocratism

Hip*poc"ra*tism (?), n. The medical philosophy or system of Hippocrates.

Hippocrene

Hip"po*crene (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. A fountain on Mount Helicon in B\'d2otia, fabled to have burst forth when the ground was struck by the hoof of Pegasus. Also, its waters, which were supposed to impart poetic inspiration. Keats.
Nor maddening draughts of Hippocrene. Longfellow.

Hippocrepian

Hip"po*crep"i*an (?), n. [See Hippocrepiform.] (Zo\'94l.) One of an order of fresh-water Bryozoa, in which the tentacles are on a lophophore, shaped like a horseshoe. See Phylactol\'91ma.

Hippocrepiform

Hip`po*crep`i*form (?), a. [Gr. -form.] (Bot.) Shaped like a horseshoe.

Hippodame

Hip"po*dame (?), n. [Cf. F. hippopotame.] A fabulous sea monster. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hippodrome

Hip"po*drome (?), n. [L. hippodromos, Gr. hippodrome.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.) A place set apart for equestrian and chariot races.

2. An arena for equestrian performances; a circus.

Hippogriff

Hip"po*griff (?), n. [F. hippogriffe; cf. It. ippogrifo. See Hippopotamus, Griffon.] (Myth.) A fabulous winged animal, half horse and half griffin. Milton.

Hippolith

Hip"po*lith (?), n. [Gr. -lith.] A concretion, or kind of bezoar, from the intestines of the horse.

Hippopathology

Hip`po*pa*thol`o*gy (?), n. [Gr. pathology: cf. F. hippopathologie.] The science of veterinary medicine; the pathology of the horse.

Hippophagi

Hip*poph"a*gi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hippophagous.] Eaters of horseflesh.

Hippophagism

Hip*poph"a*gism (?), n.Hippophagy. Lowell.

Hippophagist

Hip*poph"a*gist (?), n. One who eats horseflesh.

Hippophagous

Hip*poph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. hippophage.] Feeding on horseflesh; -- said of certain nomadic tribes, as the Tartars.

Hippophagy

Hip*poph"a*gy (?), n. [Cf. F. hippophagie.] The act or practice of feeding on horseflesh.

Hippophile

Hip"po*phile (?), n. [Gr. One who loves horses. Holmes.

Hippopotamus

Hip`po*pot"a*mus (?), n.; pl. E. Hippopotamuses (#), L. Hippopotami (#). [L., from Gr.Equine.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, amphibious, herbivorous mammal (Hippopotamus amphibius), common in the rivers of Africa. It is allied to the hogs, and has a very thick, naked skin, a thick and square head, a very large muzzle, small eyes and ears, thick and heavy body, and short legs. It is supposed to be the behemoth of the Bible. Called also zeekoe, and river horse. A smaller species (H. Liberiencis) inhabits Western Africa.<-- pigmy hippopotamus? -->

Hippotomy

Hip*pot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. hippotomie.] Anatomy of the horse.

Hippuric

Hip*pu"ric (?), a. [Gr. hippurique.] (Physiol. Chem.) Obtained from the urine of horses; as, hippuric acid. Hippuric acid, a white crystalline substance, containing nitrogen, present in the urine of herbivorous animals, and in small quantity in human urine. By the action of acids, it is decomposed into benzoic acid and glycocoll.

Hippurite

Hip"pu*rite (?), n. [Gr. hippurite.] (Paleon.) A fossil bivalve mollusk of the genus Hippurites, of many species, having a conical, cup-shaped under valve, with a flattish upper valve or lid. Hippurites are found only in the Cretaceous rocks.

Hip-roofed

Hip"-roofed` (?), a. Having a hip roof.

Hipshot

Hip"shot` (?), a. [Hip + shot.] Having the hip dislocated; hence, having one hip lower than the other. L'Estrange.

Hip tree

Hip" tree` (?). (Bot.) The dog-rose.

Hir

Hir (?), pron. [Obs.] See Here, pron. Chaucer.

Hircic

Hir"cic (?), a. [Cf. F. hircique. See Hircin.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, mutton suet; -- applied by Chevreul to an oily acid which was obtained from mutton suet, and to which he attributed the peculiar taste and smell of that substance. The substance has also been called hircin. Watts.

Hircin

Hir"cin (?), n. [L. hircus, he-goat, buck: cf. F. hircine.] (Chem.) Hircic acid. See Hircic. [R.]

Hircine, Hircinous

Hir"cine (?), Hir"ci*nous (?), a. [L. hircinus, fr. hircus hegoat: cf. F. hircin.]

1. Goatlike; of or pertaining to a goat or the goats.

2. Of a strong goatish smell.

Hire

Hire (?), pron. [Obs.] See Here, pron. Chaucer.

Hire

Hire (?), n. [OE. hire, hure, AS. h; akin to D.huur, G. heuer, Dan. hyre, Sw. hyra.]

1. The price; reward, or compensation paid, or contracted to be paid, for the temporary use of a thing or a place, for personal service, or for labor; wages; rent; pay.

The laborer is worthy of his hire. Luke x. 7.

2. (Law.) A bailment by which the use of a thing, or the services and labor of a person, are contracted for at a certain price or reward. Story. Syn. -- Wages; salary; stipend; allowance; pay.

Hire

Hire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hiring.] [OE. hiren, huren, AS. h; akin to D. huren, G. heuern, Dan. hyre, Sw. hyra. See Hire, n.]

1. To procure (any chattel or estate) from another person, for temporary use, for a compensation or equivalent; to purchase the use or enjoyment of for a limited time; as, to hire a farm for a year; to hire money.

2. To engage or purchase the service, labor, or interest of (any one) for a specific purpose, by payment of wages; as, to hire a servant, an agent, or an advocate.

3. To grant the temporary use of, for compensation; to engage to give the service of, for a price; to let; to lease; -- now usually with out, and often reflexively; as, he has hired out his horse, or his time.

They . . . have hired out themselves for bread. 1 Sam. ii. 5.

Hireless

Hire"less, a. Without hire. Davenant.

Hireling

Hire"ling (?), n. [AS. h. See Hire, n., and -ling.] One who is hired, or who serves for wages; esp., one whose motive and interest in serving another are wholly gainful; a mercenary. "Lewd hirelings." Milton.

Hireling

Hire"ling, a. Serving for hire or wages; venal; mercenary. "Hireling mourners." Dryden.

Hirer

Hir"er (?), n. One who hires.

Hires, Hirs

Hires (?), Hirs
, pron. Hers; theirs. See Here, pron. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hirsute

Hir*sute" (?), a. [L. hirsutus; prob. akin to horridus horrid. Cf. Horrid.]

1. Rough with hair; set with bristles; shaggy.

2. Rough and coarse; boorish. [R.]

Cynical and hirsute in his behavior. Life of A. Wood.

3. (Bot.) Pubescent with coarse or stiff hairs. Gray.

4. (Zo\'94l.) Covered with hairlike feathers, as the feet of certain birds.

Hirsuteness

Hir*sute"ness, n. Hairiness. Burton.

Hirtellous

Hir*tel"lous (?), a. [Dim., fr. L. hirtus hairy.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Pubescent with minute and somewhat rigid hairs.

Hirudine

Hi*ru"dine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the leeches.

Hirudinea

Hir`u*din"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. hirudo, hirudinis, a leech.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Annelida, including the leeches; -- called also Hirudinei.

Hirudo

Hi*ru"do (?), n. [L., a leech.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of leeches, including the common medicinal leech. See Leech.

Hirundine

Hi*run"dine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the swallows.

Hirundo

Hi*run"do (?), n. [L., swallow.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds including the swallows and martins.

His

His (?), pron. [AS. his of him, his, gen. masc. & neut. of h, neut. hit. See He.]

1. Belonging or pertaining to him; -- used as a pronominal adjective or adjective pronoun; as, tell John his papers are ready; formerly used also for its, but this use is now obsolete.

No comfortable star did lend his light. Shak.
Who can impress the forest, bid the tree Unfix his earth-bound root? Shak.
&hand; Also formerly used in connection with a noun simply as a sign of the possessive. "The king his son." Shak. "By young Telemachus his blooming years." Pope. This his is probably a corruption of the old possessive ending -is or -es, which, being written as a separate word, was at length confounded with the pronoun his.

2. The possessive of he; as, the book is his. "The sea is his, and he made it." Ps. xcv. 5.

Hisingerite

His"ing*er*ite (?), n. [Named after W. Hisinger, a Swedish mineralogist.] (Min.) A soft black, iron ore, nearly earthy, a hydrous silicate of iron.

Hispanic

His*pan"ic (?), a. [L. Hispanicus.] Of or pertaining to Spain or its language; as, Hispanic words.

Hispanicism

His*pan"i*cism, n. A Spanish idiom or mode of speech. Keightley.

Hispanicize

His*pan"i*cize (?), v. t. To give a Spanish form or character to; as, to Hispanicize Latin words.

Hispid

His"pid (?), a. [L. hispidus: cf. F. hispide.]

1. Rough with bristles or minute spines.

2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Beset with stiff hairs or bristles.

Hispidulous

His*pid"u*lous (?), a. [Dim. of hispid.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Minutely hispid.

Hiss

Hiss (?). v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hissed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Hissing.] [AS. hysian; prob. of imitative originhissen, OD. hisschen.]

1. To make with the mouth a prolonged sound like that of the letter s, by driving the breath between the tongue and the teeth; to make with the mouth a sound like that made by a goose or a snake when angered; esp., to make such a sound as an expression of hatred, passion, or disapproval.

The merchants among the people shall hiss at thee. Ezek. xxvii. 36.

2. To make a similar noise by any means; to pass with a sibilant sound; as, the arrow hissed as it flew.

Shod with steel, We hissed along the polished ice. Wordsworth.

Hiss

Hiss, v. t.

1. To condemn or express contempt for by hissing.

If the tag-rag people did not clap him and hiss him, according as he pleased and displeased them. Shak.
Malcolm. What is the newest grief? Ros. That of an hour's age doth hiss the speaker. Shak.

2. To utter with a hissing sound.

The long-necked geese of the world that are ever hissing dispraise. Tennyson.

Hiss

Hiss, n.

1. A prolonged sound like that letter s, made by forcing out the breath between the tongue and teeth, esp. as a token of disapprobation or contempt.

"Hiss" implies audible friction of breath consonants. H. Sweet.
A dismal, universal hiss, the sound Of public scorn. Milton.

2. Any sound resembling that above described; as: (a) The noise made by a serpent.

But hiss for hiss returned with forked tongue. Milton.
(b) The note of a goose when irritated. (c) The noise made by steam escaping through a narrow orifice, or by water falling on a hot stove. <-- or the high-frequency noise from an electronic audio instrument -->

Hissing

Hiss"ing, n.

1. The act of emitting a hiss or hisses.

2. The occasion of contempt; the object of scorn and derision. [Archaic]

I will make this city desolate, and a hissing. Jer. xix. 8.

Hissingly

Hiss"ing*ly, adv. With a hissing sound.

Hist

Hist (?), interj. [Cf. Dan. hys. Hush, Whist.] Hush; be silent; -- a signal for silence. Milton.

Histiology

His`ti*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -logy.] Same as Histology.

Histogenesis

His`to*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + E. genesis.] (Biol.) (a) The formation and development of organic tissues; histogeny; -- the opposite of histolysis. (b) Germ history of cells, and of the tissues composed of cells. Haeckel.

Histogenetic

His`to*ge*net"ic (?), a. [See Histogeny.] (Biol.) Tissue-producing; connected with the formation and development of the organic tissues.

Histogeny

His*tog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + root of (Biol.) Same as Histogenesis. Dunglison.

Histographer

His*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One who describes organic tissues; an histologist.

Histographical

His"to*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to histography.

Histography

His*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -graphy.] A description of, or treatise on, organic tissues.

Histoh\'91matin

His`to*h\'91m"a*tin (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + E. h\'91matin.] (Physiol.) One of a class of respiratory pigments, widely distributed in the animal kingdom, capable of ready oxidation and reduction.

Histoid

His"toid (?), a. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -oid.] Resembling the normal tissues; as, histoid tumors.

Histologic, Histological

His`to*log"ic (?), His`to*log"ic*al a. (Biol.) Pertaining to histology, or to the microscopic structure of the tissues of living organisms. -- His`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Histologist

His*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in histology.

Histology

His*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -logy.] That branch of biological science, which treats of the minute (microscopic) structure of animal and vegetable tissues; -- called also histiology.

Histolysis

His*tol"y*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "isto`s tissue + (Biol.) The decay and dissolution of the organic tissues and of the blood.

Histolytic

His`to*lyt"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to histolysis, or the degeneration of tissues.

Histonomy

His*ton"o*my (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + The science which treats of the laws relating to organic tissues, their formation, development, functions, etc.

Histophyly

His*toph"y*ly (?), n. [Gr. "isto`s tissue + Gr. (Biol.) The tribal history of cells, a division of morphophyly. Haeckel.

Historial

His*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. historialis: cf. F. historial.] Historical. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Historian

His*to"ri*an (?), n. [F. historien.]

1. A writer of history; a chronicler; an annalist.

Even the historian takes great liberties with facts. Sir J. Reynolds.

2. One versed or well informed in history.

Great captains should be good historians. South.

Page 696

Historic, Historical

His*tor"ic (?), His*tor"ic*al (?), a. [L. historicus, Gr. historique. See History.] Of or pertaining to history, or the record of past events; as, an historical poem; the historic page. -- His*tor"ic*al*ness, n. -- His*to*ric"i*ty (#), n.
There warriors frowning in historic brass. Pope.
Historical painting, that branch of painting which represents the events of history. -- Historical sense, that meaning of a passage which is deduced from the circumstances of time, place, etc., under which it was written. -- The historic sense, the capacity to conceive and represent the unity and significance of a past era or age.

Historically

His*tor"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In the manner of, or in accordance with, history.

Historicize

His*tor"i*cize (?), v. t. To record or narrate in the manner of a history; to chronicle. [R.]

Historied

His"to*ried (?), a. Related in history.

Historier

His*to"ri*er (?), n. An historian. [Obs.]

Historiette

His`to*ri*ette" (?), n. [F., dim. of histoire a history.] Historical narration on a small scale; a brief recital; a story. Emerson.

Histority

His*tor"i*ty (?), v. t. [History + -fy.] To record in or as history. [R.] Lamb.
Thy conquest meet to be historified. Sir P. Sidney.

Historiographer

His*to`ri*og"ra*pher (?), n. [L. historiographus, Gr. historiographe.] An historian; a writer of history; especially, one appointed or designated to write a history; also, a title bestowed by some governments upon historians of distinction.

Historiographership

His*to`ri*og"ra*pher*ship, n. The office of an historiographer. Saintsbury.

Historiography

His*to`ri*og"ra*phy (?), n. The art of employment of an historiographer.

Historiology

His*to`ri*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A discourse on history. Cockeram.

Historionomer

His*to`ri*on"o*mer (?), n. [Gr. One versed in the phenomena of history and the laws controlling them.
And historionomers will have measured accurately the sidereal years of races. Lowell.

Historize

His"to*rize (?), v. t. To relate as history; to chronicle; to historicize. [R.] Evelyn.

History

His"to*ry (?), n.; pl. Histories (#). [L.historia, Gr. 'istori`a history, information, inquiry, fr. 'istwr, "istwr, knowing, learned, from the root of wit. See Wit, and cf. Story.]

1. A learning or knowing by inquiry; the knowledge of facts and events, so obtained; hence, a formal statement of such information; a narrative; a description; a written record; as, the history of a patient's case; the history of a legislative bill.

2. A systematic, written account of events, particularly of those affecting a nation, institution, science, or art, and usually connected with a philosophical explanation of their causes; a true story, as distinguished from a romance; -- distinguished also from annals, which relate simply the facts and events of each year, in strict chronological order; from biography, which is the record of an individual's life; and from memoir, which is history composed from personal experience, observation, and memory.

Histories are as perfect as the historian is wise, and is gifted with an eye and a soul. Carlyle.
For aught that I could ever read, Could ever hear by tale or history. Shak.
What histories of toil could I declare! Pope.
History piece, a representation in painting, drawing, etc., of any real event, including the actors and the action. -- Natural history, a description and classification of objects in nature, as minerals, plants, animals, etc., and the phenomena which they exhibit to the senses. Syn. -- Chronicle; annals; relation; narration. -- History, Chronicle, Annals. History is a methodical record of important events which concern a community of men, usually so arranged as to show the connection of causes and effects, to give an analysis of motive and action etc. A chronicle is a record of such events, conforming to the order of time as its distinctive feature. Annals are a chronicle divided up into separate years. By poetic license annals is sometimes used for history.
Justly C\'91sar scorns the poet's lays; It is to history he trusts for praise. Pope.
No more yet of this; For 't is a chronicle of day by day, Not a relation for a breakfast. Shak.
Many glorious examples in the annals of our religion. Rogers.

History

His"to*ry, v. t. To narrate or record. [Obs.] Shak.

Histotomy

His*tot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. The dissection of organic tissues.

Histozyme

His"to*zyme (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A soluble ferment occurring in the animal body, to the presence of which many normal decompositions and synthetical processes are supposed to be due.

Histrion

His"tri*on (?), n. [L. histrio: cf. F. histrion.] A player. [R.] Pope.

Histrionic, Histrionical

His`tri*on"ic (?), His`tri*on"ic*al (?), a. [L. histrionicus: cf. F. histronique. See Histrion.] Of or relating to the stage or a stageplayer; befitting a theatre; theatrical; -- sometimes in a bad sense. -- His`tri*on"ic*al*ly, adv.
Tainted with false and histrionic feeling. De Quincey.

Histrionicism

His`tri*on"i*cism (?), n. The histronic art; stageplaying. W. Black.

Histrionism

His"tri*o*nism (?), n. Theatrical representation; acting; affectation. Sir T. Browne.

Histrionize

His"tri*o*nize (?), v. t. To act; to represent on the stage, or theatrically. Urquhart.

Hit

Hit (?), pron. It. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hit

Hit, 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hide, contracted from hideth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hit

Hit (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hit; p. pr. & vb. n. Hitting.] [OE. hitten, hutten, of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. hitte to hit, find, Sw. & Icel. hitta.]

1. To reach with a stroke or blow; to strike or touch, usually with force; especially, to reach or touch (an object aimed at).

I think you have hit the mark. Shak.

2. To reach or attain exactly; to meet according to the occasion; to perform successfully; to attain to; to accord with; to be conformable to; to suit.

Birds learning tunes, and their endeavors to hit the notes right. Locke.
There you hit him; . . . that argument never fails with him. Dryden.
Whose saintly visage is too bright To hit the sense of human sight. Milton.
He scarcely hit my humor. Tennyson.

3. To guess; to light upon or discover. "Thou hast hit it." Shak.

4. (Backgammon) To take up, or replace by a piece belonging to the opposing player; -- said of a single unprotected piece on a point. To hit off, to describe with quick characteristic strokes; as, to hit off a speaker. Sir W. Temple. -- To hit out, to perform by good luck. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hit

Hit (?), v. i.

1. To meet or come in contact; to strike; to clash; -- followed by against or on.

If bodies be extension alone, how can they move and hit one against another? Locke.
Corpuscles, meeting with or hitting on those bodies, become conjoined with them. Woodward.

2. To meet or reach what was aimed at or desired; to succeed, -- often with implied chance, or luck.

And oft it hits Where hope is coldest and despair most fits. Shak.
And millions miss for one that hits. Swift.
To hit on ∨ upon, to light upon; to come to by chance. "None of them hit upon the art." Addison.

Hit

Hit, n.

1. A striking against; the collision of one body against another; the stroke that touches anything.

So he the famed Cilician fencer praised, And, at each hit, with wonder seems amazed. Dryden.

2. A stroke of success in an enterprise, as by a fortunate chance; as, he made a hit.

What late he called a blessing, now was wit, And God's good providence, a lucky hit. Pope.
<-- esp. A performance, as a musical recording, movie, or play, which achieved great popularity or acclaim. also used of books or objects of commerce which become big sellers -->

3. A peculiarly apt expression or turn of thought; a phrase which hits the mark; as, a happy hit.

4. A game won at backgammon after the adversary has removed some of his men. It counts less than a gammon.

5. (Baseball) A striking of the ball; as, a safe hit; a foul hit; -- sometimes used specifically for a base hit. <-- 6. A murder performed for hire, esp. by a professional assassin. --> <-- hit man. (a) a professional murderer, esp. one working for a criminal organization; also, "torpedo" [jargon] (b) (fig.) A slanderer working for political purposes -- See "hatchet man". --> Base hit, Safe hit, Sacrifice hit. (Baseball) See under Base, Safe, etc. <--

Hit.

Hit. adj. having become very popular or acclaimed; -- said of entertainment performances; as, a hit record, a hit movie. -->

Hitch

Hitch (?), v.
t. [Cf. Scot. hitch a motion by a jerk, and hatch, hotch, to move by jerks, also Prov. G. hiksen, G. hinken, to limp, hobble; or E. hiccough; or possibly akin to E. hook.]

1. To become entangled or caught; to be linked or yoked; to unite; to cling.

Atoms . . . which at length hitched together. South.

2. To move interruptedly or with halts, jerks, or steps; -- said of something obstructed or impeded.

Slides into verse, and hitches in a rhyme. Pope.
To ease themselves . . . by hitching into another place. Fuller.

3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses; to interfere. [Eng.] Halliwell.

Hitch

Hitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hitching.]

1. To hook; to catch or fasten as by a hook or a knot; to make fast, unite, or yoke; as, to hitch a horse, or a halter.

2. To move with hitches; as, he hitched his chair nearer. To hitch up. (a) To fasten up. (b) To pull or raise with a jerk; as, a sailor hitches up his trousers. (c) To attach, as a horse, to a vehicle; as, hitch up the gray mare. [Colloq.]

Hitch

Hitch, n.

1. A catch; anything that holds, as a hook; an impediment; an obstacle; an entanglement.

2. The act of catching, as on a hook, etc.

3. A stop or sudden halt; a stoppage; an impediment; a temporary obstruction; an obstacle; as, a hitch in one's progress or utterance; a hitch in the performance.

4. A sudden movement or pull; a pull up; as, the sailor gave his trousers a hitch.

5. (Naut.) A knot or noose in a rope which can be readily undone; -- intended for a temporary fastening; as, a half hitch; a clove hitch; a timber hitch, etc.

6. (Geol.) A small dislocation of a bed or vein.

Hitchel

Hitch"el (?), n. & v. t. See Hatchel.

Hithe

Hithe (?), n. [AS. hHide to conceal.] A port or small haven; -- used in composition; as, Lambhithe, now Lambeth. Pennant.

Hither

Hith"er (?), adv. [OE. hider, AS. hider; akin to Icel. hra, Dan. hid, Sw. hit, Goth. hidrcitra on this side, or E. here, he. He.]

1. To this place; -- used with verbs signifying motion, and implying motion toward the speaker; correlate of hence and thither; as, to come or bring hither.

2. To this point, source, conclusion, design, etc.; -- in a sense not physical.

Hither we refer whatsoever belongeth unto the highest perfection of man. Hooker.
Hither and thither, to and fro; backward and forward; in various directions. "Victory is like a traveller, and goeth hither and thither." Knolles.

Hither

Hith"er, a.

1. Being on the side next or toward the person speaking; nearer; -- correlate of thither and farther; as, on the hither side of a hill. Milton.

2. Applied to time: On the hither side of, younger than; of fewer years than.

And on the hither side, or so she looked, Of twenty summers. Tennyson.
To the present generation, that is to say, the people a few years on the hither and thither side of thirty, the name of Charles Darwin stands alongside of those of Isaac Newton and Michael Faraday. Huxley.

Hithermost

Hith"er*most` (?), a. Nearest on this side. Sir M. Hale.

Hitherto

Hith"er*to` (?), adv.

1. To this place; to a prescribed limit.

Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further. Job xxxviii. 11.

2. Up to this time; as yet; until now.

The Lord hath blessed me hitherto. Josh. xvii. 14.

Hitherward

Hith"er*ward (?), adv. [AS. hiderweard.] Toward this place; hither.
Marching hitherward in proud array. Shak.

Hitter

Hit"ter (?), n. One who hits or strikes; as, a hard hitter.

Hive

Hive (?), n. [OE. hive, huve, AS. h.]

1. A box, basket, or other structure, for the reception and habitation of a swarm of honeybees. Dryden.

2. The bees of one hive; a swarm of bees. Shak.

3. A place swarming with busy occupants; a crowd.

The hive of Roman liars. Tennyson.
Hive bee (Zo\'94l.), the honeybee.

Hive

Hive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hiving.]

1. To collect into a hive; to place in, or cause to enter, a hive; as, to hive a swarm of bees.

2. To store up in a hive, as honey; hence, to gather and accumulate for future need; to lay up in store.

Hiving wisdom with each studious year. Byron.

Hive

Hive, v. i. To take shelter or lodgings together; to reside in a collective body. Pope.

Hiveless

Hive"less, a. Destitute of a hive. Gascoigne.

Hiver

Hiv"er (?), n. One who collects bees into a hive.

Hives

Hives (?), n. [Scot.; perh. akin to E. heave.] (Med.) (a) The croup. (b) An eruptive disease (Varicella globularis), allied to the chicken pox.

Hizz

Hizz (?), v. i. To hiss. [Obs.] Shak.

Ho

Ho (?), pron. Who. [Obs.] In some Chaucer MSS.

Ho, Hoa

Ho, Hoa (?), n. [See Ho, interj., 2.] A stop; a halt; a moderation of pace.
There is no ho with them. Decker.

Ho, Hoa

Ho, Hoa (?), interj. [Cf. F. & G. ho.]

1. Halloo! attend! -- a call to excite attention, or to give notice of approach. "What noise there, ho?" Shak.

Hobanob, Hobandnob

Hob"a*nob` (?), Hob"and*nob`, v. i. Same as Hobnob. Tennyson.

Hobbism

Hob"bism (?), n. The philosophical system of Thomas Hobbes, an English materialist (

Hobbist

Hob"bist (?), n. One who accepts the doctrines of Thomas Hobbes.

Hobble

Hob"ble (?), n. i. [imp. & p. p. Hobbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hobbling (?).] [OE. hobelen, hoblen, freq. of hoppen to hop; akin to D. hobbelen, hoblen, hoppeln. See Hop to jump, and cf. Hopple ]

1. To walk lame, bearing chiefly on one leg; to walk with a hitch or hop, or with crutches.

The friar was hobbling the same way too. Dryden.

2. To move roughly or irregularly; -- said of style in writing. Prior.

The hobbling versification, the mean diction. Jeffreys.

Hobble

Hob"ble, v. t.

1. To fetter by tying the legs; to hopple; to clog. " They hobbled their horses." Dickens

2. To perplex; to embarrass.

Hobble

Hob"ble, n.

1. An unequal gait; a limp; a halt; as, he has a hobble in his gait. Swift.

2. Same as Hopple.

3. Difficulty; perplexity; embarrassment. Waterton.

Hobblebush

Hob"ble*bush` (?), n. (Bot.) A low bush (Viburnum lantanoides) having long, straggling branches and handsome flowers. It is found in the Northern United States. Called also shinhopple.

Hobbledehoy, Hobbletehoy

Hob"ble*de*hoy` (?), Hob"ble*te*hoy` (?), n. [Written also hobbetyhoy, hobbarddehoy, hobbedehoy, hobdehoy.] [ Cf. Prob. E. hobbledygee with a limping movement; also F. hobereau, a country squire, E. hobby, and OF. hoi to-day; perh. the orig. sense was, an upstart of to-day.] A youth between boy and man; an awkward, gawky young fellow . [Colloq.]
All the men, boys, and hobbledehoys attached to the farm. Dickens. .

Hobbler

Hob"bler (?), n. One who hobbles.

Hobbler

Hob"bler, n. [OE. also hobeler, OF. hobelier, LL. hobellarius. See Hobby a horse.] (Eng. Hist.) One who by his tenure was to maintain a horse for military service; a kind of light horseman in the Middle Ages who was mounted on a hobby. Hallam. Sir J. Davies.

Hobblingly

Hob"bling*ly (?), adv. With a limping step.

Hobbly

Hob"bly (?), a. Rough; uneven; causing one to hobble; as a hobbly road.

Hobby

Hob"by (?), n.; pl. Hobbies (#). [OE. hobi; cf. OF. hobe, hob\'82, F. hobereau a hobby, a species of falcon. OF. hober to move, stir. Cf. Hobby a horse.] (Zo\'94l.) A small, strong-winged European falcon (Falco subbuteo), formerly trained for hawking.

Hobby, Hobbyhorse

Hob"by (?), Hob"by*horse` (?), n. [OE. hobin a nag, OF. hobin hobby; cf. hober to stir, move; prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. Dan. hoppe a mare, dial. Sw. hoppa; perh. akin to E. hop to jump.]

1. A strong, active horse, of a middle size, said to have been originally from Ireland; an ambling nag. Johnson.

2. A stick, often with the head or figure of a horse, on which boys make believe to ride. [ Usually under the form hobbyhorse.]

3. A subject or plan upon which one is constantly setting off; a favorite and ever-recurring theme of discourse, thought, or effort; that which occupies one's attention unduly, or to the weariness of others; a ruling passion. [Usually under the form hobby.]

Not one of them has any hobbyhorse, to use the phrase of Sterne. Macaulay.

Hobbyhorsical

Hob`by*hors"ic*al (?), n. Pertaining to, or having, a hobby or whim; eccentric; whimsical.[Colloq.] Sterne.

Hobgoblin

Hob"gob`lin (?), n. [See 2d Hob, and Goblin.] A frightful goblin; an imp; a bugaboo; also, a name formerly given to the household spirit, Robin Goodfellow. Macaulay.

Hobiler

Hob"i*ler (?), n.[See 2d Hobbler.] A light horseman. See 2d Hobbler. [Obs.] Brande & C.

Hobit

Ho"bit (?), n. [See Howitzer.] (Mil.) A small mortar on a gun carriage, in use before the howitzer.

Hobnail

Hob"nail` (?), n. [1st hob + nail.]

1. A short, sharp-pointed, large-headed nail, -- used in shoeing houses and for studding the soles of heavy shoes.

2. A clownish person; a rustic. Milton. Hobnail liver (Med.), a disease in which the liver is shrunken, hard, and covered with projections like hobnails; one of the forms of cirrhosis of the liver.

Hobnail

Hob"nail`, v. t. To tread down roughly, as with hobnailed shoes.
Your rights and charters hobnailed into slush. Tennyson.

Hobnailed

Hob"nailed` (?), a. See with hobnails, as a shoe.

Hobnob

Hob"nob` (?), adv. [AS. habban to have + habban to have not; ne not + habban to have. See Have, and cf. Habnab.]

1. Have or have not; -- a familiar invitation to reciprocal drinking. Shak.

2. At random; hit or miss. (Obs.) Holinshed.

Hobnob

Hob"nob`, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hornobbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hornobbing.]

1. To drink familiarly (with another). [ Written also hob-a-nob.]

2. To associate familiarly; to be on intimate terms.

Hobnob

Hob"nob`, n. Familiar, social intercourse. W. Black.

Hobornob

Hob"or*nob` (?), adv. See Hobnob.

Hoboy

Ho"boy (?), n. A hautboy or oboe. [Obs.]

Hobson's choice

Hob"son's choice" (?). A choice without an alternative; the thing offered or nothing. &hand; It is said to have had its origin in the name of one Hobson, at Cambridge, England, who let horses, and required every customer to take in his turn the horse which stood next the stable door.

Hocco

Hoc"co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The crested curassow; -- called also royal pheasant. See Curassow.

Hochepot

Hoche"pot (?), n. Hotchpot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hock

Hock (?), n. [So called from Hochheim, in Germany.] A Rhenish wine, of a light yellow color, either sparkling or still. The name is also given indiscriminately to all Rhenish wines.

Hock, Hough

Hock, Hough (
, n. [ AS. h the heel; prob. akin to Icel. h\'besinn hock sinew, Dan. hasc, G. hechse, h\'84chse, LG. hacke, D.hak; also to L. coxa hip (cf. Cuisses), Skr. kaksha armpit. &root;12. Cf. Heel.]

1. (a) The joint in the hind limb of quadrupeds between the leg and shank, or tibia and tarsus, and corresponding to the ankle in man. (b) A piece cut by butchers, esp. in pork, from either the front or hind leg, just above the foot.

2. The popliteal space; the ham.

Hock

Hock, v. t. To disable by cutting the tendons of the hock; to hamstring; to hough.

Hockamore

Hock"a*more (?), n. [See 1st Hock.] A Rhenish wine. [Obs.] See Hock. Hudibras.

Hockday

Hock"day` (?), n. [Cf. AS. h&omac;cor mockery, scorn.] A holiday commemorating the expulsion of the Danes, formerly observed on the second Tuesday after Easter; -- called also hocktide. [Eng.] [Written also hokeday.]

Hockey

Hock"ey (?), n. [From Hook, n.]

1. A game in which two parties of players, armed with sticks curved or hooked at the end, attempt to drive any small object (as a ball or a bit of wood) toward opposite goals.

2. The stick used by the players. [Written also hookey and hawkey.]

Hockherb

Hock"herb` (?), n. (Bot.) The mallow.

Hockle

Hoc"kle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hockled(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hockling (?).] [From 2d Hock.]

1. To hamstring; to hock; to hough. Hanmer.

2. To mow, as stubble. Mason.

Hocus

Ho"cus (?), v. t. [See Hocus-pocus.]

1. To deceive or cheat. Halliwell.

2. To adulterate; to drug; as, liquor is said to be hocused for the purpose of stupefying the drinker. Dickens.

3. To stupefy with drugged liquor. Thackeray.

Hocus

Ho"cus, n.

1. One who cheats or deceives. South.

2. Drugged liquor.

Hocuspocus

Ho"cus*po"cus (?), n. [Prob. invented by jugglers in imitation of Latin. Cf. Hoax, Hocus .]

1. A term used by jugglers in pretended incantations.

2. A juggler or trickster. Sir T. Herbert.

3. A juggler's trick; a cheat; nonsense. Hudibras.

Hocuspocus

Ho"cus*po"cus, v. t. To cheat. [Colloq.] L'Estrange.

Hod

Hod (?), n. [Prov. E. for hold, i. e., that which holds. See Hold.]

1. A kind of wooden tray with a handle, borne on the shoulder, for carrying mortar, brick, etc.

2. A utensil for holding coal; a coal scuttle.

Hoddengray

Hod"den*gray` (?), a. [Perh. akin to E. hoiden rustic, clownish.] Applied to coarse cloth made of undyed wool, formerly worn by Scotch peasants. [Scot.]

Hoddy

Hod"dy (?), n. [Prob. for hooded.] (Zo\'94l.) See Dun crow, under Dun, a.

Hoddydoddy

Hod"dy*dod`dy (?), n. [Prob. E. also hoddypeke, hoddypoule, hoddymandoddy.] An awkward or foolish person. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Hodgepodge

Hodge"podge` (?), n. A mixed mass; a medley. See Hotchpot. Johnson.

Hodgkin's disease

Hodg`kin's dis*ease" (?). (Med.) A morbid condition characterized by progressive an\'91mia and enlargement of the lymphatic glands; -- first described by Dr. Hodgkin, an English physician.

Hodiern, Hodiernal

Ho"di*ern (?), Ho`di*er"nal (?), a. [L. hodiernus, fr. hodie today.] Of this day; belonging to the present day. [R.] Boyle. Quart. Rev.

Hodman

Hod"man (?), n.; pl. Hodmen( A man who carries a hod; a mason's tender.

Hodmandod

Hod"man*dod (?), n. [Obs.] See Dodman. Bacon.

Hodograph

Hod"o*graph (?), n. [Gr.graph.] (Math.) A curve described by the moving extremity of a line the other end of which is fixed, this line being constantly parallel to the direction of motion of, and having its length constantly proportional to the velocity of, a point moving in any path; -used in investigations respecting central forces.

Hodometer

Ho*dom"e*ter (?), n. See Odometer.

Hoe

Hoe (?), n. [OF. hoe, F. houe; of German origin, cf. OHG. houwa, howa, G. haue, fr. OHG. houwan to hew. See Hew to cut.]

1. A tool chiefly for digging up weeds, and arranging the earth about plants in fields and gardens. It is made of a flat blade of iron or steel having an eye or tang by which it is attached to a wooden handle at an acute angle.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The horned or piked dogfish. See Dogfish. Dutch hoe, one having the blade set for use in the manner of a spade. -- Horse hoe, a kind of cultivator.

Hoe

Hoe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoeing.] [Cf. F. houer.] To cut, dig, scrape, turn, arrange, or clean, with a hoe; as, to hoe the earth in a garden; also, to clear from weeds, or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe; as, to hoe corn. To hoe one's row, to do one's share of a job. [Colloq.]

Hoe

Hoe, v. i. To use a hoe; to labor with a hoe.

Hoecake

Hoe"cake` (?), n. A cake of Indian meal, water, and salt, baked before the fire or in the ashes; -- so called because often cooked on a hoe. [Southern U.S.]

Hoemother

Hoe"moth`er (?), n. [A local Orkney name; cf. Icel.h\'ber.] (Zo\'94l.) The basking or liver shark; -- called also homer. See Liver shark, under Liver.

Hoful

Ho"ful (?), a. [AS.hogful, hohful, fr. hogu care, anxiety.] Careful; wary. [Obs.] Stapleton.

Hog

Hog (?), n. [Prob. akin to E. hack to cut, and meaning orig., a castrated boar; cf. also W. hwch swine, sow, Armor. houc'h, hoc'h. Cf. Haggis, Hogget, and Hoggerel.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A quadruped of the genus Sus, and allied genera of Suid\'91; esp., the domesticated varieties of S. scrofa, kept for their fat and meat, called, respectively, lard and pork; swine; porker; specifically, a castrated boar; a barrow. &hand; The domestic hogs of Siam, China, and parts of Southern Europe, are thought to have been derived from Sus Indicus.

2. A mean, filthy, or gluttonous fellow. [Low.]

3. A young sheep that has not been shorn. [Eng.]

4. (Naut.) A rough, flat scrubbing broom for scrubbing a ship's bottom under water. Totten.

5. (Paper Manuf.) A device for mixing and stirring the pulp of which paper is made. Bush hog, Ground hog, etc. See under Bush, Ground, etc. -- Hog caterpillar (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the green grapevine sphinx; -- so called because the head and first three segments are much smaller than those behind them, so as to make a resemblance to a hog's snout. See Hawk moth. -- Hog cholera, an epidemic contagious fever of swine, attended by liquid, fetid, diarrhea, and by the appearance on the skin and mucous membrane of spots and patches of a scarlet, purple, or black color. It is fatal in from one to six days, or ends in a slow, uncertain recovery. Law (Farmer's Veter. Adviser. )-- Hog deer (Zo\'94l.), the axis deer. -- Hog gum (Bot.), West Indian tree (Symphonia globulifera), yielding an aromatic gum. -- Hog of wool, the trade name for the fleece or wool of sheep of the second year. -- Hog peanut (Bot.), a kind of earth pea. -- Hog plum (Bot.), a tropical tree, of the genus Spondias (S. lutea), with fruit somewhat resembling plums, but chiefly eaten by hogs. It is found in the West Indies. -- Hog's bean (Bot.), the plant henbane. -- Hog's bread.(Bot.) See Sow bread. -- Hog's fennel. (Bot.) See under Fennel. -- Mexican hog (Zo\'94l.), the peccary. -- Water hog. (Zo\'94l.) See Capybara.

Hog

Hog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hogging.]

1. To cut short like bristles; as, to hog the mane of a horse. Smart.

2. (Naut.) To scrub with a hog, or scrubbing broom.

Hog

Hog, v. i. (Naut.) To become bent upward in the middle, like a hog's back; -- said of a ship broken or strained so as to have this form.

Hogback

Hog"back` (?), n.

1. (Arch.) An upward curve or very obtuse angle in the upper surface of any member, as of a timber laid horizontally; -- the opposite of camber.

2. (Naut.) See Hogframe.

3. (Geol.) A ridge formed by tilted strata; hence, any ridge with a sharp summit, and steeply sloping sides.

Hogchain

Hog"chain` (?), n. A chain or tie rod, in a boat or barge, to prevent the vessel from hogging.

Hogchoker

Hog"chok`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An American sole (Achirus lineatus, or A. achirus), related to the European sole, but of no market value.

Hogcote

Hog"cote` (?), n. A shed for swine; a sty.

Hogfish

Hog"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large West Indian and Florida food fish (Lachnol\'91mus). (b) The pigfish or sailor's choice. (c) An American fresh-water fish; the log perch. (d) A large, red, spiny-headed, European marine fish (Scorp\'91na scrofa).

Hogframe

Hog"frame` (?), n. (Steam Vessels) A trussed frame extending fore and aft, usually above deck, and intended to increase the longitudinal strength and stiffness. Used chiefly in American river and lake steamers. Called also hogging frame, and hogback.

Hogged

Hogged (?), a. (Naut.) Broken or strained so as to have an upward curve between the ends. See Hog, v. i.

Hogger

Hog"ger (?), n. A stocking without a foot, worn by coal miners at work.

Hoggerel

Hog"ger*el (?), n. [From the same source as hog; prob. orig., a sheep clipped the first year. See Hog.] A sheep of the second year. [Written also hogrel.] Ash.

Hoggerpipe

Hog"ger*pipe` (?), n. (Mining) The upper terminal pipe of a mining pump. Raymond.
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Hogger-pump

Hog"ger-pump" (?), n. (Mining) The for pump in the pit. Raymond.

Hoggery

Hog"ger*y (?), n. Hoggish character or manners; selfishness; greed; beastliness.
Crime and shame And all their hoggery. Mrs. Browning.

Hogget

Hog"get (?), n. [See Hog, and Hoggerel.]

1. A young boar of the second year.

2. A sheep or colt alter it has passed its first year.

Hogging

Hog"ging (?), n. (Naut.) Drooping at the ends; arching;-in distinction from sagging. Hogging frame. See Hogframe.

Hoggish

Hog"gish (?), a. Swinish; gluttonous; filthy; selfish. -- Hog"gish*ly, adv. -- Hog"gish*ness, n.
Is not a hoggish life the height of some men's wishes? Shaftesbury.

Hogh

Hogh (h&omac;), n. [Icel. haugr hill, mound; akin to E. high. See High.] A hill; a cliff. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hogherd

Hog"herd (?), n. A swineherd. W. Browne.

Hogmanay

Hog`ma*nay" (, n. The old name, in Scotland, for the last day of the year, on which children go about singing, and receive a dole of bread or cakes; also, the entertainment given on that day to a visitor, or the gift given to an applicant. [Scot.]

Hognosesnake

Hog"nose`snake" (?). (Zo\'94l.) A harmless North American snake of the genus Heterodon, esp. H. platyrhynos; -- called also puffing adder, blowing adder, and sand viper.

Hognut

Hog"nut` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The pignut. See Hickory. (b) In England, the Bunium flexuosum, a tuberous plant.

Hogo

Ho"go (?), n. [Corrupted from F. haut go\'96t.] High flavor; strong scent. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Hogpen

Hog"pen` (?), n. A pen or sty for hogs.

Hogreeve

Hog"reeve` (?), n. [See Reeve.] A civil officer charged with the duty of impounding hogs running at large. [New Eng.] Bartlett.

Hogringer

Hog"ring`er (?), n. One who puts rings into the snouts of hogs.

Hog's-back

Hog's"-back` (?), n. (Geol.) A hogback.

Hogscore

Hog"score` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Curling) A distance lime brawn across the rink or course between the middle line and the tee. [Scot.]

Hogshead

Hogs"head (?), n. [D. okshoofd; akin to Sw. oxhufvud, Dan. oxehoved, G. oxhoft; apparently meaning orig., ox head, but it is not known why this name was given. Cf. Ox, Head.]

1. An English measure of capacity, containing 63 wine gallons, or about 52 &hand; The London hogshead of beer was 54 beer gallons, the London hogshead of ale was 48 ale gallons. Elsewhere in England the ale and beer hogsheads held 51 gallons. These measures are no longer in use, except for cider.

2. A large cask or barrel, of indefinite contents; esp. one containing from 100 to 140 gallons. [U. S.]

Hogskin

Hog"skin` (?), n. Leather tanned from a hog's skin. Also used adjectively.

Hogsty

Hog"sty` (?), n.; pl. Hogsties (. A pen, house, or inclosure, for hogs.

Hogwash

Hog"wash` (?), n. Swill. Arbuthnot.

Hogweed

Hog"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A common weed (Ambrosia artemisi\'91ge). See Ambrosia, 3. (b) In England, the Heracleum Sphondylium.

Hoiden

Hoi"den (?), n. [OE. hoydon a lout, rustic, OD. heyden a heathen, gypsy, vagabond, D. heiden, fr. OD. heyde heath, D. heide. See Heathen, Heath.] [Written also hoyden.]

1. A rude, clownish youth. [Obs.] Milton.

2. A rude, bold girl; a romp. H. Kingsley.

Hoiden

Hoi"den, a. Rustic; rude; bold. Younq.

Hoiden

Hoi"den, v. i. To romp rudely or indecently. Swift.

Hoidenhood

Hoi"den*hood (?), n. State of being a hoiden.

Hoidenish

Hoi"den*ish, a. Like, or appropriate to, a hoiden.

Hoise

Hoise (?), v. t. [See Hoist.] To hoist. [Obs.]
They . . . hoised up the mainsail to the wind. Acts xxvii. 40.

Hoist

Hoist (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoisting.] [OE. hoise, hyse, OD. hyssen, D. hijshen; akin to LG. hissen, Dan. hisse, Sw. hissa.] To raise; to lift; to elevate; esp., to raise or lift to a desired elevation, by means of tackle, as a sail, a flag, a heavy package or weight.
They land my goods, and hoist my flying sails. Pope.
Hoisting him into his father's throne. South.
Hoisting engine, a steam engine for operating a hoist.

Hoist

Hoist, n.

1. That by which anything is hoisted; the apparatus for lifting goods.

2. The act of hoisting; a lift. [Collog.]

3. (fly, or horizontal length when flying from a staff. (b) The height of a fore-and-aft sail next the mast or stay. Totten. Hoist bridge, a drawbridge that is lifted instead of being swung or drawn aside.

Hoist

Hoist, p. p. Hoisted. [Obs.]
'Tis the sport to have the enginer Hoist with his own petar. Shak.

Hoistaway

Hoist"a*way` (?), n. A mechanical lift. See Elevator.

Hoistway

Hoist"way` (?), n. An opening for the hoist, or

Hoit

Hoit (?), v. i. [Gf. W. hoetian to dally, dandle.] To leap; to caper; to romp noisily. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Hoity-toity

Hoi"ty-toi`ty (?), a. [From Hoit.] Thoughtless; giddy; flighty; also, haughty; patronizing; as, to be in hoity-toity spirits, or to assume hoity-toity airs; used also as an exclamation, denoting surprise or disapprobation, with some degree of contempt.
Hoity-toity! What have I to do with dreams? Congreve.

Hokeday

Hoke"day` (?), n. Same as Hockday.

Hoker

Ho"ker (?), n. [AS. h.] Scorn; derision; abusive talk. [Obs.] -- Ho"ker*ly, adv. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hol

Hol (?), a. [See Whole.] Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hoiaspidean

Hoi`as*pid"e*an (?), a. [Holo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having a single series of large scutes on the posterior side of the tarsus; -- said of certain birds.

Holcad

Hol"cad (?), n. [Gr. 'olka`s, -a`dos, a ship which is towed, a ship of burden, fr. 'e`lkein to draw. Gf. Hulk.] A large ship of burden, in ancient Greece. Mitford.

Hold

Hold (?), n. [D. hol hole, hollow. See Hole.] (Naut.) The whole interior portion of a vessel below the lower deck, in which the cargo is stowed.

Hold

Hold, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Held (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Holding. Holden (, p. p., is obs. in elegant writing, though still used in legal language.] [OE. haldan, D. houden, OHG. hoten, Icel. halda, Dan. holde, Sw. h\'86lla, Goth. haldan to feed, tend (the cattle); of unknown origin. Gf. Avast, Halt, Hod.]

1. To cause to remain in a given situation, position, or relation, within certain limits, or the like; to prevent from falling or escaping; to sustain; to restrain; to keep in the grasp; to retain.

The loops held one curtain to another. Ex. xxxvi. 12.
Thy right hand shall hold me. Ps. cxxxix. 10.
They all hold swords, being expert in war. Cant. iii.
In vain he seeks, that having can not hold. Spenser.
France, thou mayst hold a serpent by the tongue, . . . A fasting tiger safer by the tooth, Than keep in peace that hand which thou dost hold. Shak.

2. To retain in one's keeping; to maintain possession of, or authority over; not to give up or relinquish; to keep; to defend.

We mean to hold what anciently we claim Of deity or empire. Milton.

3. To have; to possess; to be in possession of; to occupy; to derive title to; as, to hold office.

This noble merchant held a noble house. Chaucer.
Of him to hold his seigniory for a yearly tribute. Knolles.
And now the strand, and now the plain, they held. Dryden.

4. To impose restraint upon; to limit in motion or action; to bind legally or morally; to confine; to restrain.

We can not hold mortality's strong hand. Shak.
Death! what do'st? O,hold thy blow. Grashaw.
He hat not sufficient judgment and self-command to hold his tongue. Macaulay.

5. To maintain in being or action; to carry on; to prosecute, as a course of conduct or an argument; to continue; to sustain.

Hold not thy peace, and be not still. Ps. lxxxiii. 1.
Seedtime and harvest, heat and hoary frost, Shall hold their course. Milton.

6. To prosecute, have, take, or join in, as something which is the result of united action; as to, hold a meeting, a festival, a session, etc.; hence, to direct and bring about officially; to conduct or preside at; as, the general held a council of war; a judge holds a court; a clergyman holds a service.

I would hold more talk with thee. Shak.

7. To receive and retain; to contain as a vessel; as, this pail holds milk; hence, to be able to receive and retain; to have capacity or containing power for.

Broken cisterns that can hold no water. Jer. ii. 13.
One sees more devils than vast hell can hold. Shak.

8. To accept, as an opinion; to be the adherent of, openly or privately; to persist in, as a purpose; to maintain; to sustain.

Stand fast and hold the traditions which ye have been taught. 2 Thes. ii.15.
But still he held his purpose to depart. Dryden.

9. To consider; to regard; to esteem; to account; to think; to judge.

I hold him but a fool. Shak.
I shall never hold that man my friend. Shak.
The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. Ex. xx. 7.

10. To bear, carry, or manage; as he holds himself erect; he holds his head high.

Let him hold his fingers thus. Shak.
To hold a wager, to lay or hazard a wager. Swift. -- To hold forth, to offer; to exhibit; to propose; to put forward. "The propositions which books hold forth and pretend to teach." Locke. -- To held in, to restrain; to curd. -- To hold in hand, to toy with; to keep in expectation; to have in one's power. [Obs.]
O, fie! to receive favors, return falsehoods, And hold a lady in hand. Beaw. & Fl.
--To hold in play, to keep under control; to dally with. Macaulay. -- To hold off, to keep at a distance. -- To hold on, to hold in being, continuance or position; as, to hold a rider on. -- To hold one's day, to keep one's appointment. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To hold one's own. <-- Note! There is no (b) in the original -->(a) To keep good one's present condition absolutely or relatively; not to fall off, or to lose ground; as, a ship holds her own when she does not lose ground in a race or chase; a man holds his own when he does not lose strength or weight. -- To hold one's peace, to keep silence.- To hold out. (a) To extend; to offer. "Fortune holds out these to you as rewards." B. Jonson. (b) To continue to do or to suffer; to endure. "He can not long hold out these pangs." Shak. -- To hold up. (a) To raise; to lift; as, hold up your head. (b) To support; to sustain. "He holds himself up in virtue."Sir P. Sidney. (c) To exhibit; to display; as, he was held up as an example. (d) To rein in; to check; to halt; as, hold up your horses. -- To hold water. (a) Literally, to retain water without leaking; hence (Fig.), to be whole, sound, consistent, without gaps or holes; -- commonly used in a negative sense; as, his statements will not hold water. [Collog.] (b) (Naut.) To hold the oars steady in the water, thus checking the headway of a boat.

Hold

Hold, n. i. In general, to keep one's self in a given position or condition; to remain fixed. Hence:

1. Not to more; to halt; to stop;-mostly in the imperative.

And damned be him that first cries, "Hold, enough!" Shak.

2. Not to give way; not to part or become separated; to remain unbroken or unsubdued.

Our force by land hath nobly held. Shak.

3. Not to fail or be found wanting; to continue; to last; to endure a test or trial; to abide; to persist.

While our obedience holds. Milton.
The rule holds in land as all other commodities. Locke.

4. Not to fall away, desert, or prove recreant; to remain attached; to cleave;-often with with, to, or for.

He will hold to the one and despise the other. Matt. vi. 24

5. To restrain one's self; to refrain.

His dauntless heart would fain have held From weeping, but his eyes rebelled. Dryden.

6. To derive right or title; -- generally with of.

My crown is absolute, and holds of none. Dryden.
His imagination holds immediately from nature. Hazlitt.
Hold on! Hold up! wait; stop; forbear. [Collog] -- To hold forth, to speak in public; to harangue; to preach. L'Estrange. -- To hold in, to restrain one's self; as, he wanted to laugh and could hardly hold in. -- To hold off, to keep at a distance. -- To hold on, to keep fast hold; to continue; to go on. "The trade held on for many years," Swift. -- To hold out, to last; to endure; to continue; to maintain one's self; not to yield or give way. -- To hold over, to remain in office, possession, etc., beyond a certain date. -- To hold to ∨ with, to take sides with, as a person or opinion. -- To hold together, to be joined; not to separate; to remain in union. Dryden. Locke. -- To hold up. (a) To support one's self; to remain unbent or unbroken; as, to hold up under misfortunes. (b) To cease raining; to cease to stop; as, it holds up. Hudibras. (c) To keep up; not to fall behind; not to lose ground. Collier.

Hold

Hold (?), n.

1. The act of holding, as in or with the hands or arms; the manner of holding, whether firm or loose; seizure; grasp; clasp; gripe; possession; -- often used with the verbs take and lay.

Ne have I not twelve pence within mine hold. Chaucer.
Thou should'st lay hold upon him. B. Jonson.
My soul took hold on thee. Addison.
Take fast hold of instruction. Pror. iv. 13.

2. The authority or ground to take or keep; claim.

The law hath yet another hold on you. Shak.

3. Binding power and influence.

Fear . . . by which God and his laws take the surest hold of. Tillotson.

4. Something that may be grasped; means of support.

If a man be upon an high place without rails or good hold, he is ready to fall. Bacon.

5. A place of confinement; a prison; confinement; custody; guard.

They . . . put them in hold unto the next day. Acts. iv. 3.
King Richard, he is in the mighty hold Of Bolingbroke. Shak.

6. A place of security; a fortified place; a fort; a castle; -- often called a stronghold. Chaucer.

New comers in an ancient hold Tennyson.

7. (Mus.) A character [thus pause, and corona.

Holdback

Hold"back` (?), n.

1. Check; hindrance; restraint; obstacle.

The only holdback is the affection . . . that we bear to our wealth. Hammond.

2. The projection or loop on the thill of a vehicle. to which a strap of the harness is attached, to hold back a carriage when going down hill, or in backing; also, the strap or part of the harness so used.

Holder

Hold"er, ( n. One who is employed in the hold of a vessel.

Holder

Hold"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, holds.

2. One who holds land, etc., under another; a tenant.

3. (Com.) The payee of a bill of exchange or a promissory note, or the one who owns or holds it. &hand; Holder is much used as the second part of a compound; as, shareholder, officeholder, stockholder,etc.

Holder-forth

Hold"er-forth` (?), n. One who speaks in public; an haranguer; a preacher. Addison.

Holdfast

Hold"fast` (?), n.

1. Something used to secure and hold in place something else, as a long fiat-headed nail, a catch a hook, a clinch, a clamp, etc.; hence, a support. "His holdfast was gone." Bp. Montagu.

2. (Bot.) A conical or branching body, by which a seaweed is attached to its support, and differing from a root in that it is not specially absorbent of moisture.

Holding

Hold"ing, n.

1. The act or state of sustaining, grasping, or retaining.

2. A tenure; a farm or other estate held of another.

3. That which holds, binds, or influences. Burke.

4. The burden or chorus of a song. [Obs.] Shak. Holding note (Mus.), a note sustained in one part, while the other parts move.

Hole

Hole (?), a. Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hole

Hole, n. [OE. hol, hole, AS. hol, hole, cavern, from hol, a., hollow; akin to D. hol, OHG. hol, G. hohl, Dan.huul hollow, hul hole, Sw. h\'86l, Icel. hola; prob. from the root of AS. helan to conceal. See Hele, Hell, and cf. Hold of a ship.]

1. A hollow place or cavity; an excavation; a pit; an opening in or through a solid body, a fabric, etc.; a perforation; a rent; a fissure.

The holes where eyes should be. Shak.
The blind walls Were full of chinks and holes. Tennyson.
The priest took a chest, and bored a hole in the lid. 2 Kings xii. 9.

2. An excavation in the ground, made by an animal to live in, or a natural cavity inhabited by an animal; hence, a low, narrow, or dark lodging or place; a mean habitation. Dryden.

The foxes have holes, . . . but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head. Luke ix. 58.
Syn. -- Hollow; concavity; aperture; rent; fissure; crevice; orifice; interstice; perforation; excavation; pit; cave; den; cell. Hole and corner, clandestine, underhand. [Colloq.] "The wretched trickery of hole and corner buffery. " Dickens. -- Hole board (Fancy Weaving), a board having holes through which cords pass which lift certain warp threads; -- called also compass board.
Page 699

Hole

Hole (?), v. t. [AS. holian. See Hole, n.]

1. To cut, dig, or bore a hole or holes in; as, to hole a post for the insertion of rails or bars. Chapman.

2. To drive into a hole, as an animal, or a billiard ball.

Hole

Hole, v. i. To go or get into a hole. B. Jonson.

Holethnic

Hol*eth"nic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a holethnos or parent race.
The holethnic history of the Arians. London Academy.

Holethnos

Hol*eth"nos (?), n. [Holo + Gr. A parent stock or race of people, not yet divided into separate branches or tribes.

Holibut

Hol"i*but (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Halibut.

Holidam

Hol"i*dam (?), n. [Obs.] See Halidom.

Holiday

Hol"i*day (?), n. [Holy + day.]

1. A consecrated day; religious anniversary; a day set apart in honor of some person, or in commemoration of some event. See Holyday.

2. A day of exemption from labor; a day of amusement and gayety; a festival day.

And young and old come forth to play On a sunshine holiday. Milton.

3. (Law) A day fixed by law for suspension of business; a legal holiday. &hand; In the United States legal holidays, so called, are determined by law, commonly by the statutes of the several States. The holidays most generally observed are: the 22d day of February (Washington's birthday), the 30th day of May (Memorial day), the 4th day of July (Independence day), the 25th day of December (Christmas day). In most of the States the 1st day of January is a holiday. When any of these days falls on Sunday, usually the Monday following is observed as the holiday. In many of the States a day in the spring (as Good Friday, or the first Thursday in April), and a day in the fall (as the last Thursday in November) are now regularly appointed by Executive proclamation to be observed, the former as a day of fasting and prayer, the latter as a day of thanksgiving and are kept as holidays. In England, the days of the greater church feasts (designated in the calendar by a red letter, and commonly called red-letter days) are observed as general holidays. Bank holidays are those on which, by act of Parliament, banks may suspend business. Although Sunday is a holiday in the sense of a day when business is legally suspended, it is not usually included in the general term, the phrase "Sundays and holidays" being more common. The holidays, any fixed or usual period for relaxation or festivity; especially, Christmas and New Year's day with the intervening time.

Holiday

Hol`i*day, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a festival; cheerful; joyous; gay. Shak.

2. Occurring rarely; adapted for a special occasion.

Courage is but a holiday kind of virtue, to be seldom exercised. Dryden.

Holily

Ho"li*ly (?), adv. [From Holy.]

1. Piously; with sanctity; in a holy manner.

2. Sacredly; inviolably. [R.] Shak.

Holiness

Ho"li*ness, n. [AS. h&amac;lignes.]

1. The state or quality of being holy; perfect moral integrity or purity; freedom from sin; sanctity; innocence.

Who is like thee, glorious in holiness! Ex. xv. 11.

2. The state of being hallowed, or consecrated to God or to his worship; sacredness.

Israel was holiness unto the Lord. Jer.ii.3.
His holiness, a title of the pope; -- formerly given also to Greek bishops and Greek emperors. Syn. -- Piety; devotion; godliness; sanctity; sacredness; righteousness.

Holing

Hol"ing (?), n. [See Hole a hollow.] (Mining) Undercutting in a bed of coal, in order to bring down the upper mass. Raymond.

Holla

Hol"la (?), interj. [F. hola; ho ho + l\'85 there, fr. L. illac that way, there. Cf. Hollo.] Hollo.

Holla

Hol"la, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hollaed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hollaing.] See Hollo, v. i.

Holland

Hol"land (?), n. A kind of linen first manufactured in Holland; a linen fabric used for window shades, children's garments, etc.; as, brown or unbleached hollands.

Hollander

Hol"land*er (?), n.

1. A native or one of the people of Holland; a Dutchman.

2. A very hard, semi-glazed, green or dark brown brick, which will not absorb water; -- called also, Dutch clinker. Wagner.

Hollandish

Hol"land*ish, a. Relating to Holland; Dutch.

Hollands

Hol"lands (?), n.

1. Gin made in Holland.

2. pl. See Holland.

Hollo

Hol*lo" (?), interj. & n. [See Halloo, and cf. Holla.] Ho there; stop; attend; hence, a loud cry or a call to attract attention; a halloo.
And every day, for food or play, Came to the mariner's hollo. Coleridge.

Hollo

Hol"lo (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Holloed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Holloing.] [See Hollo, intery., and cf. Halloo.] To call out or exclaim; to halloo.

Holloa

Hol*loa" (?), interj., n. & v. i. Same as Hollo.

Hollow

Hol"low (?), a. [OE. holow, holgh, holf, AS. holh a hollow, hole. Cf. Hole.]

1. Having an empty space or cavity, natural or artificial, within a solid substance; not solid; excavated in the interior; as, a hollow tree; a hollow sphere.

Hollow with boards shalt thou make it. Ex. xxvii. 8..

2. Depressed; concave; gaunt; sunken.

With hollow eye and wrinkled brow. Shak.

3. Reverberated from a cavity, or resembling such a sound; deep; muffled; as, a hollow roar. Dryden.

4. Not sincere or faithful; false; deceitful; not sound; as, a hollow heart; a hollow friend. Milton. Hollow newel (Arch.), an opening in the center of a winding staircase in place of a newel post, the stairs being supported by the wall; an open newel; also, the stringpiece or rail winding around the well of such a staircase. -- Hollow quoin (Engin.), a pier of stone or brick made behind the lock gates of a canal, and containing a hollow or recess to receive the ends of the gates. -- Hollow root. (Bot.) See Moschatel. -- Hollow square. See Square. -- Hollow ware, hollow vessels; -- a trade name for cast-iron kitchen utensils, earthenware, etc. Syn.- Concave; sunken; low; vacant; empty; void; false; faithless; deceitful; treacherous.

Hollow

Hol"low (?), n.

1. A cavity, natural or artificial; an unfilled space within anything; a hole, a cavern; an excavation; as the hollow of the hand or of a tree.

2. A low spot surrounded by elevations; a depressed part of a surface; a concavity; a channel.

Forests grew Upon the barren hollows. Prior.
I hate the dreadful hollow behind the little wood. Tennyson.

Hollow

Hol"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hollowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hollowing.] To make hollow, as by digging, cutting, or engraving; to excavate. "Trees rudely hollowed." Dryden.

Hollow

Hol"low, adv. Wholly; completely; utterly; -- chiefly after the verb to beat, and often with all; as, this story beats the other all hollow. See All, adv. [Collog.]
The more civilized so-called Caucasian races have beaten the Turks hollow in the struggle for existence. Darwin.

Hollow

Hol*low" (?), interj. [See Hollo.] Hollo.

Hollow

Hol"low (?), v. i. To shout; to hollo.
Whisperings and hollowings are alike to a deaf ear. Fuller.

Hollow

Hol"low, v. t. To urge or call by shouting.
He has hollowed the hounds. Sir W. Scott.

Hollow-hearted

Hol"low-heart`ed (?), a. Insincere; deceitful; not sound and true; having a cavity or decayed spot within. Syn. -- Faithless; dishonest; false; treacherous.

Hollow-horned

Hol"low-horned` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having permanent horns with a bony core, as cattle.

Hollowly

Hol"low*ly, adv. Insincerely; deceitfully. Shak.

Hollowness

Hol"low*ness, n.

1. State of being hollow. Bacon.

2. Insincerity; unsoundness; treachery. South.

Holly

Hol"ly (?), adv. Wholly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Holly

Hol"ly (?), n. [OE holi, holin, AS. holen, holegn; akin to D. & G. hulst, OHG. huls hulis, W. celyn, Armor. kelen, Gael. cuilionn, Ir. cuileann. Cf. 1st Holm, Hulver.]

1. (Bot.) A tree or shrub of the genus Ilex. The European species (Ilex Aguifolium) is best known, having glossy green leaves, with a spiny, waved edge, and bearing berries that turn red or yellow about Michaelmas. &hand; The holly is much used to adorn churches and houses, at Christmas time, and hence is associated with scenes of good will and rejoicing. It is an evergreen tree, and has a finegrained, heavy, white wood. Its bark is used as a febrifuge, and the berries are violently purgative and emetic. The American holly is the Ilex opaca, and is found along the coast of the United States, from Maine southward. Gray.

2. (Bot.) The holm oak. See 1st Holm. Holly-leaved oak (Bot.), the black scrub oak. See Scrub oak. -- Holly rose (Bot.), a West Indian shrub, with showy, yellow flowers (Turnera ulmifolia). -- Sea holly (Bot.), a species of Eryngium. See Eryngium.

Hollyhock

Hol"ly*hock (?), n. [OE. holihoc; holi holy + hoc mallow, AS. hoc; cf. W. hocys mallows, hocys bendigaid hollyhock, lit., blessed mallow. Prob. so named because brought from the Holy Land. See Holy.] (Bot.) A species of Alth\'91a (A. rosea), bearing flowers of various colors; -- called also rose mallow.

Holm

Holm (?), n. [OE., prob. from AS. holen holly; as the holly is also called holm. See Holly.] (Bot.) A common evergreen oak, of Europe (Quercus Ilex); -- called also ilex, and holly.

Holm

Holm (?), n. [AS. holm, usually meaning, sea, water; akin to Icel. h&omac;lmr, holmr, an island, Dan. holm, Sw. holme, G. holm, and prob. to E. hill. Cf. Hill.]

1. An islet in a river. J. Brand.

2. Low, flat land. Wordsworth.

The soft wind blowing over meadowy holms. Tennyson.
Holm thrush (Zo\'94l.), the missel thrush.

Holmia

Hol"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) An oxide of holmium.

Holmium

Hol"mi*um (?), n. [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Chem.) A rare element said to be contained in gadolinite. -- Hol"mic (#), a.

Holmos

Hol"mos (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek & Etrus. Antiq.) A name given to a vase having a rounded body; esp.: (a) A closed vessel of nearly spherical form on a high stem or pedestal. Fairholt. (b) A drinking cup having a foot and stem.

Holo-

Hol"o- (?). A combining form fr. Gr. "o`los whole.

Holoblast

Hol"o*blast (?), n. [Holo + -blast.] (Biol.) an ovum composed entirely of germinal matter. See Meroblast.

Holoblastic

Hol`o*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Undergoing complete segmentation; composed entirely of germinal matter, the whole of the yolk undergoing fission; -- opposed to meroblastic.

Holocaust

Hol"o*caust (?), n. [L. holocaustum, Gr. "o'los whole + kaysto`s burnt, fr. kai`ein to burn (cf. Caustic): cf. F. holocauste.]

1. A burnt sacrifice; an offering, the whole of which was consumed by fire, among the Jews and some pagan nations. Milton.

2. Sacrifice or loss of many lives, as by the burning of a theater or a ship. [An extended use not authorized by careful writers.]

Holocephali

Hol`o*ceph"a*li (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. "o`los whole + (Zo\'94l.) An order of elasmobranch fishes, including, among living species, only the chim\'91ras; -- called also Holocephala. See Chim\'91ra; also Illustration in Appendix.

Holocryptic

Hol`o*cryp"tic (?), a. [Holo-+ Gr. to conceal.] Wholly or completely concealing; incapable of being deciphered. Holocryptic cipher, a cipher so constructed as to afford no clew to its meaning to one ignorant of the key.

Holocrystalline

Hol`o*crys"tal*line (?), a. [Holo + crystalline.] (Min.) Completely crystalline; -- said of a rock like granite, all the constituents of which are crystalline. <-- hologram. n. a photographic image giving the observer a seemingly three-dimensional view of the represented object. The three-dimensional effect is produced by exposing a photographic recording medium to an interference pattern generated by a coherent beam of light (as from a laser) reflected from the subject, interacting with a beam directly from the source. The full three-dimensional effect requires illumination of the image with coherent light, but less perfect three-dimensional effects may also be observed when the hologram is illuminated with white light. -->

Holograph

Hol"o*graph (?), n. [L.holographus entirely autograph, Gr. "olo`grafos; "o`los whole + gra`fein to write: cf. F. holographe, olographe.] A document, as a letter, deed, or will, wholly in the handwriting of the person from whom it proceeds and whose act it purports to be.

Holographic

Hol`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of the nature of a holograph; pertaining to holographs.

Holohedral

Hol`o*he"dral (?), a. [Holo + Gr. (Crystallog.) Having all the planes required by complete symmetry, -- in opposition to hemihedral.

Holohemihedral

Hol`o*hem`i*he"dral (?), a. [Holo- + hemihedral.] (Crystallog.) Presenting hemihedral forms, in which all the sectants have halt the whole number of planes. Dana.

Holometabola

Hol`o*me*tab"o*la (?), n. pl. [NL. See Holo-, and Metabola.] (Zo\'94l.) Those insects which have a complete metamorphosis; metabola.

Holometabolic

Hol`o*met`a*bol"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a complete metamorphosis;-said of certain insects, as the butterflies and bees.

Holometer

Ho*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Holo + -meter: cf. F. holometre.] An instrument for making of angular measurements.

Holophanerous

Hol`o*phan"er*ous (?), a. [Holo + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Holometabolic.

Holophotal

Hol`o*pho"tal (?), a. [Holo + Gr. (Opt.) Causing no loss of light; -- applied to reflectors which throw back the rays of light without perceptible loss.

Holophote

Hol"o*phote (?), n. A lamp with lenses or reflectors to collect the rays of light and throw them in a given direction; -- used in lighthouses.

Holophrastic

Hol`o*phras"tic (?), a. [Holo + Gr. holophrastique.] Expressing a phrase or sentence in a single word, -- as is the case in the aboriginal languages of America.

Holophytic

Hol`o*phyt"ic (?), a. [Holo + Gr. Wholly or distinctively vegetable. Holophytic nutrition (, that form of nutrition, characteristic of vegetable organisms, in which carbonic acid, ammonia, and nitrates are absorbed as food, in distinction from the animal mode of nutrition, by the ingestion of albuminous matter.

Holorhinal

Hol`o*rhi"nal (?), a. [Holo + Gr. (Anat.) Having the nasal bones contiguous.

Holosiderite

Hol`o*sid"er*ite (?), n. [Holo + siderite.] (Min.) Meteoric iron; a meteorite consisting of metallic iron without stony matter.

Holostean

Ho*los"te*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Holostei.

Holostei

Ho*los"te*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole + (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of ganoids, including the gar pike, bowfin, etc.; the bony ganoids. See Illustration in Appendix.

Holosteric

Hol`o*ster"ic (?), a. [Holo + Gr.stereo`s solid.] Wholly solid; -- said of a barometer constructed of solid materials to show the variations of atmospheric pressure without the use of liquids, as the aneroid.

Holostomata

Hol`o*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "o`los whole + sto`ma, -atos, mouth.] (Zo\'94l.) An artificial division of gastropods, including those that have an entire aperture.

Holostomate

Ho*los"to*mate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Holostomatous.

Holostomatous

Hol`o*stom"a*tous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having an entire aperture; -- said of many univalve shells.

Holostome

Hol"o*stome (?), n. [Holo + Gr. sto`ma mouth.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Holostomata.

Holostraca

Ho*los"tra*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of phyllopod Crustacea, including those that are entirely covered by a bivalve shell.

Holothure

Hol"o*thure (?), n. [L. holothuria, pl., a sort of water polyp, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A holothurian.

Holothurian

Hol`o*thu"ri*an (?), a. ( -- n. One of the Holothurioidea. &hand; Some of the species of Holothurians are called sea cucumbers, sea slugs, trepang, and b\'88che de m\'8ar. Many are used as food, esp. by the Chinese. See Trepang.

Holothurioidea

Hol`o*thu`ri*oi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Holothure, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the classes of echinoderms. They have a more or less elongated body, often flattened beneath, and a circle of tentacles, which are usually much branched, surrounding the mouth; the skin is more or less flexible, and usually contains calcareous plates of various characteristic forms, sometimes becoming large and scalelike. Most of the species have five bands (ambulacra) of sucker-bearing feet along the sides; in others these are lacking. In one group (Pneumonophora) two branching internal gills are developed; in another (Apneumona) these are wanting. Called also Holothurida, Holothuridea, and Holothuroidea.
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Holotricha

Ho*lot"ri*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of ciliated Infusoria, having cilia all over the body.

Holour

Hol"our (?), n. [OF.holier.] A whoremonger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Holp, Holpen

Holp (?), Hol"pen (?), imp. & p. p. of Help. [Obs.] Shak.

Holsom

Hol"som (?), a. Wholesome. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Holster

Hol"ster (?), n. [D. holster; skin to AS. heolstor den, cave, fr.helan to conceal, and to Icel. hulstr case, Goth.hulistr covering, veil, huljan to cover. &root;17. See Hele to cover, Hell, and cf. Housing, Houss.] A leather case for a pistol, carried by a horseman at the bow of his saddle<--, or worn on the person suspended from a belt-->.

Holstered

Hol"stered (?), a. Bearing holsters. Byron.

Holt

Holt (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hold, contr. from holdeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Holt

Holt, n. [AS. holt; akin to LG.holt, D.hout, G. holz. Icel. holt; cf Gael. & Ir.coill wood, Gr.

1. A piece of woodland; especially, a woody hill. "Every holt and heath." Chaucer.

She sent her voice though all the holt Before her, and the park. Tennyson.

2. A deep hole in a river where there is protection for fish; also, a cover, a hole, or hiding place. " The fox has gone to holt." C. Kingsley.

Holwe

Hol"we (?), a. Hollow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Holy

Ho"ly (?), a. [Compar. Holier (?); superl. Holiest.] [OE. holi, hali, AS.h\'belig, fr. h\'91l health, salvation, happiness, fr. h\'bel whole, well; akin to OS. h, D. & G.heilig, OHG. heilac, Dan. hellig, Sw. helig, Icel. heilagr. See Whole, and cf. Halibut, Halidom, Hallow, Hollyhock.]

1. Set apart to the service or worship of God; hallowed; sacred; reserved from profane or common use; holy vessels; a holy priesthood. "Holy rites and solemn feasts." Milton.

2. Spiritually whole or sound; of unimpaired innocence and virtue; free from sinful affections; pure in heart; godly; pious; irreproachable; guiltless; acceptable to God.

Now through her round of holy thought The Church our annual steps has brought. Keble.
Holy Alliance (Hist.), a league ostensibly for conserving religion, justice, and peace in Europe, but really for repressing popular tendencies toward constitutional government, entered into by Alexander I. of Russia, Francis I. of Austria, and Frederic William III. of Prussia, at Paris, on the 26th of September, 1815, and subsequently joined by all the sovereigns of Europe, except the pope and the king of England. -- Holy bark. See Cascara sagrada. -- Holy Communion. See Eucharist. -- Holy family (Art), a picture in which the infant Christ, his parents, and others of his family are represented. -- Holy Father, a title of the pope. -- Holy Ghost (Theol.),the third person of the Trinity; the Comforter; the Paraclete. -- Holy Grail. See Grail. -- Holy grass (Bot.), a sweet-scented grass (Hierochloa borealis and H. alpina). In the north of Europe it was formerly strewed before church doors on saints' days; whence the name. It is common in the northern and western parts of the United States. Called also vanilla, ∨ Seneca, grass. -- Holy Innocents' day, Childermas day. -- Holy Land, Palestine, the birthplace of Christianity. -- Holy office, the Inquisition. -- Holy of holies (Script.), the innermost apartment of the Jewish tabernacle or temple, where the ark was kept, and where no person entered, except the high priest once a year. -- Holy One. (a) The Supreme Being; -- so called by way of emphasis. " The Holy One of Israel." Is. xliii. 14. (b) One separated to the service of God. -- Holy orders. See Order. -- Holy rood, the cross or crucifix, particularly one placed, in churches. over the entrance to the chancel. -- Holy rope, a plant, the hemp agrimony. -- Holy Saturday (Eccl.), the Saturday immediately preceding the festival of Easter; the vigil of Easter. -- Holy Spirit, same as Holy Ghost (above). -- Holy Spirit plant. See Dove plant. -- Holy thistle (Bot.), the blessed thistle. See under Thistle. -- Holy Thursday. (Eccl.) (a) (Episcopal Ch.) Ascension day. (b) (R. C. Ch.) The Thursday in Holy Week; Maundy Thursday. -- Holy war, a crusade; an expedition carried on by Christians against the Saracens in the Holy Land, in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries, for the possession of the holy places. -- Holy water (Gr. & R. C. Churches), water which has been blessed by the priest for sacred purposes. -- Holy-water stoup, the stone stoup or font placed near the entrance of a church, as a receptacle for holy water. -- Holy Week (Eccl.), the week before Easter, in which the passion of our Savior is commemorated. -- Holy writ, the sacred Scriptures. " Word of holy writ." Wordsworth.

Holy cross

Ho"ly cross" (?; 115). The cross as the symbol of Christ's crucifixion. Congregation of the Holy Cross (R. C. Ch.), a community of lay brothers and priests, in France and the United States, engaged chiefly in teaching and manual Labor. Originally called Brethren of St. Joseph. The Sisters of the Holy Cross engage in similar work. Addis & Arnold. -- Holy-cross day, the fourteenth of September, observed as a church festival, in memory of the exaltation of our Savior's cross.

Holyday

Ho"ly*day` (?), n.

1. A religious festival.

2. A secular festival; a holiday. &hand; Holiday is the preferable and prevailing spelling in the second sense. The spelling holy day or holyday in often used in the first sense.

Holystone

Ho"ly*stone` (?), n. (Naut.) A stone used by seamen for scrubbing the decks of ships. Totten.

Holystone

Ho"ly*stone`, v. t. (Naut.) To scrub with a holystone, as the deck of a vessel.

Homacanth

Hom"a*canth (?), a. [Homo + Gr. a spine.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the dorsal fin spines symmetrical, and in the same line; -- said of certain fishes.

Homage

Hom"age (?), n. [OF.homage, homenage, F. hommage, LL. hominaticum, homenaticum, from L. homo a man, LL. also, a client, servant, vassal; akin to L. humus earth, Gr.groom in bridegroom. Cf. Bridegroom, Human.]

1. (Feud. Law) A symbolical acknowledgment made by a feudal tenant to, and in the presence of, his lord, on receiving investiture of fee, or coming to it by succession, that he was his man, or vassal; profession of fealty to a sovereign.

2. Respect or reverential regard; deference; especially, respect paid by external action; obeisance.

All things in heaven and earth do her [Law] homage. Hooker.
I sought no homage from the race that write. Pope.

3. Reverence directed to the Supreme Being; reverential worship; devout affection. Chaucer. Syn. -- Fealty; submission; reverence; honor; respect. -- Homage, Fealty. Homage was originally the act of a feudal tenant by which he declared himself, on his knees, to be the hommage or bondman of the lord; hence the term is used to denote reverential submission or respect. Fealty was originally the fidelity of such a tenant to his lord, and hence the term denotes a faithful and solemn adherence to the obligations we owe to superior power or authority. We pay our homage to men of pre\'89minent usefulness and virtue, and profess our fealty to the principles by which they have been guided.

Go, go with homage yon proud victors meet ! Go, lie like dogs beneath your masters' feet ! Dryden.
Man, disobeying, Disloyal, breaks his fealty, and sins Against the high supremacy of heaven. Milton.

Homage

Hom"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Homaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Homaging.] [Cf. OF. hommager.]

1. To pay reverence to by external action. [R.]

2. To cause to pay homage. [Obs.] Cowley.

Homageable

Hom"age*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. hommageable.] Subject to homage. Howell.

Homager

Hom"a*ger (?), n. [From Homage: cf. F. hommager.] One who does homage, or holds land of another by homage; a vassal. Bacon.

Homalographic

Hom`a*lo*graph"ic (?), a. Same as Homolographic.

Homaloid, Homaloidal

Hom"a*loid (?), Hom`a*loid"al (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Geom.) Flat; even; -- a term applied to surfaces and to spaces, whether real or imagined, in which the definitions, axioms, and postulates of Euclid respecting parallel straight lines are assumed to hold true.

Homarus

Hom"a*rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of decapod Crustacea, including the common lobsters. -- Hom"a*roid (#), a.

Homatropine

Ho*mat"ro*pine (?), n. [Homo- + atropine.] (Med.) An alkaloid, prepared from atropine, and from other sources. It is chemically related to atropine, and is used for the same purpose.

Homaxonial

Hom`ax*o"ni*al (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. an axle, axis.] (Biol.) Relating to that kind of homology or symmetry, the mathematical conception of organic form, in which all axes are equal. See under Promorphology.

Home

Home (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Homelyn.

Home

Home (110), n. [OE. hom, ham, AS. h\'bem; akin to OS. hem, D. & G. heim, Sw. hem, Dan. hiem, Icel. heimr abode, world, heima home, Goth. haims village, Lith. k\'89mas, and perh. to Gr.hind a peasant; cf. Skr.ksh abode, place of rest, security, kshi to dwell.

1. One's own dwelling place; the house in which one lives; esp., the house in which one lives with his family; the habitual abode of one's family; also, one's birthplace.

The disciples went away again to their own home. John xx. 10.
Home is the sacred refuge of our life. Dryden.
Home! home! sweet, sweet home! There's no place like home. Payne.

2. One's native land; the place or country in which one dwells; the place where one's ancestors dwell or dwelt. "Our old home [England]." Hawthorne.

3. The abiding place of the affections, especially of the domestic affections.

He entered in his house -- his home no more, For without hearts there is no home. Byron.

4. The locality where a thing is usually found, or was first found, or where it is naturally abundant; habitat; seat; as, the home of the pine.

Her eyes are homes of silent prayer. Tennyson.
Flandria, by plenty made the home of war. Prior.

5. A place of refuge and rest; an asylum; as, a home for outcasts; a home for the blind; hence, esp., the grave; the final rest; also, the native and eternal dwelling place of the soul.

Man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets. Eccl. xii. 5.

6. (Baseball) The home base; he started for home. At home.(a) At one's own house, or lodgings. (b) In one's own town or country; as, peace abroad and at home. (c) Prepared to receive callers. -- Home department, the department of executive administration, by which the internal affairs of a country are managed. [Eng.] To be at home on any subject, to be conversant or familiar with it. -- To feel at home, to be at one's ease. -- To make one's self at home, to conduct one's self with as much freedom as if at home. Syn. -- Tenement; house; dwelling; abode; domicile.

Home

Home (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to one's dwelling or country; domestic; not foreign; as home manufactures; home comforts.

2. Close; personal; pointed; as, a home thrust. Home base (Baseball), the base at which the batsman stands and which is the last goal in making a run. -- Home farm, grounds, etc., the farm, grounds, etc., adjacent to the residence of the owner. -- Home lot, an inclosed plot on which the owner's home stands. [U. S.] -- Home rule, rule or government of an appendent or dependent country, as to all local and internal legislation, by means of a governing power vested in the people within the country itself, in contradistinction to a government established by the dominant country; as, home rule in Ireland. Also used adjectively; as, home-rule members of Parliament. -- Home ruler, one who favors or advocates home rule. -- Home run (Baseball), a complete circuit of the bases made before the batted ball is returned to the home base. -- Home stretch (Sport.), that part of a race course between the last curve and the winning post. -- Home thrust, a well directed or effective thrust; one that wounds in a vital part; hence, in controversy, a personal attack.

Home

Home, adv.

1. To one's home or country; as in the phrases, go home, come home, carry home.

2. Close; closely.

How home the charge reaches us, has been made out. South.
They come home to men's business and bosoms. Bacon.

3. To the place where it belongs; to the end of a course; to the full length; as, to drive a nail home; to ram a cartridge home.

Wear thy good rapier bare and put it home. Shak.
&hand; Home is often used in the formation of compound words, many of which need no special definition; as, home-brewed, home-built, home-grown, etc. To bring home. See under Bring. -- To come home.(a) To touch or affect personally. See under Come. (b) (Naut.) To drag toward the vessel, instead of holding firm, as the cable is shortened; -- said of an anchor. -- To haul home the sheets of a sail (Naut.), to haul the clews close to the sheave hole. Totten.

Homeborn

Home"born` (?), a.

1. Native; indigenous; not foreign. Donne. Pope.

2. Of or pertaining to the home or family.

Fireside enjoyments, homeborn happiness. Cowper.

Home-bound

Home"-bound` (?), a. Kept at home.

Home-bred

Home"-bred` (?), a.

1. Bred at home; domestic; not foreign. " Home-bred mischief." Milton.

Benignity and home-bred sense. Wordsworth.

2. Not polished; rude; uncultivated.

Only to me home-bred youths belong. Dryden.

Home-coming

Home-com`ing (?), n. Return home.
Kepeth this child, al be it foul or fayr, And eek my wyf, unto myn hoom-cominge. Chaucer.

Home-driven

Home"-driv`en (?), a. Driven to the end, as a nail; driven close.

Home-dwelling

Home"-dwell`ing (?), a. Keeping at home.

Home-felt

Home"-felt` (?), a. Felt in one's own breast; inward; private. "Home-felt quiet. Pope.

Homefield

Home"field` (?), n. Afield adjacent to its owner's home. Hawthorne.

Home-keeping

Home"-keep`ing (?), a. Staying at home; not gadding.
Home-keeping youth have ever homely wits. Shak.

Home-keeping

Home"-keep`ing, n. A staying at home.

Homeless

Home"less, a. [AS.h\'bemleas.] Destitute of a home. -- Home"less*ness, n.

Homelike

Home"like` (?), a. Like a home; comfortable; cheerful; cozy; friendly.

Homelily

Home"li*ly (?), adv. Plainly; inelegantly. [R.]

Homeliness

Home"li*ness, n. [From Homely.]

1. Domesticity; care of home. [Obs.] "Wifely homeliness." Chaucer.

2. Familiarity; intimacy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. Plainness; want of elegance or beauty.

4. Coarseness; simplicity; want of refinement; as, the homeliness of manners, or language. Addison.

Homeling

Home"ling (?), n. A person or thing belonging to a home or to a particular country; a native; as, a word which is a homeling. Trench.

Homely

Home"ly, a. [Compar. Homelier (?); superl. Homeliest.] [From Home, n.]

1. Belonging to, or having the characteristics of, home; domestic; familiar; intimate. [Archaic]

With all these men I was right homely, and communed with, them long and oft. Foxe.
Their homely joys, and destiny obscure. Gray.

2. Plain; unpretending; rude in appearance; unpolished; as, a homely garment; a homely house; homely fare; homely manners.

Now Strephon daily entertains His Chloe in the homeliest strains. Pope.

3. Of plain or coarse features; uncomely; -- contrary to handsome.

None so homely but loves a looking-glass. South.

Homely

Home"ly, adv. Plainly; rudely; coarsely; as, homely dressed. [R.] Spenser.

Homelyn

Home"lyn (?), n. [Scot. hommelin.] (Zo\'94l) The European sand ray (Raia maculata); -- called also home, mirror ray, and rough ray.

Homemade

Home"made` (?), a. Made at home; of domestic manufacture; made either in a private family or in one's own country. Locke.

Homeopath

Ho"me*o*path (?), n. [Cf. F. hom\'82opathe.] A practitioner of homeopathy. [Written also homoeopath.]
Page 701

Homeopathic

Ho`me*o*path"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hom\'82opathique.] Of or pertaining to homeopathy; according to the principles of homeopathy. [Also hom\'d2pathic.]

Homeopathically

Ho`me*o*path"ic*al*ly (?), adv. According to the practice of homeopathy. [Also hom\'d2pathically.]

Homeopathist

Ho`me*op"a*thist (?), n. A believer in, or practitioner of, homeopathy. [Written also hom\'d2pathist.]

Homeopathy

Ho*me*op"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. Same) + hom\'82opathie
. See Pathos.]
(Med.) The art of curing, founded on resemblances; the theory and its practice that disease is cured (tuto, cito, et jucunde) by remedies which produce on a healthy person effects similar to the symptoms of the complaint under which the patient suffers, the remedies being usually administered in minute doses. This system was founded by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann, and is opposed to allopathy, or heteropathy. [Written also hom\'d2pathy.]

Homer

Hom"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A carrier pigeon remarkable for its ability to return home from a distance.

Homer

Ho"mer (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Hoemother.

Homer

Ho"mer, n. [Heb. kh\'d3mer.] A Hebrew measure containing, as a liquid measure, ten baths, equivalent to fifty-five gallons, two quarts, one pint; and, as a dry measure, ten ephahs, equivalent to six bushels, two pecks, four quarts. [Written also chomer, gomer.]

Homeric

Ho*mer"ic (?), a. [L. Homericus, Gr. Of or pertaining to Homer, the most famous of Greek poets; resembling the poetry of Homer. Homeric verse, hexameter verse; -- so called because used by Homer in his epics.

Homesick

Home"sick` (?), a. Pining for home; in a nostalgic condition. -- Home"sick`ness, n.

Home-speaking

Home"-speak`ing (?), n. Direct, forcible, and effective speaking. Milton.

Homespun

Home"spun (?), a.

1. Spun or wrought at home; of domestic manufacture; coarse; plain. "Homespun country garbs." W. Irving.

2. Plain in manner or style; not elegant; rude; coarse. "Our homespun English proverb." Dryden. "Our homespun authors." Addison.

Homespun

Home"spun, n.

1. Cloth made at home; as, he was dressed in homespun.

2. An unpolished, rustic person. [Obs.] Shak.

Homestall

Home"stall` (?), n. [AS. h\'bemsteall.] Place of a home; homestead. Cowper.

Homestead

Home"stead (?), n. [AS. h\'bemstede.]

1. The home place; a home and the inclosure or ground immediately connected with it. Dryden.

2. The home or seat of a family; place of origin.

We can trace them back to a homestead on the Rivers Volga and Ural. W. Tooke.

3. (Law) The home and appurtenant land and buildings owned by the head of a family, and occupied by him and his family. Homestead law. (a) A law conferring special privileges or exemptions upon owners of homesteads; esp., a law exempting a homestead from attachment or sale under execution for general debts. Such laws, with limitations as to the extent or value of the property, exist in most of the States. Called also homestead exemption law. (b) Also, a designation of an Act of Congress authorizing and regulating the sale of public lands, in parcels of 160 acres each, to actual settlers. [U.S.]

Homesteader

Home"stead*er (?), n. One who has entered upon a portion of the public land with the purpose of acquiring ownership of it under provisions of the homestead law, so called; one who has acquired a homestead in this manner. [Local, U.S.]

Homeward

Home"ward (?), a. Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.

Homeward, Homewards

Home"ward (?), Home"wards (?), adv. [AS. h\'bemweard.] Toward home; in the direction of one's house, town, or country. Homeward bound, bound for home; going homeward; as, the homeward bound fleet.

Homicidal

Hom"i*ci`dal (?), a. Pertaining to homicide; tending to homicide; murderous.

Homicide

Hom"i*cide (?), n. [F., fr. L. homicidium, fr. homicida a man slayer; homo man + caedere to cut, kill. See Homage, and cf. Concise, Shed, v. t.]

1. The killing of one human being by another. &hand; Homicide is of three kinds: justifiable, as when the killing is performed in the exercise of a right or performance of a duty; excusable, as when done, although not as duty or right, yet without culpable or criminal intent; and felonious, or involving what the law terms malice; the latter may be either manslaughter or murder. Bouvier.

2. One who kills another; a manslayer. Chaucer. Shak.

Homiform

Hom"i*form (?), a. [L. homo man + -form.] In human form. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Homilete

Hom"i*lete (?), n. A homilist.

Homiletic, Homiletical

Hom`i*let"ic (?), Hom`i*let"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. homil\'82tique. See Homily.]

1. Of or pertaining to familiar intercourse; social; affable; conversable; companionable. [R.]

His virtues active, chiefly, and homiletical, not those lazy, sullen ones of the cloister. Atterbury.

2. Of or pertaining to homiletics; hortatory.

Homiletics

Hom`i*let"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. homil\'82tique.] The art of preaching; that branch of theology which treats of homilies or sermons, and the best method of preparing and delivering them.

Homilist

Hom"i*list (?), n. One who prepares homilies; one who preaches to a congregation.

Homilite

Hom"i*lite (?), n. [From Gr. (Min.) A borosilicate of iron and lime, near datolite in form and composition.

Homily

Hom"i*ly (?), n.; pl. Homilies (#). [LL. homilia, Gr. hom\'82lie. See Same.]

1. A discourse or sermon read or pronounced to an audience; a serious discourse. Shak.

2. A serious or tedious exhortation in private on some moral point, or on the conduct of life.

As I have heard my father Deal out in his long homilies. Byron.
Book of Homilies. A collection of authorized, printed sermons, to be read by ministers in churches, esp. one issued in the time of Edward VI., and a second, issued in the reign of Elizabeth; -- both books being certified to contain a "godly and wholesome doctrine."

Homing

Hom"ing (?), a. Home-returning; -- used specifically of carrier pigeons.

Hominy

Hom"i*ny (?), n. [From North American Indian auh\'a3minea parched corn.] Maize hulled and broken, and prepared for food by being boiled in water. [U.S.] [Written also homony.]

Homish

Hom"ish (?), a. Like a home or a home circle.
Quiet, cheerful, homish hospital life. E. E. Hale.

Hommock

Hom"mock (?), n. A small eminence of a conical form, of land or of ice; a knoll; a hillock. See Hummock. Bartram.

Hommocky

Hom"mock*y (?), a. Filled with hommocks; piled in the form of hommocks; -- said of ice.

Homo-

Ho"mo- (?). A combining form from Gr. "omo`s, one and the same, common, joint.

Homocategoric

Ho`mo*cat`e*gor"ic (?), a. [Homo- + categoric.] (Biol.) Belonging to the same category of individuality; -- a morphological term applied to organisms so related.

Homocentric

Ho`mo*cen"tric (?), a. [Gr. homocentrique.] Having the same center.

Homocercal

Ho`mo*cer"cal (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the tail nearly or quite symmetrical, the vertebral column terminating near its base; -- opposed to heterocercal.

Homocercy

Ho"mo*cer`cy (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The possession of a homocercal tail.

Homocerebrin

Ho`mo*cer`e*brin (?), n. [Homo- + rebrin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body similar to, or identical with, cerebrin.

Homochromous

Ho`mo*chro"mous (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. (Bot.) Having all the florets in the same flower head of the same color.

Homodemic

Ho`mo*dem"ic (?), a. [Homo- + 1st deme, 2.] (Biol.) A morphological term signifying development, in the case of multicellular organisms, from the same unit deme or unit of the inferior orders of individuality.

Homodermic

Ho`mo*der"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to homodermy; originating from the same germ layer.

Homodermy

Ho"mo*der`my (?), n. [Homo- + -derm.] (Biol.) Homology of the germinal layers.

Homodont

Hom"o*dont (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. (Anat.) Having all the teeth similar in front, as in the porpoises; -- opposed to heterodont.

Homodromal, Homodromous

Ho*mod"ro*mal (?), Ho*mod"ro*mous (?), a. [Homo- + Gr.

1. (Bot.) Running in the same direction; -- said of stems twining round a support, or of the spiral succession of leaves on stems and their branches.

2. (Mech.) Moving in the same direction; -- said of a lever or pulley in which the resistance and the actuating force are both on the same side of the fulcrum or axis.

Homodynamic

Ho`mo*dy*nam"ic (?), a. Homodynamous. Quain.

Homodynamous

Ho`mo*dy"na*mous (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or involving, homodynamy; as, successive or homodynamous parts in plants and animals.

Homodynamy

Ho`mo*dy"na*my (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The homology of metameres. See Metamere. Gegenbaur.

Hom\'d2omeria

Ho`m\'d2*o*me"ri*a (?), n. [L., from Gr. The state or quality of being homogeneous in elements or first principles; likeness or identity of parts.

Hom\'d2omeric, Hom\'d2omerical

Ho`m\'d2*o*mer"ic (?), Ho`m\'d2*o*mer"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, sameness of parts; receiving or advocating the doctrine of homogeneity of elements or first principles.

Hom\'d2omerous

Ho`m\'d2*om"er*ous (?), a. (Anat.) Having the main artery of the leg parallel with the sciatic nerve; -- said of certain birds.

Hom\'d2omery

Ho`m\'d2*om"e*ry (?), n. [Gr. -metry.] Same as Hom\'d2omeria. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Hom\'d2omorphism

Ho`m\'d2*o*mor"phism (?), n. [See Hom\'d2omorphous.] A near similarity of crystalline forms between unlike chemical compounds. See Isomorphism.

Hom\'d2omorphous

Ho`m\'d2*o*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. Manifesting hom\'d2omorphism.

Hom\'d2opathic, a., Hom\'d2opathist, n., Hom\'d2opathy

Ho`m\'d2*o*path"ic, a., Ho`m\'d2*op"a*thist, n., Ho`m\'d2*op"a*thy, n.
Same as Homeopathic, Homeopathist, Homeopathy.

Hom\'d2othermal

Ho`m\'d2*o*ther"mal (?), a. See Homoiothermal.

Hom\'d2ozoic

Ho`m\'d2*o*zo"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or including, similar forms or kinds of life; as, hom\'d2ozoic belts on the earth's surface. E. Forbes.

Homogamous

Ho*mog"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having all the flowers alike; -- said of such composite plants as Eupatorium, and the thistels.

Homogamy

Ho*mog"a*my (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being homogamous.

Homogangliate

Ho`mo*gan"gli*ate (?), a. [Homo- + gangliate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the ganglia of the nervous system symmetrically arranged, as in certain invertebrates; -- opposed to heterogangliate.

Homogene

Ho"mo*gene (?), a. [Cf. F. homog\'8ane.] Homogeneous. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Homogeneal

Ho`mo*ge"ne*al (?), a. Homogeneous.

Homogenealness

Ho`mo*ge"ne*al*ness, n. Homogeneousness.

Homogeneity

Ho`mo*ge*ne"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. homog\'82n\'82it\'82.] Same as Homogeneousness.

Homogeneous

Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous (?), a. [Gr. homog\'8ane. See Same, and Kin.]

1. Of the same kind of nature; consisting of similar parts, or of elements of the like nature; -- opposed to heterogeneous; as, homogeneous particles, elements, or principles; homogeneous bodies.

2. (Alg.) Possessing the same number of factors of a given kind; as, a homogeneous polynomial.

Homogeneousness

Ho`mo*ge"ne*ous*ness, n. Sameness 9kind or nature; uniformity of structure or material.

Homogenesis

Ho`mo*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Homo- + genesis.] (Biol.) That method of reproduction in which the successive generations are alike, the offspring, either animal or plant, running through the same cycle of existence as the parent; gamogenesis; -- opposed to heterogenesis.

Homogenetic

Ho`mo*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Homogenous; -- applied to that class of homologies which arise from similarity of structure, and which are taken as evidences of common ancestry.

Homogenous

Ho*mog"e*nous (?), a. (Biol.) Having a resemblance in structure, due to descent from a common progenitor with subsequent modification; homogenetic; -- applied both to animals and plants. See Homoplastic.

Homogeny

Ho*mog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr.

1. Joint nature. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Biol.) The correspondence of common descent; -- a term used to supersede homology by Lankester, who also used homoplasy to denote any superinduced correspondence of position and structure in parts embryonically distinct (other writers using the term homoplasmy). Thus, there is homogeny between the fore limb of a mammal and the wing of a bird; but the right and left ventricles of the heart in both are only in homoplasy with each other, these having arisen independently since the divergence of both groups from a univentricular ancestor.

Homogonous

Ho*mog"o*nous, a. [Gr. Homogeneous.] (Bot.) Having all the flowers of a plant alike in respect to the stamens and pistils.

Homogony

Ho*mog"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of having homogonous flowers.

Homograph

Hom"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. "omo`grafos with the same letters; "omo`s the same + gra`fein to write.] (Philol.) One of two or more words identical in orthography, but having different derivations and meanings; as, fair, n., a market, and fair, a., beautiful.

Homographic

Ho`mo*graph"ic (?), a.

1. Employing a single and separate character to represent each sound; -- said of certain methods of spelling words.

2. (Geom.) Possessing the property of homography.

Homography

Ho*mog"ra*phy (?), n.

1. That method of spelling in which every sound is represented by a single character, which indicates that sound and no other.

2. (Geom.) A relation between two figures, such that to any point of the one corresponds one and but one point in the other, and vise versa. Thus, a tangent line rolling on a circle cuts two fixed tangents of the circle in two sets of points that are homographic.

Homoioptoton

Ho*moi`op*to"ton (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure in which the several parts of a sentence end with the same case, or inflection generally.

Homoiothermal

Ho*moi`o*ther"mal (?), a. [Gr. thermal.] (Physiol.) Maintaining a uniform temperature; h\'91matothermal; homothermic; -- applied to warm-bodied animals, because they maintain a nearly uniform temperature in spite of the great variations in the surrounding air; in distinct from the cold-blooded (poikilothermal) animals, whose body temperature follows the variations in temperature of the surrounding medium.

Homoiousian

Ho`moi*ou"si*an (?), n. [Gr. "o`moios + o'ysi`a the substance, being, essence.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of the semi-Arians of the 4th century, who held that the Son was of like, but not the same, essence or substance with the Father; -- opposed to homoousian.

Homoiousian

Ho`moi*ou"si*an, a. Of or pertaining to Homoiousians, or their belief.

Homologate

Ho*mol"o*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Homologated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Homologating.] [LL. homologatus, p.p. of homologare to homologate; Gr. Homologous.] (Civ. Law) To approve; to allow; to confirm; as, the court homologates a proceeding. Wheaton.

Homologation

Ho*mol`o*ga"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. homologation.] (Civ. & Scots Law) Confirmation or ratification (as of something otherwise null and void), by a court or a grantor.

Homological

Ho`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to homology; having a structural affinity proceeding from, or base upon, that kind of relation termed homology. -- Ho`mo*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Homologinic

Ho*mol`o*gin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or characterized by, homology; as, homologinic qualities, or differences.

Homologize

Ho*mol"o*gize (?), v. t. (Biol.) To determine the homologies or structural relations of.

Homologon

Ho*mol"o*gon (?), n. [NL.] See Homologue.

Homologoumena

Hom`o*lo*gou"me*na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Homologous.] Those books of the New Testament which were acknowledged as canonical by the early church; -- distinguished from antilegomena.

Homologous

Ho*mol"o*gous (?), a. [Gr. Having the same relative position, proportion, value, or structure. Especially: (a) (Geom.) Corresponding in relative position and proportion.
In similar polygons, the corresponding sides, angles, diagonals, etc., are homologous. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ).
(b) (Alg.) Having the same relative proportion or value, as the two antecedents or the two consequents of a proportion. (c) (Chem.) Characterized by homology; belonging to the same type or series; corresponding in composition and properties. See Homology,

3. (d) (Biol.) Being of the same typical structure; having like relations to a fundamental type to structure; as, those bones in the hand of man and the fore foot of a horse are homologous that correspond in their structural relations, that is, in thier relations to the type structure of the fore limb in vertebrates. Homologous stimulus. (Physiol.) See under Stimulus.


Page 702

Homolographic

Hom`o*lo*graph"ic (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. graph + -ic; but cf. F. homalographique, Gr. Preserving the mutual relations of parts, especially as to size and form; maintaining relative proportion. Homolographic projection, a method of constructing geographical charts or maps, so that the surfaces, as delineated on a plane, have the same relative size as the real surfaces; that is, so that the relative actual areas of the different countries are accurately represented by the corresponding portions of the map.

Homologue

Hom"o*logue (?), n. [Cf. F. homologue. See Homologous.] That which is homologous to something else; as, the corresponding sides, etc., of similar polygons are the homologues of each other; the members or terms of an homologous series in chemistry are the homologues of each other; one of the bones in the hand of man is the homologue of that in the paddle of a whale.

Homology

Ho*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. Homologous.]

1. The quality of being homologous; correspondence; relation; as, the homologyof similar polygons.

2. (Biol.) Correspondence or relation in type of structure in contradistinction to similarity of function; as, the relation in structure between the leg and arm of a man; or that between the arm of a man, the fore leg of a horse, the wing of a bird, and the fin of a fish, all these organs being modifications of one type of structure. &hand; Homology indicates genetic relationship, and according to Haeckel special homology should be defined in terms of identity of embryonic origin. See Homotypy, and Homogeny.

3. (Chem.) The correspondence or resemblance of substances belonging to the same type or series; a similarity of composition varying by a small, regular difference, and usually attended by a regular variation in physical properties; as, there is an homology between methane, CH4, ethane, C2H6, propane, C3H8, etc., all members of the paraffin series. In an extended sense, the term is applied to the relation between chemical elements of the same group; as, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are said to be in homology with each other. Cf. Heterology. General homology (Biol.), the higher relation which a series of parts, or a single part, bears to the fundamental or general type on which the group is constituted. Owen. -- Serial homology (Biol.), representative or repetitive relation in the segments of the same organism, -- as in the lobster, where the parts follow each other in a straight line or series. Owen. See Homotypy. -- Special homology (Biol.), the correspondence of a part or organ with those of a different animal, as determined by relative position and connection. Owen.

Homomallous

Ho*mom"al*lous (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. (Bot.) Uniformly bending or curving to one side; -- said of leaves which grow on several sides of a stem.

Homomorphic, Homomorphous

Ho`mo*mor"phic (?), Ho`mo*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. Characterized by homomorphism.

Homomorphism

Ho`mo*mor"phism (?), n. [See Homomorphous.]

1. (Biol.) Same as Homomorphy.

2. (Bot.) The possession, in one species of plants, of only one kind of flowers; -- opposed to heteromorphism, dimorphism, and trimorphism.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The possession of but one kind of larv\'91 or young, as in most insects. <-- 4. (Math) A special type of mapping of one mathematical set into or onto another set . . . -->

Homomorphy

Ho"mo*mor`phy (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. (Biol.) Similarity of form; resemblance in external characters, while widely different in fundamental structure; resemblance in geometric ground form. See Homophyly, Promorphology.

Homonomous

Ho*mon"o*mous (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to homonomy.

Homonomy

Ho*mon"o*my (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. (Biol.) The homology of parts arranged on transverse axes. Haeckel.

Homonym

Hom"o*nym (?), n. [Cf. F. homonyme. See Homonymous.] A word having the same sound as another, but differing from it in meaning; as the noun bear and the verb bear. [Written also homonyme.]

Homonymous

Ho*mon"y*mous (?), a. [L. homonymus, Gr. name.]

1. Having the same name or designation; standing in the same relation; -- opposed to heteronymous.

2. Having the same name or designation, but different meaning or relation; hence, equivocal; ambiguous.

Homonymously

Ho*mon"y*mous*ly, adv.

1. In an homonymous manner; so as to have the same name or relation.

2. Equivocally; ambiguously.

Homonymy

Ho*mon"y*my (?), n. [Gr. homonymie.]

1. Sameness of name or designation; identity in relations. Holland.

Homonymy may be as well in place as in persons. Fuller.

2. Sameness of name or designation of things or persons which are different; ambiguity.

Homo\'94rgan

Ho`mo*\'94r"gan (?). [Homo- + organ.] Same as Homoplast.

Homoousian

Ho`mo*ou"si*an (?), n. [Gr. (Eccl. Hist.) One of those, in the 4th century, who accepted the Nicene creed, and maintained that the Son had the same essence or substance with the Father; -- opposed to homoiousian.

Homoousian

Ho`mo*ou"si*an, a. Of or pertaining to the Homoousians, or to the doctrines they held.

Homophone

Hom"o*phone (?), n. [Cf. F. homophone. See Homophonous.]

1. A letter or character which expresses a like sound with another. Gliddon.

2. A word having the same sound as another, but differing from it in meaning and usually in spelling; as, all and awl; bare and bear; rite, write, right, and wright.

Homophonic, Homophonous

Ho`mo*phon"ic (?), Ho*moph"o*nous (?), a. [Gr. homophone.]

1. (Mus.) (a) Originally, sounding alike; of the same pitch; unisonous; monodic. (b) Now used for plain harmony, note against note, as opposed to polyphonic harmony, in which the several parts move independently, each with its own melody.

2. Expressing the same sound by a different combination of letters; as, bay and bey.

Homophony

Ho*moph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. homophonie.]

1. Sameness of sound.

2. (Mus.) (a) Sameness of sound; unison. (b) Plain harmony, as opposed to polyphony. See Homophonous.

Homophylic

Ho`mo*phyl"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to homophily.

Homophyly

Ho*moph"y*ly (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. (Biol.) That form of homology due to common ancestry (phylogenetic homology), in opposition to homomorphy, to which genealogic basis is wanting. Haeckel.

Homoplasmy

Ho"mo*plas`my (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. (Biol.) Resemblance between different plants or animals, in external shape, in general habit, or in organs, which is not due to descent from a common ancestor, but to similar surrounding circumstances.

Homoplast

Hom"o*plast (?), n. (Biol.) One of the plastids composing the idorgan of Haeckel; -- also called homo\'94rgan.

Homoplastic

Ho`mo*plas"tic (?), a. [Homo- + plastic.] Of or pertaining to homoplasty; as, homoplasticorgans; homoplastic forms.

Homoplasty

Ho"mo*plas`ty (?), n. [Homo- + plasty.] (Biol.) The formation of homologous tissues.

Homoplasy

Ho*mop"la*sy (?), n. [Homo- + Gr. (Biol.) See Homogeny.

Homopolic

Ho`mo*pol"ic (?), a. [Homo- + pole.] (Biol.) In promorphology, pertaining to or exhibiting that kind of organic form, in which the stereometric ground form is a pyramid, with similar poles. See Promorphology.

Homopter

Ho*mop"ter (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Homoptera.

Homoptera

Ho*mop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Hemiptera, in which both pairs of wings are similar in texture, and do not overlap when folded, as in the cicada. See Hemiptera.

Homopteran

Ho*mop"ter*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An homopter.

Homopterous

Ho*mop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Homoptera.

Homostyled

Ho"mo*styled (?), a. [Homo- + style.] (Bot.) Having only one form of pistils; -- said of the flowers of some plants. Darwin.

Homosystemic

Ho`mo*sys*tem"ic (?), a. [Homo- + systemic.] (Biol.) Developing, in the case of multicellular organisms, from the same embryonic systems into which the secondary unit (gastrula or plant enbryo) differentiates.

Homotaxia

Ho`mo*tax"i*a (?), n. [NL.] Same as Homotaxis.

Homotaxial, Homotaxic

Ho`mo*tax"i*al (?), Ho`mo*tax"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to homotaxis.

Homotaxis

Ho`mo*tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) Similarly in arrangement of parts; -- the opposite of heterotaxy.

Homotaxy

Ho"mo*tax`y (?), n. Same as Homotaxis.

Homothermic, Homothermous

Ho`mo*ther"mic (?), Ho`mo*ther"mous (?), a. [Homo- + Gr. (Physiol.) Warm-blooded; homoiothermal; h\'91matothermal.

Homotonous

Ho*mot"o*nous (?), a. [L. homotonus, Gr. Of the same tenor or tone; equable; without variation.

Homotropal, Homotropous

Ho*mot"ro*pal (?), Ho*mot"ro*pous (?), a. [Gr. homotrope.]

1. Turned in the same direction with something else.

2. (Bot.) Having the radicle of the seed directed towards the hilum.

Homotypal

Ho"mo*ty`pal (?), a. (Biol.) Of the same type of structure; pertaining to a homotype; as, homotypal parts.

Homotype

Hom"o*type (?), n. [Homo- + -type.] (Biol.) That which has the same fundamental type of structure with something else; thus, the right arm is the homotype of the right leg; one arm is the homotype of the other, etc. Owen.

Homotypic, Homotypical

Ho`mo*typ"ic (?), Ho`mo*typ"ic*al (?), a. (Biol.) Same as Homotypal.

Homotypy

Ho"mo*ty`py (?), n. [See Homotype.] (Biol.) A term suggested by Haeckel to be instead of serial homology. See Homotype.

Homunculus

Ho*mun"cu*lus (?), n.; pl. Homunculi (#). [L., dim. of homo man.] A little man; a dwarf; a manikin. Sterne.

Hond

Hond (?), n. Hand. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hone

Hone (?), v. i. [Etymology uncertain. &root;37.] To pine; to lament; to long. Lamb.

Hone

Hone, n. [Cf. Icel. h a knob.] A kind of swelling in the cheek.

Hone

Hone, n. [AS. h\'ben; akin to Icel. hein, OSw. hen; cf. Skr. \'87\'be, also \'87\'d3, \'87i, to sharpen, and E. cone. &root;38, 228.] A stone of a fine grit, or a slab, as of metal, covered with an abrading substance or powder, used for sharpening cutting instruments, and especially for setting razors; an oilstone. Tusser. Hone slateSee Polishing slate. -- Hone stone, one of several kinds of stone used for hones. See Novaculite.

Hone

Hone, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Honed (?); p]. pr. & vb. n. Honing.] To sharpen on, or with, a hone; to rub on a hone in order to sharpen; as, to hone a razor.

Honest

Hon"est (?), a. [OE. honest, onest, OF. honeste, oneste, F. honn\'88te, L. honestus, fr. honos, honor, honor. See Honor.]

1. Decent; honorable; suitable; becoming. Chaucer.

Belong what honest clothes you send forth to bleaching! Shak.

2. Characterized by integrity or fairness and straightas, an honest judge or merchant; an honest statement; an honest bargain; an honest business; an honest book; an honest confession.

An honest man's the noblest work of God. Pope.
An honest physician leaves his patient when he can contribute no farther to his health. Sir W. Temple.
Look ye out among you seven men of honest report. Acts vi. 3.
Provide things honest in the sight of all men. Rom. xii. 17.

3. Open; frank; as, an honest countenance.

4. Chaste; faithfuk; virtuous.

Wives may be merry, and yet honest too. Shak.
Syn. -- Upright; ingenuous; honorable; trusty; faithful; equitable; fair; just; rightful; sincere; frank; candid; genuine.

Honest

Hon"est, v. t. [L. honestare to clothe or adorn with honor: cf. F. honester. See Honest, a.] To adorn; to grace; to honor; to make becoming, appropriate, or honorable. [Obs.] Abp. Sandys.

Honestation

Hon`es*ta"tion (?), n. The act of honesting; grace; adornment. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

Honestetee

Ho*nes"te*tee (?), n. Honesty; honorableness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Honestly

Hon"est*ly (?), adv.

1. Honorably; becomingly; decently. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. In an honest manner; as, a contract honestly made; to live honestly; to speak honestly. Shak. To come honestly by. (a) To get honestly. (b) A circumlocution for to inherit; as, to come honestly by a feature, a mental trait, a peculiarity.

Honesty

Hon"es*ty (?), n. [OE. honeste, oneste, honor, OF. honest\'82, onest\'82 (cf. F. honn\'88tet\'82), L. honestas. See Honest, a.]

1. Honor; honorableness; dignity; propriety; suitableness; decency. [Obs.] Chaucer.

She derives her honesty and achieves her goodness. Shak.

2. The quality or state of being honest; probity; fairness and straightforwardness of conduct, speech, etc.; integrity; sincerity; truthfulness; freedom from fraud or guile.

That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty. 1 Tim. ii. 2.

3. Chastity; modesty. Chaucer.

To lay . . . siege to the honesty of this Ford's wife. Shak.

4. (Bot.) Satin flower; the name of two cruciferous herbs having large flat pods, the round shining partitions of which are more beautiful than the blossom; -- called also lunary and moonwort. Lunaria biennis is common honesty; L. rediva is perennial honesty. Syn. -- Integrity; probity; uprightness; trustiness; faithfulness; honor; justice; equity; fairness; candor; plain-dealing; veracity; sincerity.

Honewort

Hone"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant of the genus Sison (S.Amomum); -- so called because used to cure a swelling called a hone.

Honey

Hon"ey (?), n. [OE. honi, huni, AS. hunig; akin to OS. honeg, D. & G. honig, OHG. honag, honang, Icel. hunang, Sw. h\'86ning, Dan. honning, cf. Gr. kaa grain.]

1. A sweet viscid fluid, esp. that collected by bees from flowers of plants, and deposited in the cells of the honeycomb.

2. That which is sweet or pleasant, like honey.

The honey of his language. Shak.

3. Sweet one; -- a term of endearment. Chaucer.

Honey, you shall be well desired in Cyprus. Shak.
&hand; Honey is often used adjectively or as the first part of compound; as, honeydew or honey dew; honey guide or honeyguide; honey locust or honey-locust. Honey ant (Zo\'94l.), a small ant (Myrmecocystus melliger), found in the Southwestern United States, and in Mexico, living in subterranean formicares. There are larger and smaller ordinary workers, and others, which serve as receptacles or cells for the storage of honey, their abdomens becoming distended to the size of a currant. These, in times of scarcity, regurgitate the honey and feed the rest. -- Honey badger (Zo\'94l.), the ratel. -- Honey bear. (Zo\'94l.) See Kinkajou. -- Honey buzzard (Zo\'94l.), a bird related to the kites, of the genus Pernis. The European species is P. apivorus; the Indian or crested honey buzzard is P. ptilorhyncha. They feed upon honey and the larv\'91 of bees. Called also bee hawk, bee kite. -- Honey creeper (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of small, bright, colored, passerine birds of the family C\'d2rebid\'91, abundant in Central and South America. -- Honey easter (Zo\'94l.), one of numerous species of small passerine birds of the family Meliphagid\'91, abundant in Australia and Oceania; -- called also honeysucker. -- Honey flower (Bot.), an evergreen shrub of the genus Melianthus, a native of the Cape of Good Hope. The flowers yield much honey. -- Honey guide (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of small birds of the family Indicatorid\'91, inhabiting Africa and the East Indies. They have the habit of leading persons to the nests to wild bees. Called also honeybird, and indicator. -- Honey harvest, the gathering of honey from hives, or the honey which is gathered. Dryden. -- Honey kite. (Zo\'94l.) See Honey buzzard (above). -- Honey locust (Bot.), a North American tree (Gleditschia triacanthos), armed with thorns, and having long pods with a sweet pulp between the seeds. -- Honey month. Same as Honeymoon. -- Honey weasel (Zo\'94l.), the ratel.
Page 703

Honey

Hon"ey (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Honeyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Honeying.] To be gentle, agreeable, or coaxing; to talk fondly; to use endearments; also, to be or become obsequiously courteous or complimentary; to fawn. "Honeying and making love." Shak.
Rough to common men, But honey at the whisper of a lord. Tennyson.

Honey

Hon"ey, v. t. To make agreeable; to cover or sweeten with, or as with, honey.
Canst thou not honey me with fluent speech? Marston.

Honey-bag

Hon"ey-bag` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The receptacle for honey in a honeybee. Shak. Grew.

Honeybee

Hon"ey*bee` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any bee of the genus Apis, which lives in communities and collects honey, esp. the common domesticated hive bee (Apis mellifica), the Italian bee (A. ligustica), and the Arabiab bee (A. fasciata). The two latter are by many entomologists considered only varieties of the common hive bee. Each swarm of bees consists of a large number of workers (barren females), with, ordinarily, one queen or fertile female, but in the swarming season several young queens, and a number of males or drones, are produced.

Honeybird

Hon"ey*bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The honey guide.

Honeycomb

Hon"ey*comb` (?), n. [AS. hunigcamb. See Honey, and 1st Comb.]

1. A mass of hexagonal waxen cells, formed by bees, and used by them to hold their honey and their eggs.

2. Any substance, as a easting of iron, a piece of worm-eaten wood, or of triple, etc., perforated with cells like a honeycomb. Honeycomb moth (Zo\'94l.), the wax moth. -- Honeycomb stomach. (Anat.) See Reticulum.

Honeycombed

Hon"ey*combed` (?), a. Formed or perforated like a honeycomb.
Each bastion was honeycombed with casements. Motley.

Honeydew

Hon"ey*dew` (?), n.

1. A sweet, saccharine substance, found on the leaves of trees and other plants in small drops, like dew. Two substances have been called by this name; one exuded from the plants, and the other secreted by certain insects, esp. aphids.

2. A kind of tobacco moistened with molasses.

Honeyed

Hon"eyed (?), a.

1. Covered with honey.

2. Sweet, as, honeyed words. Milton.

Honeyless

Hon"ey*less (?), a. Destitute of honey. Shak.

Honeymoon

Hon"ey*moon` (?), n. The first month after marriage. Addison.

Honey-mouthed

Hon"ey-mouthed` (?), a. Soft to sweet in speech; persuasive. Shak.

Honeystone

Hon"ey*stone` (?), n. See Mellite.

Honeysucker

Hon"ey*suck`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Honey eater, under Honey.

Honeysuckle

Hon"ey*suc`kle (?), n. [Cf. AS. hunis privet. See Honey, and Suck.] (Bot.) One of several species of flowering plants, much admired for their beauty, and some for their fragrance. &hand; The honeysuckles are properly species of the genus Lonicera; as, L. Caprifolium, and L. Japonica, the commonly cultivated fragrant kinds; L. Periclymenum, the fragrant woodbine of England; L. grata, the American woodbine, and L. sempervirens, the red-flowered trumpet honeysuckle. The European fly honeysuckle is L. Xylosteum; the American, L. ciliata. The American Pinxter flower (Azalea nudiflora) is often called honeysuckle, or false honeysuckle. The name Australian honeysuckle is applied to one or more trees of the genus Banksia. See French honeysuckle, under French.

Honeysuckled

Hon"ey*suc`kled (?), a. Covered with honeysuckles.

Honey-sweet

Hon"ey-sweet` (?), a. Sweet as honey. Chaucer.

Honey-tongued

Hon"ey-tongued` (?), a. Sweet speaking; persuasive; seductive. Shak.

Honeyware

Hon"ey*ware` (?), n. (Bot.) See Badderlocks.

Honeywort

Hon"ey*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A European plant of the genus Cerinthe, whose flowers are very attractive to bees. Loudon.

Hong

Hong (?), n. [Chinese hang, Canton dialect hong, a mercantile house, factory.] A mercantile establishment or factory for foreign trade in China, as formerly at Canton; a succession of offices connected by a common passage and used for business or storage. Hong merchant, one of the few Chinese merchants who, previous to the treaty of 1842, formed a guild which had the exclusive privilege of trading with foreigners.

Hong

Hong (?), v. t. & i. To hang. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Honied

Hon"ied (?), a. See Honeyed.

Honiton lace

Hon"i*ton lace` (?). A kind of pillow lace, remarkable for the beauty of its figures; -- so called because chiefly made in Honiton, England.

Honk

Honk (?), n. [Of imitative origin.] (Zo\'94l.) The cry of a wild goose. -- Honk"ing, n.

Honor

Hon"or (?), n. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.] [Written also honour.]

1. Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence.

A prophet is not without honor, save in his own country. Matt. xiii. 57.

2. That which rightfully attracts esteem, respect, or consideration; self-respect; dignity; courage; fidelity; especially, excellence of character; high moral worth; virtue; nobleness; specif., in men, integrity; uprightness; trustworthness; in women, purity; chastity.

If she have forgot Honor and virtue. Shak.
Godlike erect, with native honor clad. Milton.

3. A nice sense of what is right, just, and true, with course of life correspondent thereto; strict conformity to the duty imposed by conscience, position, or privilege.

Say, what is honor? 'T is the finest sense Of justice which the human mind can frame, Intent each lurking frailty to disclaim, And guard the way of life from all offense Suffered or done. Wordsworth.
I could not love thee, dear, so much, Loved I not honor more. Lovelace.

4. That to which esteem or consideration is paid; distinguished position; high rank. "Restored me to my honors." Shak.

I have given thee . . . both riches, and honor. 1 Kings iii. 13.
Thou art clothed with honor and majesty. Ps. civ. 1.

5. Fame; reputation; credit.

Some in theiractions do woo, and affect honor and reputation. Bacon.
If my honor is meant anything distinct from conscience, 't is no more than a regard to the censure and esteem of the world. Rogers.

6. A token of esteem paid to worth; a mark of respect; a ceremonial sign of consideration; as, he wore an honor on his breast; military honors; civil honors. "Their funeral honors." Dryden.

7. A cause of respect and fame; a glory; an excellency; an ornament; as, he is an honor to his nation.

8. A title applied to the holders of certain honorable civil offices, or to persons of rank; as, His Honor the Mayor. See Note under Honorable.

9. (Feud. Law) A seigniory or lordship held of the king, on which other lordships and manors depended. Cowell.

10. pl. Academic or university prizes or distinctions; as, honors in classics.

11. pl. (Whist) The ace, king, queen, and jack of trumps. The ten and nine are sometimes called Dutch honors. R. A. Proctor. Affair of honor, a dispute to be decided by a duel, or the duel itself. -- Court of honor, a court or tribunal to investigate and decide questions relating to points of honor; as a court of chivalry, or a military court to investigate acts or omissions which are unofficerlike or ungentlemanly in their nature. -- Debt of honor, a debt contracted by a verbal promise, or by betting or gambling, considered more binding than if recoverable by law. -- Honor bright! An assurance of truth or fidelity. [Colloq.] -- Honor court (Feudal Law), one held in an honor or seignory. -- Honor point. (Her.) See Escutcheon. -- Honors of war (Mil.), distinctions granted to a vanquished enemy, as of marching out from a camp or town armed, and with colors flying. -- Law, ∨ Code, of honor, certain rules by which social intercourse is regulated among persons of fashion, and which are founded on a regard to reputation. Paley. -- Maid of honor, a lady of rank, whose duty it is to attend the queen when she appears in public.<-- Bride's principle attendant at a wedding --> -- On one's honor, on the pledge of one's honor; as, the members of the House of Lords in Great Britain, are not under oath, but give their statements or verdicts on their honor. -- Point of honor, a scruple or nice distinction in matters affecting one's honor; as, he raised a point of honor. -- To do the honors, to bestow honor, as on a guest; to act as host or hostess at an entertainment. "To do the honors and to give the word." Pope. -- To do one honor, to confer distinction upon one. -- To have the honor, to have the privilege or distinction. -- Word of honor, an engagement confirmed by a pledge of honor.

Honor

Hon"or, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Honored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Honoring.] [OE. honouren, onouren, OF. honorer, honourer, F. honorer, fr. L. honorare, fr. honor, n.]

1. To regard or treat with honor, esteem, or respect; to revere; to treat with deference and submission; when used of the Supreme Being, to reverence; to adore; to worship.

Honor thy father and thy mother. Ex. xx. 12.
That all men should honor the Son, even as they honor the Father. John v. 23.
It is a custom More honor'd in the breach than the observance. Shak.

2. To dignify; to raise to distinction or notice; to bestow honor upon; to elevate in rank or station; to ennoble; to exalt; to glorify; hence, to do something to honor; to treat in a complimentary manner or with civility.

Thus shall it be done to the man whom the king delighten to honor. Esther vi. 9.
The name of Cassius honors this corruption. Shak.

3. (Com.) To accept and pay when due; as, to honora bill of exchange.

Honorable

Hon"or*a*ble (?), a. [F. honorable, L. honorabilis.]

1. Worthy of honor; fit to be esteemed or regarded; estimable; illustrious.

Thy name and honorable family. Shak.

2. High-minded; actuated by principles of honor, or a scrupulous regard to probity, rectitude, or reputation.

3. Proceeding from an upright and laudable cause, or directed to a just and proper end; not base; irreproachable; fair; as, an honorable motive.

Is this proceeding just and honorable? Shak.

4. Conferring honor, or produced by noble deeds.

Honorable wounds from battle brought. Dryden.

5. Worthy of respect; regarded with esteem; to be commended; consistent with honor or rectitude.

Marriage is honorable in all. Heb. xiii. 4.

6. Performed or accompanied with marks of honor, or with testimonies of esteem; an honorable burial.

7. Of reputable association or use; respectable.

Let her descend: my chambers are honorable. Shak.

8. An epithet of respect or distinction; as, the honorable Senate; the honorable gentleman. &hand; Honorable is a title of quality, conferred by English usage upon the younger children of earls and all the children of viscounts and barons. The maids of honor, lords of session, and the supreme judges of England and Ireland are entitled to the prefix. In American usage, it is a title of courtesy merely, bestowed upon those who hold, or have held, any of the higher public offices, esp. governors, judges, members of Congress or of the Senate, mayors. Right honorable. See under Right.

Honorableness

Hon"or*a*ble*ness, n.

1. The state of being honorable; eminence; distinction.

2. Conformity to the principles of honor, probity, or moral rectitude; fairness; uprightness; reputableness.

Honorably

Hon"or*a*bly (?), adv.

1. In an honorable manner; in a manner showing, or consistent with, honor.

The reverend abbot . . . honorably received him. Shak.
Why did I not more honorably starve? Dryden.

2. Decently; becomingly. [Obs.] "Do this message honorably." Shak. Syn. -- Magnanimously; generously; nobly; worthily; justly; equitably; fairly; reputably.

Honorarium, Honorary

Hon`o*ra"ri*um (?), Hon"or*a*ry (?), n. [L. honorarium (sc. donum), fr. honorarius. See Honorary, a.]

1. A fee offered to professional men for their services; as, an honorarium of one thousand dollars. S. Longfellow.

2. (Law) An honorary payment, usually in recognition of services for which it is not usual or not lawful to assign a fixed business price. Heumann.

Honorary

Hon"or*a*ry, a. [L. honorarius, fr. honor honor: cf. F. honoraire.]

1. Done as a sign or evidence of honor; as, honorary services. Macaulay.

2. Conferring honor, or intended merely to confer honor without emolument; as, an honorary degree. "Honorary arches." Addison.

3. Holding a title or place without rendering service or receiving reward; as, an honorary member of a society.

Honorer

Hon"or*er (?), n. One who honors.

Honorific

Hon`or*if"ic (?), a. [See Honor, -fy, and -ic.] Conferring honor; tending to honor. London. Spectator.

Honorless

Hon"or*less (?), a. Destitute of honor; not honored. Bp. Warburton.

Hont

Hont (?), n. & v. See under Hunt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hoo

Hoo (?), interj.

1. See Ho. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Hurrah! -- an exclamation of triumphant joy. Shak.

-hood

-hood (?). [OE. hod, had, hed, hede, etc., person, rank, order, condition, AS. h\'bed; akin to OS. h\'c7d, OHG. heit, G. -heit, D. -heid, Goth. haidus manner; cf. Skr. k\'c7tu brightness, cit to appear, be noticeable, notice. &root;217. Cf. -head.] A termination denoting state, condition, quality, character, totality, as in manhood, childhood, knighthood, brotherhood. Sometimes it is written, chiefly in obsolete words, in the form -head.

Hood

Hood (?), n. [OE. hood, hod, AS. h\'d3d; akin to D. hoed hat, G. hut, OHG. huot, also to E. hat, and prob. to E. heed. &root;13.]

1. State; condition. [Obs.]

How could thou ween, through that disguised hood To hide thy state from being understood? Spenser.

2. A covering or garment for the head or the head and shoulders, often attached to the body garment; especially: (a) A soft covering for the head, worn by women, which leaves only the face exposed. (b) A part of a monk's outer garment, with which he covers his head; a cowl. "All hoods make not monks." Shak. (c) A like appendage to a cloak or loose overcoat, that may be drawn up over the head at pleasure. (d) An ornamental fold at the back of an academic gown or ecclesiastical vestment; as, a master's hood. (e) A covering for a horse's head. (f) (Falconry) A covering for a hawk's head and eyes. See Illust. of Falcon.

3. Anything resembling a hood in form or use; as: (a) The top or head of a carriage. (b) A chimney top, often contrived to secure a constant draught by turning with the wind. (c) A projecting cover above a hearth, forming the upper part of the fireplace, and confining the smoke to the flue. (d) The top of a pump. (e) (Ord.) A covering for a mortar. (f) (Bot.) The hood-shaped upper petal of some flowers, as of monkshood; -- called also helmet. Gray. (g) (Naut.) A covering or porch for a companion hatch.

4. (Shipbuilding) The endmost plank of a strake which reaches the stem or stern.


Page 704

Hood

Hood (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hooded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hooding.]

1. To cover with a hood; to furnish with a hood or hood-shaped appendage.

The friar hooded, and the monarch crowned. Pope.

2. To cover; to hide; to blind.

While grace is saying, I'll hood mine eyes Thus with my hat, and sigh and say, "Amen." Shak.
Hooding end (Shipbuilding), the end of a hood where it enters the rabbet in the stem post or stern post.

Hoodcap

Hood"cap`, n. See Hooded seal, under Hooded.

Hooded

Hood"ed, a.

1. Covered with a hood.

2. Furnished with a hood or something like a hood.

3. Hood-shaped; esp. (Bot.), rolled up like a cornet of paper; cuculate, as the spethe of the Indian turnip.

4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the head conspicuously different in color from the rest of the plumage; -- said of birds. (b) Having a hoodlike crest or prominence on the head or neck; as, the hooded seal; a hooded snake. Hooded crow, a European crow (Corvus cornix); -- called also hoody, dun crow, and royston crow. -- Hooded gull, the European black-headed pewit or gull. -- Hooded merganser. See Merganser. -- Hooded seal, a large North Atlantic seal (Cystophora cristata). The male has a large, inflatible, hoodlike sac upon the head. Called also hoodcap. -- Hooded sheldrake, the hooded merganser. See Merganser. -- Hooded snake. See Cobra de capello, Asp, Haje, etc. -- Hooded warbler, a small American warbler (Sylvania mitrata).

Hoodless

Hood"less, a. Having no hood.

Hoodlum

Hood"lum (?), n. A young rowdy; a rough, lawless fellow. [Colloq. U.S.]

Hoodman

Hood"man (?), n. The person blindfolded in the game called hoodman-blind. [Obs.] Shak.

Hoodman-blind

Hood"man-blind` (?), n. An old term for blindman's buff. Shak.

Hood molding Hood moulding

Hood" mold`ing Hood" mould`ing (?). (Arch.) A projecting molding over the head of an arch, forming the outermost member of the archivolt; -- called also hood mold.

Hoodoo

Hoo"doo (?), n. [Perh. a var. of voodoo.] One who causes bad luck. [Colloq.]

Hoodwink

Hood"wink (?), v. t. [Hood + wink.]

1. To blind by covering the eyes.

We will blind and hoodwink him. Shak.

2. To cover; to hide. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To deceive by false appearance; to impose upon. "Hoodwinked with kindness." Sir P. Sidney.

Hoody

Hood"y (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The hooded crow; also, in Scotland, the hooded gull.

Hoof

Hoof (?), n.; pl. Hoofs (#), very rarely Hooves (#). [OE. hof, AS. h\'d3f; akin to D. hoef, G1huf, OHG. huof, Icel. h\'d3fr, Sw. hof, Dan. hov; cf. Russ. kopuito, Skr. \'87apha. &root;225.]

1. The horny substance or case that covers or terminates the feet of certain animals, as horses, oxen, etc.

On burnished hooves his war horse trode. Tennyson.

2. A hoofed animal; a beast.

Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not a hoof be left behind. Ex. x. 26.

3. (Geom.) See Ungula.

Hoof

Hoof, v. i.

1. To walk as cattle. [R.] William Scott.

2. To be on a tramp; to foot. [Slang, U.S.] To hoof it, to foot it.

Hoofbound

Hoof"bound` (?), a. (Far.) Having a dry and contracted hoof, which occasions pain and lameness.

Hoofed

Hoofed (?), a. Furnished with hoofs. Grew.

Hoofless

Hoof"less (?), a. Destitute of hoofs.

Hook

Hook (?), n. [OE. hok, AS. h\'d3c; cf. D. haak, G. hake, haken, OHG. h\'beko, h\'bego, h\'beggo, Icel. haki, Sw. hake, Dan. hage. Cf. Arquebuse, Hagbut, Hake, Hatch a half door, Heckle.]

1. A piece of metal, or other hard material, formed or bent into a curve or at an angle, for catching, holding, or sustaining anything; as, a hook for catching fish; a hook for fastening a gate; a boat hook, etc.

2. That part of a hinge which is fixed to a post, and on which a door or gate hangs and turns.

3. An implement for cutting grass or grain; a sickle; an instrument for cutting or lopping; a billhook.

Like slashing Bentley with his desperate hook. Pope.

4. (Steam Engin.) See Eccentric, and V-hook.

5. A snare; a trap. [R.] Shak.

6. A field sown two years in succession. [Prov. Eng.]

7. pl. The projecting points of the thigh bones of cattle; -- called also hook bones. By hook or by crook, one way or other; by any means, direct or indirect. Milton. "In hope her to attain by hook or crook." Spenser. -- Off the hooks, unhinged; disturbed; disordered. [Colloq.] "In the evening, by water, to the Duke of Albemarle, whom I found mightly off the hooks that the ships are not gone out of the river." Pepys.<-- = out of joint --> -- On one's own hook, on one's own account or responsibility; by one's self. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett. -- To go off the hooks, to die. [Colloq.] Thackeray. -- Bid hook, a small boat hook. -- Chain hook. See under Chain. -- Deck hook, a horizontal knee or frame, in the bow of a ship, on which the forward part of the deck rests. -- Hook and eye, one of the small wire hooks and loops for fastening together the opposite edges of a garment, etc. -- Hook bill (Zo\'94l.), the strongly curved beak of a bird. -- Hook ladder, a ladder with hooks at the end by which it can be suspended, as from the top of a wall. -- Hook motion (Steam Engin.), a valve gear which is reversed by V hooks. -- Hook squid, any squid which has the arms furnished with hooks, instead of suckers, as in the genera Enoploteuthis and Onychteuthis. -- Hook wrench, a wrench or spanner, having a hook at the end, instead of a jaw, for turning a bolthead, nut, or coupling.

Hook

Hook, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hooked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hooking.]

1. To catch or fasten with a hook or hooks; to seize, capture, or hold, as with a hook, esp. with a disguised or baited hook; hence, to secure by allurement or artifice; to entrap; to catch; as, to hook a dress; to hook a trout.

Hook him, my poor dear, . . . at any sacrifice. W. Collins.

2. To seize or pierce with the points of the horns, as cattle in attacking enemies; to gore.

3. To steal. [Colloq. Eng. & U.S.] To hook on, to fasten or attach by, or as by, hook.

Hook

Hook (?), v. i. To bend; to curve as a hook.

Hookah

Hook"ah (?), n. [Per. or Ar. huqqa a round box or casket, a bottle through which the fumes pass when smoking tobacco.] A pipe with a long, flexible stem, so arranged that the smoke is cooled by being made to pass through water.<-- see hubble-bubble; also water pipe -->

Hook-billed

Hook"-billed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a strongly curved bill.

Hooked

Hooked (?), a.

1. Having the form of a hookl curvated; as, the hooked bill of a bird.

2. Provided with a hook or hooks. "The hooked chariot." Milton.

Hookedness

Hook"ed*ness (?), n. The state of being bent like a hook; incurvation.

Hooker

Hook"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, hooks.

2. (Naut.) (a) A Dutch vessel with two masts. (b) A fishing boat with one mast, used on the coast of Ireland. (c) A sailor's contemptuous term for any antiquated craft.

Hooke's gearing

Hooke's" gear"ing (?). [So called from the inventor.] (Mach.) Spur gearing having teeth slanting across the face of the wheel, sometimes slanting in opposite directions from the middle.

Hooke's joint

Hooke's joint (?). [So called from the inventor.] (Mach.) A universal joint. See under Universal.

Hookey

Hook"ey (?), n. See Hockey.

Hooklet

Hook"let (?), n. A little hook.

Hook-nosed

Hook"-nosed` (?), a. Having a hooked or aquiline nose. Shak.

Hooky

Hook"y (?), a. Full of hooks; pertaining to hooks.

Hool

Hool (?), a. Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hoolock

Hoo"lock (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small black gibbon (Hylobates hoolock), found in the mountains of Assam.

Hoom

Hoom (?), n. Home. Chaucer.

Hoonoomaun

Hoo"noo*maun (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Indian monkey. See Entellus. [Written also hoonuman.]

Hoop

Hoop (?), n. [OE. hope; akin to D. hoep, hoepel.]

1. A pliant strip of wood or metal bent in a circular form, and united at the ends, for holding together the staves of casks, tubs, etc.

2. A ring; a circular band; anything resembling a hoop, as the cylinder (cheese hoop) in which the curd is pressed in making cheese.

3. A circle, or combination of circles, of thin whalebone, metal, or other elastic material, used for expanding the skirts of ladies' dresses; crinoline; -- used chiefly in the plural.

Though stiff with hoops, and armed with ribs of whale. Pope.

4. A quart pot; -- so called because originally bound with hoops, like a barrel. Also, a portion of the contents measured by the distance between the hoops. [Obs.]

5. An old measure of capacity, variously estimated at from one to four pecks. [Eng.] Halliwell. Bulge hoop, Chine hoop, Quarter hoop, the hoop nearest the middle of a cask, that nearest the end, and the intermediate hoop between these two, respectively. -- Flat hoop, a wooden hoop dressed flat on both sides. -- Half-round hoop, a wooden hoop left rounding and undressed on the outside. -- Hoop iron, iron in thin narrow strips, used for making hoops. -- Hoop lock, the fastening for uniting the ends of wooden hoops by notching and interlocking them. -- Hoop skirt, a framework of hoops for expanding the skirts of a woman's dress; -- called also hoop petticoat. -- Hoop snake (Zo\'94l.), a harmless snake of the Southern United States (Abaster erythrogrammus); -- so called from the mistaken notion that it curves itself into a hoop, taking its tail into its mouth, and rolls along with great velocity. -- Hoop tree (Bot.), a small West Indian tree (Melia sempervirens), of the Mahogany family.

Hoop

Hoop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hooping.]

1. To bind or fasten with hoops; as, to hoop a barrel or puncheon.

2. To clasp; to encircle; to surround. Shak.

Hoop

Hoop (?), v. i. [OE. houpen; cf. F. houper to hoop, to shout; -- a hunting term, prob. fr. houp, an interj. used in calling. Cf. Whoop.]

1. To utter a loud cry, or a sound imitative of the word, by way of call or pursuit; to shout. [Usually written whoop.]

2. To whoop, as in whooping cough. See Whoop. Hooping cough. (Med.) See Whooping cough.

Hoop

Hoop, v. t. [Written also whoop.]

1. To drive or follow with a shout. "To be hooped out of Rome." Shak.

2. To call by a shout or peculiar cry.

Hoop

Hoop, n.

1. A shout; a whoop, as in whooping cough.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The hoopoe. See Hoopoe.

Hooper

Hoop"er (?), n. [See 1st Hoop.] One who hoops casks or tubs; a cooper.

Hooper

Hoop"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) [So called from its note.] The European whistling, or wild, swan (Olor cygnus); -- called also hooper swan, whooping swan, and elk.

Hoopoe, Hoopoo

Hoop"oe (?), Hoop"oo (?), n. [So called from its cry; cf. L. upupa, Gr. hop, F. huppe; cf. also G. wiedenhopf, OHG. wituhopfo, lit., wood hopper.] (Zo\'94l.) A European bird of the genus Upupa (U. epops), having a beautiful crest, which it can erect or depress at pleasure. Called also hoop, whoop. The name is also applied to several other species of the same genus and allied genera. <-- Hoops. n. The game of basketball [Slang]. Hoopster. n. Basketball player. [Slang] -->

Hoosier

Hoo"sier (?), n. A nickname given to an inhabitant of the State of Indiana. [U.S.]

Hoot

Hoot (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hooted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hooting.] [OE. hoten, houten, huten; cf. OSw. huta, Sw. huta ut to take one up sharply, fr. Sw. hut interj., begone! cf. also W. hwt off! off with it! away! hoot!]

1. To cry out or shout in contempt.

Matrons and girls shall hoot at thee no more. Dryden.

2. To make the peculiar cry of an owl.

The clamorous owl that nightly hoots. Shak.

Hoot

Hoot, v. t. To assail with contemptuous cries or shouts; to follow with derisive shouts.
Partridge and his clan may hoot me for a cheat. Swift.

Hoot

Hoot, n.

1. A derisive cry or shout. Glanvill.

2. The cry of an owl. Hoot owl (Zo\'94l.), the barred owl (Syrnium nebulosum). See Barred owl.

Hoove

Hoove (?), n. [Allied to heave, hove.] A disease in cattle consisting in inflammation of the stomach by gas, ordinarily caused by eating too much green food; tympany; bloating.

Hooven, Hoven

Hoov"en (?), Ho"ven (?), a. Affected with hoove; as, hooven, or hoven, cattle.

Hop

Hop (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hopped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hopping (?).] [OE. hoppen to hop, leap, dance, AS. hoppian; akin to Icel. & Sw. hoppa, Dan. hoppe, D. huppelen, G. h\'81pfen.]

1. To move by successive leaps, as toads do; to spring or jump on one foot; to skip, as birds do.

[Birds] hopping from spray to spray. Dryden.

2. To walk lame; to limp; to halt. Dryden.

3. To dance. Smollett.

Hop

Hop, n.

1. A leap on one leg, as of a boy; a leap, as of a toad; a jump; a spring.

2. A dance; esp., an informal dance of ball. [Colloq.] Hop, skip (∨ step), and jump, a game or athletic sport in which the participants cover as much ground as possible by a hop, stride, and jump in succession. <-- just a hop, skip, and a jump away = nearby --> Addison.

Hop

Hop, n. [OE. hoppe; akin to D. hop, hoppe, OHG. hopfo, G. hopfen; cf. LL. hupa, W. hopez, Armor. houpez, and Icel. humall, SW. & Dan. humle.]

1. (Bot.) A climbing plant (Humulus Lupulus), having a long, twining, annual stalk. It is cultivated for its fruit (hops).

2. The catkin or strobilaceous fruit of the hop, much used in brewing to give a bitter taste.

3. The fruit of the dog-rose. See Hip. Hop back. (Brewing) See under 1st Back. -- Hop clover (Bot.), a species of yellow clover having heads like hops in miniature (Trifolium agrarium, and T. procumbens). -- Hop flea (Zo\'94l.), a small flea beetle (Haltica concinna), very injurious to hops. -- Hop fly (Zo\'94l.), an aphid (Phorodon humuli), very injurious to hop vines. -- Hop froth fly (Zo\'94l.), an hemipterous insect (Aphrophora interrupta), allied to the cockoo spits. It often does great damage to hop vines. -- Hop hornbeam (Bot.), an American tree of the genus Ostrya (O.Virginica) the American ironwood; also, a European species (O. vulgaris). -- Hop moth (Zo\'94l.), a moth (Hypena humuli), which in the larval state is very injurious to hop vines. -- Hop picker, one who picks hops. -- Hop pole, a pole used to support hop vines. -- Hop tree (Bot.), a small American tree (Ptelia trifoliata), having broad, flattened fruit in large clusters, sometimes used as a substitute for hops. -- Hop vine (Bot.), the climbing vine or stalk of the hop.

Hop

Hop, v. t. To impregnate with hops. Mortimer.

Hop

Hop, v. i. To gather hops. [Perhaps only in the form Hopping, vb. n.]

Hopbine, Hopbind

Hop"bine` (?), Hop"bind` (?), n. The climbing stem of the hop. Blackstone.

Hope

Hope (?), n. [Cf. Icel. h\'d3p a small bay or inlet.]

1. A sloping plain between mountain ridges. [Obs.]

2. A small bay; an inlet; a haven. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Hope

Hope, n. [AS., akin to D. hoop, hope, Sw. hopp, Dan. haab, MHG. hoffe. Hope in forlorn hope is different word. See Forlorn hope, under Forlorn.]

1. A desire of some good, accompanied with an expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable; an expectation of something which is thought to be desirable; confidence; pleasing expectancy.

The hypocrite's hope shall perish. Job vii. 13.
He wished, but not with hope. Milton.
New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven. Keble.

2. One who, or that which, gives hope, furnishes ground of expectation, or promises desired good.

The Lord will be the hope of his people. Joel iii. 16.
A young gentleman of great hopes, whose love of learning was highly commendable. Macaulay.

3. That which is hoped for; an object of hope.

Lavina is thine elder brother's hope. Shak.

Hope

Hope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hoped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoping.] [AS. hopian; akin to D. hopen, Sw. hopp, Dan. haabe, G. hoffen. See 2nd Hope.]

1. To entertain or indulge hope; to cherish a desire of good, or of something welcome, with expectation of obtaining it or belief that it is obtainable; to expect; -- usually followed by for. "Hope for good success." Jer. Taylor.

But I will hope continually. Ps. lxxi. 14.

2. To place confidence; to trust with confident expectation of good; -- usually followed by in. "I hope in thy word." Ps. cxix. 81.

Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted within me? Hope thou in God. Ps. xlii. 11.

Page 705

Hope

Hope (?), v. t.

1. To desire with expectation or with belief in the possibility or prospect of obtaining; to look forward to as a thing desirable, with the expectation of obtaining it; to cherish hopes of.

We hope no other from your majesty. Shak.
[Charity] hopeth all things. 1 Cor. xiii. 7.

2. To expect; to fear. [Obs.] "I hope he will be dead." Chaucer. &hand; Hope is often used colloquially regarding uncertainties, with no reference to the future. "I hope she takes me to be flesh and blood." Mrs. Centlivre.

Hopeful

Hope"ful (?), a.

1. Full of hope, or agreeable expectation; inclined to hope; expectant.

Men of their own natural inclination hopeful and strongly conceited. Hooker.

2. Having qualities which excite hope; affording promise of good or of success; as, a hopeful youth; a hopeful prospect. "Hopeful scholars." Addison. -- Hope"ful*ly, adv. -- Hope"ful*ness, n.

Hopeite

Hope"ite (?), n. [Named after Professor Hope, of Edinburgh.] (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of zinc in transparent prismatic crystals.

Hopeless

Hope"less, a.

1. Destitute of hope; having no expectation of good; despairing.

I am a woman, friendless, hopeless. Shak.

2. Giving no ground of hope; promising nothing desirable; desperate; as, a hopeless cause.

The hopelessword of "never to return" Breathe I against thee, upon pain of life. Shak.

3. Unhoped for; despaired of. [Obs.] Marston. -- Hope"less*ly, adv. -- Hope"less*ness, n.

Hoper

Hop"er (?), n. One who hopes. Swift.

Hopingly

Hop"ing*ly, adv. In a hopeful manner. Hammond.

Hoplite

Hop"lite (?), n. [Gr. hoplite.] (Gr. Antiq.) A heavy-armed infantry soldier. Milford.

Hop-o'-my-thumb, Hop-thumb

Hop"-o'-my-thumb" (?), Hop"-thumb", n. A very diminutive person. [Colloq.] liwell.

Hopped

Hopped (?), p. a. Impregnated with hops.

Hopper

Hop"per (?), n. [See 1st Hop.]

1. One who, or that which, hops.

2. A chute, box, or receptacle, usually funnel-shaped with an opening at the lower part, for delivering or feeding any material, as to a machine; as, the wooden box with its trough through which grain passes into a mill by joining or shaking, or a funnel through which fuel passes into a furnace, or coal, etc., into a car.

3. (Mus.) See Grasshopper, 2.

4. pl. A game. See Hopscotch. Johnson.

5. (Zo\'94l.) (a) See Grasshopper, and Frog hopper, Grape hopper, Leaf hopper, Tree hopper, under Frog, Grape, Leaf, and Tree. (b) The larva of a cheese fly.

6. (Naut.) A vessel for carrying waste, garbage, etc., out to sea, so constructed as to discharge its load by a mechanical contrivance; -- called also dumping scow. Bell and hopper (Metal.), the apparatus at the top of a blast furnace, through which the charge is introduced, while the gases are retained. -- Hopper boy, a rake in a mill, moving in a circle to spread meal for drying, and to draw it over an opening in the floor, through which it falls. -- Hopper closet, a water-closet, without a movable pan, in which the receptacle is a funnel standing on a draintrap. -- Hopper cock, a faucet or valve for flushing the hopper of a water-closet.

Hopperings

Hop"per*ings (?), n. (Gold Washing) Gravel retaining in the hopper of a cradle.

Hoppestere

Hop`pes*tere" (?), a. An unexplained epithet used by Chaucer in reference to ships. By some it is defined as "dancing (on the wave)"; by others as "opposing," "warlike." T. R. Lounsbury.

Hoppet

Hop"pet (?), n.

1. A hand basket; also, a dish used by miners for measuring ore. [Prov. Eng.]

2. An infant in arms. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Hopping

Hop"ping (?), n. The act of one who, or that which, hops; a jumping, frisking, or dancing. Hopping Dick (Zo\'94l.), a thrush of Jamaica (Merula leucogenys), resembling the English blackbird in its familiar manners, agreeable song, and dark plumage.

Hopping

Hop"ping, n. [See 3rd Hop.] A gathering of hops.

Hopple

Hop"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoppled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoppling (?).] [From Hop; cf. Hobble.]

1. To impede by a hopple; to tie the feet of (a horse or a cow) loosely together; to hamper; to hobble; as, to hopple an unruly or straying horse.

2. Fig.: To entangle; to hamper. Dr. H. More.

Hopple

Hop"ple, n. A fetter for horses, or cattle, when turned out to graze; -- chiefly used in the plural.

Hopplebush

Hop"ple*bush` (?), n. Same as Hobblebush.

Hoppo

Hop"po (?), n. (a) A collector of customs, as at Canton; an overseer of commerce. (b) A tribunal or commission having charge of the revenue derived from trade and navigation. [China] Hoppo men, Chinese customhouse officers.

Hopscotch

Hop"scotch` (?), n. A child's game, in which a player, hopping on one foot, drives a stone from one compartment to another of a figure traced or scotched on the ground; -- called also hoppers.

Hop-thumb

Hop"-thumb` (?), n. See Hop-o'-my-thumb.

Hopyard

Hop"yard` (?), n. A field where hops are raised.

Horal

Ho"ral (?), a. [L. horalis, fr. hora hour. See Hour.] Of or pertaining to an hour, or to hours. Prior.

Horaly

Ho"ra*ly (?), adv. Hourly. [Obs.]

Horary

Ho"ra*ry (?), a. [LL. horarius, fr. L. hora hour: cf. F. horaire. See Hour.]

1. Of or pertaining to an hour; noting the hours. Spectator.

2. Occurring once an hour; continuing an hour; hourly; ephemeral.

Horary, or soon decaying, fruits of summer. Sir T. Browne.
Horary circles. See Circles.

Horatian

Ho*ra"tian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Horace, the Latin poet, or resembling his style.

Horde

Horde (?), n. [F. horde (cf. G. horde), fr. Turk. ord, ord\'c6, camp; of Tartar origin.] A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan or tribe of a nomadic people migrating from place to place for the sake of pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory multitude. Thomson.

Hordeic

Hor*de"ic (?), a. [L. hordeum barley.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, barley; as, hordeic acid, an acid identical or isomeric with lauric acid.

Hordein

Hor"de*in (?), n. [L. hordeum barley.] (Chem.) A peculiar starchy matter contained in barley. It is complex mixture. [R.]

Hordeolum

Hor*de"o*lum (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hordeolus, dim. of hordeum barley.] (Med.) A small tumor upon the eyelid, resembling a grain of barley; a sty.

Hordock

Hor"dock` (?), n. An unidentified plant mentioned by Shakespeare, perhaps equivalent to burdock.

Hore

Hore (?), a. Hoar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Horehound

Hore"hound` (?), n. [OE. horehune, AS. h\'berhune; h\'ber hoar, gray + hune horehound; cf. L. cunila a species of organum, GR. kn to smell.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Marrubium (M. vulgare), which has a bitter taste, and is a weak tonic, used as a household remedy for colds, coughing, etc. [Written also hoarhound.] Fetid horehound, ∨ Black horehound, a disagreeable plant resembling horehound (Ballota nigra). -- Water horehound, a species of the genus Lycopus, resembling mint, but not aromatic.

Horizon

Ho*ri"zon (?), n. [F., fr. L. horizon, fr. Gr.

1. The circle which bounds that part of the earth's surface visible to a spectator from a given point; the apparent junction of the earth and sky.

And when the morning sun shall raise his car Above the border of this horizon. Shak.
All the horizon round Invested with bright rays. Milton.

2. (Astron.) (a) A plane passing through the eye of the spectator and at right angles to the vertical at a given place; a plane tangent to the earth's surface at that place; called distinctively the sensible horizon. (b) A plane parallel to the sensible horizon of a place, and passing through the earth's center; -- called also rational ∨ celestial horizon. (c) (Naut.) The unbroken line separating sky and water, as seen by an eye at a given elevation, no land being visible.

3. (Geol.) The epoch or time during which a deposit was made.

The strata all over the earth, which were formed at the same time, are said to belong to the same geological horizon. Le Conte.

4. (Painting) The chief horizontal line in a picture of any sort, which determines in the picture the height of the eye of the spectator; in an extended landscape, the representation of the natural horizon corresponds with this line. Apparent horizon. See under Apparent. -- Artificial horizon, a level mirror, as the surface of mercury in a shallow vessel, or a plane reflector adjusted to the true level artificially; -- used chiefly with the sextant for observing the double altitude of a celestial body. -- Celestial horizon. (Astron.) See def. 2, above. -- Dip of the horizon (Astron.), the vertical angle between the sensible horizon and a line to the visible horizon, the latter always being below the former. -- Rational horizon, and Sensible horizon. (Astron.) See def. 2, above. -- Visible horizon. See definitions 1 and 2, above.

Horizontal

Hor`i*zon"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. horizontal.]

1. Pertaining to, or near, the horizon. "Horizontal misty air." Milton.

2. Parallel to the horizon; on a level; as, a horizontalline or surface.

3. Measured or contained in a plane of the horizon; as, horizontal distance. Horizontal drill, a drilling machine having a horizontal drill spindle. -- Horizontal engine, one the piston of which works horizontally. -- Horizontal fire (Mil.), the fire of ordnance and small arms at point-blank range or at low angles of elevation. -- Horizontal force (Physics), the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic force. -- Horizontal line (Descriptive Geometry & Drawing), a constructive line, either drawn or imagined, which passes through the point of sight, and is the chief line in the projection upon which all verticals are fixed, and upon which all vanishing points are found. -- Horizontal parallax. See under Parallax. -- Horizontal plane (Descriptive Geometry), a plane parallel to the horizon, upon which it is assumed that objects are projected. See Projection. It is upon the horizontal plane that the ground plan of the buildings is supposed to be drawn. -- Horizontal projection, a projection made on a plane parallel to the horizon. -- Horizontal range (Gunnery), the distance in a horizontal plane to which a gun will throw a projectile. -- Horizontal water wheel, a water wheel in which the axis is vertical, the buckets or floats revolving in a horizontal plane, as in most turbines.

Horizontality

Hor`i*zon*tal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. horizontalit\'82.] The state or quality of being horizontal. Kirwan.

Horizontally

Hor`i*zon"tal*ly, adv. In a horizontal direction or position; on a level; as, moving horizontally.

Hormogonium

Hor`mo*go*ni"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A chain of small cells in certain alg\'91, by which the plant is propogated.

Horn

Horn (?), n. [AS. horn; akin to D. horen, hoorn, G., Icel., Sw., & Dan. horn, Goth. ha\'a3rn, W., Gael., & Ir. corn, L. cornu, Gr. cheer, cranium, cerebral; cf. Skr. \'87iras head. Cf. Carat, Corn on the foot, Cornea, Corner, Cornet, Cornucopia, Hart.]

1. A hard, projecting, and usually pointed organ, growing upon the heads of certain animals, esp. of the ruminants, as cattle, goats, and the like. The hollow horns of the Ox family consist externally of true horn, and are never shed.

2. The antler of a deer, which is of bone throughout, and annually shed and renewed.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Any natural projection or excrescence from an animal, resembling or thought to resemble a horn in substance or form; esp.: (a) A projection from the beak of a bird, as in the hornbill. (b) A tuft of feathers on the head of a bird, as in the horned owl. (c) A hornlike projection from the head or thorax of an insect, or the head of a reptile, or fish. (d) A sharp spine in front of the fins of a fish, as in the horned pout.

4. (Bot.) An incurved, tapering and pointed appendage found in the flowers of the milkweed (Asclepias).

5. Something made of a horn, or in resemblance of a horn; as: (a) A wind instrument of music; originally, one made of a horn (of an ox or a ram); now applied to various elaborately wrought instruments of brass or other metal, resembling a horn in shape. "Wind his horn under the castle wall." Spenser. See French horn, under French. (b) A drinking cup, or beaker, as having been originally made of the horns of cattle. "Horns of mead and ale." Mason. (c) The cornucopia, or horn of plenty. See Cornucopia. "Fruits and flowers from Amalth\'91a's horn." Milton. (d) A vessel made of a horn; esp., one designed for containing powder; anciently, a small vessel for carrying liquids. "Samuel took the hornof oil and anointed him [David]." 1 Sam. xvi. 13. (e) The pointed beak of an anvil. (f) The high pommel of a saddle; also, either of the projections on a lady's saddle for supporting the leg. (g) (Arch.) The Ionic volute. (h) (Naut.) The outer end of a crosstree; also, one of the projections forming the jaws of a gaff, boom, etc. (i) (Carp.) A curved projection on the fore part of a plane. (j) One of the projections at the four corners of the Jewish altar of burnt offering. "Joab . . . caught hold on the horns of the altar." 1 Kings ii. 28.

6. One of the curved ends of a crescent; esp., an extremity or cusp of the moon when crescent-shaped.

The moon Wears a wan circle round her blunted horns. Thomson.

7. (Mil.) The curving extremity of the wing of an army or of a squadron drawn up in a crescentlike form.

Sharpening in mooned horns Their phalanx. Milton.

8. The tough, fibrous material of which true horns are composed, being, in the Ox family, chiefly albuminous, with some phosphate of lime; also, any similar substance, as that which forms the hoof crust of horses, sheep, and cattle; as, a spoon of horn.

9. (Script.) A symbol of strength, power, glory, exaltation, or pride.

The Lord is . . . the horn of my salvation. Ps. xviii. 2.

10. An emblem of a cuckold; -- used chiefly in the plural. "Thicker than a cuckold's horn." Shak. Horn block, the frame or pedestal in which a railway car axle box slides up and down; -- also called horn plate. -- Horn of a dilemma. See under Dilemma. -- Horn distemper, a disease of cattle, affecting the internal substance of the horn. -- Horn drum, a wheel with long curved scoops, for raising water. -- Horn lead (Chem.), chloride of lead. -- Horn maker, a maker of cuckolds. [Obs.] Shak. -- Horn mercury. (Min.) Same as Horn quicksilver (below). -- Horn poppy (Bot.), a plant allied to the poppy (Glaucium luteum), found on the sandy shores of Great Britain and Virginia; -- called also horned poppy. Gray. -- Horn pox (Med.), abortive smallpox with an eruption like that of chicken pox. -- Horn quicksilver (Min.), native calomel, or bichloride of mercury. -- Horn shell (Zo\'94l.), any long, sharp, spiral, gastropod shell, of the genus Cerithium, and allied genera. -- Horn silver (Min.), cerargyrite. -- Horn slate, a gray, siliceous stone. -- To haul in one's horns, to withdraw some arrogant pretension. [Colloq.]<-- = to pull in one's horns --> -- To raise, ∨ lift, the horn (Script.), to exalt one's self; to act arrogantly. "'Gainst them that raised thee dost thou lift thy horn?" Milton. -- To take a horn, to take a drink of intoxicating liquor. [Low] <-- blow one's own horn. To call attention to one's own accomplishments. opposed to "hide one's light under a bushel" -->

Horn

Horn (?), v. t.

1. To furnish with horns; to give the shape of a horn to.

2. To cause to wear horns; to cuckold. [Obs.] Shak.

Hornbeak

Horn"beak` (?), n. A fish. See Hornfish.

Hornbeam

Horn"beam` (?), n. [See Beam.] (Bot.) A tree of the genus Carpinus (C. Americana), having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard. It is common along the banks of streams in the United States, and is also called ironwood. The English hornbeam is C. Betulus. The American is called also blue beech and water beech. Hop hornbeam. (Bot.) See under Hop.

Hornbill

Horn"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the family Bucerotid\'91, of which about sixty species are known, belonging to numerous genera. They inhabit the tropical parts of Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, and are remarkable for having a more or less horn-like protuberance, which is usually large and hollow and is situated on the upper side of the beak. The size of the hornbill varies from that of a pigeon to that of a raven, or even larger. They feed chiefly upon fruit, but some species eat dead animals.
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Hornblende

Horn"blende` (?), n. [G., fr. horn horn + blende blende.] (Min.) The common black, or dark green or brown, variety of amphibole. (See Amphibole.) It belongs to the aluminous division of the species, and is also characterized by its containing considerable iron. Also used as a general term to include the whole species. Hornblende schist (Geol.), a hornblende rock of schistose structure.

Hornblendic

Horn*blend"ic (?), a. Composed largely of hornblende; resembling or relating to hornblende.

Hornblower

Horn"blow`er (?), n. [AS. hornbl\'bewere.] One who, or that which, blows a horn.

Hornbook

Horn"book` (?), n.

1. The first book for children, or that from which in former times they learned their letters and rudiments; -- so called because a sheet of horn covered the small, thin board of oak, or the slip of paper, on which the alphabet, digits, and often the Lord's Prayer, were written or printed; a primer. "He teaches boys the hornbook." Shak.

2. A book containing the rudiments of any science or branch of knowledge; a manual; a handbook.

Hornbug

Horn"bug` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large nocturnal beetle of the genus Lucanus (as L. capreolus, and L. dama), having long, curved upper jaws, resembling a sickle. The grubs are found in the trunks of old trees.

Horned

Horned (?), a. Furnished with a horn or horns; furnished with a hornlike process or appendage; as, horned cattle; having some part shaped like a horn.
The horned moon with one bright star Within the nether tip. Coleridge.
Horned bee (Zo\'94l.), a British wild bee (Osmia bicornis), having two little horns on the head. -- Horned dace (Zo\'94l.), an American cyprinoid fish (Semotilus corporialis) common in brooks and ponds; the common chub. See Illust. of Chub. -- Horned frog (Zo\'94l.), a very large Brazilian frog (Ceratophrys cornuta), having a pair of triangular horns arising from the eyelids. -- Horned grebe (Zo\'94l.), a species of grebe (Colymbus auritus), of Arctic Europe and America, having two dense tufts of feathers on the head. -- Horned horse (Zo\'94l.), the gnu. -- Horned lark (Zo\'94l.), the shore lark. -- Horned lizard (Zo\'94l.), the horned toad. -- Horned owl (Zo\'94l.), a large North American owl (Bubo Virginianus), having a pair of elongated tufts of feathers on the head. Several distinct varieties are known; as, the Arctic, Western, dusky, and striped horned owls, differing in color, and inhabiting different regions; -- called also great horned owl, horn owl, eagle owl, and cat owl. Sometimes also applied to the long-eared owl. See Eared owl, under Eared. -- Horned poppy. (Bot.) See Horn poppy, under Horn. -- Horned pout (Zo\'94l.), an American fresh-water siluroid fish; the bullpout. -- Horned rattler (Zo\'94l.), a species of rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes), inhabiting the dry, sandy plains, from California to Mexico. It has a pair of triangular horns between the eyes; -- called also sidewinder. -- Horned ray (Zo\'94l.), the sea devil. -- Horned screamer (Zo\'94l.), the kamichi. -- Horned snake (Zo\'94l.), the cerastes. -- Horned toad (Zo\'94l.), any lizard of the genus Phrynosoma, of which nine or ten species are known. These lizards have several hornlike spines on the head, and a broad, flat body, covered with spiny scales. They inhabit the dry, sandy plains from California to Mexico and Texas. Called also horned lizard. -- Horned viper. (Zo\'94l.) See Cerastes.

Hornedness

Horn"ed*ness (?), n. The condition of being horned.

Hornel

Horn"el (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European sand eel. [Scot.]

Horner

Horn"er (?), n.

1. One who works or deal in horn or horns. [R.] Grew.

2. One who winds or blows the horn. [Obs.] Sherwood.

3. One who horns or cuckolds. [Obs.] Massinger.

4. (Zo\'94l.) The British sand lance or sand eel (Ammodytes lanceolatus).

Hornet

Hor"net (?), n. [AS. hyrnet; akin to OHG. hornaz, hornuz, G. horniss; perh. akin to E. horn, and named from the sound it makes as if blowing the horn; but more prob. akin to D. horzel, Lith. szirszone, L. crabo.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, strong wasp. The European species (Vespa crabro) is of a dark brown and yellow color. It is very pugnacious, and its sting is very severe. Its nest is constructed of a paperlike material, and the layers of comb are hung together by columns. The American white-faced hornet (V. maculata) is larger and has similar habits. Hornet fly (Zo\'94l.), any dipterous insect of the genus Asilus, and allied genera, of which there are numerous species. They are large and fierce flies which capture bees and other insects, often larger than themselves, and suck their blood. Called also hawk fly, robber fly. -- To stir up a hornet's nest, to provoke the attack of a swarm of spiteful enemies or spirited critics. [Colloq.]

Hornfish

Horn"fish` (?), n. [AS. hornfisc.] (Zo\'94l.) The garfish or sea needle.

Hornfoot

Horn"foot` (?), a. Having hoofs; hoofed.

Hornify

Horn"i*fy (?), v. t. [Horn + -fy.] To horn; to cuckold. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Horning

Horn"ing, n. Appearance of the moon when increasing, or in the form of a crescent. J. Gregory. Letters of horning (Scots Law), the process or authority by which a person, directed by the decree of a court of justice to pay or perform anything, is ordered to comply therewith. Mozley & W.

Hornish

Horn"ish, a. Somewhat like horn; hard.

Hornito

Hor*ni"to (?), n. [A dim. fr. Sp. horno oven, L. furnus. See Furnace.] (Geol.) A low, oven-shaped mound, common in volcanic regions, and emitting smoke and vapors from its sides and summit. Humboldt.

Hornless

Horn"less (?), a. Having no horn.

Horn-mad

Horn"-mad` (?), a. Quite mad; -- raving crazy.
Did I tell you about Mr. Garrick, that the town are horn-mad after? Gray.

Hornotine

Hor"no*tine (?), n. [L. hornotinus of this year.] (Zo\'94l.) A yearling; a bird of the year.

Hornowl

Horn"owl` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Horned Owl.

Hornpike

Horn"pike` (?), n. The garfish. [Prov. Eng.]

Hornpipe

Horn"pipe` (?), n. (Mus.) (a) An instrument of music formerly popular in Wales, consisting of a wooden pipe, with holes at intervals. It was so called because the bell at the open end was sometimes made of horn. (b) A lively tune played on a hornpipe, for dancing; a tune adapted for such playing.
Many a hornpipe he tuned to his Phyllis. Sir W. Raleigh.
(c) A dance performed, usually by one person, to such a tune, and popular among sailors.<-- = sailor's hornpipe -->

Hornpout

Horn"pout` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Horned pout, under Horned.

Hornsnake

Horn"snake` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A harmless snake (Farancia abacura), found in the Southern United States. The color is bluish black above, red below.

Hornstone

Horn"stone` (?), n. (Min.) A siliceous stone, a variety of quartz, closely resembling flint, but more brittle; -- called also chert.

Horntail

Horn"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of family (Urocerid\'91) of large hyminopterous insects, allied to the sawflies. The larv\'91 bore in the wood of trees. So called from the long, stout ovipositors of the females.

Hornwork

Horn"work` (?), n. (Fort.) An outwork composed of two demibastions joined by a curtain. It is connected with the works in rear by long wings.

Hornwort

Horn"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) An aquatic plant (Ceratophyllum), with finely divided leaves.

Hornwrack

Horn"wrack` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bryozoan of the genus Flustra.

Horny

Horn"y (?), a. [Compar. Hornier (?); superl. Horniest.]

1. Having horns or hornlike projections. Gay.

2. Composed or made of horn, or of a substance resembling horn; of the nature of horn. "The horny . . . coat of the eye." Ray.

3. Hard; callous. "His horny fist." Dryden.

Horny-handed

Horn"y-hand`ed (?), a. Having the hands horny and callous from labor.

Hornyhead

Horn"y*head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any North American river chub of the genus Hybopsis, esp. H. biguttatus.

Horography

Ho*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. horographie.]

1. An account of the hours. Chaucer.

2. The art of constructing instruments for making the hours, as clocks, watches, and dials.

Horologe

Hor"o*loge (?), n. [OE. horologe, orloge, timepiece, OF. horloge, orloge, oriloge, F. horloge, L. horologium, fr. Gr. Hour, and Logic.]

1. A servant who called out the hours. [Obs.]

2. An instrument indicating the time of day; a timepiece of any kind; a watch, clock, or dial. Shak.

Horologer

Ho*rol"o*ger (?), n. A maker or vender of clocks and watches; one skilled in horology.

Horological

Hor`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [L. horologicus, Gr. Relating to a horologe, or to horology.

Horologiographer

Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*pher (?), n. [See Horologiography.] A maker of clocks, watches, or dials.

Horologiographic

Hor`o*lo`gi*o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to horologiography. Chambers.

Horologiography

Hor`o*lo`gi*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.]

1. An account of instruments that show the hour.

2. The art of constructing clocks or dials; horography.

Horologist

Ho*rol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in horology.

Horology

Ho*rol"o*gy (?), n. [See Horologe.] The science of measuring time, or the principles and art of constructing instruments for measuring and indicating portions of time, as clocks, watches, dials, etc.

Horometer

Ho*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] An instrument for measuring time.

Horometrical

Hor`o*met"ric*al (?), a. Belonging to horometry.

Horometry

Ho*rom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. horom\'82trie. See Horometer.] The art, practice, or method of measuring time by hours and subordinate divisions. "The horometry of antiquity." Sir T. Browne.

Horopter

Ho*rop"ter (?), n. [Gr. (Opt.) The line or surface in which are situated all the points which are seen single while the point of sight, or the adjustment of the eyes, remains unchanged.
The sum of all the points which are seen single, while the point of sight remains unchanged, is called the horopter. J. Le Conte.

Horopteric

Hor`op*ter"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Of or pertaining to the horopter.

Horoscope

Hor"o*scope (?), n. [F. horoscope, L. horoscopus, fr. Gr. n.
, a horoscope; Hour, and -scope.]

1. (Astrol.) (a) The representation made of the aspect of the heavens at the moment of a person's birth, by which the astrologer professed to foretell the events of the person's life; especially, the sign of the zodiac rising above the horizon at such a moment. (b) The diagram or scheme of twelve houses or signs of the zodiac, into which the whole circuit of the heavens was divided for the purposes of such prediction of fortune.

2. The planisphere invented by Jean Paduanus.

3. A table showing the length of the days and nights at all places. Heyse.

Horoscoper, Horoscopist

Hor"o*sco`per (?), Ho*ros"co*pist (?), n. One versed in horoscopy; an astrologer.

Horoscopy

Ho*ros"co*py (?), n.

1. The art or practice of casting horoscopes, or observing the disposition of the stars, with a view to prediction events.

2. Aspect of the stars at the time of a person's birth.

Horrendous

Hor*ren"dous (?), a. [L. horrendus.] Fearful; frightful. [Obs.] I. Watts.

Horrent

Hor"rent (?), a. [L. horrens, p.pr. of horrere to bristle. See Horror.] Standing erect, as bristles; covered with bristling points; bristled; bristling.
"Ho! who's within?" Shak.

2. [Perhaps corrupted fr. hold; but cf. F. hau stop! and E. whoa.] Stop! stand still! hold! -- a word now used by teamsters, but formerly to order the cessation of anything. [Written also whoa, and, formerly, hoo.]

The duke . . . pulled out his sword and cried "Hoo!" Chaucer.
An herald on a scaffold made an hoo. Chaucer.

Hoar

Hoar (?), a. [OE. hor, har, AS. h\'ber; akin to Icel. h\'berr, and to OHG. h&emac;r illustrious, magnificent; cf. Icel. Hei&edh; brightness of the sky, Goth. hais torch, Skr. k&emac;tus light, torch. Cf. Hoary.]

1. White, or grayish white: as, hoar frost; hoar cliffs. "Hoar waters." Spenser.

2. Gray or white with age; hoary.

Whose beard with age is hoar. Coleridge.
Old trees with trunks all hoar. Byron.

3. Musty; moldy; stale. [Obs.] Shak.

Hoar

Hoar, n. Hoariness; antiquity. [R.]
Covered with the awful hoar of innumerable ages. Burke.

Hoar

Hoar, v. t. [AS. h\'berian to grow gray.] To become moldy or musty. [Obs.] Shak.

Hoard

Hoard (?), n. See Hoarding, 2. Smart.

Hoard

Hoard, n. [OE. hord, AS. hord; akin to OS. hord, G. hort, Icel. hodd, Goth. huzd; prob. from the root of E. hide to conceal, and of L. custos guard, E. custody. See Hide to conceal.] A store, stock, or quantity of anything accumulated or laid up; a hidden supply; a treasure; as, a hoard of provisions; a hoard of money.

Hoard

Hoard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoarding.] [AS. hordian.] To collect and lay up; to amass and deposit in secret; to store secretly, or for the sake of keeping and accumulating; as, to hoard grain.

Hoard

Hoard, v. i. To lay up a store or hoard, as of money.
To hoard for those whom he did breed. Spenser.

Hoarder

Hoard"er (?), n. One who hoards.

Hoarding

Hoard"ing (?), n. [From OF. hourd, hourt, barrier, palisade, of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. horde hurdle, fence, G. horde, h\'81rde; akin to E. hurdle. &root;16. See Hurdle.]

1. (Arch.) A screen of boards inclosing a house and materials while builders are at work. [Eng.]

Posted on every dead wall and hoarding. London Graphic.

2. A fence, barrier, or cover, inclosing, surrounding, or concealing something.

The whole arrangement was surrounded by a hoarding, the space within which was divided into compartments by sheets of tin. Tyndall.

Hoared

Hoared (?), a. Moldy; musty. [Obs.] Granmer.

Hoarfrost

Hoar"frost` (?), n. The white particles formed by the congelation of dew; white frost. [Written also horefrost. See Hoar, a.]
He scattereth the hoarfrost like ashes. Ps. cxlvii. 16.

Hoarhound

Hoar"hound` (?), n. Same as Horehound.

Hoariness

Hoar"i*ness (?), n. [From Hoary.] The state of being hoary. Dryden.

Hoarse

Hoarse (?), a. [Compar. Hoarser (?), superl. Hoarsest.] [OE. hors, also hos, has, AS. h\'bes; akin to D. heesch, G. heiser, Icel. h\'bess, Dan. h\'91s, Sw. hes. Cf. Prov. E. heazy.]

1. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice or sound, as when affected with a cold; making a rough, harsh cry or sound; as, the hoarse raven.

The hoarse resounding shore. Dryden.

2. Harsh; grating; discordant; -- said of any sound.

Hoarsely

Hoarse"ly, adv. With a harsh, grating sound or voice.

Hoarsen

Hoars"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoarsened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoarsening.] To make hoarse.
I shall be obliged to hoarsen my voice. Richardson.

Hoarseness

Hoarse"ness (?), n. Harshness or roughness of voice or sound, due to mucus collected on the vocal cords, or to swelling or looseness of the cords.
Page 697

Hoarstone

Hoar"stone` (?), n. A stone designating the Halliwell.

Hoary

Hoar"y (?), a.

1. White or whitish."The hoary willows." Addison.

2. White or gray with age; hoar; as, hoary hairs.

Reverence the hoary head. Dr. T. Dwight.

3. Hence, remote in time past; as, hoary antiquity.

4. Moldy; mossy; musty. [Obs.] Knolles.

5. (Zo\'94l.) Of a pale silvery gray.

6. (Bot.) Covered with short, dense, grayish white hairs; canescent. Hoary bat (Zo\'94l.), an American bat (Atalapha cinerea), having the hair yellowish, or brown, tipped with white.

Hoatzin

Ho"at*zin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Hoazin.

Hoax

Hoax (?), n. [Prob. contr. fr. hocus, in hocus-pocus.] A deception for mockery or mischief; a deceptive trick or story; a practical joke. Macaulay.

Hoax

Hoax, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoaxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hoaxing.] To deceive by a story or a trick, for sport or mischief; to impose upon sportively. Lamb.

Hoaxer

Hoax"er (?), n. One who hoaxes.

Hoazin

Hoa"zin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A remarkable South American bird (Opisthocomus cristatus); the crested touraco. By some zo\'94logists it is made the type of a distinct order (Opisthocomi).

Hob

Hob (?), n. [Prob. akin to hump. Cf. Hub. ]

1. The hub of a wheel. See Hub. Washington.

2. The flat projection or iron shelf at the side of a fire grate, where things are put to be kept warm. Smart.

3. (Mech.) A threaded and fluted hardened steel cutter, resembling a tap, used in a lathe for forming the teeth of screw chasers, worm wheels, etc.

Hob

Hob, n [Orig. an abbrev. of Robin, Robert; Robin Goodfellow a celebrated fairy, or domestic spirit. Cf. Hobgoblin, and see Robin. ]

1. A fairy; a sprite; an elf. [Obs.]

From elves, hobs, and fairies, . . . Defend us, good Heaven ! Beau. & FL.

2. A countryman; a rustic; a clown. [Obs.] Nares.

Rough and horrent with figures in strong relief. De Quincey.
With bright emblazonry and horrent arms. Milton.

Horrible

Hor"ri*ble (?), a. [OE. horrible, orrible, OF. horrible, orrible, F. horrible, fr. L. horribilis, fr. horrere. See Horror.] Exciting, or tending to excite, horror or fear; dreadful; terrible; shocking; hideous; as, a horrible sight; a horrible story; a horrible murder.
A dungeon horrible on all sides round. Milton.
Syn. -- Dreadful; frightful; fearful; terrible; awful; terrific; shocking; hideous; horrid.

Horribleness

Hor"ri*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being horrible; dreadfulness; hideousness.
The horribleness of the mischief. Sir P. Sidney.

Horribly

Hor"ri*bly, adv. In a manner to excite horror; dreadfully; terribly.

Horrid

Hor"rid (?), a. [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.]

1. Rough; rugged; bristling. [Archaic]

Horrid with fern, and intricate with thorn. Dryden.

2. Fitted to excite horror; dreadful; hideous; shocking; hence, very offensive.

Not in the legions Of horrid hell. Shak.
The horrid things they say. Pope.
Syn. -- Frightful; hideous; alarming; shocking; dreadful; awful; terrific; horrible; abominable.

Horridly

Hor"rid*ly, adv. In a horrid manner. Shak.

Horridness

Hor"rid*ness, n. The quality of being horrid.

Horrific

Hor*rif"ic (?), a. [L. horrifieus; horrere to be horrible + -ficare (in comp.) to make: cf. F. horrifique. See Horror, -fy.] Causing horror; frightful.
Let . . . nothing ghastly or horrific be supposed. I. Taylor.

Horrification

Hor`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. That which causes horror. [R.] Miss Edgeworth.

Horrify

Hor"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Horrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Horrifying (?).] [L. horrificare. See Horrific.] To cause to feel horror; to strike or impress with horror; as, the sight horrified the beholders. E. Irving.

Horripilation

Hor*rip`i*la"tion (?), n. [L. horripilatio, fr. horripilare to bristle; horrere to bristle + pilus the hair: cf. F. horripilation.] (Med.) A real or fancied bristling of the hair of the head or body, resulting from disease, terror, chilliness, etc.

Horrisonant

Hor*ris"o*nant (?), a. Horrisonous. [Obs.]

Horrisonous

Hor*ris"o*nous (?), a. [L. horrisonus; horrere to be horrible + sonus a sound.] Sounding dreadfully; uttering a terrible sound. [Obs.] Bailey.

Horror

Hor"ror (?), n. [Formerly written horrour.] [L. horror, fr. horrere to bristle, to shiver, to tremble with cold or dread, to be dreadful or terrible; cf. Skr. h to bristle.]

1. A bristling up; a rising into roughness; tumultuous movement. [Archaic]

Such fresh horror as you see driven through the wrinkled waves. Chapman.

2. A shaking, shivering, or shuddering, as in the cold fit which precedes a fever; in old medical writings, a chill of less severity than a rigor, and more marked than an algor.

3. A painful emotion of fear, dread, and abhorrence; a shuddering with terror and detestation; the feeling inspired by something frightful and shocking.

How could this, in the sight of heaven, without horrors of conscience be uttered? Milton.

4. That which excites horror or dread, or is horrible; gloom; dreariness.

Breathes a browner horror on the woods. Pope.
The horrors, delirium tremens. [Colloq.]
Page 707

Horror-sticken

Hor"ror-stick`en (?), a. Struck with horror; horrified.
Blank and horror-stricken faces. C. Kingsley.

Horror-struck

Hor"ror-struck` (?), a. Horror-stricken; horrified. M. Arnold.

Hors de combat

Hors` de com`bat" (?). [F.] Out of the combat; disabled from fighting.<-- = out of action -->

Horse

Horse (?), n. [AS. hors; akin to OS. hros, D. & OHG. ros, G. ross, Icel. hross; and perh. to L. currere to run, E. course, current Cf. Walrus.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A hoofed quadruped of the genus Equus; especially, the domestic horse (E. caballus), which was domesticated in Egypt and Asia at a very early period. It has six broad molars, on each side of each jaw, with six incisors, and two canine teeth, both above and below. The mares usually have the canine teeth rudimentary or wanting. The horse differs from the true asses, in having a long, flowing mane, and the tail bushy to the base. Unlike the asses it has callosities, or chestnuts, on all its legs. The horse excels in strength, speed, docility, courage, and nobleness of character, and is used for drawing, carrying, bearing a rider, and like purposes. &hand; Many varieties, differing in form, size, color, gait, speed, etc., are known, but all are believed to have been derived from the same original species. It is supposed to have been a native of the plains of Central Asia, but the wild species from which it was derived is not certainly known. The feral horses of America are domestic horses that have run wild; and it is probably true that most of those of Asia have a similar origin. Some of the true wild Asiatic horses do, however, approach the domestic horse in several characteristics. Several species of fossil (Equus) are known from the later Tertiary formations of Europe and America. The fossil species of other genera of the family Equid\'91 are also often called horses, in general sense.

2. The male of the genus horse, in distinction from the female or male; usually, a castrated male.

3. Mounted soldiery; cavalry; -- used without the plural termination; as, a regiment of horse; -- distinguished from foot.

The armies were appointed, consisting of twenty-five thousand horse and foot. Bacon.

4. A frame with legs, used to support something; as, a clotheshorse, a sawhorse, etc.

5. A frame of timber, shaped like a horse, on which soldiers were made to ride for punishment.

6. Anything, actual or figurative, on which one rides as on a horse; a hobby.

7. (Mining) A mass of earthy matter, or rock of the same character as the wall rock, occurring in the course of a vein, as of coal or ore; hence, to take horse -- said of a vein -- is to divide into branches for a distance.

8. (Naut.) (a) See Footrope, a. (b) A breastband for a leadsman. (c) An iron bar for a sheet traveler to slide upon. (d) A jackstay. W. C. Russell. Totten. &hand; Horse is much used adjectively and in composition to signify of, or having to do with, a horse or horses, like a horse, etc.; as, horse collar, horse dealer or horsehorsehoe, horse jockey; and hence, often in the sense of strong, loud, coarse, etc.; as, horselaugh, horse nettle or horse-nettle, horseplay, horse ant, etc. Black horse, Blood horse, etc. See under Black, etc. -- Horse aloes, caballine aloes. -- Horse ant (Zo\'94l.), a large ant (Formica rufa); -- called also horse emmet. -- Horse artillery, that portion of the artillery in which the cannoneers are mounted, and which usually serves with the cavalry; flying artillery. -- Horse balm (Bot.), a strong-scented labiate plant (Collinsonia Canadensis), having large leaves and yellowish flowers. -- Horse bean (Bot.), a variety of the English or Windsor bean (Faba vulgaris), grown for feeding horses. -- Horse boat, a boat for conveying horses and cattle, or a boat propelled by horses. -- Horse bot. (Zo\'94l.) See Botfly, and Bots. -- Horse box, a railroad car for transporting valuable horses, as hunters. [Eng.] -- Horse breaker ∨ trainer, one employed in subduing or training horses for use. -- Horse car. (a) A railroad car drawn by horses. See under Car. (b) A car fitted for transporting horses. -- Horse cassia (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Cassia Javanica), bearing long pods, which contain a black, catharic pulp, much used in the East Indies as a horse medicine. -- Horse cloth, a cloth to cover a horse. -- Horse conch (Zo\'94l.), a large, spiral, marine shell of the genus Triton. See Triton. -- Horse courser. (a) One that runs horses, or keeps horses for racing. Johnson. (b) A dealer in horses. [Obs.] Wiseman. -- Horse crab (Zo\'94l.), the Limulus; -- called also horsefoot, horsehoe crab, and king crab. -- Horse crevall\'82 (Zo\'94l.), the cavally.<-- a type of fish --> -- Horse emmet (Zo\'94l.), the horse ant. -- Horse finch (Zo\'94l.), the chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.] -- Horse gentian (Bot.), fever root. -- Horse iron (Naut.), a large calking iron. -- Horse latitudes, a space in the North Atlantic famous for calms and baffling winds, being between the westerly winds of higher latitudes and the trade winds. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Horse mackrel. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common tunny (Orcynus thunnus), found on the Atlantic coast of Europe and America, and in the Mediterranean. (b) The bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix). (c) The scad. (d) The name is locally applied to various other fishes, as the California hake, the black candlefish, the jurel, the bluefish, etc. -- Horse marine (Naut.), an awkward, lubbery person; one of a mythical body of marine cavalry. [Slang] -- Horse mussel (Zo\'94l.), a large, marine mussel (Modiola modiolus), found on the northern shores of Europe and America. -- Horse nettle (Bot.), a coarse, prickly, American herb, the Solanum Carolinense. -- Horse parsley. (Bot.) See Alexanders. -- Horse purslain (Bot.), a coarse fleshy weed of tropical America (Trianthema monogymnum). -- Horse race, a race by horses; a match of horses in running or trotting. -- Horse racing, the practice of racing with horses. -- Horse railroad, a railroad on which the cars are drawn by horses; -- in England, and sometimes in the United States, called a tramway. -- Horse run (Civil Engin.), a device for drawing loaded wheelbarrows up an inclined plane by horse power. -- Horse sense, strong common sense. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Horse soldier, a cavalryman. -- Horse sponge (Zo\'94l.), a large, coarse, commercial sponge (Spongia equina). -- Horse stinger (Zo\'94l.), a large dragon fly. [Prov. Eng.] -- Horse sugar (Bot.), a shrub of the southern part of the United States (Symplocos tinctoria), whose leaves are sweet, and good for fodder. -- Horse tick (Zo\'94l.), a winged, dipterous insect (Hippobosca equina), which troubles horses by biting them, and sucking their blood; -- called also horsefly, horse louse, and forest fly. -- Horse vetch (Bot.), a plant of the genus Hippocrepis (H. comosa), cultivated for the beauty of its flowers; -- called also horsehoe vetch, from the peculiar shape of its pods. -- Iron horse, a locomotive. [Colloq.] -- Salt horse, the sailor's name for salt beef. -- To look a gift horse in the mouth, to examine the mouth of a horse which has been received as a gift, in order to ascertain his age; -- hence, to accept favors in a critical and thankless spirit. Lowell. -- To take horse. (a) To set out on horseback. Macaulay. (b) To be covered, as a mare. (c) See definition 7 (above).

Horse

Horse (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Horsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Horsing.] [AS. horsion.]

1. To provide with a horse, or with horses; to mount on, or as on, a horse. "Being better horsed, outrode me." Shak.

2. To sit astride of; to bestride. Shak.

3. To cover, as a mare; -- said of the male.

4. To take or carry on the back; as, the keeper, horsing a deer. S. Butler.

5. To place on the back of another, or on a wooden horse, etc., to be flogged; to subject to such punishment.

Horse

Horse, v. i. To get on horseback. [Obs.] Shelton.

Horseback

Horse"back` (?), n.

1. The back of a horse.

2. An extended ridge of sand, gravel, and bowlders, in a half-stratified condition. Agassiz. On horseback, on the back of a horse; mounted or riding on a horse or horses; in the saddle.

The long journey was to be performed on horseback. Prescott.

Horse-chestnut

Horse`-chest"nut (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The large nutlike seed of a species of \'92sculus (\'92. Hippocastanum), formerly ground, and fed to horses, whence the name. (b) The tree itself, which was brought from Constantinople in the beginning of the sixteenth century, and is now common in the temperate zones of both hemispheres. The native American species are called buckeyes.

Horse-drench

Horse"-drench` (?), n.

1. A dose of physic for a horse. Shak.

2. The appliance by which the dose is administred.

Horsefish

Horse"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The moonfish (Selene setipinnis). (b) The sauger.

Horseflesh

Horse"flesh` (?), n.

1. The flesh of horses.

The Chinese eat horseflesh at this day. Bacon.

2. Horses, generally; the qualities of a horse; as, he is a judge of horseflesh. [Colloq.] Horseflesh ore (Min.), a miner's name for bornite, in allusion to its peculiar reddish color on fresh facture.

Horsefly

Horse"fly` (?), n.; pl. Horseflies (.

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any dipterous fly of the family Tabanid\'91, that stings horses, and sucks their blood. &hand; Of these flies there are numerous species, both in Europe and America. They have a large proboscis with four sharp lancets for piercing the skin. Called also breeze fly. See Illust. under Diptera, and Breeze fly.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The horse tick or forest fly (Hippobosca).

Horsefoot

Horse"foot` (?), n.; pl. Horsefeet (#).

1. (Bot.) The coltsfoot.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The Limulus or horseshoe crab.

Horse Guards

Horse" Guards` (?). (Mil.) A body of cavalry so called; esp., a British regiment, called the Royal Horse Guards, which furnishes guards of state for the sovereign. The Horse Guards, a name given to the former headquarters of the commander in chief of the British army, at Whitehall in London.

Horsehair

Horse"hair` (?), n. A hair of a horse, especially one from the mane or tail; the hairs of the mane or tail taken collectively; a fabric or tuft made of such hairs. Horsehair worm (Zo\'94l.), the hair worm or gordius.

Horsehead

Horse"head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The silver moonfish (Selene vomer).

Horsehide

Horse"hide` (?), n.

1. The hide of a horse.

2. Leather made of the hide of a horse.

Horse-jockey

Horse"-jock`ey (?), n.

1. A professional rider and trainer of race horses.

2. A trainer and dealer in horses.

Horseknop

Horse"knop` (?), n. (Bot.) Knapweed.

Horselaugh

Horse"laugh` (?), n. A loud, boisterous laugh; a guffaw. Pope.

Horse-leech

Horse"-leech` (?), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) A large blood-sucking leech (H\'91mopsis vorax), of Europe and Northern Africa. It attacks the lips and mouths of horses.

2. A farrier; a veterinary surgeon.

Horse-leechery

Horse"-leech`er*y (?), n. The business of a farrier; especially, the art of curing the diseases of horses.

Horse-litter

Horse"-lit`ter (?), n. A carriage hung on poles, and borne by and between two horses. Milton.

Horseman

Horse"man (?), n.; pl. Horsemen (.

1. A rider on horseback; one skilled in the management of horses; a mounted man.

2. (Mil.) A mounted soldier; a cavalryman.

3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A land crab of the genus Ocypoda, living on the coast of Brazil and the West Indies, noted for running very swiftly. (b) A West Indian fish of the genus Eques, as the light-horseman (E. lanceolatus).

Horsemanship

Horse"man*ship, n. The act or art of riding, and of training and managing horses; manege.

Horsemint

Horse"mint` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A coarse American plant of the Mint family (Monarda punctata). (b) In England, the wild mint (Mentha sylvestris).

Horsenail

Horse"nail` (?), n. A thin, pointed nail, with a heavy flaring head, for securing a horsehoe to the hoof; a horsehoe nail.

Horseplay

Horse"play` (?), n. Rude, boisterous play.
Too much given to horseplay in his raillery. Dryden.

Horsepond

Horse"pond` (?), n. A pond for watering horses.

Horse power

Horse" pow`er (?).

1. The power which a horse exerts.

2. (Mach.) A unit of power, used in stating the power required to drive machinery, and in estimating the capabilities of animals or steam engines and other prime movers for doing work. It is the power required for the performance of work at the rate of 33,000 English units of work per minute; hence, it is the power that must be exerted in lifting 33,000 pounds at the rate of one foot per minute, or 550 pounds at the rate of one foot per second, or 55 pounds at the rate of ten feet per second, etc. &hand; The power of a draught horse, of average strength, working eight hours per day, is about four fifths of a standard horse power. Brake horse power, the net effective power of a prime mover, as a steam engine, water wheel, etc., in horse powers, as shown by a friction brake. See Friction brake, under Friction. -- Indicated horse power, the power exerted in the cylinder of an engine, stated in horse powers, estimated from the diameter and speed of the piston, and the mean effective pressure upon it as shown by an indicator. See Indicator. -- Nominal horse power (Steam Engine), a term still sometimes used in England to express certain proportions of cylinder, but having no value as a standard of measurement.

3. A machine worked by a horse, for driving other machinery; a horse motor.

Horse-radish

Horse"-rad`ish (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Nasturtium (N. Armoracia), allied to scurvy grass, having a root of a pungent taste, much used, when grated, as a condiment and in medicine. Gray. Horse-radish tree. (Bot.) See Moringa.

Horserake

Horse"rake` (?), n. A rake drawn by a horse.

Horseshoe

Horse"shoe` (?), n.

1. A shoe for horses, consisting of a narrow plate of iron in form somewhat like the letter U, nailed to a horse's hoof.

2. Anything shaped like a horsehoe crab.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The Limulus of horsehoe crab. Horsehoe head (Med.), an old name for the condition of the skull in children, in which the sutures are too open, the coronal suture presenting the form of a horsehoe. Dunglison. -- Horsehoe magnet, an artificial magnet in the form of a horsehoe. -- Horsehoe nail. See Horsenail. -- Horsehoe nose (Zo\'94l.), a bat of the genus Rhinolophus, having a nasal fold of skin shaped like a horsehoe.

Horseshoer

Horse"sho`er (?), n. One who shoes horses.

Horseshoeing

Horse"shoe`ing (?), n. The act or employment of shoeing horses.

Horsetail

Horse"tail` (?), n.

1. (Bot.) A leafless plant, with hollow and rushlike stems. It is of the genus Equisetum, and is allied to the ferns. See Illust. of Equisetum.

2. A Turkish standard, denoting rank. &hand; Commanders are distinguished by the number of horsetails carried before them. Thus, the sultan has seven, the grand vizier five, and the pashas three, two, or one. Shrubby horsetail. (Bot.) See Joint-fir.

Horseweed

Horse"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A composite plant (Erigeron Canadensis), which is a common weed.

Horsewhip

Horse"whip` (?), n. A whip for horses.

Horsewhip

Horse"whip`, v. t. To flog or chastise with a horsewhip.

Horsewoman

Horse"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Horsewomen (. A woman who rides on horseback.

Horsewood

Horse"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A West Indian tree (Calliandra latifolia) with showy, crimson blossoms.

Horseworm

Horse"worm` (?), n. The larva of a botfly.

Horsiness

Hors"i*ness (?), n.

1. The condition or quality of being a horse; that which pertains to a horse. Tennyson.

2. Fondness for, or interest in, horses.

Horsly

Hors"ly (?), a. Horselike. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Horsy

Hors"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or suggestive of, a horse, or of horse racing; as, horsy manners; garments of fantastically horsy fashions. [Colloq.]

Hortation

Hor*ta"tion (?), n. [L. hortatio, fr. hortari to incite, exhort, fr. hori to urge.] The act of exhorting, inciting, or giving advice; exhortation. [R.]

Hortative

Hor"ta*tive (?), a. [L. hortativus.] Giving exhortation; advisory; exhortative. Bullokar.
Page 708

Hortative

Hor"ta*tive (?), n. An exhortation. [Obs.]

Hortatory

Hor"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. hortatorius.] Giving exhortation or advise; encouraging; exhortatory; inciting; as, a hortatory speech. Holland.

Hortensial

Hor*ten"sial (?), a. [L. hortensius, hortensis, fr. hortus garden; akin to E. yard an inclosure.] Fit for a garden. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Horticultor

Hor"ti*cul`tor (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hortus garden + cultor a cultivator, colere to cultivate.] One who cultivates a garden.

Horticultural

Hor`ti*cul"tur*al (?), a. [Cf. F. horticultural.] Of or pertaining to horticulture, or the culture of gardens or orchards.

Horticulture

Hor"ti*cul`ture (?), n. [L. hortus garden + cultura culture: cf. F. horticulture. See Yard an inclosure, and Culture.] The cultivation of a garden or orchard; the art of cultivating gardens or orchards.

Horticulturist

Hor`ti*cul"tur*ist (?), n. One who practices horticulture.

Hortulan

Hor"tu*lan (?), a. [L. hortulanus; hortus garden.] Belonging to a garden. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Hortus siccus

Hor"tus sic"cus (?). [L., a dry garden.] A collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved, and arranged systematically; an herbarium.

Hortyard

Hort"yard (?), n. An orchard. [Obs.]

Hosanna

Ho*san"na (?), n.; pl. Hosannas (#). [Gr. h\'d3sh\'c6'\'beh nn\'besave now, save, we pray, h\'d3sh\'c6a' to save (Hiphil, a causative form, of y\'besha') + n\'be, a particle.] A Hebrew exclamation of praise to the Lord, or an invocation of blessings. "Hosanna to the Highest." Milton.
Hosanna to the Son of David. Matt. xxi. 9.

Hose

Hose (?), n.; pl. Hose, formerly Hosen (#). [AS. hose; akin to D. hoos, G. hose breeches, OHG. hosa, Icel. hosa stocking, gather, Dan. hose stocking; cf. Russ. koshulia a fur jacket.]

1. Close-fitting trousers or breeches, as formerly worn, reaching to the knee.

These men were bound in their coats, their hosen, and their hats, and their other garments. Dan. iii. 21.
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank. Shak.

2. Covering for the feet and lower part of the legs; a stocking or stockings.

3. A flexible pipe, made of leather, India rubber, or other material, and used for conveying fluids, especially water, from a faucet, hydrant, or fire engine. Hose carriage, cart, ∨ truck, a wheeled vehicle fitted for conveying hose for extinguishing fires. -- Hose company, a company of men appointed to bring and manage hose in the extinguishing of fires. [U.S.] -- Hose coupling, coupling with interlocking parts for uniting hose, end to end. -- Hose wrench, a spanner for turning hose couplings, to unite or disconnect them.

Hosen

Ho"sen (?), n. pl. See Hose. [Archaic]

Hosier

Ho"sier (?), n. One who deals in hose or stocking, or in goods knit or woven like hose.

Hosiery

Ho"sier*y (?), n.

1. The business of a hosier.

2. Stockings, in general; goods knit or woven like hose.

Hospice

Hos"pice (?), n. [F., fr. L. hospitium hospitality, a place where strangers are entertained, fr. hospes stranger, guest. See Host a landlord.] A convent or monastery which is also a place of refuge or entertainment for travelers on some difficult road or pass, as in the Alps; as, the Hospice of the Great St. Bernard.

Hospitable

Hos"pi*ta*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. hospitable, LL. hospitare to receive as a guest. See Host a landlord.]

1. Receiving and entertaining strangers or guests with kindness and without reward; kind to strangers and guests; characterized by hospitality. Shak.

2. Proceeding from or indicating kindness and generosity to guests and strangers; as, hospitable rites.

To where you taper cheers the vale With hospitable ray. Goldsmith.

Hospitableness

Hos"pi*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of being hospitable; hospitality. Barrow.

Hospitably

Hos"pi*ta*bly, adv. In a hospitable manner.

Hospitage

Hos"pi*tage (?), n. [LL. hospitagium, for L. hospitium. See Hospice.] Hospitality. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hospital

Hos"pi*tal (?), n. [OF. hospital, ospital, F. h\'93pital, LL. hospitale (or perh. E. hospital is directly from the Late Latin), from L. hospitalis relating to a guest, hospitalia apartments for guests, fr. hospes guest. See Host a landlord, and cf. Hostel, Hotel, Spital.]

1. A place for shelter or entertainment; an inn. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A building in which the sick, injured, or infirm are received and treated; a public or private institution founded for reception and cure, or for the refuge, of persons diseased in body or mind, or disabled, infirm, or dependent, and in which they are treated either at their own expense, or more often by charity in whole or in part; a tent, building, or other place where the sick or wounded of an army cared for. Hospital ship, a vessel fitted up for a floating hospital. -- Hospital Sunday, a Sunday set apart for simultaneous contribution in churches to hospitals; as, the London Hospital Sunday.

Hospital

Hos"pi*tal, a. [L. hospitalis: cf. OF. hospital.] Hospitable. [Obs.] Howell.

Hospitaler

Hos"pi*tal*er (?), n. [Written also hospitaller.] [F. hospitalier. See Hospital, and cf. Hostler.]

1. One residing in a hospital, for the purpose of receiving the poor, the sick, and strangers.

2. One of an order of knights who built a hospital at Jerusalem for pilgrims, A. D. 1042. They were called Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, and after the removal of the order to Malta, Knights of Malta.

Hospitalism

Hos"pi*tal*ism (?), n. (Med.) A vitiated condition of the body, due to long confinement in a hospital, or the morbid condition of the atmosphere of a hospital.

Hospitality

Hos`pi*tal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Hospitalities (#). [L. hospitalitas: cf. F. hospitalit\'82.] The act or practice of one who is hospitable; reception and entertainment of strangers or guests without reward, or with kind and generous liberality.
Given to hospitality. Rom. xii. 13.
And little recks to find the way to heaven By doing deeds of hospitality. Shak.

Hospitalize

Hos"pi*tal*ize (?), v. t. (Med.) To render (a building) unfit for habitation, by long continued use as a hospital.

Hospitate

Hos"pi*tate (?), v. i. [L. hospitatus, p.p. of hospitari to be a guest, fr. hospes guest.] To receive hospitality; to be a guest. [Obs.] Grew.

Hospitate

Hos"pi*tate, v. t. To receive with hospitality; to lodge as a guest. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Hospitium

Hos*pi"ti*um (?), n. [L. See Hospice.]

1. An inn; a lodging; a hospice. [Obs.]

2. (Law) An inn of court.

Hospodar

Hos"po*dar` (?), n. [A Slav. word; cf. Russ. gospodare lord, master.] A title borne by the princes or governors of Moldavia and Wallachia before those countries were united as Roumania.

Host

Host (?), n. [LL. hostia sacrifice, victim, from hostire to strike.] (R. C. Ch.) The consecrated wafer, believed to be the body of Christ, which in the Mass is offered as a sacrifice; also, the bread before consecration. &hand; In the Latin Vulgate the word was applied to the Savior as being an offering for the sins of men.

Host

Host, n. [OE. host, ost, OF. host, ost, fr. L. hostis enemy, LL., army. See Guest, and cf. Host a landlord.]

1. An army; a number of men gathered for war.

A host so great as covered all the field. Dryden.

2. Any great number or multitude; a throng.

And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God. Luke ii. 13.
All at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils. Wordsworth.

Host

Host, n. [OE. host, ost, OF. hoste, oste, F. h\'93te, from L. hospes a stranger who is treated as a guest, he who treats another as his guest, a hostl prob. fr. hostis stranger, enemy (akin to E. guest a visitor) + potis able; akin to Skr. pati master, lord. See Host an army, Possible, and cf. Hospitable, Hotel.] One who receives or entertains another, whether gratuitosly or for compensation; one from whom another receives food, lodging, or entertainment; a landlord. Chaucer. "Fair host and Earl." Tennyson.
Time is like a fashionable host, That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand. Shak.

Host

Host, v. t. To give entertainment to. [Obs.] Spenser.

Host

Host, v. i. To lodge at an inn; to take up entertainment. [Obs.] "Where you shall host." Shak.

Hostage

Hos"tage (?), n. [OE. hostage, OF. hostage, ostage, F. \'93tage, LL. hostaticus, ostaticum, for hospitaticum, fr. L. hospes guest, host. The first meaning is, the state of a guest, hospitality; hence, the state of a hostage (treated as a guest); and both these meanings occur in Old French. See Host a landlord.] A person given as a pledge or security for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or stipulations of any kind, on the performance of which the person is to be released.
Your hostages I have, so have you mine; And we shall talk before we fight. Shak.
He that hath a wife and children hath given hostages to fortune. Bacon.

Hostel

Hos"tel (?), n. [OE. hostel, ostel, OF. hostel, ostel, LL. hospitale, hospitalis, fr. L. hospitalis. See Hospital, and cf. Hotel.]

1. An inn. [Archaic] Poe.

So pass I hostel, hall, and grange. Tennyson.

2. A small, unendowed college in Oxford or Cambridge. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Hosteler

Hos"tel*er (?), n. [See Hostel, and cf. Hostler.]

1. The keeper of a hostel or inn.

2. A student in a hostel, or small unendowed collede in Oxford or Cambridge. [Obs.] Fuller.

Hostelry

Hos"tel*ry (?), n. [OE. hostelrie, hostelrye, ostelrie, OF. hostelerie, fr. hostel. See Hostel.] An inn; a lodging house. [Archaic] Chaucer. "Homely brought up in a rude hostelry." B. Jonson.
Come with me to the hostelry. Longfellow.

Hostess

Host"ess (?), n. [OE. hostesse, ostesse. See Host a landlord.]

1. A female host; a woman who hospitably entertains guests at her house. Shak.

2. A woman who entertains guests for compensation; a female innkeeper. Shak.

Hostess-ship

Host"ess-ship, n. The character, personality, or office of a hostess. Shak.

Hostie

Hos"tie (?), n. [F. See 1st Host.] The consecrated wafer; the host. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

Hostile

Hos"tile (?), a. [L. hostilis, from hostis enemy: cf. F. hostile. See Host an army.] Belonging or appropriate to an enemy; showing the disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence, or a desire to thwart and injure; occupied by an enemy or enemies; inimical; unfriendly; as, a hostile force; hostile intentions; a hostile country; hostile to a sudden change. Syn. -- Warlike; inimical; unfriendly; antagonistic; opposed; adverse; opposite; contrary; repugnant.

Hostile

Hos"tile, n. An enemy; esp., an American Indian in arms against the whites; -- commonly in the plural. [Colloq.] P. H. Sheridan.

Hostilely

Hos"tile*ly, adv. In a hostile manner.

Hostility

Hos*til"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Hostilities (#). [L. hostilitas: cf. F. hostilit\'82.]

1. State of being hostile; public or private enemy; unfriendliness; animosity.

Hostility being thus suspended with France. Hayward.

2. An act of an open enemy; a hostile deed; especially in the plural, acts of warfare; attacks of an enemy.

We have showed ourselves generous adversaries . . . and have carried on even our hostilities with humanity. Atterbury.
He who proceeds to wanton hostility, often provokes an enemy where he might have a friend. Crabb.
Syn. -- Animosity; enmity; opposition; violence; aggression; contention; warfare.

Hostilize

Hos"til*ize (?), v. t. To make hostile; to cause to become an enemy. [Obs.] A. Seward.

Hosting

Host"ing (?), n. [From Host an army.] [Obs.]

1. An encounter; a battle. "Fierce hosting." Milton.

2. A muster or review. Spenser.

Hostler

Hos"tler (?), n. [OE. hosteler, osteler, innkeeper, OF. hostelier, F. h\'93telier. See Hostel, and cf. Hospitaler, Hosteler.]

1. An innkeeper. [Obs.] See Hosteler.

2. The person who has the care of horses at an inn or stable; hence, any one who takes care of horses; a groom; -- so called because the innkeeper formerly attended to this duty in person.

3. (Railroad) The person who takes charge of a locomotive when it is left by the engineer after a trip.

Hostless

Host"less (?), a. Inhospitable. [Obs.] "A hostless house." Spenser.

Hostry

Host"ry (?), n. [OE. hosterie, osterie, OF. hosterie. See Host a landlord.]

1. A hostelry; an inn or lodging house. [Obs.] Marlowe.

2. A stable for horses. [Obs.] Johnson.

Hot

Hot (?), imp. & p. p. of Hote. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hot

Hot (?), a. [Compar. Hotter (?); superl. Hottest (?).] [OE. hot, hat, AS. h\'bet; akin to OS. h\'c7t, D. heet, OHG. heiz, G. heiss, Icel. heitr, Sw. het, Dan. heed, hed; cf. Goth. heit\'d3 fever, hais torch. Cf. Heat.]

1. Having much sensible heat; exciting the feeling of warmth in a great degree; very warm; -- opposed to cold, and exceeding warm in degree; as, a hot stove; hot water or air. "A hotvenison pasty." Shak.

2. Characterized by heat, ardor, or animation; easily excited; firely; vehement; passionate; violent; eager.

Achilles is impatient, hot, and revengeful. Dryden.
There was mouthing in hot haste. Byron.

3. Lustful; lewd; lecherous. Shak.

4. Acrid; biting; pungent; as, hot as mustard. Hot bed (Iron Manuf.), an iron platform in a rolling mill, on which hot bars, rails, etc., are laid to cool. -- Hot wall (Gardening), a wall provided with flues for the conducting of heat, to hasten the growth of fruit trees or the ripening of fruit. -- Hot well (Condensing Engines), a receptacle for the hot water drawn from the condenser by the air pump. This water is returned to the boiler, being drawn from the hot well by the feed pump. -- In hot water (Fig.), in trouble; in difficulties. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Burning; fiery; fervid; glowing; eager; animated; brisk; vehement; precipitate; violent; furious; ardent; fervent; impetuous; irascible; passionate; hasty; excitable.

Hotbed

Hot"bed` (?), n.

1. (Gardening) A bed of earth heated by fermenting manure or other substances, and covered with glass, intended for raising early plants, or for nourishing exotics.

2. A place which favors rapid growth or development; as, a hotbed of sedition.

Hot blast

Hot" blast` (?). See under Blast.

Hot-blooded

Hot"-blood`ed (?), a. Having hot blood; excitable; high-spirited; irritable; ardent; passionate.

Hot-brained

Hot"-brained` (?), a. Ardent in temper; violent; rash; impetuous; as, hot-brained youth. Dryden.

Hotchpot, Hotchpotch

Hotch"pot` (?), Hotch"potch` (?), n. [F. hochepot, fr. hocher to shake + pot pot; both of Dutch or German origin; cf. OD. hutspot hotchpotch, D. hotsen, hutsen, to shake. See Hustle, and Pot, and cf. Hodgepodge.]

1. A mingled mass; a confused mixture; a stew of various ingredients; a hodgepodge.

A mixture or hotchpotch of many tastes. Bacon.

2. (Law) A blending of property for equality of division, as when lands given in frank-marriage to one daughter were, after the death of the ancestor, blended with the lands descending to her and to her sisters from the same ancestor, and then divided in equal portions among all the daughters. In modern usage, a mixing together, or throwing into a common mass or stock, of the estate left by a person deceased and the amounts advanced to any particular child or children, for the purpose of a more equal division, or of equalizing the shares of all the children; the property advanced being accounted for at its value when given. Bouvier. Tomlins. &hand; This term has been applied in cases of salvage. Story. It corresponds in a measure with collation in the civil and Scotch law. See Collation. Bouvier. Tomlins.

Hotcockles

Hot"coc`kles (?), n. [Hot + cockle, cockle being perh. corrupt. fr. knuckle. Cf. F. main chaude (lit., hot hand) hotcockles.] A childish play, in which one covers his eyes, and guesses who strikes him or his hand placed behind him.

Hote

Hote (?), v. t. & i. [pres. & imp. Hatte (?), Hot (, etc.; p. p. Hote, Hoten (, Hot, etc. See Hight, Hete.]

1. To command; to enjoin. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. To promise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. To be called; to be named. [Obs.]

There as I was wont to hote Arcite, Now hight I Philostrate, not worth a mite. Chaucer.

Hotel

Ho*tel" (?), n. [F. h\'93tel, OF. hostel. See Hostel.]

1. A house for entertaining strangers or travelers; an inn or public house, of the better class.

2. In France, the mansion or town residence of a person of rank or wealth.

H\'93tel-de-ville

H\'93tel`-de-ville" (?), n. [F.] A city hall or townhouse.

H\'93tel-Dieu

H\'93tel`-Dieu" (?), n. [F.] A hospital.

Hoten

Hot"en (?), p. p. of Hote.

Hotfoot

Hot"foot` (?), adv. In haste; foothot. [Colloq.]

Hot-head

Hot"-head` (?), n. A violent, passionate person; a hasty or impetuous person; as, the rant of a hot-head.

Hot-headed

Hot"-head`ed, a. Fiery; violent; rash; hasty; impetuous; vehement. Macaulay.

Hothouse

Hot"house` (?), n.

1. A house kept warm to shelter tender plants and shrubs from the cold air; a place in which the plants of warmer climates may be reared, and fruits ripened.

2. A bagnio, or bathing house. [Obs.] Shak.

3. A brothel; a bagnio. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

4. (Pottery) A heated room for drying green ware.


Page 709

Hot-livered

Hot"-liv`ered (?), a. Of an excitable or irritable temperament; irascible. Milton.

Hotly

Hot"ly, adv. [From Hot, a.]

1. In a hot or fiery manner; ardently; vehemently; violently; hastily; as, a hotly pursued.

2. In a lustful manner; lustfully. Dryden.

Hot-mouthed

Hot"-mouthed` (?), a. Headstrong.
That hot-mouthed beast that bears against the curb. Dryden.

Hotness

Hot"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being hot.

2. Heat or excitement of mind or manner; violence; vehemence; impetuousity; ardor; fury. M. Arnold.

Hotpress

Hot"press` (?), v. t. To apply to, in conjunction with mechanical pressure, for the purpose of giving a smooth and glosay surface, or to express oil, etc.; as, to hotpress paper, linen, etc.

Hotpressed

Hot"pressed` (?), a. Pressed while heat is applied. See Hotpress, v. t.

Hot-short

Hot"-short` (?), a. (Metal.) More or less brittle when heated; as, hot-short iron.

Hot-spirited

Hot"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Having a fierly spirit; hot-headed.

Hotspur

Hot"spur` (?), n. [Hot + spur.] A rash, hot-headed man. Holinshed.

Hotspur, Hotspurred

Hot"spur`, Hot"spurred` (?), a. Violent; impetuous; headstrong. Spenser. Peacham.

Hottentot

Hot"ten*tot (?), n. [D. Hottentot; -- so called from hot and tot, two syllables of frequent occurrence in their language. Wedgwood.]

1. (Ethnol.) One of a degraded<-- "pastoral", in MW10 --> and savage race of South Africa, with yellowish brown complexion, high cheek bones, and wooly hair growing in tufts.<-- = The tribes speaking Khoisan; Bushman(? any difference?) -->

2. The language of the Hottentots, which is remarkable for its clicking sounds.<-- = Khoisan --> Hottentot cherry (Bot.), a South African plant of the genus Cassine (C. maurocenia), having handsome foliage, with generally inconspicuous white or green flowers. Loudon. -- Hottentot's bread. (Bot.) See Elephant's foot (a), under Elephant.

Hottentotism

Hot"ten*tot*ism (?), n. A term employed to describe one of the varieties of stammering. Tylor.

Houdah

Hou"dah (?), n. See Howdah.

Hough

Hough (?), n. Same as Hock, a joint.

Hough

Hough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Houghed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Houghing.] Same as Hock, to hamstring.

Hough

Hough, n. [Cf. D. hak. Cf. Hack.] An adz; a hoe. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet.

Hough

Hough, v. t. To cut with a hoe. [Obs.] Johnson.

Houlet

Hou"let (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An owl. See Howlet.

Hoult

Hoult (?), n. A piece of woodland; a small wood. [Obs.] See Holt.

Hound

Hound (?), n. [OE. hound, hund, dog, AS. hund; akin to OS. & OFries. hund, D. hond, G. hund, OHG. hunt, Icel. hundr, Dan. & Sw. hund, Goth. hunds, and prob. to Lith. sz, Ir. & Gael. cu, L. canis, Gr. \'87van. &root;229. Cf. Canine, Cynic, Kennel.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the domestic dog, usually having large, drooping ears, esp. one which hunts game by scent, as the foxhound, bloodhound, deerhound, but also used for various breeds of fleet hunting dogs, as the greyhound, boarhound, etc.

Hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs. Shak.

2. A despicable person. "Boy! false hound!" Shak.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A houndfish.

4. pl. (Naut.) Projections at the masthead, serving as a support for the trestletrees and top to rest on.

5. A side bar used to strengthen portions of the running gear of a vehicle. To follow the hounds, to hunt with hounds.

Hound

Hound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Hounding.]

1. To set on the chase; to incite to pursuit; as, to hounda dog at a hare; to hound on pursuers. Abp. Bramhall.

2. To hunt or chase with hounds, or as with hounds. L'Estrange.

Houndfish

Hound"fish (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any small shark of the genus Galeus or Mustelus, of which there are several species, as the smooth houndfish (G. canis), of Europe and America; -- called also houndshark, and dogfish. &hand; The European nursehound, or small-spotted dogfish, is Scyllium canicula; the rough houndfish, or large-spotted dogfish, is S. catulus. The name has also sometimes been applied to the bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), and to the silver gar.

Hounding

Hound"ing, n.

1. The act of one who hounds.

2. (Naut.) The part of a mast below the hounds and above the deck.

Hound's-tongue

Hound's"-tongue` (?), n. [AS. hundes tunge.] (Bot.) A biennial weed (Cynoglossum officinale), with soft tongue-shaped leaves, and an offensive odor. It bears nutlets covered with barbed or hooked prickles. Called also dog's-tongue.

Houp

Houp (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Hoopoe. [Obs.]

Hour

Hour (?), n. [OE. hour, our, hore, ure, OF. hore, ore, ure, F. heure, L. hora, fr. Gr. Year, and cf. Horologe, Horoscope.]

1. The twenty-fourth part of a day; sixty minutes.

2. The time of the day, as expressed in hours and minutes, and indicated by a timepiece; as, what is the hour? At what hour shall we meet?

3. Fixed or appointed time; conjuncture; a particular time or occasion; as, the hour of greatest peril; the man for the hour.

Woman, . . . mine hour is not yet come. John ii. 4.
This is your hour, and the power of darkness. Luke xxii. 53.

4. pl. (R. C. Ch.) Certain prayers to be repeated at stated times of the day, as matins and vespers.

5. A measure of distance traveled.

Vilvoorden, three hours from Brussels. J. P. Peters.
After hours, after the time appointed for one's regular labor. -- Canonical hours. See under Canonical. -- Hour angle (Astron.), the angle between the hour circle passing through a given body, and the meridian of a place. -- Hour circle. (Astron.) (a) Any circle of the sphere passing through the two poles of the equator; esp., one of the circles drawn on an artificial globe through the poles, and dividing the equator into spaces of 15°, or one hour, each. (b) A circle upon an equatorial telescope lying parallel to the plane of the earth's equator, and graduated in hours and subdivisions of hours of right ascension. (c) A small brass circle attached to the north pole of an artificial globe, and divided into twenty-four parts or hours. It is used to mark differences of time in working problems on the globe. -- Hour hand, the hand or index which shows the hour on a timepiece. -- Hour line. (a) (Astron.) A line indicating the hour. (b) (Dialing) A line on which the shadow falls at a given hour; the intersection of an hour circle which the face of the dial. -- Hour plate, the plate of a timepiece on which the hours are marked; the dial. Locke. -- Sidereal hour, the twenty-fourth part of a sidereal day. -- Solar hour, the twenty-fourth part of a solar day. -- The small hours, the early hours of the morning, as one o'clock, two o'clock, etc.<-- also "wee hours" --> -- To keep good hours, to be regular in going to bed early.

Hourglass

Hour"glass` (?), n. An instrument for measuring time, especially the interval of an hour. It consists of a glass vessel having two compartments, from the uppermost of which a quantity of sand, water, or mercury occupies an hour in running through a small aperture unto the lower. &hand; A similar instrument measuring any other interval of time takes its name from the interval measured; as, a half-hour glass, a half-minute glass. A three-minute glass is sometimes called an egg-glass, from being used to time the boiling of eggs.<-- also = egg timer -->

Houri

Hou"ri (?), n.; pl. Houris (#). [Per. h&umac;r\'c6, h&umac;r\'be, h&umac;r; akin to Ar. h&umac;r, pl. of ahwar beautiful-eyed, black-eyed.] A nymph of paradise; -- so called by the Mohammedans.

Hourly

Hour"ly (?), a. Happening or done every hour; occurring hour by hour; frequent; often repeated; renewed hour by hour; continual.
In hourly expectation of a martyrdom. Sharp.

Hourly

Hour"ly, adv. Every hour; frequently; continually.
Great was their strife, which hourly was renewed. Dryden.

Hours

Hours (?), n. pl. [A translation of L. Horae (Gr. Hour.] (Myth.) Goddess of the seasons, or of the hours of the day.
Lo! where the rosy-blosomed Hours, Fair Venus' train, appear. Gray.

Housage

Hous"age (?), n. [From House.] A fee for keeping goods in a house. [R.] Chambers.

House

House (?), n.; pl. Houses (#). [OE. hous, hus, AS. h; akin to OS. & OFries. h, D. huis, OHG. h, G. haus, Icel. h, Sw. hus, Dan. huus, Goth. gudh, house of God, temple; and prob. to E. hide to conceal. See Hide, and cf. Hoard, Husband, Hussy, Husting.]

1. A structure intended or used as a habitation or shelter for animals of any kind; but especially, a building or edifice for the habitation of man; a dwelling place, a mansion.

Houses are built to live in; not to look on. Bacon.
Bees with smoke and doves with noisome stench Are from their hives and houses driven away. Shak.

2. Household affairs; domestic concerns; particularly in the phrase to keep house. See below.

3. Those who dwell in the same house; a household.

One that feared God with all his house. Acts x. 2.

4. A family of ancestors, descendants, and kindred; a race of persons from the same stock; a tribe; especially, a noble family or an illustrious race; as, the house of Austria; the house of Hanover; the house of Israel.

The last remaining pillar of their house, The one transmitter of their ancient name. Tennyson.

5. One of the estates of a kingdom or other government assembled in parliament or legislature; a body of men united in a legislative capacity; as, the House of Lords; the House of Commons; the House of Representatives; also, a quorum of such a body. See Congress, and Parliament.

6. (Com.) A firm, or commercial establishment.

7. A public house; an inn; a hotel.

8. (Astrol.) A twelfth part of the heavens, as divided by six circles intersecting at the north and south points of the horizon, used by astrologers in noting the positions of the heavenly bodies, and casting horoscopes or nativities. The houses were regarded as fixed in respect to the horizon, and numbered from the one at the eastern horizon, called the ascendant, first house, or house of life, downward, or in the direction of the earth's revolution, the stars and planets passing through them in the reverse order every twenty-four hours.

9. A square on a chessboard, regarded as the proper place of a piece.

10. An audience; an assembly of hearers, as at a lecture, a theater, etc.; as, a thin or a full house.

11. The body, as the habitation of the soul.

This mortal house I'll ruin, Do C\'91sar what he can. Shak.

12. [With an adj., as narrow, dark, etc.] The grave. "The narrow house." Bryant. &hand; House is much used adjectively and as the first element of compounds. The sense is usually obvious; as, house cricket, housemaid, house painter, housework. House ant (Zo\'94l.), a very small, yellowish brown ant (Myrmica molesta), which often infests houses, and sometimes becomes a great pest. -- House of bishops (Prot. Epis. Ch.), one of the two bodies composing a general convertion, the other being House of Clerical and Lay Deputies. -- House boat, a covered boat used as a dwelling. -- House of call, a place, usually a public house, where journeymen connected with a particular trade assemble when out of work, ready for the call of employers. [Eng.]<-- modern name? --> Simonds. -- House car (Railroad), a freight car with inclosing sides and a roof; a box car. -- House of correction. See Correction. -- House cricket (Zo\'94l.), a European cricket (Gryllus domesticus), which frequently lives in houses, between the bricks of chimneys and fireplaces. It is noted for the loud chirping or stridulation of the males. -- House dog, a dog kept in or about a dwelling house. -- House finch (Zo\'94l.), the burion. -- House flag, a flag denoting the commercial house to which a merchant vessel belongs. -- House fly (Zo\'94l.), a common fly (esp. Musca domestica), which infests houses both in Europe and America. Its larva is a maggot which lives in decaying substances or excrement, about sink drains, etc. -- House of God, a temple or church. -- House of ill fame. See Ill fame under Ill, a. -- House martin (Zo\'94l.), a common European swallow (Hirundo urbica). It has feathered feet, and builds its nests of mud against the walls of buildings. Called also house swallow, and window martin. -- House mouse (Zo\'94l.), the common mouse (Mus musculus). -- House physician, the resident medical adviser of a hospital or other public institution. -- House snake (Zo\'94l.), the milk snake. -- House sparrow (Zo\'94l.), the common European sparrow (Passer domesticus). It has recently been introduced into America, where it has become very abundant, esp. in cities. Called also thatch sparrow. -- House spider (Zo\'94l.), any spider which habitually lives in houses. Among the most common species are Theridium tepidariorum and Tegenaria domestica. -- House surgeon, the resident surgeon of a hospital. -- House wren (Zo\'94l.), the common wren of the Eastern United States (Troglodytes a\'89don). It is common about houses and in gardens, and is noted for its vivacity, and loud musical notes. See Wren. -- Religious house, a monastery or convent. -- The White House, the official residence of the President of the United States; -- hence, colloquially, the office of President.<-- also, a parliament building in Moscow --> -- To bring down the house. See under Bring. -- To keep house, to maintain an independent domestic establishment. -- To keep open house, to entertain friends at all times. Syn. -- Dwelling; residence; abode. See Tenement.

House

House (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Housed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Housing.] [AS. h.]

1. To take or put into a house; to shelter under a roof; to cover from the inclemencies of the weather; to protect by covering; as, to house one's family in a comfortable home; to house farming utensils; to house cattle.

At length have housed me in a humble shed. Young.
House your choicest carnations, or rather set them under a penthouse. Evelyn.

2. To drive to a shelter. Shak.

3. To admit to residence; to harbor.

Palladius wished him to house all the Helots. Sir P. Sidney.

4. To deposit and cover, as in the grave. Sandys.

5. (Naut.) To stow in a safe place; to take down and make safe; as, to house the upper spars.

House

House, v. i.

1. To take shelter or lodging; to abide to dwell; to lodge.

You shall not house with me. Shak.

2. (Astrol.) To have a position in one of the houses. See House, n.,

8. "Where Saturn houses." Dryden.

Housebote

House"bote` (?), n. [House + bote.] (Law) Wood allowed to a tenant for repairing the house and for fuel. This latter is often called firebote. See Bote.

Housebreaker

House"break`er (?), n. One who is guilty of the crime of housebreaking.

Housebreaking

House"break`ing, n. The act of breaking open and entering, with a felonious purpose, the dwelling house of another, whether done by day or night. See Burglary, and To break a house, under Break.

Housebuilder

House"build`er (?), n. One whose business is to build houses; a housewright.

Housecarl

House"carl` (?), n. [OE. huscarle. See House, and Carl.] (Eng. Arch\'91ol.) A household servant; also, one of the bodyguard of King Canute.

Household

House"hold` (?), n.

1. Those who dwell under the same roof and compose a family.

And calls, without affecting airs, His household twice a day to prayers. Swift.

2. A line of ancestory; a race or house. [Obs.] Shak.

Household

House"hold`, a. Belonging to the house and family; domestic; as, household furniture; household affairs. Household bread, bread made in the house for common use; hence, bread that is not of the finest quality. [Obs.] -- Household gods (Rom. Antiq.), the gods presiding over the house and family; the Lares and Penates; hence, all objects endeared by association with home. -- Household troops, troops appointed to attend and guard the sovereign or his residence.

Householder

House"hold`er (?), n. The master or head of a family; one who occupies a house with his family.
Towns in which almost every householder was an English Protestant. Macaulay.
Compound householder. See Compound, a.
Page 710

Housekeeper

House"keep`er (?), n.

1. One who occupies a house with his family; a householder; the master or mistress of a family. Locke.

2. One who does, or oversees, the work of keeping house; as, his wife is a good housekeeper; often, a woman hired to superintend the servants of a household and manage the ordinary domestic affairs.

3. One who exercises hospitality, or has plentiful and hospitable household. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

4. One who keeps or stays much at home. [R.]

You are manifest housekeeper. Shak.

5. A house dog. [Obs.] Shak.

Housekeeping

House"keep`ing, n.

1. The state of being occupying a dwelling house as a householder.

2. Care of domestic concerns; management of a house and home affairs.

3. Hospitality; a liberal and hospitable table; a supply of provisions. [Obs.]

Tell me, softly and hastly, what's in the pantry? Small housekeeping enough, said Ph\'d2be. Sir W. Scott.

Housekeeping

House"keep`ing, a. Domestic; used in a family; as, housekeeping commodities.

Housel

Hou"sel (?), n. [OE. housel, husel, AS. h; akin to Icel. h, Goth. hunsl a sacrifice.] The eucharist. [Archaic] Rom. of R. Tennyson.

Housel

Hou"sel, v. t. [AS. h.] To administer the eucharist to. [Archaic] Chaucer.

Houseleek

House"leek` (?), n. [House + leek.] (Bot.) A succulent plant of the genus Sempervivum (S. tectorum), originally a native of subalpine Europe, but now found very generally on old walls and roofs. It is very tenacious of life under drought and heat; -- called also ayegreen.

Houseless

House"less, a. Destitute of the shelter of a house; shelterless; homeless; as, a houseless wanderer.

Houselessness

House"less*ness, n. The state of being houseless.

Houseline

House"line` (?), n. (Naut.) A small line of three strands used for seizing; -- called also housing. Totten.

Houseling

House"ling` (?), a. Same as Housling.

Housemaid

House"maid` (?), n. A female servant employed to do housework, esp. to take care of the rooms. Housemaid's knee (Med.), a swelling over the knee, due to an enlargement of the bursa in the front of the kneepan; -- so called because frequently occurring in servant girls who work upon their knees.

Housemate

House"mate` (?), n. One who dwells in the same house with another. R. Browning.

Houseroom

House"room` (?), n. Room or place in a house; as, to give any one houseroom.

Housewarming

House"warm`ing (?), n. A feast or merry-making made by or for a family or business firm on taking possession of a new house or premises. Johnson.

Housewife

House"wife` (?), n. [House + wife. Cf. Hussy.]

1. The wife of a householder; the mistress of a family; the female head of a household. Shak.

He a good husband, a good housewife she. Dryden.

2. (Usually pronounced [See Hussy, in this sense.] A little case or bag for materials used in sewing, and for other articles of female work; -- called also hussy. [Written also huswife.] P. Skelton.

3. A hussy. [R.] [Usually written huswife.] Shak. Sailor's housewife, a ditty-bag.

Housewife, Housewive

House"wife` (?), House"wive` (?), v. t. To manage with skill and economy, as a housewife or other female manager; to economize.
Conferred those moneys on the nuns, which since they have well housewived. Fuller.

Housewifely

House"wife`ly (?), a. Pertaining or appropriate to a housewife; domestic; economical; prudent.
A good sort of woman, ladylike and housewifely. Sir W. Scott.

Housewifery

House"wif`er*y (?), n. The business of the mistress of a family; female management of domestic concerns.

Housework

House"work` (?), n. The work belonging to housekeeping; especially, kitchen work, sweeping, scrubbing, bed making, and the like.

Housewright

House"wright` (?), n. A builder of houses.

Housing

Hous"ing (?), n. [From House. In some of its senses this word has been confused with the following word.]

1. The act of putting or receiving under shelter; the state of dwelling in a habitation.

2. That which shelters or covers; houses, taken collectively. Fabyan.

3. (Arch.) (a) The space taken out of one solid, to admit the insertion of part of another, as the end of one timber in the side of another. (b) A niche for a statue.

4. (Mach.) A frame or support for holding something in place, as journal boxes, etc.

5. (Naut.) (a) That portion of a mast or bowsprit which is beneath the deck or within the vessel. (b) A covering or protection, as an awning over the deck of a ship when laid up. (c) A houseline. See Houseline.

Housing

Hous"ing, n. [From Houss.]

1. A cover or cloth for a horse's saddle, as an ornamental or military appendage; a saddlecloth; a horse cloth; in plural, trappings.

2. An appendage to the hames or collar of a harness.

Housling

Hous"ling (?), a. [See Housel.] Sacramental; as, housling fire. [R.] Spenser.

Houss

Houss (?), n. [F. housse, LL. hulcia, fr. OHG. hulst; akin to E. holster. See Holster, and cf. 2d Housing.] A saddlecloth; a housing. [Obs.] Dryden.

Houtou

Hou"tou (?), n. [From its note.] (Zo\'94l.) A beautiful South American motmot. Waterton.

Houve

Houve (?), n. [AS. h&umac;fe.] A head covering of various kinds; a hood; a coif; a cap. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Houyhnhnm

Hou*yhnhnm" (?), n. One of the race of horses described by Swift in his imaginary travels of Lemuel Gulliver. The Houyhnhnms were endowed with reason and noble qualities; subject to them were Yahoos, a race of brutes having the form and all the worst vices of men.

Hove

Hove (?), imp. & p. p. of Heave. Hove short, Hove to. See To heave a cable short, To heave a ship to, etc., under Heave.

Hove

Hove, v. i. & t. To rise; to swell; to heave; to cause to swell. [Obs. or Scot.] Holland. Burns.

Hove

Hove, v. i. [OE. hoven. See Hover.] To hover around; to loiter; to lurk. [Obs.] Gower.

Hovel

Hov"el (?), n. [OE. hovel, hovil, prob. a dim. fr. AS. hof house; akin to D. & G. hof court, yard, Icel. hof temple; cf. Prov. E. hove to take shelter, heuf shelter, home.]

1. An open shed for sheltering cattle, or protecting produce, etc., from the weather. Brande & C.

2. A poor cottage; a small, mean house; a hut.

3. (Porcelain Manuf.) A large conical brick structure around which the firing kilns are grouped. Knight.

Hovel

Hov"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoveled (?) or Hovelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoveling or Hovelling.] To put in a hovel; to shelter.
To hovel thee with swine, and rogues forlon. Shak.
The poor are hoveled and hustled together. Tennyson.

Hoveler

Hov"el*er (?), n. One who assists in saving life and property from a wreck; a coast boatman. [Written also hoveller.] [Prov. Eng.] G. P. R. James.

Hoveling

Hov"el*ing, n. A method of securing a good draught in chimneys by covering the top, leaving openings in the sides, or by carrying up two of the sides higher than the other two. [Written also hovelling.]

Hoven

Ho"ven (?), obs. ∨ archaic p. p. of Heave.

Hoven

Ho"ven (?), a. Affected with the disease called hoove; as, hoven cattle.

Hover

Hov"er (?), n. [Etymol. doubtful.] A cover; a shelter; a protection. [Archaic] Carew. C. Kingsley.

Hover

Hov"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hovered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hovering.] [OE. hoveren, and hoven, prob. orig., to abide, linger, and fr. AS. hof house; cf. OFries. hovia to receive into one's house. See Hovel.]

1. To hang fluttering in the air, or on the wing; to remain in flight or floating about or over a place or object; to be suspended in the air above something.

Great flights of birds are hovering about the bridge, and settling on it. Addison.
A hovering mist came swimming o'er his sight. Dryden.

2. To hang about; to move to and fro near a place, threateningly, watchfully, or irresolutely.

Agricola having sent his navy to hover on the coast. Milton.
Hovering o'er the paper with her quill. Shak.

Hoverer

Hov"er*er (?), n. A device in an incubator for protecting the young chickens and keeping them warm.

Hover-hawk

Hov"er-hawk` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The kestrel.

Hoveringly

Hov"er*ing*ly, adv. In a hovering manner.

How

How (?), adv. [OE. how, hou, hu, hwu, AS. h, from the same root as hw\'be, hw\'91t, who, what, pron. interrog.; akin to OS. hw\'d3w, D. hoe, cf. G. wie how, Goth. hw\'c7 wherewith, hwaiwa how. &root;182. See Who, and cf. Why.]

1. In what manner or way; by what means or process.

How can a man be born when he is old? John iii. 4.

2. To what degree or extent, number or amount; in what proportion; by what measure or quality.

O, how love I thy law! it is my meditation all the day. Ps. cxix. 97.
By how much they would diminish the present extent of the sea, so much they would impair the fertility, and fountains, and rivers of the earth. Bentley.

3. For what reason; from what cause.

How now, my love! why is your cheek so pale? Shak.

4. In what state, condition, or plight.

How, and with what reproach, shall I return? Dryden.

5. By what name, designation, or title.

How art thou called? Shak.

6. At what price; how dear. [Obs.]

How a score of ewes now? Shak.
&hand; How is used in each sense, interrogatively, interjectionally, and relatively; it is also often employed to emphasize an interrogation or exclamation. "How are the mighty fallen!" 2 Sam. i. 27. Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun; -- as, the how, the when, the wherefore. Shelley.
Let me beg you -- don't say "How?" for "What?" Holmes.

Howadji

How*adj"i (?), n. [Ar.]

1. A traveler.

2. A merchant; -- so called in the East because merchants were formerly the chief travelers.

Howbeit

How*be"it (?), conj. [How + be + it.] Be it as it may; nevertheless; notwithstanding; although; albeit; yet; but; however.
The Moor -- howbeit that I endure him not - Is of a constant, loving, noble nature. Shak.

Howdah

How"dah (?), n. [Ar. hawdaj.] A seat or pavilion, generally covered, fastened on the back of an elephant, for the rider or riders. [Written also houdah.]

Howdy

How"dy (?), n. [Scot., also houdy- wife. Of uncertain origin; cf. OSw. jordgumma; or perh. fr. E. how d'ye.] A midwife. [Prov. Eng.]

Howel

How"el (?), n. A tool used by coopers for smoothing and chamfering rheir work, especially the inside of casks.

Howel

How"el, v. t. To smooth; to plane; as, to howel a cask.

Howell

How"ell, n. The upper stage of a porcelian furnace.

However

How*ev"er (?), adv. [Sometimes contracted into howe'er.]

1. In whetever manner, way, or degree.

However yet they me despise and spite. Spenser.
Howe'er the business goes, you have made fault. Shak.

2. At all events; at least; in any case.

Our chief end is to be freed from all, if it may be, however from the greatest evils. Tillotson.

However

How*ev"er, conj. Nevertheless; notwithstanding; yet; still; though; as, I shall not oppose your design; I can not, however, approve of it.
In your excuse your love does little say; You might howe'er have took a better way. Dryden.
Syn. -- However, At least, Nevertheless, Yet. These words, as here compared, have an adversative sense in reference to something referred to in the context. However is the most general, and leads to a final conclusion or decision. Thus we say, the truth, however, has not yet fully come out; i.e., such is the speaker's conclusion in view of the whole case. So also we say, however, you may rely on my assistance to that amount; i. e., at all events, whatever may happen, this is my final decision. At least is adversative in another way. It points out the utmost concession that can possibly be required, and still marks the adversative conclusion; as, at least, this must be done; whatever may be our love of peace, we must at least maintain the rights of conscience. Nevertheless denotes that though the concession be fully made, it has no bearing of the question; as, nevertheless, we must go forward. Yet signifies that however extreme the supposition or fact comceded may be, the consequence which might naturally be expected does not and will not follow; as, though I should die with thee, yet will I not deny thee; though he slay me, yet will I trust in him. Cf. But.

Howitz

How"itz (?), n. A howitzer. [Obs.]

Howitzer

How"itz*er (?), n. [G. haubitze, formerly hauffnitz, Bohem. haufnice, orig., a sling.] (Mil.) (a) A gun so short that the projectile, which was hollow, could be put in its place by hand; a kind of mortar. [Obs.] (b) A short, light, largebore cannon, usually having a chamber of smaller diameter than the rest of the bore, and intended to throw large projectiles with comparatively small charges.

Howker

How"ker (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Hooker.

Howl

Howl (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Howled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Howling.] [OE. houlen, hulen; akin to D. huilen, MHG. hiulen, hiuweln, OHG. hiuwil\'d3n to exult, h owl, Dan. hyle to howl.]

1. To utter a loud, protraced, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and wolves often do.

And dogs in corners set them down to howl. Drayton.
Methought a legion of foul fiends Environ'd me about, and howled in my ears. Shak.

2. To utter a sound expressive of distress; to cry aloud and mournfully; to lament; to wail.

Howl ye, for the day of the Lord is at hand. Is. xiii. 6.

3. To make a noise resembling the cry of a wild beast.

Wild howled the wind. Sir W. Scott.
Howling monkey. (Zo\'94l.) See Howler, 2. -- Howling wilderness, a wild, desolate place inhabited only by wild beasts. Deut. xxxii. 10.

Howl

Howl, v. t. To utter with outcry. "Go . . . howl it out in deserts." Philips.

Howl

Howl, n.

1. The protracted, mournful cry of a dog or a wolf, or other like sound.

2. A prolonged cry of distress or anguish; a wail.

Howler

Howl"er (?), n.

1. One who howls.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any South American monkey of the genus Mycetes. Many species are known. They are arboreal in their habits, and are noted for the loud, discordant howling in which they indulge at night.

Howlet

Howl"et (?), n. [Equiv. to owlet, influenced by howl: cf. F. hulotte, OHG. h, hiuwela.] (Zo\'94l.) An owl; an owlet. [Written also houlet.] R. Browning.

Howp

Howp (?), v. i. To cry out; to whoop. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Howso

How"so (?), adv. Howsoever. [Obs.]

Howsoever

How`so*ev"er (?), adj. & conj. [How + so + ever.]

1. In what manner soever; to whatever degree or extent; however.

I am glad he's come, howsoever he comes. Shak.

2. Although; though; however. [Obs.] Shak.

Howve

Howve (?), n. A hood. See Houve. [Obs.]

Hox

Hox (?), v. t. [See Hock. &root;??.] To hock; to hamstring. See Hock. [Obs.] Shak.

Hoy

Hoy (?), n. [D. heu, or Flem. hui.] (Naut.) A small coaster vessel, usually sloop-rigged, used in conveying passengers and goods from place to place, or as a tender to larger vessels in port.
The hoy went to London every week. Cowper.

Hoy

Hoy, interj. [D. hui. Cf. Ahoy.] Ho! Halloe! Stop!

Hoyden

Hoy"den (?), n. Same as Hoiden.

Hoyman

Hoy"man (?), n.; pl. Hoymen (. One who navigates a hoy.
A common hoyman to carry goods by water for hire. Hobart.

Huanaco

Hua*na"co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Guanaco.

Hub

Hub (?), n. [See 1st Hob.]

1. The central part, usually cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave. See Illust. of Axle box.

2. The hilt of a weapon. Halliwell.

3. A rough protuberance or projecting obstruction; as, a hub in the road. [U.S.] See Hubby.

4. A goal or mark at which quoits, etc., are cast.

5. (Diesinking) A hardened, engraved steel punch for impressing a device upon a die, used in coining, etc.

6. A screw hob. See Hob,

3.

7. A block for scotching a wheel. Hub plank (Highway Bridges), a horizontal guard plank along a truss at the height of a wagon-wheel hub. -- Up to the hub, as far as possible in embarrassment or difficulty, or in business, like a wheel sunk in mire; deeply involved. [Colloq.]

Hubble-bubble

Hub"ble-bub`ble (?), n. A tobacco pipe, so arranged that the smoke passes through water, making a bubbling noise, whence its name. In India, the bulb containing the water is often a cocoanut shell.<-- = water pipe; hookah -->
Page 711

Hubbub

Hub"bub (?), n. [Cf. Whoobub, Whoop, Hoop, v. i.] A loud noise of many confused voices; a tumult; uproar. Milton.
This hubbub of unmeaning words. Macaulay.

Hubby

Hub"by (?), a. Full of hubs or protuberances; as, a road that has been frozen while muddy is hubby. [U.S.]

H\'81bner

H\'81b"ner (?), n. [After H\'81bner, who analyzed it.] (Min.) A mineral of brownish black color, occurring in columnar or foliated masses. It is native manganese tungstate.

Huch, Huchen

Huch (?), Hu"chen (?), n. [G.] (Zo\'94l.) A large salmon (Salmo, ∨ Salvelinus, hucho) inhabiting the Danube; -- called also huso, and bull trout.

Huck

Huck (?), v. i. [See Hawk to offer for sale, Huckster.] To higgle in trading. [Obs.] Holland.

Huckaback

Huck"a*back (?), n. [Perh. orig., peddler's wares; cf. LG. hukkebak pickback. Cf. Huckster.] A kind of linen cloth with raised figures, used for towelings.

Huckle

Huc"kle (?), n. [Perh. dim. of Prov. E. hucka hook, and so named from its round shape. See Hook.]

1. The hip; the haunch.

2. A bunch or part projecting like the hip. Huckle bone. (a) The hip bone; the innominate bone. (b) A small bone of the ankle; astragalus. [R.] Udall.

Huckle-backed

Huc"kle-backed` (?), a. Round-shoulded.

Huckleberry

Huc"kle*ber`ry (?), n. [Cf. Whortleberry.] (Bot.) (a) The edible black or dark blue fruit of several species of the American genus Gaylussacia, shrubs nearly related to the blueberries (Vaccinium), and formerly confused with them. The commonest huckelberry comes from G. resinosa. (b) The shrub that bears the berries. Called also whortleberry. Squaw huckleberry. See Deeberry.

Huckster

Huck"ster (?), n. [OE. hukstere, hukster, OD. heukster, D. heuker; akin to D. huiken to stoop, bend, OD. huycken, huken, G. hocken, to squat, Icel. h; -- the peddler being named from his stooping under the load on his back. Cf. Hawk to offer for sale.]

1. A retailer of small articles, of provisions, and the like; a peddler; a hawker. Swift.

2. A mean, trickish fellow. Bp. Hall.

Huckster

Huck"ster, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huckstered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huckstering.] To deal in small articles, or in petty bargains. Swift.

Hucksterage

Huck"ster*age (?), n. The business of a huckster; small dealing; peddling.
Ignoble huckster age of piddling tithes. Milton.

Hucksterer

Huck"ster*er (?), n. A huckster. Gladstone.
Those hucksterers or money-jobbers. Swift.

Huckstress

Huck"stress (?), n. A female huckster.

Hud

Hud (?), n. [Cf. Hood a covering.] A huck or hull, as of a nut. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Huddle

Hud"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huddling (?).] [Cf. OE. hoderen, hodren, to cover, keep, warm; perh. akin to OE. huden, hiden, to hide, E. hide, and orig. meaning, to get together for protection in a safe place. Cf. Hide to conceal.] To press together promiscuously, from confusion, apprehension, or the like; to crowd together confusedly; to press or hurry in disorder; to crowd.
The cattle huddled on the lea. Tennyson.
Huddling together on the public square . . . like a herd of panic-struck deer. Prescott.

Huddle

Hud"dle, v. t.

1. To crowd (things) together to mingle confusedly; to assemble without order or system.

Our adversary, huddling several suppositions together, . . . makes a medley and confusion. Locke.

2. To do, make, or put, in haste or roughly; hence, to do imperfectly; -- usually with a following preposition or adverb; as, to huddle on; to huddle up; to huddle together. "Huddle up a peace." J. H. Newman.

Let him forescat his work with timely care, Which else is huddled when the skies are fair. Dryden.
Now, in all haste, they huddle on Their hoods, their cloaks, and get them gone. Swift.

Huddle

Hud"dle, n. A crowd; a number of persons or things crowded together in a confused manner; tumult; confusion. "A huddle of ideas." Addison.

Huddler

Hud"dler (?), n. One who huddles things together.

Hudge

Hudge (?), n. (Mining) An iron bucket for hoisting coal or ore. Raymond.

Hudibrastic

Hu`di*bras"tic (?), a. Similar to, or in the style of, the poem "Hudibras," by Samuel Butler; in the style of doggerel verse. Macaulay.

Hudsonian

Hud*so"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hudson's Bay or to the Hudson River; as, the Hudsonian curlew.

Hue

Hue (?), n. [OE. hew, heow, color, shape, form, AS. hiw, heow; akin to Sw. hy skin, complexion, Goth. hiwi form, appearance.]

1. Color or shade of color; tint; dye. "Flowers of all hue." Milton.

Hues of the rich unfolding morn. Keble.

2. (Painting) A predominant shade in a composition of primary colors; a primary color modified by combination with others.

Hue

Hue, n. [OE. hue, huer, to hoot, shout, prob. fr. OF. hu an exclamation.] A shouting or vociferation. Hue and cry (Law), a loud outcry with which felons were anciently pursued, and which all who heard it were obliged to take up, joining in the pursuit till the malefactor was taken; in later usage, a written proclamation issued on the escape of a felon from prison, requiring all persons to aid in retaking him. Burrill.

Hued

Hued (?), a. Having color; -- usually in composition; as, bright-hued; many-hued. Chaucer.

Hueless

Hue"less (?), a. [AS. hiwle\'a0s. See Hue color.] Destitute of color. Hudibras.

Huer

Hu"er (?), n. One who cries out or gives an alarm; specifically, a balker; a conder. See Balker.

Huff

Huff (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Huffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huffing.] [Cf. OE. hoove to puff up, blow; prob. of imitative origin.]

1. To swell; to enlarge; to puff up; as, huffed up with air. Grew.

2. To treat with insolence and arrogance; to chide or rebuke with insolence; to hector; to bully.

You must not presume to huff us. Echard.

3. (Draughts) To remove from the board (the piece which could have captured an opposing piece). See Huff, v. i., 3.

Huff

Huff, v. i.

1. To enlarge; to swell up; as, bread huffs.

2. To bluster or swell with anger, pride, or arrogance; to storm; to take offense.

THis senseless arrogant conceit of theirs made them huff at the doctrine of repentance. South.

3. (Draughts) To remove from the board a man which could have captured a piece but has not done so; -- so called because it was the habit to blow upon the piece.

Huff

Huff, n.

1. A swell of sudden anger or arrogance; a fit of disappointment and petulance or anger; a rage. "Left the place in a huff." W. Irving.

2. A boaster; one swelled with a false opinion of his own value or importance.

Lewd, shallow-brained huffs make atheism and contempt of religion the sole badge . . . of wit. South.
To take huff, to take offence. Cowper.

Huffcap

Huff"cap` (?), n. A blusterer; a bully. [Obs.] -- a. Blustering; swaggering. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Huffer

Huff"er (?), n. A bully; a blusterer. Hudibras.

Huffiness

Huff"i*ness (?), n. The state of being huffish; petulance; bad temper. Ld. Lytton.

Huffingly

Huff"ing*ly, adv. Blusteringly; arrogantly. [R.]
And huffingly doth this bonny Scot ride. Old Ballad.

Huffish

Huff"ish, a. Disposed to be blustering or arrogant; petulant. -- Huff"ish*ly, adv. -- Huff"ish*ness, n.

Huffy

Huff"y (?), a.

1. Puffed up; as, huffy bread.

2. Characterized by arrogance or petulance; easily offended.

Hug

Hug (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hugging.] [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. sidde paa huk to squat, Sw. huka sig to squat, Icel. h. Cf. Huckster.]

1. To cower; to crouch; to curl up. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

2. To crowd together; to cuddle. [Obs.] Shak.

Hug

Hug, v. t.

1. To press closely within the arms; to clasp to the bosom; to embrace. "And huggen me in his arms." Shak.

2. To hold fast; to cling to; to cherish.

We hug deformities if they bear our names. Glanvill.

3. (Naut.) To keep close to; as, to hug the land; to hug the wind. To hug one's self, to congratulate one's self; to chuckle.

Hug

Hug, n. A close embrace or clasping with the arms, as in affection or in wrestling. Fuller.

Huge

Huge (?), a. [Compar. Huger (?); superl. Hugest (?).] [OE. huge, hoge, OF. ahuge, ahoge.] Very large; enormous; immense; excessive; -- used esp. of material bulk, but often of qualities, extent, etc.; as, a huge ox; a huge space; a huge difference. "The huge confusion." Chapman. "A huge filly." Jer. Taylor. -- Huge"ly, adv. -- Huge"ness, n.
Doth it not flow as hugely as the sea. Shak.
Syn. -- Enormous; gigantic; colossal; immense; prodigious; vast.

Hugger

Hug"ger (?), n. One who hugs or embraces.

Hugger

Hug"ger, v. t. & i. To conceal; to lurk ambush. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Hugger-mugger

Hug"ger-mug`ger (?), n. [Scot. huggrie-muggrie; Prov. E. hugger to lie in ambush, mug mist, muggard sullen.] Privacy; secrecy. Commonly in the phrase in hugger-mugger, with haste and secrecy. [Archaic]
Many things have been done in hugger-mugger. Fuller.

Hugger-mugger

Hug"ger-mug`ger, a.

1. Secret; clandestine; sly.

2. Confused; disorderly; slovenly; mean; as, hugger-mugger doings.

Huggle

Hug"gle (?), v. t. [Freq. of hug.] To hug. [Obs.]

Huguenot

Hu"gue*not (?), n. [F., properly a dim. of Hugues. The name is probably derived from the Christian name (Huguenot) of some person conspicuous as a reformer.] (Eccl. Hist.) A French Protestant of the period of the religious wars in France in the 16th century.

Huguenotism

Hu"gue*not*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. huguenotisme.] The religion of the Huguenots in France.

Hugy

Hu"gy (?), a. Vast. [Obs.] Dryden.

Huia bird

Hu"ia bird` (?). [Native name; -- so called from its cry.] (Zo\'94l.) A New Zealand starling (Heteralocha acutirostris), remarkable for the great difference in the form and length of the bill in the two sexes, that of the male being sharp and straight, that of the female much longer and strongly curved.

Huisher

Hui"sher (?), n. [Obs.] See Usher. B. Jonson.

Huisher

Hui"sher, v. t. To usher. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Huke

Huke (?), n. [OF. huque, LL. huca; cf. D. huik.] An outer garment worn in Europe in the Middle Ages. [Written also heuk and hyke.] [Obs.] Bacon.

Hulan

Hu"lan (?), n. See Uhlan.

Hulch

Hulch (?), n. [Cf. Hunch.] A hunch. [Obs.]

Hulchy

Hulch"y (?), a. Swollen; gibbous. [Obs.]

Hulk

Hulk (?), n. [OE. hulke a heavy ship, AS. hulc a light, swift ship; akin to D. hulk a ship of burden, G. holk, OHG. holcho; perh. fr. LL. holcas, Gr. Wolf, Holcad.]

1. The body of a ship or decked vessel of any kind; esp., the body of an old vessel laid by as unfit for service. "Some well-timbered hulk." Spenser.

2. A heavy ship of clumsy build. Skeat.

3. Anything bulky or unwieldly. Shak. Shear hulk, an old ship fitted with an apparatus to fix or take out the masts of a ship. -- The hulks, old or dismasted ships, formerly used as prisons. [Eng.] Dickens.

Hulk

Hulk (?), v. t. [Cf. MLG. holken to hollow out, Sw. h\'86lka.] To take out the entrails of; to disembowel; as, to hulk a hare. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

Hulking, Hulky

Hulk"ing, Hulk"y (?), a. Bulky; unwiedly. [R.] "A huge hulking fellow." H. Brooke.

Hull

Hull (?), n. [OE. hul, hol, shell, husk, AS. hulu; akin to G. h\'81lle covering, husk, case, h\'81llen to cover, Goth. huljan to cover, AS. helan to hele, conceal. &root;17. See Hele, v. t., Hell.]

1. The outer covering of anything, particularly of a nut or of grain; the outer skin of a kernel; the husk.

2. [In this sense perh. influenced by D. hol hold of a ship, E. hold.] (Naut.) The frame or body of a vessel, exclusive of her masts, yards, sails, and rigging.

Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light. Dryden.
Hull down, said of a ship so distant that her hull is concealed by the convexity of the sea.

Hull

Hull, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hulling.]

1. To strip off or separate the hull or hulls of; to free from integument; as, to hull corn.

2. To pierce the hull of, as a ship, with a cannon ball.

Hull

Hull, v. i. To toss or drive on the water, like the hull of a ship without sails. [Obs.] Shak. Milton.

Hullabaloo

Hul`la*ba*loo" (?), n. [Perh. a corruption of hurly-burly.] A confused noise; uproar; tumult. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Hulled

Hulled (?), a. Deprived of the hulls. Hulled corn, kernels of maize prepared for food by removing the hulls.

Huller

Hull"er (?), n. One who, or that which, hulls; especially, an agricultural machine for removing the hulls from grain; a hulling machine.

Hullo

Hul*lo" (?), interj. See Hollo.

Hully

Hull"y (?), a. Having or containing hulls.

Huloist

Hu"lo*ist (?), n. See Hyloist.

Hulotheism

Hu"lo*the*ism (?), n. See Hylotheism.

Hulver

Hul"ver (?), n. [OE. hulfere; prob. akin to E. holly.] Holly, an evergreen shrub or tree.

Hum

Hum (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humming (?).] [Of imitative origin; cf. G. hummen, D. hommelen. &root;15.]

1. To make a low, prolonged sound, like that of a bee in flight; to drone; to murmur; to buzz; as, a top hums. P. Fletcher.

Still humming on, their drowsy course they keep. Pope.

2. To make a nasal sound, like that of the letter m prolonged, without opening the mouth, or articulating; to mumble in monotonous undertone; to drone.

The cloudy messenger turns me his back, And hums. Shak.

3. [Cf. Hum, interj.] To make an inarticulate sound, like h'm, through the nose in the process of speaking, from embarrassment or a affectation; to hem.

4. To express satisfaction by a humming noise.

Here the spectators hummed. Trial of the Regicides.
&hand; Formerly the habit of audiences was to express gratification by humming and displeasure by hissing.

5. To have the sensation of a humming noise; as, my head hums, -- a pathological condition.

Hum

Hum, v. t.

1. To sing with shut mouth; to murmur without articulation; to mumble; as, to hum a tune.

2. To express satisfaction with by humming.

3. To flatter by approving; to cajole; to impose on; to humbug. [Colloq. & Low]

Hum

Hum, n.

1. A low monotonous noise, as of bees in flight, of a swiftly revolving top, of a wheel, or the like; a drone; a buzz.

The shard-borne beetle with his drowsy hums. Shak.

2. Any inarticulate and buzzing sound; as: (a) The confused noise of a crowd or of machinery, etc., heard at a distance; as, the hum of industry.

But 'midst the crowd, the hum, the shock of men. Byron.
(b) A buzz or murmur, as of approbation. Macaulay.

3. An imposition or hoax.

4. [Cf. Hem, interj.] An inarticulate nasal sound or murmur, like h'm, uttered by a speaker in pause from embarrassment, affectation, etc.

THese shrugs, these hums and ha's. Shak.

5. [Perh. so called because strongly intoxicating.] A kind of strong drink formerly used. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Venous hum. See under Venous.

Hum

Hum, interj. [Cf. Hem, interj.] Ahem; hem; an inarticulate sound uttered in a pause of speech implying doubt and deliberation. Pope.

Human

Hu"man (?), a. [L. humanus; akin to homo man: cf. F. humain. See Homage, and cf. Humane, Omber.] Belonging to man or mankind; having the qualities or attributes of a man; of or pertaining to man or to the race of man; as, a human voice; human shape; human nature; human sacrifices.
To err is human; to forgive, divine. Pope.

Human

Hu"man, n. A human being. [Colloq.]
Sprung of humans that inhabit earth. Chapman.
We humans often find ourselves in strange position. Prof. Wilson.

Humanate

Hu"man*ate (?), a. [LL. humanatus.] Indued with humanity. [Obs.] Cranmer.

Humane

Hu*mane" (?), a. [L. humanus: cf. F. humain. See Human.]

1. Pertaining to man; human. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

2. Having the feelings and inclinations creditable to man; having a disposition to treat other human beings or animals with kindness; kind; benevolent.

Of an exceeding courteous and humane inclination. Sportswood.

3. Humanizing; exalting; tending to refine. Syn. -- Kind; sympathizing; benevolent; mild; compassionate; gentle; tender; merciful. -- Hu*mane"ly, adv. -- Hu*mane"ness, n.


Page 712

Humanics

Hu*man"ics (?), n. The study of human nature. [R.] T. W. Collins.

Humanify

Hu*man"i*fy (?), v. t. To make human; to invest with a human personality; to incarnate. [R.]
The humanifying of the divine Word. H. B. Wilson.

Humanism

Hu"man*ism (?), n.

1. Human nature or disposition; humanity.

[She] looked almost like a being who had rejected with indifference the attitude of sex for the loftier quality of abstract humanism. T. Hardy.

2. The study of the humanities; polite learning.

Humanist

Hu"man*ist, n. [Cf. F. humaniste.]

1. One of the scholars who in the field of literature proper represented the movement of the Renaissance, and early in the 16th century adopted the name Humanist as their distinctive title. Schaff-Herzog.

2. One who purposes the study of the humanities, or polite literature.

3. One versed in knowledge of human nature.

Humanistic

Hu`man*is"tic (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to humanity; as, humanistic devotion. Caird.

2. Pertaining to polite kiterature. M. Arnold.

Humanitarian

Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an (?), a.

1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.) Pertaining to humanitarians, or to humanitarianism; as, a humanitarian view of Christ's nature.

2. (Philos.) Content with right affections and actions toward man; ethical, as distinguished from religious; believing in the perfectibility of man's nature without supernatural aid.

3. Benevolent; philanthropic. [Recent]

Humanitarian

Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an, n. [From Humanity.]

1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.) One who denies the divinity of Christ, and believes him to have been merely human.

2. (Philos.) One who limits the sphere of duties to human relations and affections, to the exclusion or disparagement of the religious or spiritual.

3. One who is actively concerned in promoting the welfare of his kind; a philanthropist. [Recent]

Humanitarianism

Hu*man`i*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n.

1. (Theol. & Ch. Hist.) The distinctive tenet of the humanitarians in denying the divinity of Christ; also, the whole system of doctrine based upon this view of Christ.

2. (Philos.) The doctrine that man's obligations are limited to, and dependent alone upon, man and the human relations.

Humanitian

Hu`ma*ni"tian (?), n. A humanist. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Humanity

Hu*man"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Humanities (#). [L. humanitas: cf. F. humanit\'82. See Human.]

1. The quality of being human; the peculiar nature of man, by which he is distinguished from other beings.

2. Mankind collectively; the human race.

But hearing oftentimes The still, and music humanity. Wordsworth.
It is a debt we owe to humanity. S. S. Smith.

3. The quality of being humane; the kind feelings, dispositions, and sympathies of man; especially, a disposition to relieve persons or animals in distress, and to treat all creatures with kindness and tenderness. "The common offices of humanity and friendship." Locke.

4. Mental cultivation; liberal education; instruction in classical and polite literature.

Polished with humanity and the study of witty science. Holland.

5. pl. (With definite article) The branches of polite or elegant learning; as language, rhetoric, poetry, and the ancient classics; belles-letters. &hand; The cultivation of the languages, literature, history, and arch\'91ology of Greece and Rome, were very commonly called liter\'91 humaniores, or, in English, the humanities, . . . by way of opposition to the liter\'91 divin\'91, or divinity. G. P. Marsh.

Humanization

Hu*man`i*za"tion (?), n. The act of humanizing. M. Arnold.

Humanize

Hu"man*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humanizing (?).] [Cf. F. humaniser.]

1. To render human or humane; to soften; to make gentle by overcoming cruel dispositions and rude habits; to refine or civilize.

Was it the business of magic to humanize our natures with compassion? Addison.

2. To give a human character or expression to. "Humanized divinities." Caird.

3. (Med.) To convert into something human or belonging to man; as, to humanize vaccine lymph.

Humanize

Hu"man*ize, v. i. To become or be made more humane; to become civilized; to be ameliorated.
By the original law of nations, war and extirpation were the punishment of injury. Humanizing by degrees, it admitted slavery instead of death; a further step was the exchange of prisoners instead of slavery. Franklin.

Humanizer

Hu"man*i`zer (?), n. One who renders humane.

Humankind

Hu"man*kind` (?), n. Mankind. Pope.

Humanly

Hu"man*ly, adv.

1. In a human manner; after the manner of men; according to the knowledge or wisdom of men; as, the present prospects, humanly speaking, promise a happy issue. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Kindly; humanely. [Obs.] Pope.

Humanness

Hu"man*ness, n. The quality or state of being human.

Humate

Hu"mate (?), n. [L. humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.) A salt of humic acid.

Humation

Hu*ma"tion (?), n. [L. humatio, fr. humare to cover with earth, to inter, fr. humus the earth, ground. See Homage.] Interment; inhumation. [R.]

Humbird

Hum"bird` (?), n. Humming bird.

Humble

Hum"ble (?), a. [Compar. Humbler (?); superl. Humblest (?).] [F., fr. L. humilis on the ground, low, fr. humus the earth, ground. See Homage, and cf. Chameleon, Humiliate.]

1. Near the ground; not high or lofty; not pretentious or magnificent; unpretending; unassuming; as, a humble cottage.

THy humble nest built on the ground. Cowley.

2. Thinking lowly of one's self; claiming little for one's self; not proud, arrogant, or assuming; thinking one's self ill-deserving or unworthy, when judged by the demands of God; lowly; waek; modest.

God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble. Jas. iv. 6.
She should be humble who would please. Prior.
Without a humble imitation of the divine Author of our . . . religion we can never hope to be a happy nation. Washington.
Humble plant (Bot.), a species of sensitive plant, of the genus Mimosa (M. sensitiva). -- To eat humble pie, to endure mortification; to submit or apologize abjectly; to yield passively to insult or humilitation; -- a phrase derived from a pie made of the entrails or humbles of a deer, which was formerly served to servants and retainers at a hunting feast. See Humbles. Halliwell. Thackeray.

Humble

Hum"ble (?), a. Hornless. See Hummel. [Scot.]

Humble

Hum"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humbling (?).]

1. To bring low; to reduce the power, independence, or exaltation of; to lower; to abase; to humilate.

Here, take this purse, thou whom the heaven's plagues Have humbled to all strokes. Shak.
The genius which humbled six marshals of France. Macaulay.

2. To make humble or lowly in mind; to abase the pride or arrogance of; to reduce the self-sufficiently of; to make meek and submissive; -- often used rexlexively.

Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, that he may exalt you. 1 Pet. v. 6.
Syn. -- To abase; lower; depress; humiliate; mortify; disgrace; degrade.

Humblebee

Hum"ble*bee` (?), n. [OE. humbilbee, hombulbe; cf. D. hommel, G. hummel, OHG. humbal, Dan. humle, Sw. humla; perh. akin to hum. &root;15. Cf. Bumblebee.] (Zo\'94l.) The bumblebee. Shak.

Humblehead

Hum"ble*head` (?), n. [Humble + -head.] Humble condition or estate; humility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Humbleness

Hum"ble*ness, n. The quality of being humble; humility; meekness.

Humbler

Hum"bler (?), n. One who, or that which, humbles some one.

Humbles

Hum"bles (?), n. pl. [See Nombles.] Entrails of a deer. [Written also umbles.] Johnson.

Humblesse

Hum"blesse (?), n. [OF.] Humbleness; abasement; low obeisance. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Humbly

Hum"bly, adv. With humility; lowly. Pope.

Humbug

Hum"bug` (?), n. [Prob. fr. hum to impose on, deceive + bug a frightful object.]

1. An imposition under fair pretenses; something contrived in order to deceive and mislead; a trick by cajolery; a hoax.

2. A spirit of deception; cajolery; trickishness.

3. One who deceives or misleads; a deceitful or trickish fellow; an impostor. Sir J. Stephen.

Humbug

Hum"bug`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humbugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humbugging (?).] To deceive; to impose; to cajole; to hoax.

Humbugger

Hum"bug`ger (?), n. One who humbugs.

Humbuggery

Hum"bug`ger*y (?), n. The practice of imposition.

Humdrum

Hum"drum` (?), a. Monotonous; dull; commonplace. "A humdrum crone." Bryant.

Humdrum

Hum"drum`, n.

1. A dull fellow; a bore. B. Jonson.

2. Monotonous and tedious routine.

Dissatisfied with humdrum. The Nation.

3. A low cart with three wheels, drawn by one horse.

Humect, Humectate

Hu*mect" (?), Hu*mec"tate (?), v. t. [L. humectare, humectatum, fr. humectus moist, fr. humere to be moist: cf. F. humecter.] To moisten; to wet. [Obs.] Howell.

Humectant

Hu*mec"tant (?), a. [L. humectans, p.pr.] Diluent. -- n. A diluent drink or medicine. [Obs.]

Humectation

Hu`mec*ta"tion (?), n. [L. humectatio: cf. F. humectation.] A moistening. [Obs.] Bacon.

Humective

Hu*mec"tive (?), a. Tending to moisten. [Obs.]

Humeral

Hu"mer*al (?), a. [L. humerus the shoulder: cf. F. hum\'82ral.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the humerus, or upper part of the arm; brachial. Humeral veil (R. C. Ch.), a long, narrow veil or scarf of the same material as the vestments, worn round the shoulders by the officiating priest or his attendant at Mass, and used to protect the sacred vessels from contact with the hands.

Humerus

Hu"me*rus (?), n.; pl. Humeri (#). [L.] (Anat.) (a) The bone of the brachium, or upper part of the arm or fore limb. (b) The part of the limb containing the humerus; the brachium.

Humic

Hu"mic (?), a. [L. humus the earth, ground: cf. F. humique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, vegetable mold; as, humic acid. See Humin.

Humicubation

Hu`mi*cu*ba"tion (?), n. [L. humus the ground + cubare to lie down.] The act or practice of lying on the ground. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall.

Humid

Hu"mid (?), a. [L. humidus, umidus, fr. humere, umere, to be moist; akin to uvidus moist, Gr. uksh to wet, sprinkle, and Icel. v\'94kr moist, and perh. to E. ox: cf. F. humide.] Containing sensible moisture; damp; moist; as, a humidair or atmosphere; somewhat wet or watery; as, humid earth; consisting of water or vapor.
Evening cloud, or humid bow. Milton.

Humidity

Hu*mid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. humidit\'82.] Moisture; dampness; a moderate degree of wetness, which is perceptible to the eye or touch; -- used especially of the atmosphere, or of anything which has absorbed moisture from the atmosphere, as clothing. &hand; In hygrometrical reports (as of the United States Signal Service) complete saturation of the air is designated by Humidity 100, and its partial saturation by smaller numbers.

Humidness

Hu"mid*ness (?), n. Humidity.

Humifuse

Hu"mi*fuse (?), a. [L. humus ground + fusus, p.p. of fundere to spread.] (Bot.) Spread over the surface of the ground; procumbent. Gray.

Humiliant

Hu*mil"i*ant (?), a. [L. humilians, p.pr. of humiliare.] Humiliating; humbling. "Humiliant thoughts." [R.] Mrs. Browning.

Humiliate

Hu*mil"i*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humiliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humiliating.] [L. humiliatus, p.p. of humiliare. See Humble.] To reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes, or in the eyes of others; to humble; to mortify.
We stand humiliated rather than encouraged. M. Arnold.

Humiliation

Hu*mil`i*a"tion (?), n. [L. humiliatio: cf. F. humiliation.]

1. The act of humiliating or humbling; abasement of pride; mortification. Bp. Hopkins.

2. The state of being humiliated, humbled, or reduced to lowliness or submission.

The former was a humiliation of Deity; the latter a humiliation of manhood. Hooker.

Humility

Hu*mil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Humilities (#). [OE. humilite, OF. humilit\'82, humelit\'82, F. humilit\'82, fr. L. humiliatis. See Humble.]

1. The state or quality of being humble; freedom from pride and arrogance; lowliness of mind; a modest estimate of one's own worth; a sense of one's own unworthiness through imperfection and sinfulness; self-abasement; humbleness.

Serving the Lord with all humility of mind. Acts xx. 19.

2. An act of submission or courtesy.

With these humilities they satisfied the young king. Sir J. Davies.
Syn. -- Lowliness; humbleness; meekness; modesty; diffidence. -- Humility, Modesty, Diffidence. Diffidence is a distrust of our powers, combined with a fear lest our failure should be censured, since a dread of failure unconnected with a dread of censure is not usually called diffidence. It may be carried too far, and is not always, like modesty and humility, a virtue. Modesty, without supposing self-distrust, implies an unwillingness to put ourselves forward, and an absence of all over-confidence in our own powers. Humility consists in rating our claims low, in being willing to waive our rights, and take a lower place than might be our due. It does not require of us to underrate ourselves.

Humin

Hu"min (?), n. [L. humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.) A bitter, brownish yellow, amorphous substance, extracted from vegetable mold, and also produced by the action of acids on certain sugars and carbohydrates; -- called also humic acid, ulmin, gein, ulmic or geic acid, etc.

Humiri

Hu*mi"ri (?), n. [From native name.] (Bot.) A fragrant balsam obtained from Brazilian trees of the genus Humirium.

Humite

Hum"ite (?), n. [Named after Sir A.Hume.] (Min.) A mineral of a transparent vitreous brown color, found in the ejected masses of Vesuvius. It is a silicate of iron and magnesia, containing fluorine.

Hummel

Hum"mel (?), v. t. [Cf. Hamble.] To separate from the awns; -- said of barley. [Scot.]

Hummel

Hum"mel, a. Having no awns or no horns; as, hummelcorn; a hummel cow. [Scot.]

Hummeler

Hum"mel*er (?), n. [Written also hummeller.] One who, or a machine which, hummels.

Hummer

Hum"mer (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, hums; one who applauds by humming. Ainsworth.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A humming bird.

Humming

Hum"ming (?), a. Emitting a murmuring sound; droning; murmuring; buzzing.

Humming

Hum"ming, n. A sound like that made by bees; a low, murmuring sound; a hum. Hummingale, lively or strong ale. Dryden. -- Humming bird (Zo\'94l.), any bird of the family Trochilid\'91, of which over one hundred genera are known, including about four hundred species. They are found only in America and are most abundant in the tropics. They are mostly of very small size, and are not for their very brilliant colors and peculiar habit of hovering about flowers while vibrating their wings very rapidly with a humming noise. They feed both upon the nectar of flowers and upon small insects. The common humming bird or ruby-throat of the Eastern United States is Trochilus culubris. Several other species are found in the Western United States. See Calliope, and Ruby-throat. -- Humming-bird moth (Zo\'94l.), a hawk moth. See Hawk moth, under Hawk, the bird.

Hummock

Hum"mock (?), n. [Prob. a dim. of hump. See Hump.]

1. A rounded knoll or hillock; a rise of ground of no great extent, above a level surface.

2. A ridge or pile of ice on an ice field.

3. Timbered land. See Hammock. [Southern U.S.]

Hummocking

Hum"mock*ing, n. The process of forming hummocks in the collision of Arctic ice. Kane.

Hummocky

Hum"mock*y (?), a. Abounding in hummocks.

Hummum

Hum"mum (?), n. [Per. or Ar. hamm\'ben.] A sweating bath or place for sweating. Sir T. Herbert.

Humor

Hu"mor (?), n. [OE. humour, OF. humor, umor, F. humeur, L. humor, umor, moisture, fluid, fr. humere, umere, to be moist. See Humid.] [Written also humour.]

1. Moisture, especially, the moisture or fluid of animal bodies, as the chyle, lymph, etc.; as, the humors of the eye, etc. &hand; The ancient physicians believed that there were four humors (the blood, phlegm, yellow bile or choler, and black bile or melancholy), on the relative proportion of which the temperament and health depended.

2. (Med.) A vitiated or morbid animal fluid, such as often causes an eruption on the skin. "A body full of humors." Sir W. Temple.

3. State of mind, whether habitual or temporary (as formerly supposed to depend on the character or combination of the fluids of the body); disposition; temper; mood; as, good humor; ill humor.

Examine how your humor is inclined, And which the ruling passion of your mind. Roscommon.
A prince of a pleasant humor. Bacon.
I like not the humor of lying. Shak.

4. pl. Changing and uncertain states of mind; caprices; freaks; vagaries; whims.

Is my friend all perfection, all virtue and discretion? Has he not humors to be endured? South.

5. That quality of the imagination which gives to ideas an incongruous or fantastic turn, and tends to excite laughter or mirth by ludicrous images or representations; a playful fancy; facetiousness.

For thy sake I admit That a Scot may have humor, I'd almost said wit. Goldsmith.
A great deal of excellent humor was expended on the perplexities of mine host. W. Irving.
Aqueous humor, Crystalline humor ∨ lens, Vitreous humor. (Anat.) See Eye. -- Out of humor, dissatisfied; displeased; in an unpleasant frame of mind. Syn. -- Wit; satire; pleasantry; temper; disposition; mood; frame; whim; fancy; caprice. See Wit.
Page 713

Humor

Hu"mor (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Humored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Humoring.]

1. To comply with the humor of; to adjust matters so as suit the peculiarities, caprices, or exigencies of; to adapt one's self to; to indulge by skillful adaptation; as, to humor the mind.

It is my part to invent, and the musician's to humor that invention. Dryden.

2. To help on by indulgence or compliant treatment; to soothe; to gratify; to please.

You humor me when I am sick. Pope.
Syn. -- To gratify; to indulge. See Gratify.

Humoral

Hu"mor*al (?), a. [Cf. F. humoral.] Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the humors; as, a humoral fever. Humoral pathology (Med.), the pathology, or doctrine of the nature of diseases, which attributes all morbid phenomena to the disordered condition of the fluids or humors of the body.<-- antiquated -->

Humoralism

Hu"mor*al*ism (?), n.

1. (Med.) The state or quality of being humoral.

2. (Med.) The doctrine that diseases proceed from the humors; humorism. [Obs.]

Humoralist

Hu"mor*al*ist, n. One who favors the humoral pathology or believes in humoralism.

Humorism

Hu"mor*ism (?), n.

1. (Med.) The theory founded on the influence which the humors were supposed to have in the production of disease; Galenism. Dunglison.

2. The manner or disposition of a humorist; humorousness. Coleridge.

Humorist

Hu"mor*ist, n. [Cf. F. humoriste.]

1. (Med.) One who attributes diseases of the state of the humors.

2. One who has some peculiarity or eccentricity of character, which he indulges in odd or whimsical ways.

He [Roger de Coverley] . . . was a great humorist in all parts of his life. Addison.

3. One who displays humor in speaking or writing; one who has a facetious fancy or genius; a wag; a droll.

The reputation of wits and humorists. Addison.

Humoristic

Hu`mor*is"tic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a humorist.

Humorize

Hu"mor*ize (?), v. t. To humor. Marston.

Humorless

Hu"mor*less, a. Destitute of humor.

Humorous

Hu"mor*ous (?), a. [Cf. L. humorosus, umorosus, moist. See Humor.]

1. Moist; humid; watery. [Obs.]

All founts wells, all deeps humorous. Chapman.

2. Subject to be governed by humor or caprice; irregular; capricious; whimsical. Hawthorne.

Rough as a storm and humorous as the wind. Dryden.

3. Full of humor; jocular; exciting laughter; playful; as, a humorous story or author; a humorous aspect. Syn. -- Jocose; facetious; witty; pleasant; merry.

Humorously

Hu"mor*ous*ly, adv.

1. Capriciously; whimsically.

We resolve rashly, sillily, or humorously. Calamy.

2. Facetiously; wittily.

Humorousness

Hu"mor*ous*ness, n.

1. Moodiness; capriciousness.

2. Facetiousness; jocularity.

Humorsome

Hu"mor*some (?), a.

1. Moody; whimsical; capricious. Hawthorne.

The commons do not abet humorsome, factious arms. Burke.

2. Jocose; witty; humorous. Swift.

Humorsomely

Hu"mor*some*ly, adv. Pleasantly; humorously.

Humorsomeness

Hu"mor*some*ness, n. Quality of being humorsome.

Hump

Hump (?), n. [Cf. D. homp a lump, LG. hump heap, hill, stump, possibly akin to E. heap. Cf. Hunch.]

1. A protuberance; especially, the protuberance formed by a crooked back.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A fleshy protuberance on the back of an animal, as a camel or whale.

Humpback

Hump"back` (?), n. [Cf. Hunchback.]

1. A crooked back; a humped back. Tatler.

2. A humpbacked person; a hunchback.

3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any whale of the genus Megaptera, characterized by a hump or bunch on the back. Several species are known. The most common ones in the North Atlantic are Megaptera longimana of Europe, and M. osphyia of America; that of the California coasts is M. versabilis. (b) A small salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), of the northwest coast of America.

Humpbacked

Hump"backed` (?), a. Having a humped back.

Humped

Humped (?), a. Having a hump, as the back.

Humph

Humph (?), interj. [Of imitative origin.] An exclamation denoting surprise, or contempt, doubt, etc.

Humpless

Hump"less (?), a. Without a hump. Darwin.

Hump-shouldered

Hump"-shoul`dered (?), a. Having high, hunched shoulders. Hawthorne.

Humpy

Hump"y (?), a. Full of humps or bunches; covered with protuberances; humped.

Humstrum

Hum"strum` (?), n. An instrument out of tune or rudely constructed; music badly played.

Humulin

Hu"mu*lin (?), n. [NL. Humulus, the genus including the hop.] An extract of hops.

Humus

Hu"mus (?), n. [L., the earth, ground, soil.] That portion of the soil formed by the decomposition of animal or vegetable matter. It is a valuable constituent of soils. Graham.

Hun

Hun (?), n. [L. Hunni, also Chunni, and Chuni; cf. AS. H, H, OHG. H, G. Hunnen.] One of a warlike nomadic people of Northern Asia who, in the 5th century, under Atilla, invaded and conquered a great part of Europe.

Hunch

Hunch (?), n. [Perh. akin to huckle; cf. hump, hunch, bunch, hunk.]

1. A hump; a protuberance.

2. A lump; a thick piece; as, a hunch of bread.

3. A push or thrust, as with the elbow.

Hunch

Hunch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hunched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hunching.]

1. To push or jostle with the elbow; to push or thrust suddenly.

2. To thrust out a hump or protuberance; to crook, as the back. Dryden.

Hunchback

Hunch"back` (?), n. [Cf. Humpback.] A back with a hunch or hump; also, a hunchbacked person.

Hunchbacked

Hunch"backed` (?), a. Having a humped back.

Hundred

Hun"dred (?), n. [OE. hundred, AS. hundred a territorial division; hund hundred + a word akin to Goth. ga-ra to count, L. ratio reckoning, account; akin to OS. hunderod, hund, D. hondred, G. hundert, OHG. also hunt, Icel. hundra, Dan. hundrede, Sw. hundra, hundrade, Goth. hund, Lith. szimtas, Russ. sto, W. cant, Ir. cead, L. centum, Gr. \'87ata. &root;309. Cf. Cent, Century, Hecatomb, Quintal, and Reason.]

1. The product of ten mulitplied by ten, or the number of ten times ten; a collection or sum, consisting of ten times ten units or objects; five score. Also, a symbol representing one hundred units, as 100 or C.

With many hundreds treading on his heels. Shak.
&hand; The word hundred, as well as thousand, million, etc., often takes a plural form. We may say hundreds, or many hundreds, meaning individual objects or units, but with an ordinal numeral adjective in constructions like five hundreds, or eight hundreds, it is usually intended to consider each hundred as a separate aggregate; as, ten hundreds are one thousand.

2. A division of a country in England, supposed to have originally contained a hundred families, or freemen. Hundred court, a court held for all the inhabitants of a hundred. [Eng.] Blackstone.

Hundred

Hun"dred, a. Ten times ten; five score; as, a hundred dollars.

Hundreder

Hun"dred*er (?), n.

1. An inhabitant or freeholder of a hundred.

2. (Law) A person competent to serve on a jury, in an action for land in the hundred to which he belongs.

3. One who has the jurisdiction of a hundred; and sometimes, a bailiff of a hundred. Blount. Cowell.

Hundredfold

Hun"dred*fold` (?), n. A hundred times as much or as many.
He shall receive as hundredfold now in this time. Mark x. 30.

Hundredth

Hun"dredth (?), a.

1. Coming last of a hundred successive individuals or units.

2. Forming one of a hundred equal parts into which anything is divided; the tenth of a tenth.

Hundredth

Hun"dredth, n. One of a hundred equal parts into which one whole is, or may be, divided; the quotient of a unit divided by a hundred.

Hundredwieght

Hun"dred*wieght` (?), n. A denomination of weight, containing 100, 112, or 120 pounds avoirdupois, according to differing laws or customs. By the legal standard of England it is 112 pounds. In most of the United States, both in practice and by law, it is 100 pounds avoirdupois, the corresponding ton of 2,000 pounds, sometimes called the short ton, beingthe legal ton.

Hung

Hung (?), imp. & p. p. of Hang. Hung beef, the fleshy part of beef slightly salted and hung up to dry; dried beef.

Hungarian

Hun*ga"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hungary or to the people of Hungary. -- n. A native or one of the people of Hungary. Hungarian grass. See Italian millet, under Millet.

Hungary

Hun"ga*ry (?), n. A country in Central Europe, now a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Hungary water, a distilled "water," made from dilute alcohol aromatized with rosemary flowers, etc.

Hunger

Hun"ger (?), n. [AS. hungor; akin to OFries. hunger, D. honger, OS. & OHG. hungar, G. hunger, Icel. hungr, Sw. & Dan. hunger, Goth. h hunger, huggrjan to hunger.]

1. An uneasy sensation occasioned normally by the want of food; a craving or desire for food. &hand; The sensation of hunger is usually referred to the stomach, but is probably dependent on excitation of the sensory nerves, both of the stomach and intestines, and perhaps also on indirect impressions from other organs, more or less exhausted from lack of nutriment.

2. Any strong eager desire.

O sacred hunger of ambitious minds! Spenser.
For hunger of my gold I die. Dryden.

Hunger

Hun"ger, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hungered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hungering.] [OE. hungren, AS. hyngrian. See Hunger, n.]

1. To feel the craving or uneasiness occasioned by want of food; to be oppressed by hunger.

2. To have an eager desire; to long.

Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteouness. Matt. v. 6.

Hunger

Hun"ger, v. t. To make hungry; to famish.

Hunger-bit, Hunger-bitten

Hun"ger-bit` (?), Hun"ger-bit`ten (?), a. Pinched or weakened by hunger. [Obs.] Milton.

Hungered

Hun"gered (?), a. Hungry; pinched for food. [Obs.] Milton.

Hungerer

Hun"ger*er (?), n. One who hungers; one who longs. Lamb.

Hungerly

Hun"ger*ly, a. Wanting food; starved. [Obs.] Shak.

Hungerly

Hun"ger*ly, adv. With keen appetite. [Obs.] Shak.

Hunger-starve

Hun"ger-starve` (?), v. t. To starve with hunger; to famish. [Obs.] Shak.

Hungred

Hun"gred (?), a. Hungered; hungry. [Archaic]

Hungrily

Hun"gri*ly (?), adv. [From Hunger.] In a hungry manner; voraciously. Dryden.

Hungry

Hun"gry (?), a. [Compar. Hungrier (?); superl. Hungriest.] [AS. hungrid. See Hunger.]

1. Feeling hunger; having a keen appetite; feeling uneasiness or distress from want of food; hence, having an eager desire.

2. Showing hunger or a craving desire; voracious.

The cruel, hungry foam. C. Kingsley.
Cassius has a lean and hungry look. Shak.

3. Not rich or fertile; poor; barren; starved; as, a hungry soil. "The hungry beach." Shak.

Hunk

Hunk (?), n. [Cf. Hunch.] A large lump or piece; a hunch; as, a hunk of bread. [Colloq.] <-- 2. a sexually attractive, well-built man. -->

Hunker

Hun"ker (?), n. Originally, a nickname for a member of the conservative section of the Democratic party in New York; hence, one opposed to progress in general; a fogy. [Political Cant, U.S.]

Hunkerism

Hun"ker*ism (?), n. Excessive conservatism; hostility to progress. [Political Cant, U.S.]

Hunks

Hunks (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A covetous, sordid man; a miser; a niggard.
Pray make your bargain with all the prudence and selfishness of an old hunks. Gray.

Hunt

Hunt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hunting.] [AS. huntian to hunt; cf. hentan to follow, pursue, Goth. hin (in comp.) to seize. &root;36. Cf. Hent.]

1. To search for or follow after, as game or wild animals; to chase; to pursue for the purpose of catching or killing; to follow with dogs or guns for sport or exercise; as, to hunt a deer.

Like a dog, he hunts in dreams. Tennyson.

2. To search diligently after; to seek; to pursue; to follow; -- often with out or up; as, to hunt up the facts; to hunt out evidence.

Evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow him. Ps. cxl. 11.

3. To drive; to chase; -- with down, from, away, etc.; as, to hunt down a criminal; he was hunted from the parish.

4. To use or manage in the chase, as hounds.

He hunts a pack of dogs. Addison.

5. To use or traverse in pursuit of game; as, he hunts the woods, or the country.

Hunt

Hunt, v. i.

1. To follow the chase; to go out in pursuit of game; to course with hounds.

Esau went to the field to hunt for venison. Gen. xxvii. 5.

2. To seek; to pursue; to search; -- with for or after.

He after honor hunts, I after love. Shak.
To hunt counter, to trace the scent backward in hunting, as a hound to go back on one's steps. [Obs.] Shak.

Hunt

Hunt, n.

1. The act or practice of chasing wild animals; chase; pursuit; search.

The hunt is up; the morn is bright and gray. Shak.

2. The game secured in the hunt. [Obs.] Shak.

3. A pack of hounds. [Obs.]

4. An association of huntsmen.

5. A district of country hunted over.

Every landowner within the hunt. London Field.

Hunt-counter

Hunt"-count`er (?), n. A worthless dog that runs back on the scent; a blunderer. [Obs.] Shak.

Hunte

Hunt"e (?), n. [AS. hunta.] A hunter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hunter

Hunt"er (?), n.

1. One who hunts wild animals either for sport or for food; a huntsman.

2. A dog that scents game, or is trained to the chase; a hunting dog. Shak.

3. A horse used in the chase; especially, a thoroughbred, bred and trained for hunting.

4. One who hunts or seeks after anything, as if for game; as, a fortune hunter a place hunter.

No keener hunter after glory breathes. Tennyson.

5. (Zo\'94l.) A kind of spider. See Hunting spider, under Hunting.

6. A hunting watch, or one of which the crystal is protected by a metallic cover. Hunter's room, the lunation after the harvest moon. -- Hunter's screw (Mech.), a differential screw, so named from the inventor. See under Differential.

Hunterian

Hun*te"ri*an (?), a. Discovered or described by John Hunter, an English surgeon; as, the Hunterian chancre. See Chancre.

Hunting

Hunt"ing (?), n. The pursuit of game or of wild animals. A. Smith. Happy hunting grounds, the region to which, according to the belief of American Indians, the souls of warriors and hunters pass after death, to be happy in hunting and feasting. Tylor. -- Hunting box. Same As Hunting lodge (below). -- Hunting cat (Zo\'94l.), the cheetah. -- Hunting cog (Mach.), a tooth in the larger of two geared wheels which makes its number of teeth prime to the number in the smaller wheel, thus preventing the frequent meeting of the same pairs of teeth. -- Hunting dog (Zo\'94l.), the hyena dog. -- Hunting ground, a region or district abounding in game; esp. (pl.), the regions roamed over by the North American Indians in search of game. -- Hunting horn, a bulge; a horn used in the chase. See Horn, and Bulge. -- Hunting leopard (Zo\'94l.), the cheetah. -- Hunting lodge, a temporary residence for the purpose of hunting. -- Hunting seat, a hunting lodge. Gray. -- Hunting shirt, a coarse shirt for hunting, often of leather. -- Hunting spider (Zo\'94l.), a spider which hunts its prey, instead of catching it in a web; a wolf spider. -- Hunting watch. See Hunter, 6.

Huntress

Hunt"ress (?), n. A woman who hunts or follows the chase; as, the huntress Diana. Shak.

Huntsman

Hunts"man (?), n.; pl. Huntsmen (.

1. One who hunts, or who practices hunting.

2. The person whose office it is to manage the chase or to look after the hounds. L'Estrange. Huntsman's cup (Bot.), the sidesaddle flower, or common American pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea).


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Huntsmanship

Hunts"man*ship (?), n. The art or practice of hunting, or the qualification of a hunter. Donne.

Hunt's-up

Hunt's"-up` (?), n. A tune played on the horn very early in the morning to call out the hunters; hence, any arousing sound or call. [Obs.] Shak.
Time plays the hunt's-up to thy sleepy head. Drayton.

Hurden

Hur"den (?), n. [From Hurds.] A coarse kind of linen; -- called also harden. [Prov. Eng.]

Hurdle

Hur"dle (?), n. [OE. hurdel, hirdel, AS. hyrdel; akin to D. horde, OHG. hurt, G. h\'81rde a hurdle, fold, pen, Icel. hur door, Goth. ha\'a3rds, L. cratis wickerwork, hurdle, Gr. k to spin, c to bind, connect. &root;16. Cf. Crate, Grate, n.]

1. A movable frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or sometimes of iron, used for inclosing land, for folding sheep and cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as revetments, and for other purposes.

2. In England, a sled or crate on which criminals were formerly drawn to the place of execution. Bacon.

3. An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which men or horses leap in a race. Hurdle race, a race in which artificial barriers in the form of hurdles, fences, etc., must be leaped.

Hurdle

Hur"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurdleed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurdleing (?).] To hedge, cover, make, or inclose with hurdles. Milton.

Hurdlework

Hur"dle*work` (?), n. Work after manner of a hurdle.

Hurds

Hurds (?), n. [See Hards.] The coarse part of flax or hemp; hards.

Hurdy-gurdy

Hur"dy-gur`dy (?), n. [Prob. of imitative origin.]

1. A stringled instrument, lutelike in shape, in which the sound is produced by the friction of a wheel turned by a crank at the end, instead of by a bow, two of the strings being tuned as drones, while two or more, tuned in unison, are modulated by keys.

2. In California, a water wheel with radial buckets, driven by the impact of a jet.

Hurkaru

Hur*ka"ru (?), n. [Hind. hark\'bera] In India, a running footman; a messenger. [Written also hurkaroo.]

Hurl

Hurl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurling.] [OE. hurlen, hourlen; prob. contracted fr. OE. hurtlen to hurtle, or probably akin to E. whirl. &root;16. See Hurtle.]

1. To send whirling or whizzing through the air; to throw with violence; to drive with great force; as, to hurl a stone or lance.

And hurl'd them headlong to their fleet and main. Pope.

2. To emit or utter with vehemence or impetuosity; as, to hurl charges or invective. Spenser.

3. [Cf. Whirl.] To twist or turn. "Hurled or crooked feet." [Obs.] Fuller.

Hurl

Hurl, v. i.

1. To hurl one's self; to go quickly. [R.]

2. To perform the act of hurling something; to throw something (at another).

God shall hurl at him and not spare. Job xxvii. 22 (Rev. Ver. ).

3. To play the game of hurling. See Hurling.

Hurl

Hurl, n.

1. The act of hurling or throwing with violence; a cast; a fling. Congreve.

2. Tumult; riot; hurly-burly. [Obs.] Knolles.

3. (Hat Manuf.) A table on which fiber is stirred and mixed by beating with a bowspring.

Hurlbat

Hurl"bat` (?), n. See Whirlbat. [Obs.] Holland.

Hurlbone

Hurl"bone` (?), n.

1. See Whirlbone.

2. (Far.) A bone near the middle of the buttock of a horse. Crabb.

Hurler

Hurl"er (?), n. One who hurls, or plays at hurling.

Hurling

Hurl"ing, n.

1. The act of throwing with force.

2. A kind of game at ball, formerly played.

Hurling taketh its denomination from throwing the ball. Carew.

Hurlwind

Hurl"wind` (?), n. A whirlwind. [Obs.] Sandys.

Hurly

Hur"ly (?), n. [Cf. F. hurler to howl.] Noise; confusion; uproar.
That, with the hurly, death itself awakes. Shak.

Hurly-burly

Hur"ly-bur`ly (?), n. [Reduplicated fr. OE. hurly confusion: cf. F. hurler to howl, yell, L. ululare; or cf. E. hurry.] Tumult; bustle; confusion. Shak.
All places were filled with tumult and hurly-burly. Knolles.

Huronian

Hu*ro"ni*an (?), a. [Named from Lake Huron.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to certain non-fossiliferous rocks on the borders of Lake Huron, which are supposed to correspond in time to the latter part of the Arch\'91an age.

Huron-Iroquous

Hu"ron-Ir`o*quous" (?), n. (Ethnol.) A linguistic group of warlike North American Indians, belonging to the same stock as the Algonquins, and including several tribes, among which were the Five Nations. They formerly occupied the region about Lakes Erie and Ontario, and the larger part of New York.

Hurons

Hu"rons (?), n. pl.; sing. Huron. (Ethnol.) A powerful and warlike tribe of North American Indians of the Algonquin stock. They formerly occupied the country between Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario, but were nearly exterminated by the Five Nations about 1650.

Hurr

Hurr (?), v. i. [See Hurry.] To make a rolling or burring sound. [Obs.]
R is the dog's letter, and hurreth in the sound. B. Jonson.

Hurrah Hurra

Hur*rah" Hur*ra" (?), interj. [Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. hurra. Cf. Huzza.] A word used as a shout of joy, triumph, applause, encouragement, or welcome.
Hurrah! hurrah! for Ivry and Henry of Navarre. Macaulay.

Hurrah

Hur*rah", n. A cheer; a shout of joy, etc. Hurrah's nest, state of utmost confusion. [Colloq. U.S.]
A perfect hurrah's nest in our kitchen. Mrs. Stowe.

Hurrah

Hur*rah" (?), v. i. To utter hurrahs; to huzza.

Hurrah

Hur*rah", v. t. To salute, or applaud, with hurrahs.

Hurricane

Hur"ri*cane (?), n. [Sp. hurracan; orig. a Carib word signifying, a high wind.] A violent storm, characterized by extreme fury and sudden changes of the wind, and generally accompanied by rain, thunder, and lightning; -- especially prevalent in the East and West Indies. Also used figuratively.
Like the smoke in a hurricane whirl'd. Tennyson.
Each guilty thought to me is A dreadful hurricane. Massinger.
Hurricane bird (Zo\'94l.), the frigate bird. -- Hurricane deck. (Naut.) See under Deck.

Hurricano

Hur`ri*ca"no (?), n.; pl. Hurricanoes (#). A waterspout; a hurricane. [Obs.] Drayton. "You cataracts and hurricanoes, spout." Shak.

Hurried

Hur"ried (?), a.

1. Urged on; hastened; going or working at speed; as, a hurried writer; a hurried life.

2. Done in a hurry; hence, imperfect; careless; as, a hurried job. "A hurried meeting." Milton. -- Hur"ried*ly, adv. -- Hur"ried*ness, n.

Hurrier

Hur"ri*er (?), n. One who hurries or urges.

Hurries

Hur"ries (?), n. A staith or framework from which coal is discharged from cars into vessels.

Hurry

Hur"ry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurrying.] [OE. horien; cf. OSw. hurra to whirl round, dial. Sw. hurr great haste, Dan. hurre to buzz, Icel. hurr hurly-burly, MHG. hurren to hurry, and E. hurr, whir to hurry; all prob. of imitative origin.]

1. To hasten; to impel to greater speed; to urge on.

Impetuous lust hurries him on. South.
They hurried him abroad a bark. Shak.

2. To impel to precipitate or thoughtless action; to urge to confused or irregular activity.

And wild amazement hurries up and down The little number of your doubtful friends. Shak.

3. To cause to be done quickly. Syn. -- To hasten; precipitate; expedite; quicken; accelerate; urge.

Hurry

Hur"ry, v. i. To move or act with haste; to proceed with celerity or precipitation; as, let us hurry. To hurry up, to make haste. [Colloq.]

Hurry

Hur"ry, n. The act of hurrying in motion or business; pressure; urgency; bustle; confusion.
Ambition raises a tumult in the soul, it inflames the mind, and puts into a violent hurry of thought. Addison.
Syn. -- Haste; speed; dispatch. See Haste.

Hurryingly

Hur"ry*ing*ly, adv. In a hurrying manner.

Hurry-skurry

Hur"ry-skur`ry (?), adv. [An imitative word; cf. Sw. skorra to rattle, snarl, E. scurry.] Confusedly; in a bustle. [Obs.] Gray.

Hurst

Hurst (?), n. [OE. hurst, AS. hyrst; akin to OHG. hurst, horst, wood, thicket, G. horst the nest of a bird of prey, an eyerie, thicket.] A wood or grove; -- a word used in the composition of many names, as in Hazlehurst.

Hurt

Hurt, n. (Mach.) (a) A band on a trip-hammer helve, bearing the trunnions. (b) A husk. See Husk, 2.

Hurt

Hurt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hurt (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurting.] [OE. hurten, hirten, horten, herten; prob. fr. OF. hurter, heurter, to knock, thrust, strike, F. heurter; cf. W. hyrddu to push, drive, assault, hwrdd a stroke, blow, push; also, a ram, the orig. sense of the verb thus perhaps being, to butt as a ram; cf. D. horten to push, strike, MHG. hurten, both prob. fr. Old French.]

1. To cause physical pain to; to do bodily harm to; to wound or bruise painfully.

The hurt lion groans within his den. Dryden.

2. To impar the value, usefulness, beauty, or pleasure of; to damage; to injure; to harm.

Virtue may be assailed, but never hurt. Milton.

3. To wound the feelings of; to cause mental pain to; to offend in honor or self-respect; to annoy; to grieve. "I am angry and hurt." Thackeray.

Hurter

Hurt"er, n.

1. A bodily injury causing pain; a wound, bruise, or the like.

The pains of sickness and hurts . . . all men feel. Locke.

2. An injury causing pain of mind or conscience; a slight; a stain; as of sin.

But the jingling of the guinea helps the hurt that Honor feels. Tennyson.

3. Injury; damage; detriment; harm; mischief.

Thou dost me yet but little hurt. Shak.
Syn. -- Wound; bruise; injury; harm; damage; loss; detriment; mischief; bane; disadvantage.

Hurter

Hurt"er (?), n. One who hurts or does harm.
I shall not be a hurter, if no helper. Beau. & Fl.

Hurter

Hurt"er, n. [F. heurtoir, lit., a striker. See Hurt, v. t.] A butting piece; a strengthening piece, esp.: (Mil.) A piece of wood at the lower end of a platform, designed to prevent the wheels of gun carriages from injuring the parapet.

Hurtful

Hurt"ful (?), a. Tending to impair or damage; injurious; mischievous; occasioning loss or injury; as, hurtful words or conduct. Syn. -- Pernicious; harmful; baneful; prejudicial; detrimental; disadvantageous; mischievous; injurious; noxious; unwholesome; destructive. -- Hurt"ful*ly, adv. -- Hurt"ful*ness, n.

Hurtle

Hur"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hurtled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hurtling (?).] [OE. hurtlen, freq. of hurten. See Hurt, v. t., and cf. Hurl.]

1. To meet with violence or shock; to clash; to jostle.

Together hurtled both their steeds. Fairfax.

2. To move rapidly; to wheel or rush suddenly or with violence; to whirl round rapidly; to skirmish.

Now hurtling round, advantage for to take. Spenser.
Down the hurtling cataract of the ages. R. L. Stevenson.

3. To make a threatening sound, like the clash of arms; to make a sound as of confused clashing or confusion; to resound.

The noise of battle hurtled in the air. Shak.
The earthquake sound Hurtling 'death the solid ground. Mrs. Browning.

Hurtle

Hur"tle (?), v. t.

1. To move with violence or impetuosity; to whirl; to brandish. [Obs.]

His harmful club he gan to hurtle high. Spenser.

2. To push; to jostle; to hurl.

And he hurtleth with his horse adown. Chaucer.

Hurtleberry

Hur"tle*ber`ry (?), n. [Cf. Huckleberry, Whortleberry.] See Whortleberry.

Hurtless

Hurt"less (?), a. Doing no injury; harmless; also, unhurt; without injury or harm.
Gentle dame so hurtless and so true. Spenser.
-- Hurt"less*ly, adv. -- Hurt"less*ness, n.

Husband

Hus"band (?), n. [OE. hosebonde, husbonde, a husband, the master of the house or family, AS. h master of the house; h house + bunda, bonda, householder, husband; prob. fr. Icel. h house master, husband; h house + b dwelling, inhabiting, p.pr. of b to dwell; akin to AS. b, Goth. bauan. See House Be, and cf. Bond a slave, Boor.]

1. The male head of a household; one who orders the economy of a family. [Obs.]

2. A cultivator; a tiller; a husbandman. [Obs.] Shak.

The painful husband, plowing up his ground. Hakewill.
He is the neatest husband for curious ordering his domestic and field accommodations. Evelyn.

3. One who manages or directs with prudence and economy; a frugal person; an economist. [R.]

God knows how little time is left me, and may I be a good husband, to improve the short remnant left me. Fuller.

4. A married man; a man who has a wife; -- the correlative to wife.

The husband and wife are one person in law. Blackstone.

5. The male of a pair of animals. [R.] Dryden. A ship's husband (Naut.), an agent representing the owners of a ship, who manages its expenses and receipts.

Husband

Hus"band, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Husbanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Husbanding.]

1. To direct and manage with frugality; to use or employ to good purpose and the best advantage; to spend, apply, or use, with economy.

For my means, I'll husband them so well, They shall go far. Shak.

2. To cultivate, as land; to till. [R.]

Land so trim and rarely husbanded. Evelyn.

3. To furnish with a husband. [R.] Shak.

Husbandable

Hus"band*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being husbanded, or managed with economy. Sherwood.

Husbandage

Hus"band*age (?), n. (Naut.) The commission or compensation allowed to a ship's husband.

Husbandless

Hus"band*less, a. Destitute of a husband. Shak.

Husbandly

Hus"band*ly, a. Frugal; thrifty. [R.] Tusser.

Husbandman

Hus"band*man (?), n.; pl. Husbandmen (.

1. The master of a family. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of the ground.

Husbandry

Hus"band*ry (?), n.

1. Care of domestic affairs; economy; domestic management; thrift.

There's husbandry in heaven; Their candles are all out. Shak.

2. The business of a husbandman, comprehending the various branches of agriculture; farming.

Husbandry supplieth all things necessary for food. Spenser.

Hush

Hush (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hushing.] [OE. huschen, hussen, prob. of imitative origin; cf. LG. hussen to lull to sleep, G. husch quick, make haste, be silent.]

1. To still; to silence; to calm; to make quiet; to repress the noise or clamor of.

My tongue shall hush again this storm of war. Shak.

2. To appease; to allay; to calm; to soothe.

With thou, then, Hush my cares? Otway.
And hush'd my deepest grief of all. Tennyson.
To hush up, to procure silence concerning; to suppress; to keep secret. "This matter is hushed up." Pope.

Hush

Hush, v. i. To become or to keep still or quiet; to become silent; -- esp. used in the imperative, as an exclamation; be still; be silent or quiet; make no noise.
Hush, idle words, and thoughts of ill. Keble.
But all these strangers' presence every one did hush. Spenser.

Hush

Hush, n. Stillness; silence; quiet. [R.] "It is the hush of night." Byron. Hush money, money paid to secure silence, or to prevent the disclosure of facts. Swift.

Hush

Hush, a. Silent; quiet. "Hush as death." Shak.

Husher

Hush"er (?), n. An usher. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hushing

Hush"ing, n. (Mining) The process of washing ore, or of uncovering mineral veins, by a heavy discharge of water from a reservoir; flushing; -- also called booming.

Husk

Husk (?), n. [Prob. for hulsk, and from the same root as hull a husk. See Hull a husk.]

1. The external covering or envelope of certain fruits or seeds; glume; hull; rind; in the United States, especially applied to the covering of the ears of maize.

2. The supporting frame of a run of millstones. Husks of the prodigal son (Bot.), the pods of the carob tree. See Carob.

Husk

Husk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Husked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Husking.] To strip off the external covering or envelope of; as, to husk Indian corn.

Husked

Husked (?), a.

1. Covered with a husk.

2. Stripped of husks; deprived of husks.

Huskily

Hus"ki*ly (?), adv. [From Husky.] In a husky manner; dryly.

Huskiness

Hus"ki*ness, n.

1. The state of being husky.

2. Roughness of sound; harshness; hoarseness; as, huskiness of voice. G. Eliot.


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Husking

Husk"ing (?), n.

1. The act or process of stripping off husks, as from Indian corn.

2. A meeting of neighbors or friends to assist in husking maize; -- called also husking bee. [U.S.] "A red ear in the husking." Longfellow.

Husky

Husk"y (?), a. [From Husk, n.] Abounding with husks; consisting of husks. Dryden.

Husky

Hus"ky (?), a. [Prob. for husty; cf. OE. host cough, AS. hw\'d3sta; akin to D. hoest, G. husten, OHG. huosto, Icel. h\'d3sti. See Wheeze.] Rough in tone; harsh; hoarse; raucous; as, a husky voice.

Huso

Hu"so (?), n. [NL., fr. G. hausen, and E. isin (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large European sturgeon (Acipenser huso), inhabiting the region of the Black and Caspian Seas. It sometimes attains a length of more than twelve feet, and a weight of two thousand pounds. Called also hausen.<-- = the beluga, source of the best caviar --> (b) The huchen, a large salmon.

Hussar

Hus*sar" (?), n. [Hung. husz\'a0r, from husz twenty, because under King Matthais I., in the fifteenth century, every twenty houses were to furnish one horse soldier; cf. G. husar, F. houssard, hussard, from the same source.] (Mil.) Originally, one of the national cavalry of Hungary and Croatia; now, one of the light cavalry of European armies.

Hussite

Huss"ite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of John Huss, the Bohemian reformer, who was adjudged a heretic and burnt alive in 1415.

Hussy

Hus"sy (?), n. [Contr. fr. huswife.]

1. A housewife or housekeeper. [Obs.]

2. A worthless woman or girl; a forward wench; a jade; -- used as a term of contempt or reproach. Grew.

3. A pert girl; a frolicsome or sportive young woman; -- used jocosely. Goldsmith.

Hussy

Hus"sy, n. [From Icel. h a case, prob. fr. h house. See House, and cf. Housewife a bag, Huswife a bag.] A case or bag. See Housewife, 2.

Hustings

Hus"tings (?), n. pl. [OE. husting an assembly, coucil, AS. h; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. h; h home + thing, assembly, meeting; akin to Dan. & Sw. ting, E. thing. See House, and Thing.]

1. A court formerly held in several cities of England; specif., a court held in London, before the lord mayor, recorder, and sheriffs, to determine certain classes of suits for the recovery of lands within the city. In the progress of law reform this court has become unimportant. Mozley & W.

2. Any one of the temporary courts held for the election of members of the British Parliament.

3. The platform on which candidates for Parliament formerly stood in addressing the electors. [Eng.]

When the rotten hustings shake In another month to his brazen lies. Tennyson.

Hustle

Hus"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hustled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hustling (?).] [D. hustelen to shake, fr. husten to shake. Cf. Hotchpotch.] To shake together in confusion; to push, jostle, or crowd rudely; to handle roughly; as, to hustle a person out of a room. Macaulay.

Hustle

Hus"tle, v. i. To push or crows; to force one's way; to move hustily and with confusion; a hurry.
Leaving the king, who had hustled along the floor with his dress worfully arrayed. Sir W. Scott.

Huswife

Hus"wife (?), n. [OE. huswif; hus house + wif wife. Cf. Hussy a housewife, Housewife.] [Written also housewife.]

1. A female housekeeper; a woman who manages domestic affairs; a thirfty woman. "The bounteous huswife Nature." Shak.

The huswife is she that do labor doth fall. Tusser.

2. A worthless woman; a hussy. [Obs.] Shak.

3. [See Hussy a bag.] A case for sewing materials. See Housewife. Cowper.

Huswife

Hus"wife, v. t. To manage with frugality; -- said of a woman. Dryden.

Huswifely

Hus"wife*ly, a. Like a huswife; capable; economical; prudent. -- adv. In a huswifely manner.

Huswifery

Hus"wife*ry (?), n. The business of a housewife; female domestic economy and skill. Tusser.

Hut

Hut (?), n. [OE. hotte; akin to D. hut, G. h\'81tte, OHG. hutta, Dan. hytte, Sw. hydda; and F. hutte, of G. origin; all akin to E. hide to conceal. See Hude to conceal.] A small house, hivel, or cabin; a mean lodge or dwelling; a slightly built or temporary structure.
Death comes on with equal footsteps To the hall and hut. Bp. Coxe.

Hutch

Hutch (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Hutted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hutting.] To place in huts; to live in huts; as, to hut troops in winter quarters.
The troops hutted among the heights of Morristown. W. Irving.

Hutch

Hutch (?), n. [OE. hucche, huche, hoche, F. huche, LL. hutica.]

1. A chest, box, coffer, bin, coop, or the like, in which things may be stored, or animals kept; as, a grain hutch; a rabbit hutch.

2. A measure of two Winchester bushels.

3. (Mining) The case of a flour bolt.

4. (Mining) (a) A car on low wheels, in which coal is drawn in the mine and hoisted out of the pit. (b) A jig for washing ore. Bolting hutch, Booby hutch, etc. See under Bolting, etc.

Hutch

Hutch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hutched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hutching.]

1. To hoard or lay up, in a chest. [R.] "She hutched the . . . ore." Milton.

2. (Mining) To wash (ore) in a box or jig.

Hutchunsonian

Hutch`un*so"ni*an (?), n. A follower of John Hutchinson of Yorkshire, England, who believed that the Hebrew Scriptures contained a complete system of natural science and of theology.

Huttonian

Hut*to"ni*an (?), a. Relating to what is now called the Plutonic theory of the earth, first advanced by Dr. James Hutton. Lyell.

Huxter

Hux"ter (?), n. & v. i. See Huckster.

Huyghenian

Huy*ghe"ni*an (?), a. Pertaining to, or invented by, Christian Huyghens, a Dutch astronomer of the seventeenth century; as, the Huyghenian telescope. Huyghenian eyepieceSee under Eyepiece.

Huzz

Huzz (?), v. i. [An onomatop\'d2a. &root;43. Cf. Buzz.] To buzz; to murmur. [Obs.]
Huzzing and burring in the preacher's ear. Latimer.

Huzza

Huz*za" (?), interj. [Cf. G. hussa, husa, interj., hurrah, huzza. &root;43. Cf. Hurrah.] A word used as a shout of joy, exultation, approbation, or encouragement.

Huzza

Huz"za, n. A shout of huzza; a cheer; a hurrah.
They made a great huzza or shout. Evelyn.

Huzza

Huz*za", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Huzzaed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Huzzaing.] To shout huzza; to cheer.

Huzza

Huz*za", v. t. To receive or attend with huzzas.
He was huzzaed into the court. Addison.

Hy

Hy (?), a. High. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hyacine

Hy"a*cine (?), n. A hyacinth. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hyacinth

Hy"a*cinth (?), n. [L. hyacinthus a kind of flower, prob. the iris, gladiolus, or larkspur, also a kind of gem, perh. the sapphire; as, a proper name, Hyacinthus, a beautiful Laconian youth, beloved by Apollo, fr. Gr. hyacinthe. Cf. Jacinth. The hyacinth was fabled to have sprung from the blood of Hyacinthus, who was accidentally slain by Apollo.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A bulbous plant of the genus Hyacinthus, bearing beautiful spikes of fragrant flowers. H. orientalis is a common variety. (b) A plant of the genus Camassia (C. Farseri), called also Eastern camass; wild hyacinth. (c) The name also given to Scilla Peruviana, a Mediterranean plant, one variety of which produces white, and another blue, flowers; -- called also, from a mistake as to its origin, Hyacinth of Peru.

2. (Min.) A red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem. See Zircon. Hyacinth bean (Bot.), a climbing leguminous plant (Dolichos Lablab), related to the true bean. It has dark purple flowers and fruit.

Hyacinthian

Hy`a*cin"thi*an (?), a. Hyacinthine. [R.]

Hyacinthine

Hy`a*cin"thine (?), a. [L. hyacinthinus, Gr. Belonging to the hyacinth; resemblingthe hyacinth; in color like the hyacinth. Milton.
His curling locks like hyacinthine flowers. Cowper.
The hyacinthine boy, for whom Morn well might break and April bloom. Emerson.

Hyades, Hyads

Hy"a*des (?), Hy"ads (?), n.pl. [L. Hyades, Gr. (Astron.) A cluster of five stars in the face of the constellation Taurus, supposed by the ancients to indicate the coming of rainy weather when they rose with the sun.
Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyaned Vext the dim sea. Tennyson.

Hy\'91na

Hy*\'91"na (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Hyena.

Hyalea

Hy*a"le*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A pteroid of the genus Cavolina. See Pteropoda, and Illustration in Appendix.

Hyalescence

Hy`a*les"cence (?), n. [See Hyaline.] The process of becoming, or the state of being, transparent like glass.

Hyaline

Hy"a*line (?), a. [L. hyalinus, Gr. hyalin.] Glassy; resembling glass; consisting of glass; transparent, like crystal. "Hyaline spaces." Carpenter.

Hyaline

Hy"a*line, n.

1. A poetic term for the sea or the atmosphere. "The clear hyaline, the glassy sea." Milton.

Our blood runs amazed 'neath the calm hyaline. Mrs. Browning.

2. (Biol.) The pellucid substance, present in cells in process of development, from which, according to some embryologists, the cell nucleous originates.

3. (Physiol. Chem.) The main constituent of the walls of hydatid cysts; a nitrogenous body, which, by decomposition, yields a dextrogyrate sugar, susceptible of alcoholic fermentation. Gamgee.

Hyalite

Hy"a*lite (?), n. [Gr. hyalite.] (Min.) A pellucid variety of opal in globules looking like colorless gum or resin; -- called also M\'81ller's glass.

Hyalograph

Hy*al"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. graph.] An instrument for tracing designs on glass.

Hyalography

Hy`a*log"ra*phy (?), n. Art of writing or engraving on glass.

Hyaloid

Hy"a*loid (?), a. [Gr. hyalo\'8bde.] (Anat.) Resembling glass; vitriform; transparent; hyaline; as, the hyaloid membrane, a very delicate membrane inclosing the vitreous humor of the eye.

Hyalonema

Hy`a*lo*ne"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of hexactinelline sponges, having a long stem composed of very long, slender, transparent, siliceous fibres twisted together like the strands of a color. The stem of the Japanese species (H. Sieboldii), called glass-rope, has long been in use as an ornament. See Glass-rope.

Hyalophane

Hy*al"o*phane (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A species of the feldspar group containing barium. See Feldspar.

Hyalospongia

Hy`a*lo*spon"gi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of vitreous sponges, having glassy six-rayed, siliceous spicules; -- called also Hexactinellin\'91.

Hyalotype

Hy*al"o*type (?), n. [Gr. -type.] A photographic picture copied from the negative on glass; a photographic transparency. R. Hunt.

Hybernacle, Hybernate, Hybernation

Hy*ber"na*cle (?), Hy"ber*nate (?), Hy`ber*na"tion (?).See Hibernacle, Hibernate, Hibernation.

Hybl\'91an

Hy*bl\'91"an (?), a. [L. Hyblaeus.] Pertaining to Hybla, an ancient town of Sicily, famous for its bees.

Hybodont

Hyb"o*dont (?), a. [Gr. (Paleon.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an extinct genus of sharks (Hybodus), especially in the form of the teeth, which consist of a principal median cone with smaller lateral ones.

Hybodus

Hyb"o*dus (?), n. [NL. See Hybodont.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of sharks having conical, compressed teeth.

Hybrid

Hy"brid (?), n. [L. hybrida, hibrida, prob. allied to Gr. over: cf. F. hybride.] (Biol.) The offspring of the union of two distinct species; an animal or plant produced from the mixture of two species. See Mongrel.

Hybrid

Hy"brid, a. Produced from the mixture of two species; as, plants of hybrid nature.

Hybridism

Hy"brid*ism (?), n. The state or quality of being hybrid.

Hybridist

Hy"brid*ist, n. One who hybridizes.

Hybridity

Hy*brid"i*ty (?), n. Hybridism.

Hybridizable

Hy"brid*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable of forming a hybrid, or of being subjected to a hybridizing process; capable of producing a hybrid by union with another species or stock.
Hybridizable genera are rarer than is generally supposed, even in gardens where they are so often operated upon, under circumstances most favorable to the production of hybrids. J. D. Hooker.

Hybridization

Hy`brid*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of hybridizing, or the state of being hybridized.

Hybridize

Hy"brid*i`ze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hybridized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hybridizing (?).] To render hybrid; to produce by mixture of stocks.

Hybridizer

Hy"brid*i`zer (?), n. One who hybridizes.

Hybridous

Hy"brid*ous (?), a. Same as Hybrid.

Hydage

Hyd"age (?), n. (Law) A land tax. See Hidage.

Hydantoic

Hy`dan*to"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hydantoin. See Glycoluric.

Hydantoin

Hy*dan"to*in (?), n. [Hydrogen + allantion.] (Chem.) A derivative of urea, C3H4N2O2, obtained from allantion, as a white, crystalline substance, with a sweetish taste; -- called also glycolyl urea.

Hydatid

Hy"da*tid (?), n. [Gr. "y`dwr, "y`datos, water: cf. F. hydatide.] (Zo\'94l.) A membranous sac or bladder filled with a pellucid fluid, found in various parts of the bodies of animals, but unconnected with the tissues. It is usually formed by parasitic worms, esp. by larval tapeworms, as Echinococcus and C\'d2nurus. See these words in the Vocabulary. Hydatid of Morgagni (Anat.), one of the small pedunculated bodies found between the testicle and the head of the epididymis, and supposed to be a remnant of the M\'81llerian duct.

Hydatiform

Hy*dat"i*form (?), a. [Hydatid + -form.] Resembling a hydatid.

Hydatoid

Hy"da*toid (?), a. [Gr. "y`dwr, "y`datos, water + -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling water; watery; aqueous; hyaloid.

Hydr-

Hy"dr- (?). See under Hydro-.

Hydra

Hy"dra (?), n.; pl. E. Hydras (#), L. Hydr\'91 (#). [L. hydra, Gr. "y`dra; akin to "y`dwr water. See Otter the animal, Water.]

1. (Class. Myth.) A serpent or monster in the lake or marsh of Lerna, in the Peloponnesus, represented as having many heads, one of which, when cut off, was immediately succeeded by two others, unless the wound was cauterized. It was slain by Hercules. Hence, a terrible monster.

Gorgons, and Hydras, and Chimeras dire. Milton.

2. Hence: A multifarious evil, or an evil having many sources; not to be overcome by a single effort.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Any small fresh-water hydroid of the genus Hydra, usually found attached to sticks, stones, etc., by a basal sucker. &hand; The body is a simple tube, having a mouth at one extremity, surrounded by a circle of tentacles with which it captures its prey. Young hydras bud out from the sides of the older ones, but soon become detached and are then like their parent. Hydras are remarkable for their power of repairing injuries; for if the body be divided in pieces, each piece will grow into a complete hydra, to which fact the name alludes. The zooids or hydranths of marine hydroids are sometimes called hydras.

4. (Astron.) A southern constellation of great length lying southerly from Cancer, Leo, and Virgo.

Hydrachnid

Hy*drach"nid (?), n. [Hydr- + arachnid.] (Zo\'94l.) An aquatic mite of the genus Hydrachna. The hydrachids, while young, are parasitic on fresh-water mussels.

Hydracid

Hy*drac"id (?), n. [Hydr- + acid: cf. F. hydracide.] (Chem.) An acid containing hydrogen; -- sometimes applied to distinguish acids like hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and the like, which contain no oxygen, from the oxygen acids or oxacids. See Acid.

Hydracrylic

Hy`dra*cryl"ic (?), a. [Hydr- + acrylic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric variety of lastic acid that breaks down into acrylic acid and water.

Hydractinian

Hy`drac*tin"i*an (?), n. [See Hydra, and Actinia.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species or marine hydroids, of the genus Hydractinia and allied genera. These hydroids form, by their rootstalks, a firm, chitinous coating on shells and stones, and esp. on spiral shells occupied by hermit crabs. See Illust. of Athecata.
Page 716

Hydr\'91mia

Hy*dr\'91"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.) An abnormally watery state of the blood; an\'91mia.

Hydragogue

Hy"dra*gogue (?), a. [L. hydragogus conveying off water, Gr. "y`dwr water + hydragogue.] (Med.) Causing a discharge of water; expelling serum effused into any part of the body, as in dropsy. -- n. A hydragogue medicine, usually a cathartic or diuretic.

Hydramide

Hy*dram"ide (?), n. [Hydr- + -amide.] (Chem.) One of a group of crystalline bodies produced by the action of ammonia on certain aldehydes.

Hydramine

Hy*dram"ine (?), n. [Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.) One of a series of artificial, organic bases, usually produced as thick viscous liquids by the action of ammonia on ethylene oxide. They have the properties both of alcohol and amines.

Hydrangea

Hy*dran"ge*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + hydrang\'82e.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubby plants bearing opposite leaves and large heads of showy flowers, white, or of various colors. H. hortensis, the common garden species, is a native of China or Japan.

Hydrant

Hy"drant (?), n. [Gr. "y`dwr water. See Hydra.] A discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which water may be drawn from the mains of waterworks; a water plug.

Hydranth

Hy"dranth (?), n. [Hydra + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the nutritive zooids of a hydroid colony. Also applied to the proboscis or manubrium of a hydroid medusa. See Illust. of Hydroidea.

Hydrargochloride

Hy*drar"go*chlo"ride (?), n. [Hydrargyrum + chloride.] (Chem.) A compound of the bichloride of mercury with another chloride. [Obs.]

Hydrargyrate

Hy*drar"gy*rate (?), a. Of or pertaining to mercury; containing, or impregnated with, mercury. [R.]

Hydrargyrism

Hy*drar"gy*rism (?), n. (Med.) A diseased condition produced by poisoning with hydrargyrum, or mercury; mercurialism.

Hydrargyrum

Hy*drar"gy*rum (?), n. [NL., fr. L. hydrargyrus, Gr. (Chem.) Quicksilver; mercury.

Hydrarthrosis

Hy`drar*thro"sis (?), n. [NL. See Hydro-, 1, and Arthrosis.] (Med.) An effusion of watery liquid into the cavity of a joint.

Hydrastine

Hy*dras"tine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid, found in the rootstock of the golden seal (Hydrastis Canadensis), and extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance. It is used as a tonic and febrifuge.

Hydra-tainted

Hy"dra-taint`ed (?), a. Dipped in the gall of the fabulous hydra; poisonous; deadly. Cowper.

Hydrate

Hy"drate (?), n. [Gr. "y`dwr water: cf. F. hydrate.] (Chem.) (a) A compound formed by the union of water with some other substance, generally forming a neutral body, as certain crystallized salts. (b) A substance which does not contain water as such, but has its constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that water may be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound with, hydroxyl; hydroxide; as, ethyl hydrate, or common alcohol; calcium hydrate, or slaked lime.

Hydrate

Hy"drate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrating (?).] To form into a hydrate; to combine with water.

Hydrated

Hy"dra*ted (?), a. Formed into a hydrate; combined with water.

Hydration

Hy*dra"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act of becoming, or state of being, a hydrate. Water of hydration (Chem.), water chemically combined with some substance to form a hydrate; -- distinguished from water of crystallization.

Hydraulic

Hy*drau"lic (?), a. [F. hydraulique, L. hydraulicus, fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + Hydra.] Of or pertaining to hydraulics, or to fluids in motion; conveying, or acting by, water; as, an hydraulic clock, crane, or dock. Hydraulic accumulator, an accumulator for hydraulic machinery of any kind. See Accumulator, 2. -- Hydraulic brake, a cataract. See Cataract, 3. -- Hydraulic cement, a cement or mortar made of hydraulic lime, which will harden under water. -- Hydraulic elevator, a lift operated by the weight or pressure of water. -- Hydraulic jack. See under Jack. -- Hydraulic lime, quicklime obtained from hydraulic limestone, and used for cementing under water, etc. -- Hydraulic limestone, a limestone which contains some clay, and which yields a quicklime that will set, or form a firm, strong mass, under water. -- Hydraulic main (Gas Works), a horizontal pipe containing water at the bottom into which the ends of the pipes from the retorts dip, for passing the gas through water in order to remove ammonia. -- Hydraulic mining, a system of mining in which the force of a jet of water is used to wash down a bank of gold-bearing gravel or earth. [Pacific Coast] -- Hydraulic press, a hydrostatic press. See under Hydrostatic. -- Hydraulic propeller, a device for propelling ships by means of a stream of water ejected under water rearward from the ship. -- Hydraulic ram, a machine for raising water by means of the energy of the moving water of which a portion is to be raised. When the rush of water through the main pipe d shuts the valve at a, the momentum of the current thus suddenly checked forces part of it into the air chamber b, and up the pipe c, its return being prevented by a valve at the entrance to the air chamber, while the dropping of the valve a by its own weight allows another rush through the main pipe, and so on alternately. -- Hydraulic valve. (Mach.) (a) A valve for regulating the distribution of water in the cylinders of hydraulic elevators, cranes, etc. (b) (Gas Works) An inverted cup with a partition dipping into water, for opening or closing communication between two gas mains, the open ends of which protrude about the water.

Hydraulical

Hy*drau"lic*al (?), a. Hydraulic.

Hydraulicon

Hy*drau"li*con (?), n. [NL. See Hydraulic.] (Mus.) An ancient musical instrument played by the action of water; a water organ. [Written also hydraulis.]

Hydraulics

Hy*drau"lics (?), n. [Cf. F. hydraulique.] That branch of science, or of engineering, which treats of fluids in motion, especially of water, its action in rivers and canals, the works and machinery for conducting or raising it, its use as a prime mover, and the like. &hand; As a science, hydraulics includes hydrodynamics, or the principles of mechanics applicable to the motion of water; as a branch of engineering, it consists in the practical application of the mechanics of fluids to the control and management of water with reference to the wants of man, including canals, waterworks, hydraulic machines, pumps, water wheels, etc. Some writers treat hydraulics and hydrostatics as subdivisions of hydrodynamics.

Hydrazine

Hy"dra*zine (?), n. [Hydr- + azo- + -ine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of nitrogenous bases, resembling the amines and produced by the reduction of certain nitroso and diazo compounds; as, methyl hydrazine, phenyl hydrazine, etc. They are derivatives of hydrazine proper, H2N.NH2, which is a doubled amido group, recently (1887) isolated as a stable, colorless gas, with a peculiar, irritating odor. As a base it forms distinct salts. Called also diamide, amidogen, (or more properly diamidogen), etc.

Hydrencephsloid

Hy"dren*ceph"s*loid (?), a. [Hydrencephalus + -oid.] (Med.) Same as Hydrocephaloid.

Hydria

Hy"dri*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A water jar; esp., one with a large rounded body, a small neck, and three handles. Some of the most beautiful Greek vases are of this form.

Hydriad

Hy"dri*ad (?), n. [Gr. "y`dwr water.] (Myth.) A water nymph.

Hydric

Hy"dric (?), a. [From Hydrogen.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen; as, hydric oxide. Hydric dioxide. (Chem.) See Hydrogen dioxide, under Hydrogen. -- Hydric oxide (Chem.), water. -- Hydric sulphate (Chem.), hydrogen sulphate or sulphuric acid.

Hydride

Hy"dride (?), n. [Hydr- + ide.] (Chem.) A compound of the binary type, in which hydrogen is united with some other element.<-- spec., with a more electropositive element --> <-- lithium hydride. A hydride of lithium, LiH, commonly used as a powerful reducing agent in organic chemistry -->

Hydriform

Hy"dri*form (?), a. [Hydra + -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the form or structure of a hydra.

Hydrina

Hy*dri"na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hydra.] (Zo\'94l.) The group of hydroids to which the fresh-water hydras belong.

Hydriodate

Hy*dri"o*date (?), n. [Cf. F. hydriodate.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Hydriodide.

Hydriodic

Hy`dri*od"ic (?), a. [Hydr- + iodic: cf. F. hydriodique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and iodine; -- said of an acid produced by the combination of these elements. Hydriodic acid (Chem.), a pungent, colorless gas, HI, usually prepared as a solution in water. It is strong reducing agent. Called also hydrogen iodine.

Hydriodide

Hy*dri"o*dide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydriodic acid with a base; -- distinguished from an iodide, in which only the iodine combines with the base.

Hydro-, Hydr-

Hy"dro- (?), Hy"dr-.

1. A combining form from Gr. Hydra).

2. (Chem.) A combining form of hydrogen, indicating hydrogen as an ingredient, as hydrochloric; or a reduction product obtained by hydrogen, as hydroquinone.

Hydrobarometer

Hy`dro*ba*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + barometer.] An instrument for determining the depth of the sea water by its pressure.

Hydrobilirubin

Hy`dro*bil`i*ru"bin (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + bilirubin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body formed from bilirubin, identical with urobilin.

Hydrobranchiata

Hy`dro*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Zo\'94l.) An extensive artificial division of gastropod mollusks, including those that breathe by gills, as contrasted with the Pulmonifera. -- Hy`dro*bran"chi*ate (#), a.

Hydrobromate

Hy`dro*bro"mate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrobromide.

Hydrobromic

Hy`dro*bro"mic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + bromic.] (Chem.) Composed of hydrogen and bromine; as, hydrobromic acid. Hydrobromic acid (Chem.), a colorless, pungent, corrosive gas, HBr, usually collected as a solution in water. It resembles hydrochloric acid, but is weaker and less stable. Called also hydrogen bromide.

Hydrobromide

Hy`dro*bro"mide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrobromic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a bromide, in which only the bromine unites with the base.<-- analogous to hydrochloride or hydriodide -->

Hydrocarbon

Hy`dro*car"bon (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + carbon.] (Chem.) A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also, by extension, any of their derivatives. Hydrocarbon burner, furnace, stove, a burner, furnace, or stove with which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used.

Hydrocarbonaceous

Hy`dro*car`bo*na"ceous (?), a. Of the nature, or containing, hydrocarbons.

Hydrocarbonate

Hy`dro*car"bon*ate (?), n. (a) (Old Chem.) A hydrocarbon. [Obs.] (b) (Chem.) A hydrous carbonate, as malachite.

Hydrocarbostyril

Hy`dro*car`bo*sty"ril (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + carbostyril.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous hydrocarbon, C9H9NO, obtained from certain derivatives of cinnamic acid and closely related to quinoline and carbostyril.

Hydrocarburet

Hy`dro*car"bu*ret (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + carburet.] (Chem.) Carbureted hydrogen; also, a hydrocarbon. [Obs.]

Hydrocaulus

Hy`dro*cau"lus (?), n.; pl. Hydrocauli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Zo\'94l.) The hollow stem of a hydroid, either simple or branched. See Illust. of Gymnoblastea and Hydroidea.

Hydrocele

Hy`dro*cele (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.) A collection of serous fluid in the areolar texture of the scrotum or in the coverings, especially in the serous sac, investing the testicle or the spermatic cord; dropsy of the testicle.

Hydrocephalic

Hy`dro*ce*phal"ic (?), a. Relating to, or connected with, hydrocephalus, or dropsy of the brain.

Hydrocephaloid

Hy`dro*ceph"a*loid (?), a. [Hydrocephalus + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling hydrocephalus. Hydrocephaloid affection (Med.), the group of symptoms which follow exhausting diarrhea in young children, resembling those of acute hydrocephalus, or tubercular meningitis.

Hydrocephalous

Hy`dro*ceph"a*lous (?), a. Having hydrocephalus. "Hydrocephalous offspring." G. Eliot.

Hydrocephalus

Hy`dro*ceph"a*lus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.) An accumulation of liquid within the cavity of the cranium, especially within the ventricles of the brain; dropsy of the brain. It is due usually to tubercular meningitis. When it occurs in infancy, it often enlarges the head enormously.

Hydrochlorate

Hy`dro*chlo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrochloride.

Hydrochloric

Hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + hloric: cf. F. hydrochlorique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or compounded of, chlorine and hydrogen gas; as, hydrochloric acid; chlorhydric. Hydrochloric acid (Chem.), hydrogen chloride; a colorless, corrosive gas, HCl, of pungent, suffocating odor. It is made in great quantities in the soda process, by the action of sulphuric acid on common salt. It has a great affinity for water, and the commercial article is a strong solution of the gas in water. It is a typical acid, and is an indispensable agent in commercial and general chemical work. Called also muriatic, ∧ chlorhydric, acid.

Hydrochloride

Hy`dro*chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrochloric acid with a base; -- distinguished from a chloride, where only chlorine unites with the base.

Hydrocorallia

Hy`dro*co*ral"li*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hydra, and Coral.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Hydroidea, including those genera that secrete a stony coral, as Millepora and Stylaster. Two forms of zooids in life project from small pores in the coral and resemble those of other hydroids. See Millepora.

Hydrocyanate

Hy`dro*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) See Hydrocyanide.

Hydrocyanic

Hy`dro*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + anic: cf. F. hydrocyanique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from the combination of, hydrogen and cyanogen. Hydrocyanic acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HCN, having a characteristic peach-blossom odor. It is one of the most deadly poisons. It is made by the action of sulphuric acid on yellow prussiate of potassium (potassium ferrocyanide), and chemically resembles hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids. Called also prussic acid, hydrogen cyanide, etc.

Hydrocyanide

Hy`dro*cy"a*nide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrocyanic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a cyanide, in which only the cyanogen so combines.

Hydrodynamic, Hydrodynamical

Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic (?), Hy`dro*dy*nam"ic*al (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + dynamic, -ical: cf. F. hydrodynamique.] Pertaining to, or derived from, the dynamical action of water of a liquid; of or pertaining to water power. Hydrodynamic friction, friction produced by the viscosity of a liquid in motion.

Hydrodynamics

Hy`dro*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + dynamics: cf. F. hydrodynamique.] That branch of the science of mechanics which relates to fluids, or, as usually limited, which treats of the laws of motion and action of nonelastic fluids, whether as investigated mathematically, or by observation and experiment; the principles of dynamics, as applied to water and other fluids. &hand; The word is sometimes used as a general term, including both hydrostatics and hydraulics, together with pneumatics and acoustics. See Hydraulics.

Hydrodynamometer

Hy`dro*dy`na*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + dynamometer.] An instrument to measure the velocity of a liquid current by the force of its impact.

Hydro-electric

Hy`dro-e*lec"tric (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + electric.] Pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is used. Hydro-electric machine (Physics), an apparatus invented by Sir William Armstrong of England for generating electricity by the escape of high-pressure steam from a series of jets connected with a strong boiler, in which the steam is produced.

Hydro-extractor

Hy`dro-ex*tract"or (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + extractor.] An apparatus for drying anything, as yarn, cloth, sugar, etc., by centrifugal force; a centrifugal.

Hydroferricyanic

Hy`dro*fer`ri*cy*an"ic (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + ferricyanic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferric iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferricyanic acid. See Ferricyanic.

Hydroferrocyanic

Hy`dro*fer`ro*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + ferrocyanic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferrous iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferrocyanic acid. See Ferrocyanic.

Hydrofluate

Hy`dro*flu"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A supposed compound of hydrofluoris acid and a base; a fluoride. [Archaic]

Hydrofluoric

Hy`dro*flu*or"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + fluoric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen and fluorine; fluohydric; as, hydrofluoric acid. Hydrofluoric acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HF, very corrosive in its action, and having a strong, pungent, suffocating odor. It is produced by the action of sulphuric acid on fluorite, and is usually collected as a solution in water. It attacks all silicates, as glass or porcelain, is the agent employed in etching glass, and is preserved only in vessels of platinum, lead, caoutchouc, or gutta-percha.
Page 717

Hydrofluosilicate

Hy`dro*flu`o*sil"i*cate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hydrofluosilic acid; a silicofluoride. See Silicofluoride.

Hydrofluosilicic

Hy`dro*flu`o*si*lic"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + fluorine + silicic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or denoting, a compound consisting of a double fluoride of hydrogen and silicon; silicofluoric. See Silicofluoric.

Hydrogalvanic

Hy`dro*gal*van"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + galvanic.] Pertaining to, produced by, or consisting of, electricity evolved by the action or use of fluids; as, hydrogalvanic currents. [R.]

Hydrogen

Hy"dro*gen (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -gen: cf. F. hydrog\'8ane. So called because water is generated by its combustion. See
Hydra.] (Chem.) A gaseous element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the lightest known substance, being fourteen and a half times lighter than air (hence its use in filling balloons), and over eleven thousand times lighter than water. It is very abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many other substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. It may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. It is very inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal gas and water gas. It is standard of chemical equivalents or combining weights, and also of valence, being the typical monad. Symbol H. Atomic weight 1.<-- At. wt. = 1.008 using carbon as 12.000 --> &hand; Although a gas, hydrogen is chemically similar to the metals in its nature, having the properties of a weak base. It is, in all acids, the base which is replaced by metals and basic radicals to form salts. Like all other gases, it is condensed by great cold and pressure to a liquid which freezes and solidifies by its own evaporation. It is absorbed in large quantities by certain metals (esp. palladium), forming alloy-like compounds; hence, in view of quasi-metallic nature, it is sometimes called hydrogenium. It is the typical reducing agent, as opposed to oxidizers, as oxygen, chlorine, etc. Bicarbureted hydrogen, an old name for ethylene. -- Carbureted hydrogen gas. See under Carbureted. -- Hydrogen dioxide, a thick, colorless liquid, H2O2, resembling water, but having a bitter, sour taste, produced by the action of acids on barium peroxide. It decomposes into water and oxygen, and is manufactured in large quantities for an oxidizing and bleaching agent. Called also oxygenated water.<-- usually "hydrogen peroxide", or "peroxide" in weak solutions used as an antiseptic--> -- Hydrogen oxide, a chemical name for water, H -- Hydrogen sulphide, a colorless inflammable gas, H2S, having the characteristic odor of bad eggs, and found in many mineral springs. It is produced by the action of acids on metallic sulphides, and is an important chemical reagent. Called also sulphureted hydrogen.

Hydrogenate

Hy"dro*gen*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrogenated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrogenating (?).] (Chem.) To hydrogenize.

Hydrogenation

Hy`dro*gen*a"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act of combining with hydrogen, or the state of being so combined.

Hydrogenide

Hy"dro*gen*ide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound containing hydrogen; a hydride. [R.] See Hydride.

Hydrogenium

Hy`dro*ge"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Hydrogen.] (Chem.) Hydrogen; -- called also in view of its supposed metallic nature. Graham.

Hydrogenize

Hy"dro*gen*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrogenized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrogenizing (?).] (Chem.) To combine with hydrogen; to treat with, or subject to the action of, hydrogen; to reduce; -- contrasted with oxidize.

Hydrogenous

Hy*drog"e*nous (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrogen; containing hydrogen.

Hydrognosy

Hy*drog"no*sy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. A treatise upon, or a history and description of, the water of the earth.

Hydrogode

Hy"drog*ode (?), n. [Hydrogen + Gr. (Elec.) The negative pole or cathode. [R.]

Hydrographer

Hy*drog"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in the hydrography; one who surveys, or draws maps or charts of, the sea, lakes, or other waters, with the adjacent shores; one who describes the sea or other waters. Boyle.

Hydrographic, Hydrographical

Hy`dro*graph"ic (?), Hy`dro*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or relating to hydrography.

Hydrography

Hy*drog"ra*phy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -graphy: cf. F. hydrographie.]

1. The art of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, and other waters, with their phenomena.

2. That branch of surveying which embraces the determination of the contour of the bottom of a harbor or other sheet of water, the depth of soundings, the position of channels and shoals, with the construction of charts exhibiting these particulars.

Hydroguret

Hy*drog"u*ret (?), n. [From Hydrogen.] (Chem.) A hydride. [Obs.]

Hydroid

Hy"droid (?), a. [Hydra + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Related to, or resembling, the hydra; of or pertaining to the Hydroidea. -- n. One of the Hydroideas.

Hydroidea

Hy*droi"de*a, n. pl. [NL. See Hydra, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive order of Hydrozoa or Acaleph\'91. [Written also Hydroida.] &hand; This order includes the hydras and the free-swimming hydromedus\'91, together with a great variety of marine attached hydroids, many of which grow up into large, elegantly branched forms, consisting of a vast number of zooids (hydranths, gonophores, etc.), united by hollow stems. All the zooids of a colony are produced from one primary zooid, by successive buddings. The Siphonophora have also been included in this order by some writers. See Gymnoblastea, Hydromedusa, Gonosome, Gonotheca.

Hydrokinetic

Hy`dro*ki*net"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + kinetic.] Of or pertaining to the motions of fluids, or the forces which produce or affect such motions; -- opposed to hydrostatic. Sir W. Thomson.

Hydrological

Hy`dro*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrology.

Hydrologist

Hy*drol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in hydrology.

Hydrology

Hy*drol"o*gy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -logy: cf. F. hydrologie.] The science of water, its properties, phenomena, and distribution over the earth's surface.

Hydrolytic

Hy`dro*lyt"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. (Chem.) Tending to remove or separate water; eliminating water.
Hydrolytic agents, such as sulphuric acid or caustic alkali. Encyc. Brit.
Hydrolitic ferment (Physiol. Chem.), a ferment, enzyme, or chemical ferment, which acts only in the presence of water, and which causes the substance acted upon to take up a molecule of water. Thus, diastase of malt, ptyalin of saliva, and boiling dilute sulphuric acid all convert starch by hydration into dextrin and sugar. Nearly all of the digestive ferments are hydrolytic in their action.<-- = hydrolase (after 1910) -->

Hydromagnesite

Hy`dro*mag"ne*site (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + magnesite.] (Min.) A hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring in white, early, amorphous masses.

Hydromancy

Hy"dro*man`cy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -mancy: cf. F. hydromancie.] Divination by means of water, -- practiced by the ancients.

Hydromantic

Hy`dro*man"tic (?), a. [Cf. F. hydromantique.] Of or pertaining to divination by water.

Hydromechanics

Hy`dro*me*chan"ics (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + mechanics.] That branch of physics which treats of the mechanics of liquids, or of their laws of equilibrium and of motion.

Hydromedusa

Hy`dro*me*du"sa (?), n.; pl. Hydromedus\'91 (#). [NL. See Hydra, and Medusa.] (Zo\'94l.) Any medusa or jellyfish which is produced by budding from a hydroid. They are called also Craspedota, and naked-eyed medus\'91. &hand; Such medus\'91 are the reproductive zooids or gonophores, either male or female, of the hydroid from which they arise, whether they become free or remain attached to the hydroid colony. They in turn produce the eggs from which the hydroids are developed. The name is also applied to other similar medus\'91 which are not known to bud from a hydroid colony, and even to some which are known to develop directly from the eggs, but which in structure agree essentially with those produced from hydroids. See Hydroidea, and Gymnoblastea.

Hydromel

Hy"dro*mel (?), n. [L. hydromel, hydromeli, Gr. hydromel.] A liquor consisting of honey diluted in water, and after fermentation called mead.

Hydromellonic

Hy`dro*mel*lon"ic (?), a. See Cyamellone.

Hydrometallurgical

Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrometallurgy; involving the use of liquid reagents in the treatment or reduction of ores. -- Hy`dro*met`al*lur"gic*al*ly, adv.

Hydrometallurgy

Hy`dro*met"al*lur`gy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + metallurgy.] The art or process of assaying or reducing ores by means of liquid reagents.

Hydrometeor

Hy`dro*me"te*or (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + meteor.] A meteor or atmospheric phenomenon dependent upon the vapor of water; -- in the pl., a general term for the whole aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere, as rain, snow, hail, etc. Nichol.

Hydrometeorological

Hy`dro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydrometeorology, or to rain, clouds, storms, etc.

Hydrometeorology

Hy`dro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + meteorology.] That branch of meteorology which relates to, or treats of, water in the atmosphere, or its phenomena, as rain, clouds, snow, hail, storms, etc.

Hydrometer

Hy*drom"e*ter (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -meter: cf. F. hydrom\'8atre.]

1. (Physics) An instrument for determining the specific gravities of liquids, and thence the strength spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc. &hand; It is usually made of glass with a graduated stem, and indicates the specific gravity of a liquid by the depth to which it sinks in it, the zero of the scale marking the depth to which it sinks in pure water. Extra weights are sometimes used to adapt the scale to liquids of different densities.

2. An instrument, variously constructed, used for measuring the velocity or discharge of water, as in rivers, from reservoirs, etc., and called by various specific names according to its construction or use, as tachometer, rheometer, hydrometer, pendulum, etc.; a current gauge.

Hydrometric, Hydrometrical

Hy`dro*met"ric (?), Hy`dro*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. hydrom\'8atrique.]

1. Of or pertaining to an hydrometer, or to the determination of the specific gravity of fluids.

2. Of or pertaining to measurement of the velocity, discharge, etc., of running water.

3. Made by means of an hydrometer; as, hydrometric observations. Hydrometric pendulum, a species of hydrometer consisting of a hollow ball of ivory or metal suspended by a treated from the center of a graduated quadrant, and held in a stream to measure the velocity of the water by the inclination given to the thread; a kind of current gauge.

Hydrometrograph

Hy`dro*met"ro*graph (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. graph.] An instrument for determining and recording the quantity of water discharged from a pipe, orifice, etc., in a given time.

Hydrometry

Hy*drom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. hydrom\'8atrique.]

1. The art of determining the specific gravity of liquids, and thence the strength of spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.

2. The art or operation of measuring the velocity or discharge of running water, as in rivers, etc.

Hydromica

Hy`dro*mi"ca (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + mica.] (Min.) A variety of potash mica containing water. It is less elastic than ordinary muscovite. Hydromica schist (Min.), a mica schist characterized by the presence of hydromica. It often has a silky luster and almost soapy feel.

Hydronephrosis

Hy`dro*ne*phro"sis (?), n. [NL., Gr. "y`dwr water + (Med.) An accumulation of urine in the pelvis of the kidney, occasioned by obstruction in the urinary passages.

Hydropath

Hy"dro*path (?), n. [Cf. F. hydropathe.] A hydropathist.

Hydropathic, Hydropathical

Hy`dro*path"ic (?), Hy`dro*path"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hydropathy.

Hydropathist

Hy*drop"a*thist (?), n. One who practices hydropathy; a water-cure doctor.

Hydropathy

Hy*drop"a*thy (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. The water cure; a mode of treating diseases by the copious and frequent use of pure water, both internally and externally.

Hydroperitoneum

Hy`dro*per`i*to*ne"um (?), n. [NL. See Hydro-, and Peritoneum.] (Med.) Same as Ascites.

Hydrophane

Hy"dro*phane (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. hydrophane.] (Min.) A semitranslucent variety of opal that becomes translucent or transparent on immersion in water.

Hydrophanous

Hy*droph"a*nous (?), a. (Min.) Made transparent by immersion in water.

Hydrophid

Hy"dro*phid (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any sea snake of the genus Hydrophys and allied genera. These snakes are venomous, live upon fishes, and have a flattened tail for swimming.

Hydrophlorone

Hy`dro*phlo"rone (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + phlorone.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline benzene derivative, C8H10O2, obtained by the reduction of phlorone.

Hydrophobia

Hy`dro*pho"bi*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + hydrophobie.] (Med.) (a) An abnormal dread of water, said to be a symptom of canine madness; hence: (b) The disease caused by a bite form, or inoculation with the saliva of, a rabid creature, of which the chief symptoms are, a sense of dryness and construction in the throat, causing difficulty in deglutition, and a marked heightening of reflex excitability, producing convulsions whenever the patient attempts to swallow, or is disturbed in any way, as by the sight or sound of water; rabies; canine madness. [Written also hydrophoby.]

Hydrophobic

Hy`dro*phob"ic (?), a. [L. hydrophobicus, Gr. hydrophobique.] Of or pertaining to hydrophobia; producing or caused by rabies; as, hydrophobic symptoms; the hydrophobic poison.

Hydrophoby

Hy"dro*pho`by (?), n. See Hydrophobia.

Hydrophora

Hy*droph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The Hydroidea.

Hydrophore

Hy"dro*phore (?), n. [Gr. "y`dwr water + An instrument used for the purpose of obtaining specimens of water from any desired depth, as in a river, a lake, or the ocean.

Hydrophyllium

Hy`dro*phyl"li*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hydrophyllia (#), E. Hydrophylliums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + (Zo\'94l.) One of the flat, leaflike, protective zooids, covering other zooids of certain Siphonophora.

Hydrophyte

Hy"dro*phyte (?), n. [Gr. hydrophyte.] An aquatic plant; an alga.

Hydrophytology

Hy*droph`y*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Hydro- + phyte + -logy.] The branch of botany which treats of water plants.

Hydropic, Hydropical

Hy*drop"ic (?), Hy*drop"ic*al (?), a. [L. hydropicus, Gr. hydropique. See Dropsy.] Dropsical, or resembling dropsy.
Every lust is a kind of hydropic distemper, and the more we drink the more we shall thirst. Tillotson.

Hydropically

Hy*drop"ic*al*ly, adv. In a hydropical manner.

Hydropiper

Hy"dro*pi`per (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y`dwr water + L. piper a pepper.] (Bot.) A species (Polygonum Hydropiper) of knotweed with acrid foliage; water pepper; smartweed.

Hydropneumatic

Hy`dro*pneu*mat"ic (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + pneumatic: cf. F. hydropneumatique.] Pertaining to, or depending upon, both liquid and gaseous substances; as, hydropneumatic apparatus for collecting gases over water or other liquids.

Hydropsy

Hy"drop`sy (?), n. Same as Dropsy.

Hydropult

Hy"dro*pult (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. A machine for throwing water by hand power, as a garden engine, a fire extinguisher, etc.

Hydroquinone

Hy`dro*qui"none (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + quinone.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, C6H4(OH)2, obtained by the reduction of quinone. It is a diacid phenol, resembling, and metameric with, pyrocatechin and resorcin. Called also dihydroxy benzene.

Hydrorhiza

Hy`dro*rhi"za (?), n.; pl. L. Hydrorhiz\'91 (#), E. Hydrorhizas (#). [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The rootstock or decumbent stem by which a hydroid is attached to other objects. See Illust. under Hydroidea.

Hydrosalt

Hy"dro*salt` (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + salt.] (Chem.) (a) A salt supposed to be formed by a hydracid and a base. (b) An acid salt. [R.] (c) A hydrous salt; a salt combined with water of hydration or crystallization.
Page 718

Hydroscope

Hy"dro*scope (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + -scope.]

1. An instrument designed to mark the presence of water, especially in air. Weale.

2. A kind of water clock, used anciently for measuring time, the water tricking from an orifice at the end of a graduated tube.

Hydrosome, Hydrosoma

Hy"dro*some (?), Hy`dro*so"ma (?), n. [NL. hydrosoma. See Hydra, and -some body.] (Zo\'94l.) All the zooids of a hydroid colony collectively, including the nutritive and reproductive zooids, and often other kinds.

Hydrosorbic

Hy`dro*sor"bic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + sorbic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from sorbic acid when this takes up hydrogen; as, hydrosorbic acid.

Hydrostat

Hy"dro*stat (?), n. A contrivance or apparatus to prevent the explosion of steam boilers.

Hydrostatic, Hydrostatical

Hy`dro*stat"ic (?), Hy`dro*stat"ic*al (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. hydrostatique. See Static.] Of or relating to hydrostatics; pertaining to, or in accordance with, the principles of the equilibrium of fluids.
The first discovery made in hydrostatics since the time of Archimedes is due to Stevinus. Hallam.
Hydrostatic balance, a balance for weighing substances in water, for the purpose of ascertaining their specific gravities. -- Hydrostatic bed, a water bed. -- Hydrostatic bellows, an apparatus consisting of a water-tight bellowslike case with a long, upright tube, into which water may be poured to illustrate the hydrostatic paradox. -- Hydrostatic paradox, the proposition in hydrostatics that any quantity of water, however small, may be made to counterbalance any weight, however great; or the law of the equality of pressure of fluids in all directions. -- Hydrostatic press, a machine in which great force, with slow motion, is communicated to a large plunger by means of water forced into the cylinder in which it moves, by a forcing pump of small diameter, to which the power is applied, the principle involved being the same as in the hydrostatic bellows. Also called hydraulic press, and Bramah press. In the illustration, a is a pump with a small plunger b, which forces the water into the cylinder c, thus driving upward the large plunder d, which performs the reduced work, such as compressing cotton bales, etc.

Hydrostatically

Hy`dro*stat"ic*al*ly, adv. According to hydrostatics, or to hydrostatic principles. Bentley.

Hydrostatician

Hy`dro*sta*ti"cian (?), n. One who is versed or skilled in hydrostatics. [R.]

Hydrostatics

Hy`dro*stat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. hydrostatique.] (Physics) The branch of science which relates to the pressure and equilibrium of nonelastic fluids, as water, mercury, etc.; the principles of statics applied to water and other liquids.

Hydrosulphate

Hy`dro*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrosulphurent.

Hydrosulphide

Hy`dro*sul"phide (?), n. (Chem.) One of a series of compounds, derived from hydrogen sulphide by the replacement of half its hydrogen by a base or basic radical; as, potassium hydrosulphide, KSH. The hydrosulphides are analogous to the hydrates and include the mercaptans.

Hydrosulphite

Hy`dro*sul"phite (?), n. (Chem.) A saline compound of hydrosulphurous acid and a base. [R.]

Hydrosulphuret

Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrosulphide. [Archaic]

Hydrosulphureted

Hy`dro*sul"phu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Combined with hydrogen sulphide.

Hydrosulphuric

Hy`dro*sul*phu"ric (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + sulphuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and sulphur; as, hydrosulphuricacid, a designation applied to the solution of hydrogen sulphide in water.

Hydrosulphurous

Hy`dro*sul"phur*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. See Hyposulphurous acid, under Hyposulphurous.

Hydrotellurate

Hy`dro*tel"lu*rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt formed by the union of hydrotelluric acid and the base.

Hydrotelluric

Hy`dro*tel*lu"ric (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + telluric.] (Chem.) Formed by hydrogen and tellurium; as, hydrotelluric acid, or hydrogen telluride.

Hydrotheca

Hy`dro*the"ca (?), n.; pl. L. Hydrothec\'91 (#), E. Hydrothecas (#). [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the calicles which, in some Hydroidea (Thecaphora), protect the hydrants. See Illust. of Hydroidea, and Campanularian.

Hydrotherapy

Hy`dro*ther"a*py (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + therapy.] (Med.) See Hydropathy.

Hydrothermal

Hy`dro*ther"mal (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + thermal.] Of or pertaining to hot water; -- used esp. with reference to the action of heated waters in dissolving, redepositing, and otherwise producing mineral changes within the crust of the globe.

Hydrothorax

Hy`dro*tho"rax (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + thorax.] (Med.) An accumulation of serous fluid in the cavity of the chest.

Hydrotic

Hy*drot"ic (?), a. [Gr. "y`dwr water: cf. Gr. hydrotique.] Causing a discharge of water or phlegm. -- n. (Med.) A hydrotic medicine.

Hydrotical

Hy*drot"ic*al (?), a. Hydrotic.

Hydrotrope

Hy"dro*trope (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + Gr. A device for raising water by the direct action of steam; a pulsometer.

Hydrotropic

Hy`dro*trop"ic (?), a. [See Hydrotrope.] (Bot.) Turning or bending towards moisture, as roots.

Hydrotropism

Hy*drot"ro*pism (?), n. (Bot.) A tendency towards moisture.

Hydrous

Hy"drous (?), a. [Gr. "y`dwr water.]

1. Containing water; watery.

2. (Chem.) Containing water of hydration or crystallization.

Hydroxanthane

Hy`dro*xan"thane (?), n. (Chem.) A persulphocyanate. [Obs.]

Hydroxanthic

Hy`dro*xan"thic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + xanthic.] (Chem.) Persulphocyanic.

Hydroxide

Hy*drox"ide (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + oxide.] (Chem.) A hydrate; a substance containing hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide, and yielding water by elimination. The hydroxides are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or radical; as, calcium hydroxide ethyl hydroxide.

Hydroxy-

Hy*drox"y- (?). (Chem.) A combining form, also used adjectively, indicating hydroxyl as an ingredient. Hydroxy acid (Chem.), an organic acid, having (besides the hydroxyl group of the carboxyl radical) an alcoholic hydroxyl group, and thus having the qualities of an alcohol in addition to its acid properties; as, lactic and tartaric acids are hydroxy acids.

Hydroxyl

Hy*drox"yl (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, or unsaturated group, HO, consisting of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic part of the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.

Hydroxylamine

Hy*drox`yl*am"ine (?), n. [Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous, organic base, NH2.OH, resembling ammonia, and produced by a modified reduction of nitric acid. It is usually obtained as a volatile, unstable solution in water. It acts as a strong reducing agent.

Hydrozoa

Hy`dro*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The Acaleph\'91; one of the classes of c\'d2lenterates, including the Hydroidea, Discophora, and Siphonophora.

Hydrozoal

Hy`dro*zo"al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Hydrozoa.

Hydrozo\'94n

Hy`dro*zo"\'94n (?), n.; pl. L. Hydrozoa (#), E. Hydrozo\'94ns (#). [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Hydrozoa.

Hydruret

Hy"dru*ret (?), n. [Hydro-, 2] (Chem.) A binary compound of hydrogen; a hydride. [Obs.]

Hydrus

Hy"drus (?), n. [L., a water serpent; also, a certain constellation, Gr. "y`dros.] (Astron.) A constellation of the southern hemisphere, near the south pole.

Hye

Hye (?), n. & v. See Hie. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hyemal

Hy*e"mal (?), a. [L. hyemalis, or better hiemalis, fr. hyems, hiems, winter: cf. F. hy\'82mal.] Belonging to winter; done in winter. Sir T. Browne.

Hyemate

Hy"e*mate (?), v. i. [L. hiemare, hiematum. See Hyemal.] To pass the winter. [Obs. & R.]

Hyemation

Hy`e*ma"tion (?), n. [L. hiematio.]

1. The passing of a winter in a particular place; a wintering.

2. The act of affording shelter in winter. [Obs.]

Hyen

Hy"en (?), n. [F. hy\'8ane.] A hyena. [Obs.] Shak.

Hyena

Hy*e"na (?), n.; pl. Hyenas (#). [L. hyaena, Gr. hy\'8ane. See Sow female hog.] (Zo\'94l.) Any carnivorous mammal of the family Hy\'91nid\'91, of which three living species are known. They are large and strong, but cowardly. They feed chiefly on carrion, and are nocturnal in their habits. [Written also hy\'91na.] &hand; The striped hyena (Hy\'91na striata) inhabits Southern Asia and a large part of Africa. The brown hyena (H. brunnea), and the spotted hyena (Crocuta maculata), are found in Southern Africa. The extinct cave hyena (H. spel\'91a) inhabited England and France. Cave hyena. See under Cave. -- Hyena dog (Zo\'94l.), a South African canine animal (Lycaon venaticus), which hunts in packs, chiefly at night. It is smaller than the common wolf, with very large, erect ears, and a bushy tail. Its color is reddish or yellowish brown, blotched with black and white. Called also hunting dog.

Hyetal

Hy"e*tal (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to rain; descriptive of the distribution of rain, or of rainy regions.

Hyetograph

Hy"e*to*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] A chart or graphic representation of the average distribution of rain over the surface of the earth.

Hyetographic

Hy`e*to*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to to hyetography.

Hyetography

Hy`e*tog"ra*phy (?), n. The branch of physical science which treats of the geographical distribution of rain.

Hygeia

Hy*ge"ia (?), n. [L. Hygea, Hygia, fr. Gr. (Classic Myth.) The goddess of health, daughter of Esculapius.

Hygeian

Hy*ge"ian (?), a. Relating to Hygeia, the goddess of health; of or pertaining to health, or its preservation.

Hygeist

Hy"ge*ist (?), n. One skilled in hygiena; a hygienist.

Hygieist

Hy"gie*ist (?), n. A hygienist.

Hygiene

Hy"gi*ene (?), n. [F. hygi\'8ane. See Hygeia.] That department of sanitary science which treats of the preservation of health, esp. of households and communities; a system of principles or rules designated for the promotion of health.

Hygienic

Hy`gi*en"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hygi\'82nique.] Of or pertaining to health or hygiene; sanitary.

Hygienics

Hy`gi*en"ics, n. The science of health; hygiene.

Hygienism

Hy"gi*en*ism (?), n. Hygiene.

Hygienist

Hy"gi*en*ist, n. One versed in hygiene.

Hygiology

Hy`gi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A treatise on, or the science of, the preservation of health. [R.]

Hygrine

Hy"grine (?), n. [From Gr. (Chem.) An alkaloid associated with cocaine in coca leaves (Erythroxylon coca), and extracted as a thick, yellow oil, having a pungent taste and odor.

Hygrodeik

Hy"gro*deik (?), n. [Gr. (Physics) A form of hygrometer having wet and dry bulb thermometers, with an adjustable index showing directly the percentage of moisture in the air, etc.

Hygrograph

Hy"gro*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] (Physics) An instrument for recording automatically the variations of the humidity of the atmosphere.

Hygrology

Hy*grol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. hygrologie.] (Med.) The science which treats of the fluids of the body.

Hygrometer

Hy*grom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. hygrom\'8atre.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the atmosphere. Daniell's hygrometer, a form of hygrometer consisting of a bent glass tube terminating in two bulbs, the one covered with muslin, the other of black glass, and containing ether and a thermometer. Ether being poured on the muslin, the black ball, cooled by the evaporation of the ether within, is soon covered with dew; at this moment, the inclosed thermometer gives the dew-point, and this, compared with the reading of one in the air, determines the humidity.

Hygrometric, Hygrometrical

Hy`gro*met"ric (?), Hy`gro*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. hygrom\'82trique.]

1. Of or pertaining to hygrometry; made with, or according to, the hygrometer; as, hygrometric observations.

2. Readily absorbing and retaining moisture; as, hygrometric substances, like potash.

Hygrometry

Hy*grom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. hygrom\'82trie.] (Physics) That branch of physics which relates to the determination of the humidity of bodies, particularly of the atmosphere, with the theory and use of the instruments constructed for this purpose.

Hygrophanous

Hy*groph"a*nous (?), a. [Gr. Having such a structure as to be diaphanous when moist, and opaque when dry.

Hygrophthalmic

Hy`groph*thal"mic (?), a. [Gr. ophthalmic.] (Anat.) Serving to moisten the eye; -- sometimes applied to the lachrymal ducts.

Hygroplasm

Hy"gro*plasm (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The fluid portion of the cell protoplasm, in opposition to stereoplasm, the solid or insoluble portion. The latter is supposed to be partly nutritive and partly composed of idioplasm.

Hygroscope

Hy"gro*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope: cf. F. hygroscope.] (Physics) An instrument which shows whether there is more or less moisture in the atmosphere, without indicating its amount.

Hygroscopic

Hy`gro*scop"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. hygroscopique.]

1. Of or pertaining to, or indicated by, the hygroscope; not readily manifest to the senses, but capable of detection by the hygroscope; as, glass is often covered with a film of hygroscopic moisture.

2. Having the property of readily inbibing moisture from the atmosphere, or of the becoming coated with a thin film of moisture, as glass, etc.

Hygroscopicity

Hy`gro*sco*pic"i*ty (?), n. (Bot.) The property possessed by vegetable tissues of absorbing or discharging moisture according to circumstances.

Hygrostatics

Hy`gro*stat"ics (?), n. [Gr. Statics.] The science or art of comparing or measuring degrees of moisture. Evelyn.

Hyke

Hyke (?), n. See Haik, and Huke.

Hyl\'91osaur, Hyl\'91osaurus

Hy"l\'91*o*saur` (?), Hy`l\'91*o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL. hylaeosaurus, fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A large Wealden dinosaur from the Tilgate Forest, England. It was about twenty feet long, protected by bony plates in the skin, and armed with spines.

Hylarchical

Hy*lar"chi*cal (?), a. [Gr. hylarchique. See Archical.] Presiding over matter. [Obs.] Hallywell.

Hyleosaur

Hy"le*o*saur" (?), n. Same as Hyl\'91osaur.

Hylic

Hyl"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to matter; material; corporeal; as, hylic influences.

Hylicist

Hy"li*cist (?), n. [Gr. A philosopher who treats chiefly of matter; one who adopts or teaches hylism.
Page 719

Hylism

Hy"lism (?), n. [Gr. (Metaph.) A theory which regards matter as the original principle of evil.

Hylobate

Hy"lo*bate (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of the genus Hylobates; a gibbon, or long-armed ape. See Gibbon.

Hylodes

Hy*lo"des (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The piping frog (Hyla Pickeringii), a small American tree frog, which in early spring, while breeding in swamps and ditches, sings with high, shrill, but musical, notes.

Hyloism

Hy"lo*ism (?), n. Same as Hylotheism.

Hyloist

Hy"lo*ist, n. [Gr. Same as Hylotheist.

Hylopathism

Hy*lop"a*thism (?), n. [Gr. The doctrine that matter is sentient. Krauth-Fleming.

Hylopathist

Hy*lop"a*thist (?), n. One who believes in hylopathism.

Hylophagous

Hy*loph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Eating green shoots, as certain insects do.

Hylotheism

Hy"lo*the*ism (?), n. [Gr. The doctrine of belief that matter is God, or that there is no God except matter and the universe; pantheism. See Materialism.

Hylotheist

Hy"lo*the*ist, n. One who believes in hylotheism.

Hylozoic

Hy`lo*zo"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to hylozoism.

Hylozoism

Hy`lo*zo"ism (?), n. [Gr. hylozo\'8bsme.] The doctrine that matter possesses a species of life and sensation, or that matter and life are inseparable. [R.] Cudworth.

Hylozoist

Hy`lo*zo"ist, n. A believer in hylozoism. A. Tucker.

Hymar

Hy*mar" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wild ass of Persia.

Hymen

Hy"men (?), n. [Gr. (Anat.) A fold of muscous membrane often found at the orifice of the vagina; the vaginal membrane.

Hymen

Hy"men, n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class Myth.) A fabulous deity; according to some, the son of Apollo and Urania, according to others, of Bacchus and Venus. He was the god of marriage, and presided over nuptial solemnities.

Till Hymen brought his love-delighted hour, There dwelt no joy in Eden's rosy bower. Campbell.

2. Marriage; union as if by marriage.

Hymen of element and race. Emerson.

Hymeneal, Hymenean

Hy`me*ne"al (?), Hy`me*ne"an (?), a. [L. hymeneius, a., also Hymenaeus, n., Hymen, Gr. hym\'82n\'82al, hym\'82n\'82en.] Of or pertaining to marriage; as, hymeneal rites. Pope.

Hymeneal, Hymenean

Hy`me*ne"al, Hy`me*ne"an, n. A marriage song. Milton.

Hymenium

Hy*me"ni*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hymenia (#), E. Hymeniums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The spore-bearing surface of certain fungi, as that on the gills of a mushroom.

Hymenogeny

Hy`me*nog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. The production of artificial membranes by contact of two fluids, as albumin and fat, by which the globules of the latter are surrounded by a thin film of the former.

Hymenomycetes

Hy`me*no*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) One of the great divisions of fungi, containing those species in which the hymenium is completely exposed. M. J. Berkley.

Hymenophore

Hy*men"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) That part of a fungus which is covered with the hymenium.

Hymenopter

Hy`me*nop"ter (?), n. [Cf. F. hym\'82nopt\'8are.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Hymenoptera.

Hymenoptera

Hy`me*nop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive order of insects, including the bees, ants, ichneumons, sawflies, etc. &hand; They have four membranous wings, with few reticulations, and usually with a thickened, dark spot on the front edge of the anterior wings. In most of the species, the tongue, or lingua, is converted into an organ for sucking honey, or other liquid food, and the mandibles are adapted for biting or cutting. In one large division (Aculeata), including the bees, wasps, and ants, the females and workers usually have a sting, which is only a modified ovipositor.

Hymenopteral, Hymenopterous

Hy`me*nop"ter*al (?), Hy`me*nop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or characteristic of, the Hymenoptera; pertaining to the Hymenoptera.

Hymenopteran

Hy`me*nop"ter*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Hymenoptera.

Hymn

Hymn (?), n. [OE. hympne, ympne, F. hymne, OF. also ymne, L. hymnus, Gr. weave.] An ode or song of praise or adoration; especially, a religious ode, a sacred lyric; a song of praise or thankgiving intended to be used in religious service; as, the Homeric hymns; Watts' hymns.
Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns. Col. iii. 16.
Where angels first should practice hymns, and string Their tuneful harps. Dryden.
Hymn book, a book containing a collection of hymns, as for use in churches; a hymnal.

Hymn

Hymn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hymned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hymning (?).] [Cf. L. hymnire, Gr. To praise in song; to worship or extol by singing hymns; to sing.
To hymn the bright of the Lord. Keble.
Their praise is hymned by loftier harps than mine. Byron.

Hymn

Hymn, v. i. To sing in praise or adoration. Milton.

Hymnal

Hym"nal (?), n. A collection of hymns; a hymn book.

Hymnic

Hym"nic (?), a. [Cf. F. hymnique.] Relating to hymns, or sacred lyrics. Donne.

Hymning

Hymn"ing (?), a. Praising with hymns; singing. "The hymning choir." G. West.

Hymning

Hymn"ing, n. The singing of hymns. Milton.

Hymnist

Hym"nist (?), n. A writer of hymns.

Hymnody

Hym"no*dy (?), n. [Gr. Hymns, considered collectively; hymnology.

Hymnographer

Hym*nog"ra*pher (?), n.

1. One who writes on the subject of hymns.

2. A writer or composed of hymns.

Hymnography

Hym*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. graphy.] The art or act of composing hymns.

Hymnologist

Hym*nol"o*gist (?), n. A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology. Busby.

Hymnology

Hym*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. hymnologie.]

1. The hymns or sacred lyrics composed by authors of a particular country or period; as, the hymnology of the eighteenth century; also, the collective body of hymns used by any particular church or religious body; as, the Anglican hymnology.

2. A knowledge of hymns; a treatise on hymns.

Hympne

Hymp"ne (?), n. A hymn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hyndreste

Hynd"reste (?), a. See Hinderest. [Obs.]

Hyne

Hyne (?), n. A servant. See Hine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hyo-

Hy"o- (?). [See Hyod.] A prexif used in anatomy, and generally denoting connection with the hyoid bone or arch; as, hyoglossal, hyomandibular, hyomental, etc.

Hyoganoidei

Hy`o*ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hyo-, and Canoidei.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of ganoid fishes, including the gar pikes and bowfins. -- Hy`o*ga"noid (#), a.

Hyoglossal

Hy`o*glos"sal (?), a. [Hyo- + Gr. (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to or connecting the tongue and hyodean arch; as, the hyoglossal membrane. (b) Of or pertaining to the hyoglossus muscle.

Hyoglossus

Hy`o*glos"sus (?), n. [NL., fr. hyo- hyo- + Gr. (Anat.) A flat muscle on either side of the tongue, connecting it with the hyoid bone.

Hyoid

Hy"oid (?), a. [Gr. hyo\'8bde
.]

1. Having the form of an arch, or of the Greek letter upsilon [

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the bony or cartilaginous arch which supports the tongue. Sometimes applied to the tongue itself. Hyoid arch (Anat.), the arch of cartilaginous or bony segments, which connects the base of the tongue with either side of the skull. -- Hyoid bone (Anat.), the bone in the base of the tongue, the middle part of the hyoid arch.

Hyoid

Hy"oid, n. The hyoid bone.

Hyoideal, Hyoidean

Hy*oid"e*al (?), Hy*oid"e*an (?), a. Same as Hyoid, a.

Hyomandibular

Hy`o*man*dib"u*lar (?), a. [Hyo- + mandibular.] (Anat.) Pertaining both to the hyoidean arch and the mandible or lower jaw; as, the hyomandibular bone or cartilage, a segment of the hyoid arch which connects the lower jaw with the skull in fishes. -- n. The hyomandibular bone or cartilage.

Hyomental

Hy`o*men"tal (?), a. [Hyo- + mental of the chin.] (Anat.) Between the hyoid bone and the lower jaw, pertaining to them; suprahyoid; submaxillary; as, the hyomental region of the front of the neck.

Hyopastron

Hy`o*pas"tron (?), n. [Hyo- + plastron.] (Zo\'94l.) The second lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also hyosternum.

Hyoscine

Hy*os"cine (?), n. [See Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found with hyoscyamine (with which it is also isomeric) in henbane, and extracted as a white, amorphous, semisolid substance.

Hyoscyamine

Hy`os*cy"a*mine (?), n. [See Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), and regarded as its active principle. It is also found with other alkaloids in the thorn apple and deadly nightshade. It is extracted as a white crystalline substance, with a sharp, offensive taste. Hyoscyamine is isomeric with atropine, is very poisonous, and is used as a medicine for neuralgia, like belladonna. Called also hyoscyamia, duboisine, etc.

Hyoscyamus

Hy`os*cy"a*mus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.) A genus of poisonous plants of the Nightshade family; henbane.

2. (Med.) The leaves of the black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), used in neuralgic and pectorial troubles.

Hyosternal

Hy`o*ster"nal (?), a. [Hyo- + ternal.] (Anat.) (a) Between the hyoid bone and the sternum, or pertaining to them; infrahyoid; as, the hyosternal region of the neck. (b) Pertaining to the hyosternum of turtles.

Hyosternum

Hy`o*ster"num (?), n. [Hyo- + sternum.] (Anat.) See Hyoplastron.

Hyostylic

Hy`o*styl"ic (?), a. [Hyo- + Gr. (Anat.) Having the mandible suspended by the hyomandibular, or upper part of the hyoid arch, as in fishes, instead of directly articulated with the skull as in mammals; -- said of the skull.

Hyp

Hyp (?), n. An abbreviation of hypochonaria; -- usually in plural. [Colloq.]
Heaven send thou hast not got the hyps. Swift.

Hyp

Hyp, v. t. To make melancholy. [Colloq.] W. Irving.

Hyp\'91thral, Hypethral

Hy*p\'91"thral, Hy*pe"thral (?), a. [L. hypaethrus in the open air, uncovered, Gr. (Arch.) Exposed to the air; wanting a roof; -- applied to a building or part of a building. Gwilt.

Hypallage

Hy*pal"la*ge (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.) A figure consisting of a transference of attributes from their proper subjects to other. Thus Virgil says, "dare classibus austros," to give the winds to the fleets, instead of dare classibus austris, to give the fleets to the winds.
The hypallage, of which Virgil is fonder than any other writer, is much the gravest fault in language. Landor.

Hypanthium

Hy*pan"thi*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hypanthia (#), E. Hypanthiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A fruit consisting in large part of a receptacle, enlarged below the calyx, as in the alycanthus, the rose hip, and the pear.

Hypapophysis

Hy`pa*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Hypapophyles (#). [NL. See Hypo-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) A process, or other element, of a vertebra developed from the ventral side of the centrum, as h\'91mal spines, and chevron bones. -- Hy`pa*po*phys"i*al (#), a.

Hyparterial

Hy`par*te"ri*al (?), a. [Hypo- + arterial.] (Anat.) Situated below an artery; applied esp. to the branches of the bronchi given off below the point where the pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.

Hypaspist

Hy*pas"pist (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A shield-bearer or armor-bearer. Mitford.

Hypaxial

Hy*pax"i*al (?), a. [Hypo- + axial.] (Anat.) Beneath the axis of the skeleton; subvertebral; hyposkeletal.

Hyper-

Hy"per- (?). [Gr. super, E. over. See Over, and cf. Super-.]

1. A prefix signifying over, above; as, hyperphysical, hyperthyrion; also, above measure, abnormally great, excessive; as, hyper\'91mia, hyperbola, hypercritical, hypersecretion.

2. (Chem.) A prefix equivalent to super- or per-; as hyperoxide, or peroxide. [Obs.] See Per-.

Hyper\'91mia

Hy`per*\'91"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A superabundance or congestion of blood in an organ or part of the body. Active hyper\'91mia, cognestion d%ue to increased flow of blood to a part. -- Passive hyper\'91mia, interchange due to obstruction in the return of blood from a part. -- Hy`per*\'91"mic (#), a.

Hyper\'91sthesia

Hy`per*\'91s*the"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med. & Physiol.) A state of exalted or morbidly increased sensibility of the body, or of a part of it. -- Hy`per*\'91s*thet"ic (#), a.

Hyperapophysis

Hy`per*a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Hyperapophyses (#). [NL. See Hyper-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) A lateral and backward-projecting process on the dorsal side of a vertebra. -- Hy`per*ap`o*phys"i*al (#), a.

Hyperaspist

Hy`per*as"pist (?), n. [Gr. One who holds a shield over another; hence, a defender. [Obs.] Chillingworth.

Hyperbatic

Hy`per*bat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an hyperbaton; transposed; inverted.

Hyperbaton

Hy*per"ba*ton (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.) A figurative construction, changing or inverting the natural order of words or clauses; as, "echoed the hills" for "the hills echoed."
With a violent hyperbaton to transpose the text. Milton.

Hyperbola

Hy*per"bo*la (?), n. [Gr. i. e., of the angle which the cutting plane makes with the base. See Hyperbole.] (Geom.) A curve formed by a section of a cone, when the cutting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes. It is a plane curve such that the difference of the distances from any point of it to two fixed points, called foci, is equal to a given distance. See Focus. If the cutting plane be produced so as to cut the opposite cone, another curve will be formed, which is also an hyperbola. Both curves are regarded as branches of the same hyperbola. See Illust. of Conic section, and Focus.

Hyperbole

Hy*per"bo*le (?), n. [L., fr. GrHyper-, Parable, and cf. Hyperbola.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which the expression is an evident exaggeration of the meaning intended to be conveyed, or by which things are represented as much greater or less, better or worse, than they really are; a statement exaggerated fancifully, through excitement, or for effect.
Our common forms of compliment are almost all of them extravagant hyperboles. Blair.
Somebody has said of the boldest figure in rhetoric, the hyperbole, that it lies without deceiving. Macaulay.

Hyperbolic, Hyperbolical

Hy`per*bol"ic (?), Hy`per*bol"ic*al (?), a. [L. hyperbolicus, Gr. hyperbolique.]

1. (Math.) Belonging to the hyperbola; having the nature of the hyperbola.

2. (Rhet.) Relating to, containing, or of the nature of, hyperbole; exaggerating or diminishing beyond the fact; exceeding the truth; as, an hyperbolical expression. "This hyperbolical epitaph." Fuller. Hyperbolic functions (Math.), certain functions which have relations to the hyperbola corresponding to those which sines, cosines, tangents, etc., have to the circle; and hence, called hyperbolic sines, hyperbolic cosines, etc. -- Hyperbolic logarithm. See Logarithm. -- Hyperbolic spiral (Math.), a spiral curve, the law of which is, that the distance from the pole to the generating point varies inversely as the angle swept over by the radius vector.


Page 720

Hyperbolically

Hy`per*bol"ic*al*ly (?), adv.

1. (Math.) In the form of an hyperbola.

2. (Rhet.) With exaggeration; in a manner to express more or less than the truth. Sir W. Raleigh.

Hyperboliform

Hy`per*bol"i*form (?), a. [Hyperbola + -form.] Having the form, or nearly the form, of an hyperbola.

Hyperbolism

Hy*per"bo*lism (?), n. [Cf. F. hyperbolisme.] The use of hyperbole. Jefferson.

Hyperbolist

Hy*per"bo*list (?), n. One who uses hyperboles.

Hyperbolize

Hy*per"bo*lize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hyperbolized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hyperbolizing (?).] [Cf. F. hyperboliser.] To speak or write with exaggeration. Bp. Montagu.

Hyperbolize

Hy*per"bo*lize, v. t. To state or represent hyperbolically. Fotherby.

Hyperboloid

Hy*per"bo*loid (?), n. [Hyperbola + -oid: cf. F. hyperbolo\'8bde.] (Geom.) A surface of the second order, which is cut by certain planes in hyperbolas; also, the solid, bounded in part by such a surface. Hyperboloid of revolution, an hyperboloid described by an hyperbola revolving about one of its axes. The surface has two separate sheets when the axis of revolution is the transverse axis, but only one when the axis of revolution is the conjugate axis of the hyperbola.

Hyperboloid

Hy*per"bo*loid, a. (Geom.) Having some property that belongs to an hyperboloid or hyperbola.

Hyperborean

Hy`per*bo"re*an (?), a. [L. hyperboreus, Gr. Boreas.]

1. (Greek Myth.) Of or pertaining to the region beyond the North wind, or to its inhabitants.

2. Northern; belonging to, or inhabiting, a region in very far north; most northern; hence, very cold; fright, as, a hyperborean coast or atmosphere.

The hyperborean or frozen sea. C. Butler (1633).

Hyperborean

Hy`per*bo"re*an, n.

1. (Greek Myth.) One of the people who lived beyond the North wind, in a land of perpetual sunshine.

2. An inhabitant of the most northern regions.

Hypercarbureted

Hy`per*car"bu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Having an excessive proportion of carbonic acid; -- said of bicarbonates or acid carbonates. [Written also hypercarburetted.]

Hypercatalectic

Hy`per*cat`a*lec"tic (?), a. [L. hypercatalecticus, hypercatalectus, Gr. hypercatalectique. See Hyper-, and Catalectic.] (Pros.) Having a syllable or two beyond measure; as, a hypercatalectic verse.

Hyperchloric

Hy`per*chlo"ric (?), a. (Chem.) See Perchloric.

Hyperchromatism

Hy`per*chro"ma*tism (?), n. The condition of having an unusual intensity of color.

Hypercritic

Hy`per*crit"ic (?), n. [Pref. hyper- + critic: cf. F. hypercritique.] One who is critical beyond measure or reason; a carping critic; a captious censor. "Hypercritics in English poetry." Dryden.

Hypercritic

Hy`per*crit"ic, a. Hypercritical.

Hypercritical

Hy`per*crit"ic*al (?), a.

1. Over critical; unreasonably or unjustly critical; carping; captious. "Hypercritical readers." Swift.

2. Excessively nice or exact. Evelyn.

Hypercritically

Hy`per*crit"ic*al*ly, adv. In a hypercritical manner.

Hypercriticise

Hy`per*crit"i*cise (?), v. t. To criticise with unjust severity; to criticise captiously.

Hypercriticism

Hy`per*crit"i*cism (?), n. Excessive criticism, or unjust severity or rigor of criticism; zoilism.

Hyperdicrotic

Hy`per*di*crot"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Excessive dicrotic; as, a hyperdicrotic pulse.

Hyperdicrotism

Hy`per*di"cro*tism (?), n. (Physiol.) A hyperdicrotic condition.

Hyperdicrotous

Hy`per*di"cro*tous (?), a. (Physiol.) Hyperdicrotic.

Hyperdulia

Hy`per*du*li"a (?), n. [Pref. hyper- + dulia: cf. F. hyperdulie.] (R. C. Ch.) Veneration or worship given to the Virgin Mary as the most exalted of mere creatures; higher veneration than dulia. Addis & Arnold.

Hyperduly

Hy"per*du`ly (?), n. Hyperdulia. [Obs.]

Hyperesthesia

Hy`per*es*the"si*a (?), n. Same as Hyper\'91sthesia.

Hypericum

Hy*per"i*cum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants, generally with dotted leaves and yellow flowers; -- called also St. John's-wort.

Hyperinosis

Hy`per*i*no"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A condition of the blood, characterized by an abnormally large amount of fibrin, as in many inflammatory diseases.

Hyperion

Hy*pe"ri*on (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Class Myth.) The god of the sun; in the later mythology identified with Apollo, and distinguished for his beauty.
So excellent a king; that was, to this, Hyperion to a satyr. Shak.

Hyperkinesis

Hy`per*ki*ne"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Abnormally increased muscular movement; spasm.

Hyperkinetic

Hy`per*ki*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to hyperkinesis.

Hypermetamorphosis

Hy`per*met`a*mor"pho*sis (?), n. [Hyper- + metamorphosis.] (Zo\'94l.) A kind of metamorphosis, in certain insects, in which the larva itself undergoes remarkable changes of form and structure during its growth.

Hypermeter

Hy*per"me*ter (?), n. [Gr. hyperm\'8atre.]

1. (Pros.) A verse which has a redundant syllable or foot; a hypercatalectic verse.

2. Hence, anything exceeding the ordinary standard.

When a man rises beyond six foot, he is an hypermeter. Addison.

Hypermetrical

Hy`per*met"ric*al (?), a. Having a redundant syllable; exceeding the common measure. Hypermetrical verse (Gr. & Lat. Pros.), a verse which contains a syllable more than the ordinary measure.

Hypermetropia, Hypermetropy

Hy`per*me*tro"pi*a (?), Hy`per*met"ro*py (?), n. [NL. hypermetropia, fr. Gr. Hypermeter.] A condition of the eye in which, through shortness of the eyeball or fault of the refractive media, the rays of light come to a focus behind the retina; farsightedness; -- called also hyperopia. Cf. Emmetropia. &hand; In hypermetropia, vision for distant objects, although not better absolutely, is better than that for near objects, and hence, the individual is said to be farsighted. It is corrected by the use of convex glasses. -- Hy`per*me*trop"ic (#), a.

Hypermyriorama

Hy`per*myr`i*o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A show or exhibition having a great number of scenes or views.

Hyperoartia

Hy`per*o*ar"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of marsipobranchs including the lampreys. The suckerlike moth contains numerous teeth; the nasal opening is in the middle of the head above, but it does not connect with the mouth. See Cyclostoma, and Lamprey.

Hyperopia

Hy`per*o"pi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Hypermetropia. -- Hy`per*op"tic (#), a.

Hyperorganic

Hy`per*or*gan"ic (?), a. [Pref. hyper- + organic.] Higher than, or beyond the sphere of, the organic. Sir W. Hamilton.

Hyperorthodoxy

Hy`per*or"tho*dox`y (?), n. Orthodoxy pushed to excess.

Hyperotreta

Hy`per*o*tre"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of marsipobranchs, including the Myxine or hagfish and the genus Bdellostoma. They have barbels around the mouth, one tooth on the plate, and a communication between tionnasal aperture and the throat. See Hagfish. [Written also Hyperotreti.]

Hyperoxide

Hy`per*ox"ide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound having a relatively large percentage of oxygen; a peroxide. [Obs.]

Hyperoxygenated, Hyperoxygenized

Hy`per*ox"y*gen*a`ted (?), Hy`per*ox"y*gen*ized (?), a. (Chem.) Combined with a relatively large amount of oxygen; -- said of higher oxides. [Obs.]

Hyperoxymuriate

Hy`per*ox`y*mu"ri*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A perchlorate. [Obs.]

Hyperoxymuriatic

Hy`per*ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Perchloric; as, hyperoxymuriatic acid. [Obs.]

Hyperphysical

Hy`per*phys"ic*al (?), a. Above or transcending physical laws; supernatural.
Those who do not fly to some hyperphysical hypothesis. Sir W. Hamilton.

Hyperplasia

Hy`per*pla"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med. & Biol.) An increase in, or excessive growth of, the normal elements of any part. &hand; Hyperplasia relates to the formation of new elements, hypertrophy being an increase in bulk of preexisting normal elements. Dunglison.

Hyperplastic

Hy`per*plas"tic (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to hyperplasia.

2. (Biol.) Tending to excess of formative action.

Hypern\'d2a

Hy`per*n\'d2"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.) Abnormal breathing, due to slightly deficient arterialization of the blood; -- in distinction from eupn\'d2a. See Eupn\'d2a, and Dispn\'d2a.

Hyperpyrexia

Hy`per*py*rex"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Hyper-, and Pyrexia.] (Med.) A condition of excessive fever; an elevation of temperature in a disease, in excess of the limit usually observed in that disease.

Hypersecretion

Hy`per*se*cre"tion (?), n. (Med.) Morbid or excessive secretion, as in catarrh.

Hypersensibility

Hy`per*sen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. See Hyper\'91sthesia.

Hyperspace

Hy"per*space (?), n. [Pref. hyper- + space.] (Geom.) An imagined space having more than three dimensions.

Hypersthene

Hy"per*sthene (?), n. [Gr. hyperst\'8ane.] (Min.) An orthorhombic mineral of the pyroxene group, of a grayish or greenish black color, often with a peculiar bronzelike luster (schiller) on the cleavage surface.

Hypersthenic

Hy`per*sthen"ic (?), a. (Min.) Composed of, or containing, hypersthene.

Hyperthetical

Hy`per*thet"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Exaggerated; excessive; hyperbolical. [Obs.]
Hyperthetical or superlative . . . expression. Chapman.

Hyperthyrion

Hy`per*thyr"i*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Arch.) That part of the architrave which is over a door or window.

Hypertrophic, Hypertrophical

Hy`per*troph"ic (?), Hy`per*troph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. hypertrophique.] (Med. & Biol.) Of or pertaining to hypertrophy; affected with, or tending to, hypertrophy.

Hypertrophied

Hy*per"tro*phied (?), a. (Med. & Biol.) Excessively developed; characterized by hypertrophy.

Hypertrophy

Hy*per"tro*phy (?), n. [Gr. hypertrophie.] (Med. & Biol.) A condition of overgrowth or excessive development of an organ or part; -- the opposite of atrophy.

Hyph\'91

Hy"ph\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "yfh` a web.] (Bot.) The long, branching filaments of which the mycelium (and the greater part of the plant) of a fungus is formed. They are also found enveloping the gonidia of lichens, making up a large part of their structure.

Hyphen

Hy"phen (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Hypo-.] (Print.) A mark or short dash, thus [-], placed at the end of a line which terminates with a syllable of a word, the remainder of which is carried to the next line; or between the parts of many a compound word; as in fine-leaved, clear-headed. It is also sometimes used to separate the syllables of words.

Hyphen

Hy"phen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hyphened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hyphening.] To connect with, or separate by, a hyphen, as two words or the parts of a word.

Hyphenated

Hy"phen*a`ted (?), a. United by hyphens; hyphened; as, a hyphenated or hyphened word.

Hyphomycetes

Hy`pho*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) One of the great division of fungi, containing those species which have naked spores borne on free or only fasciculate threads. M. J. Berkley.

Hypidiomorphic

Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + idiomorphic.] (Crystallog.) Partly idiomorphic; -- said of rock a portion only of whose constituents have a distinct crystalline form. -- Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic*al*ly (#), adv.

Hypinosis

Hyp`i*no"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A diminution in the normal amount of fibrin present in the blood.

Hypnagogic

Hyp`na*gog"ic (?), a. [Gr. Leading to sleep; -- applied to the illusions of one who is half asleep.

Hypnobate

Hyp"no*bate (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. A somnambulist. [R.]

Hypnocyst

Hyp"no*cyst (?), n. [Gr. cyst.] (Biol.) A cyst in which some unicellular organisms temporarily inclose themselves, from which they emerge unchanged, after a period of drought or deficiency of food. In some instances, a process of spore formation seems to occur within such cysts.

Hypnogenic

Hyp`no*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Relating to the production of hypnotic sleep; as, the so-called hypnogenic pressure points, pressure upon which is said to cause an attack of hypnotic sleep. De Watteville.

Hypnologist

Hyp*nol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in hypnology.

Hypnology

Hyp*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A treatise on sleep; the doctrine of sleep.

Hypnosis

Hyp*no"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Supervention of sleep.

Hypnotic

Hyp*not"ic (?), a. [Gr. somnus, and E. somnolent: cf. F. hypnotique.]

1. Having the quality of producing sleep; tending to produce sleep; soporific.

2. Of or pertaining to hypnotism; in a state of hypnotism; liable to hypnotism; as, a hypnotic condition.

Hypnotic

Hyp*not"ic, n.

1. Any agent that produces, or tends to produce, sleep; an opiate; a soporific; a narcotic.

2. A person who exhibits the phenomena of, or is subject to, hypnotism.

Hypnotism

Hyp"no*tism (?), n. [Gr. hypnotisme.] A form of sleep or somnambulism brought on by artificial means, in which there is an unusual suspension of some powers, and an unusual activity of others. It is induced by an action upon the nerves, through the medium of the senses, as in persons of very feeble organization, by gazing steadly at a very bright object held before the eyes, or by pressure upon certain points of the surface of the body.

Hypnotization

Hyp`no*ti*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of producing hypnotism.

Hypnotize

Hyp"no*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hypnotized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hypnotizing (?).] To induce hypnotism in; to place in a state of hypnotism.

Hypnotizer

Hyp"no*ti`zer (?), n. One who hypnotizes.

Hypnum

Hyp"num (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The largest genus of true mosses; feather moss.

Hypo-

Hy"po- (?). [Gr. sub. See Sub-.]

1. A prefix signifying a less quantity, or a low state or degree, of that denoted by the word with which it is joined, or position under or beneath.

2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting that the element to the name of which it is prefixed enters with a low valence, or in a low state of oxidization, usually the lowest, into the compounds indicated; as, hyposulphurous acid.

Hypo

Hy"po (?), n. Hypochondria. [Colloq.]

Hypo

Hy"po, n. [Abbrev. from hyposulphite.] (Photog.) Sodium hyposulphite, or thiosulphate, a solution of which is used as a bath to wash out the unchanged silver salts in a picture. [Colloq.]

Hypoarian

Hy`po*a"ri*an (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a hypoarion.

Hypoarion

Hy`po*a"ri*on (?), n.; pl. Hypoaria (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) An oval lobe beneath each of the optic lobes in many fishes; one of the inferior lobes. Owen.

Hypoblast

Hy"po*blast (?), n. [Pref. hypo- + -blast.] (Biol.) The inner or lower layer of the blastoderm; -- called also endoderm, entoderm, and sometimes hypoderm. See Illust. of Blastoderm, Delamination, and Ectoderm.

Hypoblastic

Hy`po*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to, or connected with, the hypoblast; as, the hypoic sac.

Hypobole

Hy*pob"o*le (?), n. [Gr. (Rhet.) A figure in which several things are mentioned that seem to make against the argument, or in favor of the opposite side, each of them being refuted in order.

Hypobranchial

Hy`po*bran"chi*al (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + branchial.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the segment between the basibranchial and the ceratobranchial in a branchial arch. -- n. A hypobranchial bone or cartilage.

Hypocarp, Hypocarpium

Hy"po*carp (?), Hy`po*car"pi*um (?), n. [NL. hypocarpium, fr. Gr. (Bot.) A fleshy enlargement of the receptacle, or for the stem, below the proper fruit, as in the cashew. See Illust. of Cashew.
Page 721

Hypocarpogean

Hy`po*car`po*ge"an (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.) Producing fruit below the ground.

Hypocaust

Hyp"o*caust (?), n. [L. hypocaustum, Gr. hypocauste.] (Anc. Arch.) A furnace, esp. one connected with a series of small chambers and flues of tiles or other masonry through which the heat of a fire was distributed to rooms above. This contrivance, first used in bath, was afterwards adopted in private houses.

Hypochlorite

Hy`po*chlo"rite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hypochlorous acid; as, a calcium hypochloride.

Hypochlorous

Hy`po*chlo"rous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + chlorous.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine having a valence lower than in chlorous compounds. Hypochlorous acid (Chem.), an acid derived from chlorine, not known in a pure state, but forming various salts, called hypochlorites.

Hypochondres

Hy`po*chon"dres (?), n. pl. [F. hypocondres, formerly spely hypochondres.] The hypochondriac regions. See Hypochondrium.

Hypochondria

Hy`po*chon"dri*a (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Hypochondriasis; melancholy; the blues.<-- as of 1990, the preferred name for the condition in which a person has a morbid concern about illnesses which he imagines are affecting him -->

Hypochondriac

Hy`po*chon"dri*ac (?), a. [Gr. hypocondriaque, formerly spelt hypochondriaque.]

1. Of or pertaining to hypochondria, or the hypochondriac regions.

2. Affected, characterized, or produced, by hypochondriasis. Hypochondriac region (Anat.), a region on either side of the abdomen beneath the cartilages of the false ribs, beside the epigastric, and above the lumbar, region.

Hypochondriac

Hy`po*chon"dri*ac, n. A person affected with hypochondriasis.
He had become an incurable hypochondriac. Macaulay.

Hypochondriacal

Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal (?), a. Same as Hypochondriac, 2. -- Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal*ly, adv.

Hypochondriacism

Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cism (?), n. (Med.) Hypochondriasis. [R.]

Hypochondriasis

Hy`po*chon"dri*a*sis (?), n. [NL. So named because supposed to have its seat in the hypochondriac regions. See Hypochondriac, Hypochondrium, and cf. Hyp, 1st Hypo.] (Med.) A mental disorder in which melancholy and gloomy views torment the affected person, particularly concerning his own health.

Hypochondriasm

Hy`po*chon"dri*asm (?), n. (Med.) Hypochondriasis. [R.]

Hypochondrium

Hy`po*chon"dri*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hypochondria (#), E. Hypochondriums (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.) Either of the hypochondriac regions.

Hypochondry

Hy`po*chon"dry (?), n. Hypochondriasis.

Hypocist

Hyp"o*cist (?), n. [Gr. Cistus.] An astringent inspissated juice obtained from the fruit of a plant (Cytinus hypocistis), growing from the roots of the Cistus, a small European shrub.

Hypocleidium

Hy`po*clei"di*um (?), n.; pl. L. Hypocleida (#), E. Hypocleidiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) A median process on the furculum, or merrythought, of many birds, where it is connected with the sternum.

Hypocoristic

Hyp`o*co*ris"tic (?), a. [Gr. Endearing; diminutive; as, the hypocoristic form of a name.
The hypocoristic or pet form of William. Dr. Murray.

Hypocrateriform

Hyp`o*cra*ter"i*form (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + -form.] (Bot.) hypocraterimorphous; salver-shaped. Wood.

Hypocraterimorphous

Hyp`o*cra*ter`i*mor"phous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.) Salver-shaped; having a slender tube, expanding suddenly above into a bowl-shaped or spreading border, as in the blossom of the phlox and the lilac.

Hpocrisy

H*poc"ri*sy (?), n.; pl. Hypocrisies (#). [OE. hypocrisie, ypocrisie, OF. hypocrisie, ypocrisie, F. hypocrisie, L. hypocrisis, fr. Gr. Hypo-, and Critic.] The act or practice of a hypocrite; a feigning to be what one is not, or to feel what one does not feel; a dissimulation, or a concealment of one's real character, disposition, or motives; especially, the assuming of false appearance of virtue or religion; a simulation of goodness.
Hypocrisy is the necessary burden of villainy. Rambler.
Hypocrisy is the homage vice pays to virtue. La Rochefoucauld (Trans. ).

Hypocrite

Hyp"o*crite (?), n. [F., fr. L. hypocrita, Gr. Hypocrisy.] One who plays a part; especially, one who, for the purpose of winning approbation of favor, puts on a fair outside seeming; one who feigns to be other and better than he is; a false pretender to virtue or piety; one who simulates virtue or piety.
The hypocrite's hope shall perish. Job viii. 13.
I dare swear he is no hypocrite, but prays from his heart. Shak.
Syn. -- Deceiver; pretender; cheat. See Dissembler.

Hypocritely

Hyp"o*crite*ly, adv. Hypocritically. [R.] Sylvester.

Hypocritic

Hyp`o*crit"ic (?), a. See Hypocritical. Swift.

Hypocritical

Hyp`o*crit"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. hypocritique.] Of or pertaining to a hypocrite, or to hypocrisy; as, a hypocriticalperson; a hypocritical look; a hypocritical action.
Hypocritical professions of friendship and of pacific intentions were not spared. Macaulay.
-- Hyp`o*crit"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Hypocrystalline

Hyp`o*crys"tal*line (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + crystalline.] (Crystallog.) Partly crystalline; -- said of rock which consists of crystals imbedded in a glassy ground mass.

Hypocycloid

Hy`po*cy"cloid (?), n. [Pref. hypo- + cycloid: cf. F. hypocyclo\'8bde.] (Geom.) A curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle which rolls on the concave side in the fixed circle. Cf. Epicycloid, and Trochoid.

Hypodactylum

Hyp`o*dac"ty*lum (?), n.; pl. -tyla (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The under side of the toes.

Hypoderm

Hyp"o*derm (?), n. [Pref. hypo- + -derm.] (Biol.) Same as Hypoblast.

Hypoderma

Hyp`o*der"ma (?), n. [NL. See Hypo, and derma.]

1. (Bot.) A layer of tissue beneath the epidermis in plants, and performing the physiological function of strengthening the epidermal tissue. In phanerogamous plants it is developed as collenchyma.

2. (Zo\'94l.) An inner cellular layer which lies beneath the chitinous cuticle of arthropods, annelids, and some other invertebrates.

Hypodermatic

Hyp`o*der*mat"ic (?), a. Hypodermic. -- Hyp`o*der*mat"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Hypodermic

Hyp`o*der"mic (?), a. [See Hypoderma.] Of or pertaining to the parts under the skin. Hypodermic medication, the application of remedies under the epidermis, usually by means of a small syringe, called the hypodermic syringe. -- Hyp`o*der"mic*al*ly (#), adv.

Hypodermis

Hyp`o*der"mis (?), n. [NL. See Hypo-, and Derma.]

1. (Biol.) Same as Hypoblast.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Hypoderma, 2.

Hypodicrotic, Hypodicrotous

Hyp`o*di*crot"ic (?), Hyp`o*di"cro*tous (?), a. (Physiol.) Exhibiting retarded dicrotism; as, a hypodicrotic pulse curve.

Hypog\'91ic

Hyp`o*g\'91"ic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. gai^a, gh^, earth.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, the peanut, or earthnut (Arachis hypog\'91a). Hypog\'91ic acid (Chem.), an acid in the oil of the earthnut, in which it exists as a glyceride, and from which it is extracted as a white, crystalline substance.

Hypogastric

Hyp`o*gas"tric (?), a. [Cf. F. hypogastrique. See Hypogastrium.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hypogastrium or the hypogastric region. Hypogastric region. (a) The lower part of the abdomen. (b) An arbitrary division of the abdomen below the umbilical and between the two iliac regions.

Hypogastrium

Hyp`o*gas"tri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The lower part of the abdomen.

Hypogean

Hyp`o*ge"an (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.) Hypogeous. [Written also hypog\'91an.]

Hypogene

Hyp"o*gene (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + the root of Gr. hypog\'8ane.] (Geol.) Formed or crystallized at depths the earth's surface; -- said of granite, gneiss, and other rocks, whose crystallization is believed of have taken place beneath a great thickness of overlying rocks. Opposed to epigene.

Hypogeous

Hyp`o*ge"ous (?), a. [See Hypogean.] (Bot.) Growing under ground; remaining under ground; ripening its fruit under ground. [Written also hypog\'91ous.]

Hypogeum

Hyp`o*ge"um (?), n.; pl. Hypogea (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Arch.) The subterraneous portion of a building, as in amphitheaters, for the service of the games; also, subterranean galleries, as the catacombs.

Hypoglossal

Hyp`o*glos"sal (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Anat.) Under the tongue; -- applied esp., in the higher vertebrates, to the twelfth or last pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the base of the tongue. -- n. One of the hypoglossal nerves.

Hypognatous

Hy*pog"na*tous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the maxilla, or lower jaw, longer than the upper, as in the skimmer.

Hypogyn

Hyp"o*gyn (?), n. (Bot.) An hypogynous plant.

Hypogynous

Hy*pog"y*nous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. hypogyne.] (Bot.) Inserted below the pistil or pistils; -- said of sepals, petals, and stamens; having the sepals, petals, and stamens inserted below the pistil; -- said of a flower or a plant. Gray.

Hypohyal

Hy`po*hy"al (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Greek letter (Anat.) Pertaining to one or more small elements in the hyoidean arch of fishes, between the caratohyal and urohyal. -- n. One of the hypohyal bones or cartilages.

Hyponastic

Hy`po*nas"tic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.) Exhibiting a downward convexity caused by unequal growth. Cf. Epinastic.

Hyponasty

Hy`po*nas"ty (?), n. (Bot.) Downward convexity, or convexity of the inferior surface.

Hyponitrite

Hy`po*ni"trite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hyponitrous acid.

Hyponitrous

Hy`po*ni"trous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + nitrous.] (Chem.) Containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence than in nitrous compounds. Hyponitrous acid (Chem.), an unstable nitrogen acid, NOH, whose salts are produced by reduction of the nitrates, although the acid itself is not isolated in the free state except as a solution in water; -- called also nitrosylic acid.

Hypopharynx

Hy`po*phar"ynx (?), n. [NL. See Hypo-, and Pharynx.] (Zo\'94l.) An appendage or fold on the lower side of the pharynx, in certain insects.

Hypophosphate

Hy`po*phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hypophosphoric acid.

Hypophosphite

Hy`po*phos"phite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hypophosphorous acid.

Hypophosphoric

Hy`po*phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + phosphoric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphoric acid. Hypophosphoric acid (Chem.), an acid, P2H4O6, produced by the slow oxidation of moist phosphorus, and isolated only as a solution in water. It is regarded as a condensation product of one molecule of phosphoric acid with one of phosphorous acid, by partial dehydration.

Hypophosphorous

Hy`po*phos"phor*ous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + phosphorous.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphorous acid. Hypophosphorous acid (Chem.) , an acid, H3PO2, whose salts are produced by the action of barium hygrate on phosphorus. It may be obtained from its water solution, by exaporation and freezing, as a white crystalline substance. It is a powerful reducing agent.

Hypophyllous

Hy*poph"yl*lous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.) Being or growing on the under side of a leaf, as the fruit dots of ferns.

Hypophysial

Hy`po*phys"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hypophysis; pituitary.

Hypophysis

Hy*poph"y*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.) See Pituitary body, under Pituitary.

2. (Med.) Cataract.

Hypoplastron

Hy`po*plas"tron (?), n.; pl. Hypoplastra (#). [Pref. hypo- + plastron.] (Anat.) The third lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also hyposternum.

Hypoptilum

Hy*pop"ti*lum (?), n.; pl. L. Hypoptila (#), E. Hypoptilums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An accessory plume arising from the posterior side of the stem of the contour feathers of many birds; -- called also aftershaft. See Illust. of Feather.

Hyporadius

Hy`po*ra"di*us (?), n.; pl. Hyporadii (#). [Pref. hypo- + radius.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the barbs of the hypoptilum, or aftershaft of a feather. See Feather.

Hyporhachis

Hy`po*rha"chis (?), n.; pl. Hyporhachides (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The stem of an aftershaft or hypoptilum. [Written also hyporachis.]

Hyposkeletal

Hy`po*skel"e*tal (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + skeletal.] (Anat.) Beneath the endoskeleton; hypaxial; as, the hyposkeletal muscles; -- opposed to episkeletal.

Hypospadias

Hy`po*spa"di*as (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A deformity of the penis, in which the urethra opens upon its under surface.

Hypostasis

Hy*pos"ta*sis (?), n.; pl. Hypostases (#). [L., fr. Gr. Hypo-, and Stand.]

1. That which forms the basis of anything; underlying principle; a concept or mental entity conceived or treated as an existing being or thing.

2. (Theol.) Substance; subsistence; essence; person; personality; -- used by the early theologians to denote any one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. &hand; The Council of Alexandria (a.d. 362) defined hypostasis as synonymous with person. Schaff-Herzog.

3. Principle; an element; -- used by the alchemists in speaking of salt, sulphur, and mercury, which they considered as the three principles of all material bodies.

4. (Med.) That which is deposited at the bottom of a fluid; sediment.

Hypostasize

Hy*pos"ta*size (?), v. t. To make into a distinct substance; to conceive or treat as an existing being; to hypostatize. [R.]
The pressed Newtonians . . . refused to hypostasize the law of gravitation into an ether. Coleridge.

Hypostatic, Hypostatical

Hy`po*stat"ic (?), Hy`po*stat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. hypostatique.]

1. Relating to hypostasis, or substance; hence, constitutive, or elementary.

The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three hypostatical principles. Boyle.

2. Personal, or distinctly personal; relating to the divine hypostases, or substances. Bp. Pearson.

3. (Med.) Depending upon, or due to, deposition or setting; as, hypostatic cognestion, cognestion due to setting of blood by gravitation. Hypostatic union (Theol.), the union of the divine with the human nature of Christ. Tillotson.

Hypostatically

Hy`po*stat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a hypostatic manner.

Hypostatize

Hy*pos"ta*tize (?), v. t.

1. To make into, or regarded as, a separate and distinct substance.

Looked upon both species and genera as hypostatized universals. Pop. Sci. Monthly.

2. To attribute actual or personal existence to. Sir W. Hamilton.

Hyposternum

Hy`po*ster"num (?), n.; pl. L. Hyposterna (#), E. Hyposternums (#). [Pref. hypo- + sternum.] (Anat.) See Hypoplastron.

Hypostome, Hypostoma

Hy"po*stome (?), Hy*pos"to*ma (?), n. [NL. hypostoma, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The lower lip of trilobites, crustaceans, etc.

Hypostrophe

Hy*pos"tro*phe (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) The act of a patient turning himself. (b) A relapse, or return of a disease.
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Hypostyle

Hy"po*style (?), a. [Gr. (Arch.) Resting upon columns; constructed by means of columns; -- especially applied to the great hall at Karnak.

Hyposulphate

Hy`po*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of hyposulphuric acid.

Hyposulphite

Hy`po*sul"phite (?), n. (Chem.) (a) A salt of what was formerly called hyposulphurous acid; a thiosulphate. [Obs.] (b) A salt of hyposulphurous acid proper.

Hyposulphuric

Hy`po*sul*phur"ic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + sulphuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur in a lower state of oxidation than in the sulphuric compounds; as, hyposulphuric acid. Hyposulphuric acid, an acid, H2S2O6, obtained by the action of manganese dioxide on sulphur dioxide, and known only in a watery solution and in its salts; -- called also dithionic acid. See Dithionic.

Hyposulphurous

Hy`po*sul"phur*ous (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + sulphurous.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur, all, or a part, in a low state of oxidation. Hyposulphurous acid. (a) Thiosulphuric acid. [Obs.] (b) An acid, H2SO2, obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. It is not obtained in the free state, but in an orange-yellow water solution, which is a strong reducing and bleaching agent. Called also hydrosulphurous acid.

Hypotarsus

Hy`po*tar"sus (?), n.; pl. Hypotarsi (#). [NL. See Hypo-, and Tarsus.] (Anat.) A process on the posterior side of the tarsometatarsus of many birds; the calcaneal process. -- Hy`po*tar"sal (#), a.

Hypotenuse, Hypothenuse

Hy*pot"e*nuse (?), Hy*poth"e*nuse (?), n. [L. hypotenusa, Gr. Subtend.] (Geom.) The side of a right-angled triangle that is opposite to the right angle.

Hypothec

Hy*poth"ec (?), n. [F. hypoth\'8aque. See Hypotheca.] (Scot. Law) A landlord's right, independently of stipulation, over the stocking (cattle, implements, etc.), and crops of his tenant, as security for payment of rent.

Hypotheca

Hy`po*the"ca (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Hypothesis.] (Rom. Law) An obligation by which property of a debtor was made over to his creditor in security of his debt. &hand; It differed from pledge in regard to possession of the property subject to the obligation; pledge requiring, simple hypotheca not requiring, possession of it by the creditor. The modern mortgage corresponds very closely with it. Kent.

Hypothecate

Hy*poth"e*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hypothecated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hypothecating (?).] [LL. hypothecatus, p.p. of hypothecare to pledge, fr. L. hypotheca pledge, security. See Hypotheca.] (Law) To subject, as property, to liability for a debt or engagement without delivery of possession or transfer of title; to pledge without delivery of possession; to mortgage, as ships, or other personal property; to make a contract by bottomry. See Hypothecation, Bottomry.
He had found the treasury empty and the pay of the navy in arrear. He had no power to hypothecate any part of the public revenue. Those who lent him money lent it on no security but his bare word. Macaulay.

Hypothecation

Hy*poth`e*ca"tion (?), n. [LL. hypothecatio.]

1. (Civ. Law) The act or contract by which property is hypothecated; a right which a creditor has in or to the property of his debtor, in virtue of which he may cause it to be sold and the price appropriated in payment of his debt. This is a right in the thing, or jus in re. Pothier. B. R. Curtis.

There are but few cases, if any, in our law, where an hypothecation, in the strict sense of the Roman law, exists; that is a pledge without possession by the pledgee. Story.
&hand; In the modern civil law, this contract has no application to movable property, not even to ships, to which and their cargoes it is most frequently applied in England and America. See Hypothecate. B. R. Curtis. Domat.

2. (Law of Shipping) A contract whereby, in consideration of money advanced for the necessities of the ship, the vessel, freight, or cargo is made liable for its repayment, provided the ship arrives in safety. It is usually effected by a bottomry bond. See Bottomry. &hand; This term is often applied to mortgages of ships.

Hypothecator

Hy*poth"e*ca`tor (?), n. (Law) One who hypothecates or pledges anything as security for the repayment of money borrowed.

Hypothenal, Hypothenar

Hy*poth"e*nal (?), Hy*poth"e*nar (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + thenar.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prominent part of the palm of the hand above the base of the little finger, or a corresponding part in the forefoot of an animal; as, the hypothenar eminence.

Hypothenar

Hy*poth"e*nar (?), n. (Anat.) The hypothenar eminence.

Hypothenusal

Hy*poth`e*nu"sal (?), a. Of or pertaining to hypothenuse. [R.]

Hypothenuse

Hy*poth"e*nuse (?), n. Same as Hypotenuse.

Hypothesis

Hy*poth"e*sis (?), n.; pl. Hypotheses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Hypo-, Thesis.]

1. A supposition; a proposition or principle which is supposed or taken for granted, in order to draw a conclusion or inference for proof of the point in question; something not proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument, or to account for a fact or an occurrence; as, the hypothesis that head winds detain an overdue steamer.

An hypothesis being a mere supposition, there are no other limits to hypotheses than those of the human imagination. J. S. Mill.

2. (Natural Science) A tentative theory or supposition provisionally adopted to explain certain facts, and to guide in the investigation of others; hence, frequently called a working hypothesis. Syn. -- Supposition; assumption. See Theory. Nebular hypothesis. See under Nebular.

Hypothetic, Hypothetical

Hy`po*thet"ic (?), Hy`po*thet"ic*al (?), a. [L. hypotheticus, Gr. hypoth\'82tique.] Characterized by, or of the nature of, an hypothesis; conditional; assumed without proof, for the purpose of reasoning and deducing proof, or of accounting for some fact or phenomenon.
Causes hypothetical at least, if not real, for the various phenomena of the existence of which our experience informs us. Sir W. Hamilton.
Hypothetical baptism (Ch. of Eng.), baptism administered to persons in respect to whom it is doubtful whether they have or have not been baptized before. Hook. -- Hy`po*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. South.

Hypothetist

Hy*poth"e*tist (?), n. One who proposes or supports an hypothesis. [R.]

Hypotrachelium

Hy`po*tra*che"li*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Arch.) Same as Gorgerin.

Hypotricha

Hy*pot"ri*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of ciliated Infusoria in which the cilia cover only the under side of the body.

Hypotrochoid

Hy`po*tro"choid (?), n. [Pref. hypo- + trochoid.] (Geom.) A curve, traced by a point in the radius, or radius produced, of a circle which rolls upon the concave side of a fixed circle. See Hypocycloid, Epicycloid, and Trochoid.

Hypotyposis

Hy`po*ty*po"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A vivid, picturesque description of scenes or events.

Hypoxanthin

Hy`po*xan"thin (?), n. [Pref. hypo- + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, closely related to xanthin and uric acid, widely distributed through the animal body, but especially in muscle tissue; -- called also sarcin, sarkin.

Hypozoic

Hy`po*zo"ic (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Geol.) Anterior in age to the lowest rocks which contain organic remains. Lyell.

Hyppish

Hyp"pish (?), a. [From Hyp.] Affected with hypochondria; hypped. [Written also hyppish.]

Hyppogriff

Hyp"po*griff (?), n. See Hyppogriff.

Hypsiloid

Hyp"si*loid (?), a. [From -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling the Greek letter

Hypsometer

Hyp*som"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring heights by observation of barometric pressure; esp., one for determining heights by ascertaining the boiling point of water. It consists of a vessel for water, with a lamp for heating it, and an inclosed thermometer for showing the temperature of ebullition.

Hypsometric, Hypsometrical

Hyp`so*met"ric (?), Hyp`so*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to hypsometry.

Hypsometry

Hyp*som"e*try (?), n. That branch of the science of geodesy which has to do with the measurement of heights, either absolutely with reference to the sea level, or relatively.

Hypural

Hy*pu"ral (?), a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Anat.) Under the tail; -- applied to the bones which support the caudal fin rays in most fishes.

Hyracoid

Hy"ra*coid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Hyracoidea. -- n. One of the Hyracoidea.

Hyracoidea

Hyr`a*coi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Hyrax, and oid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of small hoofed mammals, comprising the single living genus Hyrax.

Hyrax

Hy"rax (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any animal of the genus Hyrax, of which about four species are known. They constitute the order Hyracoidea. The best known species are the daman (H. Syriacus) of Palestine, and the klipdas (H. capensis) of South Africa. Other species are H. arboreus and H. Sylvestris, the former from Southern, and the latter from Western, Africa. See Daman.

Hyrcanian, Hyrcan

Hyr*ca"ni*an (?), Hyr"can (?), a. Of or pertaining to Hyrcania, an ancient country or province of Asia, southeast of the Caspian (which was also called the Hyracanian) Sea. "The Hyrcan tiger." "Hyracanian deserts." Shak.

Hyrse

Hyrse (?), n. [G. hirse, OHG. hirsi.] (Bot.) Millet.

Hyrst

Hyrst (?), n. A wood. See Hurst.

Hyson

Hy"son (?), n. [Chin. hi-tshun, lit., first crop, or blooming spring.] A fragrant kind of green tea. Hyson skin, the light and inferior leaves separated from the hyson by a winnowing machine. M'Culloch.

Hyssop

Hys"sop (?), n. [OE. hysope, ysope, OF. ysope, F. hysope, hyssope, L. hysopum, hyssopum, hyssopus, Gr. &emac;sov.] A plant (Hyssopus officinalis). The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. &hand; The hyssop of Scripture is supposed to be a species of caper (Capparis spinosa), but probably the name was used for several different plants.

Hysteranthous

Hys`ter*an"thous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having the leaves expand after the flowers have opened. Henslow.

Hysteresis

Hys`te*re"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Physics) A lagging or retardation of the effect, when the forces acting upon a body are changed, as if from velocity or internal friction; a temporary resistance to change from a condition previously invuced, observed in magnetism, thermoelectricity, etc., on reversal of polarity.

Hysteria

Hys*te"ri*a (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. hyst\'82rie. See Hysteric.] (Med.) A nervous affection, occurring almost exclusively in women, in which the emotional and reflex excitability is exaggerated, and the will power correspondingly diminished, so that the patient loses control over the emotions, becomes the victim of imaginary sensations, and often falls into paroxism or fits. &hand; The chief symptoms are convulsive, tossing movements of the limbs and head, uncontrollable crying and laughing, and a choking sensation as if a ball were lodged in the throat. The affection presents the most varied symptoms, often simulating those of the gravest diseases, but generally curable by mental treatment alone.

Hysteric, Hysterical

Hys*ter"ic (?), Hys*ter"ic*al (?), a. [L. hystericus, Gr. utter, out.] Of or pertaining to hysteria; affected, or troubled, with hysterics; convulsive, fitful.
With no hysteric weakness or feverish excitement, they preserved their peace and patience. Bancroft.

Hysterics

Hys*ter"ics (?), n. pl. (Med.) Hysteria.

Hysteroepilepsy

Hys`ter*o*ep"i*lep`sy (?), n. [Hysteria + epilepsy.] (Med.) A disease resembling hysteria in its nature, and characterized by the occurrence of epileptiform convulsions, which can often be controlled or excited by pressure on the ovaries, and upon other definite points in the body. -- Hys`ter*o*ep`i*lep"tic (#), a.

Hysterogenic

Hys`ter*o*gen"ic (?), a. [Hysteria + root of Gr. (Physiol.) Producing hysteria; as, the hysterogenicpressure points on the surface of the body, pressure upon which is said both to produce and arrest an attack of hysteria. De Watteville.

Hysterology

Hys`ter*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. hyst\'82rologie.] (Rhet.) A figure by which the ordinary course of thought is inverted in expression, and the last put first; -- called also hysteron proteron.

Hysteron proteron

Hys"te*ron prot"e*ron (?). [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) (a) A figure in which the natural order of sense is reversed; hysterology; as, valet atque vivit, "he is well and lives." (b) An inversion of logical order, in which the conclusion is put before the premises, or the thing proved before the evidence.

Hysterophyte

Hys*ter"o*phyte (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A plant, like the fungus, which lives on dead or living organic matter. -- Hys`ter*oph"y*tal (#), a.

Hysterotomy

Hys`ter*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. hyst\'82rotomie.] (Med.) The C\'91sarean section. See under C\'91sarean.

Hystricine

Hys"tri*cine (?), a. [See Hystrix.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the porcupines.

Hystricomorphous

Hys`tri*co*mor"phous (?), a. [Hystrix + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or allied to, the porcupines; -- said of a group (Hystricomorpha) of rodents.

Hystrix

Hys"trix (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of rodents, including the porcupine.

Hythe

Hythe (?), n. A small haven. See Hithe. [Obs.]
Page 723


Page 723

I.

I

I (?).

1. I, the ninth letter of the English alphabet, takes its form from the Ph\'d2nician, through the Latin and the Greek. The Ph\'d2nician letter was probably of Egyptian origin. Its original value was nearly the same as that of the Italian I, or long e as in mete. Etymologically I is most closely related to e, y, j, g; as in dint, dent, beverage, L. bibere; E. kin, AS. cynn; E. thin, AS. ynne; E. dominion, donjon, dungeon. In English I has two principal vowel sounds: the long sound, as in p\'c6ne, \'c6ce; and the short sound, as in p&icr;n. It has also three other sounds: (a) That of e in term, as in thirst. (b) That of e in mete (in words of foreign origin), as in machine, pique, regime. (c) That of consonant y (in many words in which it precedes another vowel), as in bunion, million, filial, Christian, etc. It enters into several digraphs, as in fail, field, seize, feign. friend; and with o often forms a proper diphtong, as in oil, join, coin.

See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 98-106.

The dot which we place over the small or lower case i dates only from the 14th century. The sounds of I and J were originally represented by the same character, and even after the introduction of the form J into English dictionaries, words containing these letters were, till a comparatively recent time, classed together.

2. In our old authors, I was often used for ay (or aye), yes, which is pronounced nearly like it.

3. As a numeral, I stands for 1, II for 2, etc.

I-

I- (?), prefix. See Y-.

I

I (?), pron. [poss. My (?) or Mine (; object. Me (?). pl. nom. We (; poss. Our (?) or Ours (; object. Us (?).] [OE. i, ich, ic, AS. ic; akin to OS. & D. ik, OHG. ih, G. ich, Icel. ek, Dan. jeg, Sw. jag, Goth. ik, OSlav. az', Russ. ia, W. i, L. ego, Gr. aham. &root;179. Cf. Egoism.] The nominative case of the pronoun of the first person; the word with which a speaker or writer denotes himself.

Iamatology

I*am`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Med.) Materia Medica; that branch of therapeutics which treats of remedies.

Iamb

I"amb (?), n. [Cf. F. iambe. See Lambus.] An iambus or iambic. [R.]

Iambic

I*am"bic (?), a. [L. iambicus, Gr. iambique.]

1. (Pros.) Consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented; as, an iambic foot.

2. Pertaining to, or composed of, iambics; as, an iambic verse; iambic meter. See Lambus.

Iambic

I*am"bic, n.

1. (Pros.) (a) An iambic foot; an iambus. (b) A verse composed of iambic feet. &hand; The following couplet consists of iambic verses.

Thy gen- | ius calls | thee not | to pur- | chase fame In keen | iam- | bics, but | mild an- | agram. Dryden.

2. A satirical poem (such poems having been anciently written in iambic verse); a satire; a lampoon.

Iambical

I*am"bic*al (?), a. Iambic. [Obs. or R.]

Iambically

I*am"bic*al*ly, adv. In a iambic manner; after the manner of iambics.

Iambize

I*am"bize (?), v. t. [Gr. To satirize in iambics; to lampoon. [R.]

Iambus

I*am"bus (?), n.; pl. L. Iambi (#), E. Iambuses (#). [L. iambus, Gr. jacere to throw. Cf. Jet a shooting forth.] (Pros.) A foot consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, as in &acr;m\'bens, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one, as invent; an iambic. See the Couplet under Iambic, n.

Ianthina

I*an"thi*na (?), n.; pl. L. Ianthin\'91 (#), E. Ianthinas (#). [NL., fr. L. ianthinus violet-blue, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any gastropod of the genus Ianthina, of which various species are found living in mid ocean; -- called also purple shell, and violet snail. [Written also janthina.] &hand; It floats at the surface by means of a raft, which it constructs by forming and uniting together air bubbles of hardened mucus. The Tyrian purple of the ancients was obtained in part from mollusks of this genus.

Iatraliptic

I*a`tra*lip"tic (?), a. [Gr. iatraliptique.] Treating diseases by anointing and friction; as, the iatraliptic method. [Written also iatroleptic.]

Iatric, Iatrical

I*at"ric (?), I*at"ric*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to medicine, or to medical men.

Iatrochemical

I*a`tro*chem"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to iatrochemistry, or to the iatrochemists.

Iatrochemist

I*a`tro*chem"ist (?), n. [Gr. chemist.] A physician who explained or treated diseases upon chemical principles; one who practiced iatrochemistry.

Iatrochemistry

I*a`tro*chem"is*try (?), n. Chemistry applied to, or used in, medicine; -- used especially with reference to the doctrines in the school of physicians in Flanders, in the 17th century, who held that health depends upon the proper chemical relations of the fluids of the body, and who endeavored to explain the conditions of health or disease by chemical principles.

Iatromathematical

I*a`tro*math`e*mat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to iatromathematicians or their doctrine.

Iatromathematician

I*a`tro*math`e*ma*ti"cian (?), n. [Gr. mathematician.] (Hist. Med.) One of a school of physicians in Italy, about the middle of the 17th century, who tried to apply the laws of mechanics and mathematics to the human body, and hence were eager student of anatomy; -- opposed to the iatrochemists.

Iberian

I*be"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Iberia.

Ibex

I"bex (?), n.; pl. E. Ibexes (#), L. Ibices (#). [L., a kind of goat, the chamois.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of wild goats having very large, recurved horns, transversely ridged in front; -- called also steinbok. &hand; The Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) is the best known. The Spanish, or Pyrenean, ibex (C. Hispanica) has smoother and more spreading horns.

Ibidem

I*bi"dem (?), adv. [L.] In the same place; -- abbreviated ibid. or ib.

Ibis

I"bis (?), n. [L. ibis, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genus Ibis and several allied genera, of the family Ibid\'91, inhabiting both the Old World and the New. Numerous species are known. They are large, wading birds, having a long, curved beak, and feed largely on reptiles. &hand; The sacred ibis of the ancient Egyptians (Ibis \'92thiopica) has the head and neck black, without feathers. The plumage of the body and wings is white, except the tertiaries, which are lengthened and form a dark purple plume. In ancient times this bird was extensively domesticated in Egypt, but it is now seldom seen so far north. The glossy ibis (Plegadis autumnalis), which is widely distributed both in the Old World and the New, has the head and neck feathered, except between the eyes and bill; the scarlet ibis (Guara rubra) and the white ibis (G. alba) inhabit the West Indies and South America, and are rarely found in the United States. The wood ibis (Tantalus loculator) of America belongs to the Stork family (Ciconid\'91). See Wood ibis.

-ible

-i*ble (?). See -able.

-ic

-ic (?). [L. -icus, Gr. ique.]

1. A suffix signifying, in general, relating to, or characteristic of; as, historic, hygienic, telegraphic, etc.

2. (Chem.) A suffix, denoting that the element indicated enters into certain compounds with its highest valence, or with a valence relatively higher than in compounds where the name of the element ends in -ous; as, ferric, sulphuric. It is also used in the general sense of pertaining to; as, hydric, sodic, calcic.

Icarian

I*ca"ri*an (?), a. [L. Icarius, Gr. Soaring too high for safety, like Icarus; adventurous in flight.

Ice

Ice (?), n. [OE. is, iis, AS. \'c6s; aksin to D. ijs, G. eis, OHG. \'c6s, Icel. \'c6ss, Sw. is, Dan. iis, and perh. to E. iron.]

1. Water or other fluid frozen or reduced to the solid state by cold; frozen water. It is a white or transparent colorless substance, crystalline, brittle, and viscoidal. Its specific gravity (0.92, that of water at 4\'f8 C. being 1.0) being less than that of water, ice floats. &hand; Water freezes at 32\'f8 F. or 0\'f8 Cent., and ice melts at the same temperature. Ice owes its cooling properties to the large amount of heat required to melt it.

2. Concreted sugar. Johnson.

3. Water, cream, custard, etc., sweetened, flavored, and artificially frozen.

4. Any substance having the appearance of ice; as, camphor ice. Anchor ice, ice which sometimes forms about stones and other objects at the bottom of running or other water, and is thus attached or anchored to the ground. -- Bay ice, ice formed in bays, fiords, etc., often in extensive fields which drift out to sea. -- Ground ice, anchor ice. -- Ice age (Geol.), the glacial epoch or period. See under Glacial. -- Ice anchor (Naut.), a grapnel for mooring a vessel to a field of ice. Kane. -- Ice blink [Dan. iisblink], a streak of whiteness of the horizon, caused by the reflection of light from ice not yet in sight. -- Ice boat. (a) A boat fitted with skates or runners, and propelled on ice by sails; an ice yacht. (b) A strong steamboat for breaking a channel through ice. -- Ice box ∨ chest, a box for holding ice; a box in which things are kept cool by means of ice; a refrigerator. -- Ice brook, a brook or stream as cold as ice. [Poetic] Shak. -- Ice cream [for iced cream], cream, milk, or custard, sweetened, flavored, and frozen. -- Ice field, an extensive sheet of ice. -- Ice float, Ice floe, a sheet of floating ice similar to an ice field, but smaller. -- Ice foot, shore ice in Arctic regions; an ice belt. Kane. -- Ice house, a close-covered pit or building for storing ice. -- Ice machine (Physics), a machine for making ice artificially, as by the production of a low temperature through the sudden expansion of a gas or vapor, or the rapid evaporation of a volatile liquid. -- Ice master. See Ice pilot (below). -- Ice pack, an irregular mass of broken and drifting ice. -- Ice paper, a transparent film of gelatin for copying or reproducing; papier glac\'82. -- Ice petrel (Zo\'94l.), a shearwater (Puffinus gelidus) of the Antarctic seas, abundant among floating ice. -- Ice pick, a sharp instrument for breaking ice into small pieces. -- Ice pilot, a pilot who has charge of a vessel where the course is obstructed by ice, as in polar seas; -- called also ice master. -- Ice pitcher, a pitcher adapted for ice water. -- Ice plow, a large tool for grooving and cutting ice. <-- ice sculpture = a sculpture carved from a block of ice, often used for decorating restaurants. ice show an entertainment consisting of ice skaters performing figure-skating on a sheet of ice, usually in an arena, often accompanied by music. --> -- Ice sludge, bay ice broken small by the wind or waves; sludge. -- Ice spar (Min.), a variety of feldspar, the crystals of which are very clear like ice; rhyacolite. -- Ice tongs, large iron nippers for handling ice. -- Ice water. (a) Water cooled by ice. (b) Water formed by the melting of ice. -- Ice yacht. See Ice boat (above). -- To break the ice. See under Break. -- Water ice, a confection consisting of water sweetened, flavored, and frozen.<-- also called Italian ice -->

Ice

Ice (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Icing (?).]

1. To cover with ice; to convert into ice, or into something resembling ice.

2. To cover with icing, or frosting made of sugar and milk or white of egg; to frost, as cakes, tarts, etc.

3. To chill or cool, as with ice; to freeze.

Iceberg

Ice"berg` (?), n. [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. iisbierg, Sw. isberg, properly, a mountain of ice. See Ice, and Berg.] A large mass of ice, generally floating in the ocean. &hand; Icebergs are large detached portions of glaciers, which in cold regions often project into the sea.

Icebird

Ice"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Arctic sea bird, as the Arctic fulmar.

Icebound

Ice"bound` (?), a. Totally surrounded with ice, so as to be incapable of advancing; as, an icebound vessel; also, surrounded by or fringed with ice so as to hinder easy access; as, an icebound coast.

Ice-built

Ice"-built` (?), a.

1. Composed of ice.

2. Loaded with ice. "Ice-built mountains." Gray.

Iced

Iced (?), a.

1. Covered with ice; chilled with ice; as, iced water.

2. Covered with something resembling ice, as sugar icing; frosted; as, iced cake. Iced cream. Same as Ice cream, under Ice.

Icefall

Ice"fall` (?), n. A frozen waterfall, or mass of ice resembling a frozen waterfall. Coleridge.

Icelander

Ice"land*er (?), n. A native, or one of the Scandinavian people, of Iceland.

Icelandic

Ice*lan"dic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Iceland; relating to, or resembling, the Icelanders.

Icelandic

Ice*lan"dic (?), n. The language of the Icelanders. It is one of the Scandinavian group, and is more nearly allied to the Old Norse than any other language now spoken.

Iceland moss

Ice"land moss` (?). (Bot.) A kind of lichen (Cetraria Icelandica) found from the Arctic regions to the North Temperate zone. It furnishes a nutritious jelly and other forms of food, and is used in pulmonary complaints as a demulcent.

Iceland spar

Ice"land spar` (?). (Min.) A transparent variety of calcite, the best of which is obtained in Iceland. It is used for the prisms of the polariscope, because of its strong double refraction. Cf. Calcite.

Iceman

Ice"man (?), n.; pl. Icemen (.

1. A man who is skilled in traveling upon ice, as among glaciers.

2. One who deals in ice; one who retails or delivers ice. <-- The Iceman Cometh (Title of a book) -->

Ice plant

Ice" plant` (?). (Bot.) A plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), sprinkled with pellucid, watery vesicles, which glisten like ice. It is native along the Mediterranean, in the Canaries, and in South Africa. Its juice is said to be demulcent and diuretic; its ashes are used in Spain in making glass. <-- Ice skate = a shoe with a metal runner (called a blade) attached to permit the wearer to glide on ice --> Ice-skater = one who skates on ice wearing an ice skate; esp. an athlete who performs athletic or artistic movements on a sheet of ice, wearing ice skates; including speed skater and figure skater -->
Page 724

Icequake

Ice"quake` (?), n. The crash or concussion attending the breaking up of masses of ice, -- often due to contraction from extreme cold.

Ich

Ich (?), pron. I. [Obs.] Chaucer. &hand; In the Southern dialect of Early English this is the regular form. Cf. Ik.

Ichneumon

Ich*neu"mon (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any carnivorous mammal of the genus Herpestes, and family Viverrid\'91. Numerous species are found in Asia and Africa. The Egyptian species(H. ichneumon), which ranges to Spain and Palestine, is noted for destroying the eggs and young of the crocodile as well as various snakes and lizards, and hence was considered sacred by the ancient Egyptians. The common species of India (H. griseus), known as the mongoose, has similar habits and is often domesticated. It is noted for killing the cobra.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any hymenopterous insect of the family Ichneumonid\'91, of which several thousand species are known, belonging to numerous genera. &hand; The female deposits her eggs upon, or in, the bodies of other insects, such as caterpillars, plant lice, etc. The larva lives upon the internal tissues of the insect in which it is parasitic, and finally kills it. Hence, many of the species are beneficial to agriculture by destroying noxious insects. Ichneumon fly. See Ichneumon, 2.

Ichneumonidan

Ich`neu*mon"i*dan (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Ichneumonid\'91, or ichneumon flies. -- n. One of the Ichneumonid\'91.

Ichneumonides

Ich`neu*mon"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ichneumon.] (Zo\'94l.) The ichneumon flies.

Ichnite

Ich"nite (?), n. [Gr. A fossil footprint; as, the ichnites in the Triassic sandstone. Page.

Ichnographic, Ichnographical

Ich`no*graph"ic (?), Ich`no*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ichonographique.] Of or pertaining to ichonography; describing a ground plot.

Ichnography

Ich*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. ichonographie.] (Drawing) A horizontal section of a building or other object, showing its true dimensions according to a geometric scale; a ground plan; a map; also, the art of making such plans.

Ichnolite

Ich"no*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] A fossil footprint; an ichnite.

Ichnolithology

Ich`no*li*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -lith + -logy.] Same as Ichnology. Hitchcock.

Ichnological

Ich`no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ichnology.

Ichnology

Ich*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Geol.) The branch of science which treats of fossil footprints.

Ichnoscopy

Ich*nos"co*py (?), n. [Gr. -scopy.] The search for the traces of anything. [R.]

Ichor

I"chor (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ichor.]

1. (Class. Myth.) An ethereal fluid that supplied the place of blood in the veins of the gods.

2. A thin, acrid, watery discharge from an ulcer, wound, etc.

Ichorh\'91mia

I`chor*h\'91"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Infection of the blood with ichorous or putrid substances.

Ichorous

I"chor*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. ichoreux.] Of or like ichor; thin; watery; serous; sanious.

Ichthidin

Ich"thi*din (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance from the egg yolk of osseous fishes.

Ichthin

Ich"thin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous substance resembling vitellin, present in the egg yolk of cartilaginous fishes.

Ichthulin

Ich"thu*lin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance from the yolk of salmon's egg.

Ichthus

Ich"thus (?), n. [Gr. In early Christian and eccesiastical art, an emblematic fish, or the Greek word for fish, which combined the initials of the Greek words

Ichthyic

Ich"thy*ic (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, fishes.

Ichthyocol, Ichthyocolla

Ich"thy*o*col (?), Ich`thy*o*col"la (?), n. [L. ichthyocolla, Gr. ichthyocolle.] Fish glue; isinglass; a glue prepared from the sounds of certain fishes.

Ichthyocoprolite

Ich`thy*o*cop"ro*lite (?), n. [Gr. coprolite.] (Geol.) Fossil dung of fishes.

Ichthyodorulite

Ich`thy*o*dor"u*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the spiny plates foundon the back and tail of certain skates.

Ichthyography

Ich`thy*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. graphy: cf. F. ichthyographie.] A treatise on fishes.

Ichthyoid, Ichthyoidal

Ich"thy*oid (?), Ich`thy*oid"al (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Somewhat like a fish; having some of the characteristics of fishes; -- said of some amphibians.

Ichthyolatry

Ich`thy*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. Worship of fishes, or of fish-shaped idols. Layard.

Ichthyolite

Ich"thy*o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.) A fossil fish, or fragment of a fish.

Ichthyologic, Ichthyological

Ich`thy*o*log"ic (?), Ich`thy*o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ichthyologique.] Of or pertaining to ichthyology.

Ichthyologist

Ich`thy*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. ichthyologiste.] One versed in, or who studies, ichthyology.

Ichthyology

Ich`thy*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. ichthyologie.] The natural history of fishes; that branch of zo\'94logy which relates to fishes, including their structure, classification, and habits.

Ichthyomancy

Ich"thy*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. ichthyomancie.] Divination by the heads or the entrails of fishes.

Ichthyomorpha

Ich`thy*o*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The Urodela.

Ichthyomorphic, Ichthyomorphous

Ich`thy*o*mor"phic (?), Ich`thy*o*mor"phous (?), a. [See Ichthyomorpha.] Fish-shaped; as, the ichthyomorphic idols of ancient Assyria.

Ichthyophagist

Ich`thy*oph"a*gist (?), n. [See Ichthyophagous.] One who eats, or subsists on, fish.

Ichthyophagous

Ich`thy*oph"a*gous (?), a. [L. ichthyophagus, Gr. Eating, or subsisting on, fish.

Ichthyohagy

Ich`thy*oh"a*gy (?), n. [Gr. ichthyophagie.] The practice of eating, or living upon, fish.

Ichthyophthalmite

Ich`thy*oph*thal"mite (?), n. [Gr. See Apophyllite. [R.]

Ichthyophthira

Ich`thy*oph*thi"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of copepod crustaceans, including numerous species parasitic on fishes.

Ichthyopsida

Ich`thy*op"si*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A grand division of the Vertebrata, including the Amphibia and Fishes.

Ichthyopterygia

Ich`thy*op`te*ryg"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ichthyopterygium.] (Paleon.) See Ichthyosauria.

Ichthyopterygium

Ich`thy*op`te*ryg"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The typical limb, or lateral fin, of fishes.

Ichthyornis

Ich`thy*or"nis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of toothed birds found in the American Cretaceous formation. It is remarkable for having biconcave vertebr\'91, and sharp, conical teeth set in sockets. Its wings were well developed. It is the type of the order Odontotorm\'91.

Ichthyosaur

Ich"thy*o*saur (?), n. [Cf. F. ichthyosaure.] (Paleon.) One of the Ichthyosaura.

Ichthyosauria

Ich`thy*o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ichthyosaurus.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of marine reptiles, including Ichthyosaurus and allied forms; -- called also Ichthyopterygia. They have not been found later than the Cretaceous period.

Ichthyosaurian

Ich`thy*o*sau"ri*an (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the Ichthyosauria. -- n. One of the Ichthyosauria.

Ichthyosaurus

Ich`thy*o*sau"rus (?), n.; pl. Ichthyosauri (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + say^ros a lizard.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of marine reptiles; -- so named from their short, biconcave vertebr\'91, resembling those of fishes. Several species, varying in length from ten to thirty feet, are known from the Liassic, O\'94litic, and Cretaceous formations.

Ichthyosis

Ich`thy*o"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease in which the skin is thick, rough, and scaly; -- called also fishskin. -- Ich`thy*ot"ic (#), a.

Ichthyotomist

Ich`thy*ot"o*mist (?), n. One skilled in ichthyotomy.

Ichthyoomy

Ich`thy*o"o*my (?), n. [Gr. The anatomy or dissection of fishes. [R.]

Ichthys

Ich"thys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Same as Ichthus.

Icicle

I"ci*cle (?), n. [OE. isikel, AS. \'c6sgicel; \'c6s ice + gicel icicle; akin to Icel. j\'94kull; cf. Gael. eigh ice, Ir. aigh.] A pendent, and usually conical, mass of ice, formed by freezing of dripping water; as, the icicles on the eaves of a house.

Icicled

I"ci*cled (?), a. Having icicles attached.

Icily

I"ci*ly (?), adv. In an icy manner; coldly.
Faultily faultless, icily regular, splendidly null, Dead perfection, no more. Tennyson.

Iciness

I"ci*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being icy or very cold; frigidity.

Icing

I"cing (?), n. A coating or covering resembling ice, as of sugar and milk or white of egg; frosting.

Ickle

Ic"kle (?), n. [OE. ikil. See Icicle.] An icicle. [Prov. Eng.]

Icon

I"con (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. An image or representation; a portrait or pretended portrait.
Netherlands whose names and icons are published. Hakewill.

Iconical

I*con"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, images, pictures, or representations of any kind.

Iconism

I"con*ism (?), n. [L. iconismus, Gr. iconisme.] The formation of a figure, representation, or semblance; a delineation or description.
Some kind of apish imitations, counterfeit iconisms. Cudworth.

Iconize

I"con*ize (?), v. t. [Gr. To form an image or likeness of. [R.] Cudworth.

Iconoclasm

I*con"o*clasm (?), n. [Cf. F. iconoclasme. See Iconoclast.] The doctrine or practice of the iconoclasts; image breaking.

Iconoclast

I*con"o*clast (?), n. [Gr. iconoclaste.]

1. A breaker or destroyer of images or idols; a determined enemy of idol worship.

2. One who exposes or destroys impositions or shams; one who attacks cherished beliefs; a radical.

Iconoclastic

I*con`o*clas"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the iconoclasts, or to image breaking. Milman.

Iconodule, Iconodulist

I*con"o*dule (?), I*con"o*du`list (?), n. [Gr. (Eccl. Hist.) One who serves images; -- opposed to an iconoclast. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

Iconographer

I`co*nog"ra*pher (?), n. A maker of images. Fairholt.

Iconographic

I*con`o*graph"ic (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to iconography.

2. Representing by means of pictures or diagrams; as, an icongraphic encyclop\'91dia.

Iconography

I`co*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. iconographie.]

1. The art or representation by pictures or images; the description or study of portraiture or representation, as of persons; as, the iconography of the ancients.

2. The study of representative art in general. Christian iconography, the study of the representations in art of the Deity, the persons of the Trinity, angels, saints, virtues, vices, etc.

Iconolater

I`co*nol"a*ter (?), n. [Gr. iconol\'83tre.] One who worships images.

Iconolatry

I`co*nol"a*try (?), n. [See Iconolater.] The worship of images as symbols; -- distinguished from idolatry, the worship of images themselves.

Iconology

I`co*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. iconologie.] The discussion or description of portraiture or of representative images. Cf. Iconography.

Iconomachy

I`co*nom"a*chy (?), n. [Gr. Hostility to images as objects of worship. [R.]

Iconomical

I`co*nom"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Opposed to pictures or images as objects of worship. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Iconophilist

I`co*noph"i*list (?), n. [Gr. A student, or lover of the study, of iconography.

Icosahedral

I`co*sa*he"dral (?), a. [See Icosahedron.] (Geom.) Having twenty equal sides or faces.

Icosahedron

I`co*sa*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. (Geom.) A solid bounded by twenty sides or faces. Regular icosahedron, one of the five regular polyhedrons, bounded by twenty equilateral triangules. Five triangules meet to form each solid angle of the polyhedron.

Icosandria

I`co*san"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. icosandrie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants, having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx.

Icosandrian, Icosandrous

I`co*san"dri*an (?), I`co*san"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to the class Icosandria; having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx.

Icositetrahedron

I`co*si*tet`ra*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. (Crystallog.) A twenty-four-sided solid; a tetragonal trisoctahedron or trapezohedron.

-ics

-ics (?). A suffix used in forming the names of certain sciences, systems, etc., as acoustics, mathematics, dynamics, statistics, politics, athletics. &hand; The names sciences ending in ics, as mathematics, mechanics, metaphysics, optics, etc., are, with respect to their form, nouns in the plural number. The plural form was probably introduced to mark the complex nature of such sciences; and it may have been in imitation of the use of the Greek plurals ics
were construed with a verb or a pronoun in the plural; but it is now generally considered preferable to treat them as singular. In Greman we have die Mathematik, die Mechanik, etc., and in French la metaphysique, la optique, etc., corresponding to our mathematics, mechanics, metaphysics, optics, etc.
Mathematics have for their object the consideration of whatever is capable of being numbered or measured. John Davidson.
The citations subjoined will serve as examples of the best present usage.
Ethics is the sciences of the laws which govern our actions as moral agents. Sir W. Hamilton.
All parts of knowledge have their origin in metaphysics, and finally, perhaps, revolve into it. De Quincey.
Mechanics, like pure mathematics, may be geometrical, or may be analytical; that is, it may treat space either by a direct consideration of its properties, or by a symbolical representation. Whewell.

Page 725

Icteric

Ic*ter"ic (?), n. A remedy for the jaundice.

Icteric, Icterical

Ic*ter"ic (?), Ic*ter"ic*al (?), a. [L. ictericus, Gr. ict\'82rique.]

1. Pertaining to, or affected with, jaundice.

2. Good against the jaundice. Johnson.

Icteritious, Icteritous

Ic`ter*i"tious (?), Ic*ter"i*tous (?), a. Yellow; of the color of the skin when it is affected by the jaundice.

Icteroid

Ic"ter*oid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Of a tint resembling that produced by jaundice; yellow; as, an icteroid tint or complexion.

Icterus

Ic"te*rus (?), n. [NL. See Icteric, a.] (Med.) The jaundice.

Ictic

Ic"tic (?), a. [L. ictus blow.] Pertaining to, or caused by, a blow; sudden; abrupt. [R.] H. Bushnell.

Ictus

Ic"tus (?), n. [L., fr. icere, ictum, to strike.]

1. (Pros.) The stress of voice laid upon accented syllable of a word. Cf. Arsis.

2. (Med.) A stroke or blow, as in a sunstroke, the sting of an insect, pulsation of an artery, etc.

Icy

I"cy (?), a. [Compar. Icier (?); superl. Iciest.] [AS. \'c6sig. See Ice.]

1. Pertaining to, resembling, or abounding in, ice; cold; frosty. "Icy chains." Shak. "Icy region." Boyle. "Icy seas." Pope.

2. Characterized by coldness, as of manner, influence, etc.; chilling; frigid; cold.

Icy was the deportment with which Philip received these demonstrations of affection. Motley.

Icy-pearled

I"cy-pearl`ed (?), a. Spangled with ice.
Mounting up in icy-pearled car. Milton.

I'd

I'd (?). A contraction from I would or I had.

Id

Id (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small fresh-water cyprinoid fish (Leuciscus idus or Idus idus) of Europe. A domesticated variety, colored like the goldfish, is called orfe in Germany.

Idalian

I*da"li*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Idalium, a mountain city in Cyprus, or to Venus, to whom it was sacred. "Idalian Aphrodit\'82." Tennyson.

Ide

Ide (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Id.

-ide

-ide (?). (Chem.) A suffix used to denote: (a) The nonmetallic, or negative, element or radical in a binary compound; as, oxide, sulphide, chloride. (b) A compound which is an anhydride; as, glycolide, phthalide. (c) Any one of a series of derivatives; as, indogenide, glucoside, etc.

Idea

I*de"a (?), n.; pl. Ideas (#). [L. idea, Gr. wit: cf. F. id\'82e. See Wit.]

1. The transcript, image, or picture of a visible object, that is formed by the mind; also, a similar image of any object whatever, whether sensible or spiritual.

Her sweet idea wandered through his thoughts. Fairfax.
Being the right idea of your father Both in your form and nobleness of mind. Shak.
This representation or likeness of the object being transmitted from thence [the senses] to the imagination, and lodged there for the view and observation of the pure intellect, is aptly and properly called its idea. P. Browne.

2. A general notion, or a conception formed by generalization.

Alice had not the slightest idea what latitude was. L. Caroll.

3. Hence: Any object apprehended, conceived, or thought of, by the mind; a notion, conception, or thought; the real object that is conceived or thought of.

Whatsoever the mind perceives in itself, or as the immediate object of perception, thought, or undersanding, that I call idea. Locke.

4. A belief, option, or doctrine; a characteristic or controlling principle; as, an essential idea; the idea of development.

That fellow seems to me to possess but one idea, and that is a wrong one. Johnson.
What is now "idea" for us? How infinite the fall of this word, since the time where Milton sang of the Creator contemplating his newly-created world, - "how it showed . . . Answering his great idea," - to its present use, when this person "has an idea that the train has started," and the other "had no idea that the dinner would be so bad!" Trench.

5. A plan or purpose of action; intention; design.

I shortly afterwards set off for that capital, with an idea of undertaking while there the translation of the work. W. Irving.

6. A rational conception; the complete conception of an object when thought of in all its essential elements or constituents; the necessary metaphysical or constituent attributes and relations, when conceived in the abstract.

7. A fiction object or picture created by the imagination; the same when proposed as a pattern to be copied, or a standard to be reached; one of the archetypes or patterns of created things, conceived by the Platonists to have excited objectively from eternity in the mind of the Deity.

Thence to behold this new-created world, The addition of his empire, how it showed In prospect from his throne, how good, how fair, Answering his great idea. Milton.
&hand; "In England, Locke may be said to have been the first who naturalized the term in its Cartesian universality. When, in common language, employed by Milton and Dryden, after Descartes, as before him by Sidney, Spenser, Shakespeare, Hooker, etc., the meaning is Platonic." Sir W. Hamilton. Abstract idea, Association of ideas, etc. See under Abstract, Association, etc. Syn. -- Notion; conception; thought; sentiment; fancy; image; perception; impression; opinion; belief; observation; judgment; consideration; view; design; intention; purpose; plan; model; pattern. There is scarcely any other word which is subjected to such abusive treatment as is the word idea, in the very general and indiscriminative way in which it is employed, as it is used variously to signify almost any act, state, or content of thought.

Ideal

I*de"al (?), a. [L. idealis: cf. F. id\'82al.]

1. Existing in idea or thought; conceptional; intellectual; mental; as, ideal knowledge.

2. Reaching an imaginary standard of excellence; fit for a model; faultless; as, ideal beauty. Byron.

There will always be a wide interval between practical and ideal excellence. Rambler.

3. Existing in fancy or imagination only; visionary; unreal. "Planning ideal common wealth." Southey.

4. Teaching the doctrine of idealism; as, the ideal theory or philosophy.

5. (Math.) Imaginary. Syn. -- Intellectual; mental; visionary; fanciful; imaginary; unreal; impracticable; utopian.

Ideal

I*de"al (?), n. A mental conception regarded as a standard of perfection; a model of excellence, beauty, etc.
The ideal is to be attained by selecting and assembling in one whole the beauties and perfections which are usually seen in different individuals, excluding everything defective or unseemly, so as to form a type or model of the species. Thus, the Apollo Belvedere is the ideal of the beauty and proportion of the human frame. Fleming.
Beau ideal. See Beau ideal.

Idealess

I*de"a*less (?), a. Destitute of an idea.

Idealism

I*de"al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. id\'82alisme.]

1. The quality or state of being ideal.

2. Conception of the ideal; imagery.

3. (Philos.) The system or theory that denies the existence of material bodies, and teaches that we have no rational grounds to believe in the reality of anything but ideas and their relations.

Idealist

I*de"al*ist, n. [Cf. F. id\'82aliste.]

1. One who idealizes; one who forms picturesque fancies; one given to romantic expectations.

2. One who holds the doctrine of idealism.

Idealistic

I*de`al*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to idealists or their theories.

Ideality

I`de*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Idealities (.

1. The quality or state of being ideal.

2. The capacity to form ideals of beauty or perfection.

3. (Phren.) The conceptive faculty.

Idealization

I*de`al*i*za"tion (?), n.

1. The act or process of idealizing.

2. (Fine Arts) The representation of natural objects, scenes, etc., in such a way as to show their most important characteristics; the study of the ideal.

Idealize

I*de"al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Idealized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idealizing (?).]

1. To make ideal; to give an ideal form or value to; to attribute ideal characteristics and excellences to; as, to idealize real life.

2. (Fine Arts) To treat in an ideal manner. See Idealization, 2.

Idealize

I*de"al*ize, v. i. [Cf. F. id\'82aliser.] To form ideals.

Idealizer

I*de"al*i`zer (?), n. An idealist.

Ideally

I*de"al*ly, adv. In an ideal manner; by means of ideals; mentally.

Idealogic

I*de`a*log"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an idealogue, or to idealization.

Idealogue

I*de"a*logue (?), n. [Idea + -logue, as in theologue: cf. F. id\'82ologue.] One given to fanciful ideas or theories; a theorist; a spectator. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

Ideat, Ideate

I*de"at (?), I*de"ate (?), n. [LL. ideatum. See Idea.] (Metaph.) The actual existence supposed to correspond with an idea; the correlate in real existence to the idea as a thought or existence.

Ideate

I*de"ate (?), v. t.

1. To form in idea; to fancy. [R.]

The ideated man . . . as he stood in the intellect of God. Sir T. Browne.

2. To apprehend in thought so as to fix and hold in the mind; to memorize. [R.]

Ideation

I`de*a"tion (?), n. The faculty or capacity of the mind for forming ideas; the exercise of this capacity; the act of the mind by which objects of sense are apprehended and retained as objects of thought.
The whole mass of residua which have been accumulated . . . all enter now into the process of ideation. J. D. Morell.

Ideational

I`de*a"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, ideation.
Certain sensational or ideational stimuli. Blackw. Mag.

Idem

I"dem (?), pron. ∨ adj. [L.] The same; the same as above; -- often abbreviated id.

Identic

I*den"tic (?), a. Identical. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Identical

I*den"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. identique. See Identity.]

1. The same; the selfsame; the very same; not different; as, the identical person or thing.

I can not remember a thing that happened a year ago, without a conviction . . . that I, the same identical person who now remember that event, did then exist. Reid.

2. Uttering sameness or the same truth; expressing in the predicate what is given, or obviously implied, in the subject; tautological.

When you say body is solid, I say that you make an identical proposition, because it is impossible to have the idea of body without that of solidity. Fleming.
Identical equation (Alg.), an equation which is true for all values of the algebraic symbols which enter into it.

Identically

I*den"tic*al*ly, adv. In an identical manner; with respect to identity. "Identically the same." Bp. Warburton. "Identically different." Ross.

Identicalness

I*den"tic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being identical; sameness.

Identifiable

I*den"ti*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being identified.

Identification

I*den`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. identification.] The act of identifying, or proving to be the same; also, the state of being identified.

Identify

I*den"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Identified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Identifying (?).] [Cf. F. identifier. See Identity, and -fy.]

1. To make to be the same; to unite or combine in such a manner as to make one; to treat as being one or having the same purpose or effect; to consider as the same in any relation.

Every precaution is taken to identify the interests of the people and of the rulers. D. Ramsay.
Let us identify, let us incorporate ourselves with the people. Burke.

2. To establish the identity of; to prove to be the same with something described, claimed, or asserted; as, to identify stolen property.

Identify

I*den"ti*fy (?), v. i. To become the same; to coalesce in interest, purpose, use, effect, etc. [Obs. or R.]
An enlightened self-interest, which, when well understood, they tell us will identify with an interest more enlarged and public. Burke.

Identism

I*den"tism (?), n. [See Identity.] (Metaph.) The doctrine taught by Schelling, that matter and mind, and subject and object, are identical in the Absolute; -- called also the system ∨ doctrine of identity.

Identity

I*den"ti*ty (?), n.; pl. Identities (#). [F. identit\'82, LL. identitas, fr. L. idem the same, from the root of is he, that; cf. Skr. idam this. Cf. Item.]

1. The state or quality of being identical, or the same; sameness.

Identity is a relation between our cognitions of a thing, not between things themselves. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. The condition of being the same with something described or asserted, or of possessing a character claimed; as, to establish the identity of stolen goods.

3. (Math.) An identical equation.

Ideo-

I"de*o- (?). A combining form from the Gr. idea
.

Ideogenical

I`de*o*gen"ic*al (?), a. Of or relating to ideology.

Ideogeny

I`de*og"e*ny (?), n. [Ideo- + -geny, from the same root as Gr. id\'82og\'82nie.] The science which treats of the origin of ideas.

Ideogram

I*de"o*gram (?), n. [Ideo- + -gram; cf. F. id\'82ograme.]

1. An original, pictorial element of writing; a kind of hieroglyph expressing no sound, but only an idea.

Ideograms may be defined to be pictures intended to represent either things or thoughts. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).
You might even have a history without language written or spoken, by means of ideograms and gesture. J. Peile.

2. A symbol used for convenience, or for abbreviation; as, 1, 2, 3, +, -,

3. A phonetic symbol; a letter.

Ideograph

I*de"o*graph (?), n. Same as Ideogram.

Ideographic, Ideographical

I`de*o*graph"ic (?), I`de*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. id\'82ographique.] Of or pertaining to an ideogram; representing ideas by symbols, independently of sounds; as, 9 represents not the word "nine," but the idea of the number itself. -- I`de*o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Ideographics

I`de*o*graph"ics (?), n. The system of writing in ideographic characters; also, anything so written.

Ideography

I`de*og"ra*phy (?), n. The representation of ideas independently of sounds, or in an ideographic manner, as sometimes is done in shorthand writing, etc.

Ideological

I`de*o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. id\'82ologique.] Of or pertaining to ideology.

Ideologist

I`de*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who treats of ideas; one who theorizes or idealizes; one versed in the science of ideas, or who advocates the doctrines of ideology. <-- idealogue n. one who adheres to an ideology -->

Ideology

I`de*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Ideo- + -logy: cf. F. id\'82ologie.]

1. The science of ideas. Stewart.

2. (Metaph.) A theory of the origin of ideas which derives them exclusively from sensation. &hand; By a double blunder in philosophy and Greek, id\'82ologie . . . has in France become the name peculiarly distinctive of that philosophy of mind which exclusively derives our knowledge from sensation. Sir W. Hamilton. <-- a set of theories and beliefs about sociopolitical goals and methods to attain them; in common usage, such a set of beliefs so strongly held by their adherents as to cause them to ignore evidence against such beliefs, and thus fall into error -- hence a negative trait; contrasted to pragmatism, and distinct from idealism -->

Ideo-motion

I`de*o-mo"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) An ideo-motor movement.

Ideo-motor

I`de*o-mo"tor (?), a. [Ideo- + motor.] (Physiol.) Applied to those actions, or muscular movements, which are automatic expressions of dominant ideas, rather than the result of distinct volitional efforts, as the act of expressing the thoughts in speech, or in writing, while the mind is occupied in the composition of the sentence. Carpenter.

Ides

Ides (?), n. pl. [L. idus: cf. F. ides.] (Anc. Rom. Calendar) The fifteenth day of March, May, July, and October, and the thirteenth day of the other months.
The ides of March remember. Shak.
&hand; Eight days in each month often pass by this name, but only one strictly receives it, the others being called respectively the day before the ides, and so on, backward, to the eightth from the ides.

Idio-

Id"i*o- (?). A combining form from the Greek private, personal, peculiar, distinct.

Idioblast

Id"i*o*blast (?), n. [Ideo- + -blast.] (Bot.) An individual cell, differing greatly from its neighbours in regard to size, structure, or contents.

Idiocrasis

Id`i*o*cra"sis (?), n. [NL.] Idiocracy.

Idiocracy

Id`i*oc"ra*cy (?), n.; pl. Idiocrasies (#). [Idio- + Gr. idiocrasie.] Peculiarity of constitution; that temperament, or state of constitution, which is peculiar to a person; idiosyncrasy.

Idiocratic, Idiocratical

Id`i*o*crat"ic (?), Id`i*o*crat"ic*al (?), a. Peculiar in constitution or temperament; idiosyncratic.

Idiocy

Id"i*o*cy (?), n. [From idiot; cf. Gr. Idiot, and cf. Idiotcy.] The condition or quality of being an idiot; absence, or marked deficiency, of sense and intelligence.
I will undertake to convict a man of idiocy, if he can not see the proof that three angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles. F. W. Robertson.

Idiocyclophanous

Id`i*o*cy*cloph"a*nous (?), a. [Idio- + Gr. (Crystallog.) Same as Idiophanous.

Idioelectric

Id`i*o*e*lec"tric (?), a. [Idio- + electric: cf. F. idio\'82lectrique.] (Physics) Electric by virtue of its own peculiar properties; capable of becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to anelectric. -- n. An idioelectric substance.

Idiograph

Id"i*o*graph (?), n. [Gr. A mark or signature peculiar to an individual; a trade-mark.
Page 726

Idiographic, Idiographical

Id`i*o*graph"ic (?), Id`i*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an idiograph.

Idiolatry

Id`i*ol"a*try (?), n. [Idio- + Gr. Self-worship; excessive self-esteem.

Idiom

Id"i*om (?), n. [F. idiome, L. idioma, fr. Gr. suus, and to E. so.]

1. The syntactical or structural form peculiar to any language; the genius or cast of a language.

Idiom may be employed loosely and figuratively as a synonym of language or dialect, but in its proper sense it signifies the totality of the general rules of construction which characterize the syntax of a particular language and distinguish it from other tongues. G. P. Marsh.
By idiom is meant the use of words which is peculiar to a particular language. J. H. Newman.
He followed their language [the Latin], but did not comply with the idiom of ours. Dryden.

2. An expression conforming or appropriate to the peculiar structural form of a language; in extend use, an expression sanctioned by usage, having a sense peculiar to itself and not agreeing with the logical sense of its structural form; also, the phrase forms peculiar to a particular author.

Some that with care true eloquence shall teach, And to just idioms fix our doubtful speech. Prior.
Sometimes we identify the words with the object -- though be courtesy of idiom rather than in strict propriety of language. Coleridge.
Every good writer has much idiom. Landor.
It is not by means of rules that such idioms as the following are made current: "I can make nothing of it." "He treats his subject home." Dryden. "It is that within us that makes for righteousness." M.Arnold. Gostwick (Eng. Gram. )

3. Dialect; a variant form of a language. Syn. -- Dialect. -- Idiom, Dialect. The idioms of a language belong to its very structure; its dialects are varieties of expression ingrafted upon it in different localities or by different professions. Each county of England has some peculiarities of dialect, and so have most of the professions, while the great idioms of the language are everywhere the same. See Language.

Idiomatic, Idiomatical

Id`i*o*mat"ic (?), Id`i*o*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to, or conforming to, the mode of expression peculiar to a language; as, an idiomatic meaning; an idiomatic phrase. -- Id`i*o*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Idiomorphic

Id`i*o*morph"ic (?), a. Idiomorphous.

Idiomorphous

Id`i*o*morph"ous (?), a. [Gr.

1. Having a form of its own.

2. (Crystallog.) Apperaing in distinct crystals; -- said of the mineral constituents of a rock.

Idiomuscular

Id`i*o*mus"cu*lar (?), a. [Idio- + muscular.] (Physiol.) Applied to a semipermanent contraction of a muscle, produced by a mechanical irritant.

Idiopathetic

Id`i*o*pa*thet"ic (?), a. Idiopathic. [R.]

Idiopathic, Idiopathical

Id`i*o*path"ic (?), Id`i*o*path"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. idiopathique.] (Med.) Pertaining to idiopathy; characterizing a disease arising primarily, and not in consequence of some other disease or injury; -- opposed to symptomatic, sympathetic, and traumatic. -- Id`i*o*path"ic*al*ly, adv.

Idiopathy

Id`i*op"a*thy (?), n.; pl. Idiopathies (#). [Gr. idiopathie.]

1. A peculiar, or individual, characteristic or affection.

All men are so full of their own fancies and idiopathies, that they scarce have the civility to interchange any words with a stranger. Dr. H. More.

2. (Med.) A morbid state or condition not preceded or occasioned by any other disease; a primary disease.

Idiophanous

Id`i*oph"a*nous (?), a. [Idio- + (Crystallog.) Exhibiting interference figures without the aid of a polariscope, as certain crystals.

Idioplasm

Id"i*o*plasm (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Idioplasma.

Idioplasma

Id`i*o*plas"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) That portion of the cell protoplasm which is the seat of all active changes, and which carries on the function of hereditary transmission; -- distinguished from the other portion, which is termed nutritive plasma. See Hygroplasm. <-- any modern equivalent? The chromosome/ Genome? -->

Idiorepulsive

Id`i*o*re*pul"sive (?), a. [Idio- + repulsive.] Repulsive by itself; as, the idiorepulsive power of heat.

Idiosyncrasy

Id`i*o*syn"cra*sy (?), n.; pl. Idiosyncrasies (#). [Gr. idiosyncrasie. See Idiom, and Crasis.] A peculiarity of physical or mental constitution or temperament; a characteristic belonging to, and distinguishing, an individual; characteristic susceptibility; idiocrasy; eccentricity.
The individual mind . . . takes its tone from the idiosyncrasies of the body. I. Taylor.

Idiosyncratic, Idiosyncratical

Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic (?), Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic*al (?), a. Of peculiar temper or disposition; belonging to one's peculiar and individual character.

Idiot

Id"i*ot (?), n. [F. idiot, L. idiota an uneducated, ignorant, ill-informed person, Gr. Idiom.]

1. A man in private station, as distinguished from one holding a public office. [Obs.]

St. Austin affirmed that the plain places of Scripture are sufficient to all laics, and all idiots or private persons. Jer. Taylor.

2. An unlearned, ignorant, or simple person, as distinguished from the educated; an ignoramus. [Obs.]

Christ was received of idiots, of the vulgar people, and of the simpler sort, while he was rejected, despised, and persecuted even to death by the high priests, lawyers, scribes, doctors, and rabbis. C. Blount.

3. A human being destitute of the ordinary intellectual powers, whether congenital, developmental, or accidental; commonly, a person without understanding from birth; a natural fool; a natural; an innocent.

Life . . . is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. Shak.

4. A fool; a simpleton; -- a term of reproach.

Weenest thou make an idiot of our dame? Chaucer.

Idiotcy

Id"i*ot*cy (?), n. [Cf. Idiocy.] Idiocy. [R.]

Idioted

Id"i*ot*ed (?), a. Rendered idiotic; befooled. [R.] Tennyson.

Idiothermic

Id`i*o*ther"mic (?), a. [Idio- + thermic.] Self-heating; warmed, as the body of animal, by process going on within itself.

Idiotic, Idiotical

Id`i*ot"ic (?), Id`i*ot"ic*al (?), a. [L. idioticus ignorant, Gr. idiotique. See Idiot.]

1. Common; simple. [Obs.] Blackwall.

2. Pertaining to, or like, an idiot; characterized by idiocy; foolish; fatuous; as, an idiotic person, speech, laugh, or action.

Idiotically

Id`i*ot"ic*al*ly, adv. In a idiotic manner.

Idioticon

Id`i*ot"i*con (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Idiot.] A dictionary of a peculiar dialect, or of the words and phrases peculiar to one part of a country; a glossary.

Idiotish

Id"i*ot*ish (?), a. Like an idiot; foolish.

Idiotism

Id"i*ot*ism (?), n. [F. idiotisme, L. idiotismus the way of fashion of a private person, the common or vulgar manner of speaking, Gr. Idiot.]

1. An idiom; a form, mode of expression, or signification, peculiar to a language.

Scholars sometimes give terminations and idiotisms, suitable to their native language, unto words newly invented. M. Hale.

2. Lack of knowledge or mental capacity; idiocy; foolishness.

Worse than mere ignorance or idiotism. Shaftesbury.
The running that adventure is the greatist idiotism. Hammond.

Idiotize

Id"i*ot*ize (?), v. i. To become stupid. [R.]

Idiotry

Id"i*ot*ry (?), n. Idiocy. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

Idle

I"dle (?), a. [Compar. Idler (?); superl. Idlest.] [OE. idel, AS. \'c6del vain, empty, useless; akin to OS. \'c6dal, D. ijdel, OHG. \'c6tal vain, empty, mere, G. eitel, Dan. & Sw. idel mere, pure, and prob. to Gr. Ether.]

1. Of no account; useless; vain; trifling; unprofitable; thoughtless; silly; barren. "Deserts idle." Shak.

Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. Matt. xii. 36.
Down their idle weapons dropped. Milton.
This idle story became important. Macaulay.

2. Not called into active service; not turned to appropriate use; unemployed; as, idle hours.

The idle spear and shield were high uphing. Milton.

3. Not employed; unoccupied with business; inactive; doing nothing; as, idle workmen.

Why stand ye here all the day idle? Matt. xx. 6.

4. Given rest and ease; averse to labor or employment; lazy; slothful; as, an idle fellow.

5. Light-headed; foolish. [Obs.] Ford. Idle pulley (Mach.), a pulley that rests upon a belt to tighten it; a pulley that only guides a belt and is not used to transmit power. -- Idle wheel (Mach.), a gear wheel placed between two others, to transfer motion from one to the other without changing the direction of revolution. -- In idle, in vain. [Obs.] "God saith, thou shalt not take the name of thy Lord God in idle." Chaucer. Syn. -- Unoccupied; unemployed; vacant; inactive; indolent; sluggish; slothful; useless; ineffectual; futile; frivolous; vain; trifling; unprofitable; unimportant. -- Idle, Indolent, Lazy. A propensity to inaction is expressed by each of these words; they differ in the cause and degree of this characteristic. Indolent denotes an habitual love to ease, a settled dislike of movement or effort; idle is opposed to busy, and denotes a dislike of continuous exertion. Lazy is a stronger and more contemptuous term than indolent.

Idle

I"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Idled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idling (?).] To lose or spend time in inaction, or without being employed in business. Shak.

Idle

I"dle, v. t. To spend in idleness; to waste; to consume; -- often followed by away; as, to idle away an hour a day.

Idle-headed

I"dle-head`ed (?), a.

1. Foolish; stupid. [Obs.] "The superstitious idle-headed eld." Shak.

2. Delirious; infatuated. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

Idleness

I"dle*ness, n. [AS. \'c6delnes.] The condition or quality of being idle (in the various senses of that word); uselessness; fruitlessness; triviality; inactivity; laziness. Syn. -- Inaction; indolence; sluggishness; sloth.

Idle-pated

I"dle-pat`ed (?), a. Idle-headed; stupid. [Obs.]

Idler

I"dler (?), n.

1. One who idles; one who spends his time in inaction; a lazy person; a sluggard.

2. (Naut.) One who has constant day duties on board ship, and keeps no regular watch. Totten.

3. (Mach.) An idle wheel or pulley. See under Idle.

Idless, Idlesse

I"dless, I"dlesse (?), n. Idleness. [Archaic] "In ydlesse." Spenser.
And an idlesse all the day Beside a wandering stream. Mrs. Browning.

Idly

I"dly (?), adv. In a idle manner; ineffectually; vainly; lazily; carelessly; (Obs.) foolishly.

Idocrase

Id"o*crase (?), n. [Gr. idocrase.] (Min.) Same as Vesuvianite.

Idol

I"dol (?), n. [OE. idole, F. idole, L. idolum, fr. Gr. Wit, and cf. Eidolon.]

1. An image or representation of anything. [Obs.]

Do her adore with sacred reverence, As th' idol of her maker's great magnificence. Spenser.

2. An image of a divinity; a representation or symbol of a deity or any other being or thing, made or used as an object of worship; a similitude of a false god.

That they should not worship devils, and idols of gold. Rev. ix. 20.

3. That on which the affections are strongly (often excessively) set; an object of passionate devotion; a person or thing greatly loved or adored.

The soldier's god and people's idol. Denham.

4. A false notion or conception; a fallacy. Bacon.

The idols of preconceived opinion. Coleridge.

Idolastre

I`do*las"tre (?), n. [OE., for idolatre.] An idolater. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Idolater

I*dol"a*ter (?), n. [F. idol\'83tre: cf. L. idololatres, Gr. Idolatry.]

1. A worshiper of idols; one who pays divine honors to images, statues, or representations of anything made by hands; one who worships as a deity that which is not God; a pagan.

2. An adorer; a great admirer.

Jonson was an idolater of the ancients. Bp. Hurd.

Idolatress

I*dol"a*tress (?), n. A female worshiper of idols.

Idolatrical

I`do*lat"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. idol\'83trique.] Idolatrous. [Obs.]

Idolatrize

I*dol"a*trize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Idolatrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idolatrizing (?).] To worship idols; to pay idolatrous worship.

Idolatrize

I*dol"a*trize, v. t. To make in idol of; to idolize.

Idolatrous

I*dol"a*trous (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to idolatry; partaking of the nature of idolatry; given to idolatry or the worship of false gods; as, idolatrous sacrifices.

[Josiah] put down the idolatrous priests. 2 Kings xxiii. 5.

2. Consisting in, or partaking of, an excessive attachment or reverence; as, an idolatrous veneration for antiquity.

Idolatrously

I*dol"a*trous*ly, adv. In a idolatrous manner.

Idolatry

I*dol"a*try (?), n.; pl. Idolatries (#). [F. idol\'83trie, LL. idolatria, L. idololatria, Fr. Gr.

1. The worship of idols, images, or anything which is not God; the worship of false gods.

His eye surveyed the dark idolatries Of alienated Judah. Milton.

2. Excessive attachment or veneration for anything; respect or love which borders on adoration. Shak.

Idolish

I"dol*ish (?), a. Idolatrous. [Obs.] Milton.

Idolism

I"dol*ism (?), n. The worship of idols. [Obs.]

Idolist

I"dol*ist, n. A worshiper of idols. [Obs.] Milton.

Idolize

I"dol*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Idolized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idolizing (?).]

1. To make an idol of; to pay idolatrous worship to; as, to idolize the sacred bull in Egypt.

2. To love to excess; to love or reverence to adoration; as, to idolize gold, children, a hero.

Idolize

I"dol*ize, v. i. To practice idolatry. [R.]
To idolize after the manner of Egypt. Fairbairn.

Idolizer

I"dol*i`zer (?), n. One who idolizes or loves to the point of reverence; an idolater.

Idoloclast

I*dol"o*clast (?), n. [Gr. A breaker of idols; an iconoclast.

Idolographical

I*dol`o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Idol + -graph.] Descriptive of idols. [R.] Southey.

Idolous

I"dol*ous (?), a. Idolatrous. [Obs.] Bale.

Idoneous

I*do"ne*ous (?), a. [L. idoneus.] Appropriate; suitable; proper; fit; adequate. [R.]
An ecclesiastical benefice . . . ought to be conferred on an idoneous person. Ayliffe.

Idorgan

Id*or"gan (?), n. [Gr. organ.] (Biol.) A morphological unit, consisting of two or more plastids, which does not possess the positive character of the person or stock, in distinction from the physiological organ or biorgan. See Morphon.

Idrialine, Idrialite

Id"ri*a*line (?), Id"ri*a*lite (?), n. [Cf. F. idrialine.] (Min.) A bituminous substance obtained from the mercury mines of Idria, where it occurs mixed with cinnabar.

Idumean

Id`u*me"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to ancient Idumea, or Edom, in Western Asia. -- n. An inhabitant of Idumea, an Edomite.

Idyl

I"dyl (?), n. [L. idyllium, Gr. idylle. See Idol.] A short poem; properly, a short pastoral poem; as, the idyls of Theocritus; also, any poem, especially a narrative or descriptive poem, written in an eleveted and highly finished style; also, by extension, any artless and easily flowing description, either in poetry or prose, of simple, rustic life, of pastoral scenes, and the like. [Written also idyll.]
Wordsworth's solemn-thoughted idyl. Mrs. Browning.
His [Goldsmith's] lovely idyl of the Vicar's home. F. Harrison.

Idyllic

I*dyl"lic (?), a. Of or belonging to idyls.

I. e.

I. e. Abbreviation of Latin id est, that is.

If

If (?), conj. [OE. if, gif, AS. gif; akin to OFries. ief, gef, ef, OS. ef, of, D. of, or, whether, if, G. ob whether, if, OHG. oba, ibu, Icel. ef, Goth. iba, ibai, an interrogative particle; properly a case form of a noun meaning, doubt (cf. OHG. iba doubt, condition, Icel. if, ef, ifi, efi), and therefore orig. meaning, on condition that.]

1. In case that; granting, allowing, or supposing that; -- introducing a condition or supposition.

Tisiphone, that oft hast heard my prayer, Assist, if \'d1dipus deserve thy care. Pope.
If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread. Matt. iv. 3.

2. Whether; -- in dependent questions.

Uncertain if by augury or chance. Dryden.
She doubts if two and two make four. Prior.
As if, But if. See under As, But.

I' faith

I' faith" (?). In faith; indeed; truly. Shak.
Page 727

Ifere

I*fere" (?), a. [Corrupted fr. in fere.] Together. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Igasuric

Ig`a*su"ric (?), a. [See Igasurine.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, nux vomica or St. Ignatius's bean; as, igasuric acid.

Igasurine

Ig`a*su"rine (?), n. [Malay igasura the nux vomica.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in nux vomica, and extracted as a white crystalline substance.

Igloo

Ig"loo (?), n.

1. An Eskimo snow house.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A cavity, or excavation, made in the snow by a seal, over its breathing hole in the ice.

Ignatius bean

Ig*na"tius bean` (?). (Bot.) See Saint Ignatius's bean, under Saint.

Igneous

Ig"ne*ous (?), a. [L. igneus, fr. ignis fire; allied to Skr. agni, Lith. ugnis, OSlav. ogne.]

1. Pertaining to, having the nature of, fire; containing fire; resembling fire; as, an igneous appearance.

2. (Geol.) Resulting from, or produced by, the action of fire; as, lavas and basalt are igneous rocks.

Ignescent

Ig*nes"cent (?), a. [L. ignescens, p.pr. of ignescere to become inflamed, fr. ignis fire: cf. F. ignescent.] Emitting sparks of fire when struck with steel; scintillating; as, ignescent stones.

Ignicolist

Ig*nic"o*list (?), n. [L. ignis fire + colere to worship.] A worshiper of fire. [R.]

Igniferous

Ig*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. ignifer; ignis fire + ferre to bear.] Producing fire. [R.] Blount.

Ignifluous

Ig*nif"lu*ous (?), a. [L. ignifluus; ignis fire + fluere to flow.] Flowing with fire. [Obs.] Cockerman.

Ignify

Ig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ignifying (?).] [L. ignis fire + -fy.] To form into fire. [R.] Stukeley.

Ignigenous

Ig*nig"e*nous (?), a. [L. ignigenus; ignis fire + genere, ginere, to beget, produce.] Produced by the action of fire, as lava. [R.]

Ignipotence

Ig*nip"o*tence (?), n. Power over fire. [R.]

Ignipotent

Ig*nip"o*tent (?), a. [L. ignipotens; ignis fire + potens powerful.] Presiding over fire; also, fiery.
Vulcan is called the powerful ignipotent. Pope.

Ignis fatuus

Ig"nis fat"u*us (?); pl. Ignes fatui (#). [L. ignis fire + fatuus foolish. So called in allusion to its tendency to mislead travelers.]

1. A phosphorescent light that appears, in the night, over marshy ground, supposed to be occasioned by the decomposition of animal or vegetable substances, or by some inflammable gas; -- popularly called also Will-with-the-wisp, or Will-o'-the-wisp, and Jack-with-a-lantern, or Jack-o'-lantern.<-- thought to be caused by phosphine, PH3, a sponaneously combustible gas. -->

2. Fig.: A misleading influence; a decoy.

Scared and guided by the ignis fatuus of popular superstition. Jer. Taylor.

Ignite

Ig*nite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignited (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Igniting.] [L. ignitus, p.p. of ignire to ignite, fr. ignis fire. See Igneous.]

1. To kindle or set on fire; as, to ignite paper or wood.

2. (Chem.) To subject to the action of intense heat; to heat strongly; -- often said of incombustible or infusible substances; as, to ignite iron or platinum.

Ignite

Ig*nite", v. i. To take fire; to begin to burn.

Ignitible

Ig*nit"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being ignited.

Ignition

Ig*ni"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ignition.]

1. The act of igniting, kindling, or setting on fire.

2. The state of being ignited or kindled. Sir T. Browne.

Ignitor

Ig*nit"or (?), n. One who, or that which, produces ignition; especially, a contrivance for igniting the powder in a torpedo or the like. [Written also igniter.]

Ignivomous

Ig*niv"o*mous (?), a. [L. ignivomus; ignis fire + vomere 8vomit.] Vomiting fire. [R.]

Ignobility

Ig`no*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. ignobilitas: cf. F. ignobilit\'82.] Ignobleness. [Obs.] Bale.

Ignoble

Ig*no"ble (?), a. [L. ignobilis; pref. in- not + nobilis noble: cf. F. ignoble. See In- not, and Noble, a.]

1. Of low birth or family; not noble; not illustrious; plebeian; common; humble.

I was not ignoble of descent. Shak.
Her royal stock graft with ignoble plants. Shak.

2. Not honorable, elevated, or generous; base.

'T but a base, ignoble mind, That mounts no higher than a bird can soar. Shak.
Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife. Gray.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Not a true or noble falcon; -- said of certain hawks, as the goshawk. Syn. -- Degenerate; degraded; mean; base; dishonorable; reproachful; disgraceful; shameful; scandalous; infamous.

Ignoble

Ig*no"ble, v. t. To make ignoble. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ignobleness

Ig*no"ble*ness, n. State or quality of being ignoble.

Ignobly

Ig*no"bly, adv. In an ignoble manner; basely.

Ignominious

Ig`no*min"i*ous (?), a. [L. ignominiosus: cf. F. ignominieux.]

1. Marked with ignominy; in curring public disgrace; dishonorable; shameful.

Then first with fear surprised and sense of pain, Fled ignominious. Milton.

2. Deserving ignominy; despicable.

One single, obscure, ignominious projector. Swift.

3. Humiliating; degrading; as, an ignominious judgment or sentence. Macaulay.

Ignominiously

Ig`no*min"i*ous*ly, adv. In an ignominious manner; disgracefully; shamefully; ingloriously.

Ignominy

Ig"no*min*y (?), n.; pl. Ignominies (#). [L. ignominia ignominy (i.e., a deprivation of one's good name); in- not + nomen name: cf. F. ignominie. See In- not, and Name.]

1. Public disgrace or dishonor; reproach; infamy.

Their generals have been received with honor after their defeat; yours with ignominy after conquest. Addison.
Vice begins in mistake, and ends in ignominy. Rambler.
Ignominy is the infliction of such evil as is made dishonorable, or the deprivation of such good as is made honorable by the Common wealth. Hobbes.

2. An act deserving disgrace; an infamous act. Syn. -- Opprobrium; reproach; dishonor.

Ignomy

Ig"no*my (?), n. Ignominy. [R. & Obs.]
I blush to think upon this ignomy. Shak.

Ignoramus

Ig`no*ra"mus (?), n. [L., we are ignorant. See Ignore.]

1. (Law) We are ignorant; we ignore; -- being the word formerly written on a bill of indictment by a grand jury when there was not sufficient evidence to warrant them in finding it a true bill. The phrase now used is, "No bill," "No true bill," or "Not found," though in some jurisdictions "Ignored" is still used. Wharton (Law Dict. ). Burn.

2. (pl. Ignoramuses (.) A stupid, ignorant person; a vain pretender to knowledge; a dunce.

An ignoramus in place and power. South.

Ignorance

Ig"no*rance (?), n. [F., fr. L. ignorantia.]

1. The condition of being ignorant; the want of knowledge in general, or in relation to a particular subject; the state of being uneducated or uninformed.

Ignorance is the curse of God, Knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven. Shak.

2. (Theol.) A willful neglect or refusal to acquire knowledge which one may acquire and it is his duty to have. Book of Common Prayer. Invincible ignorance (Theol.), ignorance beyond the individual's control and for which, therefore, he is not responsible before God.

Ignorant

Ig"no*rant (?), a. [F., fr. L. ignorans, -antis, p.pr. of ignorare to be ignorant. See Ignore.]

1. Destitute of knowledge; uninstructed or uninformed; untaught; unenlightened.

He that doth not know those things which are of use for him to know, is but an ignorant man, whatever he may know besides. Tillotson.

2. Unacquainted with; unconscious or unaware; -- used with of.

Ignorant of guilt, I fear not shame. Dryden.

3. Unknown; undiscovered. [Obs.]

Ignorant concealment. Shak.
Alas, what ignorant sin have I committed? Shak.

4. Resulting from ignorance; foolish; silly.

His shipping, Poor ignorant baubles! -- on our terrible seas, Like eggshells moved. Shak.
Syn. -- Uninstructed; untaught; unenlightened; uninformed; unlearned; unlettered; illiterate. -- Ignorant, Illiterate. Ignorant denotes want of knowledge, either as to single subject or information in general; illiterate refers to an ignorance of letters, or of knowledge acquired by reading and study. In the Middle Ages, a great proportion of the higher classes were illiterate, and yet were far from being ignorant, especially in regard to war and other active pursuits.
In such business Action is eloquence, and the eyes of the ignorant More learned than the ears. Shak.
In the first ages of Christianity, not only the learned and the wise, but the ignorant and illiterate, embraced torments and death. Tillotson.

Ignorant

Ig"no*rant, n. A person untaught or uninformed; one unlettered or unskilled; an ignoramous.
Did I for this take pains to teach Our zealous ignorants to preach? Denham.

Ignorantism

Ig"no*rant*ism (?), n. The spirit of those who extol the advantage to ignorance; obscuriantism.

Ignorantist

Ig"no*rant*ist, n. One opposed to the diffusion of knowledge; an obscuriantist.

Ignorantly

Ig"no*rant*ly, adv. In a ignorant manner; without knowledge; inadvertently.
Whom therefoer ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you. Acts xvii. 23.

Ignore

Ig*nore" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ignoring.] [L. ignorare; pref. in- not + the root of gnarus knowing, noscere to become acquainted with. See Know, and cf. Narrate.]

1. To be ignorant of or not acquainted with. [Archaic]

Philosophy would solidly be established, if men would more carefully distinguish those things that they know from those that they ignore. Boyle.

2. (Law) To throw out or reject as false or ungrounded; -- said of a bill rejected by a grand jury for want of evidence. See Ignoramus.

3. Hence: To refuse to take notice of; to shut the eyes to; not to recognize; to disregard willfully and causelessly; as, to ignore certain facts; to ignore the presence of an objectionable person.

Ignoring Italy under our feet, And seeing things before, behind. Mrs. Browning.

Ignoscible

Ig*nos"ci*ble (?), a. [L. ignoscibilis, fr. ignoscere to pardon, lit., not to wish to know; pref. in- not + gnoscere, noscere, to learn to know. See In- not, and Know.] Pardonable. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ignote

Ig*note" (?), a. [L. ignotus; pref. in- not + gnotus, notus, known, p.p. of gnocere, nocere, to learn to know.] Unknown. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys. -- n. One who is unknown. Bp. Hacket.

Iguana

I*gua"na (?), n. [Sp. iguana, from the native name in Hayti. Cf. Guana.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of the genus Iguana, a genus of large American lizards of the family Iguanid\'91. They are arboreal in their habits, usually green in color, and feed chiefly upon fruits. &hand; The common iguana (I. tuberculata) of the West Indies and South America is sometimes five feet long. Its flesh is highly prized as food. The horned iguana (I. cornuta) has a conical horn between the eyes.

Iguanian

I*gua"ni*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling, or pertaining to, the iguana.

Iguanid

I*gua"nid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Iguanoid.

Iguanodon

I*gua"no*don (?), n. [Iguana + Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of gigantic herbivorous dinosaurs having a birdlike pelvis and large hind legs with three-toed feet capable of supporting the entire body. Its teeth resemble those of the iguana, whence its name. Several species are known, mostly from the Wealden of England and Europe. See Illustration in Appendix.

Iguanodont

I*gua"no*dont (?), a. (Paleon.) Like or pertaining to the genus Iguanodon.

Iguanoid

I*gua"noid (?), a. [Iguana + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Iguanid\'91.

Ihlang-ihlang

Ih*lang`-ih*lang" (?), n. [Malayan, flower of flowers.] A rich, powerful, perfume, obtained from the volatile oil of the flowers of Canada odorata, an East Indian tree. [Also written ylang-ylang.]

Ihram

Ih*ram" (?), n. The peculiar dress worn by pilgrims to Mecca.

Ik

Ik (?), pron. [See I.] I [Obs.] Piers Plowman. &hand; The Northern dialectic form of I, in Early English, corresponding to ich of the Southern.

Il-

Il- (?). A form of the prefix in-, not, and in-, among. See In-.

Ile

Ile (?), n. [AS. egl.] Ear of corn. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Ile

Ile, n. [See Aisle.] An aisle. [Obs.] H. Swinburne.

Ile

Ile, n. [See Isle.] An isle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ileac

Il"e*ac (?), a. [See Ileum.]

1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ileum. [Written also iliac.]

2. See Iliac,

1. [R.] Ileac passion. (Med.) See Ileus.

Ileoc\'91cal

Il`e*o*c\'91"cal (?), a. [Ileum + c\'91cal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the ileum and c\'91cum.

Ileocolic

Il`e*o*col"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ileum and colon; as, the ileocolic, or ileoc\'91cal, valve, a valve where the ileum opens into the large intestine.

Ileum

Il"e*um (?), n. [L. ile, ileum, ilium, pl. ilia, groin, flank.]

1. (Anat.) The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine. [Written also ileon, and ilium.]

2. (Anat.) See Ilium. [R.] &hand; Most modern writers restrict ileum to the division of the intestine and ilium to the pelvic bone.

Ileus

Il"e*us (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A morbid condition due to intestinal obstruction. It is characterized by complete constipation, with griping pains in the abdomen, which is greatly distended, and in the later stages by vomiting of fecal matter. Called also ileac, ∨ iliac, passion.

Ilex

I"lex (?), n. [L., holm oak.] (Bot.) (a) The holm oak (Quercus Ilex). (b) A genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, including the common holly.

Iliac

Il"i*ac (?), a. [L. Iliacus, Gr. Iliad.] Pertaining to ancient Ilium, or Troy. Gladstone.

Iliac

Il"i*ac, a. [Cf. F. iliaque. See Ileum, and cf. Jade a stone.]

1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ilium, or dorsal bone of the pelvis; as, the iliac artery. [Written also ileac.]

2. See Ileac, 1. [R.] Iliac crest, the upper margin of the ilium. -- Iliac passion. See Ileus. -- Iliac region, a region of the abdomen, on either side of the hypogastric regions, and below the lumbar regions.

Iliacal

I*li"a*cal (?), a. Iliac. [R.]

liad

l"i*ad (?), n. [L. Ilias, -adis, Gr. A celebrated Greek epic poem, in twenty-four books, on the destruction of Ilium, the ancient Troy. The Iliad is ascribed to Homer.

Ilial

Il"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ilium; iliac.

Iliche

I*liche" (?), adv. [OE., fr. AS. gel\'c6c. Cf. Alike.] Alike. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ilicic

I*lic"ic (?), a. [L. ilex, ilicis, holm oak.] Pertaining to, or derived from, the holly (Ilex), and allied plants; as, ilicic acid.

Ilicin

Il"i*cin (?), n. (Chem.) The bitter principle of the holly.

Ilio-

Il"i*o- (?). [From Ilium.] A combining form used in anatomy to denote connection with, or relation to, the ilium; as, ilio-femoral, ilio-lumbar, ilio-psoas, etc.

Iliofemoral

Il`i*o*fem"o*ral (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ilium and femur; as, iliofemoral ligaments.

Iliolumbar

Il`i*o*lum"bar (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the iliac and lumbar regions; as, the iliolumbar artery.

Iliopsoas

Il`i*o*pso"as (?), n. (Anat.) The great flexor muscle of the hip joint, divisible into two parts, the iliac and great psoas, -- often regarded as distinct muscles.

Ilium

Il"i*um (?), n. [See Ileum.] (Anat.) The dorsal one of the three principal bones comprising either lateral half of the pelvis; the dorsal or upper part of the hip bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate. [Written also ilion, and ileum.]

Ilixanthin

Il`ix*an"thin (?), n. [Ilex the genus including the holly + Gr. (Chem.) A yellow dye obtained from the leaves of the holly.

Ilk

Ilk (?), a. [Scot. ilk, OE. ilke the same, AS. ilca. Cf. Each.] Same; each; every. [Archaic] Spenser. Of that ilk, denoting that a person's surname and the title of his estate are the same; as, Grant of that ilk, i.e., Grant of Grant. Jamieson.

Ilke

Il"ke (?), a. [See Ilk.] Same. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ilkon, Ilkoon

Il*kon", Il*koon" (?), pron. [See Ilk, and One.] Each one; every one. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ill

Ill (?), a. [The regular comparative and superlative are wanting, their places being supplied by worse ( and worst (, from another root.] [OE. ill, ille, Icel. illr; akin to Sw. illa, adv., Dan. ilde, adv.]

1. Contrary to good, in a physical sense; contrary or opposed to advantage, happiness, etc.; bad; evil; unfortunate; disagreeable; unfavorable.

Neither is it ill air only that maketh an ill seat, but ill ways, ill markets, and ill neighbors. Bacon.
There 's some ill planet reigns. Shak.

2. Contrary to good, in a moral sense; evil; wicked; wrong; iniquitious; naughtly; bad; improper.

Of his own body he was ill, and gave The clergy ill example. Shak.

3. Sick; indisposed; unwell; diseased; disordered; as, ill of a fever.

I am in health, I breathe, and see thee ill. Shak.

4. Not according with rule, fitness, or propriety; incorrect; rude; unpolished; inelegant.

That 's an ill phrase. Shak.
Ill at ease, uneasy; uncomfortable; anxious. "I am very ill at ease." Shak. -- Ill blood, enmity; resentment. -- Ill breeding, want of good breeding; rudeness. -- Ill fame, ill or bad repute; as, a house of ill fame, a house where lewd persons meet for illicit intercourse. -- Ill humor, a disagreeable mood; bad temper. -- Ill nature, bad disposition or temperament; sullenness; esp., a disposition to cause unhappiness to others. -- Ill temper, anger; moroseness; crossness. -- Ill turn. (a) An unkind act. (b) A slight attack of illness. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Ill will, unkindness; enmity; malevolence. Syn. -- Bad; evil; wrong; wicked; sick; unwell.
Page 728

Ill

Ill (?), n.

1. Whatever annoys or impairs happiness, or prevents success; evil of any kind; misfortune; calamity; disease; pain; as, the ills of humanity.

Who can all sense of others' ills escape Is but a brute at best in human shape. Tate.
That makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of. Shak.

2. Whatever is contrary to good, in a moral sense; wickedness; depravity; iniquity; wrong; evil.

Strong virtue, like strong nature, struggles still, Exerts itself, and then throws off the ill. Dryden.

Ill

Ill, adv. In a ill manner; badly; weakly.
How ill this taper burns! Shak.
Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates and men decay. Goldsmith.
&hand; Ill, like above, well, and so, is used before many participal adjectives, in its usual adverbal sense. When the two words are used as an epithet preceding the noun qualified they are commonly hyphened; in other cases they are written separatively; as, an ill-educated man; he was ill educated; an ill-formed plan; the plan, however ill formed, was acceptable. Ao, also, the following: ill-affected or ill affected, ill-arranged or ill arranged, ill-assorted or ill assorted, ill-boding or ill boding, ill-bred or ill bred, ill-conditioned, ill-conducted, ill-considered, ill-devised, ill-disposed, ill-doing, ill-fairing, ill-fated, ill-favored, ill-featured, ill-formed, ill-gotten, ill-imagined, ill-judged, ill-looking, ill-mannered, ill-matched, ill-meaning, ill-minded, ill-natured, ill-omened, ill-proportioned, ill-provided, ill-required, ill-sorted, ill-starred, ill-tempered, ill-timed, ill-trained, ill-used, and the like.

I' ll

I' ll (?). Contraction for I will or I shall.
I'll by a sign give notice to our friends. Shak.

Illabile

Il*lab"ile (?), a. Incapable of falling or erring; infalliable. [Obs.] -- Il`la*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Obs.]

Illacerable

Il*lac"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. illacerabilis: cf. F. illac\'82rable. See In- not, and Lacerable.] Not lacerable; incapable of being torn or rent. [Obs.]

Illacrymable

Il*lac"ry*ma*ble (?), a. [L. illacrimabilis; pref. il- not + lacrimabilis worthy of tears.] Incapable of weeping. [Obs.] Bailey.

Illapsable

Il*laps"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. il- not + lapsable.] Incapable of slipping, or of error. [R.]
Morally immutable and illapsable. Glanvill.

Illapse

Il*lapse" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Illapsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illapsing.] [L. illapsus, p.p. of illabi; pref. il- in + labi to fall, slide.] To fall or glide; to pass; -- usually followed by into. Cheyne.

Illapse

Il*lapse", n. [L. illapsus. See Illapse, v. i.] A gliding in; an immisson or entrance of one thing into another; also, a sudden descent or attack. Akenside.
They sit silent . . . waiting for an illapse of the spirit. Jeffrey.

Illaqueable

Il*la"que*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being insnared or entrapped. [R.] Cudworth.

Illaqueate

Il*la"que*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illaqueated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illaqueating.] [L. illaqueatus, p.p. of illaqueare; pref. il- in + laqueare to insnare, fr. laqueus, noose, snare.] To insnare; to entrap; to entangle; to catch.
Let not the surpassing eloquence of Taylor dazzle you, nor his scholastic retairy versatility of logic illaqueate your good sense. Coleridge.

Illaqueation

Il*la`que*a"tion (?), n.

1. The act of catching or insnaring. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. A snare; a trap. Johnson.

Illation

Il*la"tion (?), n. [L. illatio, fr. illatus, used as p.p. of inferre to carry or bring in, but from a different root: cf. F. illation. See 1st In-, and Tolerate, and cf. Infer.] The act or process of inferring from premises or reasons; perception of the connection between ideas; that which is inferred; inference; deduction; conclusion.
Fraudulent deductions or inconsequent illations from a false conception of things. Sir T. Browne.

Illative

Il"la*tive (?), a. [L. illativus: cf. F. illatif.] Relating to, dependent on, or denoting, illation; inferential; conclusive; as, an illative consequence or proposition; an illative word, as then, therefore, etc. Illative conversion (Logic), a converse or reverse statement of a proposition which in that form must be true because the original proposition is true. -- Illative sense (Metaph.), the faculty of the mind by which it apprehends the conditions and determines upon the correctness of inferences.

Illative

Il"la*tive, n. An illative particle, as for, because.

Illatively

Il"la*tive*ly, adv. By inference; as an illative; in an illative manner.

Illaudable

Il*laud"a*ble (?), a. [L. illaudabilis. See In- not, and Laudable.] Not laudable; not praise-worthy; worthy of censure or disapprobation. Milton. -- Il*laud"a*bly, adv. [Obs.] Broome.

Ill-boding

Ill`-bod"ing (?), a. Boding evil; inauspicious; ill-omened. "Ill-boding stars." Shak.

Ill-bred

Ill"-bred` (?), a. Badly educated or brought up; impolite; incivil; rude. See Note under Ill, adv.

Illecebration

Il*lec`e*bra"tion (?), n. [See Illecebrous.] Allurement. [R.] T. Brown.

Illecebrous

Il*lec"e*brous (?), a. [L. illecebrosus, fr. illecebra allurement, fr. illicere to allure.] Alluring; attractive; enticing. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

Illegal

Il*le"gal (?), a. [Pref. il- not + legal: cf. F. ill\'82gal.] Not according to, or authorized by, law; specif., contrary to, or in violation of, human law; unlawful; illicit; hence, immoral; as, an illegal act; illegal trade; illegal love. Bp. Burnet.

Illegality

Il`le*gal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Illegalities (#). [Cf. F. ill\'82galit\'82.] The quality or condition of being illegal; unlawfulness; as, the illegality of trespass or of false imprisonment; also, an illegal act.

Illegalize

Il*le"gal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illegalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illegalizing (?).] To make or declare illegal or unlawful.

Illegally

Il*le"gal*ly, adv. In a illegal manner; unlawfully.

Illegalness

Il*le"gal*ness, n. Illegality, unlawfulness.

Illegibility

Il*leg`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being illegible.

Illegible

Il*leg"i*ble (?), a. Incapable of being read; not legible; as, illegible handwriting; an illegible inscription. -- Il*leg"i*ble*ness, n. -- Il*leg"i*bly, adv.

Illegitimacy

Il`le*git"i*ma*cy (?), n. The state of being illegitimate. Blackstone.

Illegitimate

Il`le*git"i*mate (?), a.

1. Not according to law; not regular or authorized; unlawful; improper.

2. Unlawfully begotten; born out of wedlock; bastard; as, an illegitimate child.

3. Not legitimately deduced or inferred; illogical; as, an illegitimate inference.

4. Not authorized by good usage; not genuine; spurious; as, an illegitimate word. Illegitimate fertilization, ∨ Illegitimate union (Bot.), the fertilization of pistils by stamens not of their own length, in heterogonously dimorphic and trimorphic flowers. Darwin.

Illegitimate

Il`le*git"i*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illegitimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illegitimating.] To render illegitimate; to declare or prove to be born out of wedlock; to bastardize; to illegitimatize.
The marriage should only be dissolved for the future, without illegitimating the issue. Bp. Burnet.

Illegitimately

Il`le*git"i*mate*ly (?), adv. In a illegitimate manner; unlawfully.

Illegitimation

Il`le*git`i*ma"tion (?), n.

1. The act of illegitimating; bastardizing.

2. The state of being illegitimate; illegitimacy. [Obs.]

Gardiner had performed his promise to the queen of getting her illegitimation taken off. Bp. Burnet.

Illegitimatize

Il`le*git"i*ma*tize (?), v. t. To render illegitimate; to bastardize.

Illesive

Il*le"sive (?), a. [Pref. il- not + L. laedere, laesum, to injure.] Not injurious; harmless. [R.]

Illeviable

Il*lev"i*a*ble (?), a. Not leviable; incapable of being imposed, or collected. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

Ill-favored

Ill`-fa"vored (?), a. Wanting beauty or attractiveness; deformed; ugly; ill-looking.
Ill-favored and lean-fleshed. Gen. xli. 3.
-- Ill`-fa"vored*ly, adv. -- Ill`-fa"vored*ness, n.

Illiberal

Il*lib"er*al (?), a. [L. illiberalis; pref. il- not + liberalis liberal: cf. F. illib\'82ral.]

1. Not liberal; not free or generous; close; niggardly; mean; sordid. "A thrifty and illiberal hand." Mason.

2. Indicating a lack of breeding, culture, and the like; ignoble; rude; narrow-minded; disingenuous.

3. Not well authorized or elegant; as, illiberal words in Latin. [R.] Chesterfield.

Illiberalism

Il*lib"er*al*ism (?), n. Illiberality. [R.]

Illiberality

Il*lib`er*al"i*ty (?), n. [L. illiberalitas: cf. F. illib\'82ralit\'82.] The state or quality of being illiberal; narrowness of mind; meanness; niggardliness. Bacon.

Illiberalize

Il*lib"er*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illiberalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illiberalizing (?).] To make illiberal.

Illiberally

Il*lib"er*al*ly, adv. In a illiberal manner, ungenerously; uncharitably; parsimoniously.

Illiberalness

Il*lib"er*al*ness, n. The state of being illiberal; illiberality.

Illicit

Il*lic"it (?), a. [L. illicitus; pref. il- not + licitus, p.p. of licere to be allowed or permitted: cf. F. illicite. See In- not, and License.] Not permitted or allowed; prohibited; unlawful; as, illicit trade; illicit intercourse; illicit pleasure.
One illicit . . . transaction always leads to another. Burke.
-- Il*lic"it*ly, adv. -- Il*lic"it*ness, n.

Illicitous

Il*lic"it*ous (?), a. Illicit. [R.] Cotgrave.

Illicium

Il*li"ci*um (?), n. [So called, in allusion to its aroma, from L. illicium an allurement.] (Bot.) A genus of Asiatic and American magnoliaceous trees, having star-shaped fruit; star anise. The fruit of Illicium anisatum is used as a spice in India, and its oil is largely used in Europe for flavoring cordials, being almost identical with true oil of anise.

Illighten

Il*light"en (?), v. t. To enlighten. [Obs.]

Illimitable

Il*lim"it*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. il- not + limitable: cf. F. illimitable.] Incapable of being limited or bounded; immeasurable; limitless; boundless; as, illimitable space.
The wild, the irregular, the illimitable, and the luxuriant, have their appropriate force of beauty. De Quincey.
Syn. -- Boundless; limitless; unlimited; unbounded; immeasurable; infinite; immense; vast. -- Il*lim"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Il*lim"it*a*bly, adv.

Illimitation

Il*lim`it*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. il- not + limitation: cf. F. illimitation.] State of being illimitable; want of, or freedom from, limitation. Bp. Hall.

Illimited

Il*lim"it*ed (?), a. Not limited; interminable. Bp. Hall. -- Il*lim"it*ed*ness, n.
The absoluteness and illimitedness of his commission was generally much spoken of. Clarendon.

Illinition

Il`li*ni"tion (?), n. [L. illinire, illinere, to besmear; pref. il- in, on + linire, linere, to smear.]

1. A smearing or rubbing in or on; also, that which is smeared or rubbed on, as ointment or liniment.

2. A thin crust of some extraneous substance formed on minerals. [R.]

A thin crust or illinition of black manganese. Kirwan.

Illinois

Il`li*nois" (?), n.sing. & pl. (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians, which formerly occupied the region between the Wabash and Mississippi rivers.

Illiquation

Il`li*qua"tion (?), n. [Pref. il- in + L. liquare to melt.] The melting or dissolving of one thing into another.

Illish

Ill"ish (?), a. Somewhat ill. [Obs.] Howell.

Illision

Il*li"sion (?), n. [L. illisio, fr. illidere, illisum, to strike against; pref. il- in + laedere to strike.] The act of dashing or striking against. Sir T. Browne.

Illiteracy

Il*lit"er*a*cy (?), n.; pl. Illiteracies (#). [From Illiterate.]

1. The state of being illiterate, or uneducated; want of learning, or knowledge; ignorance; specifically, inability to read and write; as, the illiteracy shown by the last census.

2. An instance of ignorance; a literary blunder.

The many blunders and illiteracies of the first publishers of his [Shakespeare's] works. Pope.

Illiteral

Il*lit"er*al (?), a. Not literal. [R.] B. Dawson.

Illiterate

Il*lit"er*ate (?), a. [L. illiteratus: pref. il- not + literatus learned. See In- not, and Literal.] Ignorant of letters or books; unlettered; uninstructed; uneducated; as, an illiterate man, or people. Syn. -- Ignorant; untaught; unlearned; unlettered; unscholary. See Ignorant. -- Il*lit"er*ate*ly, adv. -- Il*lit"er*ate*ness, n.

Illiterature

Il*lit"er*a*ture (?), n. Want of learning; illiteracy. [R.] Ayliffe. Southey.

Ill-judged

Ill"-judged` (?), a. Not well judged; unwise.

Ill-lived

Ill"-lived` (?), a. Leading a wicked life. [Obs.]

Ill-looking

Ill"-look`ing (?), a. Having a bad look; threatening; ugly. See Note under Ill, adv.

Ill-mannered

Ill`-man"nered (?), a. Impolite; rude.

Ill-minded

Ill"-mind`ed (?), a. Ill-disposed. Byron.

Ill-natured

Ill`-na"tured (?), a.

1. Of habitual bad temper; peevish; fractious; cross; crabbed; surly; as, an ill-natured person.

2. Dictated by, or indicating, ill nature; spiteful. "The ill-natured task refuse." Addison.

3. Intractable; not yielding to culture. [R.] "Ill-natured land." J. Philips. -- Ill`-na"tured*ly, adv. -- Ill`-na"tured*ness, n.

Illness

Ill"ness (?), n. [From Ill.]

1. The condition of being ill, evil, or bad; badness; unfavorableness. [Obs.] "The illness of the weather." Locke.

2. Disease; indisposition; malady; disorder of health; sickness; as, a short or a severe illness.

3. Wrong moral conduct; wickedness. Shak. Syn. -- Malady; disease; indisposition; ailment. -- Illness, Sickness. Within the present century, there has been a tendency in England to use illness in the sense of a continuous disease, disorder of health, or sickness, and to confine sickness more especially to a sense of nausea, or "sickness of the stomach."

Ill-nurtured

Ill"-nur`tured (?), a. Ill-bred. Shak.

Illocality

Il`lo*cal"i*ty (?), n. Want of locality or place. [R.] Cudworth.

Illogical

Il*log"ic*al (?), a. Ignorant or negligent of the rules of logic or correct reasoning; as, an illogical disputant; contrary of the rules of logic or sound reasoning; as, an illogical inference. -- Il*log"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Il*log"ic*al*ness, n.

Ill-omened

Ill`-o"mened (?), a. Having unlucky omens; inauspicious. See Note under Ill, adv.

Ill-starred

Ill"-starred` (?), a. Fated to be unfortunate; unlucky; as, an ill-starred man or day.

Ill-tempered

Ill`-tem"pered (?), a.

1. Of bad temper; morose; crabbed; sour; peevish; fretful; quarrelsome.

2. Unhealthy; ill-conditioned. [Obs.]

So ill-tempered I am grown, that I am afraid I shall catch cold, while all the world is afraid to melt away. Pepys.

Ill-timed

Ill"-timed` (?), a. Done, attempted, or said, at an unsuitable or unpropitious time.

Illtreat

Ill`treat" (?), v. t. To treat cruelly or improperly; to ill use; to maltreat.

Illude

Il*lude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuded; p. pr. & vb. n. Illuding.] [L. illudere, illusum; pref. il- in + ludere to play: cf. OF. illuder. See Ludicrous.] To play upon by artifice; to deceive; to mock; to excite and disappoint the hopes of.

Illume

Il*lume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illuming.] [Cf. F. illuminer. See Illuminate.] To throw or spread light upon; to make light or bright; to illuminate; to illumine. Shak.
The mountain's brow, Illumed with fluid gold. Thomson.

Illuminable

Il*lu"mi*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being illuminated.

Illuminant

Il*lu"mi*nant (?), n. [L. illuminans, -antis, p.pr. of illuminare.] That which illuminates or affords light; as, gas and petroleum are illuminants. Boyle.

Illuminary

Il*lu"mi*na*ry (?), a. Illuminative.

Illuminate

Il*lu"mi*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illuminating (?).] [L. illuminatus, p.p. of illuminare; pref. il- in + luminare to enlighten, fr. lumen light. See Luminous, and cf. Illume, Illumine, Enlimn, Limn.]

1. To make light; to throw light on; to supply with light, literally or figuratively; to brighten.

2. To light up; to decorate with artificial lights, as a building or city, in token of rejoicing or respect.

3. To adorn, as a book or page with borders, initial letters, or miniature pictures in colors and gold, as was done in manuscripts of the Middle Ages.

4. To make plain or clear; to dispel the obscurity to by knowledge or reason; to explain; to elucidate; as, to illuminate a text, a problem, or a duty.


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Illuminate

Il*lu"mi*nate (?), v. i. To light up in token or rejoicing.

Illuminate

Il*lu"mi*nate (?), a. [L. illuminatus, p.p.] Enlightened. Bp. Hall.

Illuminate

Il*lu"mi*nate, n. One who enlightened; esp., a pretender to extraordinary light and knowledge.

Illuminati

Il*lu`mi*na"ti (?), n. pl. [L. illuminatus. See Illuminate, v. t., and cf. Illuminee.] Literally, those who are enlightened; -- variously applied as follows: -

1. (Eccl.) Persons in the early church who had received baptism; in which ceremony a lighted taper was given them, as a symbol of the spiritual illumination they has received by that sacrament.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) Members of a sect which sprung up in Spain about the year 1575. Their principal doctrine was, that, by means of prayer, they had attained to so perfect a state as to have no need of ordinances, sacraments, good works, etc.; -- called also Alumbrados, Perfectibilists, etc.

3. (Mod. Hist.) Members of certain associations in Modern Europe, who combined to promote social reforms, by which they expected to raise men and society to perfection, esp. of one originated in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt, professor of canon law at Ingolstadt, which spread rapidly for a time, but ceased after a few years.

4. Also applied to: (a) An obscure sect of French Familists. (b) The Hesychasts, Mystics, and Quietists; (c) The Rosicrucians.

5. Any persons who profess special spiritual or intellectual enlightenment.

Illuminating

Il*lu"mi*na`ting (?), a. Giving or producing light; used for illumination. Illuminating gas. See Gas, n., 2 (a).

Illumination

Il*lu`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. illuminatio: cf. F. illumination.]

1. The act of illuminating, or supplying with light; the state of being illuminated.

2. Festive decoration of houses or buildings with lights.

3. Adornment of books and manuscripts with colored illustrations. See Illuminate, v. t., 3.

4. That which is illuminated, as a house; also, an ornamented book or manuscript.

5. That which illuminates or gives light; brightness; splendor; especially, intellectual light or knowledge.

The illumination which a bright genius giveth to his work. Felton.

6. (Theol.) The special communication of knowledge to the mind by God; inspiration.

Hymns and psalms . . . are framed by meditation beforehand, or by prophetical illumination are inspired. Hooker.

Illuminatism

Il*lu"mi*na*tism (?), n. Illuminism. [R.]

Illuminative

Il*lu"mi*na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. illuminatif.] Tending to illuminate or illustrate; throwing light; illustrative. "Illuminative reading." Carlyle.

Illuminator

Il*lu"mi*na`tor (?), n. [L., an enlightener, LL. also, an illuminator of books.]

1. One whose occupation is to adorn books, especially manuscripts, with miniatures, borders, etc. See Illuminate, v. t., 3.

2. A condenser or reflector of light in optical apparatus; also, an illuminant.

Illumine

Il*lu"mine (?), v. t. [Cf. F. illuminer. See Illuminate.] To illuminate; to light up; to adorn.

Illuminee

Il*lu`mi*nee" (?), n. [F. illumin\'82. Cf. Illuminati.] One of the Illuminati.

Illuminer

Il*lu"mi*ner (?), n. One who, or that which, illuminates.

Illuminism

Il*lu"mi*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. illuminisme.] The principles of the Illuminati.

Illuministic

Il*lu`mi*nis"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to illuminism, or the Illuminati.

Illuminize

Il*lu"mi*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuminized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illuminizing (?).] To initiate the doctrines or principles of the Illuminati.

Illuminous

Il*lu"mi*nous (?), a. Bright; clear. [R.] H. Taylor.

Illure

Il*lure" (?), v. t. [Pref. il- in + lure.] To deceive; to entice; to lure. [Obs.]
The devil insnareth the souls of many men, by illuring them with the muck and dung of this world. Fuller.

Ill-used

Ill`-used" (?), a. Misapplied; treated badly.

Illusion

Il*lu"sion (?), n. [F. illusion, L. illusio, fr. illudere, illusum, to illude. See Illude.]

1. An unreal image presented to the bodily or mental vision; a deceptive appearance; a false show; mockery; hallucination.

To cheat the eye with blear illusions. Milton.

2. Hence: Anything agreeably fascinating and charning; enchantment; witchery; glamour.

Ye soft illusions, dear deceits, arise! Pope.

3. (Physiol.) A sensation originated by some external object, but so modified as in any way to lead to an erroneous perception; as when the rolling of a wagon is mistaken for thunder. &hand; Some modern writers distinguish between an illusion and hallucination, regarding the former as originating with some external object, and the latter as having no objective occasion whatever.

4. A plain, delicate lace, usually of silk, used for veils, scarfs, dresses, etc. Syn. -- Delusion; mockery; deception; chimera; fallacy. See Delusion. Illusion, Delusion. Illusion refers particularly to errors of the sense; delusion to false hopes or deceptions of the mind. An optical deception is an illusion; a false opinion is a delusion. E. Edwards.

Illusionable

Il*lu"sion*a*ble (?), a. Liable to illusion.

Illusionist

Il*lu"sion*ist, n. One given to illusion; a visionary dreamer.

Illusive

Il*lu"sive (?), a. [See Illude.] Deceiving by false show; deceitful; deceptive; false; illusory; unreal.
Truth from illusive falsehood to command. Thomson.

Illusively

Il*lu"sive*ly, adv. In a illusive manner; falsely.

Illusiveness

Il*lu"sive*ness, n. The quality of being illusive; deceptiveness; false show.

Illusory

Il*lu"so*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. illusore.] Deceiving, or tending of deceive; fallacious; illusive; as, illusory promises or hopes.

Illustrable

Il*lus"tra*ble (?), a. Capable of illustration. Sir T. Browne.

Illustrate

Il*lus"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illustrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illustrating (?).] [L. illustratus, p.p. of illustrare to illustrate, fr. illustris bright. See Illustrious.]

1. To make clear, bright, or luminous.

Here, when the moon illustrates all the sky. Chapman.

2. To set in a clear light; to exhibit distinctly or conspicuously. Shak.

To prove him, and illustrate his high worth. Milton.

3. To make clear, intelligible, or apprehensible; to elucidate, explain, or exemplify, as by means of figures, comparisons, and examples.

4. To adorn with pictures, as a book or a subject; to elucidate with pictures, as a history or a romance.

5. To give renown or honor to; to make illustrious; to glorify. [Obs.]

Matter to me of glory, whom their hate Illustrates. Milton.

Illustrate

Il*lus"trate (?), a. [L. illustratus, p.p.] Illustrated; distinguished; illustrious. [Obs.]
This most gallant, illustrate, and learned gentleman. Shak.

Illustration

Il`lus*tra"tion (?), n. [L. illustratio: cf. F. illustration.]

1. The act of illustrating; the act of making clear and distinct; education; also, the state of being illustrated, or of being made clear and distinct.

2. That which illustrates; a comparison or example intended to make clear or apprehensible, or to remove obscurity.

3. A picture designed to decorate a volume or elucidate a literary work.

Illustrative

Il*lus"tra*tive (?), a.

1. Tending or designed to illustrate, exemplify, or elucidate.

2. Making illustrious. [Obs.]

Illustratively

Il*lus"tra*tive*ly, adv. By way of illustration or elucidation. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Illustrator

Il*lus"tra*tor (?), n. [L.] One who illustrates.

Illustratory

Il*lus"tra*to*ry (?), a. Serving to illustrate.

Illustrious

Il*lus"tri*ous (?), a. [L. illustris, prob. for illuxtris; fr. il- in + the root of lucidus bright: cf. F. illustre. See Lucid.]

1. Possessing luster or brightness; brilliant; luminous; splendid.

Quench the light; thine eyes are guides illustrious. Beau. & Fl.

2. Characterized by greatness, nobleness, etc.; eminent; conspicuous; distinguished.

Illustrious earls, renowened everywhere. Drayton.

3. Conferring luster or honor; renowned; as, illustrious deeds or titles. Syn. -- Distinguished; famous; remarkable; brilliant; conspicuous; noted; celebrated; signal; renowened; eminent; exalted; noble; glorious. See Distinguished, Famous.

Illustriously

Il*lus"tri*ous*ly, adv. In a illustrious manner; conspicuously; eminently; famously. Milton.

Illustriousness

Il*lus"tri*ous*ness, n. The state or quality of being eminent; greatness; grandeur; glory; fame.

Illustrous

Il*lus"trous (?), a. [Pref. il- not + lustrous.] Without luster. [Obs. & R.]

Illutation

Il`lu*ta"tion (?), n. [Pref. il- in + L. lutum mud: cf. F. illutation.] The act or operation of smearing the body with mud, especially with the sediment from mineral springs; a mud bath.

Illuxurious

Il`lux*u"ri*ous (?), a. Not luxurious. [R.] Orrery.

Ill-will

Ill`-will" (?). See under Ill, a.

Ill-wisher

Ill`-wish"er (?), n. One who wishes ill to another; an enemy.

Illy

Il"ly (?), adv. [A word not fully approved, but sometimes used for the adverb ill.]

Ilmenite

Il"men*ite (?), n. [So called from Ilmen, a branch of the Ural Mountains.] (Min.) Titanic iron. See Menaccanite.

Ilmenium

Il*me"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Ilmenite.] (Chem.) A supposed element claimed to have been discovered by R.Harmann.

Ilvaite

Il"va*ite (?), n. [From L. Ilva, the island now called Elba.] (Min.) A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic crystals and columnar masses.

I'm

I'm (?). A contraction of I am.

Im-

Im- (?). A form of the prefix in- not, and in- in. See In-. Im- also occurs in composition with some words not of Latin origin; as, imbank, imbitter.

Image

Im"age (?), n. [F., fr. L. imago, imaginis, from the root of imitari to imitate. See Imitate, and cf. Imagine.]

1. An imitation, representation, or similitude of any person, thing, or act, sculptured, drawn, painted, or otherwise made perceptible to the sight; a visible presentation; a copy; a likeness; an effigy; a picture; a semblance.

Even like a stony image, cold and numb. Shak.
Whose is this image and superscription? Matt. xxii. 20.
This play is the image of a murder done in Vienna. Shak.
And God created man in his own image. Gen. i. 27.

2. Hence: The likeness of anything to which worship is paid; an idol. Chaucer.

Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, . . . thou shalt not bow down thyself to them. Ex. xx. 4, 5.

3. Show; appearance; cast.

The face of things a frightful image bears. Dryden.

4. A representation of anything to the mind; a picture drawn by the fancy; a conception; an idea.

Can we conceive Image of aught delightful, soft, or great? Prior.

5. (Rhet.) A picture, example, or illustration, often taken from sensible objects, and used to illustrate a subject; usually, an extended metaphor. Brande & C.

6. (Opt.) The figure or picture of any object formed at the focus of a lens or mirror, by rays of light from the several points of the object symmetrically refracted or reflected to corresponding points in such focus; this may be received on a screen, a photographic plate, or the retina of the eye, and viewed directly by the eye, or with an eyeglass, as in the telescope and microscope; the likeness of an object formed by reflection; as, to see one's image in a mirror. Electrical image. See under Electrical. -- Image breaker, one who destroys images; an iconoclast. -- Image graver, Image maker, a sculptor. -- Image worship, the worship of images as symbols; iconolatry distinguished from idolatry; the worship of images themselves. -- Image Purkinje (Physics), the image of the retinal blood vessels projected in, not merely on, that membrane. -- Virtual image (Optics), a point or system of points, on one side of a mirror or lens, which, if it existed, would emit the system of rays which actually exists on the other side of the mirror or lens. Clerk Maxwell.

Image

Im"age (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imaging (?).]

1. To represent or form an image of; as, the still lake imaged the shore; the mirror imaged her figure. "Shrines of imaged saints." J. Warton.

2. To represent to the mental vision; to form a likeness of by the fancy or recollection; to imagine.

Condemn'd whole years in absence to deplore, And image charms he must behold no more. Pope.

Imageable

Im"age*a*ble (?), a. That may be imaged. [R.]

Imageless

Im"age*less, a. Having no image. Shelley.

Imager

Im"a*ger (?), n. One who images or forms likenesses; a sculptor. [Obs.]
Praxiteles was ennobled for a rare imager. Holland.

Imagery

Im"age*ry (?), n. [OE. imagerie, F. imagerie.]

1. The work of one who makes images or visible representation of objects; imitation work; images in general, or in mass. "Painted imagery." Shak.

In those oratories might you see Rich carvings, portraitures, and imagery. Dryden.

2. Fig.: Unreal show; imitation; appearance.

What can thy imagery of sorrow mean? Prior.

3. The work of the imagination or fancy; false ideas; imaginary phantasms.

The imagery of a melancholic fancy. Atterbury.

4. Rhetorical decoration in writing or speaking; vivid descriptions presenting or suggesting images of sensible objects; figures in discourse.

I wish there may be in this poem any instance of good imagery. Dryden.

Imaginability

Im*ag`i*na*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capacity for imagination. [R.] Coleridge.

Imaginable

Im*ag"i*na*ble (?), a. [L. imaginabilis: cf. F. imaginable.] Capable of being imagined; conceivable.
Men sunk into the greatest darkness imaginable. Tillotson.
-- Im*ag"i*na*ble*ness, n. -- Im*ag"i*na*bly, adv.

Imaginal

Im*ag"i*nal (?), a. [L. imaginalis.]

1. Characterized by imagination; imaginative; also, given to the use or rhetorical figures or imagins.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to an imago. Imaginal disks (Zo\'94l.), masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larv\'91 of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.

Imaginant

Im*ag"i*nant (?), a. [L. imaginans, p.pr. of imaginari: cf. F. imaginant.] Imagining; conceiving. [Obs.] Bacon. -- n. An imaginer. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Imaginarily

Im*ag"i*na*ri*ly (?), a. In a imaginary manner; in imagination. B. Jonson.

Imaginariness

Im*ag"i*na*ri*ness, n. The state or quality of being imaginary; unreality.

Imaginary

Im*ag"i*na*ry (?), a. [L. imaginarius: cf. F. imaginaire.] Existing only in imagination or fancy; not real; fancied; visionary; ideal.
Wilt thou add to all the griefs I suffer Imaginary ills and fancied tortures? Addison.
Imaginary calculus See under Calculus. -- Imaginary expression ∨ quantity (Alg.), an algebraic expression which involves the impossible operation of taking the square root of a negative quantity; as, &root;-9, a + b &root;-1. -- Imaginary points, lines, surfaces, etc. (Geom.), points, lines, surfaces, etc., imagined to exist, although by reason of certain changes of a figure they have in fact ceased to have a real existence.Syn. -- Ideal; fanciful; chimerical; visionary; fancied; unreal; illusive.

Imaginary

Im*ag"i*na*ry, n. (Alg.) An imaginary expression or quantity.

Imaginate

Im*ag"i*nate (?), a. Imaginative. [Obs.] Holland.

Imagination

Im*ag`i*na"tion (?), n. [OE. imaginacionum, F. imagination, fr. L. imaginatio. See Imagine.]

1. The imagine-making power of the mind; the power to create or reproduce ideally an object of sense previously perceived; the power to call up mental imagines.

Our simple apprehension of corporeal objects, if present, is sense; if absent, is imagination. Glanvill.
Imagination is of three kinds: joined with belief of that which is to come; joined with memory of that which is past; and of things present, or as if they were present. Bacon.

2. The representative power; the power to reconstruct or recombine the materials furnished by direct apprehension; the complex faculty usually termed the plastic or creative power; the fancy.

The imagination of common language -- the productive imagination of philosophers -- is nothing but the representative process plus the process to which I would give the name of the "comparative." Sir W. Hamilton.
The power of the mind to decompose its conceptions, and to recombine the elements of them at its pleasure, is called its faculty of imagination. I. Taylor.
The business of conception is to present us with an exact transcript of what we have felt or perceived. But we have moreover a power of modifying our conceptions, by combining the parts of different ones together, so as to form new wholes of our creation. I shall employ the word imagination to express this power. Stewart.

3. The power to recombine the materials furnished by experience or memory, for the accomplishment of an elevated purpose; the power of conceiving and expressing the ideal.

The lunatic, the lover, and the poet Are of imagination all compact . . . The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven, And as imagination bodies forth The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing A local habitation and a name. Shak.

4. A mental image formed by the action of the imagination as a faculty; a conception; a notion. Shak. Syn. -- Conception; idea; conceit; fancy; device; origination; invention; scheme; design; purpose; contrivance. -- Imagination, Fancy. These words have, to a great extent, been interchanged by our best writers, and considered as strictly synonymous. A distinction, however, is now made between them which more fully exhibits their nature. Properly speaking, they are different exercises of the same general power -- the plastic or creative faculty. Imagination consists in taking parts of our conceptions and combining them into new forms and images more select, more striking, more delightful, more terrible, etc., than those of ordinary nature. It is the higher exercise of the two. It creates by laws more closely connected with the reason; it has strong emotion as its actuating and formative cause; it aims at results of a definite and weighty character. Milton's fiery lake, the debates of his Pandemonium, the exquisite scenes of his Paradise, are all products of the imagination. Fancy moves on a lighter wing; it is governed by laws of association which are more remote, and sometimes arbitrary or capricious. Hence the term fanciful, which exhibits fancy in its wilder flights. It has for its actuating spirit feelings of a lively, gay, and versatile character; it seeks to please by unexpected combinations of thought, startling contrasts, flashes of brilliant imagery, etc. Pope's Rape of the Lock is an exhibition of fancy which has scarcely its equal in the literature of any country. -- "This, for instance, Wordworth did in respect of the words \'bfimagination' and \'bffancy.' Before he wrote, it was, I suppose, obscurely felt by most that in \'bfimagination' there was more of the earnest, in \'bffancy' of the play of the spirit; that the first was a loftier faculty and gift than the second; yet for all this words were continually, and not without loss, confounded. He first, in the preface to his Lyrical Ballads, rendered it henceforth impossible that any one, who had read and mastered what he has written on the two words, should remain unconscious any longer of the important difference between them." Trench.

The same power, which we should call fancy if employed on a production of a light nature, would be dignified with the title of imagination if shown on a grander scale. C. J. Smith.

Page 730

Imaginational

Im*ag`i*na"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, involving, or caused by, imagination.

Imaginationalism

Im*ag`i*na"tion*al*ism (?), n. Idealism. J. Grote.

Imaginative

Im*ag"i*na*tive (?), a. [F. imaginatif.]

1. Proceeding from, and characterized by, the imagination, generally in the highest sense of the word.

In all the higher departments of imaginative art, nature still constitues an important element. Mure.

2. Given to imagining; full of images, fancies, etc.; having a quick imagination; conceptive; creative.

Milton had a highly imaginative, Cowley a very fanciful mind. Coleridge.

3. Unreasonably suspicious; jealous. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Im*ag"i*na*tive*ly, adv. -- Im*ag"i*na*tive*ness, n.

Imagine

Im*ag"ine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imagined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imagining.] [F. imaginer, L. imaginari, p.p. imaginatus, fr. imago image. See Image.]

1. To form in the mind a notion or idea of; to form a mental image of; to conceive; to produce by the imagination.

In the night, imagining some fear, How easy is a bush supposed a bear! Shak.

2. To contrive in purpose; to scheme; to devise; to compass; to purpose. See Compass, v. t., 5.

How long will ye imagine mischief against a man? Ps. lxii. 3.

3. To represent to one's self; to think; to believe. Shak. Syn. -- To fancy; conceive; apprehend; think; believe; suppose; opine; deem; plan; scheme; devise.

Imagine

Im*ag"ine, v. i.

1. To form images or conceptions; to conceive; to devise.

2. To think; to suppose.

My sister is not so defenseless left As you imagine. Milton.

Imaginer

Im*ag"in*er (?), n. One who forms ideas or conceptions; one who contrives. Bacon.

Imaginous

Im*ag"in*ous (?), a. Imaginative. [R.] Chapman.

Imago

I*ma"go (?), n.; pl. Imagoes (#). [L. See Image.]

1. An image.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The final adult, and usually winged, state of an insect. See Illust. of Ant-lion, and Army worm.

Imam, Iman, Imaum

I*mam" (?), I*man" (?), I*maum" (?), n. [Ar. im\'bem.]

1. Among the Mohammedans, a minister or priest who performs the regular service of the mosque.

2. A Mohammedan prince who, as a successor of Mohammed, unites in his person supreme spiritual and temporal power.

Imaret

I*ma"ret (?), n. [Turk., fr. Ar. 'im\'bera.] A lodging house for Mohammedan pilgrims. Moore.

Imbalm

Im*balm" (?), v. t. See Embalm.

Imban

Im*ban" (?), v. t. To put under a ban. [R.] Barlow.

Imband

Im*band" (?), v. t. To form into a band or bands. "Imbanded nations." J. Barlow.

Imbank

Im*bank" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbanked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbanking.] [Pref. im- in + bank. Cf. Embank.] To inclose or defend with a bank or banks. See Embank.

Imbankment

Im*bank"ment (?), n. The act of surrounding with a bank; a bank or mound raised for defense, a roadway, etc.; an embankment. See Embankment.

Imbannered

Im*ban"nered (?), a. Having banners.

Imbar

Im*bar" (?), v. t. To bar in; to secure. [Obs.]
To imbar their crooked titles. Shak.

Imbargo

Im*bar"go (?), n. See Embargo.

Imbark

Im*bark" (?), v. i. & t. See Embark.

Imbarn

Im*barn" (?), v. t. To store in a barn. [Obs.]

Imbase

Im*base" (?), v. t. See Embase.

Imbase

Im*base", v. i. To diminish in value. [Obs.] Hales.

Imbastardize

Im*bas"tard*ize (?), v. t. To bastardize; to debase. [Obs.] Milton.

Imbathe

Im*bathe" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + bathe. Cf. Embathe.] To bathe; to wash freely; to immerce.
And gave her to his daughters to imbathe In nectared lavers strewed with asphodel. Milton.

Imbay

Im*bay" (?), v. t. See Embay.

Imbecile

Im"be*cile (?), a. [L. imbecillis, and imbecillus; of unknown origin: cf. F. imb\'82cile.] Destitute of strength, whether of body or mind; feeble; impotent; esp., mentally wea; feeble-minded; as, hospitals for the imbecile and insane. Syn. -- Weak; feeble; feeble-minded; idiotic.

Imbecile

Im"be*cile, n. One destitute of strength; esp., one of feeble mind.

Imbecile

Im"be*cile, v. t. To weaken; to make imbecile; as, to imbecile men's courage. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Imbecilitate

Im`be*cil"i*tate (?), v. t. To weaken, as to the body or the mind; to enfeeble. [R.] A. Wilson.

Imbecility

Im`be*cil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Imbecilities (#). [L. imbecillitas: cf. F. imb\'82cillit\'82.] The quality of being imbecile; weakness; feebleness, esp. of mind.
Cruelty . . . argues not only a depravedness of nature, but also a meanness of courage and imbecility of mind. Sir W. Temple.
&hand; This term is used specifically to denote natural weakness of the mental faculties, affecting one's power to act reasonably or intelligently. Syn. -- Debility; infirmity; weakness; feebleness; impotence. See Debility.

Imbed

Im*bed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbedded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbedding.] [Pref. im- in + bed. Cf. Embed.] To sink or lay, as in a bed; to deposit in a partly inclosing mass, as of clay or mortar; to cover, as with earth, sand, etc.

Imbellic

Im*bel"lic (?), a. [L. imbellis; pref. im- = in- not + bellum war; cf. bellicus warlike.] Not warlike or martial. [Obs.] R. Junius.

Imbenching

Im*bench"ing (?), n. [Pref. im- in + bench.] A raised work like a bench. [Obs.] Parkhurst.

Imber-goose

Im"ber-goose` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The loon. See Ember-goose.

Imbezzle

Im*bez"zle (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Embezzle.

Imbibe

Im*bibe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbibed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbibing.] [L. imbibere; pref. im- in + bibere to drink: cf. F. imbiber. Cf. Bib, Imbue, Potable.]

1. To drink in; to absorb; to suck or take in; to receive as by drinking; as, a person imbibes drink, or a sponge imbibes moisture.

2. To receive or absorb into the mind and retain; as, to imbibe principles; to imbibe errors.

3. To saturate; to imbue. [Obs.] "Earth, imbibed with . . . acid." Sir I. Newton.

Imbiber

Im*bib"er (?), n. One who, or that which, imbibes.

Imbibition

Im`bi*bi"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. imbibition.] The act or process of imbibing, or absorbing; as, the post-mortem imbibition of poisons. Bacon.

Imbitter

Im*bit"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbittering.] [Pref. im- in + bitter. Cf. Embitter.] [Written also embitter.] To make bitter; hence, to make distressing or more distressing; to make sad, morose, sour, or malignant.
Is there anything that more imbitters the enjoyment of this life than shame? South.
Imbittered against each other by former contests. Bancroft.

Imbitterer

Im*bit"ter*er (?), n. One who, or that which, imbitters.

Imbitterment

Im*bit"ter*ment (?), n. The act of imbittering; bitter feeling; embitterment.

Imblaze

Im*blaze" (?), v. t. See Emblaze.

Imblazon

Im*bla"zon (?), v. t. See Emblazon.

Imbody

Im*bod"y (?), v. i. [See Embody.] To become corporeal; to assume the qualities of a material body. See Embody.
The soul grows clotted by contagion, Imbodies, and imbrutes. Milton.

Imboil

Im*boil" (?), v. t. & i. [Obs.] See Emboil.

Imbolden

Im*bold"en (?), v. t. See Embolden.

Imbonity

Im*bon"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- not + L. bonitas goodness.] Want of goodness. [Obs.] Burton.

Imborder

Im*bor"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbordered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbordering.] [Pref. im- in + border. Cf. Emborder.] To furnish or inclose with a border; to form a border of. Milton.

Imbosk

Im*bosk" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbosked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbosking.] [CF. It. imboscare to imbosk, imboscarsi to retire into a wood; pref. im- in + bosco wood. See Boscage, and cf. Ambush.] To conceal, as in bushes; to hide. [Obs.] Shelton.

Imbosk

Im*bosk", v. i. To be concealed. [R.] Milton.

Imbosom

Im*bos"om (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbosomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbosoming.] [Pref. im- in + bosom. Cf. Embosom.]

1. To hold in the bosom; to cherish in the heart or affection; to embosom.

2. To inclose or place in the midst of; to surround or shelter; as, a house imbosomed in a grove. "Villages imbosomed soft in trees." Thomson.

The Father infinite, By whom in bliss imbosomed sat the Son. Milton.

Imboss

Im*boss" (?), v. t. See Emboss.

Imbosture

Im*bos"ture (?), n. [See Emboss.] Embossed or raised work. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Imbound

Im*bound" (?), v. t. To inclose in limits; to shut in. [Obs.] Shak.

Imbow

Im*bow" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + bow. Cf. Embow.] To make like a bow; to curve; to arch; to vault; to embow. "Imbowed windows." Bacon.

Imbowel

Im*bow"el (?), v. t. See Embowel.

Imbower

Im*bow"er (?), v. t. & i. See Embower.

Imbowment

Im*bow"ment (?), n. act of imbowing; an arch; a vault. Bacon.

Imbox

Im*box" (?), v. t. To inclose in a box.

Imbracery

Im*bra"cer*y (?), n. Embracery. [Obs.]

Imbraid

Im*braid" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Embraid.

Imbrangle

Im*bran"gle (?), v. t. To entangle as in a cobweb; to mix confusedly. [R.] Hudibras.
Physiology imbrangled with an inapplicable logic. Coleridge.

Imbreed

Im*breed" (?), v. t. [Cf. Inbreed.] To generate within; to inbreed. [Obs.] Hakewill.

Imbricate, Imbricated

Im"bri*cate (?), Im"bri*ca`ted (?), a. [L. imbricatus, p.p. of imbricare to cover with tiles, to form like a gutter tile, fr. imbrex, -icis, a hollow tile, gutter tile, fr. imber rain.]

1. Bent and hollowed like a roof or gutter tile.

2. Lying over each other in regular order, so as to "break joints," like tiles or shingles on a roof, the scales on the leaf buds of plants and the cups of some acorns, or the scales of fishes; overlapping each other at the margins, as leaves in \'91stivation.

3. In decorative art: Having scales lapping one over the other, or a representation of such scales; as, an imbricated surface; an imbricated pattern.

Imbricate

Im"bri*cate (?), v. t. To lay in order, one lapping over another, so as to form an imbricated surface.

Imbrication

Im`bri*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. imbrication.] An overlapping of the edges, like that of tiles or shingles; hence, intricacy of structure; also, a pattern or decoration representing such a structure.

Imbricative

Im"bri*ca*tive (?), a. (Bot.) Imbricate.

Imbrocado

Im`bro*ca"do (?), n.; pl. Imbrocadoes (#). [See Brocade.] Cloth of silver or of gold. [R.]

Imbrocata, Imbroccata

Im`bro*ca"ta (?), Im`broc*ca"ta, n. [It. imbroccata.] A hit or thrust. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Imbroglio

Im*brogl"io (?), n.; pl. Imbroglios (#). [Written also embroglio.] [It. See 1st Broil, and cf. Embroil.]

1. An intricate, complicated plot, as of a drama or work of fiction.

2. A complicated and embarrassing state of things; a serious misunderstanding.

Wrestling to free itself from the baleful imbroglio. Carlyle.

Imbrown

Im*brown" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + brown. Cf. Embrown.] To make brown; to obscure; to darken; to tan; as, features imbrowned by exposure.
The mountain mass by scorching skies imbrowned. Byron.

Imbrue

Im*brue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbureed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbureing.] [Cf. OF. embruer, also embruver, embreuver, embrever, to give to drink, soak (see pref. En-, 1, 1st In-, and Breverage), but also OE. enbrewen, enbrowen, to stain, soil (cf. Brewis).] To wet or moisten; to soak; to drench, especially in blood.
While Darwen stream, will blood of Scots imbrued. Milton.

Imbruement

Im*brue"ment (?), n. The act of imbruing or state of being imbrued.

Imbrute

Im*brute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbruted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbruting.] [Pref. im- in + brute: cf. F. abrutir. Cf. Embrute.] To degrade to the state of a brute; to make brutal.
And mixed with bestial slime, THis essence to incarnate and imbrute. Milton.

Imbrute

Im*brute", v. i. To sink to the state of a brute.
The soul grows clotted by contagion, Imbodies, and imbrutes, till she quite lose The divine property of her first being. Milton.

Imbrutement

Im*brute"ment (?), n. The act of imbruting, or the state of being imbruted. [R.] Brydges.

Imbue

Im*bue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbuing.] [L. imbuere; pref. im- in + perh. a disused simple word akin to L. bibere to drink. Cf. Imbibe.]

1. To tinge deeply; to dye; to cause to absorb; as, clothes thoroughly imbued with black.

2. To tincture deply; to cause to become impressed or penetrated; as, to imbue the minds of youth with good principles.

Thy words with grace divine Imbued, bring to their sweetness no satiety. Milton.

Imbuement

Im*bue"ment (?), n. The act of imbuing; the state of being imbued; hence, a deep tincture.

Imburse

Im*burse" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + burse: cf. F. embourser to put into one's purse. See Burse, and Purse.] To supply or stock with money. [Obs.]

Imbursement

Im*burse"ment (?), n.

1. The act of imbursing, or the state of being imbursed. [Obs.]

2. Money laid up in stock. [Obs.]

Imbution

Im*bu"tion (?), n. An imbuing. [Obs.]

Imesatin

I*mes"a*tin (?), n. [Imide + isatin.] (Chem.) A dark yellow, crystalline substance, obtained by the action of ammonia on isatin.

Imide

Im"ide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound with, or derivative of, the imido group; specif., a compound of one or more acid radicals with the imido group, or with a monamine; hence, also, a derivative of ammonia, in which two atoms of hydrogen have been replaced by divalent basic or acid radicals; -- frequently used as a combining form; as, succinimide.

Imido

Im"i*do (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, containing, or combined with, the radical NH, which is called the imido group. Imido acid, an organic acid, consisting of one or more acid radicals so united with the imido group that it contains replaceable acid hydrogen, and plays the part of an acid; as, uric acid, succinimide, etc., are imido acids.

Imitability

Im`it*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [See Imitable.] The quality of being imitable. Norris.
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Imitable

Im"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. imitabilis: cf. F. imitable. See Imitate.]

1. Capble of being imitated or copied.

The characters of man placed in lower stations of life are more usefull, as being imitable by great numbers. Atterbury.

2. Worthy of imitation; as, imitable character or qualities. Sir W. Raleigh.

Imitableness

Im"i*ta*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being imitable; worthness of imitation.

Imitancy

Im"i*tan*cy (?), n. [From L. imitans, p. pr. of imitare.] Tendency to imitation. [R.] Carlyle.

Imitate

Im"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imitating (?).] [L. imitatus, p. p. of imitari to imitate; of unknown origin. Cf. Image.]

1. To follow as a pattern, model, or example; to copy or strive to copy, in acts, manners etc.

Despise wealth and imitate a dog. Cowlay.

2. To produce a semblance or likeness of, in form, character, color, qualities, conduct, manners, and the like; to counterfeit; to copy.

A place picked out by choice of best alive The Nature's work by art can imitate. Spenser.
This hand appeared a shining sword to weild, And that sustained an imitated shield. Dryden.

3. (Biol.) To resemble (another species of animal, or a plant, or inanimate object) in form, color, ornamentation, or instinctive habits, so as to derive an advantage thereby; sa, when a harmless snake imitates a venomous one in color and manner, or when an odorless insect imitates, in color, one having secretion offensive to birds.

Imitation

Im"i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. imitatio: cf. F. imitation.]

1. The act of imitating.

Poesy is an art of imitation, . . . that is to say, a representing, counterfeiting, or figuring forth. Sir P. Sidney.

2. That which is made or produced as a copy; that which is made to resemble something else, whether for laudable or for fraudulent purposes; likeness; resemblance.

Both these arts are not only true imitations of nature, but of the best nature. Dryden.

3. (Mus.) One of the principal means of securing unity and consistency in polyphonic composition; the repetition of essentially the same melodic theme, phrase, or motive, on different degrees of pitch, by one or more of the other parts of voises. Cf. Canon.

4. (Biol.) The act of condition of imitating another species of animal, or a plant, or unanimate object. See Imitate, v. t., 3. &hand; Imitation is often used adjectively to characterize things which have a deceptive appearance, simulating the qualities of a superior article; -- opposed to real or genuine; as, imitation lace; imitation bronze; imitation modesty, etc.

Imitational

Im`i*ta"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or employed in, imitation; as, imitational propensities.

Imitative

Im"i*ta*tive (?), a. [L. imitavitus: cf. F. imitatif.]

1. Inclined to imitate, copy, or follow; imitating; exhibiting some of the qualities or characteristics of a pattern or model; dependent on example; not original; as, man is an imitative being; painting is an imitative art.

2. Formed after a model, pattern, or original.

This temple, less in form, with equal grace, Was imitative of the first in Thrace. Dryden.

3. (Nat. Hist.) Designed to imitate another species of animal, or a plant, or inanimate object, for some useful purpose, such as protection from enemies; having resamblance to something else; as, imitative colors; imitative habits; dendritic and mammillary forms of minerals are imitative. -- Im"i*ta*tive*ly, adv. -- Im"i*ta*tive*ness, n.

Imitative

Im"i*ta*tive, n. (Gram.) A verb expressive of imitation or resemblance. [R.]

Imitater

Im"i*ta"ter (?), n. [L.] One who imitates.

Imitatorship

Im"i*ta`tor*ship, n. The state or office of an imitator. "Servile imitatorship." Marston.

Imitatress

Im"i*ta`tress (?), n. A woman who is an imitator.

Imitatrix

Im"i*ta`trix (?), n. An imitatress.

Immaculate

Im*mac"u*late (?), a. [L. immaculatus; pref. im- not + maculatus, p. p. of maculare to spot, stane, fr. macula spot. See Mail armor.] Without stain or blemish; spotless; undefiled; clear; pure.
Were but my soul as pure From other guilt as that, Heaven did not hold One more immaculate. Denham.
Thou sheer, immaculate and silver fountain. Shak.
Immaculate conception (R. C. Ch.), the doctrine that the Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin. -- Im*mac"u*late*ly, adv. -- Im*mac"u*late*ness, n.

Immailed

Im*mailed" (?), a. Wearing mail or armor; clad of armor. W. Browne.

Immalleable

Im*mal"le*a*ble (?), a. Not maleable.

Immanacle

Im*man"a*cle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immanacled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immanacling (?).] To manacle; to fetter; hence; to confine; to restrain from free action.
Although this corporal rind Thou hast immanacled. Milton.

Immanation

Im"ma*na"tion (?), n. [Pref. im- in + L. manare to flow; cf. mantio a flowing.] A flowing or entering in; -- opposed to emanation. [R.] Good.

Immane

Im*mane" (?), a. [L. immanis.] Very great; huge; vast; also, monstrous in character; inhuman; atrocious; fierce. [Obs.] "So immane a man." Chapman. -- Im*mane"ly, adv. [Obs.]

Immanence, Immanency

Im"ma*nence (?), Im"ma*nen*cy (?), n. The condition or quality of being immanent; inherence; an indwelling.
[Clement] is mainly concerned in enforcing the immanence of God. Christ is everywhere presented by him as Deity indwelling in the world. A. V. G. Allen.

Immanent

Im"ma*nent (?), a. [L. immanens, p. pr. of immanere to remain in or near; pref. im- in + manere to remain: cf. F. immanent.] Remaining within; inherent; indwelling; abiding; intrinsic; internal or subjective; hence, limited in activity, agency, or effect, to the subject or associated acts; -- opposed to emanant, transitory, transitive, or objective.
A cognition is an immanent act of mind. Sir W. Hamilton.
An immanent power in the life of the world. Hare.

Immanifest

Im*man"i*fest (?), a. Not manifest. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Immanity

Im*man"i*ty (?), n. [L. immanitas.] The state or quality of being immane; barbarity. [R.] Shak.

Immantle

Im*man"tle (?), v. t. See Emmantle. [R.]

Immanuel

Im*man"u*el (?), n. [Heb. 'imm\'ben, fr. 'im with + \'ben us + \'c7l God.] God with us; -- an appellation of the Christ. Is. vii. 14. Matt. i. 23.

Immarcescible

Im`mar*ces"ci*ble (?), a. [L. immarcescibilis; pref. im- not + marcescere to fade: cf. F. immarcescible.] Unfading; lasting. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Immarcescibly

Im`mar*ces"ci*bly, adv. Unfadingly. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Immarginate

Im*mar"gin*ate (?), a. (Bot.) Not having a distinctive margin or border. Grey.

Immartial

Im*mar"tial (?), a. Not martial; unwarlike. [Obs.]

Immask

Im*mask" (?), v. t. To cover, as with a mask; to disguise or conceal. [R.] Shak.

Immatchable

Im*match"a*ble (?), a. Matchless; peerless. [Obs.] Holland.

Immaterrial

Im"ma*ter"ri*al (?), a. [Pref. im- not + material: cf. F. immat\'82riel.]

1. Not consisting of matter; incorporeal; spiritual; disembodied.

Angels are spirits immaterial and intellectual. Hooker.

2. Of no substantial consequence; without weight or significance; unimportant; as, it is wholly immaterial whether he does so or not. Syn. -- Unimportant; inconsequential; insignificant; inconsiderable; trifling.

Immaterialism

Im`ma*te"ri*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. immat\'82rialisme.]

1. The doctrine that immaterial substances or spiritual being exist, or are possible.

2. (Philos.) The doctrine that external bodies may be reduced to mind and ideas in a mind; any doctrine opposed to materialism or phenomenalism, esp. a system that maintains the immateriality of the soul; idealism; esp., Bishop Berkeley's theory of idealism.

Immaterialist

Im`ma*te"ri*al*ist, n. [Cf. F. immat\'82rialiste.] (Philos.) One who believes in or professes, immaterialism.

Immateriality

Im`ma*te`ri*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Immaterialities (#). [Cf. F. immat\'82rialit\'82.] The state or quality of being immaterial or incorporeal; as, the immateriality of the soul.

Immaterialize

Im`ma*te"ri*al*ize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. immat\'82rialiser.] To render immaterial or incorporeal.
Immateralized spirits. Glanvill.

Immaterially

Im`ma*te"ri*al*ly, adv.

1. In an immaterial manner; without matter or corporeal substance.

2. In an unimportant manner or degree.

Immaterialness

Im`ma*te"ri*al*ness, n. The state or quality of being immaterial; immateriality.

Immateriate

Im`ma*te"ri*ate (?), a. Immaterial. [Obs.] Bacon.

Immature

Im`ma*ture" (?), a. [L. immaturus; pref. im- not + maturus mature, ripe. See Mature.]

1. Not mature; unripe; not arrived at perfection of full development; crude; unfinished; as, immature fruit; immature character; immature plans. "An ill-measured and immature counsel." Bacon.

2. Premature; untimely; too early; as, an immature death. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Immatured

Im`ma*tured" (?), a. Immature.

Immaturely

Im`ma*ture"ly (?), adv. In an immature manner. Warburion.

Immatureness

Im`ma*ture"ness, n. The state or quality of being immature; immaturity. Boyle.

Immaturity

Im`ma*tu"ri*ty (?), n. [L. immaturitas: cf. F. immaturit\'82.] The state or quality of being immature or not fully developed; unripeness; incompleteness.
When the world has outgrown its intellectual immaturity. Caird.

Immeability

Im`me*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- not + L. meabilis passable, fr. meare to pass.] Want of power to pass, or to permit passage; impassableness.
Immeability of the juices. Arbuthnot.

Immeasurability

Im*meas`ur*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being immeasurable; immensurability.

Immeasurable

Im*meas"ur*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + measurable: cf. F. measurable. Cf. Immensurable, Unmeasurable.] Incapble of being measured; indefinitely extensive; illimitable; immensurable; vast.
Of depth immeasurable. Milton.

Immeasurableness

Im*meas"ur*a*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being immeasurable.
Eternity and immeasurableness belong to thought alone. F. W. Robertson.

Immeasurably

Im*meas"ur*a*bly, adv. In an immeasurable manner or degree. "Immeasurably distant." Wordsworth.

Immeasured

Im*meas"ured (?), a. Immeasurable. [R.] Spenser.

Immechanical

Im`me*chan"ic*al (?), a. Not mechanical. [Obs.] Cheyne. -- Im"me*chan"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Immediacy

Im*me"di*a*cy (?), n. The relation of freedom from the interventionof a medium; immediateness. Shak.

Immediate

Im*me"di*ate (?), a. [F. imm\'82diat. See In- not, and Mediate.]

1. Not separated in respect to place by anything intervening; proximate; close; as, immediate contact.

You are the most immediate to our throne. Shak.

2. Not deferred by an interval of time; present; instant. "Assemble we immediate council." Shak.

Death . . . not yet inflicted, as he feared, By some immediate stroke. Milton.

3. Acting with nothing interposed or between, or without the intervention of another object as a cause, means, or agency; acting, perceived, or produced, directly; as, an immediate cause.

The immediate knowledge of the past is therefore impossible. Sir. W. Hamilton.
Immediate amputation (Surg.), an amputation performed within the first few hours after an injury, and before the the effects of the shock have passed away. Syn. -- Proximate; close; direct; next.

Immediately

Im*me"di*ate*ly (?), adv.

1. In an immediate manner; without intervention of any other person or thing; proximately; directly; -- opposed to mediately; as, immediately contiguous.

God's acceptance of it either immediately by himself, or mediately by the hands of the bishop. South.

2. Without interval of time; without delay; promptly; instantly; at once.

And Jesus . . . touched him, saying, I will; be thou clean. And immediately his leprosy was cleansed. Matt. viii. 3.

3. As soon as. Cf. Directly,

8, Note. Syn. -- Directly; instantly; quickly; forthwith; straightway; presently. See Directly.

Immediateness

Im*me"di*ate*ness, n. The quality or relations of being immediate in manner, place, or time; exemption from second or interventing causes. Bp. Hall.

Immedeatism

Im*me"de*a*tism (?), n. Immediateness.

Immedicable

Im*med"i*ca*ble (?), a. [L. Immedicabilis. See In- not, and Medicable.] Not to be healed; incurable. "Wounds immedicable." Milton.

Immelodious

Im`me*lo"di*ous (?), a. Not melodious.

Immemorable

Im*mem"o*ra*ble (?), a. [L. immemorabilis; pref. im- not + memorabilis memorable: cf. F. imm\'82morable. See Memorable.] Not memorable; not worth remembering. Johnson.

Immemorial

Im`me*mo"ri*al (?), a. [Pref. im- not + memorial: cf. F. imm\'82morial.] Extending beyond the reach of memory, record, or tradition; indefinitely ancient; as, existing from time immemorial. "Immemorial elms." Tennyson. "Immemorial usage or custom." Sir M. Hale. Time immemorial (Eng. Law.), a time antedating (legal) history, and beyond "legal memory" so called; formerly an indefinite time, but in 1276 this time was fixed by statute as the begining of the reign of Richard I. (1189). Proof of unbroken possession or use of any right since that date made it unnecessary to establish the original grant. In 1832 the plan of dating legal memory from a fixed time was abandoned and the principle substituted that rights which had been enjoyed for full twenty years (or as against the crown thirty years) should not be liable to impeachment merely by proving that they had not been enjoyed before.

Immemorially

Im`me*mo"ri*al*ly, adv. Beyond memory. Bentley.

Immense

Im*mense" (?), a. [L. immensus; pref. im- not + mensus, p. p. of metiri to measure: cf. F. immense. See Measure.] Immeasurable; unlimited. In commonest use: Very great; vast; huge. "Immense the power" Pope. "Immense and boundless ocean." Daniel.
O Goodness infinite! Goodness immense! Milton.
Syn. -- Infinite; immeasurable; illimitable; unbounded; unlimited; interminable; vast; prodigious; enormous; monstrous. See Enormous.

Immensely

Im*mense"ly, adv. In immense manner or degree.

Immenseness

Im*mense"ness, n. The state of being immense.

Immensible

Im*men"si*ble (?), a. [Immense + -ible.] Immeasurable. [Obs.] Davies.

Immensity

Im*men"si*ty (?), n.; pl. Immensities (#). [L. immensitas: cf. F. immensit\'82.] The state or quality of being immense; inlimited or immeasurable extension; infinity; vastness in extent or bulk; greatness.
Lost in the wilds of vast immensity. Blackmore.
The immensity of the material system. I. Taylor.

Immensive

Im*men"sive (?), a. Huge. [Obs.] Herrick.

Immensurability

Im*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being immensurable.

Immensurable

Im*men"su*ra*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + L. mensurabilis measurable: cf. F. immensurable. Cf. Immeasurable.] Immeasurable.
What an immensurable space is the firmament. Derham.

Immensurate

Im*men"su*rate (?), a. [Pref. im- not + mensurate.] Unmeasured; unlimited. [R.] W. Montagu.

Immerge

Im*merge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immerged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immerging (?).] [L. immergere; pref. im- in + mergere to dip, plunge: cf. F. immerger. See Merge, and cf. Immerse.] To plungel into, under, or within anything especially a fuid; to dip; to immerse. See Immerse.
We took . . . lukewarm water, and in it immerged a quantity of the leaves of senna. Boyle.
Their souls are immerged in matter. Jer. Taylor.

Immerge

Im*merge" (?), v. i. To dissapear by entering into any medium, as a star into the light of the sun. [R.]

Immerit

Im*mer"it (?), n. Want of worth; demerit. [R.] Suckling.

Immerited

Im*mer"it*ed, a. Unmerited. [Obs.] Charles I.

Immeritous

Im*mer"it*ous (?), a. [L. immeritus; pref. im- not + meritus, p. p. of merere, mereri, to deserve.] Undeserving. [Obs.] Milton.

Immersable

Im*mers"a*ble (?), a. See Immersible.

Immerse

Im*merse" (?), a. [L. immersus, p. p. of immergere. See Immerge.] Immersed; buried; hid; sunk. [Obs.] "Things immerse in matter." Bacon.

Immerse

Im*merse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immersed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immersing.]

1. To plunge into anything that surrounds or covers, especially into a fluid; to dip; to sink; to bury; to immerge.

Deep immersed beneath its whirling wave. J Warton.
More than a mile immersed within the wood. Dryden.

2. To baptize by immersion.

3. To engage deeply; to engross the attention of; to involve; to overhelm.

The queen immersed in such a trance. Tennyson.
It is impossible to have a lively hope in another life, and yet be deeply immersed inn the enjoyments of this. Atterbury.

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Immersed

Im*mersed" (?), p. p. & a.

1. Deeply plunged into anything, especially a fluid.

2. Deeply occupied; engrossed; entangled.

3. (Bot.) Growing wholly under water. Gray.

Immersible

Im*mers"i*ble (?), a. [From Immerse.] Capable of being immersed.

Immersible

Im*mers"i*ble, a. [Pref. im- not + L. mersus, p. p. of mergere to plunge.] Not capable of being immersed.

Immersion

Im*mer"sion (?), n. [L. immersio; cf. F. immersion.]

1. The act of immersing, or the state of being immersed; a sinking within a fluid; a dipping; as, the immersion of Achilles in the Styx.

2. Submersion in water for the purpose of Christian baptism, as, practiced by the Baptists.

3. The state of being overhelmed or deeply absorbed; deep engagedness.

Too deep an immersion in the affairs of life. Atterbury.

4. (Astron.) The dissapearance of a celestail body, by passing either behind another, as in the occultation of a star, or into its shadow, as in the eclipse of a satellite; -- opposed to emersion. Immersion lens, a microscopic objective of short focal distance designed to work with a drop of liquid, as oil, between the front lens and the slide, so that this lens is practically immersed.

Immersionist

Im*mer"sion*ist, n. (Eccl.) One who holds the doctrine that immersion is essential to Christian baptism.

Immesh

Im*mesh" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immeshed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immeshing.] [Pref. im- in + mesh. Cf. Inmesh.] To catch or entangle in, or as in, the meshes of a net. or in a web; to insnare.

Immethodical

Im`me*thod"ic*al (?), a. Not methodical; without method or systematic arrangement; without order or regularity; confused. Addison. Syn. -- Irregular; confused; disoderly; unsystematic; desultory.

Immethodically

Im`me*thod"ic*al*ly, adv. Without method; confusedly; unsystematically.

Immethodicalness

Im`me*thod"ic*al*ness, n. Want of method.

Immethodize

Im*meth"od*ize (?), v. t. To render immethodical; to destroy the method of; to confuse. [R.]

Immetrical

Im*met"ric*al (, a. Not metrical or rhythmical. [R.] Chapman.

Immew

Im*mew" (?), v. t. See Emmew.

Immigrant

Im"mi*grant (?), n. [L. immigrans, p. pr. of immigrare to go into: cf. F. immigrant. See Immigrate.] One who immigrates; one who comes to a country for the purpose of permanent residence; -- correlative of emigrant. Syn. -- See Emigrant.

Immigrate

Im"mi*grate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immigrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immigrating (?).] [L. immigrare, immigratum, to immigrate; pref. im- in + migrare to migrate. See Migrate.] To come into a country of which one is not a native, for the purpose of permanent residence. See Emigrate.

Immigration

Im"mi*gra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. immigration.] The act of immigrating; the passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence.
The immigrations of the Arabians into Europe. T. Warton.

Imminence

Im"mi*nence (?), n. [Cf. F. imminence, L. imminentia, See Imminent.]

1. The condition or quality of being imminent; a threatening, as of something about to happen. The imminence of any danger or distress. Fuller.

2. That which is imminent; impending evil or danger. "But dare all imminence." Shak.

Imminent

Im"mi*nent (?), a. [L. imminens, p. pr. of imminere to project; pref. im- in + minere (in comp.) to jut, project. See Eminent.]

1. Threatening to occur immediately; near at hand; impending; -- said especially of misfortune or peril. "In danger imminent." Spenser.

2. Full of danger; threatening; menacing; perilous.

Hairbreadth scapes i' the imminent deadly breach. Shak.

3. (With upon) Bent upon; attentive to. [R.]

Their eyes ever imminent upon worldly matters. Milton.
Syn. -- Impending; threatening; near; at hand. -- Imminent, Impending, Threatening. Imminent is the strongest: it denotes that something is ready to fall or happen on the instant; as, in imminent danger of one's life. Impending denotes that something hangs suspended over us, and may so remain indefinitely; as, the impending evils of war. Threatening supposes some danger in prospect, but more remote; as, threatening indications for the future.
Three times to-day You have defended me from imminent death. Shak.
No story I unfold of public woes, Nor bear advices of impending foes. Pope.
Fierce faces threatening war. Milton.

Imminently

Im"mi*nent*ly, adv. In an imminent manner.

Immingle

Im*min"gle (?), v. t. To mingle; to mix; to unite; to blend. [R.] Thomson.

Imminution

Im`mi*nu"tion (?), n. [L. imminutio, fr. imminuere, imminutum, to lessen; pref. im- in + minuere.] A lessening; diminution; decrease. [R.] Ray.

Immiscibility

Im*mis"ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. immiscibilit\'82.] Incapability of being mixed, or mingled.

Immiscible

Im*mis"ci*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + miscible: cf. F. immiscible.] Not capable of being mixed or mingled.
A chaos of immiscible and conflicting particles. Cudworth.

Immission

Im*mis"sion (?), n. [L. immissio: cf. F. immission. See Immit.] The act of immitting, or of sending or thrusting in; injection; -- the correlative of emission.

Immit

Im*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Immiting.] [L. immittere, immissum; pref. im- in + mittere to send.] To send in; to inject; to infuse; -- the correlative of emit. [R.] Boyle.

Immitigable

Im*mit"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. immitigabilis; fr. pref. im- not + mitigare to mitigate.] Not capable of being mitigated, softened, or appeased. Coleridge.

Immitigably

Im*mit"i*ga*bly (?), adv. In an immitigable manner.

Immix

Im*mix" (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + mix.] To mix; to mingle. [R.]
Amongst her tears immixing prayers meek. Spenser.

Immixable

Im*mix"a*ble (?), a. Not mixable. Bp. Wilkins.

Immixed

Im*mixed" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + mixed, p. p. of mix.] Unmixed. [Obs.]
How pure and immixed the design is. Boyle.

Immixture

Im*mix"ture (?), n. Freedom from mixture; purity. [R.] W. Montagu.

Immobile

Im*mo"bile (?), a. [L. immobilis: cf. F. immobile. See Immobility.] Incapable of being moved; immovable; fixed; stable. Prof. Shedd.

Immobility

Im`mo*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. immobilitas, fr. immobilis immovable; pref. im- not + mobilis movable: cf. F. immobilit\'82. See Mobile.] The condition or quality of being immobile; fixedness in place or state.

Immobilize

Im*mob"i*lize (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + mobilize; cf. f. immobiliser.] To make immovable; in surgery, to make immovable (a naturally mobile part, as a joint) by the use of splints, or stiffened bandages.

Immoble

Im*mo"ble (?), a. [Obs.] See Immobile.

Immoderacy

Im*mod"er*a*cy (?), n. [From Immoderate.] Immoderateness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Immoderancy

Im*mod"er*an*cy (?), n. [L. immoderantia.] Immoderateness; excess. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Immoderate

Im*mod"er*ate (?), a. [L. immoderatus; pref. im- not + moderatus moderate. See Moderate.] Not moderate; exceeding just or usual and suitable bounds; excessive; extravagant; unreasonable; as, immoderate demands; immoderate grief; immoderate laughter.
So every scope by the immoderate use Turns to restraint. Shak.
Syn. -- Excessive; exorbitant; unreasonable; extravagant; intemperate; inordinate.

Immoderately

Im*mod"er*ate*ly, adv. In an immoderate manner; excessively.

Immoderateness

Im*mod"er*ate*ness, n. The quality of being immoderate; excess; extravagance. Puller.

Immoderation

Im*mod`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. immoderatio: cf. F. imod\'82ration.] Want of moderation. Hallywell.

Immodest

Im*mod"est (?), a. [F. immodeste, L. immodestus immoderate; pref. im- not + modestus modest. See Modest.]

1. Not limited to due bounds; immoderate.

2. Not modest; wanting in the reserve or restraint which decorum and decency require; indecent; indelicate; obscene; lewd; as, immodest persons, behavior, words, pictures, etc.

Immodest deeds you hinder to be wrought, But we proscribe the least immodest thought. Dryden.
Syn. -- Indecorous; indelicate; shameless; shameful; impudent; indecent; impure; unchaste; lewd; obscene.

Immodestly

Im*mod"est*ly, adv. In an immodest manner.

Immodesty

Im*mod"es*ty (?), n. [L. immodestia: cf. F. immodestie.] Want of modesty, delicacy, or decent reserve; indecency. "A piece of immodesty." Pope.

Immolate

Im"mo*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immolating.] [L. immolatus, p. p. of immolare to sacrifice, orig., to sprinkle a victim with sacrifical meal; pref. im- in + mola grits or grains of spelt coarsely ground and mixed with salt; also, mill. See Molar, Meal ground grain.] To sacrifice; to offer in sacrifice; to kill, as a sacrificial victim.
Worshipers, who not only immolate to them [the deities] the lives of men, but . . . the virtue and honor of women. Boyle.

Immolation

Im`mo*la"tion (?), n. [L. immolatio: cf. F. immolation.]

1. The act of immolating, or the state of being immolated, or sacrificed. Sir. T. Browne.

2. That which is immolated; a sacrifice.

Immolator

Im"mo*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who offers in sacrifice; specifically, one of a sect of Russian fanatics who practice self-mutilatio and sacrifice.

Immold, Immould

Im*mold", Im*mould" (?), v. t. To mold into shape, or form. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

Immoment

Im*mo"ment (?), a. [See Immomentous.] Trifling. [R.] "Immoment toys." Shak.

Immomentous

Im`mo*men"tous (?), a. [Pref. im- not + momentous.] Not momentous; unimportant; insignificant. [R.] A. Seward.

Immoral

Im*mor"al (?), a. [Pref. im- not + moral: cf. F. immoral.] Not moral; inconsistent with rectitude, purity, or good morals; contrary to conscience or the divine law; wicked; unjust; dishonest; vicious; licentious; as, an immoral man; an immoral deed. Syn. -- Wicked; sinful; criminal; vicious; unjust; dishonest; depraved; impure; unchaste; profligate; dissolute; abandoned; licentious; lewd; obscene.

Immorality

Im`mo*ral"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Immoralities (#). [Cf. F. immoralit\'82.]

1. The state or quality of being immoral; vice.

The root of all immorality. Sir W. Temple.

2. An immoral act or practice.

Luxury and sloth and then a great drove of heresies and immoralities broke loose among them. Milton.

Immorally

Im*mor"al*ly (?), adv. In an immoral manner; wickedly.

Immorigerous

Im`mo*rig"er*ous (?), a. [Pref. im- not + morigerous.] Rude; uncivil; disobedient. [Obs.] -- Im`mo*rig"er*ous*ness, n. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Immortal

Im*mor"tal (?), a. [L. immortalis; pref. im- not + mortalis mortal: cf. F. immortel. See Mortal, and cf. Immortelle.]

1. Not mortal; exempt from liability to die; undying; imperishable; lasting forever; having unlimited, or eternal, existance.

Unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible. 1 Tim. i. 17.
For my soul, what can it do to that, Being a thing immortal as itself? Shak.

2. Connected with, or pertaining to immortability.

I have immortal longings in me. Shak.

3. Destined to live in all ages of this world; abiding; exempt from oblivion; imperishable; as, immortal fame.

One of the few, immortal names, That were not born yo die. Halleck.

4. Great; excessive; grievous. [Obs.] Hayward. Immortal flowers, imortelles; everlastings. Syn. -- Eternal; everlasting; never-ending; ceaseless; perpetual; continual; enduring; endless; imperishable; incorruptible; deathless; undying.

Immortal

Im*mor"tal (?), n. One who will never cease to be; one exempt from death, decay, or annihilation. Bunyan.

Immortalist

Im*mor"tal*ist, n. One who holds the doctrine of the immortality of the soul. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Immortality

Im`mor*tal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Immortalities (#). [L. immortalitas: cf. F. immortalit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being immortal; exemption from death and annihilation; unending existance; as, the immortality of the soul.

This mortal must put on immortality. 1 Cor. xv. 53.

2. Exemption from oblivion; perpetuity; as, the immortality of fame.

Immortalization

Im*mor`tal*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of immortalizing, or state of being immortalized.

Immortalize

Im*mor"tal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immortalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immortalizing (?).] [Cf. F. immortaliser.]

1. To render immortal; to cause to live or exist forever. S. Clarke.

2. To exempt from oblivion; to perpetuate in fame.

Alexander had no Homer to immortalize his quilty name. T. Dawes.

Immortalize

Im*mor"tal*ize, v. i. To become immortal. [R.]

Immortally

Im*mor"tal*ly, adv. In an immortal manner.

Immortelle

Im`mor*telle" (?), n.; pl. Immortelles (#). [F. See Immortal.] (Bot.) A plant with a conspicuous, dry, unwithering involucre, as the species of Antennaria, Helichrysum, Gomphrena, etc. See Everlasting.

Immortification

Im*mor`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. Failure to mortify the passions. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Immovability

Im*mov"a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being immovable; fixedness; steadfastness; as, immovability of a heavy body; immovability of purpose.

Immovable

Im*mov"a*ble (?), a.

1. Incapable of being moved; firmly fixed; fast; -- used of material things; as, an immovable foundatin.

Immovable, infixed, and frozen round. Milton.

2. Steadfast; fixed; unalterable; unchangeable; -- used of the mind or will; as, an immovable purpose, or a man who remain immovable.

3. Not capable of being affected or moved in feeling or by sympathy; unimpressible; impassive. Dryden.

4. (Law.) Not liable to be removed; permanent in place or tenure; fixed; as, an immovable estate. See Immovable, n. Blackstone. Immovable apparatus (Med.), an appliance, like the plaster of paris bandage, which keeps fractured parts firmly in place. -- Immovable feasts (Eccl.), feasts which occur on a certain day of the year and do not depend on the date of Easter; as, Christmas, the Epiphany, etc.

Immovable

Im*mov"a*ble, n.

1. That which can not be moved.

2. pl. (Civil Law) Lands and things adherent thereto by nature, as trees; by the hand of man, as buildings and their accessories; by their destination, as seeds, plants, manure, etc.; or by the objects to which they are applied, as servitudes. Ayliffe. Bouvier.

Immovableness

Im*mov"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being immovable.

Immovably

Im*mov"a*bly, adv. In an immovable manner.

Immund

Im*mund" (?), a. [L.immundus; pref. im- not + mundus clean.] Unclean. [R.] Burton.

Immundicity

Im`mun*dic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. immondicit\'82, L. immunditia, immundities.] Uncleanness; filthness. [R.] W. Montagu.

Immune

Im*mune" (?), a. [L. immunis. See Immunity.] Exempt; protected by inoculation. -- Im*mu"nize (#), v. t.

Immunity

Im*mu"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Immunities (#). [L. immunitas, fr. immunis free from a public service; pref. im- not + munis complaisant, obliging, cf. munus service, duty: cf. F. immunit\'82. See Common, and cf. Mean, a.]

1. Freedom or exemption from any charge, duty, obligation, office, tax, imposition, penalty, or service; a particular privilege; as, the immunities of the free cities of Germany; the immunities of the clergy.

2. Freedom; exemption; as, immunity from error.

Immure

Im*mure" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immuring.] [Pref. im- in + mure: cf. F. emmurer.]

1. To wall around; to surround with walls. [Obs.] Sandys.

2. To inclose whithin walls, or as within walls; hence, to shut up; to imprison; to incarcerate.

Those tender babes Whom envy hath immured within your walls. Shak.
This huge convex of fire, Outrageous to devour, immures us round. Milton.

Immure

Im*mure", n. A wall; an inclosure. [Obs.] Shak.

Immurement

Im*mure"ment (?), n. The act iif immuring, or the state of being immured; imprsonment.

Immusical

Im*mu"sic*al (?), a. Inharmonious; unmusical; discordant. Bacon.

Immutability

Im*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. immutabilitas: cf. F. immutabilit\'82.] The state or quality of being immutable; immutableness. Heb. vi. 17.

Immutable

Im*mu"ta*ble (?), a. [L. immutabilis; pref. im- not + mutabilis mutable. See Mutable.] Not mutable; not capable or susceptible of change; unchangeable; unalterable.
That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation. Heb. vi. 18.
Immutable, immortal, infinite, Eternal King. Milton.
-- Im*mu"ta*ble*ness, n. -- Im*mu"ta*bly, adv.
Page 733

Immutate

Im*mu"tate (?), a. [L. immutatus, p. p. of immature.] Unchanged. [Obs.]

Immutation

Im"mu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. immutatio, from immutare, immutatum, to change. See Immute.] Change; alteration; mutation. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Immute

Im*mute" (?), v. t. [L. immutare, immutatum; perf. im- in + mutare to change : cf. OF. immuter.] To change or alter. [Obs.] J. Salkeld.

Imp

Imp (?), n. [OE. imp a graft, AS. impa; akin to Dan. ympe, Sw. ymp, prob. fr. LL. impotus, Gr. be. See 1st In-, Be.]

1. A shoot; a scion; a bud; a slip; a graft. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. An offspring; progeny; child; scion. [Obs.]

The tender imp was weaned. Fairfax.

3. A young or inferior devil; a little, malignant spirit; a puny demon; a contemptible evil worker.

To mingle in the clamorous fray Of squabbling imps. Beattie.

4. Something added to, or united with, another, to lengthen it out or repair it, -- as, an addition to a beehive; a feather inserted in a broken wing of a bird; a length of twisted hair in a fishing line. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Imp

Imp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imping.] [AS. impian to imp, ingraft, plant; akin to Dan. ympe, Sw. ympa, OHG. impf\'d3n, impit\'d3n, G. impfen. See Imp, n.]

1. To graft; to insert as a scion. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

2. (Falconry) To graft with new feathers, as a wing; to splice a broken feather. Hence, Fig.: To repair; to extend; to increase; to strengthen to equip. [Archaic]

Imp out our drooping country's broken wing. Shak.
Who lazily imp their wings with other men's plumes. Fuller. Here no frail Muse shall imp her crippled wing. Holmes.
Help, ye tart satirists, to imp my rage With all the scorpions that should whip this age. Cleveland.

Impacable

Im*pa"ca*ble (?), a. [L. pref. im- not + pacare to quiet. See Pacate.] Not to be appeased or quieted. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Im*pa"ca*bly, adv.

Impackment

Im*pack"ment (?), n. [Pref. im- in + pack.] The state of being closely surrounded, crowded, or pressed, as by ice. [R.] Kane.

Impact

Im*pact" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Impacting.] [L. impactus, p. p. of impingere to push, strike against. See Impinge.] To drive close; to press firmly together: to wedge into a place. Woodward.

Impact

Im"pact (?), n.

1. Contact or impression by touch; collision; forcible contact; force communicated.

The quarrel, by that impact driven. Southey.

2. (Mech.) The single instantaneous stroke of a body in motion against another either in motion or at rest.

Impacted

Im*pact"ed (?), a. Driven together or close. Impacted fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which the fragments are driven into each other so as to be immovable.

Impaction

Im*pac"tion (?), n. [L. impactio a striking : cf. F. impaction.]

1. (Surg.) The driving of one fragment of bone into another so that the fragments are not movable upon each other; as, impaction of the skull or of the hip.

2. An immovable packing; (Med.), a lodgment of something in a strait or passage of the body; as, impaction of the fetal head in the strait of the pelvis; impaction of food or feces in the intestines of man or beast.

Impaint

Im*paint" (?), v. t. To paint; to adorn with colors. [R.] "To impaint his cause." Shak.

Impair

Im*pair" (?), v. t. [imp & p. p. Impaired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impairing.] [Written also empair.] [OE. empeiren, enpeiren, OF. empeirier, empirier, F. empirer, LL. impejorare; L. pref. im- in + pejorare to make worse, fr. pejor worse. Cf. Appair.] To make worse; to diminish in quantity, value, excellence, or strength; to deteriorate; as, to impair health, character, the mind, value.
Time sensibly all things impairs. Roscommon.
In years he seemed, but not impaired by years. Pope.
Syn. -- To diminish; decrease; injure; weaken; enfeeble; debilitate; reduce; debase; deteriorate.

Impair

Im*pair", v. t. To grow worse; to deteriorate. Milton.

Impair

Im"pair (?), a. [F. impair uneven, L. impar; im- not + par equal.] Not fit or appropriate. [Obs.]

Impair

Im*pair" (?), n. Diminution; injury. [Obs.]

Impairer

Im*pair"er (?), n. One who, or that which, impairs.

Impairment

Im*pair"ment (?), n. [OE. enpeirement, OF. empirement.] The state of being impaired; injury. "The impairment of my health." Dryden.

Impalatable

Im*pal"a*ta*ble (?), a. Unpalatable. [R.]

Impale

Im*pale" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impaling.] [See 2d Empale.]

1. To pierce with a pale; to put to death by fixing on a sharp stake. See Empale.

Then with what life remains, impaled, and left To writhe at leisure round the bloody stake. Addison.

2. To inclose, as with pales or stakes; to surround.

Impale him with your weapons round about. Shak.
Impenetrable, impaled with circling fire. Milton.

3. (Her.) To join, as two coats of arms on one shield, palewise; hence, to join in honorable mention.

Ordered the admission of St. Patrick to the same to be matched and impaled with the blessed Virgin in the honor thereof. Fuller.

Impalement

Im*pale"ment (?), n.

1. The act of impaling, or the state of being impaled. Byron.

2. An inclosing by stakes or pales, or the space so inclosed. H. Brooke.

3. That which hedges in; inclosure. [R.] Milton.

4. (Her.) The division of a shield palewise, or by a vertical line, esp. for the purpose of putting side by side the arms of husband and wife. See Impale, 3.

Impalla

Im*pal"la (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pallah deer of South Africa.

Impallid

Im*pal"lid (?), v. t. To make pallid; to blanch. [Obs.] Feltham.

Impalm

Im*palm" (?), v. t. To grasp with or hold in the hand. [R.] J. Barlow.

Impalpability

Im*pal`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impalpabilit\'82.] The quality of being impalpable. Jortin.

Impalpable

Im*pal"pa*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + palpable: cf. F. impalpable.]

1. Not palpable; that cannot be felt; extremely fine, so that no grit can be perceived by touch. "Impalpable powder." Boyle.

2. Not material; intangible; incorporeal. "Impalpable, void, and bodiless." Holland.

3. Not apprehensible, or readily apprehensible, by the mind; unreal; as, impalpable distinctions.

Impalpably

Im*pal"pa*bly, adv. In an impalpable manner.

Impalsy

Im*pal"sy (?), v. t. To palsy; to paralyze; to deaden. [R.]

Impanate

Im*pa"nate (?), a. [LL. impanatus, p. p. of impanare to impanate; L. pref. im- in + panis bread.] Embodied in bread, esp. in the bread of the eucharist. [Obs.] Cranmer.

Impanate

Im*pa"nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impanated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impanating.] To embody in bread, esp. in the bread of the eucharist. [Obs.]

Impanation

Im"pa*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. impanation. See Impanate, a.] (Eccl.) Embodiment in bread; the supposed real presence and union of Christ's material body and blood with the substance of the elements of the eucharist without a change in their nature; -- distinguished from transubstantiation, which supposes a miraculous change of the substance of the elements. It is akin to consubstantiation.

Impanator

Im*pa"na*tor (?), n. [LL.] (Eccl.) One who holds the doctrine of impanation.

Impanel

Im*pan"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impaneled (?) or Impanelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Impaneling or Impanelling.] [Pref. im- in + panel. Cf. Empanel.] [Written also empanel.] To enter in a list, or on a piece of parchment, called a panel; to form or enroll, as a list of jurors in a court of justice. Blackstone.

Impanelment

Im*pan"el*ment (?), n. The act or process of impaneling, or the state of being impaneled.

Imparadise

Im*par"a*dise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparadised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imparadising (?).] [Pref. im- + paradise: cf. F. emparadiser.] To put in a state like paradise; to make supremely happy. "Imparadised in one another's arms." Milton.

Imparalleled

Im*par"al*leled (?), a. Unparalleled. [Obs.]

Impardonable

Im*par"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. impardonnable.] Unpardonable. [Obs.] South.

Imparidigitate

Im*par`i*dig"i*tate (?), a. [L. impar unequal + digitus finger.] (Anat.) Having an odd number of fingers or toes, either one, three, or five, as in the horse, tapir, rhinoceros, etc.

Imperipinnate

Im*per"i*pin"nate (?), a. [L. impar unequal + E. pinnate.] (Bot.) Pinnate with a single terminal leaflet.

Imparisyllabic

Im*par"i*syl*lab"ic (?), a. [L. impar unequal + E. syllabic: cf. F. imparisyllabique.] (Gram.) Not consisting of an equal number of syllables; as, an imparisyllabic noun, one which has not the same number of syllables in all the cases; as, lapis, lapidis; mens, mentis.

Imparity

Im*par"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- + parity: cf. F. imparit\'82.]

1. Inequality; disparity; disproportion; difference of degree, rank, excellence, number, etc. Milton.

2. Lack of comparison, correspondence, or suitableness; incongruity.

In this region of merely intellectual notion we are at once encountered by the imparity of the object and the faculty employed upon it. I. Taylor.

3. Indivisibility into equal parts; oddness. [R.]

Impark

Im*park" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparked (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Imparking.] [Cf. Empark.] To inclose for a park; to sever from a common; hence, to inclose or shut up.
They . . . impark them [the sheep] within hurdles. Holland.

Imparl

Im*parl" (?), v. i. [OF. emparler; pref. em- (L. in) + parler to speak. See In, prep., and Parley.]

1. To hold discourse; to parley. [Obs.] Sir. T. North.

2. (Law) To have time before pleading; to have delay for mutual adjustment. Blackstone.

Imparlance

Im*par"lance (?), n. [Cf. Emparlance, Parlance.] [Written also inparliance.]

1. Mutual discourse; conference. [Obs.]

2. (Law) (a) Time given to a party to talk or converse with his opponent, originally with the object of effecting, if possible, an amicable adjustment of the suit. The actual object, however, has long been merely to obtain further time to plead, answer to the allegations of the opposite party. (b) Hence, the delay or continuance of a suit. &hand; Imparlance and continuance by imparlance have been abolished in England. Wharton (Law Dict. ).

Imparsonee

Im*par`son*ee" (?), a. [OF. empersone. See 1st In-, and Parson.] (Eng. Eccl. Law) Presented, instituted, and inducted into a rectory, and in full possession. -- n. A clergyman so inducted.

Impart

Im*part" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imparting.] [OF. impartir, empartir, L. impartire, impertire; pref. im- in + partire to part, divide, fr. pars, partis, part, share. See Part, n. ]

1. To bestow a share or portion of; to give, grant, or communicate; to allow another to partake in; as, to impart food to the poor; the sun imparts warmth.

Well may he then to you his cares impart. Dryden.

2. To obtain a share of; to partake of. [R.] Munday.

3. To communicate the knowledge of; to make known; to show by words or tokens; to tell; to disclose.

Gentle lady, When I did first impart my love to you. Shak.
Syn. -- To share; yield; confer; convey; grant; give; reveal; disclose; discover; divulge. See Communicate.

Impart

Im*part" (?), v. i.

1. To give a part or share.

He that hath two coats, let him impart to him that hath none. Luke iii. 11.

2. To hold a conference or consultation. Blackstone.

Impartance

Im*part"ance (?), n. Impartation.

Impartation

Im`par*ta"tion (?), n. The act of imparting, or the thing imparted.
The necessity of this impartation. I. Taylor.

Imparter

Im*part"er (?), n. One who imparts.

Impartial

Im*par"tial (?), a. [Pref. im- not + partial: cf. F. impartial.] Not partial; not favoring one more than another; treating all alike; unprejudiced; unbiased; disinterested; equitable; fair; just. Shak.
Jove is impartial, and to both the same. Dryden.
A comprehensive and impartial view. Macaulay.

Impartialist

Im*par"tial*ist, n. One who is impartial. [R.] Boyle.

Impartiality

Im*par`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impartialit\'82.] The quality of being impartial; freedom from bias or favoritism; disinterestedness; equitableness; fairness; as, impartiality of judgment, of treatment, etc.
Impartiality strips the mind of prejudice and passion. South.

Impartially

Im*par"tial*ly (?), a. In an impartial manner.

Impartialness

Im*par"tial*ness, n. Impartiality. Sir W. Temple.

Impartibility

Im*part`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impartible; communicability. Blackstone.

Impartibility

Im*part`i*bil"i*ty, n. [Cf. F. impartibilit\'82.] The quality of being incapable of division into parts; indivisibility. Holland.

Impartible

Im*part"i*ble (?), a. [From Impart.] Capable of being imparted or communicated.

Impartible

Im*part"i*ble, a. [Pref. im- not + partible: cf. F. impartible.] Not partible; not subject to partition; indivisible; as, an impartible estate. Blackatone.

Impartment

Im*part"ment (?), n. The act of imparting, or that which is imparted, communicated, or disclosed. [R.]
It beckons you to go away with it, As if it some impartment did desire To you alone. Shak.

Impassable

Im*pass"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. Unpassable.] Incapable of being passed; not admitting a passage; as, an impassable road, mountain, or gulf. Milton. -- Im*pass"a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*pass"a*bly, adv.

Impassibility

Im*pas`si*bil"i*ty (?), a. [L. impassibilitas: cf. F. impassibilit\'82.] The quality or condition of being impassible; insusceptibility of injury from external things.

Impassible

Im*pas"si*ble (?), a. [L. impassibilis; pref. im- not + passibilis passable: cf. F. impassible. See Passible.] Incapable of suffering; inaccessible to harm or pain; not to be touched or moved to passion or sympathy; unfeeling, or not showing feeling; without sensation. "Impassible to the critic." Sir W. Scott.
Secure of death, I should contemn thy dart Though naked, and impassible depart. Dryden.

Impassibleness

Im*pas"si*ble*ness, n. Impassibility.

Impassion

Im*pas"sion (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + passion. Cf. Empassion, Impassionate, v.] To move or affect strongly with passion. [Archaic] Chapman.

Impassionable

Im*pas"sion*a*ble (?), a. Excitable; susceptible of strong emotion.

Impassionate

Im*pas"sion*ate (?), a. Strongly affected. Smart.

Impassionate

Im*pas"sion*ate (?), v. t. To affect powerfully; to arouse the passions of. Dr. H. More.

Impassionate

Im*pas"sion*ate (?), a. [Pref. im- not + passionate.] Without passion or feeling. Burton.

Impassioned

Im*pas"sioned (?), p. p. & a. Actuated or characterized by passion or zeal; showing warmth of feeling; ardent; animated; excited; as, an impassioned orator or discourse.

Impassive

Im*pas"sive (?), a. Not susceptible of pain or suffering; apathetic; impassible; unmoved.
Impassive as the marble in the quarry. De Quincey.
On the impassive ice the lightings play. Pope.
-- Im*pas"sive*ly, adv. -- Im*pas"sive*ness, n.

Impassivity

Im`pas*siv"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being insusceptible of feeling, pain, or suffering; impassiveness.

Impastation

Im`pas*ta"tion (?), n. [F. See Impaste.] The act of making into paste; that which is formed into a paste or mixture; specifically, a combination of different substances by means of cements.

Impaste

Im*paste" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Impasting.] [Pref. im- in + paste: cf. It. impastare, OF. empaster, F. emp\'83ter. See 1st In- and Paste.]

1. To knead; to make into paste; to concrete. "Blood . . . baked and impasted." Shak.

2. (Paint.) To lay color on canvas by uniting them skillfully together. [R.] Cf. Impasto.

Impasting

Im*past"ing, (Paint.) The laying on of colors to produce impasto.

Impasto

Im*pas"to (?), n. [It. See Impaste.] (Paint.) The thickness of the layer or body of pigment applied by the painter to his canvas with especial reference to the juxtaposition of different colors and tints in forming a harmonious whole. Fairholt.

Impasture

Im*pas"ture (?), v. t. To place in a pasture; to foster. [R.] T. Adams.

Impatible

Im*pat"i*ble (?), a. [L. impatibilis; pref. im- not + patibilis supportable. See Patible.]

1. Not capable of being borne; impassible.

A spirit, and so impatible of material fire. Fuller.

Impatience

Im*pa"tience (?) n. [OE. impacience, F. impatience, fr. L. impatientia.] The quality of being impatient; want of endurance of pain, suffering, opposition, or delay; eagerness for change, or for something expected; restlessness; chafing of spirit; fretfulness; passion; as, the impatience of a child or an invalid.
I then, . . . Out of my grief and my impatience, Answered neglectingly. Shak.
With huge impatience he inly swelt More for great sorrow that he could not pass, Than for the burning torment which he felt. Spenser.

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Impatiency

Im*pa"tien*cy (?), n. Impatience. [Obs.]

Impatiens

Im*pa"ti*ens (?), n. [L., impatient.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, several species of which have very beautiful flowers; -- so called because the elastic capsules burst when touched, and scatter the seeds with considerable force. Called also touch-me-not, jewelweed, and snapweed. I. Balsamina (sometimes called lady's slipper) is the common garden balsam.

Impatient

Im*pa"tient (?), a. [OE. impacient, F. impatient, fr. L. impatiens; pref. im- not + patiens patient. See Patient.]

1. Not patient; not bearing with composure; intolerant; uneasy; fretful; restless, because of pain, delay, or opposition; eager for change, or for something expected; hasty; passionate; -- often followed by at, for, of, and under.

A violent, sudden, and impatient necessity. Jer. Taylor.
Fame, impatient of extremes, decays Not more by envy than excess of praise. Pope.
The impatient man will not give himself time to be informed of the matter that lies before him. Addison.
Dryden was poor and impatient of poverty. Macaulay.

2. Not to be borne; unendurable. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. Prompted by, or exhibiting, impatience; as, impatient speeches or replies. Shak. Syn. -- Restless; uneasy; changeable; hot; eager; fretful; intolerant; passionate.

Impatient

Im*pa"tient, n. One who is impatient. [R.]

Impatiently

Im*pa"tient*ly, adv. In an impatient manner.

Impatronization

Im*pat`ron*i*za"tion (?), n. Absolute seignory or possession; the act of investing with such possession. [R.] Cotgrave.

Impatronize

Im*pat"ron*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impatronized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impatronizing (?).] To make lord or master; as, to impatronize one's self of a seigniory. [R.] Bacon.

Impave

Im*pave" (?), v. t. To pave. [Poetic]
Impaved with rude fidelity Of art mosaic. Wordsworth.

Impavid

Im*pav"id (?), a. [L. impavidus. See In- not, and Pavid.] Fearless. -- Im*pav"id*ly, adv.

Impawn

Im*pawn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impawning.] [Pref. im- + pawn: cf. Empawn.] To put in pawn; to pledge. Shak.

Impeach

Im*peach" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impeaching.] [OE. empeechier to prevent, hinder, bar, F. emp\'88cher, L. impedicare to entangle; pref. im- in + pedica fetter, fr. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and Appeach, Dispatch, Impede.]

1. To hinder; to impede; to prevent. [Obs.]

These ungracious practices of his sons did impeach his journey to the Holy Land. Sir J. Davies.
A defluxion on my throat impeached my utterance. Howell.

2. To charge with a crime or misdemeanor; to accuse; especially to charge (a public officer), before a competent tribunal, with misbehavior in office; to cite before a tribunal for judgement of official misconduct; to arraign; as, to impeach a judge. See Impeachment.

3. Hence, to charge with impropriety; to dishonor; to bring discredit on; to call in question; as, to impeach one's motives or conduct.

And doth impeach the freedom of the state. Shak.

4. (Law) To challenge or discredit the credibility of, as of a witness, or the validity of, as of commercial paper. &hand; When used in law with reference to a witness, the term signifies, to discredit, to show or prove unreliable or unworthy of belief; when used in reference to the credit of witness, the term denotes, to impair, to lessen, to disparage, to destroy. The credit of a witness may be impeached by showing that he has made statements out of court contradictory to what he swears at the trial, or by showing that his reputation for veracity is bad, etc. Syn. -- To accuse; arraign; censure; criminate; indict; impair; disparage; discredit. See Accuse.

Impeach

Im*peach", n. Hindrance; impeachment. [Obs.]

Impeachable

Im*peach"a*ble (?), a. That may be impeached; liable to impeachment; chargeable with a crime.
Owners of lands in fee simple are not impeachable for waste. Z. Swift.

Impeacher

Im*peach"er (?), n. One who impeaches.

Impeachment

Im*peach"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. emp\'88chement.] The act of impeaching, or the state of being impeached; as: (a) Hindrance; impediment; obstruction. [Obs.]
Willing to march on to Calais, Without impeachment. Shak.
(b) A calling to account; arraignment; especially, of a public officer for maladministration.
The consequence of Coriolanus' impeachment had like to have been fatal to their state. Swift.
(c) A calling in question as to purity of motives, rectitude of conduct, credibility, etc.; accusation; reproach; as, an impeachment of motives. Shak. &hand; In England, it is the privilege or right of the House of Commons to impeach, and the right of the House of Lords to try and determine impeachments. In the United States, it is the right of the House of Representatives to impeach, and of the Senate to try and determine impeachments. Articles of impeachment. See under Article. -- Impeachment of waste (Law), restraint from, or accountability for, injury; also, a suit for damages for injury. Abbott.

Impearl

Im*pearl" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impearled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impearling.] [Pref. im- in + pearl: cf. F. emperler.]

1. To form into pearls, or into that which resembles pearls. [Poetic]

Dewdrops which the sun Impearls on every leaf and every flower. Milton.

2. To decorate as with pearls or with anything resembling pearls. [Poetic]

With morning dews impearled. Mrs. Browning.
The dews of the morning impearl every thorn. R. Digby.

Impeccability

Im*pec`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impeccabilit\'82.] the quality of being impeccable; exemption from sin, error, or offense.
Infallibility and impeccability are two of his attributes. Pope.

Impeccable

Im*pec"ca*ble (?), a. [L. impeccabilis; pref. im- not + peccare to err, to sin: cf. F. impeccable.] Not liable to sin; exempt from the possibility of doing wrong. -- n. One who is impeccable; esp., one of a sect of Gnostic heretics who asserted their sinlessness.
God is infallible, impeccable, and absolutely perfect. P. Skelton.

Impeccancy

Im*pec"can*cy (?), n. Sinlessness. Bp. Hall.

Impeccant

Im*pec"cant (?), a. Sinless; impeccable. Byron.

Impecuniosity

Im`pe*cu`ni*os"i*ty (?), n. The state of being impecunious. Thackeray. Sir W. Scott.

Impecunious

Im"pe*cu"ni*ous (?), a. [L. im- not + pecunia money: cf. F. imp\'82cunieux.] Not having money; habitually without money; poor.
An impecunious creature. B. Jonson.

Impede

Im*pede" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Impeding.] [L. impedire, lit., to entangle the feet; pref. im- in + pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Impeach.] To hinder; to stop in progress; to obstruct; as, to impede the advance of troops.
Whatever hinders or impedes The action of the nobler will. Logfellow.

Impedible

Im*ped"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being impeded or hindered. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Impediment

Im*ped"i*ment (?), n. [L. impedimentum: cf. F. impediment.] That which impedes or hinders progress, motion, activity, or effect.
Thus far into the bowels of the land Have we marched on without impediment. Shak.
Impediment in speech, a defect which prevents distinct utterance. Syn. -- Hindrance; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty; incumbrance. -- Impediment, Obstacle, Difficulty, Hindrance. An impediment literally strikes against our feet, checking our progress, and we remove it. An obstacle rises before us in our path, and we surmount or remove it. A difficulty sets before us something hard to be done, and we encounter it and overcome it. A hindrance holds us back for a time, but we break away from it.
The eloquence of Demosthenes was to Philip of Macedon, a difficulty to be met with his best recources, ant obstacle to his own ambition, and an impedimen in his political career. C. J. Smith.

Impediment

Im*ped"i*ment, v. t. To impede. [R.] Bp. Reynolds.

Impedimental

Im*ped`i*men"tal (?), a. Of the nature of an impediment; hindering; obstructing; impeditive.
Things so impediental to success. G. H. Lewes.

Impedite

Im"pe*dite (?), a. [L. impeditus, p. p. See Impede.] Hindered; obstructed. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Impedite

Im"pe*dite, v. t. To impede. [Obs.] Boyle.

Impedition

Im"pe*di"tion (?), n. [L. impeditio.] A hindering; a hindrance. [Obs.] Baxier.

Impeditive

Im*ped"i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. imp\'82ditif.] Causing hindrance; impeding. "Cumbersome, and impeditive of motion." Bp. Hall.

Impel

Im*pel" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impelling.] [L. impellere; pref. im- in + pellere, pulsum, to drive. See Pulse a beat, and cf. Impulse.] To drive or urge forward or on; to press on; to incite to action or motion in any way.
The surge impelled me on a craggy coast. Pope.
Syn. -- To instigate; incite; induce; influence; force; drive; urge; actuate; move.

Impellent

Im*pel"lent (?), a. [L. impellens, p. pr. of impellere.] Having the quality of impelling.

Impellent

Im*pel"lent, n. An impelling power or force. Glanvill.

Impeller

Im*pel"ler (?), n. One who, or that which, impels.

Impen

Im*pen" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impenned (?) and Impent (; p. pr. & vb. n. Impenning.] To shut up or inclose, as in a pen. Feltham.

Impend

Im*pend" (?), v. t. [L. impend; pref. im- in + pend to weigh out, pay.] To pay. [Obs.] Fabyan.

Impend

Im*pend", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Impended; p. pr. & vb. n. Impending.] [L. impend\'c7re; pref. im- in + pend\'c7re to hang. See Pendant.] To hang over; to be suspended above; to threaten frome near at hand; to menace; to be imminent. See Imminent.
Destruction sure o'er all your heads impends. Pope.

Impendence, Impendency

Im*pend"ence (?), Im*pend"en*cy (?), n. The state of impending; also, that which impends. "Impendence of volcanic cloud." Ruskin.

Impendent

Im*pend"ent (?), a. [L. impendens, p. pr. of impend\'c7re.] Impending; threatening.
Impendent horrors, threatening hideous fall. Milton.

Impending

Im*pend"ing, a. Hanging over; overhanging; suspended so as to menace; imminet; threatening.
An impending brow. Hawthorne.
And nodding Ilion waits th' impending fall. Pope.
Syn. -- Imminent; threatening. See Imminent.

Impenetrability

Im*pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. imp\'82n\'82trabilit\'82.]

1. Quality of being impenetrable.

2. (Physics) That property in virtue of which two portions of matter can not at the same time occupy the same portion of space.

3. Insusceptibility of intellectual or emotional impression; obtuseness; stupidity; coldness.

Impenetrable

Im*pen"e*tra*ble (?), a. [L. impenetrabilis; pref. im- not + penetrabilis penetrable: cf. F. imp\'82n\'82trable.]

1. Incapable of being penetrated or pierced; not admitting the passage of other bodies; not to be entered; impervious; as, an impenetrable shield.

Highest woods impenetrable To star or sunlight. Milton.

2. (Physics) Having the property of preventing any other substance from occupying the same space at the same time.

3. Inaccessible, as to knowledge, reason, sympathy, etc.; unimpressible; not to be moved by arguments or motives; as, an impenetrable mind, or heart.

They will be credulous in all affairs of life, but impenetrable by a sermon of the gospel. Jer. Taylor.

Impenetrableness

Im*pen"e*tra*ble*ness (?), n. The quality of being impenetrable; impenetrability.

Impenetrably

Im*pen"e*tra*bly, adv. In an impenetrable manner or state; imperviously. "Impenetrably armed." Milton. "Impenetrably dull." Pope.

Impenitence

Im*pen"i*tence (?), n. [L. impenitentia: cf. F. imp\'82nitence.] The condition of being impenitent; failure or refusal to repent; hardness of heart.
He will advance from one degree of wickedness and impenitence to another. Rogers.

Impenitency

Im*pen"i*ten*cy (?), n. Impenitence. Milton.

Impenitent

Im*pen"i*tent (?), a. [L. impaenitens; pref. im- not + paenitens penitens: cf. F. imp\'82nitent. See Penitent.] Not penitent; not repenting of sin; not contrite; of a hard heart. "They . . . died impenitent." Milton. "A careless and impenitent heart." Bp. Hall.

Impenitent

Im*pen"i*tent, n. One who is not penitent. [R.]

Impenitently

Im*pen"i*tent*ly, adv. Without repentance.

Impennate

Im*pen"nate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Characterized by short wings covered with feathers resembling scales, as the penguins. -- n. One of the Impennes.

Impennes

Im*pen"nes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pref. im- not + penna feather.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds, including only the penguins, in which the wings are without quills, and not suited for flight.

Impennous

Im*pen"nous (?) a. [L. pref. im- not + penna wing.] (Zo\'94l.) Having no wings, as some insects.

Impeople

Im*peo"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeopled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impeopling (?).] [See Empeople.] To people; to give a population to. [Obs.]
Thou hast helped to impeople hell. Beaumont.

Imperant

Im"pe*rant (?), a. [L. imperans, p. pr. of imperare to command.] Commanding. [R.] Baxter.

Imperate

Im"pe*rate (?), a. [L. imperatus, p. p. of imperare to command.] Done by express direction; not involuntary; communded. [Obs.]
Those imperate acts, wherein we see the empire of the soul. Sir M. Hale.

Imperatival

Im*per`a*ti"val (?), a. (Gram.) Of or pertaining to the imperative mood.

Imperative

Im*per"a*tive (?), a. [L. imperativus, fr. imperare to command; pref. im- in + parare to make ready, prepare: cf. F. imp\'82ratif. See Perade, and cf. Empire.]

1. Expressive of command; containing positive command; authoritatively or absolutely directive; commanding; authoritative; as, imperative orders.

The suit of kings are imperative. Bp. Hall.

2. Not to be avoided or evaded; obligatory; binding; compulsory; as, an imperative duty or order.

3. (Gram.) Expressive of commund, entreaty, advice, or exhortation; as, the imperative mood.

Imperative

Im*per"a*tive, n. (Gram.) The imperative mood; also, a verb in the imperative mood.

Imperatively

Im*per"a*tive*ly, adv. In an imperative manner.

Imperator

Im`pe*ra"tor (?), n. [L. See Emperor.] (Rom. Antiq.) A commander; a leader; an emperor; -- originally an appellation of honor by which Roman soldiers saluted their general after an important victory. Subsequently the title was conferred as a recognition of great military achievements by the senate, whence it carried wiht it some special privileges. After the downfall of the Republic it was assumed by Augustus and his successors, and came to have the meaning now attached to the word emperor.

Imperatorial

Im*per`a*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. imperatorius.]

1. Commanding; imperative; authoritative.

2. Of or pertaining to the title or office of imperator. "Imperatorial laurels." C. Merivale.

Imperatorian

Im*per`a*to"ri*an (?), a. Imperial. [R.] Gauden.

Imperatory

Im*per"a*to*ry (?), a. Imperative. [R.]

Imperceivable

Im`per*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. Imperceptible. [R.] South. -- Im`per*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. Sharp.

Imperceived

Im`per*ceived" (?), a. Not perceived. [Obs.]

Imperceptibility

Im`per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being imperceptible.

Imperceptible

Im`per*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + perceptible: cf. F. imperceptible.] Not perceptible; not to be apprehended or cognized by the souses; not discernible by the mind; not easily apprehended.
Almost imperceptible to the touch. Dryden.
Its operation is slow, and in some cases almost imperceptible. Burke.
-- Im`per*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. -- Im`per*cep"ti*bly, adv.
Their . . . subility and imperceptibleness. Sir M. Hale.

Imperception

Im`per*cep"tion (?), n. Want of perception.

Imperceptive

Im`per*cep"tive (?), a. Unable to perceive.
The imperceptive part of the soul. Dr. H. More.

Impercipient

Im`per*cip"i*ent (?), a. Not perceiving, or not able to perceive. A. Baxter.

Imperdibility

Im*per`di*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being imperdible. [Obs.] Derham.

Imperdible

Im*per"di*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + L. perdere to destroy.] Not destructible. [Obs.] -- Im*per"di*bly, adv. [Obs.]

Imperfect

Im*per"fect (?), a. [L. imperfectus: pref. im- not + perfectus perfect: cf. F imparfait, whence OE. imparfit. See Perfect.]

1. Not perfect; not complete in all its parts; wanting a part; deective; deficient.

Something he left imperfect in the state. Shak.
Why, then, your other senses grow imperfect. Shak.

2. Wanting in some elementary organ that is essential to successful or normal activity.

He . . . stammered like a child, or an amazed, imperfect person. Jer. Taylor.

3. Not fulfilling its design; not realizing an ideal; not conformed to a standard or rule; not satisfying the taste or conscience; esthetically or morally defective.

Nothing imperfect or deficient left Of all that he created. Milton.
Then say not man's imperfect, Heaven in fault; Say rather, man's as perfect as he ought. Pope.
Imperfect arch, an arch of less than a semicircle; a skew arch. -- Imperfect cadence (Mus.), one not ending with the tonic, but with the dominant or some other chord; one not giving complete rest; a half close. -- Imperfect consonances (Mus.), chords like the third and sixth, whose ratios are less simple than those of the fifth and forth. -- Imperfect flower (Bot.), a flower wanting either stamens or pistils. Gray. -- Imperfect interval (Mus.), one a semitone less than perfect; as, an imperfect fifth. -- Imperfect number (Math.), a number either greater or less than the sum of its several divisors; in the former case, it is called also a defective number; in the latter, an abundant number. -- Imperfect obligations (Law), obligations as of charity or gratitude, which cannot be enforced by law. -- Imperfect power (Math.), a number which can not be produced by taking any whole number or vulgar fraction, as a factor, the number of times indicated by the power; thus, 9 is a perfect square, but an imperfect cube. -- Imperfect tense (Gram), a tense expressing past time and incomplete action.
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Imperfect

Im*per"fect (?), n. (Gram.) The imperfect tense; or the form of a verb denoting the imperfect tense.

Imperfect

Im*per"fect, v. t. To make imperfect. [Obs.]

Imperfectibility

Im`per*fec`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being imperfectible. [R.]

Imperfectible

Im`per*fec"ti*ble (?), a. Incapable of being mad perfect. [R.]

Imperfection

Im`per*fec"tion (?), n. [L. imperfectio: cf. F. imperfection. See Imperfect, a.] The quality or condition of being imperfect; want of perfection; incompleteness; deficiency; fault or blemish.
Sent to my account With all my imperfections on my head. Shak.
Syn. -- Defect; deficiency; incompleteness; fault; failing; weakness; frailty; foible; blemish; vice.

Imperfectness

Im*per"fect*ness, n. The state of being imperfect.

Imperforable

Im*per"fo*ra*ble (?), a. [See Imperforate.] Incapable of being perforated, or bored through.

Imperforata

Im*per"fo*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Imperforate.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Foraminifera, including those in which the shell is not porous.

Imperforate, Imperforated

Im*per"fo*rate (?), Im*per"fo*ra"ted (?), a. [L. pref. im- not + perforatus, p. p. of perforate to perforate. See Perforate.] Not perforated; having no opening or aperture. Sir J. Banks.

Imperforation

Im*per`fo*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. imperforation.] The state of being without perforation.

Imperial

Im*pe"ri*al (?), a. [OE. emperial, OF. emperial, F. imp\'82rial, fr. L. imperialis, fr. imperium command, sovereignty, empire. See Empire.]

1. Of or pertaining to an empire, or to an emperor; as, an imperial government; imperial authority or edict.

The last That wore the imperial diadem of Rome. Shak.

2. Belonging to, or suitable to, supreme authority, or one who wields it; royal; sovereign; supreme. "The imperial democracy of Athens." Mitford.

Who, as Ulysses says, opinion crowns With an imperial voice. Shak.
To tame the proud, the fetter'd slave to free, These are imperial arts, and worthy thee. Dryden.
He sounds his imperial clarion along the whole line of battle. E. Everett.

3. Of superior or unusual size or excellence; as, imperial paper; imperial tea, etc. Imperial bushel, gallon, etc. See Bushel, Gallon, etc. -- Imperial chamber, the, the sovereign court of the old German empire. -- Imperial city, under the first German empire, a city having no head but the emperor. -- Imperial diet, an assembly of all the states of the German empire. -- Imperial drill. (Manuf.) See under 8th Drill. -- Imperial eagle. (Zo\'94l.) See Eagle. -- Imperial green. See Paris green, under Green. -- Imperial guard, the royal guard instituted by Napoleon I. -- Imperial weights and measures, the standards legalized by the British Parliament.

Imperial

Im*pe"ri*al, n. [F. imp\'82riale: cf. Sp. imperial.]

1. The tuft of hair on a man's lower lip and chin; -- so called from the style of beard of Napoleon III.

2. An outside seat on a diligence. T. Hughes.

3. A luggage case on the top of a coach. Simmonds.

4. Anything of unusual size or excellence, as a large decanter, a kind of large photograph, a large sheet of drowing, printing, or writing paper, etc.

5. A gold coin of Russia worth ten rubles, or about eight dollars. McElrath.

6. A kind of fine cloth brought into England from Greece. or other Eastern countries, in the Middle Ages.

Imperialism

Im*pe"ri*al*ism (?), n. The power or character of an emperor; imperial authority; the spirit of empire.
Roman imperialism had divided the world. C. H. Pearson.

Imperialist

Im*pe"ri*al*ist, n. [Cf. F. imp\'82rialiste.] One who serves an emperor; one who favors imperialism.

Imperiality

Im*pe`ri*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Imperialities (.

1. Imperial power.

2. An imperial right or privilegs. See Royalty.

The late empress having, by ukases of grace, relinquished her imperialities on the private mines, viz., the tenths of the copper, iron, silver and gold. W. Tooke.

Imperialize

Im*pe"ri*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imperialized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imperializing (?).] To invest with imperial authority, character, or style; to bring to the form of an empire. Fuller.

Imperially

Im*pe"ri*al*ly, adv. In an imperial manner.

Imperially

Im*pe"ri*al*ly (?), n. Imperial power. [R.] Sheldon.

Imperil

Im*per"il (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imperiled (?) or Imperilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Imperiling or Imperilling.] To bring into peril; to endanger.

Imperilment

Im*per"il*ment (?), n. The act of imperiling, or the state of being imperiled.

Imperious

Im*pe"ri*ous (?), a. [L. imperiosus: cf. F. imp\'82rieux. See Imperial.]

1. Commanding; ascendant; imperial; lordly; majestic. [Obs.] "A vast and imperious mind." Tilloison.

Therefore, great lords, be, as your titles witness, Imperious. Shak.

2. Haughly; arrogant; overbearing; as, an imperious tyrant; an imperious manner.

This imperious man will work us all From princes into pages. Shak.
His bold, contemptuous, and imperious spirit soon made him conspicuous. Macaulay.

3. Imperative; urgent; compelling.

Imperious need, which can not be withstood. Dryden.
Syn. -- Dictatorial; haughty; domineering; overbearing; lordly; tyrannical; despotic; arrogant; imperative; authoritative; commanding; pressing. -- Imperious, Lordly, Domineering. One who is imperious exercises his authority in a manner highly offensive for its spirit and tone; one who is lordly assumes a lofty air in order to display his importance; one who is domineering gives orders in a way to make other feel their inferiority.

Imperiously

Im*pe"ri*ous*ly, adv. In an imperious manner.

Imperriousnes

Im*per"ri*ous*nes, n. The quality or state of being imperious; arrogance; haughtiness.
Imperiousness and severity is but an ill way of treating men who have reason of their own to guide them. Locke.

Imperishability

Im*per`ish*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being imperishable: indstructibility. "The imperishability of the universe." Milman.

Imperishable

Im*per"ish*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + perishable: cf. F. imp\'82rissable.] Not perisha ble; not subject to decay; indestructible; enduringpermanently; as, an imperishable monument; imperishable renown. -- Im*per"ish*a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*per"ish*a*bly, adv.

Imperiwigged

Im*per"i"wigged (?), a. Wearing a periwig.

Impermanence, Impermanency

Im*per"ma*nence (?), Im*per"ma*nen*cy (?), n. Want of permanence.

Impermanent

Im*per"ma*nent (?), a. Not permanent.

Impermeability

Im*per`me*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- not + permeability: cf. F. imperm\'82abilit\'82.] The quality of being impermeable.

Impermeable

Im*per"me*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + permeable: cf. F. imperm\'82able, L. impermeabilis.] Not permeable; not permitting passage, as of a fluid. through its substance; impervious; impenetrable; as, India rubber is impermeable to water and to air. -- Im*per"me*a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*per"me*a*bly, adv.

Impermissible

Im`per*mis"si*ble (?), a. Not permissible.

Imperscrutable

Im`per*scru"ta*ble (?), a. [L. imperscrutabilis.] Not capable of being searched out; inscrutable. [Obs.] -- Im`per*scru"ta*ble*ness, n. [Obs.]

Imperseverant

Im`per*sev"er*ant (?), a. Not persevering; fickle; thoughtless. [Obs.]

Impersonal

Im*per"son*al (?), a. [L. impersonalis; pref. im- not + personalis personal: cf. F. impersonnel. See Personal.] Not personal; not representing a person; not having personality.
An almighty but impersonal power, called Fate. Sir J. Stephen.
Impersonal verb (Gram.), a verb used with an indeterminate subject, commonly, in English, with the impersonal pronoun it; as, it rains; it snows; methinks (it seems to me). Many verbs which are not strictly impersonal are often used impersonally; as, it goes well with him.

Impersonal

Im*per"son*al, n. That which wants personality; specifically (Gram.), an impersonal verb.

Impersonality

Im*per`son*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impersonal; want or absence of personality.

Impersonally

Im*per"son*al*ly (?), adv. In an impersonal manner.

Impersonate

Im*per"son*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impersonated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impersonating.]

1. To invest with personality; to endow with the form of a living being.

2. To ascribe the qualities of a person to; to personify.

3. To assume, or to represent, the person or character of; to personate; as, he impersonated Macbeth.

Benedict impersonated his age. Milman.

Impersonation, Impersonification

Im*per`son*a"tion (?), Im`per*son`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of impersonating; personification; investment with personality; representation in a personal form.

Impersonator

Im*per"son*a`tor (?), n. One who impersonates; an actor; a mimic.

Imperspicuity

Im*per`spi*cu"i*ty (?), n. Want of perspicuity or clearness; vaguness; ambiguity.

Imperspicuous

Im`per*spic"u*ous (?), a. Not perspicuous; not clear; obscure; vague; ambeguous.

Impersuadable

Im`per*suad"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. Impersuasible.] Not to be persuaded; obstinate; unyielding; impersuasible. -- Im`per*suad"a*ble*ness, n.

Impersuasible

Im`per*sua"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + persuasible: cf. OF. impersuasible.] Not persuasible; not to be moved by persuasion; inflexible; impersuadable. Dr. H. More. -- Im`per*sua`si*bil"i*ty (#), n.

Impertinence

Im*per"ti*nence (?), n. [Cf. F. impertinence. See Impertinent.]

1. The condition or quality of being impertnent; absence of pertinence, or of adaptedness; irrelevance; unfitness.

2. Conduct or language unbecoming the person, the society, or the circumstances; rudeness; incivility.

We should avoid the vexation and impertinence of pedants who affect to talk in a language not to be understood. Swift.

3. That which is impertinent; a thing out of place, or of no value.

There are many subtile impertinences learned in schools. Watts.

Impertinency

Im*per"ti*nen*cy (?), n. Impertinence. [R.]
O, matter and impertinency mixed! Reason in madness! Shak.

Impertinent

Im*per"ti*nent (?), a. [F., fr. L. impertinens, -entis; pref. im- not + pertinens. See Pertinent.]

1. Not pertinent; not pertaining to the matter in hand; having no bearing on the subject; not to the point; irrelevant; inapplicable.

Things that are impertinent to us. Tillotson.
How impertinent that grief was which served no end! Jer. Taylor.

2. Contrary to, or offending against, the rules of propriety or good breeding; guilty of, or prone to, rude, unbecoming, or uncivil words or actions; as, an impertient coxcomb; an impertient remark.

3. Trifing; inattentive; frivolous. Syn. -- Rude; officious; intrusive; saucy; unmannerly; meddlesome; disrespectful; impudent; insolent. -- Impertinent, Officious, Rude. A person is officious who obtrudes his offices or assistance where they are not needed; he is impertinent when he intermeddles in things with which he has no concern. The former shows a want of tact, the latter a want of breeding, or, more commonly, a spirit of sheer impudence. A person is rude when he violates the proprieties of social life either from ignorance or wantonness. "An impertinent man will ask questions for the mere grafication of curiosity; a rude man will burst into the room of another, or push against his person, inviolant of all decorum; one who is officious is quite as unfortunate as he is troublesome; when he strives to serve, he has the misfortune to annoy." Crabb. See Impudence, and Insolent.

Impertinent

Im*per"ti*nent, n. An impertinent person. [R.]

Impertinently

Im*per"ti*nent*ly, adv. In an impertinent manner. "Not to betray myself impertinently." B. Jonson.

Impertransibility

Im`per*tran`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being impertransible. [R.]

Impertransible

Im`per*tran"si*ble (?), a. [L. pref. im- not + pertransire to go through. See Per- and Transient.] Incapable of being passed through. [R.]

Impertrubable

Im`per*trub"a*ble (?), a. [L. imperturbabilis; pref. im- not + perturbare to disturb: cf. F. imperturbable. See Perture.] Incapable of being disturbed or disconcerted; as, imperturbable gravity.

Imperturbably

Im`per*turb"a*bly, adv. In an imperturbable manner; calmly. C. Bront\'82.

Imperturbation

Im*per`tur*ba"tion (?), n. [L. imperturbatio.] Freedom from agitation of mind; calmness; quietude. W. Montagu.

Imperturbed

Im`per*turbed" (?), a. Not perturbed.

Imperviability

Im*per`vi*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being imperviable.

Imperviable

Im*per"vi*a*ble (?), a. Not pervious; impervious. [R.] -- Im*per"vi*a*ble*ness, n. [R.]

Impervious

Im*per"vi*ous (?), a. [L. impervius; pref. im- not + per through + via way. See Voyage.] Not pervious; not admitting of entrance or passage through; as, a substance impervious to water or air.
This gulf impassable, impervious. Milton.
The minds of these zealots were absolutely impervious. Macaulay.
Syn. -- Impassable; pathless; impenetrable; imperviable; impermeable. -- Im*per"vi*ous*ly, adv. -- Im*per"vi*ous*ness, n.

Impery

Im"per*y (?), n. Empery. [Archaic] Joye.

Impest

Im*pest" (?), v. t. To affict with pestilence; to infect, as with plague. [Obs.]

Impester

Im*pes"ter (?), v. t. See Pester. [Obs.]

Impetiginous

Im`pe*tig"i*nous (?), a. [L. impetiginous: cf. F. imp\'82tigineux.] Of the nature of, or pertaining to, impetigo.

Impetigo

Im`pe*ti"go (?), n. [L., fr. impetere to attack.] (Med.) A cutaneous, pustular eruption, not attended with fever; usually, a kind of eczema with pustulation.

Impetrable

Im"pe*tra*ble (?) a. [L. impetrabilis: cf. F. imp\'82trable. See Impetrate.] Capable of being obtained or moved by petition. [Obs.] Bailey.

Impetrate

Im"pe*trate (?), a. [L. impetratus, p. p. of impetrare to obtain; pref. im- in + patrare to bring to pass.] Obtained by entreaty. [Obs.] Ld. Herbert.

Impetrate

Im"pe*trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impetrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impetrating (?).] To obtain by request or entreaty. Usher.

Impetration

Im`pe*tra"tion (?), n. [L. impetratio: cf. F. imp\'82tration.]

1. The act of impetrating, or obtaining by petition or entreaty. [Obs.]

In way of impertation procuring the removal or allevation of our crosses. Barrow.

2. (Old Eng. Law) The obtaining of benefice from Rome by solicitation, which benefice belonged to the disposal of the king or other lay patron of the realm.

Impetrative

Im"pe*tra*tive (?), a. [L. impetrativus obtained by entreaty.] Of the nature of impetration; getting, or tending to get, by entreaty. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Impetratory

Im"pe*tra*to*ry (?), a. Containing or expressing entreaty. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Impetuosity

Im*pet`u*os"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. imp\'82tuosit\'82.]

1. The condition or quality of being impetuous; fury; violence.

2. Vehemence, or furiousnes of temper. Shak.

Impetuous

Im*pet"u*ous (?), a. [F. impetueux, L. impetuosus. See Impetus.]

1. Rushing with force and violence; moving with impetus; furious; forcible; violent; as, an impetuous wind; an impetuous torrent.

Went pouring forward with impetuous speed. Byron.

2. Vehement in feeling; hasty; passionate; violent; as, a man of impetuous temper.

The people, on their holidays, Impetuous, insolent, unquenchable. Milton.
Syn. -- Forcible; rapid; hasty; precipitate; furious; boisterous; violent; raging; fierce; passionate. -- Im*pet"u*ous*ly, adv. -- Im*pet"u*ous*ness, n.

Impetus

Im"pe*tus (?), n. [L., fr. impetere to rush upon, attack; pref. im- in + petere to fall upon, seek. See Petition.]

1. A property possessed by a moving body in virtue of its weight and its motion; the force with which any body is driven or impelled; momentum. &hand; Momentum is the technical term, impetus its popular equivalent, yet differing from it as applied commonly to bodies moving or moved suddenly or violently, and indicating the origin and intensity of the motion, rather than its quantity or effectiveness.

2. Fig.: Impulse; incentive; vigor; force. Buckle.

3. (Gun.) The aititude through which a heavy body must fall to acquire a velocity equal to that with which a ball is discharged from a piece.


Page 736

Impeyan pheasant

Im"pey*an pheas"ant (?). [From Lady Impey, who attempted to naturalize the bird in England.] (Zo\'94l.) An Indian crested pheasant of the genus Lophophorus. Several species are known. Called also monaul, monal. &hand; They are remarkable for the bright color and brilliant matallic hues of their plumage. The best known species (L. Impeyanus) has the neck of a brilliant metallic red, changing to golden yellow in certain lights.

Imphee

Im"phee (?), n. (Bot.) The African sugar cane (Holcus saccharatus), -- resembling the sorghum, or Chinese sugar cane.

Impictured

Im*pic"tured (?), a. Pictured; impressed. [Obs.] Spenser.

Impierce

Im*pierce" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + pierce. Cf. Empierce.] To pierce; to penetrate. [Obs.] Drayton.

Impierceable

Im*pierce"a*ble (?) a. Not capable of being pierced; impenetrable. [Obs.] Spenser.

Impiety

Im*pi"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Impieties (. [L. impietas, fr. impius impious; cf. F. impi\'82t\'82. See Impious, Piety.]

1. The quality of being impious; want of piety; irreverence toward the Supreme Being; ungodliness; wickedness.

2. An impious act; an act of wickednes.

Those impieties for the which they are now visited. Shak.
Syn. -- Ungodliness; irreligion; unrighteousness; sinfulness; profaneness; wickedness; godlessness.

Impignorate

Im*pig"no*rate (?), v. t. [LL. impignoratus, p. pl of impignorare to pawn. See Pignoration.] To pledge or pawn. [Obs.] Laing.

Impignoration

Im*pig`no*ra"tion (?), n. [LL. impignoratio: cf. F. impignoration.] The act of pawning or pledging; the state of being pawned. [Obs.] Bailey.

Imping

Imp"ing (?), n. [See Imp to graft.]

1. The act or process of grafting or mending. [Archaic]

2. (Falconry) The process of repairing broken feathers or a deficient wing.

Impinge

Im*pinge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impinging (?).] [L. impingere; pref. im- in + pangere to fix, strike; prob. akin to pacisci to agree, contract. See Pact, and cf. Impact.] To fall or dash against; to touch upon; to strike; to hit; to ciash with; -- with on or upon.
The cause of reflection is not the impinging of light on the solid or impervious parts of bodies. Sir I. Newton.
But, in the present order of things, not to be employed without impinging on God's justice. Bp. Warburton.

Impingement

Im*pinge"ment (?), n. The act of impinging.

Impingent

Im*pin"gent (?), a. [L. impingens, p. pr.] Striking against or upon.

Impinguate

Im*pin"guate (?), v. t. [L. impinguatus, p. p. of impinguare to fatten; pref. im- in + pinguis fat.] To fatten; to make fat. [Obs.] Bacon.

Impinguation

Im`pin*gua"tion (?), n. The act of making fat, or the state of being fat or fattened. [Obs.]

Impious

Im"pi*ous (?), a. [L. impius; pref. im- not + pius piou. See Pious.] Not pious; wanting piety; irreligious; irreverent; ungodly; profane; wanting in reverence for the Supreme Being; as, an impious deed; impious language.
When vice prevails, and impious men bear away, The post of honor is a private station. Addison.
Syn. -- Impious, Irreligious, Profane. Irreligious is negative, impious and profane are positive. An indifferent man may be irreligious; a profane man is irreverent in speech and conduct; an impious man is wickedly and boldly defiant in the strongest sense. Profane also has the milder sense of secular. C. J. Smith. -- Im"pi*ous*ly, adv. -- Im"pi*ous*ness, n.

Impire

Im"pire (?), n. See Umpire. [Obs.] Huloet.

Impishly

Imp"ish*ly (?), a. Having the qualities, or showing the characteristics, of an imp.

Impishly

Imp"ish*ly, adv. In the manner of an imp.

Imppiteous

Imp*pit"e*ous (?), a. Pitiless; cruel. [Obs.]

Implacability

Im*pla`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. implacabilitas: cf. F. implacabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being implacable.

Implacable

Im*pla"ca*ble (?), a. [L. implacabilis; pref. im- not + placabilis: cf. F. implacable. See Placable.]

1. Not placable; not to be appeased; incapable of being pacified; inexorable; as, an implacable prince.

I see thou art implacable. Milton.
An object of implacable enmity. Macaulay.

2. Incapable of ebign relieved or assuaged; inextinguishable. [R.]

O! how I burn with implacable fire. Spenser.
Which wrought them pain Implacable, and many a dolorous groan. Milton.
Syn. -- Unappeasable; inexorable; irreconcilable; unrelenting; relentless; unyielding.

Implacableness

Im*pla"ca*ble*ness (?), n. The quality of being implacable; implacability.

Implacably

Im*pla"ca*bly, adv. In an implacable manner.

Implacental

Im`pla*cen"tal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Without a placenta, as marsupials and monotremes. -- n. A mammal having no placenta.

Implacentalia

Im`pla*cen*ta"li*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See In- not, and Placental.] (Zo\'94l.) A primary division of the Mammalia, including the monotremes and marsupials, in which no placenta is formed.

Implant

Im*plant" (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Implanting.] [Pref. im- in + plant: cf. F. implanter.] To plant, or infix, for the purpose of growth; to fix deeply; to instill; to inculate; to introduce; as, to implant the seeds of virtue, or the principles of knowledge, in the minds of youth.
Minds well implanted with solid . . . breeding. Milton.

Implantation

Im`plan*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. implantation.] The act or process of implantating.

Implate

Im*plate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implated; p. pr. & vb. n. Implating.] To cover with plates; to sheathe; as, to implate a ship with iron.

Implausibility

Im*plau`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. Want of plausibility; the quality of being implausible.

Implausible

Im*plau"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + plausible: cf. F. implausible.] Not plausible; not wearing the appearance of truth or credibility, and not likely to be believed. "Implausible harangues." Swift. -- Im*plau"si*ble*ness, n. -- Im*plau"si*bly, adv.

Impleach

Im*pleach" (?), v. t. To pleach; to interweave. [Obs.] Shak.

Implead

Im*plead" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impleaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Impleading.] [Cf. Emplead.] (Law) To institute and prosecute a suit against, in court; to sue or prosecute at law; hence, to accuse; to impeach.

Implead

Im*plead", v. i. To sue at law.

Impleadable

Im*plead"a*ble (?), a. Not admitting excuse, evasion, or plea; rigorous. [R.] T. Adams.

Impleader

Im*plead"er (?), n. (Law) One who prosecutes or sues another.

Impleasing

Im*pleas"ing (, a. Unpleasing; displeasing. [Obs.] Overbury.

Impledge

Im*pledge" (?), v. t. To pledge. Sir W. Scott.

Implement

Im"ple*ment (?), n. [LL. implementum accomplishment, fr. L. implere, impletum, to fill up, finish, complete; pref. im- in + plere to fill. The word was perh. confuse with OF. empleier, emploier, to employ, F. employer, whence E. employ. See Plenty.] That which fulfills or supplies a want or use; esp., an instrument, toll, or utensil, as supplying a requisite to an end; as, the implements of trade, of husbandry, or of war.
Genius must have talent as its complement and implement. Coleridge.

Implement

Im"ple*ment, v. t.

1. To accomplish; to fulfill. [R.]

Revenge . . . executed and implemented by the hand of Vanbeest Brown. Sir W. Scott.

2. To provide with an implement or implements; to cause to be fulfilled, satisfied, or carried out, by means of an implement or implements.

The chief mechanical requisites of the barometer are implemented in such an instrument as the following. Nichol.

3. (Scots Law) To fulfill or perform, as a contract or an engagement.

Implemental

Im`ple*men"tal (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, implements or their use; mechanical.

Impletion

Im*ple"tion (?), n. [L. impletio. See Implement.]

1. The act of filling, or the state of being full. Sir T. Browne.

2. That which fills up; filling. Coleridge.

Implex

Im"plex (?), a. [L. implexus, p. p. of implectere to infold; pref. im- in + plectere to plait: cf. F implexe.] Intricate; entangled; complicated; complex.
The fable of every poem is . . . simple or implex. it is called simple when there is no change of fortune in it; implex, when the fortune of the chief actor changes from bad to good, or from good to bad. Addison.

Implexion

Im*plex"ion (?), n. [L. implexio.] Act of involving, or state of being involved; involution.

Impliable

Im*pli"a*ble (?), a. Not pliable; inflexible; inyielding.

Implicate

Im"pli*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Implicating.] [L. implicatus, p. p. of implicare to involve; pref. im- in + plicare to fold. See Employ, Ply, and cf. Imply, Implicit.]

1. To infold; to fold together; to interweave.

The meeting boughs and implicated leaves. Shelley.

2. To bring into connection with; to involve; to connect; -- applied to persons, in an unfavorable sense; as, the evidence implicates many in this conspiracy; to be implicated in a crime, a discreditable transaction, a fault, etc.

Implication

Im`pli*ca"tion (?), n. [L. implicatio: cf. F. implication.]

1. The act of implicating, or the state of being implicated.

Three principal causes of firmness are. the grossness, the quiet contact, and the implication of component parts. Boyle.

2. An implying, or that which is implied, but not expressed; an inference, or something which may fairly be understood, though not expressed in words.

Whatever things, therefore, it was asserted that the king might do, it was a necessary implication that there were other things which he could not do. Hallam.

Implicative

Im"pli*ca*tive (?), a. Tending to implicate.

Implicatively

Im"pli*ca*tive*ly, adv. By implication. Sir G. Buck.

Implicit

Im*plic"it (?), a. [L. implicitus, p. p. of implicare to entwine, entangle, attach closely: cf. F. implicite. See Implicate.]

1. Infolded; entangled; complicated; involved. [Obs.] Milton.

In his woolly fleece I cling implicit. Pope.

2. Tacitly comprised; fairly to be understood, though not expressed in words; implied; as, an implicit contract or agreement. South.

3. Resting on another; trusting in the word or authority of another, without doubt or reserve; unquestioning; complete; as, implicit confidence; implicit obedience.

Back again to implicit faith I fall. Donne.
Implicit function. (Math.) See under Function.

Implicitly

Im*plic"it*ly (?), adv.

1. In an implicit manner; without reserve; with unreserved confidence.

Not to dispute the methods of his providence, but humbly and implicitly to acquiesce in and adore them. Atterbury.

2. By implication; impliedly; as, to deny the providence of God is implicitly to deny his existence. Bentley.

Implicitness

Im*plic"it*ness, n. State or quality of being implicit.

Implicity

Im*plic"i*ty (?), n. Implicitness. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Implied

Im*plied" (?), a. Virtually involved or included; involved in substance; inferential; tacitly conceded; -- the correlative of express, or expressed. See Imply.

Impliedly

Im*pli"ed*ly (?), adv. By implication or inference. Bp. Montagu.

Imploded

Im*plod"ed (?), a. (Phon.) Formed by implosion. Ellis.

Implodent

Im*plod"ent (?), n. (Phon.) An implosive sound. Ellis.

Imploration

Im`plo*ra"tion (?), n. [L. imploratio: cf. OF. imploration. See Implore.] The act of imploring; earnest supplication. Bp. Hall.

Implorator

Im"plo*ra`tor (?), n. One who implores. [Obs.]
Mere implorators of unholy suits. Shak.

Imploratory

Im*plor"a*to*ry (?), a. Supplicatory; entreating. [R.] Carlyle.

Implore

Im*plore" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imploring.] [L. implorare; pref. im- in + plorare to cry aloud. See Deplore.] To call upon, or for, in supplication; to beseech; to prey to, or for, earnestly; to petition with urency; to entreat; to beg; -- followed directly by the word expressing the thing sought, or the person from whom it is sought.
Imploring all the gods that reign above. Pope.
I kneel, and then implore her blessing. Shak.
Syn. -- To beseech; supplicate; crave; entreat; beg; solicit; petition; prey; request; adjure. See Beseech.

Implore

Im*plore", v. i. To entreat; to beg; to prey.

Implore

Im*plore", n. Imploration. [Obs.] Spencer.

Implorer

Im*plor"er (?), n. One who implores.

Imploring

Im*plor"ing, a. That implores; beseeching; entreating. -- Im*plor"ing*ly, adv.

Implosion

Im*plo"sion (?), n. [Formed by substitution of pref. im- in for pref. ex- in explosion.]

1. A burstion inwards, as of a vessel from which the air has been exhausted; -- contrasted with explosion.

2. (Phon.) A sudden compression of the air in the mouth, simultaneously with and affecting the sound made by the closure of the organs in uttering p, t, or k, at the end of a syllable (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§159, 189); also, a similar compression made by an upward thrust of the larynx without any accompanying explosive action, as in the peculiar sound of b, d, and g, heard in Southern Germany. H. Sweet.

Implosive

Im*plo"sive (?), a. (Phon.) Formed by implosion. -- n. An implosive sound, an implodent. -- Im*plo"sive*ly, adv. H. Sweet.

Implumed

Im*plumed" (?), a. Not plumed; without plumes or feathers; featherless. [R.] Drayton.

Implunge

Im*plunge" (?), v. t. To plunge. Fuller.

Impluvium

Im*plu"vi*um (?), n. [L., fr. impluere to rain into; pref. im- in + pluere to rain.] (Arch.) In Roman dwellings, a cistern or tank, set in the atrium or peristyle to recieve the water from the roof, by means of the compluvium; generally made ornamental with flowers and works of art around its birm.

Imply

Im*ply" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Implying.] [From the same source as employ. See Employ, Ply, and cf. Implicate, Apply.]

1. To infold or involve; to wrap up. [Obs.] "His head in curls implied." Chapman.

2. To involve in substance or essence, or by fair inference, or by construction of law, when not include virtually; as, war implies fighting.

Where a mulicious act is proved, a mulicious intention is implied. Bp. Sherlock.
When a man employs a laborer to work for him, . . . the act of hiring implies an obligation and a promise that he shall pay him a reasonable reward for his services. Blackstone.

3. To refer, ascribe, or attribute. [Obs.]

Whence might this distaste arise?
If [from] neither your perverse and peevish will. To which I most imply it. J. Webster.
Syn. -- To involve; include; comprise; import; mean; denote; signify; betoken. See Involve.

Impoison

Im*poi"son (?), v. t. [Cf. Empoison.] To poison; to imbitter; to impair.

Impoisoner

Im*poi"son*er (?), n. A poisoner. [Obs.] Beau. & Fi.

Impoisonment

Im*poi"son*ment (?), n. [Cf. Empoisonment.] The act of poisoning or impoisoning. [Obs.] Pope.

Impolarily, Impolarly

Im*po"lar*i*ly (?), Im*po"lar*ly (?), adv. Not according to or in, the direction of the poles. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Impolicy

Im*pol"i*cy (?), n. The quality of being impolitic; inexpedience; unsuitableness to the end proposed; bads policy; as, the impolicy of fraud. Bp. Horsley.

Impolite

Im`po*lite" (?), a. [L. impolitus unpolishied, pref. im- not + politus, p. p. of polire to polish, refine. See Polite.] Not polite; not of polished manners; wanting in good manners; discourteous; uncivil; rude. -- Im`po*lite"ly, adv. -- Im`po*lite"ness, n.

Impolitic

Im*pol"i*tic (?), a. [Pref. im- not + politic; cf. F. impolitique.] Not politic; contrary to, or wanting in, policy; unwise; imprudent; indiscreet; inexpedient; as, an impolitic ruler, law, or measure.
The most unjust and impolitic of all things, unequal taxation. Burke.
Syn. -- Indiscreet; inexpedient; undiplomatic.
Page 737

Impolitical

Im`po*lit"i*cal (?), a. Impolitic. [Obs.] -- Im`po*lit"i*cal*ly, adv. [Obs.] Bacon.

Impoliticly

Im*pol"i*tic*ly (?), adv. In an impolitic manner.

Impoliticness

Im*pol"i*tic*ness, n. The quality of being impolitic.

Imponderability

Im*pon`der*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impond\'82rabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being imponderable; imponderableness.

Imponderable

Im*pon"der*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + ponderable: cf. F. impond\'82rable.] Not ponderable; without sensible or appreciable weight; incapable of being weighed.

Imponderable

Im*pon"der*a*ble, n. (Physics) An imponderable substance or body; specifically, in the plural, a name formely applied to heat, light, electricity, and magnetism, regarded as subtile flyids destitute of weight but in modern science little used.

Imponderableness

Im*pon"der*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being imponderable.

Imponderous

Im*pon"der*ous (?), a. Imponderable. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. -- Im*pon"der*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

Impone

Im*pone" (?), v. t. [L. imponere, impositum, to place upon; pref. im- in + ponere to place. See Position.] To stake; to wager; to pledge. [Obs.]
Against the which he has imponed, as I take it, six French rapiers and poniards. Shak.

Impoofo

Im*poo"fo (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The eland. [Written also impoofoo.]

Impoon

Im*poon" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The duykerbok.

Impoor

Im*poor" (?), v. t. To impoverish. [Obs.]

Imporosity

Im`po*ros"i*ty (?), n. [Perf. im- not + porosity: cf. F. imporosit\'82.] The state or quality of being imporous; want of porosity; compactness. "The . . . imporosity betwixt the tangible parts." Bacon.

Imporous

Im*por"ous (?), a. Destitute of pores; very close or compact in texture; solid. Sir T. Browne.

Import

Im*port" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imported; p. pr. & vb. n. Importing.] [L. importare to bring in, to occasion, to cause; pref. im- in + portare to bear. Sense 3 comes through F. importer, from the Latin. See Port demeanor.]

1. To bring in from abroad; to introduce from without; especially, to bring (wares or merchandise) into a place or country from a foreign country, in the transactions of commerce; -- opposed to export. We import teas from China, coffee from Brasil, etc.

2. To carry or include, as meaning or intention; to imply; to signify.

Every petition . . . doth . . . always import a multitude of speakers together. Hooker.

3. To be of importance or consequence to; to have a bearing on; to concern.

I have a motion much imports your good. Shak.
If I endure it, what imports it you? Dryden.
Syn. -- To denote; mean; sighify; imply; indicate; betoken; interest; concern.

Import

Im*port", v. i. To signify; to purport; to be of moment. "For that . . . importeth to the work." Bacon.

Import

Im"port (?), n.

1. Merchandise imported, or brought into a country from without its boundaries; -- generally in the plural, opposed to exports.

I take the imports from, and not the exports to, these conquests, as the measure of these advantages which we derived from them. Burke.

2. That which a word, phrase, or document contains as its signification or intention or interpretation of a word, action, event, and the like.

3. Importance; weight; consequence.

Most serious design, and the great import. Shak.

Importable

Im*port"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. importable. See Import.] Capable of being imported.

Importable

Im*port"a*ble, a. [L. importabilis; pref. im- not + portabilis bearable: cf. OF. importable. See Portable.] Not to be endured; insupportable; intolerable. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Im*port"a*ble*ness, n. [Obs.]

Importance

Im*por"tance (?), n. [F. importance. See Important.]

1. The quality or state of being important; consequence; weight; moment; significance.

Thy own importance know, Nor bound thy narrow views to things below. Pope.

2. Subject; matter. [Obs.]

Upon importance of so slight and trivial a nature. Shak.

3. Import; meaning; significance. [Obs.]

The wisest beholder could not say if the importance were joy or sorrow. Shak.

4. Importunity; solicitation. [Obs.]

At our importance hither is he come. Shak.

Importancy

Im*por"tan*cy (?), n. Importance; significance; consequence; that which is important. [Obs.] Shak. "Careful to conceal importancies." Fuller.

Important

Im*por"tant (?), a. [F. important. See Import, v. t.]

1. Full of, or burdened by, import; charged with great interests; restless; anxious. [Obs.]

Thou hast strength as much As serves to execute a mind very important. Chapman.

2. Carrying or possessing weight or consequence; of valuable content or bearing; significant; weighty.

Things small as nothing . . . He makes important. Shak.

3. Bearing on; forcible; driving. [Obs.]

He fiercely at him flew, And with important outrage him assailed. Spenser.

4. Importunate; pressing; urgent. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Weighty; momentous; significant; essential; necessary; considerable; influential; serious.

Importantly

Im*por"tant*ly, adv. In an important manner.

Importation

Im`por*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. importation. See Import, v. t.]

1. The act of carrying, conveying, or delivering. [R.]

2. The act or practice of importing, or bringing into a country or state; -- opposed to exportation.

3. That which is imported; commodities or wares introduced into a country from abroad.

Importer

Im*port"er (?), n. One who imports; the merchant who brings goods into a country or state; -- opposed to exporter.

Importing

Im*port"ing, a. Full of meaning. [Obs.] Shak.

Importless

Im*port"less, a. Void of meaning. [Obs.] Shak.

Importunable

Im*por"tu*na*ble (?), a. Heavy; insupportable. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

Importunacy

Im*por"tu*na*cy (?), n. [From Importunate.] The quality of being importunate; importunateness.

Importunate

Im*por"tu*nate (?), a. [See Importune.]

1. Troublesomely urgent; unreasonably solicitous; overpressing in request or demand; urgent; teasing; as, an impotunate petitioner, curiosity. Whewell.

2. Hard to be borne; unendurable. [R.] Donne. -- Im*por"tu*nate*ly, adv. -- Im*por"tu*nate*ness, n.

Importunator

Im*por"tu*na`tor (?), n. One who importunes; an importuner. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.

Importunee

Im`por*tunee" (?), a. [F. importun, L. importunus; pref. im- not + a derivative from the root of portus harbor, importunus therefore orig. meaning, hard of access. See Port harbor, and cf. Importunate.]

1. Inopportune; unseasonable. [Obs.]

2. Troublesome; vexatious; persistent; urgent; hence, vexatious on account of untimely urgency or perinacious solicitation. [Obs.]

And their importune fates all satisfied. Spenser.
Of all other affections it [envy] is the most importune and continual. Bacon.

Importune

Im`por*tune", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Importuned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Importuning.] [From Importune, a.: cf. F. importuner.]

1. To request or solicit, with urgency; to press with frequent, unreasonable, or troublesome application or pertinacity; hence, to tease; to irritate; to worry.

Their ministers and residents here have perpetually importuned the court with unreasonable demands. Swift.

2. To import; to signify. [Obs.] "It importunes death." Spenser.

Importune

Im`por*tune", v. i. To require; to demand. [Obs.]
We shall write to you, As time and our concernings shall importune. Shak.

Importunely

Im`por*tune"ly, adv. In an importune manner. [Obs.]

Importuner

Im`por*tun"er (?), n. One who importunes.

Importunity

Im`por*tu"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Importunities (#). [L. importunitas unsuitableness, rudeness: cf. F. importunit\'82.] The quality of being importunate; pressing or pertinacious solicitation; urgent request; incessant or frequent application; troublesome pertinacity.
O'ercome with importunity and tears. Milton.

Importuous

Im*por"tu*ous (?), a. [L. importuosus; pref.im- not + portuosus abounding in harbors, fr. portus harbor.] Without a port or harbor. [R.]

Imposable

Im*pos"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. imposable.] Capable of being imposed or laid on. Hammond.

Imposableness

Im*pos"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being imposable.

Impose

Im*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imposing.] [F. imposer; pref. im- in + poser to place. See Pose, v. t.]

1. To lay on; to set or place; to put; to deposit.

Cakes of salt and barley [she] did impose Within a wicker basket. Chapman.

2. To lay as a charge, burden, tax, duty, obligation, command, penalty, etc.; to enjoin; to levy; to inflict; as, to impose a toll or tribute.

What fates impose, that men must needs abide. Shak.
Death is the penalty imposed. Milton.
Thou on the deep imposest nobler laws. Waller.

3. (Eccl.) To lay on, as the hands, in the religious rites of confirmation and ordination.

4. (Print.) To arrange in proper order on a table of stone or metal and lock up in a chase for printing; -- said of columns or pages of type, forms, etc.

Impose

Im*pose", v. i. To practice trick or deception. To impose on ∨ upon, to pass or put a trick on; to delude. "He imposes on himself, and mistakes words for things." Locke.

Impose

Im*pose", n. A command; injunction. [Obs.] Shak.

Imposement

Im*pose"ment (?), n. Imposition. [Obs.]

Imposer

Im*pos"er (?), n. One who imposes.
The imposers of these oaths might repent. Walton.

Imposing

Im*pos"ing, a.

1. Laying as a duty; enjoining.

2. Adapted to impress forcibly; impressive; commanding; as, an imposing air; an imposing spectacle. "Large and imposing edifices." Bp. Hobart.

3. Deceiving; deluding; misleading.

Imposing

Im*pos"ing, n. (Print.) The act of imposing the columns of a page, or the pages of a sheet. See Impose, v. t., 4. Imposing stone (Print.), the stone on which the pages or columns of types are imposed or made into forms; -- called also imposing table.

Imposingly

Im*pos"ing*ly, adv. In an imposing manner.

Imposingness

Im*pos"ing*ness, n. The quality of being imposing.

Imposition

Im`po*si"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. impositio the application of a name to a thing. See Impone.]

1. The act of imposing, laying on, affixing, enjoining, inflicting, obtruding, and the like. "From imposition of strict laws." Milton.

Made more solemn by the imposition of hands. Hammond.

2. That which is imposed, levied, or enjoined; charge; burden; injunction; tax.

3. (Eng. Univ.) An extra exercise enjoined on students as a punishment. T. Warton.

4. An excessive, arbitrary, or unlawful exaction; hence, a trick or deception put on laid on others; cheating; fraud; delusion; imposture.

Reputation is an idle and most false imposition. Shak.

5. (Eccl.) The act of laying on the hands as a religious ceremoy, in ordination, confirmation, etc.

6. (Print.) The act or process of imosing pages or columns of type. See Impose, v. t., 4. Syn. -- Deceit; fraud; imposture. See Deception.

Impossibility

Im*pos`si*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Impossibilities (#). [L. impossibilitas: cf. F. impossibilit\'82.]

1. The quality of being impossible; impracticability.

They confound difficulty with impossibility. South.

2. An impossible thing; that which can not be thought, done, or endured.

Impossibilities! O, no, there's none. Cowley.

3. Inability; helplessness. [R.] Latimer. Logical impossibility, a condition or statement involving contradiction or absurdity; as, that a thing can be and not be at the same time. See Principle of Contradiction, under Contradiction.

Impossible

Im*pos"si*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. impossibilis; pref. im- not + possibilis possible. See Possible.] Not possible; incapable of being done, of existing, etc.; unattainable in the nature of things, or by means at command; insuperably difficult under the circumstances; absurd or impracticable; not feasible.
With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible. Matt. xix. 26.
Without faith it is impossible to please him. Heb. xi. 6.
Impossible quantity (Math.), an imagnary quantity. See Imaginary. Syn. -- See Impracticable.

Impossible

Im*pos"si*ble, n. An impossibility. [Obs.]
"Madam," quoth he, "this were an impossible!" Chaucer.

Impossibly

Im*pos"si*bly, adv. Not possibly. Sir. T. North.

Impost

Im"post (?), n. [OF. impost, F. impot, LL. impostus, fr. L. impostus, p. p. of imponere to impose. See Impone.]

1. That which is imposed or levied; a tax, tribute, or duty; especially, a duty or tax laid by goverment on goods imported into a country.

Even the ship money . . . Johnson could not pronounce to have been an unconstitutional impost. Macaulay.

2. (Arch.) The top member of a pillar, pier, wall, etc., upon which the weight of an arch rests. &hand; The impost is called continuous, if the moldings of the arch or architrave run down the jamb or pier without a break. Syn. -- Tribute; excise; custom; duty; tax.

Imposthumate

Im*post"hu*mate (?), v. t. [See Imposthume.] To apostemate; to form an imposthume or abscess. Arbuthnot.

Imposthumate

Im*post"hu*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imposthumated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imposthumating (?).] To affect with an imposthume or abscess.

Imposthumate

Im*post"hu*mate (?), a. Imposthumated.

Imposthumation

Im*post`hu*ma"tion (?), n.

1. The act of forming an abscess; state of being inflamed; suppuration.

2. An abscess; an imposthume. Coxe.

Imposthume

Im*post"hume (?), n. [A corruption of aposteme. See Aposteme.] A collection of pus or purulent matter in any part of an animal body; an abscess.

Imposthume

Im*post"hume, v. t. & i. Same as Imposthumate.

Impostor

Im*pos"tor (?), n. [L. impostor a deceiver, fr. imponere to impose upon, deceive. See Impone.] One who imposes upon others; a person who assumes a character or title not his own, for the purpose of deception; a pretender. "The fraudulent impostor foul." Milton. Syn. -- Deceiver; cheat; rogue. See Deceiver.

Impostorship

Im*pos"tor*ship, n. The condition, character, or practice of an impostor. Milton.

Impostress, Impostrix

Im*pos"tress (?), Im*pos"trix (?), n. [LL. impostrix. See Impostor.] A woman who imposes upon or deceives others. [R.] Fuller.

Impostrous

Im*pos"trous (?), n. Characterized by imposture; deceitful. "Impostrous pretense of knowledge." Grote.

Imposturage

Im*pos"tur*age (?), n. Imposture; cheating. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Imposture

Im*pos"ture (?), n. [L. impostura: cf. F. imposture. See Impone.] The act or conduct of an impostor; deception practiced under a false or assumed character; fraud or imposition; cheating.
From new legends And fill the world with follies and impostures. Johnson.
Syn. -- Cheat; fraud; trick; imposition; delusion.

Impostured

Im*pos"tured (?), a. Done by imposture. [Obs.]

Imposturous

Im*pos"tur*ous (?), a. Impostrous; deceitful.
Strictness fales and impostrous. Beau. & Fl.

Impostury

Im*pos"tur*y (?), n. Imposture. [Obs.] Fuller.

Impotence, Impotency

Im"po*tence (?), Im"po*ten*cy (?), n. [L. impotenia inability, poverty, want of moderation. See Impotent.]

1. The quality or condition of being impotent; want of strength or power, animal, intellectual, or moral; weakness; feebleness; inability; imbecility.

Some were poor by impotency of nature; as young fatherless children, old decrepit persons, idiots, and cripples. Hayward.
O, impotence of mind in body strong! Milton.

2. Want of self-restraint or self-control. [R.] Milton.

3. (Law & Med.) Want of procreative power; inability to copulate, or beget children; also, sometimes, sterility; barrenness.

Impotent

Im"po*tent (?), a. [F. impotent, L. impotens, -entis; pref. im- not + potens potent, powerful. See Potent.]

1. Not potent; wanting power, strength. or vigor. whether physical, intellectual, or moral; deficient in capacity; destitute of force; weak; feeble; infirm.

There sat a certain man at Lystra, impotent inhis feet. Acts xiv. 8.
O most lame and impotent conclusion! Shak.
Not slow to hear, Nor impotent to save. Addison.

2. Wanting the power of self-restraint; incontrolled; ungovernable; violent.

Impotent of tongue, her silence broke. Dryden.

3. (Med.) Wanting the power of procreation; unable to copulate; also, sometimes, sterile; barren.

Impotent

Im"po*tent, n. One who is imoitent. [R.] Shak.

Impotently

Im"po*tent*ly, adv. In an impotent manner.

Impound

Im*pound" (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Impounding.] To shut up or place in an inclosure called a pound; hence, to hold in the custody of a court; as, to impound stray cattle; to impound a document for safe keeping.
But taken and impounded as a stray, The king of Scots. Shak.

Page 738

Impoundage

Im*pound"age (?), n.

1. The act of impounding, or the state of being impounded.

2. The fee or fine for impounding.

Impounder

Im*pound"er (?), n. One who impounds.

Impoverish

Im*pov"er*ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impoverished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impoverishing.] [OF. empovrir; pref. em- (L. in) + povre poor, F. pauvre; cf. OF. apovrir, F. appauvrir, where the prefix is a-, L. ad. Cf. Empoverish, and see Poor, and -ish.]

1. To make poor; to reduce to poverty or indigence; as, misfortune and disease impoverish families.

2. To exhaust the strength, richness, or fertility of; to make sterile; as, to impoverish land.

Impoverisher

Im*pov"er*ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, impoverishes.

Impoverishment

Im*pov"er*ish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. empoverissement, and F. appauvrissement.] The act of impoverishing, or the state of being impoverished; reduction to poverty. Sir W. Scott.

Impower

Im*pow"er (?), v. t. See Empower.

Imp-pole

Imp"-pole` (, n. (Building) A pole for supporting a scaffold.

Impracticability

Im*prac`ti*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Impracticabilities (.

1. The state or quality of being impracticable; infeasibility. Goldsmith.

2. An impracticable thing.

3. Intractableness; stubbornness.

Impracticable

Im*prac"ti*ca*ble (?), a.

1. Not practicable; incapable of being performed, or accomplished by the means employed, or at command; impossible; as, an impracticable undertaking.

2. Not to be overcome, presuaded, or controlled by any reasonable method; unmanageable; intractable; not capable of being easily dealt with; -- used in a general sense, as applied to a person or thing that is difficult to control or get along with.

This though, impracticable heart Is governed by a dainty-fingered girl. Rowe.
Patriotic butloyal men went away disguested afresh with the impracticable arrogance of a sovereign. Palfrey.

3. Incapable of being used or availed of; as, an impracticable road; an impracticable method. Syn. -- Impossible; infeasible. -- Impracticable, Impossible. A thing is impracticable when it can not be accomplished by any human means at present possessed; a thing is impossible when the laws of nature forbid it. The navigation of a river may now be impracticable, but not impossible, because the existing obstructions may yet be removed. "The barons exercised the most despotic authority over their vassals, and every scheme of public utility was rendered impracticable by their continued petty wars with each other." Mickle. "With men this is impossible, but with God all things are possible." Matt. xix. 26.

Impracticableness

Im*prac"ti*ca*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being impracticable; impracticability.

Impracticably

Im*prac"ti*ca*bly, adv. In an impracticable manner.
Morality not impracticably rigid. Johnson.

Impractical

Im*prac"ti*cal (?), a. Not practical.

Imprecate

Im"pre*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imprecated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imprecating (?).] [L. imprecatus, p. p. of imprecari to imprecate; pref. im- in, on + precari to pray. See Pray.]

1. To call down by prayer, as something hurtful or calamitous.

Imprecate the vengeance of Heaven on the guilty empire. Mickle.

2. To invoke evil upon; to curse; to swear at.

In vain we blast the ministers of Fate, And the forlorn physicians imprecate. Rochester.

Imprecation

Im`pre*ca"tion (?), n. [L. imprecatio: cf. F. impr\'82cation.] The act of imprecating, or unvoking evil upon any one; a player that a curse or calamnity may fall on any one; a curse.
Men cowered like slaves before such horrid imprecations. Motley.
Syn. -- Malediction; curse; execration; anathema. See Malediction.

Imprecatory

Im"pre*ca*to*ry (?), a. Of the nature of, or containing, imprecation; invokingevil; as, the imprecatory psalms.

Imprecision

Im`pre*ci"sion (?), n. Want of precision. [R.]

Impregn

Im*pregn" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. impregner. See Impregnate.] To impregnate; to make fruitful. [Obs.]
His perniciousss words, impregned With reason. Milton.
Semele doth Bacchus bear Impregned of Jove. Dr. H. More.

Impregnability

Im*preg`na*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being impregnable; invincibility.

Impregnable

Im*preg"na*ble (?), a. [F. imprenable; pref. im- not + prenable pregnable, fr. prendre to take, L. prehendere. See Comprehend, Get to obtain.] Not to be stormed, or taken by assault; incapable of being subdued; able to resist attack; unconquerable; as, an impregnable fortress; impregnable virtue.
The man's affection remains wholly unconcerned and impregnable. South.
-- Im*preg"na*ble*ness, n. -- Im*preg"na*bly, adv.

Impregnable

Im*preg"na*ble (?), a. [See Impregnate.] (Biol.) Capable of being impregnated, as the egg of an animal, or the ovule of a plant.

Impregnant

Im*preg"nant (?), n. [See Impregnate.] That which impregnates. [R.] Glanvill.

Impregnant

Im*preg"nant, a. [Pref. im- not + pregnant.] Not pregnant; unfertilized or infertile. [R.]

Impregnate

Im*preg"nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impregnated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impregnating (?).] [LL. impraegnatus, p. p. of impraegnare to impregnate, fr. L. pref. im- in + praegnans pregnant. See Pregnant.]

1. To make pregnant; to cause to conceive; to render prolific; to get with child or young.

2. (Biol.) To come into contact with (an ovum or egg) so as to cause impregnation; to fertilize; to fecundate.

3. To infuse an active principle into; to render frutful or fertile in any way; to fertilize; to imbue.

4. To infuse particles of another substance into; to communicate the quality of another to; to cause to be filled, imbued, mixed, or furnished (with something); as, to impregnate India rubber with sulphur; clothing impregnated with contagion; rock impregnated with ore.

Impregnate

Im*preg"nate (?), v. i. To become pregnant. Addison.

Impregnate

Im*preg"nate (?), a. [LL. impraegnatus, p. p.] Impregnated; made prolific.
The scorching ray Here pierceth not, impregnate with disease. Byron.

Impregnation

Im`preg*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. impr\'82gnation, LL. impraegnatio.]

1. The act of impregnating or the state of being impregnated; fecundation.

2. (Biol.) The fusion of a female germ cell (ovum) with a male germ cell (in animals, a spermatozo\'94n) to form a single new cell endowed with the power of developing into a new individual; fertilization; fecundation. &hand; In the broadest biological sense, impregnation, or sexual generation, consists simply in the coalescence of two similar masses of protoplasmic matter, either derived from different parts of the same organism or from two distinct organisms. From the single mass, which results from the fusion, or coalescence, of these two masses, a new organism develops.

3. That with which anything is impregnated. Derham.

4. Intimate mixture; influsion; saturation.

5. (Mining) An ore deposit, with indefinite boundaries, consisting of rock impregnated with ore. Raymond.

Imprejudicate

Im`pre*ju"di*cate (?), a. Not prejuged; unprejudiced; impartial. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Imprenable

Im*pre"na*ble (?), a. Impregnable. [Obs.]

Impreparation

Im*prep`a*ra"tion (?), n. Want of preparation. [Obs.] Hooker.

Impresa

Im*pre"sa (?), n. [It. See Emprise, and cf. Impress, n., 4.] (Her.) A device on a shield or seal, or used as a bookplate or the like. [Written also imprese and impress.]
My impresa to your lordship; a swain Flying to a laurel for shelter. J. Webster.

Impresario

Im`pre*sa"ri*o (?), n.; pl. Impresarios (#). [It., from impresa enterprise.] The projector, manager, or conductor, of an opera or concert company.

Imprescriptibility

Im`pre*scrip`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. imprescriptibilit\'82.] The quality of being imprescriptible.

Imprescriptible

Im`pre*scrip"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + prescriptible: cf. F. imprescriptible.]

1. Not capable of being lost or impaired by neglect, by disuse, or by the claims of another founded on prescription.

The right of navigation, fishing, and others that may be exercised on the sea, belonging to the right of mere ability, are imprescriptible. Vattel (Trans. )

2. Not derived from, or dependent on, external authority; self-evidencing; obvious.

The imprescriptible laws of the pure reason. Colerridge.

Imprescriptibly

Im`pre*scrip"ti*bly, adv. In an imprescriptible manner; obviously.

Imprese

Im*prese" (?), n. A device. See Impresa.
An imprese, as the Italians call it, is a device in picture with his motto or word, borne by noble or learned personages. Camden.

Impress

Im*press" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impressing.] [L. impressus, p. p. of imprimere to impress; pref. im- in, on + premere to press. See Press to squeeze, and cf. Imprint.]

1. To press, stamp, or print something in or upon; to mark by pressure, or as by pressure; to imprint (that which bears the impression).

His heart, like an agate, with your print impressed. Shak.

2. To produce by pressure, as a mark, stamp, image, etc.; to imprint (a mark or figure upon something).

3. Fig.: To fix deeply in the mind; to present forcibly to the attention, etc.; to imprint; to inculcate.

Impress the motives of persuasion upon our own hearts till we feel the force of them. I. Watts.

4. [See Imprest, Impress, n., 5.] To take by force for public service; as, to impress sailors or money.

The second five thousand pounds impressed for the service of the sick and wounded prisoners. Evelyn.

Impress

Im*press", v. i. To be impressed; to rest. [Obs.]
Such fiendly thoughts in his heart impress. Chaucer.

Impress

Im"press (?), n.; pl. Impresses (.

1. The act of impressing or making.

2. A mark made by pressure; an indentation; imprint; the image or figure of anything, formed by pressure or as if by pressure; result produced by pressure or influence.

The impresses of the insides of these shells. Woodward.
This weak impress of love is as a figure Trenched in ice. Shak.

3. Characteristic; mark of distinction; stamp. South.

4. A device. See Impresa. Cussans.

To describe . . . emblazoned shields, Impresses quaint. Milton.

5. [See Imprest, Press to force into service.] The act of impressing, or taking by force for the public service; compulsion to serve; also, that which is impressed.

Why such impress of shipwrights? Shak.
Impress gang, a party of men, with an officer, employed to impress seamen for ships of war; a press gang. -- Impress money, a sum of money paid, immediately upon their entering service, to men who have been impressed.

Impressibility

Im*press`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impressible; susceptibility.

Impressible

Im*press"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. impressible.] Capable of being impressed; susceptible; sensitive. -- Im*press"i*ble*ness, n. -- Im*press"i*bly, adv.

Impression

Im*pres"sion (?), n. [F. impression, L. impressio.]

1. The act of impressing, or the state of being impressed; the communication of a stamp, mold, style, or character, by external force or by influence.

2. That which is impressed; stamp; mark; indentation; sensible result of an influence exerted from without.

The stamp and clear impression of good sense. Cowper.
To shelter us from impressions of weather, we must spin, we must weave, we must build. Barrow.

3. That which impresses, or exercises an effect, action, or agency; appearance; phenomenon. [Obs.]

Portentous blaze of comets and impressions in the air. Milton.
A fiery impression falling from out of Heaven. Holland.

4. Influence or effect on the senses or the intellect hence, interest, concern. Reid.

His words impression left. Milton.
Such terrible impression made the dream. Shak.
I have a father's dear impression, And wish, before I fall into my grave, That I might see her married. Ford.

5. An indistinct notion, remembrance, or belief.

6. Impressiveness; emphasis of delivery.

Which must be read with an impression. Milton.

7. (Print.) The pressure of the type on the paper, or the result of such pressure, as regards its appearance; as, a heavy impression; a clear, or a poor, impression; also, a single copy as the result of printing, or the whole edition printed at a given time.

Ten impressions which his books have had. Dryden.

8. In painting, the first coat of color, as the priming in house painting and the like. [R.]

9. (Engraving) A print on paper from a wood block, metal plate, or the like. Proof impression, one of the early impressions taken from an engraving, before the plate or block is worn.

Impressionability

Im*pres`sion*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impressionable.

Impresionable

Im*pres"ion*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. impressionnable.] Liable or subject to impression; capable of being molded; susceptible; impressible.
He was too impressionable; he had too much of the temperament of genius. Motley.
A pretty face and an impressionable disposition. T. Hook.

Impressionableness

Im*pres"sion*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being impressionable.

Impressionism

Im*pres"sion*ism (?), n. [F. impressionnisme.] (Fine Arts) The theory or method of suggesting an effect or impression without elaboration of the details; -- a disignation of a recent fashion in painting and etching.

Impressionist

Im*pres"sion*ist, n. [F. impressionniste.] (Fine Arts) One who adheres to the theory or method of impressionism, so called.

Impressionistic

Im*pres`sion*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, impressionism.

Impressionless

Im*pres"sion*less, a. Having the quality of not being impressed or affected; not susceptible.

Impressive

Im*press"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. impressif.]

1. Making, or tending to make, an impression; having power to impress; adapted to excite attention and feeling, to touch the sensibilities, or affect the conscience; as, an impressive discourse; an impressive scene.

2. Capable of being impressed. [Obs.] Drayton. - Im*press"ive*ly, adv. -- Im*press"ive*ness, n.

Impressment

Im*press"ment (?), n. The act of seizing for public use, or of impressing into public service; compulsion to serve; as, the impressment of provisions or of sailors.
The great scandal of our naval service -- impressment -- died a protracted death. J. H. Burton.

Impressor

Im*press"or (?), n. [LL., a printer.] One who, or that which, impresses. Boyle.

Impressure

Im*pres"sure (?), n. [Cf. OF. impressure, LL. impressura.] Dent; impression. [Obs.] Shak.

Imprest

Im*prest" (, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Imprested; p. pr. & vb. n. Impresting.] [Pref. im- + prest: cf. It. imprestare. See Prest, n.] To advance on loan. Burke.

Imprest

Im"prest (?), n. [Cf. It. impresto, imprestito, LL. impraestitum. See Imprest, v. t., and Impress compulsion to serve.] A kind of earnest money; loan; -- specifically, money advanced for some public service, as in enlistment. Burke.
The clearing of their imprests for what little of their debts they have received. Pepys.

Imprevalence, Imprevalency

Im*prev"a*lence (?), Im*prev"a*len*cy (?), n. Want of prevalence. [Obs.]

Impreventability

Im`pre*vent`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being impreventable. [R.]

Impreventable

Im`pre*vent"a*ble (?), a. Not preventable; invitable.

Imprimatur

Im`pri*ma"tur (?), n. [L., let it be printed.] (Law) A license to print or publish a book, paper, etc.; also, in countries subjected to the censorship of the press, approval of that which is published.

Imprimery

Im*prim"er*y (?), n. [F. imprimerie, fr. imprimer to imprint.] [Obs.] (a) A print; impression. (b) A printing establishment. (c) The art of printing.

Impriming

Im*prim"ing (?), n. A begining. [Obs.] "Their springings and imprimings." Sir H. Wotton.

Imprimis

Im*pri"mis (?), adv. [L., for in primis among the first, chiefly; in in + primus first.] In the first place; first in order.

Imprint

Im*print" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imptrinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imprinting.] [OE. emprenten, F. empreint, p. p. of empreindre to imprint, fr. L. imprimere to impres, imprint. See 1st In-, Print, and cf. Impress.]

1. To impress; to mark by pressure; to indent; to stamp.

And sees his num'rous herds imprint her sands. Prior.

2. To stamp or mark, as letters on paper, by means of type, plates, stamps, or the like; to print the mark (figures, letters, etc., upon something).

Nature imprints upon whate'er we see, That has a heart and life in it, "Be free." Cowper.

3. To fix indelibly or permanently, as in the mind or memory; to impress.

Ideas of those two different things distinctly imprinted on his mind. Locke.

Page 739

Imprint

Im"print (?), n. [Cf. F. empreinte impress, stamp. See Imprint, v. t.] Whatever is impressed or imprinted; the impress or mark left by something; specifically, the name of the printer or publisher (usually) with the time and place of issue, in the title-page of a book, or on any printed sheet. "That imprint of their hands." Buckle.

Imprison

Im*pris"on (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imprisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imprisoning.] [OE. enprisonen, OF. enprisoner, F. emprisonner; pref. en- (L. in) + F. & OF. prison. See Prison.]

1. To put in prison or jail; To arrest and detain in custody; to confine.

He imprisoned was in chains remediles. Spenser.

2. To limit, restrain, or confine in any way.

Try to imprison the resistless wind. Dryden.
Syn. -- To incarcerate; confine; immure.

Imprisoner

Im*pris"on*er (?), n. One who imprisons.

Imprison ment

Im*pris"on ment (?), n. [OE. enprisonment; F. emprisonnement.] The act of imprisoning, or the state of being imprisoned; confinement; restraint.
His sinews waxen weak and raw Through long imprisonment and hard constraint. Spenser.
Every confinement of the person is an imprisonment, whether it be in a common prison, or in a private house, or even by foreibly detaining one in the public streets. Blackstone.
False imprisonment. (Law) See under False. Syn. -- Incarceration; custody; confinement; durance; restraint.

Improbability

Im*prob`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Improbabilities (#). [Cf. F. improbabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being improbable; unlikelihood; also, that which is improbable; an improbable event or result.

Improbable

Im*prob"a*ble (?), a. [L. improbabilis; pref. im- not + probabilis probable: cf. F. improbable. See Probable.] Not probable; unlikely to be true; not to be expected under the circumstances or in the usual course of events; as, an improbable story or event.
He . . . sent to Elutherius, then bishop of Rome, an improbable letter, as some of the contents discover. Milton.
-- Im*prob"a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*prob"a*bly, adv.

Improbate

Im"pro*bate (?), v. t. [L. improbatus, p. p. of improbare to disapprove; pref. im- not + probare to approve.] To disapprove of; to disallow. [Obs.]

Improbation

Im`pro*ba"tion (?), n. [L. improbatio.]

1. The act of disapproving; disapprobation.

2. (Scots Law) The act by which falsehood and forgery are proved; an action brought for the purpose of having some instrument declared false or forged. Bell.

Improbative, Improbatory

Im"pro*ba*tive (?), Im"pro*ba`to*ry (?), a. Implying, or tending to, improbation.

Improbity

Im*prob"i*ty (?), n. [L. improbitas; pref. im- not + probitas probity: cf. F. improbit\'82.] Lack of probity; want of integrity or rectitude; dishonesty.
Persons . . . cast out for notorious improbity. Hooker.

Improficience, Improficiency

Im`pro*fi"cience (?), Im`pro*fi"cien*cy, n. Want of proficiency. [R.] Bacon.

Improfitable

Im*prof"it*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + profitable: cf. F. improfitable.] Unprofitable. [Obs.]

Improgressive

Im`pro*gress"ive (?), a. Not progressive. De Quincey. -- Im"pro*gress"ive*ly, adv.

Improlific

Im`pro*lif"ic (?), a. [Pref. im- not + prolific: cf. F. improlifique.] Not prolific. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse.

Improlificate

Im`pro*lif"ic*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + prolificate.] To impregnate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Imprompt

Im*prompt" (?), a. Not ready. [R.] Sterne.

Impromptu

Im*promp"tu (?), adv. ∨ a. [F. impromptu, fr. L. in promptu in readiness, at hand; in in + promptus visibility, readiness, from promptus visible, ready. See Prompt.] Offhand; without previous study; extemporaneous; extempore; as, an impromptu verse.

Impromptu

Im*promp"tu, n.

1. Something made or done offhand, at the moment, or without previous study; an extemporaneous composition, address, or remark.

2. (Mus.) A piece composed or played at first thought; a composition in the style of an extempore piece.

Improper

Im*prop"er (?), a. [F. impropre, L. improprius; pref. im- not + proprius proper. See Proper.]

1. Not proper; not suitable; not fitted to the circumstances, design, or end; unfit; not becoming; incongruous; inappropriate; indecent; as, an improper medicine; improper thought, behavior, language, dress.

Follow'd his enemy king, and did him service, Improper for a slave. Shak.
And to their proper operation still, Ascribe all Good; to their improper, Ill. Pope.

2. Not peculiar or appropriate to individuals; general; common. [Obs.]

Not to be adorned with any art but such improper ones as nature is said to bestow, as singing and poetry. J. Fletcher.

3. Not according to facts; inaccurate; erroneous. Improper diphthong. See under Diphthong. -- Improper feud, an originalfeud, not earned by military service. Mozley & W. -- Improper fraction. See under Fraction.

Improper

Im*prop"er, v. t. To appropriate; to limit. [Obs.]
He would in like manner improper and inclose the sunbeams to comfort the rich and not the poor. Jewel.

Improperation

Im*prop`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. improperare, improperatum, to taunt.] The act of upbraiding or taunting; a reproach; a taunt. [Obs.]
Improperatios and terms of scurrility. Sir T. Browne

Improperia

Im`pro*pe"ri*a (?), n. pl. [L., reproaches.] (Mus.) A series of antiphons and responses, expressing the sorrowful remonstrance of our Lord with his people; -- sung on the morning of the Good Friday in place of the usual daily Mass of the Roman ritual. Grove.

Improperly

Im*prop"er*ly (?), adv. In an improper manner; not properly; unsuitably; unbecomingly.

Improperty

Im*prop"er*ty (?), n. Impropriety. [Obs.]

Impropitious

Im`pro*pi"tious (?), a. Unpropitious; unfavorable. [Obs.] "Dreams were impropitious." Sir H. Wotton.

Improportionable

Im`pro*por"tion*a*ble (?), a. Not proportionable. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Improportionate

Im`pro*por"tion*ate (?), a. Not proportionate. [Obs.]

Impropriate

Im*pro"pri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impropriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impropriating (?).] [Pref. im- in + L. propriatus, p. p. of propriare to appropriate. See Appropriate.]

1. To appropriate to one's self; to assume. [Obs.]

To impropriate the thanks to himself. Bacon.

2. (Eng. Eccl. Law) To place the profits of (ecclesiastical property) in the hands of a layman for care and disbursement.

Impropriate

Im*pro"pri*ate, v. i. To become an impropriator. [R.]

Impropriate

Im*pro"pri*ate (?), a. (Eng. Eccl. Law) Put into the hands of a layman; impropriated.

Impropriation

Im*pro`pri*a"tion (?), n.

1. The act of impropriating; as, the impropriation of property or tithes; also, that which is impropriated.

2. (Eng. Eccl. Law) (a) The act of putting an ecclesiastical benefice in the hands of a layman, or lay corporation. (b) A benefice in the hands of a layman, or of a lay corporation.

Impropriator

Im*pro"pri*a`tor (?), n. One who impropriates; specifically, a layman in possession of church property.

Impropriatrix

Im*pro`pri*a"trix (?), n.; pl. E. -trixes, L. -trices (. A female impropriator.

Impropriety

Im`pro*pri"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Improprieties (#). [L. improprietas; cf. F. impropri\'82t\'82. See Improper.]

1. The quality of being improper; unfitness or unsuitableness to character, time place, or circumstances; as, improperiety of behavior or manners.

2. That which is improper; an unsuitable or improper act, or an inaccurate use of language.

But every language has likewise its improprieties and absurdities. Johnson.
Many gross improprieties, however authorized by practice, ought to be discarded. Swift.

Improsperity

Im`pros*per"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. improsp\'82rit\'82.] Want of prosperity. [Obs.]

Improsperous

Im*pros"per*ous (?), a. [Pref. im- not + prosperous: cf. F. improsp\'8are, L. improsper.] Not prosperous. [Obs.] Dryden. -- Im*pros"per*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Im*pros"per*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

Improvability

Im*prov`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being improvable; improvableness.

Improvable

Im*prov"a*ble (?), a. [From Improve.]

1. Capable of being improved; susceptible of improvement; admitting of being made better; capable of cultivation, or of being advanced in good qualities.

Man is accommodated with moral principles, improvable by the exercise of his faculties. Sir M. Hale.
I have a fine spread of improvable lands. Addison.

2. Capable of being used to advantage; profitable; serviceable; advantageous.

The essays of weaker heads afford improvable hints to better. Sir T. Browne.
-- Im*pro"a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*prov"a*bly, adv.

Improve

Im*prove" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- not + prove: cf. L. improbare, F. improuver.]

1. To disprove or make void; to refute. [Obs.]

Neither can any of them make so strong a reason which another can not improve. Tyndale.

2. To disapprove; to find fault with; to reprove; to censure; as, to improve negligence. [Obs.] Chapman.

When he rehearsed his preachings and his doing unto the high apostles, they could improve nothing. Tyndale.

Improve

Im*prove", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Improved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Improving.] [Pref. in- in + prove, in approve. See Approve, Prove.]

1. To make better; to increase the value or good qualities of; to ameliorate by care or cultivation; as, to improve land. Donne.

I love not to improve the honor of the living by impairing that of the dead. Denham.

2. To use or employ to good purpose; to make productive; to turn to profitable account; to utilize; as, to improve one's time; to improve his means. Shak.

We shall especially honor God by improving diligently the talents which God hath committed to us. Barrow.
A hint that I do not remember to have seen opened and improved. Addison.
The court seldom fails to improve the oppotunity. Blackstone.
How doth the little busy bee Improve each shining hour. I. Watts.
Those moments were diligently improved. Gibbon.
True policy, as well as good faith, in my opinion, binds us to improve the occasion. Washington.

3. To advance or increase by use; to augment or add to; -- said with reference to what is bad. [R.]

We all have, I fear, . . . not a little improved the wretched inheritance of our ancestors. Bp. Porteus.
Syn. -- To better; meliorate; ameliorate; advance; heighten; mend; correct; recify; amend; reform.

Improve

Im*prove", v. i.

1. To grow better; to advance or make progress in what is desirable; to make or show improvement; as, to improve in health.

We take care to improve in our frugality and diligence. Atterbury.

2. To advance or progress in bad qualities; to grow worse. "Domitain improved in cruelty." Milner.

3. To increase; to be enhanced; to rise in value; as, the price of cotton improves. To improve on ∨ upon, to make useful additions or amendments to, or changes in; to bring nearer to perfection; as, to improve on the mode of tillage.

Improvement

Im*prove"ment (?), n.

1. The act of improving; advancement or growth; promotion in desirable qualities; progress toward what is better; melioration; as, the improvement of the mind, of land, roads, etc.

I look upon your city as the best place of improvement. South.
Exercise is the chief source of improvement in all our faculties. Blair.

2. The act of making profitable use or applicaton of anything, or the state of being profitably employed; a turning to good account; practical application, as of a doctrine, principle, or theory, stated in a discourse. "A good improvement of his reason." S. Clarke.

I shall make some improvement of this doctrine. Tillotson.

3. The state of being improved; betterment; advance; also, that which is improved; as, the new edition is an improvement on the old.

The parts of Sinon, Camilla, and some few others, are improvements on the Greek poet. Addison.

4. Increase; growth; progress; advance.

There is a design of publishing the history of architecture, with its several improvements and decays. Addison.
Those vices which more particularly receive improvement by prosperity. South.

5. pl. Valuable additions or betterments, as buildings, clearings, drains, fences, etc., on premises.

6. (Patent Laws) A useful addition to, or modification of, a machine, manufacture, or composition. Kent.

Improver

Im*prov"er (?), n. One who, or that which, improves.

Improvided

Im`pro*vid"ed (?), a. Unforeseen; unexpected; not provided against; unprepared. [Obs.]
All improvided for dread of death. E. Hall.

Improvidence

Im*prov"i*dence (?), n. [L. improvidentia; OF. improvidence. Cf. Imprudence.] The quality of being improvident; want of foresight or thrift.
The improvidence of my neighbor must not make me inhuman. L'Estrange.

Improvident

Im*prov"i*dent (?), a. [Pref. im- not + provident: cf. L. improvidus. See Provident, and cf. Imprudent.] Not provident; wanting foresight or forethought; not foreseeing or providing for the future; negligent; thoughtless; as, an improvident man.
Improvident soldires! had your watch been good, This sudden mischief never could have fallen. Shak.
Syn. -- Inconsiderable; negligent; careless; shiftless; prodigal; wasteful.

Improvidentially

Im*prov`i*den"tial*ly (?), adv. Improvidently. [R.]

Improvidently

Im*prov"i*dent*ly (?), adv. In a improvident manner. "Improvidently rash." Drayton.

Improving

Im*prov"ing (?), a. Tending to improve, beneficial; growing better. -- Im*prov"ing*ly, adv. Improving lease (Scots Law), an extend lease to induce the tenant to make improvements on the premises.

Improvisate

Im*prov"i*sate (?), a. [See Improvise.] Unpremeditated; impromptu; extempore. [R.]

Improvisate

Im*prov"i*sate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Improvisated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Improvisating (?).] To improvise; to extemporize.

Improvisation

Im*prov`i*sa"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. improvisation.]

1. The act or art of composing and rendering music, poetry, and the like, extemporaneously; as, improvisation on the organ.

2. That which is improvised; an impromptu.

Improvisatize

Im`pro*vis"a*tize (?), v. t. & i. Same as Improvisate.

Improvisator

Im*prov"i*sa`tor (?), n. An improviser, or improvvisatore.

Improvisatore

Im`pro*vi`sa*to"re (?), n. See Improvvisatore.

Improvisatorial, Improvisatory

Im*prov`i*sa*to"ri*al (?), Im*prov"i*sa*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to improvisation or extemporaneous composition.

Improvisatrice

Im`pro*vi`sa*tri"ce (?), n. See Improvvisatrice.

Improvise

Im`pro*vise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Improvised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Improvising.] [F. improviser, it. improvvisare, fr. improvviso unprovided, sudden, extempore, L. improvisus; pref. im- not + provisus foreseen, provided. See Proviso.]

1. To compose, recite, or sing extemporaneously, especially in verse; to extemporize; also, to play upon an instrument, or to act, extemporaneously.

2. To bring about, arrange, or make, on a sudden, or without previous preparation.

Charles attempted to improvise a peace. Motley.

3. To invent, or provide, offhand, or on the spur of the moment; as, he improvised a hammer out of a stone.

Improvise

Im`pro*vise", v. i. To produce or render extemporaneous compositions, especially in verse or in music, without previous preparation; hence, to do anything offhand.

Improviser

Im`pro*vis"er (?), n. One who improvises.

Improvision

Im`pro*vi"sion (?), n. [Pref. im- not + provision.] Improvidence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Improviso

Im`pro*vi"so (?), a. [L. improvisus unforeseen; cf. It. improvviso.] Not prepared or mediated beforehand; extemporaneous. [Obs.] Jonhson.

Improvvisatore

Im`prov*vi`sa*to"re (?), n.; pl. Improvvisatori (#). [It. See Improvise.] One who composes and sings or recites rhymes and short poems extemporaneously. [Written also improvisatore.]

Improvvisatrice

Im`prov*vi`sa*tri"ce (?), n.; pl. Improvvisatrici (#). [It. See Improvise.] A female improvvisatore. [Written also improvisatrice.]

Imprudence

Im*pru"dence (?), n. [L. imprudentia: cf. F. imprudence. Cf. Improvidence.] The quality or state of being imprudent; want to caution, circumspection, or a due regard to consequences; indiscretion; inconsideration; reshness; also, an imprudent act; as, he was guilty of an imprudence.
His serenity was interrupted, perhaps, by his own imprudence. Mickle.

Imprudent

Im*pru"dent (?), a. [L. imprudens; pref. im- not + prudens prudent: cf. F. imprudent. See Prudent, and cf. Improvident.] Not prudent; wanting in prudence or discretion; indiscreet; injudicious; not attentive to consequence; improper. -- Im*pru"dent*ly, adv.
Her majesty took a great dislike at the imprudent behavior of many of the ministers and readers. Strype.

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Syn. -- Indiscreet; injudicious; incautious; ill-advised; unwise; heedless; careless; rash; negligent.

Impuberal

Im*pu"ber*al (?), a. Not having arrived at puberty; immature.
In impuberal animals the cerebellum is, in proportion to the brain proper, greatly less than in adults. Sir W. Hamilton.

Impuberty

Im*pu"ber*ty (?), n. The condition of not having reached puberty, or the age of ability to reproduce one's species; want of age at which the marriage contract can be legally entered into.

Impudence

Im"pu*dence (?), n. [L. impudentia: cf. F. impudence. See Impudent.] The quality of being impudent; assurance, accompanied with a disregard of the presence or opinions of others; shamelessness; forwardness; want of modesty.
Clear truths that their own evidence forces us to admit, or common experience makes it impudence to deny. Locke.
Where pride and impudence (in fashion knit) Usurp the chair of wit. B. Jonson.
Syn. -- Shamelessness; audacity; insolence; effrontery; sauciness; impertinence; pertness; rudeness. -- Impudence, Effrontery, Sauciness. Impudence refers more especially to the feelings as manifested in action. Effrontery applies to some gross and public exhibition of shamelessness. Sauciness refers to a sudden pert outbreak of impudence, especially from an inferior. Impudence is an unblushing kind of impertinence, and may be manifested in words, tones, gestures, looks, etc. Effrontery rises still higher, and shows a total or shameless disregard of duty or decorum under the circumstances of the case. Sauciness discovers itself toward particular individuals, in certain relations; as in the case of servants who are saucy to their masters, or children who are saucy to their teachers. See Impertinent, and Insolent.

Impudency

Im"pu*den*cy (?), n. Impudence. [Obs.] Burton.
Audacious without impudency. Shak.

Impudent

Im"pu*dent (?), a. [L. impudens, -entis; pref. im- not + pudens ashamed, modest, p. pr. of pudere to feel shame: cf. F. impudent.] Bold, with contempt or disregard; unblushingly forward; impertinent; wanting modesty; shameless; saucy.
More than impudent sauciness. Shak.
When we behold an angel, not to fear Is to be impudent. Dryden.
Syn. -- Shameless; audacious; brazen; bold-faced; pert; immodest; rude; saucy; impertinent; insolent.

Impudently

Im"pu*dent*ly, adv. In an impudent manner; with unbecoming assurance; shamelessly.
At once assail With open mouths, and impudently rail. Sandys.

Impudicity

Im`pu*dic"i*ty (?), n. [L. impudicus immodest; im- not + pudicus shamefaced, modest: cf. F. impudicit\'82, L. impudicitia.] Immodesty. Sheldon.

Impugn

Im*pugn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impugned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impugning.] [OE. impugnen, F. impugner, fr. L. impugnare; in on, against + pugnare to flight. See Pugnacious.] To attack by words or arguments; to contradict; to assail; to call in question; to make insinuations against; to gainsay; to oppose.
The truth hereof I will net rashly pugn, or overboldly affirm. Peacham.

Impugnable

Im*pugn"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being impugned; that may be gainsaid.

Impugnation

Im`pug*na"tion (?), n. [L. impugnatio: cf. OF. impugnation.] Act of impugning; opposition; attack. [Obs.]
A perpetual impugnation and self-conflict. Bp. Hall.

Impugner

Im*pugn"er (?), n. One who impugns.

Impugnment

Im*pugn"ment (?), n. The act of impugning, or the state of being impugned. Ed. Rev.

Impuissance

Im*pu"is*sance (?), n. [Cf. F. impuissance.] Lack of power; inability. Bacon.
Their own impuissance and weakness. Holland.

Impuissant

Im*pu"is*sant (?), a. [F., fr. pref. im- not + puissant. See Puissant.] Weak; impotent; feeble.

Impulse

Im"pulse (?), n. [L. impulsus, fr. impellere. See Impel.]

1. The act of impelling, or driving onward with sudden force; impulsion; especially, force so communicated as to produced motion suddenly, or immediately.

All spontaneous animal motion is performed by mechanical impulse. S. Clarke.

2. The effect of an impelling force; motion produced by a sudden or momentary force.

3. (Mech.) The action of a force during a very small interval of time; the effect of such action; as, the impulse of a sudden blow upon a hard elastic body.

4. A mental force which simply and directly urges to action; hasty inclination; sudden motive; momentary or transient influence of appetite or passion; propension; incitement; as, a man of good impulses; passion often gives a violent impulse to the will.

These were my natural impulses for the undertaking. Dryden.
Syn. -- Force; incentive; influence; motive; feeling; incitement; instigation.

Impulse

Im*pulse" (?), v. t. [See Impel.] To impel; to incite. [Obs.] Pope.

Impulsion

Im*pul"sion (?), n. [L. impulsio: cf. F. impulsion. See Impel.]

1. The act of impelling or driving onward, or the state of being impelled; the sudden or momentary agency of a body in motion on another body; also, the impelling force, or impulse. "The impulsion of the air." Bacon.

2. Influence acting unexpectedly or temporarily on the mind; sudden motive or influence; impulse. "The impulsion of conscience." Clarendon. "Divine impulsion prompting." Milton.

Impulsive

Im*pul"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. impulsif.]

1. Having the power of driving or impelling; giving an impulse; moving; impellent.

Poor men! poor papers! We and they Do some impulsive force obey. Prior.

2. Actuated by impulse or by transient feelings.

My heart, impulsive and wayward. Longfellow.

3. (Mech.) Acting momentarily, or by impulse; not continuous; -- said of forces.

Impulsive

Im*pul"sive (?), n. That which impels or gives an impulse; an impelling agent. Sir W. Wotton.

Impulsively

Im*pul"sive*ly, adv. In an impulsive manner.

Impulsiveness

Im*pul"sive*ness, n. The quality of being impulsive.

Impulsor

Im*pul"sor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, impels; an inciter. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Impunctate

Im*punc"tate (?), a. Not punctuate or dotted.

Impunctual

Im*punc"tu*al (?), a. [Pref. im- not + punctual: cf. F. imponctuel.] Not punctual. [R.]

Impunctuality

Im*punc`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. Neglect of, or failure in, punctuality. [R.] A. Hamilton.

Impune

Im*pune" (?), a. [L. impunis.] Unpunished. [R.]

Impunibly

Im*pu"ni*bly (?), adv. Without punishment; with impunity. [Obs.] J. Ellis.

Impunity

Im*pu"ni*ty (?), n. [L. impunitas, fr. impunis without punishment; pref. im- not + poena punishment: cf. F. impunit\'82. See Pain.] Exemption or freedom from punishment, harm, or loss.
The impunity and also the recompense. Holland.

Impuration

Im`pu*ra"tion (?), n. Defilement; obscuration. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Impure

Im*pure" (?), a. [L. impurus; pref. im- not + purus pure: cf. F. impur. See Pure.]

1. Not pure; not clean; dirty; foul; filthy; containing something which is unclean or unwholesome; mixed or impregnated extraneous substances; adulterated; as, impure water or air; impure drugs, food, etc.

2. Defiled by sin or guilt; unholy; unhallowed; -- said of persons or things.

3. Unchaste; lewd; unclean; obscene; as, impure language or ideas. "Impure desires." Cowper.

4. (Script.) Not purified according to the ceremonial law of Moses; unclean.

5. (Language) Not accurate; not idiomatic; as, impure Latin; an impure style.

Impure

Im*pure", v. t. To defile; to pollute. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Impurely

Im*pure"ly, adv. In an impure manner.

Impureness

Im*pure"ness, n. The quality or condition of being impure; impurity. Milton.

Impurity

Im*pu"ri*ty (?), n.; pl. Impurities (#). [L. impuritas: cf. F. impuret\'82.]

1. The condition or quality of being impure in any sense; defilement; foulness; adulteration.

Profaneness, impurity, or scandal, is not wit. Buckminster.

2. That which is, or which renders anything, impure; foul matter, action, language, etc.; a foreign ingredient.

Foul impurities reigned among the monkish clergy. Atterbury.

3. (Script.) Want of ceremonial purity; defilement.

Impurple

Im*pur"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impurpled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impurpling (?).] [Pref. im- in + purple. Cf. Empurple.] To color or tinge with purple; to make red or reddish; to purple; as, a field impurpled with blood.
Impurpled with celestial roses, smiled. Milton.
The silken fleece impurpled for the loom. Pope.

Inputability

In*put`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being imputable; imputableness.

Imputable

Im*put"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. imputable.]

1. That may be imputed; capable of being imputed; chargeable; ascribable; attributable; referable.

A prince whose political vices, at least, were imputable to mental incapacity. Prescott.

2. Accusable; culpable. [R.]

The fault lies at his door, and she is no wise imputable. Ayliffe.

Imputableness

Im*put"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being imputable.

Imputably

Im*put"a*bly, adv. By imputation.

Imputation

Im`pu*ta"tion (?), [L. imputatio an account, a charge: cf. F. imputation.]

1. The act of imputing or charging; attribution; ascription; also, anything imputed or charged.

Shylock. Antonio is a good man. Bassanio. Have you heard any imputation to the contrary? Shak.
If I had a suit to Master Shallow, I would humor his men with the imputation of being near their master. Shak.

2. Charge or attribution of evil; censure; reproach; insinuation.

Let us be careful to guard ourselves against these groundless imputation of our enemies. Addison.

3. (Theol.) A setting of something to the account of; the attribution of personal guilt or personal righteousness of another; as, the imputation of the sin of Adam, or the righteousness of Christ.

4. Opinion; intimation; hint.

Imputative

Im*put"a*tive (?), a. [L. imputativus: cf. F. imputatif.] Transferred by imputation; that may be imputed. -- Im*put"a*tive*ly, adv.
Actual righteousness as well as imputative. Bp. Warburton.

Impute

Im*pute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imputed; p. pr. & vb. n. Imputing.] [F. imputer, L. imputare to bring into the reckoning, charge, impute; pref. im- in + putare to reckon, think. See Putative.]

1. To charge; to ascribe; to attribute; to set to the account of; to charge to one as the author, responsible originator, or possessor; -- generally in a bad sense.

Nor you, ye proud, impute to these the fault, If memory o'er their tomb no trophies raise. Gray.
One vice of a darker shade was imputed to him -- envy. Macaulay.

2. (Theol.) To adjudge as one's own (the sin or righteousness) of another; as, the righteousness of Christ is imputed to us.

It was imputed to him for righteousness. Rom. iv. 22.
They merit Imputed shall absolve them who renounce Their own, both righteous and unrighteous deeds. Milton.

3. To take account of; to consider; to regard. [R.]

If we impute this last humiliation as the cause of his death. Gibbon.
Syn. -- To ascribe; attribute; charge; reckon; consider; imply; insinuate; refer. See Ascribe.

Imputer

Im*put"er (?), n. One who imputes.

Imputrescible

Im`pu*tres"ci*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- + putrescible: cf. F. imputrescible.] Not putrescible.

Imrigh

Im"righ (?), n. [Scot.; Gael. chicken soup.] A peculiar strong soup or broth, made in Scotland. [Written also imrich.]

In-

In- (?). [See In, prep. Cf. Em-, En-.] A prefix from Eng. prep. in, also from Lat. prep. in, meaning in, into, on, among; as, inbred, inborn, inroad; incline, inject, intrude. In words from the Latin, in- regularly becomes il- before l, ir- before r, and im- before a labial; as, illusion, irruption, imblue, immigrate, impart. In- is sometimes used with an simple intensive force.

In-

In- (?). [L. in-; akin to E. un-. See Un-.] An inseparable prefix, or particle, meaning not, non-, un- as, inactive, incapable, inapt. In- regularly becomes il- before l, ir- before r, and im- before a labial.

-in

-in. A suffix. See the Note under -ine.

In

In, prep. [AS. in; akin to D. & G. in, Icel. \'c6, Sw. & Dan. i, OIr. & L. in, Gr. In-, Inn.] The specific signification of in is situation or place with respect to surrounding, environment, encompassment, etc. It is used with verbs signifying being, resting, or moving within limits, or within circumstances or conditions of any kind conceived of as limiting, confining, or investing, either wholly or in part. In its different applications, it approaches some of the meanings of, and sometimes is interchangeable with, within, into, on, at, of, and among. It is used: --

1. With reference to space or place; as, he lives in Boston; he traveled in Italy; castles in the air.

The babe lying in a manger. Luke ii. 16.
Thy sun sets weeping in the lowly west. Shak.
Situated in the forty-first degree of latitude. Gibbon.
Matter for censure in every page. Macaulay.

2. With reference to circumstances or conditions; as, he is in difficulties; she stood in a blaze of light. "Fettered in amorous chains." Shak.

Wrapt in sweet sounds, as in bright veils. Shelley.

3. With reference to a whole which includes or comprises the part spoken of; as, the first in his family; the first regiment in the army.

Nine in ten of those who enter the ministry. Swift.

4. With reference to physical surrounding, personal states, etc., abstractly denoted; as, I am in doubt; the room is in darkness; to live in fear.

When shall we three meet again, In thunder, lightning, or in rain? Shak.

5. With reference to character, reach, scope, or influence considered as establishing a limitation; as, to be in one's favor. "In sight of God's high throne." Milton.

Sounds inharmonious in themselves, and harsh. Cowper.

6. With reference to movement or tendency toward a certain limit or environment; -- sometimes equivalent to into; as, to put seed in the ground; to fall in love; to end in death; to put our trust in God.

He would not plunge his brother in despair. Addison.
She had no jewels to deposit in their caskets. Fielding.

7. With reference to a limit of time; as, in an hour; it happened in the last century; in all my life. In as much as, ∨ Inasmuch as, in the degree that; in like manner as; in consideration that; because that; since. See Synonym of Because, and cf. For as much as, under For, prep. -- In that, because; for the reason that. "Some things they do in that they are men . . . ; some things in that they are men misled and blinded with error." Hooker. -- In the name of, in behalf of; on the part of; by authority; as, it was done in the name of the people; -- often used in invocation, swearing, praying, and the like. -- To be in for it. (a) To be in favor of a thing; to be committed to a course. (b) To be unable to escape from a danger, penalty, etc. [Colloq.] -- To be (∨ keep) in with. (a) To be close or near; as, to keep a ship in with the land. (b) To be on terms of friendship, familiarity, or intimacy with; to secure and retain the favor of. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Into; within; on; at. See At.

In

In, adv.

1. Not out; within; inside. In, the preposition, becomes an adverb by omission of its object, leaving it as the representative of an adverbial phrase, the context indicating what the omitted object is; as, he takes in the situation (i. e., he comprehends it in his mind); the Republicans were in (i. e., in office); in at one ear and out at the other (i. e., in or into the head); his side was in (i. e., in the turn at the bat); he came in (i. e., into the house).

Their vacation . . . falls in so pat with ours. Lamb.
&hand; The sails of a vessel are said, in nautical language, to be in when they are furled, or when stowed. In certain cases in has an adjectival sense; as, the in train (i. e., the incoming train); compare up grade, down grade, undertow, afterthought, etc.

2. (Law) With privilege or possession; -- used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin; as, in by descent; in by purchase; in of the seisin of her husband. Burrill. In and in breeding. See under Breeding. -- In and out (Naut.), through and through; -- said of a through bolt in a ship's side. Knight. -- To be in, to be at home; as, Mrs. A. is in. -- To come in. See under Come.

In

In, n. [Usually in the plural.]

1. One who is in office; -- the opposite of out.

2. A re\'89ntrant angle; a nook or corner. Ins and outs, nooks and corners; twists and turns.<-- (b) (with "of") the peculiarities or technicalities (of a subject) -->

All the ins and outs of this neighborhood. D. Jerrold.

Page 741

In

In (?), v. t. To inclose; to take in; to harvest. [Obs.]
He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to in the crop. Shak.

Inability

In`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + ability: cf. F. inhabilet\'82. See Able, and cf. Unable.] The quality or state of being unable; lack of ability; want of sufficient power, strength, resources, or capacity.
It is not from an inability to discover what they ought to do, that men err in practice. Blair.
Syn. -- Impotence; incapacity; incompetence; weakness; powerlessness; incapability. See Disability.

Inable

In*a"ble (?), v. t. See Enable.

Inablement

In*a"ble*ment (?), n. See Enablement. [Obs.]

Inabstinence

In*ab"sti*nence (?), n. [Pref. in- not + abstinence: cf. F. inabstinence.] Want of abstinence; indulgence. [Obs.] "The inabstinence of Eve." Milton.

Inabstracted

In`ab*stract"ed (?), a. Not abstracted.

Inabusively

In`a*bu"sive*ly (?), adv. Without abuse.

Inaccessibility

In`ac*cess`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inaccessibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being inaccessible; inaccessibleness. "The inaccessibility of the precipice." Bp. Butler.

Inaccessible

In`ac*cess"i*ble (?), a. [L. inaccessibilis: cf. F. inaccessible. See In- not, and Accessible.] Not accessible; not to be reached, obtained, or approached; as, an inaccessible rock, fortress, document, prince, etc. -- In`ac*cess"i*ble*ness, n. -- In`ac*cess"i*bly, adv.

Inaccordant

In`ac*cord"ant (?), a. Not accordant; discordant.

Inaccuracy

In*ac"cu*ra*cy (?), n.; pl. Inaccuracies (.

1. The quality of being inaccurate; want of accuracy or exactness.

2. That which is inaccurate or incorrect; mistake; fault; defect; error; as, in inaccuracy in speech, copying, calculation, etc.

Inaccurate

In*ac"cu*rate (?), a. Not accurate; not according to truth; inexact; incorrect; erroneous; as, in inaccurate man, narration, copy, judgment, calculation, etc.
The expression is plainly inaccurate. Bp. Hurd.
Syn. -- Inexact; incorrect; erroneous; faulty; imperfect; incomplete; defective.

Inaccurately

In*ac"cu*rate*ly, adv. In an inaccurate manner; incorrectly; inexactly.

Inacquaintance

In`ac*quaint"ance (?), a. Want of acquaintance. Good.

Inacquiescent

In*ac`qui*es"cent (?), a. Not acquiescent or acquiescing.

Inaction

In*ac"tion (?), n. [Pref. in. not + action: cf. inaction.] Want of action or activity; forbearance from labor; idleness; rest; inertness. Berkeley.

Inactive

In*ac"tive (?), a. [Pref. in- not + active: cf. F. inactif.]

1. Not active; having no power to move; that does not or can not produce results; inert; as, matter is, of itself, inactive.

2. Not disposed to action or effort; not diligent or industrious; not busy; idle; as, an inactive officer.

3. (Chem. & Opt.) Not active; inert; esp., not exhibiting any action or activity on polarized light; optically neutral; -- said of isomeric forms of certain substances, in distinction from other forms which are optically active; as, racemic acid is an inactive tartaric acid. Syn. -- Inert; dull; sluggish; idle; indolent; slothful; lazy. See Inert.

Inactively

In*ac"tive*ly, adv. In an inactive manner. Locke.

Inactivity

In`ac*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inactivit\'82.]

1. The state or quality of being inactive; inertness; as, the inactivity of matter.

2. Idleness; habitual indisposition to action or exertion; want of energy; sluggishness.

The gloomy inactivity of despair. Cook.

Inactose

In*ac"tose (?), n. (Chem.) A variety of sugar, found in certain plants. It is optically inactive.

Inactuate

In*ac"tu*ate (?), v. t. To put in action. [Obs.]

Inactuation

In*ac`tu*a"tion (?), n. Operation. [Obs.]

Inadaptation

In*ad`ap*ta"tion (?), n. Want of adaptation; unsuitableness.

Inadequacy

In*ad"e*qua*cy (?), n. [From Inadequate.] The quality or state of being inadequate or insufficient; defectiveness; insufficiency; inadequateness.
The inadequacy and consequent inefficacy of the alleged causes. Dr. T. Dwight.

Inadequate

In*ad"e*quate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + adequate: cf. F. inad\'82quat.] Not adequate; unequal to the purpose; insufficient; deficient; as, inadequate resources, power, conceptions, representations, etc. Dryden. -- In*ad"e*quate*ly, adv. -- In*ad"e*quate*ness, n.

Inadequation

In*ad`e*qua"tion (?), n. Want of exact correspondence. [Obs.] Puller.

Inadherent

In`ad*her"ent (?), a.

1. Not adhering.

2. (Bot.) Free; not connected with the other organs.

Inadhesion

In`ad*he"sion (?), n. Want of adhesion.

Inadmissibility

In`ad*mis`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inadmissibilit\'82.] The state or quality of being inadmissible, or not to be received.

Inadmissible

In`ad*mis"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + admissible: cf. F. inadmissible.] Not admissible; not proper to be admitted, allowed, or received; as, inadmissible testimony; an inadmissible proposition, or explanation. -- In`ad*mis"si*bly, adv.

Inadvertence; pl. -ces , Inadvertency

In`ad*vert"ence (?); pl. -ces (, In`ad*vert"en*cy (?); pl. -cies (, n. [Cf. F. inadvertance.]

1. The quality of being inadvertent; lack of heedfulness or attentiveness; inattention; negligence; as, many mistakes proceed from inadvertence.

Inadvertency, or want of attendance to the sense and intention of our prayers. Jer. Taylor.

2. An effect of inattention; a result of carelessness; an oversight, mistake, or fault from negligence.

The productions of a great genius, with many lapses an inadvertencies, are infinitely preferable to works of an inferior kind of author which are scrupulously exact. Addison.
Syn. -- Inattention; heedlessness; carelessness; negligence; thoughtlessness. See Inattention.

Inadvertent

In`ad*vert"ent (?), a. [Cf. F. inadvertant. See 2d In-, and Advert.] Not turning the mind to a matter; heedless; careless; negligent; inattentive.
An inadvertent step may crush the snail That crawls at evening in the public path. Cowper.
-- In`ad*vert"ent*ly, adv.

Inadvisable

In`ad*vis"a*ble (?), a. Not advisable. -- In`ad*vis"a*ble*ness, n.

Inaffability

In*af`fa*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inaffabilit\'82.] Want of affability or sociability; reticence.

Inaffable

In*af"fa*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + affable.] Not affable; reserved in social intercourse.

Inaffectation

In*af`fec*ta"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + affectation: cf. F. inaffectation.] Freedom from affectation; naturalness. [R.]

Inaffected

In`af*fect"ed (?), a. Unaffected. [Obs.] -- In`af*fect"ed*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Inaidable

In*aid"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being assisted; helpless. [R.] Shak.

Inalienability

In*al`ien*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being inalienable.

Inalienable

In*al"ien*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + alienable: cf. F. inali\'82nable.] Incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred to another; not alienable; as, in inalienable birthright.

Inalienableness

In*al"ien*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inalienable; inalienability.

Inalienably

In*al"ien*a*bly, adv. In a manner that forbids alienation; as, rights inalienably vested.

Inalimental

In*al`i*men"tal (?), a. Affording no aliment or nourishment. [Obs.] Bacon.

Inalterability

In*al`ter*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inalt\'82rabilit\'82.] The quality of being unalterable or unchangeable; permanence.

Inalterable

In*al"ter*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + alterable: cf. F. inalt\'82rable.] Not alterable; incapable of being altered or changed; unalterable. -- In*al"ter*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*al"ter*a*bly, adv.

Inamiable

In*a"mi*a*ble (?), a. Unamiable. [Obs.] -- In*a"mi*a*ble*ness, n. [Obs.]

Inamissible

In`a*mis"si*ble (?), a. [L. inamissibilis: cf. F. inamissible.] Incapable of being lost. [R.] Hammond. -- In`a*mis"si*ble*ness, n. [R.]

Inamorata

In*a`mo*ra"ta (?), n. [It. innamorata, fem., innamorato, masc., p. p. of innamorare to inspire with love. See Enamor.] A woman in love; a mistress. "The fair inamorata." Sherburne.

Inamorate

In*am"o*rate (?), a. Enamored. Chapman. -- In*am"o*rate*ly, adv. [R.]

Inamorato

In*a`mo*ra"to (?), n.; pl. Inamoratos (#). [See Inamorata.] A male lover.

Inamovable

In`a*mov"a*ble (?), a. Not amovable or removable. [R.] Palgrave.

In-and-in

In"-and-in" (?), n. An old game played with four dice. In signified a doublet, or two dice alike; in-and-in, either two doubles, or the four dice alike.

In and an

In and an, a. & adv. Applied to breeding from a male and female of the same parentage. See under Breeding.

Inane

In*ane" (?), a. [L. inanis.] Without contents; empty; void of sense or intelligence; purposeless; pointless; characterless; useless. "Vague and inane instincts." I. Taylor. -- In*ane"ly, adv.

Inane

In*ane", n. That which is void or empty. [R.]
The undistinguishable inane of infinite space. Locke.

Inangular

In*an"gu*lar (?), a. Not angular. [Obs.]

Inaniloquent, Inaniloquous

In`a*nil"o*quent (?), In`a*nil"o*quous (?), a. [L. inanis empty + loqui to speak.] Given to talking inanely; loquacious; garrulous. [R.]

Inanimate

In*an"i*mate (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in (or intensively) + animate.] To animate. [Obs.] Donne.

Inanimate

In*an"i*mate (?), a. [L. inanimatus; pref. in- not + animatus animate.] Not animate; destitute of life or spirit; lifeless; dead; inactive; dull; as, stones and earth are inanimate substances.
Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves. Byron.
Syn. -- Lifeless; dead; inert; inactive; dull; soulless; spiritless. See Lifeless.

Inanimated

In*an"i*ma`ted (?), a. Destitute of life; lacking animation; unanimated. Pope.

Inanimateness

In*an"i*mate*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being inanimate.
The deadness and inanimateness of the subject. W. Montagu.

Inanimation

In*an`i*ma"tion (?), n. [See 2d Inanimate.] Want of animation; lifeless; dullness.

Inanimation

In*an`i*ma"tion, n. [See 1st Inanimate.] Infusion of life or vigor; animation; inspiration. [Obs.]
The inanimation of Christ living and breathing within us. Bp. Hall.

Inanitiate

In`a*ni"ti*ate (?), v. t. To produce inanition in; to exhaust for want of nourishment. [R.]

Inanitiation

In`a*ni`ti*a"tion (?), n. Inanition. [R.]

Inanition

In`a*ni"tion (?), n. [F. inanition, L. inanitio emptiness, fr. inanire to empty, fr. inanis empty. Cf. Inane.] The condition of being inane; emptiness; want of fullness, as in the vessels of the body; hence, specifically, exhaustion from want of food, either from partial or complete starvation, or from a disorder of the digestive apparatus, producing the same result.
Feeble from inanition, inert from weariness. Landor.
Repletion and inanition may both do harm in two contrary extremes. Burton.

Inanity

In*an"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Inanities (#). [L. inanitas, fr. inanis empty: cf. F. inanit\'82. See Inane.]

1. Inanition; void space; vacuity; emptiness.

2. Want of seriousness; aimlessness; frivolity.

3. An inane, useless thing or pursuit; a vanity; a silly object; -- chiefly in pl.; as, the inanities of the world.

Inantherate

In*an"ther*ate (?), a. (Bot.) Not bearing anthers; -- said of sterile stamens.

In antis

In an"tis (?). [L.] (Arch.) Between ant\'91; -- said of a portico in classical style, where columns are set between two ant\'91, forming the angles of the building. See Anta.

Inapathy

In*ap"a*thy (?), n. Sensibility; feeling; -- opposed to apathy. [R.]

Inappealable

In`ap*peal"a*ble (?), a. Not admitting of appeal; not appealable. Coleridge.

Inappeasable

In`ap*peas"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being appeased or satisfied; unappeasable.

Inappellability

In`ap*pel`la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inappellable; finality.
The inappellability of the councils. Coleridge.

Inappellable

In`ap*pel"la*ble (?), a. Inappealable; final.

Inappetence, Inappetency

In*ap"pe*tence (?), In*ap"pe*ten*cy (?), n. [Pref. in- not + appetence: cf. F. inapp\'82tence.] Want of appetency; want of desire.

Inapplicability

In*ap`pli*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inapplicabilit\'82.] The quality of being inapplicable; unfitness; inapplicableness.

Inapplicable

In*ap"pli*ca*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + applicable.] Not applicable; incapable of being applied; not adapted; not suitable; as, the argument is inapplicable to the case. J. S. Mill. Syn. -- Unsuitable; unsuited; unadapted; inappropriate; inapposite; irrelevant. -- In*ap"pli*ca*ble*ness, n. -- In*ap"pli*ca*bly, adv.

Inapplication

In*ap`pli*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + application: cf. F. inapplication.] Want of application, attention, or diligence; negligence; indolence.

Inapposite

In*ap"po*site (?), a. Not apposite; not fit or suitable; not pertinent. -- In*ap"po*site*ly, adv.

Inappreciable

In`ap*pre"ci*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + appreciable: cf. F. inappr\'82ciable.] Not appreciable; too small to be perceived; incapable of being duly valued or estimated. Hallam.

Inappreciation

In`ap*pre"ci*a"tion (?), n. Want of appreciation.

Inapprehensible

In*ap`pre*hen"si*ble (?), a. [L. inapprehensibilis: cf. F. inappr\'82hensible.] Not apprehensible; unintelligible; inconceivable. Milton.

Inapprehension

In*ap`pre*hen"sion (?), n. Want of apprehension.

Inapprehensive

In*ap`pre*hen"sive (?), a. Not apprehensive; regardless; unconcerned. Jer. Taylor.

Inapproachable

In`ap*proach"a*ble (?), a. Not approachable; unapproachable; inaccessible; unequaled. -- In`ap*proach"a*bly, adv.

Inappropriate

In`ap*pro"pri*ate (?), a. Not instrument (to); not appropriate; unbecoming; unsuitable; not specially fitted; -- followed by to or for. -- In`ap*pro"pri*ate*ly, adv. -- In`ap*pro"pri*ate*ness, n.

Inapt

In*apt" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + apt: cf. F. inapte. Cf. Inept.] Unapt; not apt; unsuitable; inept. -- In*apt"ly, adv. -- In*apt"ness, n.

Inaptitude

In*apt"i*tude (?), n. [In- + aptitude: cf. F. inaptitude. Cf. In.] Want of aptitude.

Inaquate

In*a"quate (?), a. [L. inaquatus, p. p. of inaquare to make into water; pref. in- in + aqua water.] Embodied in, or changed into, water. [Obs.] Cranmer.

Inaquation

In`a*qua"tion (?), n. The state of being inaquate. [Obs.] Bp. Gardiner.

Inarable

In*ar"a*ble (?), a. Not arable. [R.]

Inarch

In*arch" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inarched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inarching.] To graft by uniting, as a scion, to a stock, without separating either from its root before the union is complete; -- also called to graft by approach. P. Miler.

Inarching

In*arch"ing, n. A method of ingrafting. See Inarch.

Inarticulate

In`ar*tic"u*late (?), a. [L. inarticulatus; pref. in- not + articulatus articulate.]

1. Not uttered with articulation or intelligible distinctness, as speech or words.

Music which is inarticulate poesy. Dryden.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Not jointed or articulated; having no distinct body segments; as, an inarticulate worm. (b) Without a hinge; -- said of an order (Inarticulata or Ecardines) of brachiopods.

3. Incapable of articulating. [R.]

The poor earl, who is inarticulate with palsy. Walpole.
<-- 4. incapable of expressing one's ideas or feelings clearly. -->

Inarticulated

In`ar*tic"u*la`ted (?), a. Not articulated; not jointed or connected by a joint.

Inarticulately

In`ar*tic"u*late*ly (?), adv. In an inarticulate manner. Hammond.

Inarticulateness

In`ar*tic"u*late*ness, n. The state or quality of being inarticulate.

Inarticulation

In`ar*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inarticulation.] Inarticulateness. Chesterfield.

Inartificial

In*ar`ti*fi"cial (?), a. [Pref. in- not + artificial: cf. F. inartificiel.] Not artificial; not made or elaborated by art; natural; simple; artless; as, an inartificial argument; an inartificial character. -- In*ar`ti*fi"cial*ly, adv. -- In*ar`ti*fi"cial*ness, n.

Inasmuch

In`as*much" (?), adv. [In + as + much.] In like degree; in like manner; seeing that; considering that; since; -- followed by as. See In as much as, under In, prep.
Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me. Matt. xxv. 45.Syn. -- Because; since; for; as. See Because.

Inattention

In`at*ten"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + attention: cf. F. inattention.] Want of attention, or failure to pay attention; disregard; heedlessness; neglect.
Novel lays attract our ravished ears; But old, the mind inattention hears. Pope.
Syn. -- Inadvertence; heedlessness; negligence; carelessness; disregard; remissness; thoughtlessness; neglect. -- Inattention, Inadvertence. We miss seeing a thing through inadvertence when do not happen to look at it; through inattention when we give no heed to it, though directly before us. The latter is therefore the worse. Inadvertence may be an involuntary accident; inattention is culpable neglect. A versatile mind is often inadvertent; a careless or stupid one is inattentive.
Page 742

Inattentive

In`at*ten"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. inattentif.] Not attentive; not fixing the mind on an object; heedless; careless; negligent; regardless; as, an inattentive spectator or hearer; an inattentive habit. I. Watts. Syn. -- Careless; heedless; regardless; thoughtless; negligent; remiss; inadvertent. -- In`at*ten"tive*ly, adv. -- In`at*ten"tive*ness, n.

Inaudibility

In*au`di*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inaudible; inaudibleness.

Inaudible

In*au"di*ble (?), a. [L. inaudibilis; pref. in- not + audire to hear: cf. F. unaudible. See In- not, and Audible.] Not audible; incapable of being heard; silent. -- In*au"di*ble*ness, n. -- In*au"di*bly, adv.

Inaugur

In*au"gur (?), v. t. [Cf. F. inaugurer. See Inaugurate.] To inaugurate. [Obs.] Latimer.

Inaugural

In*au"gu*ral (?), a. [Cf. F. inaugural.] Pertaining to, or performed or pronounced at, an inauguration; as, an inaugural address; the inaugural exercises.

Inaugural

In*au"gu*ral, n. An inaugural address. [U.S.]

Inaugurate

In*au"gu*rate (?), a. [L. inauguratus, p. p. of inaugurare to take omens from the flight of birds (before entering upon any important undertaking); hence, to consecrate, inaugurate, or install, with such divination; pref. in- in + augurare, augurari, to augur. See Augur.] Invested with office; inaugurated. Drayton.

Inaugurate

In*au"gu*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inaugurated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inaugurating (?).]

1. To introduce or induct into an office with suitable ceremonies or solemnities; to invest with power or authority in a formal manner; to install; as, to inaugurate a president; to inaugurate a king. Milton.

2. To cause to begin, esp. with formality or solemn ceremony; hence, to set in motion, action, or progress; to initiate; -- used especially of something of dignity or worth or public concern; as, to inaugurate a new era of things, new methods, etc.

As if kings did closes remarkable days to inaugurate their favors. Sir H. Wotton.

3. To celebrate the completion of, or the first public use of; to dedicate, as a statue. [Colloq.]

4. To begin with good omens. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Inauguration

In*au`gu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. inauguratio a beginning: cf. F. inauguration.]

1. The act of inuagurating, or inducting into office with solemnity; investiture by appropriate ceremonies.

At his regal inauguration, his old father resigned the kingdom to him. Sir T. Browne.

2. The formal beginning or initiation of any movement, course of action, etc.; as, the inauguration of a new system, a new condition, etc.

Inaugurator

In*au"gu*ra`tor (?), n. One who inaugurates.

Inauguratory

In*au"gu*ra*to*ry (?), a. Suitable for, or pertaining to, inauguration. Johnson.

Inaurate

In*au"rate (?), a. [L. inauratus, p. p. inaurare to gild; pref. in- in + aurum gold.] Covered with gold; gilded.

Inaurate

In*au"rate (?), v. t. To cover with gold; to gild.

Inauration

In`au*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inauration.] The act or process of gilding or covering with gold.

Inauspicate

In*aus"pi*cate (?), a. [L. inauspicatus; pref. in- not + auspicatus, p. p. auspicari. See Auspicate.] Inauspicious [Obs.] Sir G. Buck.

Inauspicious

In`aus*pi"cious (?), a. Not auspicious; ill-omened; unfortunate; unlucky; unfavorable. "Inauspicious stars." Shak. "Inauspicious love." Dryden. -- In`aus*pi"cious*ly, adv. -- In`aus*pi"cious*ness, n.

Inauthoritative

In`au*thor"i*ta*tive (?), a. Without authority; not authoritative.

Inbarge

In"barge (?), v. t. & i. To embark; to go or put into a barge. [Obs.] Drayton.

Inbeaming

In"beam`ing (?), n. Shining in. South.

Inbeing

In"be`ing (?), n. Inherence; inherent existence. I. Watts.

Inbind

In*bind" (?), v. t. To inclose. [Obs.] Fairfax.

Inblown

In"blown` (?), a. Blown in or into. [Obs.]

Inboard

In"board` (?), a. & adv.

1. (Naut.) Inside the line of a vessel's bulwarks or hull; the opposite of outboard; as, an inboard cargo; haul the boom inboard.

2. (Mech.) From without inward; toward the inside; as, the inboard stroke of a steam engine piston, the inward or return stroke.

Inborn

In"born` (?), a. Born in or with; implanted by nature; innate; as, inborn passions. Cowper. Syn. -- Innate; inherent; natural.

Inbreak, Inbreaking

In"break` (?), In"break`ing, n. A breaking in; inroad; invasion.

Inbreathe

In*breathe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inbreathed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inbreathing.] To infuse by breathing; to inspire. Coleridge.

Inbred

In"bred` (?), a. Bred within; innate; as, inbred worth. "Inbred sentiments." Burke.

Inbreed

In*breed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inbred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inbreeding.] [Cf. Imbreed.]

1. To produce or generate within. Bp. Reynolds.

To inbreed and cherish . . . the seeds of virtue. Milton.

2. To breed in and in. See under Breed, v. i.

Inburning

In"burn`ing (?), a. Burning within.
Her inburning wrath she gan abate. Spenser.

Inburnt

In"burnt` (?), a. Burnt in; ineffaceable.
Her inburnt, shamefaced thoughts. P. Fletcher.

Inburst

In"burst` (?), n. A bursting in or into.

Inc

Inc (?), n. A Japanese measure of length equal to about two and one twelfth yards. [Written also ink.]

Inca

In"ca (?), n. (a) An emperor or monarch of Peru before, or at the time of, the Spanish conquest; any member of this royal dynasty, reputed to have been descendants of the sun. (b) pl. The people governed by the Incas, now represented by the Quichua tribe. Inca dove (Zo\'94l.), a small dove (Scardafella inca), native of Arizona, Lower California, and Mexico.

Incage

In*cage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incaging (?).] [Cf. Encage.] To confine in, or as in, a cage; to coop up. [Written also encage.] "Incaged birds." Shak.

Incagement

In*cage"ment (?), n. Confinement in, or as in, cage. [Obs.] Shelton.

Incalculability

In*cal`cu*la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being incalculable.

Incalculable

In*cal"cu*la*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + calculable: cf. F. incalculable.] Not capable of being calculated; beyond calculation; very great. -- In*cal"cu*la*ble*ness, n. -- In*cal"cu*la*bly, adv.

Incalescence

In`ca*les"cence (?), n. The state of being incalescent, or of growing warm. Sir T. Browne.

Incalescency

In`ca*les"cen*cy (?), n. Incalescence. Ray.

Incalescent

In`ca*les"cent (?), a. [L. incalescens, -entis, p. pr. of incalescere to grow hot. See 1st In-, and Calescence.] Growing warm; increasing in heat.

Incameration

In*cam`er*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- in + L. camera chamber, LL., also, jurisdiction: cf. F. incam\'82ration, It. incamerazione.] (R. C. Ch.) The act or process of uniting lands, rights, or revenues, to the ecclesiastical chamber, i. e., to the pope's domain.

Incan

In"can (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Incas.

Incandescence

In`can*des"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. incandescence.] A white heat, or the glowing or luminous whiteness of a body caused by intense heat.

Incandescent

In`can*des"cent (?), a. [L. incandecens, -entis, p. pr. of incandescere to become warm or hot; pref. in- in + candescere to become of a glittering whiteness, to become red hot, incho. fr. candere to be of a glittering whiteness: cf. F. incandescent. See Candle.] White, glowing, or luminous, with intense heat; as, incandescent carbon or platinum; hence, clear; shining; brilliant.
Holy Scripture become resplendent; or, as one might say, incandescent throughout. I. Taylor.
Incandescent lamp ∨ light (Elec.), a kind of lamp in which the light is produced by a thin filament of conducting material, usually carbon<-- usually tungsten! -->, contained in a vacuum, and heated to incandescence by an electric current, as in the Edison lamp; -- called also incandescence lamp, and glowlamp.<-- incandescent bulb -- the light bulb used in an incandescent lamp; contrasted with fluorescent lamp and fluorescent bulb -->

Incanescent

In`ca*nes"cent (?), a. [L. incanescens, p. pr. incanescere to become gray.] Becoming hoary or gray; canescent.

Incanous

In*ca"nous (?), a. [L. incanus; pref. in- in + canus hoary.] (Bot.) Hoary with white pubescence.

Incantation

In`can*ta"tion (?), n. [L. incantatio, fr. incantare to chant a magic formula over one: cf. F. incantation. See Enchant.]

1. The act or process of using formulas sung or spoken, with occult ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits, producing enchantment, or affecting other magical results; enchantment. "Mysterious ceremony and incantation." Burke.

2. A formula of words used as above.

Incantatory

In*cant"a*to*ry (?), a. Dealing by enchantment; magical. Sir T. Browne.

Incanting

In*cant"ing, a. Enchanting. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

Incanton

In*can"ton (?), v. t. To unite to, or form into, a canton or separate community. Addison.

Incapability

In*ca`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n.

1. The quality of being incapable; incapacity. Suckling.

2. (Law) Want of legal qualifications, or of legal power; as, incapability of holding an office.

Incapable

In*ca"pa*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + capable: cf. F. incapable, L. incapabilis incomprehensible.]

1. Wanting in ability or qualification for the purpose or end in view; not large enough to contain or hold; deficient in physical strength, mental or moral power, etc.; not capable; as, incapable of holding a certain quantity of liquid; incapable of endurance, of comprehension, of perseverance, of reform, etc.

2. Not capable of being brought to do or perform, because morally strong or well disposed; -- used with reference to some evil; as, incapable of wrong, dishonesty, or falsehood.

3. Not in a state to receive; not receptive; not susceptible; not able to admit; as, incapable of pain, or pleasure; incapable of stain or injury.

4. (Law) Unqualified or disqualified, in a legal sense; as, a man under thirty-five years of age is incapable of holding the office of president of the United States; a person convicted on impeachment is thereby made incapable of holding an office of profit or honor under the government.

5. (Mil.) As a term of disgrace, sometimes annexed to a sentence when an officer has been cashiered and rendered incapable of serving his country. &hand; Incapable is often used elliptically.

Is not your father grown incapable of reasonable affairs? Shak.
Syn. -- Incompetent; unfit; unable; insufficient; inadequate; deficient; disqualified. See Incompetent.

Incapable

In*ca"pa*ble, n. One who is morally or mentally weak or inefficient; an imbecile; a simpleton.

Incapableness

In*ca"pa*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being incapable; incapability.

Incapably

In*ca"pa*bly, adv. In an incapable manner.

Incapacious

In`ca*pa"cious (?), a. [Pref. in- not + capacious: cf. L. incapax incapable.] Not capacious; narrow; small; weak or foolish; as, an incapacious soul. Bp. Burnet. -- In`ca*pa"cious*ness, n.

Incapacitate

In`ca*pac"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incapacitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incapacitating (?).] [Pref. in- not + capacitate.]

1. To deprive of capacity or natural power; to disable; to render incapable or unfit; to disqualify; as, his age incapacitated him for war.

2. (Law) To deprive of legal or constitutional requisites, or of ability or competency for the performance of certain civil acts; to disqualify.

It absolutely incapacitated them from holding rank, office, function, or property. Milman.

Incapacitation

In`ca*pac`i*ta"tion (?), n. The act of incapacitating or state of being incapacitated; incapacity; disqualification. Burke.

Incapacity

In`ca*pac"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Incapacities (. [Cf. F. incapacit\'82.]

1. Want of capacity; lack of physical or intellectual power; inability.

2. (Law) Want of legal ability or competency to do, give, transmit, or receive something; inability; disqualification; as, the inacapacity of minors to make binding contracts, etc. Syn. -- Inability; incapability; incompetency; unfitness; disqualification; disability.

Incapsulate

In*cap"su*late (?), v. t. (Physiol.) To inclose completely, as in a membrane.

Incapsulation

In*cap`su*la"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The process of becoming, or the state or condition of being, incapsulated; as, incapsulation of the ovum in the uterus.

Incarcerate

In*car"cer*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incarcerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incarcerating (?).] [Pref. in- in + L. carceratus, p. p. of carcerare to imprison, fr. carcer prison.]

1. To imprison; to confine in a jail or priso

2. To confine; to shut up or inclose; to hem in. Incarcerated hernia (Med.), hernia in which the constriction can not be easily reduced.

Incarcerate

In*car"cer*ate (?), a. Imprisoned. Dr. H. More.

Incarceration

In*car`cer*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. incarc\'82ration.]

1. The act of confining, or the state of being confined; imprisonment. Glanvill.

2. (Med.) (a) Formerly, strangulation, as in hernia. (b) A constriction of the hernial sac, rendering it irreducible, but not great enough to cause strangulation.

Incarcerator

In*car"cer*a`tor (?), n. One who incarcerates.

Incarn

In*carn" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. incarner. See Incarnate.] To cover or invest with flesh. [R.] Wiseman.

Incarn

In*carn", v. i. To develop flesh. [R.] Wiseman.

Incarnadine

In*car"na*dine (?), a. [F. incarnadin, It. incarnatino; L. pref. in- in + caro, carnis, flesh. Cf. Carnation, Incarnate.] Flesh-colored; of a carnation or pale red color. [Obs.] Lovelace.

Incarnadine

In*car"na*dine, v. t. To dye red or crimson.
Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather The multitudinous seas incarnadine, Making the green one red. Shak.

Incarnate

In*car"nate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + carnate.] Not in the flesh; spiritual. [Obs.]
I fear nothing . . . that devil carnate or incarnate can fairly do. Richardson.

Incarnate

In*car"nate, a. [L. incarnatus, p. p. of incarnare to incarnate, pref. in- in + caro, carnis, flesh. See Carnal.]

1. Invested with flesh; embodied in a human nature and form; united with, or having, a human body.

Here shalt thou sit incarnate. Milton.
He represents the emperor and his wife as two devils incarnate, sent into the world for the destruction of mankind. Jortin.

2. Flesh-colored; rosy; red. [Obs.] Holland.

Incarnate

In*car"nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incarnated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incarnating (?).] To clothe with flesh; to embody in flesh; to invest, as spirits, ideals, etc., with a human from or nature.
This essence to incarnate and imbrute, That to the height of deity aspired. Milton.

Incarnate

In*car"nate, v. i. To form flesh; to granulate, as a wound. [R.]
My uncle Toby's wound was nearly well -- 't was just beginning to incarnate. Sterne.

Incarnation

In`car*na"tion (?), n. [F. incarnation, LL. incarnatio.]

1. The act of clothing with flesh, or the state of being so clothed; the act of taking, or being manifested in, a human body and nature.

2. (Theol.) The union of the second person of the Godhead with manhood in Christ.

3. An incarnate form; a personification; a manifestation; a reduction to apparent from; a striking exemplification in person or act.

She is a new incarnation of some of the illustrious dead. Jeffrey.
The very incarnation of selfishness. F. W. Robertson.

4. A rosy or red color; flesh color; carnation. [Obs.]

5. (Med.) The process of healing wounds and filling the part with new flesh; granulation.

Incarnative

In*car"na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. incarnatif.] Causing new flesh to grow; healing; regenerative. -- n. An incarnative medicine.

Incarnification

In*car`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Incarnation, and -fy.] The act of assuming, or state of being clothed with, flesh; incarnation.

Incase

In*case" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incasing.] [F. encaisser; pref. en- (L. in) + caisse case. See Case a box, and cf. Encase, Enchase.] To inclose in a case; to inclose; to cover or surround with something solid.
Rich plates of gold the folding doors incase. Pope.

Incasement

In*case"ment (?), n. [Cf. Casement.]

1. The act or process of inclosing with a case, or the state of being incased.

2. That which forms a case, covering, or inclosure.

Incask

In*cask" (?), v. t. To cover with a casque or as with a casque. Sherwood.

Incastellated

In*cas"tel*la`ted (?), a. Confined or inclosed in a castle.

Incastelled

In*cas"telled (?), a. (Far.) Hoofbound. Crabb.

Incatenation

In*cat`e*na"tion (?), n. [LL. incatenatio; L. pref. in- in + catena chain. See Enchain.] The act of linking together; enchaining. [R.] Goldsmith.

Incaution

In*cau"tion (?), n. Want of caution. Pope.

Incautious

In*cau"tious (?), a. [Pref. in- not + cautious: cf. L. incautus.] Not cautious; not circumspect; not attending to the circumstances on which safety and interest depend; heedless; careless; as, an incautious step; an incautious remark.
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You . . . incautious tread On fire with faithless embers overspread. Francis.
His rhetorical expressions may easily captivate any incautious reader. Keill.
Syn. -- Unwary; indiscreet; inconsiderate; imprudent; impolitic; careless; heedless; thoughtless. -- In*cau"tious*ly, adv. -- In*cau"tious*ness, n.

Incavated

In"ca*va`ted (?), a. [L. incavatus, p. p. of incavare to make hollow: pref in- in + cavare to hollow out, fr. cavus hollow.] Made hollow; bent round or in.

Incavation

In`ca*va"tion (?), n. Act of making hollow; also, a hollow; an exvation; a depression.

Incaved

In*caved" (?), a. [Pref. in- in + cave. Cf. Encave, Incavated.] Inclosed in a cave.

Incaverned

In*cav"erned (?), a. Inclosed or shut up as in a cavern. Drayton.

Incedingly

In*ced"ing*ly (?), adv. [L. incedere to walk majestically.] Majestically. [R.] C. Bront\'82.

Incelebrity

In`ce*leb"ri*ty (?), n. Want of celebrity or distinction; obscurity. [R.] Coleridge.

Incend

In*cend" (?), v. t. [L. incendere, incensum, to kindle, burn. See Incense to inflame.] To inflame; to excite. [Obs.] Marston.

Incendiarism

In*cen"di*a*rism (?), n. [From Incendiary.] The act or practice of maliciously setting fires; arson.

Incendiary

In*cen"di*a*ry (?; 277), n.; pl. Incendiaries (#). [L. incendiarius: cf. F. incendiaire. See Incense to inflame.]

1. Any person who maliciously sets fire to a building or other valuable or other valuable property.

2. A person who excites or inflames factions, and promotes quarrels or sedition; an agitator; an exciter.

Several cities . . . drove them out as incendiaries. Bentley.

Incendiary

In*cen"di*a*ry, a. [L. incendiarius, fr. incendium a fire, conflagration: cf. F. incendiaire. See Incense to inflame.]

1. Of or pertaining to incendiarism, or the malicious burning of valuable property; as, incendiary material; as incendiary crime.

2. Tending to excite or inflame factions, sedition, or quarrel; inflammatory; seditious. Paley. Incendiary shell, a bombshell. See Carcass, 4.

Incendious

In*cen"di*ous (?), a. [L. incendiosus burning, hot.] Promoting faction or contention; seditious; inflammatory. [Obs.] Bacon. -- In*cen"di*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Incensant

In*cen"sant (?), a. [See Incense to anger.] (Her.) A modern term applied to animals (as a boar) when borne as raging, or with furious aspect.

Incensation

In`cen*sa"tion (?), n. (R. C. Ch.) The offering of incense. [R.] Encyc. Brit.

Incense

In*cense" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incensed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incensing.] [L. incensus, p. p. of incendere; pref. in- in + root of candere to glow. See Candle.]

1. To set on fire; to inflame; to kindle; to burn. [Obs.]

Twelve Trojan princes wait on thee, and labor to incense Thy glorious heap of funeral. Chapman.

2. To inflame with anger; to endkindle; to fire; to incite; to provoke; to heat; to madden.

The people are incensed him. Shak.
Syn. -- To enrage; exasperate; provoke; anger; irritate; heat; fire; instigate.

Incense

In"cense (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incensed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incensing.] [LL. incensare: cf. F. encenser. See Incense, n.]

1. To offer incense to. See Incense. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To perfume with, or as with, incense. "Incensed with wanton sweets." Marston.

Incense

In"cense (?), n. [OE. encens, F. encens, L. incensum, fr. incensus, p. p. of incendere to burn. See Incense to inflame.]

1. The perfume or odors exhaled from spices and gums when burned in celebrating religious rites or as an offering to some deity.

A thick of incense went up. Ezek. viii. 11.

2. The materials used for the purpose of producing a perfume when burned, as fragrant gums, spices, frankincense, etc.

Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon. Lev. x. 1.

3. Also used figuratively.

Or heap the shrine of luxury and pride,
With incense kindled at the Muse's flame. Gray. Incense tree, the name of several balsamic trees of the genus Bursera (or Icica) mostly tropical American. The gum resin is used for incense. In Jamaica the Chrysobalanus Icaco, a tree related to the plums, is called incense tree. -- Incense wood, the fragrant wood of the tropical American tree Bursera heptaphylla.

Incensebreathing

In"cense*breath`ing (?), a. Breathing or exhaling incense. "Incense-breathing morn." Gray.

Incensed

In*censed" (?), a.

1. Angered; enraged.

2. (Her.) Represented as enraged, as any wild creature depicted with fire issuing from mouth and eyes.

Incensement

In*cense"ment (?), n. Fury; rage; heat; exasperation; as, implacable incensement. Shak.

Incenser

In*cen"ser (?), n. One who instigates or incites.

Incension

In*cen"sion (?), n. [L. incensio. See Incense to inflame.] The act of kindling, or the state of being kindled or on fire. Bacon.

Incensive

In*cen"sive (?), a. Tending to excite or provoke; inflammatory. Barrow.

Incensor

In*cen"sor (?), n. [L.] A kindler of anger or enmity; an inciter.

Incensory

In*cen"so*ry (?; 277), n.; pl. Incensories (#). [LL. incensorium: cf. F. encensoir. See 2d Incense, and cf. Censer.] The vessel in which incense is burned and offered; a censer; a thurible. [R.] Evelyn.

Incensurable

In*cen"sur*a*ble (?; 135), a. [Pref. in- not + censurable: cf. F. incensurable.] Not censurable. Dr. T. Dwight. -- In*cen"sur*a*bly, adv.

Incenter

In*cen"ter (?), n. (Geom.) The center of the circle inscribed in a triangle.

Incentive

In*cen"tive (?), a. [L. incentivus, from incinere to strike up or set the tune; pref. in- + canere to sing. See Enchant, Chant.]

1. Inciting; encouraging or moving; rousing to action; stimulative.

Competency is the most incentive to industry. Dr. H. More.

2. Serving to kindle or set on fire. [R.]

Part incentive reed
Provide, pernicious with one touch of fire. Milton.

Incentive

In*cen"tive, n. [L. incentivum.] That which moves or influences the mind, or operates on the passions; that which incites, or has a tendency to incite, to determination or action; that which prompts to good or ill; motive; spur; as, the love of money, and the desire of promotion, are two powerful incentives to action.
The greatest obstacles, the greatest terrors that come in their way, are so far from making them quit the work they had begun, that they rather prove incentives to them to go on in it. South.
Syn. -- Motive; spur; stimulus; incitement; encouragement; inducement; influence.

Incentively

In*cen"tive*ly, adv. Incitingly; encouragingly.

Inception

In*cep"tion (?), n. [L. inceptio, fr. incipere to begin; pref. in- in + capere to take. See Capable.]

1. Beginning; commencement; initiation. Bacon.

Marked with vivacity of inception, apathy of progress, and prematureness of decay. Rawle.

2. Reception; a taking in. [R.] Poe.

Inceptive

In*cep"tive (?), a. Beginning; expressing or indicating beginning; as, an inceptive proposition; an inceptive verb, which expresses the beginning of action; -- called also inchoative. -- In*cep"tive*ly, adv.

Inceptive

In*cep"tive, n. An inceptive word, phrase, or clause.

Inceptor

In*cep"tor (?), n. [L.]

1. A beginner; one in the rudiments. Johnson.

2. One who is on the point of taking the degree of master of arts at an English university. Walton.

Inceration

In`cer*a"tion (?), n. [L. incerare to smear with wax; pref. in- in + cerare to wax, fr. cera wax: cf. F. inc\'82ration.] The act of smearing or covering with wax. B. Jonson.

Incerative

In*cer"a*tive (?), a. Cleaving or sticking like wax. Cotgrave.

Incertain

In*cer"tain (?), n. [Pref. in- not + certain: cf. F. incertain, L. incertus. See Certain.] Uncertain; doubtful; unsteady. -- In*cer"tain*ly, adv.
Very questionable and of uncertain truth. Sir T. Browne.

Incertainty

In*cer"tain*ty (?), n. Uncertainty. [Obs.] Shak.

Incertitude

In*cer"ti*tude (?), n. [Cf. F. incertitude, LL. incertitudo, fr. L. incertus. See Incertain.] Uncertainty; doubtfulness; doubt.
The incertitude and instability of this life. Holland.
He fails . . . from mere incertitude or irresolution. I. Taylor.

Incertum

In*cer"tum (?), a. Doubtful; not of definite form. Opus incertum (Anc. Arch.), a kind of masonry employed in building walls, in which the stones were not squared nor laid in courses; rubblework.

Incessable

In*ces"sa*ble (?), a. [L. incessabilis; pref. in- not + cessare to cease.] Unceasing; continual. [Obs.] Shelton. -- In*ces"sa*bly, adv. [Obs.]

Incessancy

In*ces"san*cy (?), n. [From Incessant.] The quality of being incessant; unintermitted continuance; unceasingness. Dr. T. Dwight.

Incessant

In*ces"sant (?), a. [L. incessans, -antis; pref. in- not + cessare to cease: cf. F. incessant. See Cease.] Continuing or following without interruption; unceasing; unitermitted; uninterrupted; continual; as, incessant clamors; incessant pain, etc.
Against the castle gate, . . . Which with incessant force and endless hate, They batter'd day and night and entrance did await. Spenser.
Syn. -- Unceasing; uninterrupted; unintermitted; unremitting; ceaseless; continual; constant; perpetual.

Incessantly

In*ces"sant*ly, adv. Unceasingly; continually. Shak.

Incession

In*ces"sion (?), n. [L. incedere, incessum, to walk.] Motion on foot; progress in walking. [Obs.]
The incession or local motion of animals. Sir T. Browne.

Incest

In"cest (?), n. [F. inceste, L. incestum unchastity, incest, fr. incestus unchaste; pref. in- not + castus chaste. See Chaste.] The crime of cohabitation or sexual commerce between persons related within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law. Shak. Spiritual incest. (Eccl. Law) (a) The crime of cohabitation committed between persons who have a spiritual alliance by means of baptism or confirmation. (b) The act of a vicar, or other beneficiary, who holds two benefices, the one depending on the collation of the other.

Incesttuous

In*cest"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L. incestuosus: cf. F. incestueux.] Guilty of incest; involving, or pertaining to, the crime of incest; as, an incestuous person or connection. Shak.
Ere you reach to this incestuous love, You must divine and human rights remove. Dryden.
-- In*cest"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- In*cest"tu*ous*ness, n.

Inch

Inch (?), n. [Gael. inis.] An island; -- often used in the names of small islands off the coast of Scotland, as in Inchcolm, Inchkeith, etc. [Scot.]

Inch

Inch, n. [OE. inche, unche, AS. ynce, L. uncia the twelfth part, inch, ounce. See Ounce a weight.]

1. A measure of length, the twelfth part of a foot, commonly subdivided into halves, quarters, eights, sixteenths, etc., as among mechanics. It was also formerly divided into twelve parts, called lines, and originally into three parts, called barleycorns, its length supposed to have been determined from three grains of barley placed end to end lengthwise. It is also sometimes called a prime (\'b7), composed of twelve seconds (\'b7\'b7), as in the duodecimal system of arithmetic. <-- \'b7 is the same symbol as the light accent, or the "minutes" of an arc. The "seconds" synbol should actually have the two strokes closer than in repeated "minutes". Here, \'b7\'b7 will be interpreted as "seconds" -->

12 seconds (\'b7\'b7) make 1 inch or prime. 12 inches or primes (\'b7) make 1 foot. B. Greenleaf.
&hand; The meter, the accepted scientific standard of length, equals 39.37 inches; the inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters. See Metric system, and Meter.

2. A small distance or degree, whether or time

Beldame, I think we watched you at an inch. Shak.
By inches, by slow degrees, gradually. -- Inch of candle. See under Candle. -- Inches of pressure, usually, the pressure indicated by so many inches of a mercury column, as on a steam gauge. -- Inch of water. See under Water. -- Miner's inch, (Hydraulic Mining), a unit for the measurement of water. See Inch of water, under Water.

Inch

Inch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inching.]

1. To drive by inches, or small degrees. [R.]

He gets too far into the soldier's grace And inches out my master. Dryden.

2. To deal out by inches; to give sparingly. [R.]

Inch

Inch, v. i. To advance or retire by inches or small degrees; to move slowly.
With slow paces measures back the field, And inches to the walls. Dryden.

Inch

Inch, a. Measurement an inch in any dimension, whether length, breadth, or thickness; -- used in composition; as, a two-inch cable; a four-inch plank. Inch stuff, boards, etc., sawed one inch thick.

Inchamber

In*cham"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inchambered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inchambering.] [Pref. in- in + chamber: cf. OF. enchambrer.] To lodge in a chamber. [R.] Sherwood.

Inchangeability

In*change`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Unchangeableness. [Obs.] Kenrick.

Inchant

In*chant" (?), v. t. See Enchant.

Incharitable

In*char"i*ta*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. incharitable.] Uncharitable; unfeeling. [Obs.] Shak.

Incharity

In*char"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incharit\'82.] Want of charity. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Inchase

In*chase" (?), v. t. See Enchase.

Inchastity

In*chas"ti*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + chastity: cf. F. inchastet\'82.] Unchastity. [Obs.] Milton.

Inched

Inched (?), a. Having or measuring (so many) inches; as, a four-inched bridge. Shak.

Inchest

In*chest" (?), v. t. To put into a chest.

Inchipin

Inch"i*pin (?), n. See Inchpin.

Inchmeal

Inch"meal` (?), n. [See Meal a part, and cf. Piecemeal.] A piece an inch long. By inchmeal, by small degrees; by inches. Shak.

Inchmeal

Inch"meal`, adv. Little by little; gradually.

Inchoate

In"cho*ate (?), a. [L. inchoatus, better incohatus, p. p. of incohare to begin.] Recently, or just, begun; beginning; partially but not fully in existence or operation; existing in its elements; incomplete. -- In"cho*ate*ly, adv.
Neither a substance perfect, nor a substance inchoate. Raleigh.

Inchoate

In"cho*ate (?), v. t. To begin. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Inchoation

In`cho*a"tion (?), n. [L. inchoatio, incohatio.] Act of beginning; commencement; inception.
The setting on foot some of those arts, in those parts, would be looked on as the first inchoation of them. Sir M. Hale.
It is now in actual progress, from the rudest inchoation to the most elaborate finishing. I. Taylor.

Inchoative

In*cho"a*tive (?; 277), a. [L. inchoativus, incohativus: cf. F. inchoatif.] Expressing or pertaining to a beginning; inceptive; as, an inchoative verb. "Some inchoative or imperfect rays." W. Montagu. -- n. An inchoative verb. See Inceptive.

Inchpin

Inch"pin (?), n. [Written also inchipin, inche-pinne, inne-pinne.] [Cf. Gael. inne, innidh, bowel, entrail.] The sweetbread of a deer. Cotgrave.

Inchworm

Inch"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of any geometrid moth. See Geometrid.

Incicurable

In*cic"u*ra*ble (?), a. [L. incicur not tame; pref. in- not + cicur name.] Untamable. [R.]

Incide

In*cide" (?), v. t. [L. incidere; pref. in- in + caedere to cut. See Concise, and cf. Incise.] To cut; to separate and remove; to resolve or break up, as by medicines. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

Incidence

In"ci*dence (?), n. [Cf. F. incidence.]

1. A falling on or upon; an incident; an event. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. (Physics) The direction in which a body, or a ray of light or heat, falls on any surface.

In equal incidences there is a considerable inequality of refractions. Sir I. Newton.
Angle of incidence, the angle which a ray of light, or the line of incidence of a body, falling on any surface, makes with a perpendicular to that surface; also formerly, the complement of this angle. -- Line of incidence, the line in the direction of which a surface is struck by a body, ray of light, and the like.

Incidency

In"ci*den*cy (?), n. Incidence. [Obs.] Shak.

Incident

In"ci*dent (?), a. [L. incidens, -entis, p. pr. & of incidere to fall into or upon; pref. in- in, on + cadere to fall: cf. F. incident. See Cadence.]

1. Falling or striking upon, as a ray of light upon a reflecting surface.

2. Coming or happening accidentally; not in the usual course of things; not in connection with the main design; not according to expectation; casual; fortuitous.

As the ordinary course of common affairs is disposed of by general laws, so likewise men's rarer incident necessities and utilities should be with special equity considered. Hooker.

3. Liable to happen; apt to occur; befalling; hence, naturally happening or appertaining.

All chances incident to man's frail life. Milton.
The studies incident to his profession. Milward.

4. (Law) Dependent upon, or appertaining to, another thing, called the principal. Incident proposition (Logic), a proposition subordinate to another, and introduced by who, which, whose, whom, etc.; as, Julius, whose surname was C\'91sar, overcame Pompey. I. Watts.

Incident

In"ci*dent, n. [Cf. F. incident.]

1. That which falls out or takes place; an event; casualty; occurrence.


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2. That which happens aside from the main design; an accidental or subordinate action or event.

No person, no incident, in a play but must be of use to carry on the main design. Dryden.

3. (Law) Something appertaining to, passing with, or depending on, another, called the principal. Tomlins. Syn. -- Circumstance; event; fact; adventure; contingency; chance; accident; casualty. See Event.

Incindental

In`cin*den"tal (?), a. Happening, as an occasional event, without regularity; coming without design; casual; accidental; hence, not of prime concern; subordinate; collateral; as, an incidental conversation; an incidental occurrence; incidental expenses.
By some, religious duties . . . appear to be regarded . . . as an incidental business. Rogers.
Syn. -- Accidental; casual; fortuitous; contingent; chance; collateral. See Accidental. -- In`cen*den"tal*ly, adv. -- In`cen*den"tal*ness, n.
I treat either or incidentally of colors. Boyle.

Incendental

In`cen*den"tal, n. An incident; that which is incidental; esp., in the plural, an aggregate of subordinate or incidental items not particularized; as, the expense of tuition and incidentals. Pope.

Incidently

In"ci*dent*ly (?), adv. Incidentally. [Obs.]

Incinerable

In*cin"er*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being incinerated or reduced to ashes. Sir T. Browne.

Incinerate

In*cin"er*ate (?), [LL. incineratus, p. p. of incinerare to incinerate; L. pref. in- in + cinis, cineris, ashes.] Reduced to ashes by burning; thoroughly consumed. [Obs.] Bacon.

Incinerate

In*cin"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incinerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incinerating (?).] To burn to ashes; to consume; to burn. Bacon.
It is the fire only that incinerates bodies. Boyle.

Incineration

In*cin`er*a"tion (?), n. [LL. incineratio: cf. F. incin\'82ration.] The act of incinerating, or the state of being incinerated; cremation.
The phenix kind, Of whose incineration, There riseth a new creation. Skelton.

Incipience, Incipiency

In*cip"i*ence (?), In*cip"i*en*cy (?), n. [L. incipientia.] Beginning; commencement; incipient state.

Incipient

In*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. incipiens, p. pr. of incipere to begin. See Inception.] Beginning to be, or to show itself; commencing; initial; as, the incipient stage of a fever; incipient light of day. -- In*cip"i*ent*ly, adv.

Incircle

In*cir"cle (?), v. t. See Encircle.

Incirclet

In*cir"clet (?), n. [Cf. Encirclet.] A small circle. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Incircumscriptible

In*cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + circumscriptible: cf. LL. incircumscriptibilis.] Incapable of being circumscribed or limited. Cranmer.

Incircumscription

In*cir`cum*scrip"tion (?), n. Condition or quality of being incircumscriptible or limitless. Jer. Taylor.

Incircumspect

In*cir"cum*spect (?), a. [Pref. in- not + circumspect.] Not circumspect; heedless; careless; reckless; impolitic. Tyndale.

Incircumspection

In*cir`cum*spec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. incirconspection.] Want of circumspection. Sir T. Browne.

Incise

In*cise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incising.] [L. incisus, p. p. of incidere to incise: cf. F. inciser. See Incide.]

1. To cut in or into with a sharp instrument; to carve; to engrave.

I on thy grave this epitaph incise. T. Carew.

2. To cut, gash, or wound with a sharp instrument; to cut off.

Incised

In*cised" (?), a.

1. Cut in; carved; engraved.

2. (Bot.) Having deep and sharp notches, as a leaf or a petal.

Incisely

In*cise"ly (?), adv. In an incised manner.

Incision

In*ci"sion (?), n. [L. incisio: cf. F. incision. See Incise.]

1. The act of incising, or cutting into a substance. Milton.

2. That which is produced by incising; the separation of the parts of any substance made by a cutting or pointed instrument; a cut; a gash.

3. Separation or solution of viscid matter by medicines. [Obs.]

Incisive

In*ci"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. incisif.]

1. Having the quality of incising, cutting, or penetrating, as with a sharp instrument; cutting; hence, sharp; acute; sarcastic; biting. "An incisive, high voice." G. Eliot.

And her incisive smile accrediting That treason of false witness in my blush. Mrs. Browning.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the incisors; incisor; as, the incisive bones, the premaxillaries.

Incisor

In*ci"sor (?; 277), n. [NL.] (Anat.) One of the teeth in front of the canines in either jaw; an incisive tooth. See Tooth.

Incisor

In*ci"sor, a. Adapted for cutting; of or pertaining to the incisors; incisive; as, the incisor nerve; an incisor foramen; an incisor tooth.

Incisory

In*ci"so*ry (?), a. Having the quality of cutting; incisor; incisive.

Incisure

In*cis"ure (?; 277), n. [L. incisura: cf. F. incisure.] A cut; an incision; a gash. Derham.

Incitant

In*cit"ant (?), a. [L. incitans, -antis, p. pr. of incitare. See Incite.] Inciting; stimulating.

Incitant

In*cit"ant, n. That which incites; an inciting agent or cause; a stimulant. E. Darwin.

Incitation

In`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. incitatio: cf. F. incitation.]

1. The act of inciting or moving to action.

2. That which incites to action; that which rouses or prompts; incitement; motive; incentive.

The noblest incitation to honest attempts. Tatler.

Incitative

In*cit"a*tive (?), n. A provocative; an incitant; a stimulant. [R.] Jervas.

Incite

In*cite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incited (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inciting.] [L. incitare; pref. in- in + citare to rouse, stir up: cf. F. inciter. See Cite.] To move to action; to stir up; to rouse; to spur or urge on.
Anthiochus, when he incited Prusias to join in war, set before him the greatness of the Romans. Bacon.
No blown ambition doth our arms incite. Shak.
Syn. -- Excite; stimulate; instigate; spur; goad; arouse; move; urge; rouse; provoke; encourage; prompt; animate. See Excite.

Incitement

In*cite"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. incitement.]

1. The act of inciting.

2. That which incites the mind, or moves to action; motive; incentive; impulse. Burke.

From the long records of a distant age, Derive incitements to renew thy rage. Pope.
Syn. -- Motive; incentive; spur; stimulus; impulse; encouragement.

Inciter

In*cit"er (?), n. One who, or that which, incites.

Incitingly

In*cit"ing*ly, adv. So as to incite or stimulate.

Incito-motor

In*ci`to-mo"tor (?), a. [L. incitus incited + E. motor.] (Physiol.) Inciting to motion; -- applied to that action which, in the case of muscular motion, commences in the nerve centers, and excites the muscles to contraction. Opposed to excito-motor.

Incito-motory

In*ci`to-mo"to*ry (?), a. (Physiol.) Incitomotor.

Incivil

In*civ"il (?), a. [L. incivilis; pref. in- not + civilis civil: cf. F. incivil.] Uncivil; rude. [Obs.] Shak.

Incivility

In`ci*vil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Incivilities (#). [L. incivilitas: cf. F. incivilit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being uncivil; want of courtesy; rudeness of manner; impoliteness. Shak. Tillotson.

2. Any act of rudeness or ill breeding.

Uncomely jests, loud talking and jeering, which, in civil account, are called indecencies and incivilities. Jer. Taylor.

3. Want of civilization; a state of rudeness or barbarism. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh. Syn. -- Impoliteness; uncourteousness; unmannerliness; disrespect; rudeness; discourtesy.

Incivilization

In*civ`i*li*za"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + civilization.] The state of being uncivilized; want of civilization; barbarism.

Incivilly

In*civ"il*ly (?), adv. Uncivilly. [Obs.] Shak.

Incivism

In*civ"ism (?), n. [Pref. in- not + civism: cf. F. incivisme.] Want of civism; want of patriotism or love to one's country; unfriendliness to one's state or government. [R.] Macaulay.

Inclamation

In`cla*ma"tion (?), n. [L. inclamatio. See 1st In-, and Claim.] Exclamation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Inclasp

In*clasp" (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + clasp. Cf. Enclasp.] To clasp within; to hold fast to; to embrace or encircle. [Written also enclasp.]
The flattering ivy who did ever see Inclasp the huge trunk of an aged tree. F. Beaumont.

Inclaudent

In*clau"dent (?), a. Not closing or shutting.

Inclavated

In"cla*va`ted (?), a. [LL. inclavatus; L. pref. in- in + clavare to fasten with nails, fr. clavus nail.] Set; fast; fixed. Dr. John Smith.

Inclave

In*clave" (?), a. [See Inclavated.] (Her.) Resembling a series of dovetails; -- said of a line of division, such as the border of an ordinary.

Incle

In"cle (?), n. Same as Inkle.

Inclemency

In*clem"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Inclemencies (#). [L. inclementia: cf. F. incl\'82mence.]

1. The state or quality of being inclement; want of clemency; want of mildness of temper; unmercifulness; severity.

The inclemency of the late pope. Bp. Hall.

2. Physical severity or harshness (commonly in respect to the elements or weather); roughness; storminess; rigor; severe cold, wind, rain, or snow.

The inclemencies of morning air. Pope.
The rude inclemency of wintry skies. Cowper.
Syn. -- Harshness; severity; cruelty; rigor; roughness; storminess; boisterousness.

Inclement

In*clem"ent (?), a. [L. inclemens; pref. in- not + clemens mild: cf. F. incl\'82ment. See Clement.]

1. Not clement; destitute of a mild and kind temper; void of tenderness; unmerciful; severe; harsh.

2. Physically severe or harsh (generally restricted to the elements or weather); rough; boisterous; stormy; rigorously cold, etc.; as, inclement weather. Cowper.

The guard the wretched from the inclement sky. Pope.
Teach us further by what means to shun The inclement seasons, rain, ice, hail, and snow! Milton.

Inclemently

In*clem"ent*ly, adv. In an inclement manner.

Inclinable

In*clin"a*ble (?), a. [L. inclinabilis. See Incline.]

1. Leaning; tending.

Likely and inclinable to fall. Bentley.

2. Having a propensity of will or feeling; leaning in disposition; disposed; propense; as, a mind inclinable to truth.

Whatsoever other sins he may be inclinable to. South.
The very constitution of a multitude is not so inclinable to save as to destroy. Fuller.

Inclinableness

In*clin"a*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being inclinable; inclination.

Inclinnation

In`clin*na"tion (?), n. [L. inclinatio: cf. F. inclination.]

1. The act of inclining, or state of being inclined; a leaning; as, an inclination of the head.

2. A direction or tendency from the true vertical or horizontal direction; as, the inclination of a column, or of a road bed.

3. A tendency towards another body or point

4. (Geom.) The angle made by two lines or planes; as, the inclination of the plane of the earth's equator to the plane of the ecliptic is about 23° 28\'b7; the inclination of two rays of light.

5. A leaning or tendency of the mind, feelings, preferences, or will; propensity; a disposition more favorable to one thing than to another; favor; desire; love.

A mere inclination to a thing is not properly a willing of that thing. South.
How dost thou find the inclination of the people? Shak.

6. A person or thing loved or admired. Sir W. Temple.

7. (Pharm.) Decantation, or tipping for pouring. Inclination compass, an inclinometer. -- Inclination of an orbit (Astron.), the angle which the orbit makes the ecliptic. -- Inclination of the needle. See Dip of the needle, under Dip. Syn. -- Bent; tendency; proneness; bias; proclivity; propensity; prepossession; predilection; attachment; desire; affection; love. See Bent, and cf. Disposition.

Inclinatory

In*clin"a*to*ry (?; 277), a. Having the quality of leaning or inclining; as, the inclinatory needle. -- In*clin"a*to*ri*ly (#), adv. Sir T. Browne.

Incline

In*cline" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inclined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inclining.] [OE. inclinen, enclinen, OF. encliner, incliner, F. incliner, L. inclinare; pref. in- in + clinare to bend, incline; akin to E. lean. See Lean to incline.]

1. To deviate from a line, direction, or course, toward an object; to lean; to tend; as, converging lines incline toward each other; a road inclines to the north or south.

2. Fig.: To lean or tend, in an intellectual or moral sense; to favor an opinion, a course of conduct, or a person; to have a propensity or inclination; to be disposed.

Their hearts inclined to follow Abimelech. Judges ix. 3.
Power finds its balance, giddy motions cease In both the scales, and each inclines to peace. Parnell.

3. To bow; to incline the head. Chaucer. Syn. -- To lean; slope; slant; tend; bend.

Incline

In*cline", v. t.

1. To cause to deviate from a line, position, or direction; to give a leaning, bend, or slope to; as, incline the column or post to the east; incline your head to the right.

Incline thine ear, O Lord, and hear. Is. xxxvii. 17.

2. To impart a tendency or propensity to, as to the will or affections; to turn; to dispose; to influence.

Incline my heart unto thy testimonies. Ps. cxix. 36.
Incline our hearts to keep this law. Book of Com. Prayer.

3. To bend; to cause to stoop or bow; as, to incline the head or the body in acts of reverence or civility.

With due respect my body I inclined. Dryden.

Incline

In*cline", n. An inclined plane; an ascent o

Inclined

In*clined" (?), p. p. & a.

1. Having a leaning or tendency towards, or away from, a thing; disposed or moved by wish, desire, or judgment; as, a man inclined to virtue. "Each pensively inclined." Cowper.

2. (Math.) Making an angle with some line or plane; -- said of a line or plane.

3. (Bot.) Bent out of a perpendicular position, or into a curve with the convex side uppermost. Inclined plane. (Mech.) (a) A plane that makes an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon; a sloping plane. When used to produce pressure, or as a means of moving bodies, it is one of the mechanical powers, so called. (b) (Railroad & Canal) An inclined portion of track, on which trains or boats are raised or lowered from one level to another.

Incliner

In*clin"er (?), n. One who, or that which, inclines; specifically, an inclined dial.

Inclining

In*clin"ing, a. (Bot.) Same as Inclined, 3.

Inclining

In*clin"ing, n.

1. Inclination; disposition.

On the first inclining towards sleep. Burke.

2. Party or side chosen; a following.

Both you of my inclining, and the rest. Shak.

Inclinnometer

In`clin*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Incline + -meter.] (Magnetism) An apparatus to determine the inclination of the earth's magnetic force to the plane of the horizon; -- called also inclination compass, and dip circle.

Inclip

In*clip" (?), v. t. To clasp; to inclose.
Whate'er the ocean pales, or sky inclips. Shak.

Incloister

In*clois"ter (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + cloister: cf. F. enclo\'8ctrer. Cf. Encloister.] To confine as in a cloister; to cloister. Lovelace.

Inclose

In*close" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inclosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inclosing.] [See Enclose, and cf. Include.] [Written also enclose.]

1. To surround; to shut in; to confine on all sides; to include; to shut up; to encompass; as, to inclose a fort or an army with troops; to inclose a town with walls.

How many evils have inclosed me round! Milton.

2. To put within a case, envelope, or the like; to fold (a thing) within another or into the same parcel; as, to inclose a letter or a bank note.

The inclosed copies of the treaty. Sir W. Temple.

3. To separate from common grounds by a fence; as, to inclose lands. Blackstone.

4. To put into harness; to harness. [Obs.]

They went to coach and their horse inclose. Chapman.

Incloser

In*clos"er (?), n. One who, or that which, incloses; one who fences off land from common grounds.

Inclosure

In*clo"sure (?; 135), n. [See Inclose, Enclosure.] [Written also enclosure.]

1. The act of inclosing; the state of being inclosed, shut up, or encompassed; the separation of land from common ground by a fence.

2. That which is inclosed or placed within something; a thing contained; a space inclosed or fenced up.

Within the inclosure there was a great store of houses. Hakluyt.

3. That which incloses; a barrier or fence.

Breaking our inclosures every morn. W. Browne.

Incloud

In*cloud" (?), v. t. To envelop as in clouds; to darken; to obscure. Milton.
Page 745

Include

In*clude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Included; p. pr. & vb. n. Including.] [L. includere, inclusum; pref. in- in + claudere to shut. See Close, and cf. Enclose.]

1. To confine within; to hold; to contain; to shut up; to inclose; as, the shell of a nut includes the kernel; a pearl is included in a shell.

2. To comprehend or comprise, as a genus the species, the whole a part, an argument or reason the inference; to contain; to embrace; as, this volume of Shakespeare includes his sonnets; he was included in the invitation to the family; to and including page twenty-five. <-- usu. up to and including . . . -->

The whole included race, his purposed prey. Milton.
The loss of such a lord includes all harm. Shak.

3. To conclude; to end; to terminate. [Obs.]

Come, let us go; we will include all jars With triumphs, mirth, and rare solemnity. Shak.
Syn. -- To contain; inclose; comprise; comprehend; embrace; involve.

Included

In*clud"ed (?), a. Inclosed; confined. Included stamens (Bot.), such as are shorter than the floral envelopes, or are concealed within them.

Includible

In*clud"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being included.

Inclusa

In*clu"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. inclusus, p. p. of includere to shut in.] (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of bivalve mollusks, characterized by the closed state of the mantle which envelops the body. The ship borer (Teredo navalis) is an example.

Inclusion

In*clu"sion (?), n. [L. inclusio: cf. F. inclusion. See Include.]

1. The act of including, or the state of being included; limitation; restriction; as, the lines of inclusion of his policy. Sir W. Temple.

2. (Min.) A foreign substance, either liquid or solid, usually of minute size, inclosed in the mass of a mineral.

Inclusive

In*clu"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. inclusif.]

1. Inclosing; encircling; surrounding.

The inclusive verge Of golden metal that must round my brow. Shak.

2. Comprehending the stated limit or extremes; as, from Monday to Saturday inclusive, that is, taking in both Monday and Saturday; -- opposed to exclusive. <-- see include, v.t. 2 -->

Inclusively

In*clu"sive*ly, adv. In an inclusive manner.

Incoach

In*coach" (?), v. t. To put a coach.

Incoact, Incoacted

In`co*act" (?), In`co*act"ed (?), a. [L. incoactus; pref. in- not + coactus forced. See Coact.] Not compelled; unconstrained. [Obs.] Coles.

Incoagulable

In`co*ag"u*la*ble (?), a. Not coagulable.

Incoalescence

In`co*a*les"cence (?), n. The state of not coalescing.

Incocted

In*coct"ed (?), a. [Cf. Concoct.] Raw; indigestible. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Incoercible

In`co*er"ci*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + coercible: cf. F. incoercible.]

1. Not to be coerced; incapable of being compelled or forced.

2. (Physics) Not capable of being reduced to the form of a liquid by pressure; -- said of any gas above its critical point; -- also particularly of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide, formerly regarded as incapable of liquefaction at any temperature or pressure.

3. (Physics) That can note be confined in, or excluded from, vessels, like ordinary fluids, gases, etc.; -- said of the imponderable fluids, heat, light, electricity, etc.

Incoexistence

In`co*ex*ist"ence (?), n. The state of not coexisting. [Obs.] Locke.

Incog

In*cog" (?), adv. Incognito. [Colloq.]
Depend upon it -- he'll remain incog. Addison.

Incogitable

In*cog"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. incogitabilis; pref. in- not + cogitabilis cogitable.] Not cogitable; inconceivable. Sir T. More.

Incogitance, Incogitancy

In*cog"i*tance (?), In*cog"i*tan*cy (?), n. [L. incogitantia.] Want of thought, or of the power of thinking; thoughtlessness; unreasonableness.
'T is folly and incogitancy to argue anything, one way or the other, from the designs of a sort of beings with whom we so little communicate. Glanvill.

Incogitant

In*cog"i*tant (?), a. [L. incogitans; pref. in- not + cogitans, p. pr. of cogitare to think. See Cogitate.] Toughtless; inconsiderate. [R.] Milton.
Men are careless and incogitant. J. Goodman.

Incogitantly

In*cog"i*tant*ly, adv. In an incogitant manner.

Incogitative

In*cog"i*ta*tive (?), a. Not cogitative; not thinking; wanting the power of thought; as, a vegetable is an incogitative being. Locke.

Incogitativity

In*cog`i*ta*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being incogitative; want of thought or of the power of thinking. Wollaston.

Incognita

In*cog"ni*ta (?), n. [See Incognito.]

1. A woman who is unknown or in disguise.

2. The state of being in disguise; -- said of a woman.

Incognitant

In*cog"ni*tant (?), a. Ignorant. [Obs.]

Incognito

In*cog"ni*to (?), a. ∨ adv. [It. incognito, masc., incognita, fem., L. incognitus unknown; pref. in- not + cognitus known, p. p. of cognoscere: cf. F. incognito, fr. It. See Cognition.] Without being known; in disguise; in an assumed character, or under an assumed title; -- said esp. of great personages who sometimes adopt a disguise or an assumed character in order to avoid notice.
'T was long ago Since gods come down incognito. Prior.
The prince royal of Persia came thither incognito. Tatler.

Incognito

In*cog"ni*to, n.; pl. Incognitos (#). [See Incognito, a.]

1. One unknown or in disguise, or under an assumed character or name.

2. The assumption of disguise or of a feigned character; the state of being in disguise or not recognized.

His incognito was endangered. Sir W. Scott.

Incognizable

In*cog"ni*za*ble (?), a. Not cognizable; incapable of being recognized, known, or distinguished. H. Spenser.
The Lettish race, not a primitive stock of the Slavi, but a distinct branch, now become incognizable. Tooke.

Incognizance

In*cog"ni*zance (?), n. Failure to cognize, apprehended, or notice.
This incognizance may be explained. Sir W. Hamilton.

Incognizant

In*cog"ni*zant (?), a. Not cognizant; failing to apprehended or notice.
Of the several operations themselves, as acts of volition, we are wholly incognizant. Sir W. Hamilton.

Incognoscible

In`cog*nos"ci*ble (?), a. Incognizable. -- In`cog*nos"ci*bil"i*ty (#), n.

Incoherence, Incoherency

In`co*her"ence (?), In`co*her"en*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. incoh\'82rence.]

1. The quality or state of being incoherent; want of coherence; want of cohesion or adherence. Boyle.

2. Want of connection; incongruity; inconsistency; want of agreement or dependence of one part on another; as, the incoherence of arguments, facts, etc.

Incoherences in matter, and suppositions without proofs, put handsomely together, are apt to pass for strong reason. Locke.

3. That which is incoherent.

Crude incoherencies . . . and nauseous tautologies. South.

Incoherent

In`co*her"ent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + coherent: cf. F. incoh\'82rent.]

1. Not coherent; wanting cohesion; loose; unconnected; physically disconnected; not fixed to each; -- said of material substances. Woodward.

2. Wanting coherence or agreement; incongruous; inconsistent; having no dependence of one part on another; logically disconnected. "The same rambling, incoherent manner." Bp. Warburton.

Incoherentific

In`co*her`en*tif"ic (?), a. [E. incoherent + L. facere to make.] Causing incoherence. [R.]

Incoherently

In`co*her"ent*ly (?), adv. In an incoherent manner; without due connection of parts.

Incoherentness

In`co*her"ent*ness, n. Incoherence.

Incoincidence

In`co*in"ci*dence (?), n. The quality of being incoincident; want of coincidence. [R.]

Incoincident

In`co*in"ci*dent (?), a. Not coincident; not agreeing in time, in place, or principle.

Incolumity

In`co*lu"mi*ty (?), n. [L. incolumitas, fr. incolumis uninjured, safe; perh. fr. in intens. + (doubtful) columis safe.] Safety; security. [Obs.] Howell.

Incomber

In*com"ber (?), v. t. See Encumber.

Incombine

In`com*bine" (?), v. i. To be incapable of combining; to disagree; to differ. [Obs.] Milton.

Incombustibility

In`com*bus`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incombustilit\'82.] The quality of being incombustible.

Incombustible

In`com*bus"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + combustible: cf. F. incombustible.] Not combustible; not capable of being burned, decomposed, or consumed by fire; uninflammable; as, asbestus is an incombustible substance; carbon dioxide is an incombustible gas. Incombustible cloth, a tissue of amianthus or asbestus; also, a fabric imbued with an incombustible substance. -- In`com*bus"ti*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*bus"ti*bly, adv.

Income

In"come (?), n.

1. A coming in; entrance; admittance; ingress; infusion. [Obs.] Shak.

More abundant incomes of light and strength from God. Bp. Rust.
At mine income I louted low. Drant.

2. That which is caused to enter; inspiration; influence; hence, courage or zeal imparted. [R.]

I would then make in and steep My income in their blood. Chapman.

3. That gain which proceeds from labor, business, property, or capital of any kind, as the produce of a farm, the rent of houses, the proceeds of professional business, the profits of commerce or of occupation, or the interest of money or stock in funds, etc.; revenue; receipts; salary; especially, the annual receipts of a private person, or a corporation, from property; as, a large income.

No fields afford So large an income to the village lord. Dryden.

4. (Physiol.) That which is taken into the body as food; the ingesta; -- sometimes restricted to the nutritive, or digestible, portion of the food. See Food. Opposed to output. Income bond, a bond issued on the income of the corporation or company issuing it, and the interest of which is to be paid from the earnings of the company before any dividends are made to stockholders; -- issued chiefly or exclusively by railroad companies. -- Income tax, a tax upon a person's incomes, emoluments, profits, etc., or upon the excess beyond a certain amount. Syn. -- Gain; profit; proceeds; salary; revenue; receipts; interest; emolument; produce.

Incomer

In"com`er (?), n.

1. One who comes in.

Outgoers and incomers. Lew Wallace.

2. One who succeeds another, as a tenant of land, houses, etc. [Eng.]

Incoming

In"com`ing, a.

1. Coming in; accruing.

A full incoming profit on the product of his labor. Burke.

2. Coming in, succeeding, or following, as occupant or possessor; as, in incoming tenant.

Incoming

In"com`ing, n.

1. The act of coming in; arrival.

The incomings and outgoings of the trains. Dickens.

2. Income; gain. [R.]

Many incomings are subject to great fluctuations. Tooke.

Incomity

In*com"i*ty (?), n. Want of comity; incivility; rudeness. [R.]

In commendam

In com*men"dam (?). [See Commendam.] (Law) See Commendam, and Partnership in Commendam, under Partnership.

Incommensurability

In`com*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incommensurabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being incommensurable. Reid.

Incommensurable

In`com*men"su*ra*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + commensurable: cf. F. incommensurable.] Not commensurable; having no common measure or standard of comparison; as, quantities are incommensurable when no third quantity can be found that is an aliquot part of both; the side and diagonal of a square are incommensurable with each other; the diameter and circumference of a circle are incommensurable.
They are quantities incommensurable. Burke.
-- In`com*men"su*ra*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*men"su*ra*bly, adv.

Incommensurable

In`com*men"su*ra*ble (?), n. One of two or more quantities which have no common measure.

Incommensurate

In`com*men"su*rate (?), a.

1. Not commensurate; not admitting of a common measure; incommensurable.

2. Not of equal of sufficient measure or extent; not adequate; as, our means are incommensurate to our wants. Syn. -- Inadequate; insufficient; disproportionate. -- In`com*men"su*rate*ly, adv. -- In`com*men"su*rate*ness, n.

Incommiscible

In`com*mis"ci*ble (?), a. [L. incommiscibilis; pref. in- not + commiscibilis that can be mingled.] Not commiscible; not mixable.

Incommixture

In`com*mix"ture (?; 135), n. A state of being unmixed; separateness. Sir T. Browne.

Incommodate

In*com"mo*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incommodated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incommodating (?).] [L. incommodare. See Incommode.] To incommode. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Incommodation

In*com`mo*da"tion (?), n. The state of being incommoded; inconvenience. [Obs.]

Incommode

In`com*mode" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incommoded; p. pr. & vb. n. Incommoding.] [F. incommoder, L. incommodare inconvenient; pref. in- not + commodus convenient. See Commodious.] To give inconvenience or trouble to; to disturb or molest; to discommode; to worry; to put out; as, we are incommoded by want of room. Syn. -- To annoy; disturb; trouble; molest; disaccomodate; inconvenience; disquiet; vex; plague.

Incommode

In`com*mode", n. An inconvenience. [R.] Strype.

Incommodement

In`com*mode"ment (?), n. The act of incommoded. [Obs.] Cheyne.

Incommodious

In`com*mo"di*ous (?), a. [Pref. in- not + commodious: cf. LL. incommodious, L. incommodus, F. incommode.] Tending to incommode; not commodious; not affording ease or advantage; unsuitable; giving trouble; inconvenient; annoying; as, an incommodious seat; an incommodious arrangement. -- In`com*mo"di*ous*ly, adv. -- In`com*mo"di*ous*ness, n.

Incommodity

In`com*mo"di*ty (?), n.; pl. Incommodities (#). [L. incommoditas: cf. F. incommodit\'82. See Incommodious.] Inconvenience; trouble; annoyance; disadvantage; encumbrance. [Archaic] Bunyan.
A great incommodity to the body. Jer. Taylor.
Buried him under a bulk of incommodities. Hawthorne.

Incommunicability

In`com*mu`ni*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incommunicabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being incommunicable, or incapable of being imparted.

Incommunicable

In`com*mu"ni*ca*ble (?), a. [L. incommunicabilis: cf. F. incommunicable. See In- not, and Communicable.] Not communicable; incapable of being communicated, shared, told, or imparted, to others.
Health and understanding are incommunicable. Southey.
Those incommunicable relations of the divine love. South.
-- In`com*mu"ni*ca*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*mu"ni*ca*bly, adv.

Incommunicated

In`com*mu"ni*ca`ted (?), a. Not communicated or imparted. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Incommunicating

In`com*mu"ni*ca`ting, a. Having no communion or intercourse with each other. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

Incommunicative

In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive (?), a. Not communicative; not free or apt to impart to others in conversation; reserved; silent; as, the messenger was incommunicative; hence, not disposed to hold fellowship or intercourse with others; exclusive.
The Chinese . . . an incommunicative nation. C. Buchanan.
-- In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ly, adv. -- In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ness, n. Lamb.
His usual incommunicativeness. G. Eliot.

Incommutability

In`com*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. incommutabilitas: cf. F. incommutabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being incommutable.

Incommutable

In`com*mut"a*ble (?), a. [L. incommutabilis: cf. F. incommutable. See In- not, and Commutable.] Not commutable; not capable of being exchanged with, or substituted for, another. Cudworth. -- In`com*mut"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*mut"a*bly, adv.

Incompact, Incompacted

In`com*pact" (?), In`com*pact"ed, a. Not compact; not having the parts firmly united; not solid; incoherent; loose; discrete. Boyle.

Incomparable

In*com"pa*ra*ble (?), a. [L. incomparabilis: cf. F. incomparable. See In- not, and Comparable.] Not comparable; admitting of no comparison with others; unapproachably eminent; without a peer or equal; matchless; peerless; transcendent.
A merchant of incomparable wealth. Shak.
A new hypothesis . . . which hath the incomparable Sir Isaac Newton for a patron. Bp. Warburton.
-- In*com"pa*ra*ble*ness, n. -- In*com"pa*ra*bly, adv.
Delights incomparably all those corporeal things. Bp. Wilkins.

Incompared

In`com*pared" (?), a. Peerless; incomparable. [Obs.] Spenser.

Incompass

In*com"pass (?), v. t. See Encompass.

Incompassion

In`com*pas"sion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + compassion: cf. F. incompassion.] Want of compassion or pity. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

Incompassionate

In`com*pas"sion*ate (?), a. Not compassionate; void of pity or of tenderness; remorseless. -- In`com*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv. -- In`com*pas"sion*ate*ness, n.

Incompatibility

In`com*pat`i*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. -ties (. [Cf. F. incompatibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being incompatible; inconsistency; irreconcilableness.

Incompatible

In`com*pat"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + compatible: cf. F. incompatible.] [It was formerly sometimes written incompetible.]

1. Not compatible; so differing as to be incapable of harmonious combination or coexistence; inconsistent in thought or being; irreconcilably disagreeing; as, persons of incompatible tempers; incompatible colors, desires, ambition.

A strength and obduracy of character incompatible with his meek and innocent nature. Southey.

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2. (Chem.) Incapable of being together without mutual reaction or decomposition, as certain medicines. Incompatible terms (Logic), terms which can not be combined in thought. Syn. -- Inconsistent; incongruous; dissimilar; irreconcilable; unsuitable; disagreeing; inharmonious; discordant; repugnant; contradictory. See Inconsistent.

Incompatible

In`com*pat"i*ble (?), n. (Med. & Chem.) An incompatible substance; esp., in pl., things which can not be placed or used together because of a change of chemical composition or of opposing medicinal qualities; as, the incompatibles of iron.

Incompatibleness

In`com*pat"i*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being incompatible; incompatibility.

Incompatibly

In`com*pat"i*bly, adv. In an incompatible manner; inconsistently; incongruously.

Incompetence, Incompetency

In*com"pe*tence (?), In*com"pe*tency (?), n. [Cf. F. incomp\'82tence.]

1. The quality or state of being incompetent; want of physical, intellectual, or moral ability; insufficiency; inadequacy; as, the incompetency of a child hard labor, or of an idiot for intellectual efforts. "Some inherent incompetency." Gladstone.

2. (Law) Want of competency or legal fitness; incapacity; disqualification, as of a person to be heard as a witness, or to act as a juror, or of a judge to try a cause. Syn. -- Inability; insufficiency; inadequacy; disqualification; incapability; unfitness.

Incompetent

In*com"pe*tent (?), a. [L. incompetens: cf. F. incomp\'82tent. See In- not, and Competent.]

1. Not competent; wanting in adequate strength, power, capacity, means, qualifications, or the like; incapable; unable; inadequate; unfit.

Incompetent to perform the duties of the place. Macaulay.

2. (Law) Wanting the legal or constitutional qualifications; inadmissible; as, a person professedly wanting in religious belief is an incompetent witness in a court of law or equity; incompetent evidence.

Richard III. had a resolution, out of hatred to his brethren, to disable their issues, upon false and incompetent pretexts, the one of attainder, the other of illegitimation. Bacon.

3. Not lying within one's competency, capacity, or authorized power; not permissible. Syn. -- Incapable; unable; inadequate; insufficient; inefficient; disqualified; unfit; improper. -- Incompetent, Incapable. Incompetent is a relative term, denoting a want of the requisite qualifications for performing a given act, service, etc.; incapable is absolute in its meaning, denoting want of power, either natural or moral. We speak of a man as incompetent to a certain task, of an incompetent judge, etc. We say of an idiot that he is incapable of learning to read; and of a man distinguished for his honor, that he is incapable of a mean action.

Incompetently

In*com"pe*tent*ly, adv. In an competent manner; inadequately; unsuitably.

Incompetibility

In`com*pet`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. See Incompatibility.

Incompetible

In`com*pet"i*ble (?), a. See Incompatible.

Incomplete

In`com*plete" (?), a. [L. incompletus: cf. F. incomplet. See In- not, and Complete.]

1. Not complete; not filled up; not finished; not having all its parts, or not having them all adjusted; imperfect; defective.

A most imperfect and incomplete divine. Milton.

2. (Bot.) Wanting any of the usual floral organs; -- said of a flower. Incomplete equation (Alg.), an equation some of whose terms are wanting; or one in which the coefficient of some one or more of the powers of the unknown quantity is equal to 0.

Incompletely

In`com*plete"ly, adv. In an incomplete manner.

Incompleteness

In`com*plete"ness, n. The state of being incomplete; imperfectness; defectiveness. Boyle.

Incompletion

In`com*ple"tion (?), n. Want of completion; incompleteness. Smart.

Incomplex

In`com*plex" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + complex: cf. F. incomplexe.] Not complex; uncompounded; simple. Barrow.

Incompliable

In`com*pli"a*ble (?), a. Not compliable; not conformable.

Incompliance

In`com*pli"ance (?), n.

1. The quality or state of being incompliant; unyielding temper; obstinacy.

Self-conceit produces peevishness and incompliance of humor in things lawful and indifferent. Tillotson.

2. Refusal or failure to comply. Strype.

Incompliant

In`com*pli"ant (?), a. Not compliant; unyielding to request, solicitation, or command; stubborn. -- In`com*pli"ant*ly, adv.

Incomposed

In`com*posed" (?), a. Disordered; disturbed. [Obs.] Milton. -- In`com*po"sed*ly (#), adv. [Obs.] -- In`com*pos"ed*ness, n. [Obs.]

Incomposite

In`com*pos"ite (?), a. [L. incompositus. See Composite.] Not composite; uncompounded; simple. Incomposite numbers. See Prime numbers, under Prime.

Incompossible

In`com*pos"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + compossible: cf. F. incompossible.] Not capable of joint existence; incompatible; inconsistent. [Obs.]
Ambition and faith . . . are . . . incompossible. Jer. Taylor.
-- In`com*pos`si*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Obs.]

Incomprehense

In*com`pre*hense" (?), a. [L. incomprehensus.] Incomprehensible. [Obs.] "Incomprehense in virtue." Marston.

Incomprehensibility

In*com`pre*hen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incompr\'82hensibilit\'82.] The quality of being incomprehensible, or beyond the reach of human intellect; incomprehensibleness; inconceivability; inexplicability.
The constant, universal sense of all antiquity unanimously confessing an incomprehensibility in many of the articles of the Christian faith. South.

Incomprehensible

In*com`pre*hen"si*ble (?), a. [L. incomprehensibilis: cf. F. incompr\'82hensible. See In- not, and Comprehensible.]

1. Not capable of being contained within limits.

An infinite and incomprehensible substance. Hooker.

2. Not capable of being comprehended or understood; beyond the reach of the human intellect; inconceivable.

And all her numbered stars that seem to roll Spaces incomprehensible. Milton.
-- In*com`pre*hen"si*ble*ness, n. -- In*com`pre*hen"si*bly, adv.

Incomprehension

In*com`pre*hen"sion (?), n. Want of comprehension or understanding. "These mazes and incomprehensions." Bacon.

Incomprehensive

In*com`pre*hen"sive (?), a. Not comprehensive; not capable of including or of understanding; not extensive; limited. -- In*com`pre*hen"sive*ly, a. Sir W. Hamilton. -- In*com`pre*hen"sive*ness, n. T. Warton.

Incompressibility

In`com*press`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incompressibilit\'82.] The quality of being incompressible, or incapable of reduction in volume by pressure; -- formerly supposed to be a property of liquids.
The incompressibility of water is not absolute. Rees.

Incompressible

In`com*press"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + compressible: cf. F. incompressible.] Not compressible; incapable of being reduced by force or pressure into a smaller compass or volume; resisting compression; as, many liquids and solids appear to be almost incompressible. -- In`com*press"i*ble*ness, n.

Incomputable

In`com*put"a*ble (?), a. Not computable.

Inconcealable

In`con*ceal"a*ble (?), a. Not concealable. "Inconcealable imperfections." Sir T. Browne.

Inconceivability

In`con*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inconceivable; inconceivableness.
The inconceivability of the Infinite. Mansel.

Inconceivable

In`con*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conceivable: cf. F. inconcevable.] Not conceivable; incapable of being conceived by the mind; not explicable by the human intellect, or by any known principles or agencies; incomprehensible; as, it is inconceivable to us how the will acts in producing muscular motion.
It is inconceivable to me that a spiritual substance should represent an extended figure. Locke.
-- In`con*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*ceiv"a*bly, adv.
The inconceivableness of a quality existing without any subject to possess it. A. Tucker.

Inconceptible

In`con*cep"ti*ble (?), a. Inconceivable. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

Inconcerning

In`con*cern"ing (?), a. Unimportant; trifling. [Obs.] "Trifling and inconcerning matters." Fuller.

Inconcinne

In`con*cinne" (?), a. [See Inconcinnous.] Dissimilar; incongruous; unsuitable. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Inconcinnity

In`con*cin"ni*ty (?), n. [L. inconcinnitas.] Want of concinnity or congruousness; unsuitableness.
There is an inconcinnity in admitting these words. Trench.

Inconcinnous

In`con*cin"nous (?), a. [L. inconcinnus. See In- not, and Concinnity.] Not concinnous; unsuitable; discordant. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Inconcludent

In`con*clud"ent (?), a. Not inferring a conclusion or consequence; not conclusive. [Obs.]

Inconcluding

In`con*clud"ing, a. Inferring no consequence. [Obs.]

Inconclusive

In`con*clu"sive (?), a. Not conclusive; leading to no conclusion; not closing or settling a point in debate, or a doubtful question; as, evidence is inconclusive when it does not exhibit the truth of a disputed case in such a manner as to satisfy the mind, and put an end to debate or doubt.
Arguments . . . inconclusive and impertinent. South.
-- In`con*clu"sive*ly, adv. -- In`con*clu"sive*ness, n.

Inconcoct

In`con*coct" (?), a. [L. pref. in- not + concoctus, p. p. of concoquere. See Concoct.] Inconcocted. [Obs.]

Inconcocted

In`con*coct"ed, a. [Pref. in- not + concocted.] Imperfectly digested, matured, or ripened. [Obs.] Bacon.

Inconcoction

In`con*coc"tion (?), n. The state of being undigested; unripeness; immaturity. [Obs.] Bacon.

Inconcrete

In*con"crete (?), a. [L. inconcretus incorporeal.] Not concrete. [R.] L. Andrews.

Inconcurring

In`con*cur"ring, a. Not concurring; disagreeing. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Inconcussible

In`con*cus"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + L. concussibilis that can be shaken. See Concussion.] Not concussible; that cannot be shaken.

Incondensability, Incondensibility

In`con*den`sa*bil"i*ty (?), In`con*den`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being incondensable.

Incondensable, Incondensible

In`con*den"sa*ble (?), In`con*den"si*ble, a. Not condensable; incapable of being made more dense or compact, or reduced to liquid form.

Incondite

In"con*dite (?; 277), a. [L. inconditus; pref. in- not + conditus, p. p. of condere to put or join together. See Condition.] Badly put together; inartificial; rude; unpolished; irregular. "Carol incondite rhymes." J. Philips.

Inconditional

In`con*di"tion*al (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conditional: cf. F. inconditionnel.] Unconditional. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Inconditionate

In`con*di"tion*ate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conditionate: cf. F. inconditionn\'82.] Not conditioned; not limited; absolute. [Obs.] Boyle.

Inconform

In`con*form" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conform.] Unconformable. [Obs.] Gauden.

Inconformable

In`con*form"a*ble (?), a. Unconformable. [Obs.]

Inconformity

In`con*form"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inconformit\'82.] Want of conformity; nonconformity. [Obs.]

Inconfused

In`con*fused" (?), a. Not confused; distinct. [Obs.]

Inconfusion

In`con*fu"sion (?) n. Freedom from confusion; distinctness. [Obs.] Bacon.

Inconfutable

In`con*fut"a*ble (?), a. Not confutable. -- In`con*fut"a*bly, adv. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Incongealable

In`con*geal"a*ble (?), a. [L. incongelabilis. See Congeal.] Not congealable; incapable of being congealed. -- In`con*geal"a*ble*ness, n.

Incongenial

In`con*gen"ial (?), a. Not congenial; uncongenial. [R.] -- In`con*ge`ni*al"i*ty (#). [R.] <-- no POS in original for -ity -->

Incongruence

In*con"gru*ence (?), n. [L. incongruentia.] Want of congruence; incongruity. Boyle.

Incongruent

In*con"gru*ent (?), a. [L. incongruens. See In- not, and Congruent.] Incongruous. Sir T. Elyot.

Incongruity

In`con*gru"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Incongruities (#). [Pref. in- not + congruity: cf. F. incongruit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being incongruous; want of congruity; unsuitableness; inconsistency; impropriety.

The fathers make use of this acknowledgment of the incongruity of images to the Deity, from thence to prove the incongruity of the worship of them. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. Disagreement of parts; want of symmetry or of harmony. [Obs.]

3. That which is incongruous; want of congruity.

Incongruous

In*con"gru*ous (?), a. [L. incongruus. See In- not, and Congruous.] Not congruous; reciprocally disagreeing; not capable of harmonizing or readily assimilating; inharmonious; inappropriate; unsuitable; not fitting; inconsistent; improper; as, an incongruous remark; incongruous behavior, action, dress, etc. "Incongruous mixtures of opinions." I. Taylor. "Made up of incongruous parts." Macaulay.
Incongruous denotes that kind of absence of harmony or suitableness of which the taste and experience of men takes cognizance. C. J. Smith.
Incongruous numbers (Arith.), two numbers, which, with respect to a third, are such that their difference can not be divided by it without a remainder, the two numbers being said to be incongruous with respect to the third; as, twenty-five are incongruous with respect to four. Syn. -- Inconsistent; unsuitable; inharmonious; disagreeing; absurd; inappropriate; unfit; improper. See Inconsistent. -- In*con"gru*ous*ly, adv. -- In*con"gru*ous*ness, n.

Inconnected

In`con*nect"ed (?), a. Not connected; disconnected. [R.] Bp. Warburton.

Inconnection

In`con*nec"tion (?), n. Disconnection.

Inconnexedly

In`con*nex"ed*ly (?), adv. [Pref. in- not + connexed (p. p. of connex) + -ly.] Not connectedly; without connection. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Inconscionable

In*con"scion*a*ble (?), a. Unconscionable. [Obs.] Spenser.

Inconscious

In*con"scious (?), a. Unconscious. [Obs.]

Inconsecutiveness

In`con*sec"u*tive*ness (?), n. The state or quality of not being consecutive. J. H. Newman.

Inconsequence

In*con"se*quence (?), n. [L. inconsequentia: cf. F. incons\'82quence.] The quality or state of being inconsequent; want of just or logical inference or argument; inconclusiveness. Bp. Stillingfleet.
Strange, that you should not see the inconsequence of your own reasoning! Bp. Hurd.

Inconsequent

In*con"se*quent (?), a. [L. inconsequens: cf. F. incons\'82quent. See In- not, and Consequent.] Not following from the premises; not regularly inferred; invalid; not characterized by logical method; illogical; arbitrary; inconsistent; of no consequence.
Loose and inconsequent conjectures. Sir T. Browne.

Inconsequential

In*con`se*quen"tial (?), a. Not regularly following from the premises; hence, irrelevant; unimportant; of no consequence. Chesterfield. -- In*con`se*quen"tial*ly (#), adv.

Inconsequentiality

In*con`se*quen`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being inconsequential.

Inconsequentness

In*con"se*quent*ness (?), n. Inconsequence.

Inconsiderable

In`con*sid"er*a*ble (?), a. Not considerable; unworthy of consideration or notice; unimportant; small; trivial; as, an inconsiderable distance; an inconsiderable quantity, degree, value, or sum. "The baser scum and inconsiderable dregs of Rome." Stepney. -- In`con*sid"er*a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*sid"er*a*bly, adv.

Inconsideracy

In`con*sid"er*a*cy (?), n. Inconsiderateness; thoughtlessness. [Obs.] Chesterfield.

Inconsiderate

In`con*sid"er*ate (?), a. [L. inconsideratus. See In- not, and Considerate.]

1. Not considerate; not attentive to safety or to propriety; not regarding the rights or feelings of others; hasty; careless; thoughtless; heedless; as, the young are generally inconsiderate; inconsiderate conduct.

It is a very unhappy token of our corruption, that therinconsiderate among us as to sacrifice morality to politics. Addison.

2. Inconsiderable. [Obs.] E. Terry. Syn. -- Thoughtless; inattentive; inadvertent; heedless; negligent; improvident; careless; imprudent; indiscreet; incautious; injudicious; rash; hasty.

Inconsiderately

In`con*sid"er*ate*ly, adv. In an inconsiderate manner.

Inconsiderateness

In`con*sid"er*ate*ness, n. The quality or state of being inconsiderate. Tillotson.

Inconsideration

In`con*sid`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. inconsideratio: cf. F. inconsid\'82ration.] Want of due consideration; inattention to consequences; inconsiderateness.
Blindness of mind, inconsideration, precipitation. Jer. Taylor.
Not gross, willful, deliberate, crimes; but rather the effects of inconsideration. Sharp.

Inconsistence

In`con*sist"ence (?), n. Inconsistency.

Inconsistency

In`con*sist"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Inconsistencies (#). [Cf. F. inconsistance.]

1. The quality or state of being inconsistent; discordance in respect to sentiment or action; such contrariety between two things that both can not exist or be true together; disagreement; incompatibility.

There is a perfect inconsistency between that which is of debt and that which is of free gift. South.

2. Absurdity in argument ore narration; incoherence or irreconcilability in the parts of a statement, argument, or narration; that which is inconsistent.

If a man would register all his opinions upon love, politics, religion, and learning, what a bundle of inconsistencies and contradictions would appear at last! Swift.

3. Want of stability or uniformity; unsteadiness; changeableness; variableness.

Mutability of temper, and inconsistency with ourselves, is the greatest weakness of human nature. Addison.

Inconsistent

In`con*sist"ent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + consistent: cf. F. inconsistant.]

1. Not consistent; showing inconsistency; irreconcilable; discordant; at variance, esp. as regards character, sentiment, or action; incompatible; incongruous; contradictory.


Page 747

Compositions of this nature . . . show that wisdom and virtue are far from being inconsistent with politeness and good humor. Addison.

2. Not exhibiting uniformity of sentiment, steadiness to principle, etc.; unequal; fickle; changeable.

Ah, how unjust to nature, and himself, Is thoughtless, thankless, inconsistent man. Young.
Syn. -- Incompatible; incongruous; irreconcilable; discordant; repugnant; contradictory. -- Inconsistent, Incongruous, Incompatible. Things are incongruous when they are not suited to each other, so that their union is unbecoming; inconsistent when they are opposed to each other, so as render it improper or wrong; incompatible when they can not coexist, and it is therefore impossible to unite them. Habitual levity of mind is incongruous with the profession of a clergyman; it is inconsistent with his ordination vows; it is incompatible with his permanent usefulness. Incongruity attaches to the modes and qualities of things; incompatibility attaches to their essential attributes; inconsistency attaches to the actions, sentiments, etc., of men.

Inconsistently

In`con*sist"ent*ly (?), adv. In an inconsistent manner.

Inconsistentness

In`con*sist"ent*ness, n. Inconsistency. [R.]

Inconsisting

In`con*sist"ing (?), a. Inconsistent. [Obs.]

Inconsolable

In`con*sol"a*ble (?), a. [L. inconsolabilis: cf. F. inconsolable. See In- not, and Console.] Not consolable; incapable of being consoled; grieved beyond susceptibility of comfort; disconsolate. Dryden.
With inconsolable distress she griev'd, And from her cheek the rose of beauty fied. Falconer.
-- In`con*sol"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*sol"a*bly, adv.

Inconsonance, Inconsonancy

In*con"so*nance (?), In*con"so*nan*cy (?), n. Want of consonance or harmony of sound, action, or thought; disagreement.

Inconsonant

In*con"so*nant (?), a. [L. inconsonans. See In- not, and Consonant.] Not consonant or agreeing; inconsistent; discordant. -- In*con"so*nant*ly, adv.

Inconspicuous

In`con*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L. inconspicuus. See In- not, and Conspicuous.] Not conspicuous or noticeable; hardly discernible. -- In`con*spic"u*ous*ly, adv. -- In`con*spic"u*ous*ness, n. Boyle.

Inconstance

In*con"stance (?), n. [F. See Inconstancy.] Inconstancy. Chaucer.

Inconstancy

In*con"stan*cy (?), n. [L. inconstantia.] The quality or state of being inconstant; want of constancy; mutability; fickleness; variableness.
For unto knight there was no greater shame, Than lightness and inconstancie in love. Spenser.

Inconstant

In*con"stant (?), a. [L. inconstans: cf. F. inconstant. See In- not, and Constant.] Not constant; not stable or uniform; subject to change of character, appearance, opinion, inclination, or purpose, etc.; not firm; unsteady; fickle; changeable; variable; -- said of persons or things; as, inconstant in love or friendship. "The inconstant moon." Shak.
While we, inquiring phantoms of a day, Inconstant as the shadows we survey! Boyse.
Syn. -- Mutable; fickle; volatile; unsteady; unstable; changeable; variable; wavering; fluctuating.

Inconstantly

In*con"stant*ly, adv. In an inconstant manner.

Incomsumable

In`com*sum"a*ble (?), a. Not consumable; incapable of being consumed, wasted, or spent. Paley. -- In`con*sum"a*bly, adv.

Inconsummate

In`con*sum"mate (?), a. [L. inconsummatus. See In- not, and Consummate.] Not consummated; not finished; incomplete. Sir M. Hale. -- In`con*sum"mate*ness, n.

Inconsumptible

In`con*sump"ti*ble (?), a. [L. inconsumptibilis.] Inconsumable. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

Incontaminate

In`con*tam"i*nate (?), a. [L. incontamina. See In- not, and not, and Contaminate.] Not contaminated; pure. Moore. -- In`con*tam"i*nate*ness, n.

Incontentation

In*con`ten*ta"tion (?), n. [See In- not, and Content.] Discontent. [Obs.] Goodwin.

Incontestability

In`con*test`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being incontestable.

Incontestable

In`con*test"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + contestable: cf. F. incontestable.] Not contestable; not to be disputed; that cannot be called in question or controverted; incontrovertible; indisputable; as, incontestable evidence, truth, or facts. Locke. Syn. -- Incontrovertible; indisputable; irrefragable; undeniable; unquestionable; intuitable; certain. -- In`con*test"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*test"a*bly, adv.

Incontested

In`con*test"ed, a. Not contested. Addison.

Incontiguous

In`con*tig"u*ous (?), a. [L. incontiguus that can not be touched. See In- not, and Contiguous.] Not contiguous; not adjoining or in contact; separate. Boyle. -- In`con*tig"u*ous*ly, adv.

Incontinence, Incontinency

In*con"ti*nence (?), In*con"ti*nen*cy (?), n. [L. incontinentia: cf. F. incontinence.]

1. Incapacity to hold; hence, incapacity to hold back or restrain; the quality or state of being incontinent; want of continence; failure to restrain the passions or appetites; indulgence of lust; lewdness.

That Satan tempt you not for your incontinency. 1 Cor. vii. 5.
From the rash hand of bold incontinence. Milton.

2. (Med.) The inability of any of the animal organs to restrain the natural evacuations, so that the discharges are involuntary; as, incontinence of urine.

Incontinent

In*con"ti*nent (?), a. [L. incontinens: cf. F. incontinent. See In- not, and Continent.]

1. Not continent; uncontrolled; not restraining the passions or appetites, particularly the sexual appetite; indulging unlawful lust; unchaste; lewd.

2. (Med.) Unable to restrain natural evacuations.

Incontinent

In*con"ti*nent, n. One who is unchaste. B. Jonson.

Incontinent

In*con"ti*nent, adv. [Cf. F. incontinent.] Incontinently; instantly immediately. [Obs.]
He says he will return incontinent. Shak.

Incontinently

In*con"ti*nent*ly, adv.

1. In an incontinent manner; without restraint, or without due restraint; -- used esp. of the passions or appetites.

2. Immediately; at once; forthwith. [Archaic]

Immediately he sent word to Athens that he would incontinently come hither with a host of men. Golding.

Incontracted

In`con*tract"ed (?), a. Uncontracted. [Obs.] Blackwall.

Incontrollable

In`con*trol"la*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + controllable: cf. F. incontr\'93lable.] Not controllable; uncontrollable. -- In`con*trol"la*bly, adv. South.

Incontrovertibility

In*con`tro*ver`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or condition of being incontrovertible.

Incontrovertible

In*con`tro*ver"ti*ble (?), a. Not controvertible; too clear or certain to admit of dispute; indisputable. Sir T. Browne. -- In*con`tro*ver"ti*ble*ness, n. -- In*con`tro*ver"ti*bly, adv.

Inconvenience

In`con*ven"ience (?), n. [L. inconvenientia inconsistency: cf. OF. inconvenience.]

1. The quality or condition of being inconvenient; want of convenience; unfitness; unsuitableness; inexpediency; awkwardness; as, the inconvenience of the arrangement.

They plead against the inconvenience, not the unlawfulness, . . . of ceremonies in burial. Hooker.

2. That which gives trouble, embarrassment, or uneasiness; disadvantage; anything that disturbs quiet, impedes prosperity, or increases the difficulty of action or success; as, one inconvenience of life is poverty.

A place upon the top of Mount Athos above all clouds of rain, or other inconvenience. Sir W. Raleigh.
Man is liable to a great many inconveniences. Tillotson.
Syn. -- Incommodiousness; awkwardness; disadvantage; disquiet; uneasiness; disturbance; annoyance.

Inconvenience

In`con*ven"ience, v. t. To put to inconvenience; to incommode; as, to inconvenience a neighbor.

Inconveniency

In`con*ven"ien*cy (?), n. Inconvenience.

Inconvenient

In`con*ven"ient (?), a. [L. inconveniens unbefitting: cf. F. inconv\'82nient. See In- not, and Convenient.]

1. Not becoming or suitable; unfit; inexpedient.

2. Not convenient; giving trouble, uneasiness, or annoyance; hindering progress or success; uncomfortable; disadvantageous; incommodious; inopportune; as, an inconvenient house, garment, arrangement, or time. Syn. -- Unsuitable; uncomfortable; disaccommodating; awkward; unseasonable; inopportune; incommodious; disadvantageous; troublesome; cumbersome; embarrassing; objectionable.

Inconveniently

In`con*ven"ient*ly, adv. In an inconvenient manner; incommodiously; unsuitably; unseasonably.

Inconversable

In`con*vers"a*ble (?), a. Incommunicative; unsocial; reserved. [Obs.]

Inconversant

In*con"ver*sant (?), a. Not conversant; not acquainted; not versed; unfamiliar.

Inconverted

In`con*vert"ed (?), a. Not turned or changed about. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Inconvertibility

In`con*vert`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. inconvertibilitas.] The quality or state of being inconvertible; not capable of being exchanged for, or converted into, something else; as, the inconvertibility of an irredeemable currency, or of lead, into gold.

Inconvertible

In`con*vert"i*ble (?), a. [L. inconvertibilis: cf. F. inconvertible. See In- not, and Convertible.] Not convertible; not capable of being transmuted, changed into, or exchanged for, something else; as, one metal is inconvertible into another; bank notes are sometimes inconvertible into specie. Walsh.

Inconvertibleness

In`con*vert"i*ble*ness, n. Inconvertibility.

Inconvertibly

In`con*vert"i*bly, adv. In an inconvertible manner.

Inconvincible

In`con*vin"ci*ble (?), a. [L. inconvincibilis. See In- not, and Convince.] Not convincible; incapable of being convinced.
None are so inconvincible as your half-witted people. Gov. of the Tongue.

Inconvincibly

In`con*vin"ci*bly, adv. In a manner not admitting of being convinced.

Incony

In*co"ny (?), a. [Cf. Conny, Canny.] Unlearned; artless; pretty; delicate. [Obs.]
Most sweet jests! most incony vulgar wit! Shak.

Inco\'94rdinate

In`co*\'94r"di*nate (?), a. Not co\'94rdinate.

Inco\'94rdination

In`co*\'94r`di*na"tion (?), n. Want of co\'94rdination; lack of harmonious adjustment or action. Inco\'94rdination of muscular movement (Physiol.), irregularity in movements resulting from inharmonious action of the muscles in consequence of loss of voluntary control over them.

Incoronate

In*cor"o*nate (?), a. [Pref. in- in + coronate.] Crowned. [R.] Longfellow.

Incorporal

In*cor"po*ral (?), a. [L. incorporalis. See In- not, and Corporal, and cf. Incorporeal.] Immaterial; incorporeal; spiritual. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Incorporality

In*cor`po*ral"i*ty (?), n. [L. incorporalitas: cf. F. incorporalit\'82.] Incorporeality. [Obs.] Bailey.

Incorporally

In*cor"po*ral*ly (?), adv. Incorporeally. [Obs.]

Incorporate

In*cor"po*rate (?), a. [L. incorporatus. See In- not, and Corporate.]

1. Not consisting of matter; not having a material body; incorporeal; spiritual.

Moses forbore to speak of angles, and things invisible, and incorporate. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Not incorporated; not existing as a corporation; as, an incorporate banking association.

Incorporate

In*cor"po*rate, a. [L. incorporatus, p. p. of incorporare to incorporate; pref. in- in + corporare to make into a body. See Corporate.] Corporate; incorporated; made one body, or united in one body; associated; mixed together; combined; embodied.
As if our hands, our sides, voices, and minds Had been incorporate. Shak.
A fifteenth part of silver incorporate with gold. Bacon.

Incorporate

In*cor"po*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incorporated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incorporating (?).]

1. To form into a body; to combine, as different ingredients. into one consistent mass.

By your leaves, you shall not stay alone, Till holy church incorporate two in one. Shak.

2. To unite with a material body; to give a material form to; to embody.

The idolaters, who worshiped their images as golds, supposed some spirit to be incorporated therein. Bp. Stillingfleet.

3. To unite with, or introduce into, a mass already formed; as, to incorporate copper with silver; -- used with with and into.

4. To unite intimately; to blend; to assimilate; to combine into a structure or organization, whether material or mental; as, to incorporate provinces into the realm; to incorporate another's ideas into one's work.

The Romans did not subdue a country to put the inhabitants to fire and sword, but to incorporate them into their own community. Addison.

5. To form into a legal body, or body politic; to constitute into a corporation recognized by law, with special functions, rights, duties and liabilities; as, to incorporate a bank, a railroad company, a city or town, etc.

Incorporate

In*cor"po*rate (?), v. i. To unite in one body so as to make a part of it; to be mixed or blended; -- usually followed by with.
Painters' colors and ashes do better incorporate will oil. Bacon.
He never suffers wrong so long to grow, And to incorporate with right so far As it might come to seem the same in show. Daniel.

Incorporated

In*cor"po*ra`ted (?), a. United in one body; formed into a corporation; made a legal entity.

Incorporation

In*cor`po*ra"tion (?), n. [L. incorporatio: cf. F. incorporation.]

1. The act of incorporating, or the state of being incorporated.

2. The union of different ingredients in one mass; mixture; combination; synthesis.

3. The union of something with a body already existing; association; intimate union; assimilation; as, the incorporation of conquered countries into the Roman republic.

4. (Law) (a) The act of creating a corporation. (b) A body incorporated; a corporation.

Incorporative

In*cor"po*ra*tive (?), a. Incorporating or tending to incorporate; as, the incorporative languages (as of the Basques, North American Indians, etc. ) which run a whole phrase into one word.
History demonstrates that incorporative unions are solid and permanent; but that a federal union is weak. W. Belsham.

Incorporator

In*cor"po*ra`tor (?), n. One of a number of persons who gets a company incorporated; one of the original members of a corporation.

Incorporeal

In`cor*po"re*al (?), a. [Pref. in- not + corporeal: cf. L. incorporeus. Cf. Incorporal.]

1. Not corporeal; not having a material body or form; not consisting of matter; immaterial.

Thus incorporeal spirits to smaller forms Reduced their shapes immense. Milton.
Sense and perception must necessarily proceed from some incorporeal substance within us. Bentley.

2. (Law) Existing only in contemplation of law; not capable of actual visible seizin or possession; not being an object of sense; intangible; -- opposed to corporeal. Incorporeal hereditament. See under Hereditament. Syn. -- Immaterial; unsubstantial; bodiless; spiritual.

Incorporealism

In`cor*po"re*al*ism (?), n. Existence without a body or material form; immateriality. Cudworth.

Incorporealist

In`cor*po"re*al*ist, n. One who believes in incorporealism. Cudworth.

Incorporeality

In`cor*po`re*al"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being incorporeal or bodiless; immateriality; incorporealism. G. Eliot.

Incorporeally

In`cor*po"re*al*ly (?), adv. In an incorporeal manner. Bacon.

Incorporeity

In*cor`po*re"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + corporeity: cf. F. incorpor\'82ite.] The quality of being incorporeal; immateriality. Berkeley.

Incorpse

In*corpse" (?), v. t. To incorporate. [R.] Shak.

Incorrect

In`cor*rect" (?), a. [L. incorrectus: cf. F. incorrect. See In- not, and Correct.]

1. Not correct; not according to a copy or model, or to established rules; inaccurate; faulty.

The piece, you think, is incorrect. Pope.

2. Not in accordance with the truth; inaccurate; not exact; as, an incorrect statement or calculation.

3. Not accordant with duty or morality; not duly regulated or subordinated; unbecoming; improper; as, incorrect conduct.

It shows a will most incorrect to heaven. Shak.
The wit of the last age was yet more incorrect than their language. Dryden.
Syn. -- Inaccurate; erroneous; wrong; faulty.

Incorrection

In`cor*rec"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + correction: cf. F. incorrection.] Want of correction, restraint, or discipline. [Obs.] Arnway.

Incorrectly

In`cor*rect"ly (?), adv. Not correctly; inaccurately; not exactly; as, a writing incorrectly copied; testimony incorrectly stated.

Incorrectness

In`cor*rect"ness, n. The quality of being incorrect; want of conformity to truth or to a standard; inaccuracy; inexactness; as incorrectness may in defect or in redundance.

Incorrespondence, Incorrespondency

In*cor`re*spond"ence (?), In*cor`re*spond"en*cy (?), n. Want of correspondence; disagreement; disproportion. [R.]

Incorresponding

In*cor`re*spond"ing, a. Not corresponding; disagreeing. [R.] Coleridge.

Incorrigibility

In*cor`ri*gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incorrigibilit\'82.] The state or quality of being incorrigible.
The ingratitude, the incorrigibility, the strange perverseness . . . of mankind. Barrow.

Incorrigible

In*cor"ri*gi*ble (?), a. [L. incorrigibilis: cf. F. incorrigible. See In- not, and Corrigible.] Not corrigible; incapable of being corrected or amended; bad beyond correction; irreclaimable; as, incorrigible error. "Incorrigible fools." Dryden.

Incorrigible

In*cor"ri*gi*ble (?), n. One who is corrigible; especially, a hardened criminal; as, the perpetual imprisonment of incorrigibles.
Page 748

Incorrigibleness

In*cor"ri*gi*ble*ness (?), n. Incorrigibility. Dr. H. More.

Incorrigibly

In*cor"ri*gi*bly, adv. In an incorrigible manner.

Incorrodible

In`cor*rod"i*ble (?), a. Incapable of being corroded, consumed, or eaten away.

Incorrupt

In"cor*rupt" (?), a. [L. incorruptus. See In- not, and Corrupt.]

1. Not affected with corruption or decay; unimpaired; not marred or spoiled.

2. Not defiled or depraved; pure; sound; untainted; above the influence of bribes; upright; honest. Milton.

Your Christian principles . . . which will preserve you incorrupt as individuals. Bp. Hurd.

Incorrupted

In"cor*rupt"ed (?), a. Uncorrupted. [Obs.]
Breathed into their incorrupted breasts. Sir J. Davies.

Incorruptibility

In`cor*rupt`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. incorruptibilitas: cf. F. incorruptibilit\'82.] The quality of being incorruptible; incapability of corruption. Holland.

Incorruptible

In"cor*rupt"i*ble (?), a. [L. incorruptibilis: cf. F. incorruptible. See In- not, and Corrupt.]

1. Not corruptible; incapable of corruption, decay, or dissolution; as, gold is incorruptible.

Our bodies shall be changed into incorruptible and immortal substances. Wake.

2. Incapable of being bribed or morally corrupted; inflexibly just and upright.

Incorruptible

In"cor*rupt"i*ble, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a religious sect which arose in Alexandria, in the reign of the Emperor Justinian, and which believed that the body of Christ was incorruptible, and that he suffered hunger, thirst, pain, only in appearance.

Incorruptible

In"cor*rupt"i*ble, n. The quality or state of being incorruptible. Boyle.

Incorruptibly

In"cor*rupt"i*bly, adv. In an incorruptible manner.

Incorruption

In"cor*rup"tion (?), n. [L. incorruptio: cf. F. incorruption. See In- not, and Corruption.] The condition or quality of being incorrupt or incorruptible; absence of, or exemption from, corruption.
It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption. 1 Cor. xv. 42.
The same preservation, or, rather, incorruption, we have observed in the flesh of turkeys, capons, etc. Sir T. Browne.

Incorruptive

In`cor*rupt"ive (?), a. [L. incorruptivus.] Incorruptible; not liable to decay. Akenside.

Incorruptly

In`cor*rupt"ly (?), adv. Without corruption.
To demean themselves incorruptly. Milton.

Incorruptness

In`cor*rupt"ness, n.

1. Freedom or exemption from decay or corruption.

2. Probity; integrity; honesty. Woodward.

Incrassate

In*cras"sate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incrassated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incrassating.] [L. incrassatus, p. p. of incrassare; pref. in- in + crassus thick.] To make thick or thicker; to thicken; especially, in pharmacy, to thicken (a liquid) by the mixture of another substance, or by evaporating the thinner parts.
Acids dissolve or attenuate; alkalies precipitate or incrassate. Sir I. Newton.
Liquors which time hath incrassated into jellies. Sir T. Browne.

Incrassate

In*cras"sate, v. i. To become thick or thicker.

Incrassate, Incrassated

In*cras"sate (?), In*cras"sa*ted (?), a. [L. incrassatus, p. p.]

1. Made thick or thicker; thickened; inspissated.

2. (Bot.) Thickened; becoming thicker. Martyn.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Swelled out on some particular part, as the antenn\'91 of certain insects.

Incrassation

In`cras*sa"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. incrassation.]

1. The act or process of thickening or making thick; the process of becoming thick or thicker.

2. The state of being incrassated or made thick; inspissation. Sir T. Browne.

Incrassative

In*cras"sa*tive (?), a. Having the quality of thickening; tending to thicken. Harvey.

Incrassative

In*cras"sa*tive, n. A substance which has the power to thicken; formerly, a medicine supposed to thicken the humors. Harvey.

Increasable

In*creas"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being increased. Sherwood. -- In*creas"a*ble*ness, n.
An indefinite increasableness of some of our ideas. Bp. Law.

Increase

In*crease" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Increased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Increasing.] [OE. incresen, encresen, enrescen, OF. encreistre, fr. L. increscere; pref. in- in + crescere to grow. See Crescent, and cf. Decrease.]

1. To become greater or more in size, quantity, number, degree, value, intensity, power, authority, reputation, wealth; to grow; to augment; to advance; -- opposed to decrease.

The waters increased and bare up the ark. Gen. vii. 17.
He must increase, but I must decrease. John iii. 30.
The heavens forbid But that our loves and comforts should increase, Even as our days do grow! Shak.

2. To multiply by the production of young; to be fertile, fruitful, or prolific.

Fishes are more numerous of increasing than beasts or birds, as appears by their numerous spawn. Sir M. Hale.

3. (Astron.) To become more nearly full; to show more of the surface; to wax; as, the moon increases. Increasing function (Math.), a function whose value increases when that of the variable increases, and decreases when the latter is diminished. Syn. -- To enlarge; extend; multiply; expand; develop; heighten; amplify; raise; enhance; spread; aggravate; magnify; augment; advance. -- To Increase, Enlarge, Extend. Enlarge implies to make larger or broader in size. Extend marks the progress of enlargement so as to have wider boundaries. Increase denotes enlargement by growth and internal vitality, as in the case of plants. A kingdom is enlarged by the addition of new territories; the mind is enlarged by knowledge. A kingdom is extended when its boundaries are carried to a greater distance from the center. A man's riches, honors, knowledge, etc., are increased by accessions which are made from time to time.

Increase

In*crease" (?), v. t. To augment or make greater in bulk, quantity, extent, value, or amount, etc.; to add to; to extend; to lengthen; to enhance; to aggravate; as, to increase one's possessions, influence.
I will increase the famine. Ezek. v. 16.
Make denials Increase your services. Shak.

Increase

In"crease (?; 277), n. [OE. encres, encresse. See Increase, v. i.]

1. Addition or enlargement in size, extent, quantity, number, intensity, value, substance, etc.; augmentation; growth.

As if increase of appetite had grown By what if fed on. Shak.
For things of tender kind for pleasure made Shoot up with swift increase, and sudden are decay'd. Dryden.

2. That which is added to the original stock by augmentation or growth; produce; profit; interest.

Take thou no usury of him, or increase. Lev. xxv. 36.
Let them not live to taste this land's increase. Shak.

3. Progeny; issue; offspring.

All the increase of thy house shall die in the flower of their age. 1 Sam. ii. 33.

4. Generation. [Obs.] "Organs of increase." Shak.

5. (Astron.) The period of increasing light, or luminous phase; the waxing; -- said of the moon.

Seeds, hair, nails, hedges, and herbs will grow soonest if set or cut in the increase of the moon. Bacon.
Increase twist, the twixt of a rifle groove in which the angle of twist increases from the breech to the muzzle. Syn. -- Enlargement; extension; growth; development; increment; addition; accession; production.

Increaseful

In*crease"ful (?), a. Full of increase; abundant in produce. "Increaseful crops." [R.] Shak.

Increasement

In*crease"ment (?), n. Increase. [R.] Bacon.

Increaser

In*creas"er (?), n. One who, or that, increases.

Increasingly

In*creas"ing*ly, adv. More and more.

Increate

In`cre*ate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Increated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Increating.] [Pref. in- in + create.] To create within. [R.]

Increate, Increated

In"cre*ate (?), In"cre*a`ted (?), a. [L. increatus. See In- not, and Create.] Uncreated; self-existent. [R.]
Bright effincreate. Milton.

Incredibility

In*cred`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. incredibilitas: cf. F. incr\'82dibilit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being incredible; incredibleness. Dryden.

2. That which is incredible. Johnson.

Incredible

In*cred"i*ble (?), a. [L. incredibilis: cf. OF. incredible. See In- not, and Credible.] Not credible; surpassing belief; too extraordinary and improbable to admit of belief; unlikely; marvelous; fabulous.
Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God should raise the dead? Acts xxvi. 8.

Incredibleness

In*cred"i*ble*ness, n. Incredibility.

Incredibly

In*cred"i*bly, adv. In an incredible manner.

Incredited

In*cred"it*ed (?), a. Uncredited. [Obs.]

Incredulity

In`cre*du"li*ty (?), n. [L. incredu: cf. F. incr\'82dulit\'82.] The state or quality of being i
Of every species of incredulity, religious unbelief is the most irrational. Buckminster.

Incredulous

In*cred"u*lous (?; 135), a. [L. incredulus. See In- not, and Credulous.]

1. Not credulous; indisposed to admit or accept that which is related as true, skeptical; unbelieving. Bacon.

A fantastical incredulous fool. Bp. Wilkins.

2. Indicating, or caused by, disbelief or incredulity. "An incredulous smile." Longfellow.

3. Incredible; not easy to be believed. [R.] Shak.

Incredulously

In*cred"u*lous*ly, adv. In an incredulous manner; with incredulity.

Incredulousness

In*cred"u*lous*ness, n. Incredulity.

Incremable

In*crem"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + L. cremabilis combustible, fr. cremare to burn.] Incapable of being burnt; incombustibe. Sir T. Browne.

Incremate

In"cre*mate (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + cremate.] To consume or reduce to ashes by burning, as a dead body; to cremate.

Incremation

In`cre*ma"tion (?), n. Burning; esp., the act of burning a dead body; cremation.

Increment

In"cre*ment (?), n. [L. incrementum: cf. F. incr\'82ment. See Increase.]

1. The act or process of increasing; growth in bulk, guantity, number, value, or amount; augmentation; enlargement.

The seminary that furnisheth matter for the formation and increment of animal and vegetable bodies. Woodward.
A nation, to be great, ought to be compressed in its increment by nations more civilized than itself. Coleridge.

2. Matter added; increase; produce; production; -- opposed to decrement. "Large increment." J. Philips.

3. (Math.) The increase of a variable quantity or fraction from its present value to its next ascending value; the finite quantity, generally variable, by which a variable quantity is increased.

4. (Rhet.) An amplification without strict climax, as in the following passage:

Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report, . . . think on these things. Phil. iv. 8.
Infinitesimal increment (Math.), an infinitesimally small variation considered in Differential Calculus. See Calculus. -- Method of increments (Math.), a calculus founded on the properties of the successive values of variable quantities and their differences or increments. It differs from the method of fluxions in treating these differences as finite, instead of infinitely small, and is equivalent to the calculus of finite differences.

Incremental

In`cre*men"tal (?), a. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or resulting from, the process of growth; as, the incremental lines in the dentine of teeth.

Increpate

In"cre*pate (?), v. t. [L. increpatus, p. p. of increpare to upbraid; pref. in- in, against + crepare to talk noisily.] To chide; to rebuke; to reprove. [Obs.]

Increpation

In`cre*pa"tion (?), n. [L. increpatio.] A chiding; rebuke; reproof. [Obs.] Hammond.

Increscent

In*cres"cent (?), a. [L. increscens, -entis, p. pr. of increscere. See Increase.]

1. Increasing; growing; augmenting; swelling; enlarging.

Between the incresent and decrescent moon. Tennyson.

2. (Her.) Increasing; on the increase; -- said of the moon represented as the new moon, with the points turned toward the dexter side.

Increst

In*crest" (?), v. t. To adorn with a crest. [R.] Drummond.

Incriminate

In*crim"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incriminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incriminating.] [LL. incriminatus, p. p. of incriminare; in- in + criminare, criminari, to accuse one of a crime. See Criminate.] To accuse; to charge with a crime or fault; to criminate.

Incrimination

In*crim`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of incriminating; crimination.

Incriminatory

In*crim"i*na*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to crimination; tending to incriminate; criminatory.

Incruental

In`cru*en"tal (?), a. [L. incruentus. See In- not, and Cruentous.] Unbloody; not attended with blood; as, an incruental sacrifice. [Obs.] Brevint.

Incrust

In*crust" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incrusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Incrusting.] [L. incrustare; pref. in- in + crustare to cover with a crust: cf. F. incruster. See Crust.] [Written also encrust.]

1. To cover or line with a crust, or hard coat; to form a crust on the surface of; as, iron incrusted with rust; a vessel incrusted with salt; a sweetmeat incrusted with sugar.

And by the frost refin'd the whiter snow, Incrusted hard. Thomson.

2. (Fine Arts) To inlay into, as a piece of carving or other ornamental object.

Incrustate

In*crus"tate (?), a. [L. incrustatus, p. p. See Incrust.] Incrusted. Bacon.

Incrustate

In*crus"tate (?), v. t. To incrust. [R.] Cheyne.

Incrustation

In`crus*ta"tion (?), n. [L. incrustatio: cf. F. incrustation. See Incrust.]

1. The act of incrusting, or the state of being incrusted.

2. A crust or hard coating of anything upon or within a body, as a deposit of lime, sediment, etc., from water on the inner surface of a steam boiler.

3. (Arch.) A covering or inlaying of marble, mosaic, etc., attached to the masonry by cramp irons or cement.

4. (Fine Arts) Anything inlaid or imbedded.

Incrustment

In*crust"ment (?), n. Incrustation. [R.]

Incrystallizable

In*crys"tal*li`za*ble (?), a. Not crystallizable; incapable of being formed into crystals.

Incubate

In"cu*bate (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Incubated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incubating (?).] [L. incubatus, p. p. incubare to lie on; pref. in- in, on + cubare to lie down. Cf. Cubit, Incumbent.] To sit, as on eggs for hatching; to brood; to brood upon, or keep warm, as eggs, for the purpose of hatching.

Incubation

In`cu*ba"tion (?), n. [L. incubatio: cf. F. incubation.]

1. A sitting on eggs for the purpose of hatching young; a brooding on, or keeping warm, (eggs) to develop the life within, by any process. Ray.

2. (Med.) The development of a disease from its causes, or its period of incubation. (See below.)

3. A sleeping in a consecrated place for the purpose of dreaming oracular dreams. Tylor. Period of incubation, ∨ Stage of incubation (Med.), the period which elapses between exposure to the causes of a disease and the attack resulting from it; the time of development of the supposed germs or spores.<-- for infectious diseases -->

Incubative

In"cu*ba*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to incubation, or to the period of incubation.

Incubator

In"cu*ba`tor (?), n. That which incubates, especially, an apparatus by means of which eggs are hatched by artificial heat.

Incubatory

In*cu"ba*to*ry (?), a. Serving for incubation.

Incube

In*cube" (?), v. t. To fix firmly, as in cube; to secure or place firmly. [Obs.] Milton.

Incubiture

In*cu"bi*ture (?; 135), n. [Cf. L. incubitus.] Incubation. [Obs.] J. Ellis.

Incubous

In"cu*bous (?), a. [From L. incubare to lie on.] (Bot.) Having the leaves so placed that the upper part of each one covers the base of the leaf next above it, as in hepatic mosses of the genus Frullania. See Succubous.

Incubus

In"cu*bus (?), n.; pl. E. Incubuses (#), L. Incubi (#). [L., the nightmare. Cf. Incubate.]

1. A demon; a fiend; a lascivious spirit, supposed to have sexual intercourse with women by night. Tylor.

The devils who appeared in the female form were generally called succubi; those who appeared like men incubi, though this distinction was not always preserved. Lecky.

2. (Med.) The nightmare. See Nightmare.

Such as are troubled with incubus, or witch-ridden, as we call it. Burton.

3. Any oppressive encumbrance or burden; anything that prevents the free use of the faculties.

Debt and usury is the incubus which weighs most heavily on the agricultural resources of Turkey. J. L. Farley.

Inculcate

In*cul"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inculcated; p. pr. & vb. n. Inculcating (?).] [L. inculcatus, p. p. of inculcare to tread on; pref. in- in, on + calcare to tread, fr. calx the heel; perh. akin to E. heel. Cf. 2d Calk, Heel.] To teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitions; to urge on the mind; as, Christ inculcates on his followers humility.
The most obvious and necessary duties of life they have not yet had authority enough to enforce and inculcate upon men's minds. S. Clarke.
Syn. -- To instill; infuse; implant; engraft; impress.

Inculcation

In`cul*ca"tion (?), n. [L. inculcatio: cf. F. inculcation.] A teaching and impressing by frequent repetitions. Bp. Hall.
Page 749

Inculcator

In*cul"ca*tor (?), n. [L.] One who inculcates. Boyle.

Inculk

In*culk" (?). v. t. [Cf. F. inculquer. See Inculcate.] To inculcate. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

Inculp

In*culp" (?), v. t. [Cf. inculper. See Inculpate.] To inculpate. [Obs.] Shelton.

Inculpable

In*cul"pa*ble (?), a. [L. inculpabilis: cf. F. incupable.] Faultless; blameless; innocent. South.
An innocent and incupable piece of ignorance. Killingbeck.

Inculpableness

In*cul"pa*ble*ness, n. Blamelessness; faultlessness.

Inculpably

In*cul"pa*bly, adv. Blamelessly. South.

Inculpate

In*cul"pate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inculpated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inculpating (?).] [LL. inculpatus, p. p. of inculpare to blame; pref. in- in + culpa fault. See Culpable.] [A word of recent introduction.] To blame; to impute guilt to; to accuse; to involve or implicate in guilt.
That risk could only exculpate her and not inculpate them -- the probabilities protected them so perfectly. H. James.

Inculpation

In`cul*pa"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inculpation.] Blame; censure; crimination. Jefferson.

Inculpatory

In*cul"pa*to*ry (?), a. Imputing blame; criminatory; compromising; implicating.

Incult

In*cult" (?), a. [L. incultus; pref. in- not + cultus, p. p. of colere to cultivate: cf. F. inculte.] Untilled; uncultivated; crude; rude; uncivilized.
Germany then, says Tacitus, was incult and horrid, now full of magnificent cities. Burton.
His style is diffuse and incult. M. W. Shelley.

Incultivated

In*cul"ti*va`ted (?), a. Uncultivated. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

Incultivation

In*cul`ti*va"tion (?), n. Want of cultivation. [Obs.] Berington.

Inculture

In*cul"ture (?; 135), n. [Pref. in- not + culture: cf. F. inculture.] Want or neglect of cultivation or culture. [Obs.] Feltham.

Incumbency

In*cum"ben*cy (?), n.; pl. Incumbencies (#). [From Incumbent.]

1. The state of being incumbent; a lying or resting on something.

2. That which is physically incumbent; that which lies as a burden; a weight. Evelyn.

3. That which is morally incumbent, or is imposed, as a rule, a duty, obligation, or responsibility. "The incumbencies of a family." Donne.

4. The state of holding a benefice; the full possession and exercise of any office.

These fines are only to be paid to the bishop during his incumbency. Swift.

Incumbent

In*cum"bent (?), a. [L. incumbens, -entis, p. pr. of incumbere to lie down upon, press upon; pref. in- in, on + cumbere (in comp.); akin to cubare to lie down. See Incubate.]

1. Lying; resting; reclining; recumbent; superimposed; superincumbent.

Two incumbent figures, gracefully leaning upon it. Sir H. Wotton.
To move the incumbent load they try. Addison.

2. Lying, resting, or imposed, as a duty or obligation; obligatory; always with on or upon.

All men, truly zealous, will perform those good works that are incumbent on all Christians. Sprat.

3. (Bot.) Leaning or resting; -- said of anthers when lying on the inner side of the filament, or of cotyledons when the radicle lies against the back of one of them. Gray.

4. (Zo\'94l.) Bent downwards so that the ends touch, or rest on, something else; as, the incumbent toe of a bird.

Incumbent

In*cum"bent, n. A person who is in present possession of a benefice or of any office.
The incumbent lieth at the mercy of his patron. Swift.

Incumbently

In*cum"bent*ly, adv. In an incumbent manner; so as to be incumbent.

Incumber

In*cum"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incumbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incumbering.] See Encumber.

Incumbition

In`cum*bi"tion (?), n. Incubation. [R.] Sterne.

Incumbrance

In*cum"brance (?), n. [See Encumbrance.] [Written also encumbrance.]

1. A burdensome and troublesome load; anything that impedes motion or action, or renders it difficult or laborious; clog; impediment; hindrance; check. Cowper.

2. (Law) A burden or charge upon property; a claim or lien upon an estate, which may diminish its value.

Incumbrancer

In*cum"bran*cer (?), n. (Law) One who holds Kent.

Incumbrous

In*cum"brous (?), a. [Cf. OF. encombros.] Cumbersome; troublesome. [Written also encombrous.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

Incunabulum

In`cu*nab"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Incunabula (#). [L. incunabula cradle, birthplace, origin. See 1st In-, and Cunabula.] A work of art or of human industry, of an early epoch; especially, a book printed before A. D. 1500.

Incur

In*cur" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incurred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incurring (?).] [L. incurrere to run into or toward; pref. in- in + currere to run. See Current.]

1. To meet or fall in with, as something inconvenient, harmful, or onerous; to put one's self in the way of; to expose one's self to; to become liable or subject to; to bring down upon one's self; to encounter; to contract; as, to incur debt, danger, displeasure

I know not what I shall incur to passShak.

2. To render liable or subject to; to occasion. [Obs.]

Lest you incur me much more damage in my fame than you have done me pleasure in preserving my life. Chapman.

Incur

In*cur", v. i. To pass; to enter. [Obs.]
Light is discerned by itself because by itself it incurs into the eye. South.

Incurability

In*cur`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incurabilit\'82 incurability, LL. incurabilitas negligence.] The state of being uncurable; irremediableness. Harvey.

Incurable

In*cur"a*ble (?), a. [F. incurable, L. incurabilis. See In- not, and Curable.]

1. Not capable of being cured; beyond the power of skill or medicine to remedy; as, an incurable disease.

A scirrh is not absolutely incurable. Arbuthnot.

2. Not admitting or capable of remedy or correction; irremediable; remediless; as, incurable evils.

Rancorous and incurable hostility. Burke.
They were laboring under a profound, and, as it might have seemed, an almost incurable ignorance. Sir J. Stephen.
Syn. -- Irremediable; remediless; irrecoverable; irretrievable; irreparable; hopeless.

Incurable

In*cur"a*ble, n. A person diseased beyond cure.

Incurableness

In*cur"a*ble*ness, n. The state of being incurable; incurability. Boyle.

Incurably

In*cur"a*bly, adv. In a manner that renders cure impracticable or impossible; irremediably. "Incurably diseased." Bp. Hall. "Incurably wicked." Blair.

Incuriosity

In*cu`ri*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. incuriositas: cf. F. incurosit\'82.] Want of curiosity or interest; inattentiveness; indifference. Sir H. Wotton.

Incurious

In*cu"ri*ous (?), a. [L. incuriosus: cf. F. incurieux. See In- not, and Curious.] Not curious or inquisitive; without care for or interest in; inattentive; careless; negligent; heedless.
Carelessnesses and incurious deportments toward their children. Jer. Taylor.

Incuriously

In*cu"ri*ous*ly, adv. In an curious manner.

Incuriousness

In*cu"ri*ous*ness, n. Unconcernedness; incuriosity.
Sordid incuriousness and slovenly neglect. Bp. Hall.

Incurrence

In*cur"rence (?), n. [See Incur.] The act of incurring, bringing on, or subjecting one's self to (something troublesome or burdensome); as, the incurrence of guilt, debt, responsibility, etc.

Incurrent

In*cur"rent (?), a. [L. incurrens, p. pr. incurere, incursum, to run in; in- + currere to run.] (Zo\'94l.) Characterized by a current which flows inward; as, the incurrent orifice of lamellibranch Mollusca.

Incursion

In*cur"sion (?), n. [L. incursio: cf. F. incursion. See Incur.]

1. A running into; hence, an entering into a territory with hostile intention; a temporary invasion; a predatory or harassing inroad; a raid.

The Scythian, whose incursions wild Have wasted Sogdiana. Milton.
The incursions of the Goths disordered the affairs of the Roman Empire. Arbuthnot.

2. Attack; occurrence. [Obs.]

Sins of daily incursion. South.
Syn. -- Invasion; inroad; raid; foray; sally; attack; onset; irruption. See Invasion.

Incursive

In*cur"sive (?), a. Making an incursion; invasive; aggressive; hostile.

Incurtain

In*cur"tain (?), v. t. To curtain. [Obs.]

Incurvate

In*cur"vate (?), a. [L. incurvatus, p. p. of incurvare to crook; pref. in- in + curvus bent. See Curve, and cf. Incurve.] Curved; bent; crooked. Derham.

Incurvate

In*cur"vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incurvated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incurvating.] To turn from a straight line or course; to bend; to crook. Cheyne.

Incurvation

In`cur*va"tion (?), n. [L. incurvatio: cf. F. incurvation.]

1. The act of bending, or curving.

2. The state of being bent or curved; curvature.

An incurvation of the rays. Derham.

3. The act of bowing, or bending the body, in respect or reverence. "The incurvations of the knee." Bp. Hall.

Incurve

In*curve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incurved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incurving.] [See Incurvate.] To bend; to curve; to make crooked.

Incurved

In*curved" (?), a. [Pref. in- in + curved.] (Bot.) Bending gradually toward the axis or center, as branches or petals.

Incurvity

In*cur"vi*ty (?), n. [From L. incurvus bent. See Incurvate.] A state of being bent or curved; incurvation; a bending inwards. Sir T. Browne.

Incus

In"cus (?), n. [L., anvil.]

1. An anvil.

2. (Anat.) One of the small bones in the tympanum of the ear; the anvil bone. See Ear.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The central portion of the armature of the pharynx in the Rotifera.

Incuse

In*cuse" (?), a. [See Incuse, v. t.] (Numismatics) Cut or stamped in, or hollowed out by engraving. "Irregular incuse square." Dr. W. Smith.

Incuse, Incuss

In*cuse" (?), In*cuss" (?), v. t. [L. incussus, p. p. of incutere to strike. See 1st In-, and Concuss.] To form, or mold, by striking or stamping, as a coin or medal.

Incute

In*cute" (?), v. t. [See Incuse.] To strike or stamp in. [Obs.] Becon.

Incyst

In*cyst" (?), v. t. See Encyst.

Incysted

In*cyst"ed, a. See Encysted.

Ind

Ind (?), n. India. [Poetical] Shak. Milton.

Indagate

In"da*gate (?), v. t. [L. indagatus, p. p. of indagare to seek.] To seek or search out. [Obs.]

Indagation

In`da*ga"tion (?), n. [L. indagatio: cf. F. indagation.] Search; inquiry; investigation. [Obs.]

Indagative

In"da*ga*tive (?), a. Searching; exploring; investigating. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Indagator

In"da*ga`tor (?), n. [L.] A searcher; an explorer; an investigator. [Obs.]
Searched into by such skillful indagators of nature. Boyle.

Indamage

In*dam"age (?; 48), v. t. See Endamage. [R.]

Indamaged

In*dam"aged (?), a. Not damaged. [Obs.] Milton.

Indart

In*dart" (?), v. t. To pierce, as with a dart.

Indazol

In"da*zol (?), n. [Indol + azote.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous compound, C7H6N2, analogous to indol, and produced from a diazo derivative or cinnamic acid.

Inde

Inde (?), a. Azure-colored; of a bright blue color. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Indear

In*dear" (?), v. t. See Endear.

Indebt

In*debt" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indebted; p. pr. & vb. n. Indebting.] [OE. endetten, F. endetter; pref. en- (L. in) + F. dette debt. See Debt.] To bring into debt; to place under obligation; -- chiefly used in the participle indebted.
Thy fortune hath indebted thee to none. Daniel.

Indebted

In*debt"ed, a.

1. Brought into debt; being under obligation; held to payment or requital; beholden.

By owing, owes not, but still pays, at once Indebted and discharged. Milton.

2. Placed under obligation for something received, for which restitution or gratitude is due; as, we are indebted to our parents for their care of us in infancy; indebted to friends for help and encouragement. Cowper.

Indebtedness

In*debt"ed*ness, n.

1. The state of being indebted.

2. The sum owed; debts, collectively.

Indebtment

In*debt"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. endettement.] Indebtedness. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Indecence

In*de"cence (?), n. See Indecency. [Obs.] "An indecence of barbarity." Bp. Burnet.

Indecency

In*de"cen*cy (?), n.; pl. Indecencies (#). [L. indecentia unseemliness: cf. F. ind\'82cence.]

1. The quality or state of being indecent; want of decency, modesty, or good manners; obscenity.

2. That which is indecent; an indecent word or act; an offense against delicacy.

They who, by speech or writing, present to the ear or the eye of modesty any of the indecencies I allude to, are pests of society. Beattie.
Syn. -- Indelicacy; indecorum; immodesty; impurity; obscenity. See Indecorum.

Indecent

In*de"cent (?), a. [L. indecens unseemly, unbecoming: cf. F. ind\'82cent. See In- not, and Decent.] Not decent; unfit to be seen or heard; offensive to modesty and delicacy; as, indecent language. Cowper. Syn. -- Unbecoming; indecorous; indelicate; unseemly; immodest; gross; shameful; impure; improper; obscene; filthy.

Indecently

In*de"cent*ly, adv. In an indecent manner.

Indeciduate

In`de*cid"u*ate (?), a.

1. Indeciduous.

2. (Anat.) Having no decidua; nondeciduate.

Indeciduous

In`de*cid"u*ous (?), a. Not deciduous or falling, as the leaves of trees in autumn; lasting; evergreen; persistent; permanent; perennial.
The indeciduous and unshaven locks of Apollo. Sir T. Browne.

Indecimable

In*dec"i*ma*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + LL. decimare to tithe: cf. F. ind\'82cimable. See Decimate.] Not decimable, or liable to be decimated; not liable to the payment of tithes. Cowell.

Indecipherable

In`de*ci"pher*a*ble (?), a. Not decipherable; incapable of being deciphered, explained, or solved. -- In`de*ci"pher*a*bly, adv.

Indecision

In`de*ci"sion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + decision: cf. F. ind\'82cision.] Want of decision; want of settled purpose, or of firmness; indetermination; wavering of mind; irresolution; vacillation; hesitation.
The term indecision . . . implies an idea very nicely different from irresolution; yet it has a tendency to produce it. Shenstone.
Indecision . . . is the natural accomplice of violence. Burke.

Indecisive

In`de*ci"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. ind\'82cisif.]

1. Not decisive; not bringing to a final or ultimate issue; as, an indecisive battle, argument, answer.

The campaign had everywhere been indecisive. Macaulay.

2. Undetermined; prone to indecision; irresolute; unsettled; wavering; vacillating; hesitating; as, an indecisive state of mind; an indecisive character.

Indecisively

In`de*ci"sive*ly, adv. Without decision.

Indecisiveness

In`de*ci"sive*ness, n. The state of being indecisive; unsettled state.

Indecinable

In`de*cin"a*ble (?), a. [L. indeclinabilis: cf. F. ind\'82clinable. See In- not, and Decline.] (Gram.) Not declinable; not varied by inflective terminations; as, nihil (nothing), in Latin, is an indeclinable noun. -- n. An indeclinable word.

Indecinably

In`de*cin"a*bly, adv.

1. Without variation.

2. (Gram.) Without variation of termination.

Indecomposable

In*de`com*pos"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + decomposable: cf. F. ind\'82composable.] Not decomposable; incapable or difficult of decomposition; not resolvable into its constituents or elements.

Indecomposableness

In*de`com*pos"a*ble*ness, n. Incapableness of decomposition; stability; permanence; durability.

Indecorous

In`de*co"rous (?; 277), a. [L. indecorous. See In- not, and Decorous.] Not decorous; violating good manners; contrary to good breeding or etiquette; unbecoming; improper; out of place; as, indecorous conduct.
It was useless and indecorous to attempt anything more by mere struggle. Burke.
Syn. -- Unbecoming; unseemly; unbefitting; rude; coarse; impolite; uncivil; ill-bred.

Indecorously

In`de*co"rous*ly, adv. In an indecorous manner.

Indecorousness

In`de*co"rous*ness, n. The quality of being indecorous; want of decorum.

Indecorum

In`de*co"rum (?), n. [Pref. in- not + decorum: cf. L. indecorous unbecoming.]

1. Want of decorum; impropriety of behavior; that in behavior or manners which violates the established rules of civility, custom, or etiquette; indecorousness.

2. An indecorous or becoming action. Young. Syn. -- Indecorum is sometimes synonymous with indecency; but indecency, more frequently than indecorum, is applied to words or actions which refer to what nature and propriety require to be concealed or suppressed. Indecency is the stronger word; indecorum refers to any transgression of etiquette or civility, especially in public.

Indeed

In*deed" (?), adv. [Prep. in + deed.] In reality; in truth; in fact; verily; truly; -- used in a variety of sense. Esp.: (a) Denoting emphasis; as, indeed it is so. (b) Denoting concession or admission; as, indeed, you are right. (c) Denoting surprise; as, indeed, is it you? Its meaning is not intrinsic or fixed, but depends largely on the form of expression which it accompanies.
Page 750

The carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be. Rom. viii. 7.
I were a beast indeed to do you wrong. Dryden.
There is, indeed, no great pleasure in visiting these magazines of war. Addison.

Indefatigability

In`de*fat`i*ga*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being indefatigable.

Indefatigable

In`de*fat"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. indefatigabilis: cf. OF. indefatigable. See In- not, and Defatigable, and cf. Infatigable.] Incapable of being fatigued; not readily exhausted; unremitting in labor or effort; untiring; unwearying; not yielding to fatigue; as, indefatigable exertions, perseverance, application. "A constant, indefatigable attendance." South.
Upborne with indefatigable wings. Milton.
Syn. -- Unwearied; untiring; persevering; persistent.

Indefatigableness

In`de*fat"i*ga*ble*ness, n. Indefatigable quality; unweariedness; persistency. Parnell.

Indefatigably

In`de*fat"i*ga*bly, adv. Without weariness; without yielding to fatigue; persistently. Dryden.

Indefatigation

In`de*fat`i*ga"tion (?), n. Indefatigableness; unweariedness. [Obs.] J. Gregory.

Indefeasibility

In`de*fea`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being undefeasible.

Indefeasible

In`de*fea`si*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + defeasible: cf. OF. indefaisable.] Not to be defeated; not defeasible; incapable of being annulled or made void; as, an indefeasible or title.
That the king had a divine and an indefeasible right to the regal power. Macaulay.

Indefectibility

In`de*fect`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. ind\'82fectibilit\'82.] The quality of being indefectible. Barrow.

Indefectible

In`de*fect"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + defectible: cf. F. ind\'82fectible.] Not defectible; unfailing; not liable to defect, failure, or decay.
An indefectible treasure in the heavens. Barrow.
A state of indefectible virtue and happiness. S. Clarke.

Indefective

In`de*fect"ive (?), a. Not defective; perfect; complete. "Absolute, indefective obedience." South.

Indefeisible

In`de*fei"si*ble (?), a. Indefeasible. [Obs.]

Indefensibility

In`de*fen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of not being defensible. Walsh.

Indefensible

In`de*fen"si*ble (?), [Pref. in- not + defensible: cf. OF. indefensible, indefensable.] Not defensible; not capable of being defended, maintained, vindicated, or justified; unjustifiable; untenable; as, an indefensible fortress, position, cause, etc.
Men find that something can be said in favor of what, on the very proposal, they thought utterly indefensible. Burke.

Indefensibly

In`de*fen"si*bly, adv. In an indefensible manner.

Indefensive

In`de*fen"sive (?), a. Defenseless. [Obs.]
The sword awes the indefensive villager. Sir T. Herbert.

Indeficiency

In`de*fi"cien*cy, n. The state or quality of not being deficient. [Obs.] Strype.

Indeficient

In`de*fi"cient (?), a. [L. indeficiens. See In- not, and Deficient.] Not deficient; full. [Obs.]
Brighter than the sun, and indeficient as the light of heaven. Jer. Taylor.

Indefinable

In`de*fin"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being defined or described; inexplicable. Bp. Reynolds.

Indefinably

In`de*fin"a*bly, adv. In an indefinable manner.

Indefinite

In*def"i*nite (?), a. [L. indefinitus. See In- not, and Definite.]

1. Not definite; not limited, defined, or specified; not explicit; not determined or fixed upon; not precise; uncertain; vague; confused; obscure; as, an indefinite time, plan, etc.

It were to be wished that . . . men would leave off that indefinite way of vouching, "the chymists say this," or "the chymists affirm that." Boyle.
The time of this last is left indefinite. Dryden.

2. Having no determined or certain limits; large and unmeasured, though not infinite; unlimited; as indefinite space; the indefinite extension of a straight line.

Though it is not infinite, it may be indefinite; though it is not boundless in itself, it may be so to human comprehension. Spectator.

3. Boundless; infinite. [R.]

Indefinite and omnipresent God, Inhabiting eternity. W. Thompson (1745).

4. (Bot.) Too numerous or variable to make a particular enumeration important; -- said of the parts of a flower, and the like. Also, indeterminate. Indefinite article (Gram.), the word a or an, used with nouns to denote any one of a common or general class. -- Indefinite inflorescence. (Bot.) See Indeterminate inflorescence, under Indeterminate. -- Indefinite proposition (Logic), a statement whose subject is a common term, with nothing to indicate distribution or nondistribution; as, Man is mortal. -- Indefinite term (Logic), a negative term; as, the not-good. Syn. -- Inexplicit; vague; uncertain; unsettled; indeterminate; loose; equivocal; inexact; approximate.

Indefinitely

In*def"i*nite*ly, adv. In an indefinite manner or degree; without any settled limitation; vaguely; not with certainty or exactness; as, to use a word indefinitely.
If the world be indefinitely extended, that is, so far as no human intellect can fancy any bound of it. Ray.

Indefiniteness

In*def"i*nite*ness, n. The quality of being indefinite.

Indefinitude

In`de*fin"i*tude (?), n. Indefiniteness; vagueness; also, number or quantity not limited by our understanding, though yet finite. [Obs.] Sir M . Hale.

Indehiscence

In`de*his"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. ind\'82hiscence.] (Bot.) The property or state of being indehiscent.

Indehiscent

In`de*his"cent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + dehiscent: cf. F. ind\'82hiscent.] (Bot.) Remaining closed at maturity, or not opening along regular lines, as the acorn, or a cocoanut.

Indelectable

In`de*lec"ta*ble (?), a. Not delectable; unpleasant; disagreeable. [R.] Richardson.

Indeliberate

In`de*lib"er*ate (?), a. [L. indeliberatus. See In- not, and Deliberate.] Done without deliberation; unpremeditated. [Obs.] -- In`de*lib"er*ate*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Indeliberated

In`de*lib"er*a`ted (?), a. Indeliberate. [Obs.]

Indelibility

In*del`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. ind\'82l\'82bilit\'82.] The quality of being indelible. Bp. Horsley.

Indelible

In*del"i*ble (?), a. [L. indelebilis; pref.in- not + delebilis capable of being destroyed: cf. F. ind\'82l\'82bile. See In- not, and Deleble.] [Formerly written also indeleble, which accords with the etymology of the word.]

1. That can not be removed, washed away, blotted out, or effaced; incapable of being canceled, lost, or forgotten; as, indelible characters; an indelible stain; an indelible impression on the memory.

2. That can not be annulled; indestructible. [R.]

They are endued with indelible power from above. Sprat.
Indelible colors, fast colors which do not fade or tarnish by exposure. -- Indelible ink, an ink obliterated by washing; esp., a solution of silver nitrate. Syn. -- Fixed; fast; permanent; ineffaceable. -- In*del"i*ble*ness, n. -- In*del"i*bly, adv.
Indelibly stamped and impressed. J. Ellis.

Indelicacy

In*del"i*ca*cy (?), n.; pl. Indelicacies (#). [From Indelicate.] The quality of being indelicate; want of delicacy, or of a nice sense of, or regard for, purity, propriety, or refinement in manners, language, etc.; rudeness; coarseness; also, that which is offensive to refined taste or purity of mind.
The indelicacy of English comedy. Blair.
Your papers would be chargeable with worse than indelicacy; they would be immoral. Addison.

Indelicate

In*del"i*cate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + delicate: cf. F. ind\'82licat.] Not delicate; wanting delicacy; offensive to good manners, or to purity of mind; coarse; rude; as, an indelicate word or suggestion; indelicate behavior. Macaulay. -- In*del"i*cate*ly, adv. Syn. -- Indecorous; unbecoming; unseemly; rude; coarse; broad; impolite; gross; indecent; offensive; improper; unchaste; impure; unrefined.

Indemnification

In*dem`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n.

1. The act or process of indemnifying, preserving, or securing against loss, damage, or penalty; reimbursement of loss, damage, or penalty; the state of being indemnified.

Indemnification is capable of some estimate; dignity has no standard. Burke.

2. That which indemnifies.

No reward with the name of an indemnification. De Quincey.

Indemnify

In*dem"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indemnified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indemnifying (?).] [L. indemnis unhurt (in- not + damnum hurt, damage) + -fy. Cf. Damn, Damnify.]

1. To save harmless; to secure against loss or damage; to insure.

The states must at last engage to the merchants here that they will indemnify them from all that shall fall out. Sir W. Temple.

2. To make restitution or compensation for, as for that which is lost; to make whole; to reimburse; to compensate. Beattie.

Indemnity

In*dem"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Indemnities (#). [L. indemnitas, fr. indemnis uninjured: cf. F. indemnit\'82. See Indemnify.]

1. Security; insurance; exemption from loss or damage, past or to come; immunity from penalty, or the punishment of past offenses; amnesty.

Having first obtained a promise of indemnity for the riot they had committed. Sir W. Scott.

2. Indemnification, compensation, or remuneration for loss, damage, or injury sustained.

They were told to expect, upon the fall of Walpole, a large and lucrative indemnity for their pretended wrongs. Ld. Mahon.
&hand; Insurance is a contract of indemnity. Arnould. The owner of private property taken for public use is entitled to compensation or indemnity. Kent. Act of indemnity (Law), an act or law passed in order to relieve persons, especially in an official station, from some penalty to which they are liable in consequence of acting illegally, or, in case of ministers, in consequence of exceeding the limits of their strict constitutional powers. These acts also sometimes provide compensation for losses or damage, either incurred in the service of the government, or resulting from some public measure.

Indemonstrability

In`de*mon`stra*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being indemonstrable.

Indemonstrable

In`de*mon"stra*ble (?), a. [L. indemonstrabilis. See In- not, and Demonstrable.] Incapable of being demonstrated. -- In`de*mon"stra*ble*ness, n.

Indenization

In*den`i*za"tion (?), n. The act of naturalizing; endenization. [R.] Evelyn.

Indenize

In*den"ize (?), v. t. To naturalize. [R.]

Indenizen

In*den"i*zen (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indenizened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indenizening.] To invest with the privileges of a denizen; to naturalize. [R.]
Words indenizened, and commonly used as English. B. Jonson.

Indent

In*dent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indented; p. pr. & vb. n. Indenting.] [OE. endenten to notch, fit in, OF. endenter, LL. indentare, fr. L. in + dens, dentis, tooth. See Tooth, and cf. Indenture.]

1. To notch; to jag; to cut into points like a row of teeth; as, to indent the edge of paper.

2. To dent; to stamp or to press in; to impress; as, indent a smooth surface with a hammer; to indent wax with a stamp.

3. [Cf. Indenture.] To bind out by indenture or contract; to indenture; to apprentice; as, to indent a young man to a shoemaker; to indent a servant.

4. (Print.) To begin (a line or lines) at a greater or less distance from the margin; as, to indent the first line of a paragraph one em; to indent the second paragraph two ems more than the first. See Indentation, and Indention.

5. (Mil.) To make an order upon; to draw upon, as for military stores. [India] Wilhelm.

Indent

In*dent", v. i.

1. To be cut, notched, or dented.

2. To crook or turn; to wind in and out; to zigzag.

3. To contract; to bargain or covenant. Shak.

To indent and drive bargains with the Almighty. South.

Indent

In*dent" (?), n.

1. A cut or notch in the man gin of anything, or a recess like a notch. Shak.

2. A stamp; an impression. [Obs.]

3. A certificate, or intended certificate, issued by the government of the United States at the close of the Revolution, for the principal or interest of the public debt. D. Ramsay. A. Hamilton.

4. (Mil.) A requisition or order for supplies, sent to the commissariat of an army. [India] Wilhelm.

Indentation

In`den*ta"tion (?), n.

1. The act of indenting or state of being indented.

2. A notch or recess, in the margin or border of anything; as, the indentations of a leaf, of the coast, etc.

3. A recess or sharp depression in any surface.

4. (Print.) (a) The act of beginning a line or series of lines at a little distance within the flush line of the column or page, as in the common way of beginning the first line of a paragraph. (b) The measure of the distance; as, an indentation of one em, or of two ems. Hanging, ∨ Reverse, indentation, indentation of all the lines of a paragraph except the first, which is a full line.

Indented

In*dent"ed (?), a.

1. Cut in the edge into points or inequalities, like teeth; jagged; notched; stamped in; dented on the surface.

2. Having an uneven, irregular border; sinuous; undulating. Milton. Shak.

3. (Her.) Notched like the part of a saw consisting of the teeth; serrated; as, an indented border or ordinary.

4. Bound out by an indenture; apprenticed; indentured; as, an indented servant.

5. (Zo\'94l.) Notched along the margin with a different color, as the feathers of some birds. Indented line (Fort.), a line with alternate long and short faces, with salient and receding angles, each face giving a flanking fire along the front of the next.

Indentedly

In*dent"ed*ly, adv. With indentations.

Indenting

In*dent"ing (?), n. Indentation; an impression like that made by a tooth.

Indention

In*den"tion (?), n. (Print.) Same as Indentation, 4.

Indentment

In*dent"ment (?), n. Indenture. [Obs.]

Indenture

In*den"ture (?; 135), n. [OE. endenture, OF. endenture, LL. indentura a deed in duplicate, with indented edges. See the Note below. See Indent.]

1. The act of indenting, or state of being indented.

2. (Law) A mutual agreement in writing between two or more parties, whereof each party has usually a counterpart or duplicate; sometimes in the pl., a short form for indentures of apprenticeship, the contract by which a youth is bound apprentice to a master.<-- obs? -->

The law is the best expositor of the gospel; they are like a pair of indentures: they answer in every part. C. Leslie.
&hand; Indentures were originally duplicates, laid together and intended by a notched cut or line, or else written on the same piece of parchment and separated by a notched line so that the two papers or parchments corresponded to each other. But indenting has gradually become a mere form, and is often neglected, while the writings or counterparts retain the name of indentures.

Indenture

In*den"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indentured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indenturing.]

1. To indent; to make hollows, notches, or wrinkles in; to furrow.

Though age may creep on, and indenture the brow. Woty.

2. To bind by indentures or written contract; as, to indenture an apprentice.

Indenture

In*den"ture, v. i. To run or wind in and out; to be cut or notched; to indent. Heywood.

Independence

In`de*pend"ence (?), n. [Cf. F. ind\'82pendance.]

1. The state or quality of being independent; freedom from dependence; exemption from reliance on, or control by, others; self-subsistence or maintenance; direction of one's own affairs without interference.

Let fortune do her worst, . . . as long as she never makes us lose our honesty and our independence. Pope.

2. Sufficient means for a comfortable livelihood. Declaration of Independence (Amer. Hist.), the declaration of the Congress of the Thirteen United States of America, on the 4th of July, 1776, by which they formally declared that these colonies were free and independent States, not subject to the government of Great Britain.

Independency

In`de*pend"en*cy, n.

1. Independence.

"Give me," I cried (enough for me), "My bread, and independency!" Pope.

2. (Eccl.) Doctrine and polity of the Independents.

Independent

In`de*pend"ent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + dependent: cf. F. ind\'82pendant.]

1. Not dependent; free; not subject to control by others; not relying on others; not subordinate; as, few men are wholly independent.

A dry, but independent crust. Cowper.

2. Affording a comfortable livelihood; as, an independent property.

3. Not subject to bias or influence; not obsequious; self-directing; as, a man of an independent mind.

4. Expressing or indicating the feeling of independence; free; easy; bold; unconstrained; as, an independent air or manner.

5. Separate from; exclusive; irrespective.

That obligation in general, under which we conceive ourselves bound to obey a law, independent of those resources which the law provides for its own enforcement. R. P. Ward.

6. (Eccl.) Belonging or pertaining to, or holding to the doctrines or methods of, the Independents.

7. (Math.) Not dependent upon another quantity in respect to value or rate of variation; -- said of quantities or functions.

8. (U. S. Politics) Not bound by party; exercising a free choice in voting with either or any party. Independent company (Mil.), one not incorporated in any regiment. -- Independent seconds watch, a stop watch having a second hand driven by a separate set of wheels, springs, etc., for timing to a fraction of a second. -- Independent variable. (Math.) See Dependent variable, under Dependent. Syn. -- Free; uncontrolled; separate; uncoerced; self-reliant; bold; unconstrained; unrestricted.


Page 751

Independent

In`de*pend"ent (?), n.

1. (Eccl.) One who believes that an organized Christian church is complete in itself, competent to self-government, and independent of all ecclesiastical authority. &hand; In England the name is often applied (commonly in the pl.) to the Congregationalists.

2. (Politics) One who does not acknowledge an obligation to support a party's candidate under all circumstances; one who exercises liberty in voting.

Independentism

In`de*pend"ent*ism (?), n. Independency; the church system of Independents. Bp. Gauden.

Independently

In`de*pend"ent*ly, adv. In an independent manner; without control.

Indeposable

In`de*pos"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being deposed. [R.]
Princes indeposable by the pope. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Indepravate

In*dep"ra*vate (?), a. [L. indepravatus.] Undepraved. [R.] Davies (Holy Roode).

Indeprecable

In*dep"re*ca*ble (?), a. [L. indeprecabilis. See In- not, and Deprecate.] Incapable or undeserving of being deprecated. Cockeram.

Indeprehensible

In*dep`re*hen"si*ble (?), a. [L. indeprehensibilis. See In- not, and Deprehensible.] Incapable of being found out. Bp. Morton.

Indeprivable

In`de*priv"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being deprived, or of being taken away.

Indescribable

In`de*scrib"a*ble, a. Incapable of being described. -- In`de*scrib"a*bly, adv.

Indescriptive

In`de*scrip"tive (?), a. Not descriptive.

Indesert

In`de*sert" (?), n. Ill desert. [R.] Addison.

Indesinent

In*des"i*nent (?), a. [L. indesinens. See In- not, and Desinent.] Not ceasing; perpetual. [Obs.] Baxter. -- In*des"i*nent*ly, adv. [Obs.] Ray.

Indesirable

In`de*sir"a*ble (?), a. Undesirable.

Indestructibility

In`de*struc`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indestructibilit\'82.] The quality of being indestructible.

Indestructible

In`de*struc"ti*ble, a. [Pref. in- not + destructible: cf. F. indestructible.] Not destructible; incapable of decomposition or of being destroyed. -- In`de*struc"ti*ble*ness, n. -- In`de*struc"ti*bly, adv.

Indeterminable

In`de*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. [L. indeterminabilis: cf. F. ind\'82terminable. See In- not, and Determine.] Not determinable; impossible to be determined; not to be definitely known, ascertained, defined, or limited. -- In`de*ter"mi*na*bly, adv.

Indeterminable

In`de*ter"mi*na*ble, n. An indeterminable thing or quantity. Sir T. Browne.

Indeterminate

In`de*ter"mi*nate (?), a. [L. indeterminatus.] Not determinate; not certain or fixed; indefinite; not precise; as, an indeterminate number of years. Paley. Indeterminate analysis (Math.), that branch of analysis which has for its object the solution of indeterminate problems. -- Indeterminate coefficients (Math.), coefficients arbitrarily assumed for convenience of calculation, or to facilitate some artifice of analysis. Their values are subsequently determined. -- Indeterminate equation (Math.), an equation in which the unknown quantities admit of an infinite number of values, or sets of values. A group of equations is indeterminate when it contains more unknown quantities than there are equations. -- Indeterminate inflorescence (Bot.), a mode of inflorescence in which the flowers all arise from axillary buds, the terminal bud going on to grow and sometimes continuing the stem indefinitely; -- called also acropetal, botryose, centripetal, ∧ indefinite inflorescence. Gray. -- Indeterminate problem (Math.), a problem which admits of an infinite number of solutions, or one in which there are fewer imposed conditions than there are unknown or required results. -- Indeterminate quantity (Math.), a quantity which has no fixed value, but which may be varied in accordance with any proposed condition. -- Indeterminate series (Math.), a series whose terms proceed by the powers of an indeterminate quantity, sometimes also with indeterminate exponents, or indeterminate coefficients. -- In`de*ter"mi*nate*ly adv. -- In`de*ter"mi*nate*ness, n.

Indetermination

In`de*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + determination: cf. ind\'82termination.]

1. Want of determination; an unsettled or wavering state, as of the mind. Jer. Taylor.

2. Want of fixed or stated direction. Abp. Bramhall.

Indetermined

In`de*ter"mined (?), a. Undetermined.

Indevirginate

In`de*vir"gin*ate (?), a. [See In- not, Devirginate.] Not devirginate. [Obs.] Chapman.

Indevote

In*de*vote" (?), a. [L. indevotus: cf. F. ind\'82vot. Cf. Indevout.] Not devoted. [Obs.] Bentley. Clarendon.

Indevotion

In`de*vo"tion (?), n. [L. indevotio: cf. F. ind\'82votion.] Want of devotion; impiety; irreligion. "An age of indevotion." Jer. Taylor.

Indevout

In*de*vout" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + devout. Cf. Indevote.] Not devout. -- In*de*vout"ly, adv.

Indew

In*dew" (?), v. t. To indue. [Obs.] Spenser.

Index

In"dex (?), n.; pl. E. Indexes (#), L. Indices (#)(. [L.: cf. F. index. See Indicate, Diction.]

1. That which points out; that which shows, indicates, manifests, or discloses.

Tastes are the indexes of the different qualities of plants. Arbuthnot.

2. That which guides, points out, informs, or directs; a pointer or a hand that directs to anything, as the hand of a watch, a movable finger on a gauge, scale, or other graduated instrument. In printing, a sign [\'b5] used to direct particular attention to a note or paragraph; -- called also fist.<-- here represented by "&hand;" -->

3. A table for facilitating reference to topics, names, and the like, in a book; -- usually alphabetical in arrangement, and printed at the end of the volume.

4. A prologue indicating what follows. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Anat.) The second digit, that next pollex, in the manus, or hand; the forefinger; index finger.

6. (Math.) The figure or letter which shows the power or root of a quantity; the exponent. [In this sense the plural is always indices.] Index error, the error in the reading of a mathematical instrument arising from the zero of the index not being in complete adjustment with that of the limb, or with its theoretically perfect position in the instrument; a correction to be applied to the instrument readings equal to the error of the zero adjustment. -- Index expurgatorius. [L.] See Index prohibitorius (below). -- Index finger. See Index, 5. -- Index glass, the mirror on the index of a quadrant, sextant, etc. -- Index hand, the pointer or hand of a clock, watch, or other registering machine; a hand that points to something. -- Index of a logarithm (Math.), the integral part of the logarithm, and always one less than the number of integral figures in the given number. It is also called the characteristic. -- Index of refraction, ∨ Refractive index (Opt.), the number which expresses the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction. Thus the index of refraction for sulphur is 2, because, when light passes out of air into sulphur, the sine of the angle of incidence is double the sine of the angle of refraction. -- Index plate, a graduated circular plate, or one with circular rows of holes differently spaced; used in machines for graduating circles, cutting gear teeth, etc. -- Index prohibitorius [L.], or Prohibitory index (R. C. Ch.), a catalogue of books which are forbidden by the church to be read; the index expurgatorius [L.], or expurgatory index, is a catalogue of books from which passages marked as against faith or morals must be removed before Catholics can read them. These catalogues are published with additions, from time to time, by the Congregation of the Index, composed of cardinals, theologians, etc., under the sanction of the pope. Hook. -- Index rerum [L.], a tabulated and alphabetized notebook, for systematic preservation of items, quotations, etc.

Index

In"dex (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indexed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indexing.] To provide with an index or table of references; to put into an index; as, to index a book, or its contents.

Indexer

In"dex*er (?), n. One who makes an index.

Indexical

In*dex"ic*al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, an index; having the form of an index.

Indexically

In*dex"ic*al*ly, adv. In the manner of an index.

Indexterity

In`dex*ter"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + dexterity: cf. F. indext\'82rit\'82.] Want of dexterity or readiness, especially in the use of the hands; clumsiness; awkwardness. Harvey.

India

In"di*a (?), n. [See Indian.] A country in Southern Asia; the two peninsulas of Hither and Farther India; in a restricted sense, Hither India, or Hindostan. India ink, a nearly black pigment brought chiefly from China, used for water colors. It is in rolls, or in square, and consists of lampblack or ivory black and animal glue. Called also China ink. The true India ink is sepia. See Sepia. -- India matting, floor matting made in China, India, etc., from grass and reeds; -- also called Canton, ∨ China, matting. -- India paper, a variety of Chinese paper, of smooth but not glossy surface, used for printing from engravings, woodcuts, etc. -- India proof (Engraving), a proof impression from an engraved plate, taken on India paper. -- India rubber. See Caoutchouc. -- India-rubber tree (Bot.), any tree yielding caoutchouc, but especially the East Indian Ficus elastica, often cultivated for its large, shining, elliptical leaves.

Indiadem

In*di"a*dem, v. t. To place or set in a diadem, as a gem or gems.

Indiaman

In"di*a*man (?), n.; pl. Indiamen (. A large vessel in the India trade. Macaulay.

Indian

In"di*an (?; 277), a [From India, and this fr. Indus, the name of a river in Asia, L. Indus, Gr. Hindu, name of the land on the Indus, Skr. sindhu river, the Indus. Cf. Hindoo.]

1. Of or pertaining to India proper; also to the East Indies, or, sometimes, to the West Indies.

2. Of or pertaining to the aborigines, or Indians, of America; as, Indian wars; the Indian tomahawk.

3. Made of maize or Indian corn; as, Indian corn, Indian meal, Indian bread, and the like. [U.S.] Indian bay (Bot.), a lauraceous tree (Persea Indica). -- Indian bean (Bot.), a name of the catalpa. -- Indian berry. (Bot.) Same as Cocculus indicus. -- Indian bread. (Bot.) Same as Cassava. -- Indian club, a wooden club, which is swung by the hand for gymnastic exercise. -- Indian cordage, cordage made of the fibers of cocoanut husk. -- Indian corn (Bot.), a plant of the genus Zea (Z. Mays); the maize, a native of America. See Corn, and Maize. -- Indian cress (Bot.), nasturtium. See Nasturtium, 2. -- Indian cucumber (Bot.), a plant of the genus Medeola (M. Virginica), a common in woods in the United States. The white rootstock has a taste like cucumbers. -- Indian currant (Bot.), a plant of the genus Symphoricarpus (S. vulgaris), bearing small red berries. -- Indian dye, the puccoon. -- Indian fig. (Bot.) (a) The banyan. See Banyan. (b) The prickly pear. -- Indian file, single file; arrangement of persons in a row following one after another, the usual way among Indians of traversing woods, especially when on the war path. -- Indian fire, a pyrotechnic composition of sulphur, niter, and realgar, burning with a brilliant white light. -- Indian grass (Bot.), a coarse, high grass (Chrysopogon nutans), common in the southern portions of the United States; wood grass. Gray. -- Indian hemp. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Apocynum (A. cannabinum), having a milky juice, and a tough, fibrous bark, whence the name. The root it used in medicine and is both emetic and cathartic in properties. (b) The variety of common hemp (Cannabis Indica), from which hasheesh is obtained. -- Indian mallow (Bot.), the velvet leaf (Abutilon Avicenn\'91). See Abutilon. -- Indian meal, ground corn or maize. [U.S.] -- Indian millet (Bot.), a tall annual grass (Sorghum vulgare), having many varieties, among which are broom corn, Guinea corn, durra, and the Chinese sugar cane. It is called also Guinea corn. See Durra. -- Indian ox (Zo\'94l.), the zebu. -- Indian paint. See Bloodroot. -- Indian paper. See India paper, under India. -- Indian physic (Bot.), a plant of two species of the genus Gillenia (G. trifoliata, and G. stipulacea), common in the United States, the roots of which are used in medicine as a mild emetic; -- called also American ipecac, and bowman's root. Gray. -- Indian pink. (Bot.) (a) The Cypress vine (Ipom\'d2a Quamoclit); -- so called in the West Indies. (b) See China pink, under China. -- Indian pipe (Bot.), a low, fleshy herb (Monotropa uniflora), growing in clusters in dark woods, and having scalelike leaves, and a solitary nodding flower. The whole plant is waxy white, but turns black in drying. -- Indian plantain (Bot.), a name given to several species of the genus Cacalia, tall herbs with composite white flowers, common through the United States in rich woods. Gray. -- Indian poke (Bot.), a plant usually known as the white hellebore (Veratrum viride). -- Indian pudding, a pudding of which the chief ingredients are Indian meal, milk, and molasses. -- Indian purple. (a) A dull purple color. (b) The pigment of the same name, intensely blue and black. -- Indian red. (a) A purplish red earth or pigment composed of a silicate of iron and alumina, with magnesia. It comes from the Persian Gulf. Called also Persian red. (b) See Almagra. -- Indian rice (Bot.), a reedlike water grass. See Rice. -- Indian shot (Bot.), a plant of the genus Canna (C. Indica). The hard black seeds are as large as swan shot. See Canna. -- Indian summer, in the United States, a period of warm and pleasant weather occurring late in autumn. See under Summer. -- Indian tobacco (Bot.), a species of Lobelia. See Lobelia. -- Indian turnip (Bot.), an American plant of the genus Aris\'91ma. A. triphyllum has a wrinkled farinaceous root resembling a small turnip, but with a very acrid juice. See Jack in the Pulpit, and Wake-robin. -- Indian wheat, maize or Indian corn. -- Indian yellow. (a) An intense rich yellow color, deeper than gamboge but less pure than cadmium. (b) See Euxanthin.

Indian

In"di*an (?; 277), n.

1. A native or inhabitant of India.

2. One of the aboriginal inhabitants of America; -- so called originally from the supposed identity of America with India.

Indianeer

In`di*an*eer" (?), n. (Naut.) An Indiaman.

India rubber

In"di*a rub"ber (?). See Caoutchouc.

Indical

In"dic*al (?), a. [From L. index, indicis, an index.] Indexical. [R.] Fuller.

Indican

In"di*can (?), n. [See Indigo.]

1. (Chem.) A glucoside obtained from woad (indigo plant) and other plants, as a yellow or light brown sirup. It has a nauseous bitter taste, a decomposes or drying. By the action of acids, ferments, etc., it breaks down into sugar and indigo. It is the source of natural indigo.

2. (Physiol. Chem.) An indigo-forming substance, found in urine, and other animal fluids, and convertible into red and blue indigo (urrhodin and uroglaucin). Chemically, it is indoxyl sulphate of potash, C8H6NSO4K, and is derived from the indol formed in the alimentary canal. Called also uroxanthin.

Indicant

In"di*cant (?), a. [L. indicans, p. pr. indicare. See Indicate.] Serving to point out, as a remedy; indicating.

Indicant

In"di*cant, n. That which indicates or points out; as, an indicant of the remedy for a disease.

Indicate

In"di*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indicating (?).] [L. indicatus, p. p. of indicare to indicate; pref. in- in + dicare to proclaim; akin to dicere to say. See Diction, and cf. Indict, Indite.]

1. To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show; to make known.

That turns and turns to indicate From what point blows the weather. Cowper.

2. (Med.) To show or manifest by symptoms; to point to as the proper remedies; as, great prostration of strength indicates the use of stimulants.

3. (Mach.) To investigate the condition or power of, as of steam engine, by means of an indicator. Syn. -- To show; mark; signify; denote; discover; evidence; evince; manifest; declare; specify; explain; exhibit; present; reveal; disclose; display.

Indicated

In"di*ca`ted (?), a. Shown; denoted; registered; measured. Indicated power. See Indicated horse power, under Horse power.

Indication

In`di*ca"tion (?), n. [L. indicatio: cf. F. indication.]

1. Act of pointing out or indicating.

2. That which serves to indicate or point out; mark; token; sign; symptom; evidence.

The frequent stops they make in the most convenient places are plain indications of their weariness. Addison.

3. Discovery made; information. Bentley.

4. Explanation; display. [Obs.] Bacon.

5. (Med.) Any symptom or occurrence in a disease, which serves to direct to suitable remedies. Syn. -- Proof; demonstration; sign; token; mark; evidence; signal.

Indicative

In*dic"a*tive (?), a. [L. indicativus: cf. F. indicatif.]

1. Pointing out; bringing to notice; giving intimation or knowledge of something not visible or obvious.

That truth id productive of utility, and utility indicative of truth, may be thus proved. Bp. Warburton.

2. (Fine Arts) Suggestive; representing the whole by a part, as a fleet by a ship, a forest by a tree, etc. Indicative mood (Gram.), that mood or form of the verb which indicates, that is, which simply affirms or denies or inquires; as, he writes; he is not writing; has the mail arrived?

Indicative

In*dic"a*tive, n. (Gram.) The indicative mood.

Indicatively

In*dic"a*tive*ly, adv. In an indicative manner; in a way to show or signify.

Indicator

In"di*ca`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. indicateur.]

1. One who, or that which, shows or points out; as, a fare indicator in a street car.

2. (Mach.) A pressure gauge; a water gauge, as for a steam boiler; an apparatus or instrument for showing the working of a machine or moving part; as: (a) (Steam Engine) An instrument which draws a diagram showing the varying pressure in the cylinder of an engine or pump at every point of the stroke. It consists of a small cylinder communicating with the engine cylinder and fitted with a piston which the varying pressure drives upward more or less against the resistance of a spring. A lever imparts motion to a pencil which traces the diagram on a card wrapped around a vertical drum which is turned back and forth by a string connected with the piston rod of the engine. See Indicator card (below). (b) A telltale connected with a hoisting machine, to show, at the surface, the position of the cage in the shaft of a mine, etc.


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3. (Mech.) The part of an instrument by which an effect is indicated, as an index or pointer.

4. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genus Indicator and allied genera. See Honey guide, under Honey.

5. (Chem.) That which indicates the condition of acidity, alkalinity, or the deficiency, excess, or sufficiency of a standard reagent, by causing an appearance, disappearance, or change of color, as in titration or volumetric analysis. &hand; The common indicators are limits, trop\'91olin, phenol phthalein, potassic permanganate, etc. Indicator card, the figure drawn by an engine indicator, by means of which the working of the engine can be investigated and its power calculated. The Illustration shows one form of indicator card, from a steam engine, together with scales by which the pressure of the steam above or below that of the atmosphere, corresponding to any position of the engine piston in its stroke, can be measured. Called also indicator diagram. -- Indicator telegraph, a telegraph in which the signals are the deflections of a magnetic needle, as in the trans-Atlantic system.

Indicatory

In"di*ca*to*ry (?; 277), a. Serving to show or make known; showing; indicative; signifying; implying.

Indicatrix

In`di*ca"trix (?), n. [NL.] (Geom. of Three Dimensions) A certain conic section supposed to be drawn in the tangent plane to any surface, and used to determine the accidents of curvature of the surface at the point of contact. The curve is similar to the intersection of the surface with a parallel to the tangent plane and indefinitely near it. It is an ellipse when the curvature is synclastic, and an hyperbola when the curvature is anticlastic.

Indicavit

In`di*ca"vit (?), n. [L., he has indicated.] (Eng. Law) A writ of prohibition against proceeding in the spiritual court in certain cases, when the suit belongs to the common-law courts. Wharton (Law Dict. ).

Indice

In"dice (?), n. [F. indice indication, index. See Index.] Index; indication. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Indices

In"di*ces (?), n. pl. See Index.

Indicia

In*di"ci*a (?), n. pl. [L., pl. of indicium, fr. index an index.] (Law) Discriminating marks; signs; tokens; indications; appearances. Burrill.

Indicible

In*dic"i*ble (?), a. [F.] Unspeakable. [Obs.]

Indicolite

In*dic"o*lite (?), n. [L. indicum indigo + -lite: cf. F. indicolithe.] (Min.) A variety of tourmaline of an indigo-blue color.

Indict

In*dict" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indicted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indicting.] [OE. enditen. See Indite.]

1. To write; to compose; to dictate; to indite. [Obs.]

2. To appoint publicly or by authority; to proclaim or announce. [Obs.]

I am told shall have no Lent indicted this year. Evelyn.

3. (Law) To charge with a crime, in due form of law, by the finding or presentment of a grand jury; to find an indictment against; as, to indict a man for arson. It is the peculiar province of a grand jury to indict, as it is of a house of representatives to impeach.

Indictable

In*dict"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or liable to be, indicted; subject to indictment; as, an indictable offender or offense.

Indictee

In`dict*ee" (?), n. (Law) A person indicted.

Indicter

In*dict"er (?), n. One who indicts.

Indiction

In*dic"tion (?), n. [L. indictio: cf. F. indiction. See Indict, Indite.]

1. Declaration; proclamation; public notice or appointment. [Obs.] "Indiction of a war." Bacon.

Secular princes did use to indict, or permit the indiction of, synods of bishops. Jer. Taylor.

2. A cycle of fifteen years. &hand; This mode of reckoning time is said to have been introduced by Constantine the Great, in connection with the payment of tribute. It was adopted at various times by the Greek emperors of Constantinople, the popes, and the parliaments of France. Through the influence of the popes, it was extensively used in the ecclesiastical chronology of the Middle Ages. The number of indictions was reckoned at first from 312 a. d., but since the twelfth century it has been reckoned from the birth of Christ. The papal indiction is the only one ever used at the present day. To find the indiction and year of the indiction by the first method, subtract 312 from the given year a. d., and divide by 15; by the second method, add 3 to the given year a. d., and the divide by 15. In either case, the quotient is the number of the current indiction, and the remainder the year of the indiction. See Cycle of indiction, under Cycle.

Indictive

In*dic"tive (?), a. [L. indictivus. See Indict.] Proclaimed; declared; public. Kennet.

Indictment

In*dict"ment (?), n. [Cf. Inditement.]

1. The act of indicting, or the state of being indicted.

2. (Law) The formal statement of an offense, as framed by the prosecuting authority of the State, and found by the grand jury. &hand; To the validity of an indictment a finding by the grand jury is essential, while an information rests only on presentation by the prosecuting authority.

3. An accusation in general; a formal accusation. Bill of indictment. See under Bill.

Indictor

In*dict"or (?), n. (Law) One who indicts. Bacon.

Indies

In"dies (?), n. pl. A name designating the East Indies, also the West Indies.
Our king has all the Indies in his arms. Shak.

Indifference

In*dif"fer*ence (?), n. [L. indifferentia similarity, want of difference: cf. F. indiff\'82rence.]

1. The quality or state of being indifferent, or not making a difference; want of sufficient importance to constitute a difference; absence of weight; insignificance.

2. Passableness; mediocrity.

3. Impartiality; freedom from prejudice, prepossession, or bias.

He . . . is far from such indifference and equity as ought and must be in judges which he saith I assign. Sir T. More.

4. Absence of anxiety or interest in respect to what is presented to the mind; unconcernedness; as, entire indifference to all that occurs.

Indifference can not but be criminal, when it is conversant about objects which are so far from being of an indifferent nature, that they are highest importance. Addison.
Syn. -- Carelessness; negligence; unconcern; apathy; insensibility; coldness; lukewarmness.

Indifferency

In*dif"fer*en*cy (?), n. Absence of interest in, or influence from, anything; unconcernedness; equilibrium; indifferentism; indifference. Gladstone.
To give ourselves to a detestable indifferency or neutrality in this cause. Fuller.
Moral liberty . . . does not, after all, consist in a power of indifferency, or in a power of choosing without regard to motives. Hazlitt.

Indifferent

In*dif"fer*ent (?), a. [F. indiff\'82rent, L. indifferens. See In- not, and Different.]

1. Not mal

Dangers are to me indifferent. Shak.
Everything in the world is indifferent but sin. Jer. Taylor.
His slightest and most indifferent acts . . . were odious in the clergyman's sight. Hawthorne.

2. Neither particularly good, not very bad; of a middle state or quality; passable; mediocre.

The staterooms are in indifferent order. Sir W. Scott.

3. Not inclined to one side, party, or choice more than to another; neutral; impartial.

Indifferent in his choice to sleep or die. Addison.

4. Feeling no interest, anxiety, or care, respecting anything; unconcerned; inattentive; apathetic; heedless; as, to be indifferent to the welfare of one's family.

It was a law of Solon, that any person who, in the civil commotions of the republic, remained neuter, or an indifferent spectator of the contending parties, should be condemned to perpetual banishment. Addison.

5. (Law) Free from bias or prejudice; impartial; unbiased; disinterested.

In choice of committees for ripening business for the counsel, it is better indifferent persons than to make an indifferency by putting in those that are strong on both sides. Bacon.
Indifferent tissue (Anat.), the primitive, embryonic, undifferentiated tissue, before conversion into connective, muscular, nervous, or other definite tissue.

Indifferent

In*dif"fer*ent, adv. To a moderate degree; passably; tolerably. [Obs.] "News indifferent good." Shak.

Indifferentism

In*dif"fer*ent*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. indiff\'82rentisme.]

1. State of indifference; want of interest or earnestness; especially, a systematic apathy regarding what is true or false in religion or philosophy; agnosticism.

The indifferentism which equalizes all religions and gives equal rights to truth and error. Cardinal Manning.

2. (Metaph.) Same as Identism.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A heresy consisting in an unconcern for any particular creed, provided the morals be right and good. Gregory XVI.

Indifferentist

In*dif"fer*ent*ist, n. One governed by indifferentism.

Indifferently

In*dif"fer*ent*ly, adv. In an indifferent manner; without distinction or preference; impartially; without concern, wish, affection, or aversion; tolerably; passably.
That they may truly and indifferently minister justice, to the punishment of wickedness and vice, and to the maintenance of thy true religion, and virtue. Book of Com. Prayer [Eng. Ed. ]
Set honor in one eye and death i' the other, And I will look on both indifferently. Shak.
I hope it may indifferently entertain your lordship at an unbending hour. Rowe.

Indifulvin

In`di*ful"vin (?), n. [Indican + L. fulvus reddish yellow.] (Chem.) A reddish resinous substance, obtained from indican.

Indifuscin

In`di*fus"cin (?), n. [Indican + L. fuscus dusky.] (Chem.) A brown amorphous powder, obtained from indican.

Indigeen

In"di*geen (?), n. Same as Indigene. Darwin.

Indigence

In"di*gence (?), n. [L. indigentia: cf. F. indigence. See Indigent.] The condition of being indigent; want of estate, or means of comfortable subsistence; penury; poverty; as, helpless, indigence. Cowper. Syn. -- Poverty; penury; destitution; want; need; privation; lack. See Poverty.

Indigency

In"di*gen*cy (?), n. Indigence.
New indigencies founded upon new desires. South.

Indigene

In"di*gene (?), n. [L. indigena: cf. F. indig\'8ane. See Indigenous.] One born in a country; an aboriginal animal or plant; an autochthon. Evelyn. Tylor.

Indigenous

In*dig"e*nous (?), a. [L. indigenus, indigena, fr. OL. indu (fr. in in) + the root of L. gignere to beget, bear. See In, and Gender.]

1. Native; produced, growing, or living, naturally in a country or climate; not exotic; not imported.

Negroes were all transported from Africa and are not indigenous or proper natives of America. Sir T. Browne.
In America, cotton, being indigenous, is cheap. Lion Playas.

2. Native; inherent; innate.

Joy and hope are emotions indigenous to the human mind. I. Taylor.

Indigent

In"di*gent (?), a. [L. indigent, L. indigens, p. p. of indigere to stand in need of, fr. OL. indu (fr. in- in) + L. egere to be needy, to need.]

1. Wanting; void; free; destitute; -- used with of. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Destitute of property or means of comfortable subsistence; needy; poor; in want; necessitous.

Indigent faint souls past corporal toil. Shak.
Charity consists in relieving the indigent. Addison.

Indigently

In"di*gent*ly, adv. In an indigent manner.

Indigest

In`di*gest" (?), a. [L. indigestus unarranged. See Indigested.] Crude; unformed; unorganized; undigested. [Obs.] "A chaos rude and indigest." W. Browne. "Monsters and things indigest." Shak.

Indigest

In`di*gest", n. Something indigested. [Obs.] Shak.

Indigested

In`di*gest"ed, a. [Pref. in- not + digested.]

1. Not digested; undigested. "Indigested food." Dryden.

2. Not resolved; not regularly disposed and arranged; not methodical; crude; as, an indigested array of facts.

In hot reformations . . . the whole is generally crude, harsh, and indigested. Burke.
This, like an indigested meteor, appeared and disappeared almost at the same time. South.

3. (Med.) (a) Not in a state suitable for healing; -- said of wounds. (b) Not ripened or suppurated; -- said of an abscess or its contents.

4. Not softened by heat, hot water, or steam.

Indigestedness

In`di*gest"ed*ness, n. The state or quality of being undigested; crudeness. Bp. Burnet.

Indigestibility

In*di*gest`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being indigestible; indigestibleness.

Indigestible

In`di*gest"i*ble (?), a. [L. indigestibilis: cf. F. indigestible. See In- not, and Digest.]

1. Not digestible; not readily soluble in the digestive juices; not easily convertible into products fitted for absorption.

2. Not digestible in the mind; distressful; intolerable; as, an indigestible simile. T. Warton. -- In`di*gest"i*ble*ness, n. -- In`di*gest"i*bly, adv.

Indigestion

In`di*ges"tion (?; 106), n. [L. indigestio: cf. F. indigestion. See In- not, and Digest.] Lack of proper digestive action; a failure of the normal changes which food should undergo in the alimentary canal; dyspepsia; incomplete or difficult digestion.

Indigitate

In*dig"i*tate (?), v. i. [Pref. in- in + L. digitus finger.] To communicative ideas by the fingers; to show or compute by the fingers. [Obs.]

Indigitate

In*dig"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indigitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indigitating (?).] To point out with the finger; to indicate. [Obs.]
The depressing this finger, . . . in the right hand indigitate six hundred. Sir T. Browne.

Indigitation

In*dig`i*ta"tion (?), n. The act of pointing out as with the finger; indication. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Indiglucin

In`di*glu"cin (?), n. [Indican + glucin.] (Chem.) The variety of sugar (glucose) obtained from the glucoside indican. It is unfermentable, but reduces Fehling's solution.

Indign

In*dign" (?), a. [L. indignus; pref. in- not + dignus worthy: cf. F. indigne. See Dignity.] Unworthy; undeserving; disgraceful; degrading. Chaucer.
Counts it scorn to draw Comfort indign from any meaner thing. Trench.

Indignance, Indignancy

In*dig"nance (?), In*dig"nan*cy (?), n. Indignation. [Obs.] Spenser.

Indignant

In*dig"nant (?), a. [L. indignans, -antis, p. pr. of indignari to be indignant, disdain. See Indign.] Affected with indignation; wrathful; passionate; irate; feeling wrath, as when a person is exasperated by unworthy or unjust treatment, by a mean action, or by a degrading accusation.
He strides indignant, and with haughty cries To single fight the fairy prince defies. Tickell.

Indignantly

In*dig"nant*ly, adv. In an indignant manner.

Indignation

In`dig*na"tion (?), n. [F. indignation, L. indignatio. See Indign.]

1. The feeling excited by that which is unworthy, base, or disgraceful; anger mingled with contempt, disgust, or abhorrence. Shak.

Indignation expresses a strong and elevated disapprobation of mind, which is also inspired by something flagitious in the conduct of another. Cogan.
When Haman saw Mordecai in the king's gate, that he stood not up, nor moved for him, he was full of indignation against Mordecai. Esther v. 9.

2. The effect of anger; punishment. Shak.

Hide thyself . . . until the indignation be overpast. Is. xxvi. 20.
Syn. -- Anger; ire wrath; fury; rage. See Anger.

Indignify

In*dig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [L. indignus unworthy + -fy.] To treat disdainfully or with indignity; to contemn. [Obs.] Spenser.

Indignity

In*dig"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Indignities (#). [L. indignitas: cf. F. indignit\'82. See Indign.] Any action toward another which manifests contempt for him; an offense against personal dignity; unmerited contemptuous treatment; contumely; incivility or injury, accompanied with insult.
How might a prince of my great hopes forget So great indignities you laid upon me? Shak.
A person of so great place and worth constrained to endure so foul indignities. Hooker.

Indignly

In*dign"ly (?), adv. Unworthily. [Obs.]

Indigo

In"di*go (?), n.; pl. Indigoes (#). [F. indigo, Sp. indigo, indico, L. indicum indigo, fr. Indicus Indian. See Indian.]

1. A kind of deep blue, one of the seven prismatic colors.


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2. (Chem.) A blue dyestuff obtained from several plants belonging to very different genera and orders; as, the woad, Isatis tinctoria, Indigofera tinctoria, I. Anil, Nereum tinctorium, etc. It is a dark blue earthy substance, tasteless and odorless, with a copper-violet luster when rubbed. Indigo does not exist in the plants as such, but is obtained by decomposition of the glycoside indican. &hand; Commercial indigo contains the essential coloring principle indigo blue or indigotine, with several other dyes; as, indigo red, indigo brown, etc., and various impurities. Indigo is insoluble in ordinary reagents, with the exception of strong sulphuric acid. Chinese indigo (Bot.), Isatis indigotica, a kind of woad. -- Wild indigo (Bot.), the American herb Baptisia tinctoria which yields a poor quality of indigo, as do several other species of the same genus.

Indigo

In"di*go (?), a. Having the color of, pertaining to, or derived from, indigo. Indigo berry (Bot.), the fruit of the West Indian shrub Randia aculeata, used as a blue dye. -- Indigo bird (Zo\'94l.), a small North American finch (Cyanospiza cyanea). The male is indigo blue in color. Called also indigo bunting. -- Indigo blue. (a) The essential coloring material of commercial indigo, from which it is obtained as a dark blue earthy powder, with a reddish luster, C16H10N2O2, which may be crystallized by sublimation. Indigo blue is also made from artificial amido cinnamic acid, and from artificial isatine; and these methods are of great commercial importance. Called also indigotin. (b) A dark, dull blue color like the indigo of commerce. -- Indigo brown (Chem.), a brown resinous substance found in crude indigo. -- Indigo copper (Min.), covellite. -- Indigo green, a green obtained from indigo. -- Indigo plant (Bot.), a leguminous plant of several species (genus Indigofera), from which indigo is prepared. The different varieties are natives of Asia, Africa, and America. Several species are cultivated, of which the most important are the I. tinctoria, or common indigo plant, the I. Anil, a larger species, and the I. disperma. -- Indigo purple, a purple obtained from indigo. -- Indigo red, a dyestuff, isomeric with indigo blue, obtained from crude indigo as a dark brown amorphous powder. -- Indigo snake (Zo\'94l.), the gopher snake. -- Indigo white, a white crystalline powder obtained by reduction from indigo blue, and by oxidation easily changed back to it; -- called also indigogen. -- Indigo yellow, a substance obtained from indigo.

Indigofera

In`di*gof"e*ra (?), n. [NL., from E. indigo + L. ferre to bear.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants having many species, mostly in tropical countries, several of them yielding indigo, esp. Indigofera tinctoria, and I. Anil.

Indigogen

In"di*go*gen (?), n. [Indigo + -gen.]

1. (Chem.) See Indigo white, under Indigo.

2. (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Indican, 2.

Indigometer

In`di*gom"e*ter (?), n. [Indigo + -meter.] An instrument for ascertaining the strength of an indigo solution, as in volumetric analysis. Ure.

Indigometry

In`di*gom"e*try (?), n. The art or method of determining the coloring power of indigo.

Indigotic

In`di*got"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. indigotique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, indigo; as, indigotic acid, which is also called anilic or nitrosalicylic acid.

Indigotin

In"di*go*tin (?), n. (Chem.) See Indigo blue, under Indigo.

Indigrubin

In`dig*ru"bin (?), n. [Indigo + L. ruber red.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Urrhodin.

Indihumin

In`di*hu"min (?), n. [Indican + humin.] (Chem.) A brown amorphous substance resembling humin, and obtained from indican.

Indilatory

In*dil"a*to*ry (?), a. Not dilatory. [Obs.]

Indiligence

In*dil"i*gence (?), n. [L. indiligentia: cf. F. indiligence.] Want of diligence. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Indiligent

In*dil"i*gent (?), a. [L. indiligens: cf. F. indiligent. See Diligent.] Not diligent; idle; slothful. [Obs.] Feltham. -- In*dil"i*gent*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Indiminishable

In`di*min"ish*a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being diminished. [R.] Milton.

Indin

In"din (?), n. [From Indigo.] (Chem.) A dark red crystalline substance, isomeric with and resembling indigo blue, and obtained from isatide and dioxindol.

Indirect

In`di*rect" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + direct: cf. F. indirect.]

1. Not direct; not straight or rectilinear; deviating from a direct line or course; circuitous; as, an indirect road.

2. Not tending to an aim, purpose, or result by the plainest course, or by obvious means, but obliquely or consequentially; by remote means; as, an indirect accusation, attack, answer, or proposal.

By what bypaths and indirect, crooked ways I met this crown. Shak.

3. Not straightforward or upright; unfair; dishonest; tending to mislead or deceive.

Indirect dealing will be discovered one time or other. Tillotson.

4. Not resulting directly from an act or cause, but more or less remotely connected with or growing out of it; as, indirect results, damages, or claims.

5. (Logic & Math.) Not reaching the end aimed at by the most plain and direct method; as, an indirect proof, demonstration, etc. Indirect claims, claims for remote or consequential damage. Such claims were presented to and thrown out by the commissioners who arbitrated the damage inflicted on the United States by the Confederate States cruisers built and supplied by Great Britain. -- Indirect demonstration, a mode of demonstration in which proof is given by showing that any other supposition involves an absurdity (reductio ad absurdum), or an impossibility; thus, one quantity may be proved equal to another by showing that it can be neither greater nor less. -- Indirect discourse. (Gram.) See Direct discourse, under Direct. -- Indirect evidence, evidence or testimony which is circumstantial or inferential, but without witness; -- opposed to direct evidence. -- Indirect tax, a tax, such as customs, excises, <-- VAT,-->etc., exacted directly from the merchant, but paid indirectly by the consumer in the higher price demanded for the articles of merchandise.

Indirected

In`di*rect"ed, a. Not directed; aimless. [Obs.]

Indirection

In`di*rec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. indirection.] Oblique course or means; dishonest practices; indirectness. "By indirections find directions out." Shak.

Indirectly

In`di*rect"ly (?), adv. In an direct manner; not in a straight line or course; not in express terms; obliquely; not by direct means; hence, unfairly; wrongly.
To tax it indirectly by taxing their expense. A. Smith.
Your crown and kingdom indirectly held. Shak.

Indirectness

In`di*rect"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being indirect; obliquity; deviousness; crookedness.

2. Deviation from an upright or straightforward course; unfairness; dishonesty. W. Montagu.

Indiretin

In`di*re"tin (?), n. [Indian + Gr. (Chem.) A dark brown resinous substance obtained from indican.

Indirubin

In`di*ru"bin (?), n. [Indigo + L. ruber red.] (Chem.) A substance isomeric with, and resembling, indigo blue, and accompanying it as a side product, in its artificial production.

Indiscernible

In`dis*cern"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + discernible: cf. F. indiscernable.] Not to be discerned; imperceptible; not discoverable or visible.
Secret and indiscernible ways. Jer. Taylor.
-- In`dis*cern"i*ble*ness, n. -- In`dis*cern"i*bly, adv.

Indiscerpibility, Indiscerptibility

In`dis*cerp`i*bil"i*ty (?), In`dis*cerp`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being indiscerpible. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Indiscerpible, Indiscerptible

In`dis*cerp"i*ble (?), In`dis*cerp"ti*ble (?), a. Not discerpible; inseparable. [Obs.] Bp. Butler. -- In`dis*cerp"i*ble*ness, n., In`dis*cerp"ti*ble*ness, n. [Obs.] -- In`dis*cerp"ti*bly, adv. [Obs.]

Indisciplinable

In*dis"ci*plin*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + disciplinable: cf. F. indisciplinable.] Not disciplinable; undisciplinable. [R.]

Indiscipline

In*dis"ci*pline (?), n. [L. indisplina: cf. F. indiscipline. See In- not, and Discipline.] Want of discipline or instruction. [R.]

Indiscoverable

In`dis*cov"er*a*ble (?), a. Not discoverable; undiscoverable. J. Conybeare.

Indiscovery

In`dis*cov"er*y (?), n. Want of discovery. [Obs.]

Indiscreet

In`dis*creet" (?), a. [OE. indiscret, F. indiscret, fr. L. indiscretus unseparated, indiscreet. See In- not, and Discreet, and cf. Indiscrete.] Not discreet; wanting in discretion.
So drunken, and so indiscreet an officer. Shak.
Syn. -- Imprudent; injudicious; inconsiderate; rash; hasty; incautious; heedless; undiscerning; foolish. -- In`dis*creet"ly, adv. -- In`dis*creet"ness, n.

Indiscrete

In`dis*crete" (?), a. [L. indiscretus unseparated. See Indiscreet.]

1. Indiscreet. [Obs.] Boyle.

2. Not discrete or separated; compact; homogenous.

An indiscrete mass of confused matter. Pownall.

Indiscretion

In`dis*cre"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + discretion: cf. F. indiscr\'82tion.]

1. The quality or state of being indiscreet; want of discretion; imprudence.

2. An indiscreet act; indiscreet behavior.

Past indiscretion is a venial crime. Cowper.

Indiscriminate

In`dis*crim"i*nate (?), a. Not discriminate; wanting discrimination; undistinguishing; not making any distinction; confused; promiscuous. "Blind or indiscriminate forgiveness." I. Taylor.
The indiscriminate defense of right and wrong. Junius.
-- In`dis*crim"i*nate*ly, adv. Cowper.

Indiscriminating

In`dis*crim"i*na`ting (?), a. Not discriminating. -- In`dis*crim"i*na`ting*ly, adv.

Indiscrimination

In`dis*crim`i*na"tion (?), n. Want of discrimination or distinction; impartiality. Jefferson.

Indiscriminative

In`dis*crim"i*na*tive (?), a. Making no distinction; not discriminating.

Indiscussed

In`dis*cussed" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + discuss: cf. L. indiscussus.] Not discussed. [Obs.] Donne.

Indispensability

In`dis*pen`sa*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indispensabilit\'82.] Indispensableness.

Indispensable

In`dis*pen"sa*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + dispensable: cf. F. indispensable.]

1. Not dispensable; impossible to be omitted, remitted, or spared; absolutely necessary or requisite.

2. (Eccl.) Not admitting dispensation; not subject to release or exemption. [R.]

The law was moral and indispensable. Bp. Burnet.

3. Unavoidable; inevitable. [Obs.] Fuller.

Indispensableness

In`dis*pen"sa*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being indispensable, or absolutely necessary. S. Clarke.

Indispensably

In`dis*pen"sa*bly, adv. In an indispensable manner. "Indispensably necessary." Bp. Warburton.

Indispersed

In`dis*persed" (?), a. Not dispersed. [R.]

Indispose

In`dis*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indisposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indisposing.] [OE. indispos indisposed, feeble, or F. indispos\'82 indisposed. See In- not, and Dispose.]

1. To render unfit or unsuited; to disqualify.

2. To disorder slightly as regards health; to make somewhat. Shak.

It made him rather indisposed than sick. Walton.

3. To disincline; to render averse or unfavorable; as, a love of pleasure indisposes the mind to severe study; the pride and selfishness of men indispose them to religious duties.

The king was sufficiently indisposed towards the persons, or the principles, of Calvin's disciples. Clarendon.

Indisposedness

In`dis*pos"ed*ness (?), n. The condition or quality of being indisposed. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Indisposition

In*dis`po*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. indisposition.]

1. The state of being indisposed; disinclination; as, the indisposition of two substances to combine.

A general indisposition towards believing. Atterbury.

2. A slight disorder or illness.

Rather as an indisposition in health than as any set sickness. Hayward.

Indisputability

In*dis`pu*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indisputabilit\'82.] Indisputableness.

Indisputable

In*dis"pu*ta*ble (?; 277), a. [Pref. in- not + disputable: cf. F. indisputable.] Not disputable; incontrovertible; too evident to admit of dispute. Syn. -- Incontestable; unquestionable; incontrovertible; undeniable; irrefragable; certain; positive; undoubted; sure; infallible. -- In*dis"pu*ta*ble*ness, n. -- In*dis"pu*ta*bly, adv.

Indisputed

In`dis*put"ed (?), a. Undisputed.

Indissipable

In*dis"si*pa*ble (?), a. Incapable o

Indisdolubility

In*dis`do*lu*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indissolubilit\'82.] The quality or state of being indissoluble.

Indissoluble

In*dis"so*lu*ble (?), a. [L. indissolubilis: cf. F. indissoluble. See In- not, and Dissoluble, and cf. Indissolvable.]

1. Not dissoluble; not capable of being dissolved, melted, or liquefied; insoluble; as few substances are indissoluble by heat, but many are indissoluble in water. Boyle.

2. Incapable of being rightfully broken or dissolved; perpetually binding or obligatory; firm; stable, as, an indissoluble league or covenant.

To the which my duties Are with a most indissoluble tie Forever knit. Shak.

Indissolubleness

In*dis"so*lu*ble*ness, n. Indissolubility. Sir M. Hale.

Indissolubly

In*dis"so*lu*bly, adv. In an indissoluble manner.
On they move, indissolubly firm. Milton.

Indissolvable

In`dis*solv"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + dissolvable. Cf. Indissoluble.] Not dissolvable; incapable of being dissolved or separated; incapable oas, an indissolvable bond of union. Bp. Warburton.

Indissolvableness

In`dis*solv"a*ble*ness, n. Indissolubleness.

Indistancy

In*dis"tan*cy (?), n. Want of distance o [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

Indistinct

In`dis*tinct" (?), a. [L. indistinctus: cf. F. indistinct. See In- not, and Distinct.]

1. Not distinct or distinguishable; not separate in such a manner as to be perceptible by itself; as, the indistinct parts of a substance. "Indistinct as water is in water." Shak.

2. Obscure to the mind or senses; not clear; not definite; confused; imperfect; faint; as, indistinct vision; an indistinct sound; an indistinct idea or recollection.

When we come to parts too small four our senses, our ideas of these little bodies become obscure and indistinct. I. Watts.
Their views, indeed, are indistinct and dim. Cowper.
Syn. -- Undefined; indistinguishable; obscure; indefinite; vague; ambiguous; uncertain; confused.

Indistinctible

In`dis*tinc"ti*ble (?), a. Indistinguishable. [Obs.] T. Warton.

Indistinction

In`dis*tinc"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. indistinction.] Want of distinction or distinguishableness; confusion; uncertainty; indiscrimination.
The indistinction of many of the same name . . . hath made some doubt. Sir T. Browne.
An indistinction of all persons, or equality of all orders, is far from being agreeable to the will of God. Sprat.

Indistinctive

In`dis*tinc"tive (?), a. Having nothing distinctive; common. -- In`dis*tinc"tive*ness, n.

Indistinctly

In`dis*tinct"ly (?), adv. In an indistinct manner; not clearly; confusedly; dimly; as, certain ideas are indistinctly comprehended.
In its sides it was bounded distinctly, but on its ends confusedly an indistinctly. Sir I. Newton.

Indistinctness

In`dis*tinct"ness, n. The quality or condition of being indistinct; want of definiteness; dimness; confusion; as, the indistinctness of a picture, or of comprehension; indistinctness of vision.

Indistinguishable

In`dis*tin"guish*a*ble (?), a. Not distinguishable; not capable of being perceived, known, or discriminated as separate and distinct; hence, not capable of being perceived or known; as, in the distance the flagship was indisguishable; the two copies were indisguishable in form or color; the difference between them was indisguishable.

Indistinguishably

In`dis*tin"guish*a*bly, adv. In a indistinguishable manner. Sir W. Scott.

Indistinguished

In`dis*tin"guished (?), a. Indistinct. [R.] "That indistinguished mass." Sir T. Browne.

Indistinguishing

In`dis*tin"guish*ing (?), a. Making no difference; indiscriminative; impartial; as, indistinguishing liberalities. [Obs.] Johnson.

Indisturbance

In`dis*turb"ance (?), n. Freedom from disturbance; calmness; repose; apathy; indifference.

Inditch

In*ditch" (?), v. t. To bury in, or cast into, a ditch. Bp. Hall.

Indite

In*dite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indited; p. pr. & vb. n. Inditing.] [OE. enditen to indite, indict, OF. enditer to indicate, show, dictate, write, inform, and endicter to accuse; both fr. LL. indictare to show, to accuse, fr. L. indicere to proclaim, announce; pref. in- in + dicere to say. The word was influenced also by L. indicare to indicate, and by dictare to dictate. See Diction, and cf. Indict, Indicate, Dictate.]

1. To compose; to write; to be author of; to dictate; to prompt.

My heart is inditing a good matter. Ps. xlv. 1.
Could a common grief have indited such expressions? South.
Hear how learned Greece her useful rules indites. Pope.

2. To invite or ask. [Obs.]

She will indite him so supper. Shak.

3. To indict; to accuse; to censure. [Obs.] Spenser.

Indite

In*dite", v. i. To compose; to write, as a poem.
Wounded I sing, tormented I indite. Herbert.

Inditement

In*dite"ment (?), n. [Cf. Indictment.] The act of inditing. Craig.

Inditer

In*dit"er (?), n. One who indites. Smart.

Indium

In"di*um (?), n. [NL. See Indigo.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, discovered in certain ores of zinc, by means of its characteristic spectrum of two indigo blue lines; hence, its name. In appearance it resembles zinc, being white or lead gray, soft, malleable and easily fusible, but in its chemical relation it resembles aluminium or gallium. Symbol In. Atomic weight, 113.4.
Page 754

Indivertible

In`di*vert"i*ble (?), a. Not to be diverted or turned aside. [R.] Lamb.

Individable

In`di*vid"a*ble (?), a. Indivisible. [R.] Shak.

Individed

In`di*vid"ed, a. Undivided. [R.] Bp. Patrick.

Individual

In`di*vid"u*al (?; 135), a. [L. individuus indivisible; pref. in- not + dividuus divisible, fr. dividere to divide: cf. F. individuel. See Divide.]

1. Not divided, or not to be divided; existing as one entity, or distinct being or object; single; one; as, an individual man, animal, or city.

Mind has a being of its own, distinct from that of all other things, and is pure, unmingled, individual substance. A. Tucker.
United as one individual soul. Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to one only; peculiar to, or characteristic of, a single person or thing; distinctive; as, individual traits of character; individual exertions; individual peculiarities.

Individual

In`di*vid"u*al, n.

1. A single person, animal, or thing of any kind; a thing or being incapable of separation or division, without losing its identity; especially, a human being; a person. Cowper.

An object which is in the strict and primary sense one, and can not be logically divided, is called an individual. Whately.
That individuals die, his will ordains. Dryden.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An independent, or partially independent, zooid of a compound animal. (b) The product of a single egg, whether it remains a single animal or becomes compound by budding or fission.

Individualism

In`di*vid"u*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. individualisme.]

1. The quality of being individual; individuality; personality.

2. An excessive or exclusive regard to one's personal interest; self-interest; selfishness.

The selfishness of the small proprietor has been described by the best writers as individualism. Ed. Rev.

Individualistic

In`di*vid`u*al*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the individual or individualism. London Athen\'91um.

Individuality

In`di*vid`u*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Individualities (#). [Cf. F. individualit\'82.]

1. The quality or state of being individual or constituting an individual; separate or distinct existence; oneness; unity. Arbuthnot.

They possess separate individualities. H. Spencer.

2. The character or property appropriate or peculiar to an individual; that quality which distinguishes one person or thing from another; the sum of characteristic traits; distinctive character; as, he is a person of marked individuality.

Individualization

In`di*vid`u*al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. individualization.] The act of individualizing; the state of being individualized; individuation.

Individualize

In`di*vid"u*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Individualized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Individualizing (?).] [Cf. F. individualiser.] The mark as an individual, or to distinguish from others by peculiar properties; to invest with individuality.
The peculiarities which individualize and distinguish the humor of Addison. N. Drake.

Individualizer

In`di*vid"u*al*i`zer (?), n. One who individualizes.

Individually

In`di*vid"u*al*ly, adv.

1. In an individual manner or relation; as individuals; separately; each by itself. "Individually or collectively." Burke.

How should that subsist solitarily by itself which hath no substance, but individually the very same whereby others subsist with it? Hooker.

2. In an inseparable manner; inseparably; incommunicably; indivisibly; as, individuallyhe same.

[Omniscience], an attribute individually proper to the Godhead. Hakewill.

Individuate

In`di*vid"u*ate (?), a. [See Individual.] Undivided. [Obs.]

Individuate

In`di*vid"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Individuated (p. pr. & vb. n.
Individuating.] To distinguish from others from others of the species; to endow with individuality; to divide into individuals; to discriminate.
The soul, as the prime individuating principle, and the said reserved portion of matter as an essential and radical part of the individuation, shall . . . make up and restore the same individual person. South.
Life is individuated into infinite numbers, that have their distinct sense and pleasure. Dr. H. More.

Individuation

In`di*vid`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. individuation.] The act of individuating or state of being individuated; individualization. H. Spencer.

Individuator

In`di*vid"u*a`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, individuates. Sir K. Digby.

Individuity

In`di*vi*du"i*ty (?), n. [L. individuitas.] Separate existence; individuality; oneness. Fuller.

Indivinity

In`di*vin"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + divinity: cf. F. indivinit\'82.] Want or absence of divine power or of divinity. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Indivisibility

In`di*vis`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. indivisibilit\'82.] The state or property of being indivisible or inseparable; inseparability. Locke.

Indivisible

In`di*vis"i*ble (?), a. [L. indivisibilis: cf. F. indivisible. See In- not, and Divisible.]

1. Not divisible; incapable of being divided, separated, or broken; not separable into parts. "One indivisible point of time." Dryden.

2. (Math.) Not capable of exact division, as one quantity by another; incommensurable.

Indivisible

In`di*vis"i*ble, n.

1. That which is indivisible.

By atom, nobody will imagine we intend to express a perfect indivisible, but only the least sort of natural bodies. Digby.

2. (Geom.) An infinitely small quantity which is assumed to admit of no further division. Method of indivisibles, a kind of calculus, formerly in use, in which lines were considered as made up of an infinite number of points; surfaces, as made up of an infinite number of lines; and volumes, as made up of an infinite number of surfaces.

Indivisibleness

In`di*vis"i*ble*ness (?), n. The state of being indivisible; indivisibility. W. Montagu.

Indivisibly

In`di*vis"i*bly, adv. In an indivisible manner.

Indivision

In`di*vi"sion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + division: cf. F. indivision, LL. indivisio.] A state of being not divided; oneness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Indo-

In"do- (?). [From L. Indus East Indian.] A prefix signifying Indian (i. e., East Indian); of or pertaining of India.

Indoaniline

In`do*an"i*line (?), n. [Indigo + aniline.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of artificial blue dyes, in appearance resembling indigo, for which they are often used as substitutes.

IndoBriton

In`do*Brit"on (?), n. [Indo- + Briton.] A person born in India, of mixed Indian and British blood; a half-caste. Malcom.

Indo-Chinese

In`do-Chi*nese" (?), a. [Indo- + Chinese.] Of or pertaining to Indo-China (i. e., Farther India, or India beyond the Ganges).

Indocibility

In*doc`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being indocible; indocibleness; indocility.

Indocible

In*doc"i*ble (?), a. [L. indocibilis. See In- not, and Docible.] Incapable of being taught, or not easily instructed; dull in intellect; intractable; unteachable; indocile. Bp. Hall. -- In*doc"i*ble*ness, n.

Indocile

In*doc"ile (?), a. [L. indocilis: cf. F. indocile. See In- not, and Docile.] Not teachable; indisposed to be taught, trained, or disciplined; not easily instructed or governed; dull; intractable.

Indocility

In`do*cil"i*ty (?), n. [L. indocilitas: cf. F. indocilit\'82.] The quality or state of being indocile; dullness of intellect; unteachableness; intractableness.
The stiffness and indocility of the Pharisees. W. Montagu.

Indoctrinate

In*doc"tri*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indoctrinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indoctrinating.] [Pref. in- in + L. doctrina doctrine: cf. F. endoctriner.] To instruct in the rudiments or principles of learning, or of a branch of learning; to imbue with learning; to instruct in, or imbue with, principles or doctrines; to teach; -- often followed by in.
A master that . . . took much delight in indoctrinating his young, unexperienced favorite. Clarendon.

Indoctrination

In*doc`tri*na"tion (?), n. The act of indoctrinating, or the condition of being indoctrinated; instruction in the rudiments and principles of any science or system of belief; information. Sir T. Browne.

Indo-English

In`do-Eng"lish (?), a. [Indo- + English.] Of or relating to the English who are born or reside in India; Anglo-Indian.

Indo-European

In`do-Eu`ro*pe"an (?), a. Aryan; -- applied to the languages of India and Europe which are derived from the prehistoric Aryan language; also, pertaining to the people or nations who speak these languages; as, the Indo-European or Aryan family.
The common origin of the Indo-European nations. Tylor.

Indogen

In"do*gen (?), n. [Indigo + -gen.] (Chem.) A complex, nitrogenous radical, C8H5NO, regarded as the essential nucleus of indigo.

Indogenide

In"do*gen*ide (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of the derivatives of indogen, which contain that group as a nucleus.

Indo-Germanic

In`do-Ger*man"ic (?), a. [Indo- + Germanic.]

1. Same as Aryan, and Indo-European.

2. Pertaining to or denoting the Teutonic family of languages as related to the Sanskrit, or derived from the ancient Aryan language.

Indoin

In"do*in (?), n. (Chem.) A substance resembling indigo blue, obtained artificially from certain isatogen compounds.

Indol

In"dol (?), n. [Indigo + -ol of phenol.] (Physiol. Chem.) A white, crystalline substance, C8H7N, obtained from blue indigo, and almost all indigo derivatives, by a process of reduction. It is also formed from albuminous matter, together with skatol, by putrefaction, and by fusion with caustic potash, and is present in human excrement, as well as in the intestinal canal of some herbivora.

Indolence

In"do*lence (?), n. [L. indolentia freedom from pain: cf. F. indolence.]

1. Freedom from that which pains, or harasses, as toil, care, grief, etc. [Obs.]

I have ease, if it may not rather be called indolence. Bp. Hough.

2. The quality or condition of being indolent; inaction, or want of exertion of body or mind, proceeding from love of ease or aversion to toil; habitual idleness; indisposition to labor; laziness; sloth; inactivity.

Life spent in indolence, and therefore sad. Cowper.
As there is a great truth wrapped up in "diligence," what a lie, on the other hand, lurks at the root of our present use of the word "indolence"! This is from "in" and "doleo," not to grieve; and indolence is thus a state in which we have no grief or pain; so that the word, as we now employ it, seems to affirm that indulgence in sloth and ease is that which would constitute for us the absence of all pain. Trench.

Indolency

In"do*len*cy (?), n. Indolence. [Obs.] Holland.

Indolent

In"do*lent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + L. dolens, -entis, p. pr. of dolere to feel pain: cf. F. indolent. See Dolorous.]

1. Free from toil, pain, or trouble. [Obs.]

2. Indulging in ease; avoiding labor and exertion; habitually idle; lazy; inactive; as, an indolent man.

To waste long nights in indolent repose. Pope.

3. (Med.) Causing little or no pain or annoyance; as, an indolent tumor. Syn. -- Idle; lazy; slothful; sluggish; listless; inactive; inert. See Idle.

Indolently

In"do*lent*ly, adv. In an indolent manner.
Calm and serene you indolently sit. Addison.

Indoles

In"do*les (?), n. [L. Cf. Adolescence.] Natural disposition; natural quality or abilities.

Indolin

In"do*lin (?), n. [See Indol.] (Chem.) A dark resinous substance, polymeric with indol, and obtained by the reduction of indigo white.

Indomable

In*dom"a*ble (?), a. [L. indomabilis; pref. in- not + domabilis tamable.] Indomitable. [Obs.]

Indomitable

In*dom"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. indomitabilis; pref. in- not + domitare, intens. fr. domare to tame. See Tame.] Not to be subdued; untamable; invincible; as, an indomitable will, courage, animal.

Indomite

In*dom"ite (?), a. [L. indomitus.] Not tamed; untamed; savage; wild. [Obs.] J. Salkeld.

Indomptable

In*domp"ta*ble (?), a. [F. indomptable, L. indomitabilis.] Indomitable. [Obs.] Tooke.

Indoor

In"door` (?), a. Done or being within doors; within a house or institution; domestic; as, indoor work.

Indoors

In"doors` (?), adv. Within the house; -- usually separated, in doors.

Indophenol

In`do*phe"nol (?), n. [Indigo + phenol.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of artificial blue dyestuffs, resembling indigo in appearance, and obtained by the action of phenol on certain nitrogenous derivatives of quinone. Simple indophenol proper has not yet been isolated.

Indorsable

In*dors"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being indorsed; transferable; convertible.

Indorsation

In`dor*sa"tion (?), n. Indorsement. [Obs.]

Indorse

In*dorse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indorsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indorsing.] [LL. indorsare. See Endorse.] [Written also endorse.]

1. To cover the back of; to load or burden. [Obs.]

Elephants indorsed with towers. Milton.

2. To write upon the back or outside of a paper or letter, as a direction, heading, memorandum, or address.

3. (Law & Com.) To write one's name, alone or with other words, upon the back of (a paper), for the purpose of transferring it, or to secure the payment of a

4. To give one's name or support to; to sanction; to aid by approval; to approve; as, to indorse an opinion. To indorse in blank, to write one's name on the back of a note or bill, leaving a blank to be filled by the holder.

Indorsed

In*dorsed" (?), a. (Her.) See Addorsed.

Indorsee

In`dor*see" (?), n. The person to whom a note or bill is indorsed, or assigned by indorsement.

Indorsement

In*dorse"ment (?), n. [From Indorse; cf. Endorsement.] [Written also endorsement.]

1. The act of writing on the back of a note, bill, or other written instrument.

2. That which is written on the back of a note, bill, or other paper, as a name, an order for, or a receipt of, payment, or the return of an officer, etc.; a writing, usually upon the back, but sometimes on the face, of a negotiable instrument, by which the property therein is assigned and transferred. Story. Byles. Burrill.

3. Sanction, support, or approval; as, the indorsement of a rumor, an opinion, a course, conduct. Blank indorsement. See under Blank.

Indorser, Indorsor

In*dors"er (?), In*dors"or (?), n. The person who indorses. [Written also endorser.]

Indow

In*dow" (?), v. t. See Endow.

Indowment

In*dow"ment (?), n. See Endowment.

Indoxyl

In*dox"yl (?), n. [Indigo + hydroxyl.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous substance, C8H7NO, isomeric with oxindol, obtained as an oily liquid.

Indoxylic

In`dox*yl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to, or producing, indoxyl; as, indoxylic acid.

Indraught

In"draught` (?), n.

1. An opening from the sea into the land; an inlet. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

2. A draught of air or flow of water setting inward.

Indrawn

In"drawn` (?), a. Drawn in.

Indrench

In*drench" (?), v. t. To overwhelm with water; to drench; to drown. [Obs.] Shak.

Indris, Indri

In"dris (?), In"dri (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any lemurine animal of the genus Indris. &hand; Several species are known, all of them natives of Madagascar, as the diadem indris (I. diadema), which has a white ruff around the forehead; the woolly indris (I. laniger); and the short-tailed or black indris (I. brevicaudatus), which is black, varied with gray.

Indubious

In*du"bi*ous (?), a. [L. indubius. See In- not, and Dubious.]

1. Not dubious or doubtful; certain.

2. Not doubting; unsuspecting. "Indubious confidence." Harvey.

Indubitable

In*du"bi*ta*ble (?), a. [L. indubitabilis: cf. F. indubitable. See In- not, and Dubitable.] Not dubitable or doubtful; too evident to admit of doubt; unquestionable; evident; apparently certain; as, an indubitable conclusion. -- n. That which is indubitable. Syn. -- Unquestionable; evident; incontrovertible; incontestable; undeniable; irrefragable.

Indubitableness

In*du"bi*ta*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being indubitable.

Indubitably

In*du"bi*ta*bly, adv. Undoubtedly; unquestionably; in a manner to remove all doubt.
Oracles indubitably clear and infallibly certain. Barrow.

Indubitate

In*du"bi*tate (?), a. [L. indubitatus; pref. in- not + dubitatus, p. p. of dubitare to doubt.] Not questioned or doubtful; evident; certain. [Obs.] Bacon.

Indubitate

In*du"bi*tate (?), v. t. [L. indubitatus, p. p. of indubitare; pref. in- in + dubitare to doubt.] To bring into doubt; to cause to be doubted. [Obs.]
To conceal, or indubitate, his exigency. Sir T. Browne.

Induce

In*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Induced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inducing (?).] [L. inducere, inductum; pref. in- in + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Induct.]

1. To lead in; to introduce. [Obs.]

The poet may be seen inducing his personages in the first Iliad. Pope.

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2. To draw on; to overspread. [A Latinism] Cowper.

3. To lead on; to influence; to prevail on; to incite; to move by persuasion or influence. Shak.

He is not obliged by your offer to do it, . . . though he may be induced, persuaded, prevailed upon, tempted. Paley.
Let not the covetous desire of growing rich induce you to ruin your reputation. Dryden.

4. To bring on; to effect; to cause; as, a fever induced by fatigue or exposure.

Sour things induces a contraction in the nerves. Bacon.

5. (Physics) To produce, or cause, by proximity without contact or transmission, as a particular electric or magnetic condition in a body, by the approach of another body in an opposite electric or magnetic state.

6. (Logic) To generalize or conclude as an inference from all the particulars; -- the opposite of deduce. Syn. -- To move; instigate; urge; impel; incite; press; influence; actuate.

Inducement

In*duce"ment (?), n. [From Induce.]

1. The act of inducing, or the state of being induced.

2. That which induces; a motive or consideration that leads one to action or induces one to act; as, reward is an inducement to toil. "Mark the inducement." Shak.

3. (Law) Matter stated by way of explanatory preamble or introduction to the main allegations of a pleading; a leading to. Syn. -- Motive; reason; influence. See Motive.

Inducer

In*du"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, induces or incites.

Inducible

In*du"ci*ble (?), a.

1. Capable of being induced, caused, or made to take place.

2. Obtainable by induction; derivable; inferable.

Induct

In*duct" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inducted; p. pr. & vb. n. Inducting.] [L. inductus, p. p. of inducere. See Induce.]

1. To bring in; to introduce; to usher in.

The independent orator inducting himself without further ceremony into the pulpit. Sir W. Scott.

2. To introduce, as to a benefice or office; to put in actual possession of the temporal rights of an ecclesiastical living, or of any other office, with the customary forms and ceremonies.

The prior, when inducted into that dignity, took an oath not to alienate any of their lands. Bp. Burnet.

Inducteous

In*duc"te*ous (?), a. (Elec.) Rendered electro-polar by induction, or brought into the opposite electrical state by the influence of inductive bodies.

Inductile

In*duc"tile (?), a. [Pref. in- not + ductile: cf. F. inductile.] Not ductile; incapable of being drawn into threads, as a metal; inelastic; tough.

Inductility

In`duc*til"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being inductile.

Induction

In*duc"tion (?), n. [L. inductio: cf. F. induction. See Induct.]

1. The act or process of inducting or bringing in; introduction; entrance; beginning; commencement.

I know not you; nor am I well pleased to make this time, as the affair now stands, the induction of your acquaintance. Beau. & Fl.
These promises are fair, the parties sure, And our induction dull of prosperous hope. Shak.

2. An introduction or introductory scene, as to a play; a preface; a prologue. [Obs.]

This is but an induction: I will dMassinger.

3. (Philos.) The act or process of reasoning from a part to a whole, from particulars to generals, or from the individual to the universal; also, the result or inference so reached.

Induction is an inference drawn from all the particulars. Sir W. Hamilton.
Induction is the process by which we conclude that what is true of certain individuals of a class, is true of the whole class, or that what is true at certain times will be true in similar circumstances at all times. J. S. Mill.

4. The introduction of a clergyman into a benefice, or of an official into a office, with appropriate acts or ceremonies; the giving actual possession of an ecclesiastical living or its temporalities.

5. (Math.) A process of demonstration in which a general truth is gathered from an examination of particular cases, one of which is known to be true, the examination being so conducted that each case is made to depend on the preceding one; -- called also successive induction.

6. (Physics) The property by which one body, having electrical or magnetic polarity, causes or induces it in another body without direct contact; an impress of electrical or magnetic force or condition from one body on another without actual contact. Electro-dynamic induction, the action by which a variable or interrupted current of electricity excites another current in a neighboring conductor forming a closed circuit. -- Electro-magnetic induction, the influence by which an electric current produces magnetic polarity in certain bodies near or around which it passes. -- Electro-static induction, the action by which a body possessing a charge of statical electricity develops a charge of statical electricity of the opposite character in a neighboring body. -- Induction coil, an apparatus producing induced currents of great intensity. It consists of a coil or helix of stout insulated copper wire, surrounded by another coil of very fine insulated wire, in which a momentary current is induced, when a current (as from a voltaic battery), passing through the inner coil, is made, broken, or varied. The inner coil has within it a core of soft iron, and is connected at its terminals with a condenser; -- called also inductorium, and Ruhmkorff's coil. -- Induction pipe, port, ∨ valve, a pipe, passageway, or valve, for leading or admitting a fluid to a receiver, as steam to an engine cylinder, or water to a pump. -- Magnetic induction, the action by which magnetic polarity is developed in a body susceptible to magnetic effects when brought under the influence of a magnet. -- Magneto-electric induction, the influence by which a magnet excites electric currents in closed circuits. Logical induction, (Philos.), an act or method of reasoning from all the parts separately to the whole which they constitute, or into which they may be united collectively; the operation of discovering and proving general propositions; the scientific method. -- Philosophical induction, the inference, or the act of inferring, that what has been observed or established in respect to a part, individual, or species, may, on the ground of analogy, be affirmed or received of the whole to which it belongs. This last is the inductive method of Bacon. It ascends from the parts to the whole, and forms, from the general analogy of nature, or special presumptions in the case, conclusions which have greater or less degrees of force, and which may be strengthened or weakened by subsequent experience and experiment. It relates to actual existences, as in physical science or the concerns of life. Logical induction is founded on the necessary laws of thought; philosophical induction, on the interpretation of the indications or analogy of nature.<-- "scientific method" is now considered as the latter, rather than the former! --> Syn. -- Deduction. -- Induction, Deduction. In induction we observe a sufficient number of individual facts, and, on the ground of analogy, extend what is true of them to others of the same class, thus arriving at general principles or laws. This is the kind of reasoning in physical science. In deduction we begin with a general truth, which is already proven or provisionally assumed, and seek to connect it with some particular case by means of a middle term, or class of objects, known to be equally connected with both. Thus, we bring down the general into the particular, affirming of the latter the distinctive qualities of the former. This is the syllogistic method. By induction Franklin established the identity of lightning and electricity; by deduction he inferred that dwellings might be protected by lightning rods.

Inductional

In*duc"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or proceeding by, induction; inductive.

Inductive

In*duct"ive (?), a. [LL. inductivus: cf. F. inductif. See Induce.]

1. Leading or drawing; persuasive; tempting; -- usually followed by to.

A brutish vice, Inductive mainly to the sin of Eve. Milton.

2. Tending to induce or cause. [R.]

They may be . . . inductive of credibility. Sir M. Hale.

3. Leading to inferences; proceeding by, derived from, or using, induction; as, inductive reasoning.

4. (Physics) (a) Operating by induction; as, an inductive electrical machine. (b) Facilitating induction; susceptible of being acted upon by induction; as certain substances have a great inductive capacity. Inductive embarrassment (Physics), the retardation in signaling on an electric wire, produced by lateral induction. -- Inductive philosophy ∨ method. See Philosophical induction, under Induction. -- Inductive sciences, those sciences which admit of, and employ, the inductive method, as astronomy, botany, chemistry, etc.

Inductively

In*duct"ive*ly, adv. By induction or inference.

Inductometer

In`duc*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Induction + -meter.] (Elec.) An instrument for measuring or ascertaining the degree or rate of electrical induction.

Inductor

In*duct"or (?), n. [L., one who stirs up or rouses. See Induce.]

1. The person who inducts another into an office or benefice.

2. (Elec.) That portion of an electrical apparatus, in which is the inducing charge or current.

Inductorium

In`duc*to"ri*um (?), n.; pl. E. Inductoriums (#), L. Inductoria (#). [NL., fr. E. induction.] (Elec.) An induction coil.

Inductric, Inductrical

In*duc"tric (?), In*duc"tric*al (?), a. (Elec.) Acting by, or in a state of, induction; relating to electrical induction.

Indue

In*due" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Induing.] [Written also endue.] [L. induere to put on, clothe, fr. OL. indu (fr. in- in) + a root seen also in L. exuere to put off, divest, exuviae the skin of an animal, slough, induviae clothes. Cf. Endue to invest.]

1. To put on, as clothes; to draw on.

The baron had indued a pair of jack boots. Sir W. Scott.

2. To clothe; to invest; hence, to endow; to furnish; to supply with moral or mental qualities.

Indu'd with robes of various hue she flies. Dryden.
Indued with intellectual sense and souls. Shak.

Induement

In*due"ment (?), n. [From Indue; cf. Indument, Enduement.] The act of induing, or state of being indued; investment; endowment. W. Montagu.

Indulge

In*dulge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indulged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indulging (?).] [L. indulgere to be kind or tender to one; cf. OIr. dilgud, equiv. to L. remissio, OIr. dligeth, equiv. to L. lex, Goth. dulgs debt.]

1. To be complacent toward; to give way to; not to oppose or restrain; (a) when said of a habit, desire, etc.: to give free course to; to give one's self up to; as, to indulge sloth, pride, selfishness, or inclinations; (b) when said of a person: to yield to the desire of; to gratify by compliance; to humor; to withhold restraint from; as, to indulge children in their caprices or willfulness; to indulge one's self with a rest or in pleasure.

Hope in another life implies that we indulge ourselves in the gratifications of this very sparingly. Atterbury.

2. To grant as by favor; to bestow in concession, or in compliance with a wish or request.

Persuading us that something must be indulged to public manners. Jer. Taylor.
Yet, yet a moment, one dim ray of light Indulge, dread Chaos, and eternal Night! Pope.
&hand; It is remarked by Johnson, that if the matter of indulgence is a single thing, it has with before it; if it is a habit, it has in; as, he indulged himself with a glass of wine or a new book; he indulges himself in idleness or intemperance. See Gratify.

Indulge

In*dulge", v. i. To indulge one's self; to gratify one's tastes or desires; esp., to give one's self up (to); to practice a forbidden or questionable act without restraint; -- followed by in, but formerly, also, by to. "Willing to indulge in easy vices." Johnson.

Indulgement

In*dulge"ment (?), n. Indulgence. [R.] Wood.

Indulgence

In*dul"gence (?), n. [L. indulgentia: cf. F. indulgence.]

1. The act of indulging or humoring; the quality of being indulgent; forbearance of restrain or control.

If I were a judge, that word indulgence should never issue from my lips. Tooke.
They err, that through indulgence to others, or fondness to any sin in themselves, substitute for repentance anything less. Hammond.

2. An indulgent act; favor granted; gratification.

If all these gracious indulgences are without any effect on us, we must perish in our own folly. Rogers.

3. (R. C. Ch.) Remission of the temporal punishment due to sins, after the guilt of sin has been remitted by sincere repentance; absolution from the censures and public penances of the church. It is a payment of the debt of justice to God by the application of the merits of Christ and his saints to the contrite soul through the church. It is therefore believed to diminish or destroy for sins the punishment of purgatory.

Indulgence

In*dul"gence (?), v. t. To grant an indulgence to.

Indulgency

In*dul"gen*cy (?), n. Indulgence. Dryden.

Indulgent

In*dul"gent (?), a. [L. indulgens, -entis, p. pr. of indulgere: cf. F. indulgent. See Indulge.] Prone to indulge; yielding to the wishes, humor, or appetites of those under one's care; compliant; not opposing or restraining; tolerant; mild; favorable; not severe; as, an indulgent parent. Shak.
The indulgent censure of posterity. Waller.
The feeble old, indulgent of their ease. Dryden.

Indulgential

In`dul*gen"tial (?), a. Relating to the indulgences of the Roman Catholic Church. Brevint.

Indulgently

In*dul"gent*ly (?), adv. In an indulgent manner; mildly; favorably. Dryden.

Indulger

In*dul"ger, n. One who indulges. W. Montagu.

Indulgiate

In*dul"gi*ate (?), v. t. To indulge. [R.] Sandys.

Induline

In"du*line (?), n. [Perh. fr. indigo.] (Chem.) (a) Any one of a large series of aniline dyes, colored blue or violet, and represented by aniline violet. (b) A dark green amorphous dyestuff, produced by the oxidation of aniline in the presence of copper or vanadium salts; -- called also aniline black.

Indult, Indulto

In*dult" (?), In*dul"to (?), n. [L. indultum indulgence, favor, fr. indultus, p. p. of indulgere: cf. It. indulto, F. indult. See Indulge.]

1. A privilege or exemption; an indulgence; a dispensation granted by the pope.

2. (Spain) A duty levied on all importations.

Indument

In"du*ment (?), n. [L. indumentum a covering. See Indue, and cf. Induement.] (Zo\'94l.) Plumage; feathers.

Induplicate

In*du"pli*cate (?), a. (Bot.) (a) Having the edges bent abruptly toward the axis; -- said of the parts of the calyx or corolla in \'91stivation. (b) Having the edges rolled inward and then arranged about the axis without overlapping; -- said of leaves in vernation.

Induplicative

In*du"pli*ca*tive (?), a. (Bot.) (a) Having induplicate sepals or petals in \'91stivation. (b) Having induplicate leaves in vernation.

Indurance

In*dur"ance (?), n. [Obs.] See Endurance.

Indurate

In"du*rate (?), a. [L. induratus, p. p. of indurare to harden. See Endure.]

1. Hardened; not soft; indurated. Tyndale.

2. Without sensibility; unfeeling; obdurate.

Indurate

In"du*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Indurated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indurating (?).]

1. To make hard; as, extreme heat indurates clay; some fossils are indurated by exposure to the air.

2. To make unfeeling; to deprive of sensibility; to render obdurate.

Indurate

In"du*rate, v. i. To grow hard; to harden, or become hard; as, clay indurates by drying, and by heat.

Indurated

In"du*ra`ted (?), a. Hardened; as, indurated clay; an indurated heart. Goldsmith.

Induration

In`du*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. induration, L. induratio hardness of heart.]

1. The act of hardening, or the process of growing hard.

2. State of being indurated, or of having become hard.

3. Hardness of character, manner, sensibility, etc.; obduracy; stiffness; want of pliancy or feeling.

A certain induration of character had arisen from long habits of business. Coleridge.

Indusial

In*du"sial (?), a. [See Indusium.] Of, pertaining to, or containing, the petrified cases of the larv\'91 of certain insects. Indusial limestone (Geol.), a fresh-water limestone, largely composed of the agglomerated cases of caddice worms, or larv\'91 of caddice flies (Phryganea). It is found in Miocene strata of Auvergne, France, and some other localities.

Indusiate, Indusiated

In*du"si*ate (?), In*du"si*a`ted (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with an indusium.

Indusium

In*du"si*um (?), n.; pl. Indu (#). [L., an under garment, fr. induere to put on: cf. F. indusie the covering of the seed spots of ferns.] (Bot.) (a) A collection of hairs united so as to form a sort of cup, and inclosing the stigma of a flower. (b) The immediate covering of the fruit dots or sori in many ferns, usually a very thin scale attached by the middle or side to a veinlet. (c) A peculiar covering found in certain fungi.

Industrial

In*dus"tri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. industriel, LL. industrialis. See Industry.] Consisting in industry; pertaining to industry, or the arts and products of industry; concerning those employed in labor, especially in manual labor, and their wages, duties, and rights.
The great ideas of industrial development and economic social amelioration. M. Arnold.

Page 756

Industrial exhibition, a public exhibition of the various industrial products of a country, or of various countries. -- Industrial school, a school for teaching one or more branches of industry; also, a school for educating neglected children, and training them to habits of industry.

Industrialism

In*dus"tri*al*ism (?), n.

1. Devotion to industrial pursuits; labor; industry. J. S. Mill.

2. The principles or policy applicable to industrial pursuits or organized labor.

Industrialism must not confounded with industriousness. H. Spencer.

Industrially

In*dus"tri*al*ly, adv. With reference to industry.

Industrious

In*dus"tri*ous (?), a. [L. industrius, industriosus: cf. F. industrieux. See Industry.]

1. Given to industry; characterized by diligence; constantly, regularly, or habitually occupied; busy; assiduous; not slothful or idle; -- commonly implying devotion to lawful and useful labor.

Frugal and industrious men are commonly friendly to the established government. Sir W. Temple.

2. Steadily and perseveringly active in a particular pursuit or aim; as, he was negligent in business, but industrious in pleasure; an industrious mischief maker.

Industrious to seek out the truth of all things. Spenser.
-- In*dus"tri*ous*ly, adv. -- In*dus"tri*ous*ness, n.

Industry

In"dus*try (?), n.; pl. Industries (#). [L. industria, cf. industrius diligent; of uncertain origin: cf. F. industrie.]

1. Habitual diligence in any employment or pursuit, either bodily or mental; steady attention to business; assiduity; -- opposed to sloth and idleness; as, industry pays debts, while idleness or despair will increase them.

We are more industrious than our forefathers, because in the present times the funds destined for the maintenance of industry are much greater in proportion to those which are likely to be employed in the maintenance of idleness, than they were two or three centuries ago. A. Smith.

2. Any department or branch of art, occupation, or business; especially, one which employs much labor and capital and is a distinct branch of trade; as, the sugar industry; the iron industry; the cotton industry.

3. (Polit. Econ.) Human exertion of any kind employed for the creation of value, and regarded by some as a species of capital or wealth; labor. Syn. -- Diligence; assiduity; perseverance; activity; laboriousness; attention. See Diligence.

Indutive

In*du"tive (?), a. [L. indutus, p. p. of induere to put on. See Indue.] (Bot.) Covered; -- applied to seeds which have the usual integumentary covering.

Induvi\'91

In*du"vi*\'91 (?), n. pl. [L., clothes, fr. induere to put on. See Indue.] (Bot.) Persistent portions of a calyx or corolla; also, leaves which do not disarticulate from the stem, and hence remain for a long time.

Induviate

In*du"vi*ate (?), a. (Bot.) Covered with induvi\'91, as the upper part of the trunk of a palm tree.

Indwell

In"dwell` (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Indwelt (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Indwelling.] To dwell in; to abide within; to remain in possession.
The Holy Ghost became a dove, not as a symbol, but as a constantly indwelt form. Milman.

Indweller

In"dwell`er (?) n. An inhabitant. Spenser.

Indwelling

In"dwell`ing, n. Residence within, as in the heart.
The personal indwelling of the Spirit in believers. South.

-ine

-ine (?; 104).

1. (Chem.) A suffix, indicating that those substances of whose names it is a part are basic, and alkaloidal in their nature. &hand; All organic bases, and basic substances (especially nitrogenous substances), are systematically written with the termination -ine; as, quinine, morphine, guanidine, etc. All indifferent and neutral substances, as proteids, glycerides, glucosides, etc., should commonly be spelled with -in; as, gelatin, amygdalin, etc. This rue has no application to those numerous commercial or popular names with the termination -ine; as, gasoline, vaseline, etc.

2. (Organ. Chem.) A suffix, used to indicate hydrocarbons of the second degree of unsaturation; i. e., members of the acetyline series; as, hexine, heptine, etc. <-- now "-yne" -->

Inearth

In*earth" (?), v. t. To inter. [R.] Southey.

Inebriant

In*e"bri*ant (?), a. [L. inebrians, p. pr. of inebriare. See Inebriate.] Intoxicating.

Inebriant

In*e"bri*ant, n. Anything that intoxicates, as opium, alcohol, etc.; an intoxicant. Smart.

Inebriate

In*e"bri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inebriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inebriating (?).] [L. inebriatus, p. p. of inebriare; pref. in- in + ebriare to make drunk, fr. ebrius drunk. See Ebriety.]

1. To make drunk; to intoxicate.

The cups That cheer but not inebriate. Cowper.

2. Fig.: To disorder the senses of; to exhilarate or elate as if by spirituous drink; to deprive of sense and judgment; also, to stupefy.

The inebriating effect of popular applause. Macaulay.

Inebriate

In*e"bri*ate, v. i. To become drunk. [Obs.] Bacon.

Inebriate

In*e"bri*ate (?), a. [L. inebriatus, p. p.] Intoxicated; drunk; habitually given to drink; stupefied.
Thus spake Peter, as a man inebriate and made drunken with the sweetness of this vision, not knowing what he said. Udall.

Inebriate

In*e"bri*ate, n. One who is drunk or intoxicated; esp., an habitual drunkard; as, an asylum fro inebriates.
Some inebriates have their paroxysms of inebriety. E. Darwin.

Inebriation

In*e`bri*a"tion (?), n. [L. inebriatio.] The condition of being inebriated; intoxication; figuratively, deprivation of sense and judgment by anything that exhilarates, as success. Sir T. Browne.
Preserve him from the inebriation of prosperity. Macaulay.
Syn. -- See Drunkenness.

Inebriety

In`e*bri"e*ty (?), n. [See Inebriate, Ebriety.] Drunkenness; inebriation. E. Darwin.

Inebrious

In*e"bri*ous (?), a. Intoxicated, or partially so; intoxicating. [R.] T. Brown.

Inedited

In*ed"it*ed (?), a. Not edited; unpublished; as, an inedited manuscript. T. Warton.

In\'82e

I`n\'82e" (?), n. [F.] An arrow poison, made from an apocynaceous plant (Strophanthus hispidus) of the Gaboon country; -- called also onaye.

Ineffability

In*ef`fa*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. ineffabilitas: cf. F. ineffabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being ineffable; ineffableness; unspeakableness.

Ineffable

In*ef"fa*ble (?), a. [L. ineffabilis: cf. F. ineffable. See In- not, and Effable, Fame.] Incapable of being expresses in words; unspeakable; unutterable; indescribable; as, the ineffable joys of heaven.
Contentment with our lot . . . will diffuse ineffable contenBeattie.

Ineffableness

In*ef"fa*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being ineffable or unutterable; unspeakableness.

Ineffably

In*ef"fa*bly, adv. In a manner not to be expressed in words; unspeakably. Milton.

Ineffaceable

In`ef*face"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + effaceable: cf. F. ineffa.] Incapable of being effaced; indelible; ineradicable.

Ineffaceably

In`ef*face"a*bly, adv. So as not to be effaceable.

Ineffectible

In`ef*fect"i*ble (?), a. Ineffectual; impracticable. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Ineffective

In`ef*fect"ive (?), a. [Pref. in- not + effective: cf. F. ineffectif.] Not effective; ineffectual; futile; inefficient; useless; as, an ineffective appeal.
The word of God, without the spirit, [is] a dead and ineffective letter. Jer. Taylor.

Ineffectively

In`ef*fect"ive*ly, adv. In an ineffective manner; without effect; inefficiently; ineffectually.

Ineffectiveness

In`ef*fect"ive*ness, n. Quality of being ineffective.

Ineffectual

In`ef*fec"tu*al (?; 135), a. Not producing the proper effect; without effect; inefficient; weak; useless; futile; unavailing; as, an ineffectual attempt; an ineffectual expedient. Pope.
The peony root has been much commended, . . . and yet has been by many found ineffectual. Boyle.
Syn. -- Inefficient; useless; inefficacious; vain; fruitless; unavailing; futile. See Uselesss, Inefficacious.

Ineffectuality

In`ef*fec`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. Ineffectualness. [R.]

Ineffectually

In`ef*fec"tu*al*ly, adv. Without effect; in vain.

Ineffectualness

In`ef*fec"tu*al*ness, n. Want of effect, or of power to produce it; inefficacy.
The ineffectualness of some men's devotion. Wake.

Ineffervescence

In*ef`fer*ves"cence (?), n. Want of effervescence. Kirwan.

Ineffervescent

In*ef`fer*ves"cent (?), a. Not effervescing, or not susceptible of effervescence; quiescent.

Ineffervescibility

In*ef`fer*ves`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being ineffervescible.

Ineffervescible

In*ef`fer*ves"ci*ble (?), a. Not capable or susceptible of effervescence.

Inefficacious

In*ef`fi*ca"cious (?), a. [Pref. in- not + efficacious: cf. F. inefficace, L. inefficax.] Not efficacious; not having power to produce the effect desired; inadequate; incompetent; inefficient; impotent. Boyle.
The authority of Parliament must become inefficacious . . . to restrain the growth of disorders. Burke.
&hand; Ineffectual, says Johnson, rather denotes an actual failure, and inefficacious and habitual impotence to any effect. But the distinction is not always observed, nor can it be; for we can not always know whether means are inefficacious till experiment has proved them ineffectual. Inefficacious is therefore sometimes synonymous with ineffectual.

Inefficaciously

In*ef`fi*ca"cious*ly, adv. without efficacy or effect.

Inefficaciousness

In*ef`fi*ca"cious*ness, n. Want of effect, or of power to produce the effect; inefficacy.

Inefficacy

In*ef"fi*ca*cy (?), n. [L. inefficacia. See In- not, and Efficacy.] Want of power to produce the desired or proper effect; inefficiency; ineffectualness; futility; uselessness; fruitlessness; as, the inefficacy of medicines or means.
The seeming inefficacy of censures. Bp. Hall.
The inefficacy was soon proved, like that of many similar medicines. James Gregory.

Inenficiency

In`en*fi"cien*cy (?), n. The quality of being inefficient; want of power or energy sufficient; want of power or energy sufficient for the desired effect; inefficacy; incapacity; as, he was discharged from his position for inefficiency.

Inenficient

In`en*fi"cient (?), a.

1. Not efficient; not producing the effect intended or desired; inefficacious; as, inefficient means or measures.

2. Incapable of, or indisposed to, effective action; habitually slack or remiss; effecting little or nothing; as, inefficient workmen; an inefficient administrator.

Inenficiently

In`en*fi"cient*ly, adv. In an inefficient manner.

Inelaborate

In`e*lab"o*rate (?), a. [L. inelaboratus. See In- not, and Elaborate.] Not elaborate; not wrought with care; unpolished; crude; unfinished.

Inelastic

In`e*las"tic (?), a. Not elastic.

Inelasticity

In`e*las*tic"i*ty (?), n. Want of elasticity.

Inelegance, Inelegancy

In*el"e*gance (?), In*el"e*gan*cy (?), n.; pl. Inelegances (#), Inelegancies (#). [L. inelegantia: cf. F. in\'82l\'82gance.]

1. The quality of being inelegant; want of elegance or grace; want of refinement, beauty, or polish in language, composition, or manners.

The notorious inelegance of her figure. T. Hook.

2. Anything inelegant; as, inelegance of style in literary composition.

Inelegant

In*el"e*gant (?), a. [L. inelegans: cf. F. in\'82l\'82gant. See In- not, and Elegant.] Not elegant; deficient in beauty, polish, refinement, grave, or ornament; wanting in anything which correct taste requires.
What order so contrived as not to mix Tastes, not well joined, inelegant. Milton.
It renders style often obscure, always embarrassed and inelegant. Blair.

Inelegantly

In*el"e*gant*ly, adv. In an inelegant manner.

Ineligibility

In*el`i*gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. in\'82ligibilit\'82.] The state or quality of being ineligible.

Ineligible

In*el"i*gi*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + eligible: cf. F. in\'82ligible.] Not eligible; not qualified to be chos Burke.

Inelligibly

In*el"li*gi*bly (?), adv. In an ineligible manner.

Ineloquent

In*e"lo*quent (?), a. [L. ineloquens: cf. F. in\'82loquent. See In- not, and Eloquent.] Not eloquent; not fluent, graceful, or pathetic; not persuasive; as, ineloquent language.
Nor are thy lips ungraceful, sire of men, Nor tongue ineloquent. Milton.

Ineloquently

In*e"lo*quent*ly, adv. Without eloquence.

Ineluctable

In`e*luc"ta*ble (?), a. [L. ineluctabilis; pref. in- not + eluctabilis to be surmounted, fr. eluctari to struggle out of, to surmount: cf. F. in\'82luctable. See Eluctate.] Not to be overcome by struggling; irresistible; inevitable. Bp. Pearson.
The ineluctable conditions of matter. Hamerton.

Ineludible

In`e*lud"i*ble (?), a. Incapable of being eluded or evaded; unvoidable.
Most pressing reasons and ineludible demonstrations. Glanvill.

Inembryonate

In*em"bry*o*nate (?), a. (Biol.) Not embryonate.

Inernarrable

In`er*nar"ra*ble (?), a. [L. inenarrabilis; pref. in- not + enarrabilis that may be related; fr. enarrare to relate: cf. F. in\'82narrable. See Enarration.] Incapable of being narrated; indescribable; ineffable. [Obs.] "Inenarrable goodness." Bp. Fisher.

Inept

In*ept" (?), a. [L. ineptus; prefix. in- not + aptus apt, fit: cf. F. inepte. Cf. Inapt.]

1. Not apt or fit; unfit; unsuitable; improper; unbecoming.

The Aristotelian philosophy is inept for new discoveries. Glanvill.

2. Silly; useless; nonsensical; absurd; foolish.

To view attention as a special act of intelligence, and to distinguish it from consciousness, is utterly inept. Sir W. Hamilton.

Ineptitude

In*ept"i*tude (?), n. [L. ineptitudo.]

1. The quality of being inept; unfitness; inaptitude; unsuitableness.

That ineptitude for society, which is frequently the fault of us scholars. Tatler.

2. Absurdity; nonsense; foolishness.

Ineptly

In*ept"ly, adv. Unfitly; unsuitably; awkwardly.
None of them are made foolishly or ineptly. Dr. H. More.

Ineptness

In*ept"ness, n. Unfitness; ineptitude.
The feebleness and miserable ineptness of infancy. Dr. H. More.

Inequable

In*e"qua*ble (?), a. Unequable. [R.] Bailey.

Inequal

In*e"qual (?), a. [L. inaequalis. See In- not, and Equal.] Unequal; uneven; various. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Inequality

In`e*qual"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Inequalities (#). [L. inaequalitas.]

1. The quality of being unequal; difference, or want of equality, in any respect; lack of uniformity; disproportion; unevenness; disparity; diversity; as, an inequality in size, stature, numbers, power, distances, motions, rank, property, etc.

There is so great an inequality in the length of our legs and arms as makes it impossible for us to walk on all four. Ray.
Notwithstanding which inequality of number, it was resolved in a council of war to fight the Dutch fleet. Ludlow.
Sympathy is rarely strong where there is a great inequality of condition. Macaulay.

2. Unevenness; want of levelness; the alternate rising and falling of a surface; as, the inequalities of the surface of the earth, or of a marble slab, etc.

The country is cut into so many hills and inequalities as renders it defensible. Addison.

3. Variableness; changeableness; inconstancy; lack of smoothness or equability; deviation; unsteadiness, as of the weather, feelings, etc.

Inequality of air is ever an enemy to health. Bacon.

4. Disproportion to any office or purpose; inadequacy; competency; as, the inequality of terrestrial things to the wants of a rational soul. South.

5. (Alg.) An expression consisting of two unequal quantities, with the sign of inequality (> or <) between them; as, the inequality 2 < 3, or 4 > 1.

6. (Astron.) An irregularity, or a deviation, in the motion of a planet or satellite from its uniform mean motion; the amount of such deviation.

Inequation

In`e*qua"tion (?), n. (Math.) An inequality.

Inequidistant

In*e`qui*dis"tant (?), a. Not equally distant; not equidistant.

Inequilateral

In*e`qui*lat"er*al (?), a.

1. Having unequal sides; unsymmetrical; unequal-sided.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the two ends unequal, as in the clam, quahaug, and most lamellibranch shells.

Inequilobate

In*e`qui*lo"bate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + equi- + lobate.] (Biol.) Unequally lobed; cut into lobes of different shapes or sizes.

Inequitable

In*eq"ui*ta*ble (?), a. Not equitable; not just. Burke.

Inequitate

In*eq"ui*tate (?), v. t. [L. inequitatus, p. p. inequitare to ride over. See 1st In-, and Equitant.] To ride over or through. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Inequity

In*eq"ui*ty (?), n. Want of equity; injustice; wrong. "Some form of inequity." H. Spencer.

Inequivalve, Inequivalvular

In*e"qui*valve (?), In*e`qui*val"vu*lar (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having unequal valves, as the shell of an oyster.

Ineradicable

In`e*rad"i*ca*ble (?), a. Incapable of being
The bad seed thus sown was ineradicable. Ld. Lytton.

Ineradicably

In`e*rad"i*ca*bly, adv. So as not to be eradicable.

Inergetic, Inergetical

In`er*get"ic (?), In`er*get"ic*al (?), a. [Pref. in- not + energetic, -ical.] Having no energy; sluggish. [R.] Boyle.

Inergetically

In`er*get"ic*al*ly, adv. Without energy. [R.]

Inerm, Inermous

In*erm" (?), In*er"mous (?), a. (Bot.) Same as Inermis.

Inermis

In*er"mis (?), a. [L. inermis, inermus; pref. in- not + arma arms: cf. F. inerme.] (Bot.) Unarmed; destitute of prickles or thorns, as a leaf. Gray.

Inerrability

In*er`ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. Freedom or exemption from error; infallibility. Eikon Basilike.

Inerrable

In*er"ra*ble (?), a. [L. inerrabilis. See In- not, and Err.] Incapable of erring; infallible; unerring. "Inerabble and requisite conditions." Sir T. Browne. "Not an inerrable text." Gladstone.
Page 757

Inerrableness

In*er"ra*ble*ness (?), n. Exemption from error; inerrability; infallibility. Hammond.

Inerrably

In*er"ra*bly, adv. With security from error; infallibly; unerringly.

Inerrancy

In*er"ran*cy (?), n. Exemption from error.
The absolute inerrancy odf the Bible. The Century.

Inerratic

In`er*rat"ic (?), a. Not erratic or wandering; fixed; settled; established.

Inerringly

In*err"ing*ly (?), adv. Without error, mistake, or deviation; unerringly. Glanvill.

Inert

In*ert" (?), a. [L. iners, inertis, unskilled, idle; pref. in- + ars art: cf. F. inerte. See Art.]

1. Destitute of the power of moving itself, or of active resistance to motion; as, matter is inert.

2. Indisposed to move or act; very slow to act; sluggish; dull; inactive; indolent; lifeless.

The inert and desponding party of the court. Macaulay.
It present becomes extravagant, then imbecile, and at length utterly inert. I. Taylor.

3. Not having or manifesting active properties; not affecting other substances when brought in contact with them; powerless for an expected or desired effect.Syn. -- Inactive; dull; passive; indolent; sluggish; slothful; lazy; lifeless; irresolute; stupid; senseless; insensible. -- Inert, Inactive, Sluggish. A man may be inactive from mere want of stimulus to effort; but one who is inert has something in his constitution or his habits which operates like a weight holding him back from exertion. Sluggish is still stronger, implying some defect of temperament which directly impedes action. Inert and inactive are negative, sluggish is positive.

Even the favored isles . . . Can boast but little virtue; and, inert Through plenty, lose in morals what they gain In manners -- victims of luxurious ease. Cowper.
Doomed to lose four months in inactive obscurity. Johnson.
Sluggish Idleness, the nurse of sin, Upon a slothful ass he chose to ride. Spenser.

Inertia

In*er"ti*a (?), n. [L., idleness, fr. iners idle. See Inert.]

1. (Physics) That property of matter by which it tends when at rest to remain so, and when in motion to continue in motion, and in the same straight line or direction, unless acted on by some external force; -- sometimes called vis inerti\'91.

2. Inertness; indisposition to motion, exertion, or action; want of energy; sluggishness.

Men . . . have immense irresolution and inertia. Carlyle.

3. (Med.) Want of activity; sluggishness; -- said especially of the uterus, when, in labor, its contractions have nearly or wholly ceased. Center of inertia. (Mech.) See under Center.

Inertion

In*er"tion (?), n. Want of activity or exertion; inertness; quietude. [R.]
These vicissitudes of exertion and inertion of the arterial system constitute the paroxysms of remittent fever. E. Darwin.

Inertitude

In*ert"i*tude (?), n. [See Inert.] Inertness; inertia. [R.] Good.

Inertly

In*ert"ly, adv. Without activity; sluggishly. Pope.

Inertness

In*ert"ness, n.

1. Want of activity or exertion; habitual indisposition to action or motion; sluggishness; apathy; insensibility. Glanvill.

Laziness and inertness of mind. Burke.

2. Absence of the power of self-motion; inertia.

Inerudite

In*er"u*dite (?), a. [L. ineruditus. See In- not, and Erudite.] Not erudite; unlearned; ignorant.

Inescapable

In`es*cap"a*ble (?), a. Not escapable.

Inescate

In*es"cate (?), v. t. [L. inescatus, p. p. of inescare; in- in + esca bait.] To allure; to lay a bait for. [Obs.]
To inescate and beguile young women! Burton.

Inescation

In`es*ca"tion (?), n. [L. inescatio.] The act of baiting; allurement. [Obs.] Hallywell.

Inescutcheon

In`es*cutch"eon (?), n. (Her.) A small escutcheon borne within a shield.

In esse

In` es"se (?). [L.] In being; actually existing; -- distinguished from in posse, or in potentia, which denote that a thing is not, but may be.

Inessential

In`es*sen"tial (?), a. [Pref. in- not + essential: cf. F. inessentiel.]

1. Having no essence or being. H. Brooke.

The womb of inessential Naught. Shelley.

2. Not essential; unessential.

Inestimable

In*es"ti*ma*ble (?), a. [L. inaestimabilis: cf. F. inestimable. See In- not, and Estimate.] Incapable of being estimated or computed; especially, too valuable or excellent to be measured or fully appreciated; above all price; as, inestimable rights or privileges.
But above all, for thine inestimable love. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
Science is too inestimable for expression by a money standard. Lyon Playfair.
Syn. -- Incalculable; invaluable; priceless.

Inestimably

In*es"ti*ma*bly, adv. In a manner, or to a degree, above estimation; as, things inestimably excellent.

Inevasible

In`e*va"si*ble (?), a. Incapable of being

Inevidence

In*ev"i*dence (?), n. [Cf. F. in\'82vidence.] Want of evidence; obscurity. [Obs.] Barrow.

Inevident

In*ev"i*dent (?), a. [Cf. F. in\'82vident.] Not evident; not clear or obvious; obscure.

Inevitability

In*ev`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. in\'82vitabilit\'82.] Impossibility to be avoided or shunned; inevitableness. Shelford.

Inevitable

In*ev"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. inevitabilis: cf. F. in\'82vitable. See In- not, and Evitable.]

1. Not evitable; incapable of being shunned; unavoidable; certain. "The inevitable hour." Gray.

It was inevitable; it was necessary; it was planted in the nature of things. Burke.

2. Irresistible. "Inevitable charms." Dryden.

Inevitableness

In*ev"i*ta*ble*ness (?), n. The state of being unavoidable; certainty to happen. Prideaux.

Inevitably

In*ev"i*ta*bly, adv. Without possibility of escape or evasion; unavoidably; certainly.
Inevitably thou shalt die. Milton.
How inevitably does immoderate laughter end in a sigh! South.

Inexact

In`ex*act" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + exact: cf. F. inexact.] Not exact; not precisely correct or true; inaccurate.

Inexactitude

In`ex*act"i*tude (?), n. Inexactness; uncertainty; as, geographical inexactitude.

Inexactly

In`ex*act"ly, adv. In a manner not exact or precise; inaccurately. R. A. Proctor.

Inexactness

In`ex*act"ness, n. Incorrectness; want of exactness.

Inexcitability

In`ex*cit`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inexcitable; insusceptibility to excitement.

Inexcitable

In`ex*cit"a*ble (?), a. [L. inexcitabilis from which one cannot be aroused. See In- not, and Excite.] Not susceptible of excitement; dull; lifeless; torpid.

Inexcusable

In`ex*cus"a*ble (?), a. [L. inexcusabilis: cf. F. inexcusable. See Excuse.] Not excusable; not admitting excuse or justification; as, inexcusable folly.
Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest; for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things. Rom. ii. 1.

Inexcusableness

In`ex*cus"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being inexcusable; enormity forgiveness. South.

Inexcusably

In`ex*cus"a*bly, adv. With a degree of guilt or folly beyond excuse or justification.
Inexcusably obstinate and perverse. Jortin.

Inexecrable

In*ex"e*cra*ble (?), a. That can not be execrated enough. [R.]

Inexecutable

In*ex"e*cu`ta*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + executable: cf. F. inex\'82cutable.] Incapable of being executed or performed; impracticable; infeasible.

Inexecution

In*ex`e*cu"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + execution: cf. F. inex\'82cution.] Neglect of execution; nonperformance; as, the inexecution of a treaty. Spence.

Inexertion

In`ex*er"tion (?), n. Want of exertion; want of effort; defect of action; indolence; laziness.

Inexhalable

In`ex*hal"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being exhaled. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Inexhausted

In`ex*haust"ed (?), a. [Pref. in- not + exhausted: cf. F. inexhaustus.] Not exhausted; not emptied; not spent; not having lost all strength or resources; unexhausted. Dryden.

Inexhaustedly

In`ex*haust"ed*ly, adv. Without exhaustion.

Inexhaustibility

In`ex*haust`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being inexhaustible; abundance.

Inexhaustible

In`ex*haust"i*ble (?), a. Incapable of being exhausted, emptied, or used up; unfailing; not to be wasted or spent; as, inexhaustible stores of provisions; an inexhaustible stock of elegant words. Dryden.
An inexhaustible store of anecdotes. Macaulay.
-- In`ex*haust"i*ble*ness, n. -- In`ex*haust"i*bly, adv.

Inexhaustive

In`ex*haust"ive (?), a. Inexhaustible. Thomson.

Inexist

In`ex*ist" (?), v. i. [Pref. in- in + exist.] To exist within; to dwell within. [Obs.]
Substances inexisting within the divine mind. A. Tucker.

Inexistant

In`ex*ist"ant (?), a. [Cf. F. inexistant. See 1st Inexistent.] Inexistent; not existing. [Obs.] Gudworth.

Inexistence

In`ex*ist"ence (?), n. [Pref. in- in + existence.] [Obs.] (a) Inherence; subsistence. Bp. Hall. (b) That which exists within; a constituent. A. Tucker.

Inexistence

In`ex*ist"ence, n. [Pref. in- in + existence: cf. F. inexistence.] Want of being or existence.

Inexistent

In`ex*ist"ent (?), a. [Pref. in- in + existent: cf. F. inexistant.] Not having being; not existing.

Inexistent

In`ex*ist"ent, a. [Pref. in- in + existent.] Inherent; innate; indwelling. Boyle.

Inexorability

In*ex`o*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. inexorabilitas: cf. F. inexorabilit\'82.] The quality of being inexorable, or unyielding to entreaty. Paley.

Inexorable

In*ex"o*ra*ble (?), a. [L. inexorabilis: cf. F. inexorable. See In- not, and Exorable, Adore.] Not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty or prayer; firm; determined; unyielding; unchangeable; inflexible; relentless; as, an inexorable prince or tyrant; an inexorable judge. "Inexorable equality of laws." Gibbon. "Death's inexorable doom." Dryden.
You are more inhuman, more inexorable, O, ten times more than tigers of Hyrcania. Shak.

Inexorableness

In*ex"o*ra*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inexorable. Chillingworth.

Inexorably

In*ex"o*ra*bly, adv. In an inexorable manner; inflexibly. "Inexorably firm." Thomson.

Inexpansible

In`ex*pan"si*ble (?), a. Incapable of expansion, enlargement, or extension. Tyndall.

Inexpectable

In`ex*pect"a*ble (?), a. Not to be expected or anticipated. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Inexpectant

In"ex*pect"ant (?), a. Not expectant. C. Bront\'82.

Inexpectation

In*ex`pec*ta"tion (?), n. Absence of expectation. Feltham.

Inexpected

In`ex*pect"ed (?), a. [Pref. in- not + expected: cf. L. inexspectatus.] Unexpected. [Obs.]

Inexpectedly

In`ex*pect"ed*ly, adv. Unexpectedly. [Obs.]

Inexpectedness

In`ex*pect"ed*ness, n. Unexpectedness. [Obs.]

Inexpedience, Inexpediency

In`ex*pe"di*ence (?), In`ex*pe"di*en*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being inexpedient; want of fitness; unsuitableness to the end or object; impropriety; as, the inexpedience of some measures.
It is not the rigor but the inexpediency of laws and acts of authority which makes them tyrannical. Paley.

Inexpedient

In`ex*pe"di*ent (?), a. Not expedient; not tending to promote a purpose; not tending to the end desired; inadvisable; unfit; improper; unsuitable to time and place; as, what is expedient at one time may be inexpedient at another.
If it was not unlawful, yet it was highly inexpedient to use those ceremonies. Bp. Burnet.
Syn. -- Unwise; impolitic; imprudent; indiscreet; unprofitable; inadvisable; disadvantageous.

Inexpediently

In`ex*pe"di*ent*ly (?), adv. Not

Inexpensive

In`ex*pen"sive (?), a. Not expensive; cheap.

Inexperience

In`ex*pe"ri*ence (?), n. [L. inexperientia, cf. F. inexp\'82rience. See In- not, and Experience.] Absence or want of experience; lack of personal and experimental knowledge; as, the inexperience of youth.
Failings which are incident to youth and inexperience. Dryden.
Prejudice and self-sufficiency naturally proceed from inexperience of the world, and ignorance of mankind. Addison.

Inexperienced

In`ex*pe"ri*enced (?), a. Not having experience unskilled. "Inexperienced youth." Cowper.

Inexpert

In`ex*pert" (?), a. [L. inexpertus inexperienced: cf. F. inexpert. See In- not, and Expert.]

1. Destitute of experience or of much experience. [Obs.] Milton.

2. Not expert; not skilled; destitute of knowledge or dexterity derived from practice. Akenside.

Inexpertness

In`ex*pert"ness, n. Want of expertness or skill.

Inexpiable

In*ex"pi*a*ble (?), a. [L. inexpiabilis: cf. F. inexpiable. See In- not, and Expiable.]

1. Admitting of no expiation, atonement, or satisfaction; as, an inexpiable crime or offense. Pomfret.

2. Incapable of being mollified or appeased; relentless; implacable. [Archaic] "Inexpiable hate." Milton.

They are at inexpiable war with all establishments. Burke.

Inexpiableness

In*ex"pi*a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being inexpiable.

Inexpiably

In*ex"pi*a*bly, adv. In an inexpiable manner of degree; to a degree that admits of no atonement.

Inexpiate

In*ex"pi*ate (?), a. [L. inexpiatus. See In- not, and Expiate.] Not appeased or placated. [Obs.]
To rest inexpiate were much too rude a part. Chapman.

Inexplainable

In`ex*plain"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + explainable; cf. L. inexplanabilis.] Incapable of being explained; inexplicable.

Inexpleably

In*ex"ple*a*bly (?), adv. [Cf. L. inexplebilis; pref. in- not + explere to fill up. See Expletion.] Insatiably. [Obs.] Sandys.

Inexplicability

In*ex`pli*ca*bil"i*ty, n. [Cf. F. inexplicabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being inexplicable. H. Spencer.

Inexplicable

In*ex"pli*ca*ble (?), a. [L. inexplicabilis: cf. F. inexplicable. See In- not, and Explicable.] Not explicable; not explainable; incapable of being explained, interpreted, or accounted for; as, an inexplicable mystery. "An inexplicable scratching." Cowper.
Their reason is disturbed; their views become vast and perplexed, to others inexplicable, to themselves uncertain. Burke.

Inexplicableness

In*ex"pli*ca*ble*ness, n. A state of being inexplicable; inexplicability.

Inexplicably

In*ex"pli*ca*bly, adv. In an inexplicable manner.

Inexplicit

In`ex*plic"it (?), a. [L. inexplicitus: cf. F. inexplicite. See In- not, and Explicit.] Not explicit; not clearly stated; indefinite; vague.

Inexplorable

In`ex*plor"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being explored, searched out, or discovered. Sir G. Buck.

Inexplosive

In`ex*plo"sive (?), a. Not explosive.

Inexposure

In`ex*po"sure (?; 135), n. A state of not being exposed.

Inexpressible

In`ex*press"i*ble (?), a. Not capable of expression or utterance in language; ineffable; unspeakable; indescribable; unutterable; as, inexpressible grief or pleasure. "Inexpressible grandeur." Blair.
In orbs Of circuit inexpressible they stood. Milton.

Inexpressibles

In`ex*press"i*bles (?), n. pl. Breeches; trousers. [Colloq. or Slang] <-- = unmentionables; underwear, esp. women's --> Ld. Lytton.

Inexpressibly

In`ex*press"i*bly, adv. In an inexpressible manner or degree; unspeakably; unutterably. Spectator.

Inexpressive

In`ex*press"ive (?), a.

1. Inexpressible. [R.]

2. Without expression or meaning; not expressive; dull; unintelligent; as, an inexpressive countenance.

Inexpressiveness

In`ex*press"ive*ness, n. The state or quality of being inexpressive.

Inexpugnable

In`ex*pug"na*ble (?), a. [L. inexpugnabilis: cf. F. inexpugnable. See In- not, and Expugnable.] Incapable of being subdued by force; impregnable; unconquerable. Burke.
A fortress, inexpugnable by the arts of war. Milman.

Inexpugnably

In`ex*pug"na*bly, adv. So as to be inexpugnable; in an inexpugnable manner. Dr. H. More.

Inexsuperable

In`ex*su"per*a*ble (?), a. [L. inexsuperabilis; pref. in- not + exsuperabilis that may be surmounted. See In- not, Ex-, and Superable.] Not capable of being passed over; insuperable; insurmountable.

Inextended

In`ex*tend"ed (?), a. Not extended.

Inextensible

In`ex*ten"si*ble (?), a. Not capable of being extended; not elastic; as, inextensible fibers.

Inextension

In`ex*ten"sion (?), n. Want of extension; unextended state.

Inexterminable

In`ex*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. [L. inexterminabilis. See In- not, and Exterminate.] Incapable of extermination. Rush.

Inextinct

In`ex*tinct" (?), a. [L. inextinctus, inexstinctus. See Extinct.] Not quenched; not extinct.

Inextinguible

In`ex*tin"gui*ble (?), a. [L. inexstinguibilis: cf. F, inextinguible. See Inextinct.] Inextinguishable. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

Inextinguishable

In`ex*tin"guish*a*ble (?), a. Not capable of being extinguished; extinguishable; unquenchable; as, inextinguishable flame, light, thirst, desire, feuds. "Inextinguishable rage." Milton.

Inextinguishably

In`ex*tin"guish*a*bly, adv. So as not to be extinguished; in an inextinguishable manner.

Inextirpable

In`ex*tir"pa*ble (?), a. [L. inexstirpabilis: cf. F. inextirpable. See In- not, and Extirpate.] Not capable of being extirpated or rooted out; ineradicable.

Inextricable

In*ex"tri*ca*ble (?), a. [L. inextricabilis: cf. F. inextricable. See In- not, and Extricate.]

1. Incapable of being extricated, untied, or disentangled; hopelessly intricate, confused, or obscure; as, an inextricable knot or difficulty; inextricable confusion.

Lost in the wild, inextricable maze. Blackmore.

2. Inevitable. [R.] "Fate inextricable." Milton.


Page 758

Inextricableness

In*ex"tri*ca*ble*ness (?), n. The state of being inextricable.

Inextricably

In*ex"tri*ca*bly, adv. In an inextricable manner.

Ineye

In*eye" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ineyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ineyeing.] [Pref. in- in + eye.] To ingraft, as a tree or plant, by the insertion of a bud or eye; to inoculate.
The arts of grafting and ineying. J. Philips.

Infabricated

In*fab"ri*ca`ted (?), a. Not fabricated; unwrought; not artificial; natural. [Obs.]

Infallibilist

In*fal"li*bil*ist (?), n. One who accepts or maintains the dogma of papal infallibility.

Infallibility

In*fal`li*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. infaillibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being infallible, or exempt from error; inerrability.
Infallibility is the highest perfection of the knowing faculty. Tillotson.
Papal infallibility (R. C. Ch.), the dogma that the pope can not, when acting in his official character of supreme pontiff, err in defining a doctrine of Christian faith or rule of morals, to be held by the church. This was decreed by the Ecumenical Council at the Vatican, July 18, 1870.

Infallible

In*fal"li*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + fallible: cf. F. infallible.]

1. Not fallible; not capable of erring; entirely exempt from liability to mistake; unerring; inerrable. Dryden.

2. Not liable to fail, deceive, or disappoint; indubitable; sure; certain; as, infallible evidence; infallible success; an infallible remedy.

To whom also he showed himself alive, after his passion, by many infallible proofs. Acts i. 3.

3. (R. C. Ch.) Incapable of error in defining doctrines touching faith or morals. See Papal infallibility, under Infallibility.

Infallibleness

In*fal"li*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being infallible; infallibility. Bp. Hall.

Infallibly

In*fal"li*bly, adv. In an infallible manner; certainly; unfailingly; unerringly. Blair.

Infame

In*fame" (?), v. t. [L. infamare, fr. infamis infamous: cf. F. infamer, It. infamare. See Infamous.] To defame; to make infamous. [Obs.] Milton.
Livia is infamed for the poisoning of her husband. Bacon.

Infamize

In"fa*mize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infamized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infamizing (?).] To make infamous; to defame. [R.] Coleridge.

Infamous

In"fa*mous (?), a. [Pref. in- not + famous: cf. L. infamis. See Infamy.]

1. Of very bad report; having a reputation of the worst kind; held in abhorrence; guilty of something that exposes to infamy; base; notoriously vile; detestable; as, an infamous traitor; an infamous perjurer.

False errant knight, infamous, and forsworn. Spenser.

2. Causing or producing infamy; deserving detestation; scandalous to the last degree; as, an infamous act; infamous vices; infamous corruption. Macaulay.

3. (Law) Branded with infamy by conviction of a crime; as, at common law, an infamous person can not be a witness.

4. Having a bad name as being the place where an odious crime was committed, or as being associated with something detestable; hence, unlucky; perilous; dangerous. "Infamous woods." P. Fletcher.

Infamous hills, and sandy perilous wilds. Milton.
The piny shade More infamous by cursed Lycaon made. Dryden.
Syn. -- Detestable; odious; scandalous; disgraceful; base; vile; shameful; ignominious.

Infamously

In"fa*mous*ly, adv. In an infamous manner or degree; scandalously; disgracefully; shamefully.
The sealed fountain of royal bounty which had been infamously monopolized and huckstered. Burke.

Infamousness

In"fa*mous*ness, n. The state or quality of being infamous; infamy.

Infamy

In"fa*my (?), n.; pl. Infamies (#). [L. infamia, fr. infamis infamous; pref. in- not + fama fame: cf. F. infamie. See Fame.]

1. Total loss of reputation; public disgrace; dishonor; ignominy; indignity.

The afflicted queen would not yield, and said she would not . . . submit to such infamy. Bp. Burnet.

2. A quality which exposes to disgrace; extreme baseness or vileness; as, the infamy of an action.

3. (Law) That loss of character, or public disgrace, which a convict incurs, and by which he is at common law rendered incompetent as a witness. <-- Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 -- a day which will live in infamy, . . . [Roosevelt] -->

Infancy

In"fan*cy (?), n. [L. infantia: cf. F. enfance. See Infant.]

1. The state or period of being an infant; the first part of life; early childhood.

The babe yet lies in smiling infancy. Milton.
Their love in early infancy began. Dryden.

2. The first age of anything; the beginning or early period of existence; as, the infancy of an art.

The infancy and the grandeur of Rome. Arbuthnot.

3. (Law) The state or condition of one under age, or under the age of twenty-one years; nonage; minority.

Infandous

In*fan"dous (?), a. [L. infandus; pref. in- not + fari to speak.] Too odious to be expressed or mentioned. [Obs.] Howell.

Infangthef

In*fang"thef (?), n. [AS. in-fangen-pe\'a2f; in in, into + fangen taken (p. p. of f to take) + pe\'a2f thief.] (O. Eng. Law) The privilege granted to lords of certain manors to judge thieves taken within the seigniory of such lords. Cowell.

Infant

In"fant (?), n. [L. infans; pref. in- not +fari to speak: cf. F. enfant, whence OE. enfaunt. See Fame, and cf. Infante, Infanta.]

1. A child in the first period of life, beginning at his birth; a young babe; sometimes, a child several years of age.

And tender cries of infants pierce the ear. C. Pitt.

2. (Law) A person who is not of full age, or who has not attained the age of legal capacity; a person under the age of twenty-one years; a minor. &hand; An infant under seven years of age is not penally responsible; between seven and fourteen years of age, he may be convicted of a malicious offense if malice be proved. He becomes of age on the day preceding his twenty-first birthday, previous to which time an infant has no capacity to contract.

3. Same as Infante. [Obs.] Spenser.

Infant

In"fant (?), a.

1. Of or pertaining to infancy, or the first period of life; tender; not mature; as, infant strength.

2. Intended for young children; as, an infant school.

Infant

In"fant, v. t. [Cf. F. enfanter.] To bear or bring forth, as a child; hence, to produce, in general. [Obs.]
This worthy motto, "No bishop, no king," is . . . infanted out of the same fears. Milton.

Infanta

In*fan"ta (?), n. [Sp. & Pg., fem. of infante. See Infante.] A title borne by every one of the daughters of the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the eldest.

Infante

In*fan"te (?), n. [Sp. & Pg. See Infant.] A title given to every one of sons of the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the eldest or heir apparent.

Infanthood

In"fant*hood (?), n. Infancy. [R.]

Infanticidal

In*fan"ti*ci`dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to infanticide; engaged in, or guilty of, child murder.

Infanticide

In*fan"ti*cide (?), n. [L. infanticidium child murder; infans, -antis, child + caedere to kill: cf. F. infanticide. See Infant, and Homicide.] The murder of an infant born alive; the murder or killing of a newly born or young child; child murder.

Infanticide

In*fan"ti*cide, n. [L. infanticida: cf. F. infanticide.] One who commits the crime of infanticide; one who kills an infant.

Infantile

In"fan*tile (?; 277), a. [L. infantilis: cf. F. infantile. See Infant.] Of or pertaining to infancy, or to an infant; similar to, or characteristic of, an infant; childish; as, infantile behavior.

Infantine

In"fan*tine (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. enfantin.] Infantile; childish.
A degree of credulity next infantine. Burke.

Infantlike

In"fant*like` (?), a. Like an infant. Shak.

Infantly

In"fant*ly, a. Like an infant. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Infantry

In"fan*try (?), n. [F. infanterie, It. infanteria, fr. infante infant, child, boy servant, foot soldier, fr. L. infans, -antis, child; foot soldiers being formerly the servants and followers of knights. See Infant.]

1. A body of children. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. (Mil.) A body of soldiers serving on foot; foot soldiers, in distinction from cavalry.

Infarce

In*farce" (?), v. t. [L. infarcire: pref. in- in + farcire, fartum and farctum, to stuff, cram.] To stuff; to swell. [Obs.]
The body is infarced with . . . watery humors. Sir T. Elyot.

Infarction

In*farc"tion (?), n. [See Infarce.] The act of stuffing or filling; an overloading and obstruction of any organ or vessel of the body; constipation.

Infare

In"fare` (?), n. [AS. inf\'91r entrance.] A house-warming; especially, a reception, party, or entertainment given by a newly married couple, or by the husband upon receiving the wife to his house. [Written also infair.] [Scot., & Local, U. S.]

Infashionable

In*fash"ion*a*ble, a. Unfashionable. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Infatigable

In*fat"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. infatigabilis: cf. F. infatigable.] Indefatigable. [Obs.] Daniel.

Infatuate

In*fat"u*ate (?; 135), a. [L. infatuatus, p. p. of infatuare to infatuate; pref. in- in + fatuus foolish. See Fatuous.] Infatuated. Bp. Hall.

Infatuate

In*fat"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infatuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infatuating.]

1. To make foolish; to affect with folly; to weaken the intellectual powers of, or to deprive of sound judgment.

The judgment of God will be very visible in infatuating a people . . . ripe and prepared for destruction. Clarendon.

2. To inspire with a foolish and extravagant passion; as, to be infatuated with gaming.

The people are . . . infatuated with the notion. Addison.

Infatuated

In*fat"u*a`ted (?), a. Overcome by some foolish passion or desire; affected by infatuation.

Infatuation

In*fat`u*a"tion (?), n. [LL. infatuatio: cf. F. infatuation.] The act of infatuating; the state of being infatuated; folly; that which infatuates.
The infatuations of the sensual and frivolous part of mankind are amazing; but the infatuations of the learned and sophistical are incomparably more so. I. Taylor.
Such is the infatuation of self-love. Blair.

Infaust

In*faust" (?), a. [L. infaustus; pref. in- not + faustus fortunate, lucky.] Not favorable; unlucky; unpropitious; sinister. [R.] Ld. Lytton.

Infausting

In*faust"ing (?), n. The act of making unlucky; misfortune; bad luck. [Obs.] Bacon.

Infeasibility

In*fea`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being infeasible; impracticability.

Infeasible

In*fea"si*ble (?), a. Not capable of being done or accomplished; impracticable. Glanvill.

Infeasibleness

In*fea"si*ble*ness, n. The state of quality of being infeasible; infeasibility. W. Montagu.

Infect

In*fect" (?), a. [L. infectus: cf. F. infect. See Infect, v. t.] Infected. Cf. Enfect. [Obs.] Shak.

Infect

In*fect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infected; p. pr. & vb. n. Infecting.] [L. infectus, p. p. of inficere to put or dip into, to stain, infect; pref. in- in + facere to make; cf. F. infecter. See Fact.]

1. To taint with morbid matter or any pestilential or noxious substance or effluvium by which disease is produced; as, to infect a lancet; to infect an apartment.

2. To affect with infectious disease; to communicate infection to; as, infected with the plague.

Them that were left alive being infected with this disease. Sir T. North.

3. To communicate to or affect with, as qualities or emotions, esp. bad qualities; to corrupt; to contaminate; to taint by the communication of anything noxious or pernicious. Cowper.

Infected Ston's daughters with like heat. Milton.

4. (Law) To contaminate with illegality or to expo Syn. -- To poison; vitiate; pollute; defile.

Infecter

In*fect"er (?), n. One who, or that which, infects.

Infectible

In*fect"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being infected.

Infection

In*fec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. infection, L. infectio a dyeing.]

1. The act or process of infecting.

There was a strict order against coming to those pits, and that was only to prevent infection. De Foe.

2. That which infects, or causes the communicated disease; any effluvium, miasm, or pestilential matter by which an infectious disease is caused.

And that which was still worse, they that did thus break out spread the infection further by their wandering about with the distemper upon them. De Foe.

3. The state of being infected; contamination by morbific particles; the result of infecting influence; a prevailing disease; epidemic.

The danger was really very great, the infection being so very violent in London. De Foe.

4. That which taints or corrupts morally; as, the infection of vicious principles.

It was her chance to light Amidst the gross infections of those times. Daniel.

5. (Law) Contamination by illegality, as in cases of contraband goods; implication.

6. Sympathetic communication of like qualities or emotions; influence.

Through all her train the soft infection ran. Pope.
Mankind are gay or serious by infection. Rambler.
Syn. -- Infection, Contagion. -- Infection is often used in a definite and limited sense of the transmission of affections without direct contact of individuals or immediate application or introduction of the morbific agent, in contradistinction to contagion, which then implies transmission by direct contact. Quain. See Contagious.

Infectious

In*fec"tious (?), a. [Cf. F. infectieux.]

1. Having qualities that may infect; communicable or caused by infection; pestilential; epidemic; as, an infectious fever; infectious clothing; infectious air; infectious vices.

Where the infectious pestilence. Shak.

2. Corrupting, or tending to corrupt or contaminate; vitiating; demoralizing.

It [the court] is necessary for the polishing of manners . . . but it is infectious even to the best morals to live always in it. Dryden.

3. (Law) Contaminating with illegality; exposing to seizure and forfeiture.

Contraband articles are said to be of an infectious nature. Kent.

4. Capable of being easily diffused or spread; sympathetic; readily communicated; as, infectious mirth.

The laughter was so genuine as to be infectious. W. Black.
Syn. -- See Contagious.

Infectiously

In*fec"tious*ly, adv. In an infectious manner. Shak.

Infectiousness

In*fec"tious*ness, n. The quality of being infectious.

Infective

In*fect"ive (?), a. [L. infectivus pertaining to dyeing.] Infectious. Beau. & Fl.
True love . . . hath an infective power. Sir P. Sidney.

Infecund

In*fec"und (?), a. [L. infecundus: cf. F. inf\'82cond. See In- not, and Fecund.] Unfruitful; not producing young; barren; infertile. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Infecundity

In`fe*cun"di*ty (?), n. [L. infecunditas: cf. F. inf\'82condit\'82.] Want of fecundity or fruitfulness; barrenness; sterility; unproductiveness.

Infecundous

In`fe*cun"dous (?), a. [See Infecund.] Infertile; barren; unprofitable; unproductive. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Infeeble

In*fee"ble (?), v. t. See Enfeeble.

Infelicitous

In`fe*lic"i*tous (?), a. Not felicitous; unhappy; unfortunate; not fortunate or appropriate in application; not well said, expressed, or done; as, an infelicitous condition; an infelicitous remark; an infelicitous description; infelicitous words.

Infelicity

In`fe*lic"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Infelicities (#). [L. infelicitas: cf. F. inf\'82licit\'82. See In- not, and Felicity.]

1. The state or quality of being infelicitous; unhappiness; misery; wretchedness; misfortune; want of suitableness or appropriateness. I. Watts.

Whatever is the ignorance and infelicity of the present state, we were made wise and happy. Glanvill.

2. That (as an act, word, expression, etc.) which is infelicitous; as, infelicities of speech.

Infelonious

In`fe*lo"ni*ous (?), a. Not felonious, malignant, or criminal. G. Eliot.

Infelt

In"felt` (?), a. [Pref. in- in + felt.] Felt inwardly; heartfelt. [R.]
The baron stood afar off, or knelt in submissive, acknowledged, infelt inferiority. Milman.

Infeodation

In`feo*da"tion (?), n. (Law) See Infeudation.

Infeoff

In*feoff" (?), v. t. (Law) See Enfeoff.

Infeoffment

In*feoff"ment (?), n. (Law) See Enfeoffment.

Infer

In*fer" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inferred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inferring.] [L. inferre to bring into, bring forward, occasion, infer; pref. in- in + ferre to carry, bring: cf. F. inf\'82rer. See 1 st Bear.]

1. To bring on; to induce; to occasion. [Obs.] Harvey.

2. To offer, as violence. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. To bring forward, or employ as an argument; to adduce; to allege; to offer. [Obs.]

Full well hath Clifford played the orator, Inferring arguments of mighty force. Shak.

4. To derive by deduction or by induction; to conclude or surmise from facts or premises; to accept or derive, as a consequence, conclusion, or probability; to imply; as, I inferred his determination from his silence.

To infer is nothing but by virtue of one proposition laid down as true, to draw in another as true. Locke.
Such opportunities always infer obligations. Atterbury.

5. To show; to manifest; to prove. [Obs.]

The first part is not the proof of the second, but rather contrariwise, the second inferreth well the first. Sir T. More.
This doth infer the zeal I had to see him. Shak.

Page 759

Inferable

In*fer"a*ble (?; 277), a. Capable of being inferred or deduced from premises. [Written also inferrible.] H. Spencer.
A sufficient argument . . . is inferable from these premises. Burke.

Inference

In"fer*ence (?), n. [From Infer.]

1. The act or process of inferring by deduction or induction.

Though it may chance to be right in the conclusions, it is yet unjust and mistaken in the method of inference. Glanvill.

2. That which inferred; a truth or proposition drawn from another which is admitted or supposed to be true; a conclusion; a deduction. Milton.

These inferences, or conclusions, are the effects of reasoning, and the three propositions, taken all together, are called syllogism, or argument. I. Watts.
Syn. -- Conclusion; deduction; consequence. -- Inference, Conclusion. An inference is literally that which is brought in; and hence, a deduction or induction from premises, -- something which follows as certainly or probably true. A conclusion is stronger than an inference; it shuts us up to the result, and terminates inquiry. We infer what is particular or probable; we conclude what is certain. In a chain of reasoning we have many inferences, which lead to the ultimate conclusion. "An inference is a proposition which is perceived to be true, because of its connection with some known fact." "When something is simply affirmed to be true, it is called a proposition; after it has been found to be true by several reasons or arguments, it is called a conclusion." I. Taylor.

Inferential

In`fer*en"tial (?), a. Deduced or deducible by inference. "Inferential proofs." J. S. Mill.

Inferentially

In`fer*en"tial*ly, adv. By way of inference.

Inferi\'91

In*fe"ri*\'91 (?), n. pl. [L., fr. inferus underneath.] (Rom. Antiq.) Sacrifices offered to the souls of deceased heroes or friends.

Inferior

In*fe"ri*or (?), a. [L., compar. of inferus that is below, underneath, the lower; akin to E. under: cf. F. inf\'82rieur. See Under.]

1. Lower in place, rank, excellence, etc.; less important or valuable; subordinate; underneath; beneath.

A thousand inferior and particular propositions. I. Watts.
The body, or, as some love to call it, our inferior nature. Burke.
Whether they are equal or inferior to my other poems, an author is the most improper judge. Dryden.

2. Poor or mediocre; as, an inferior quality of goods.

3. (Astron.) (a) Nearer the sun than the earth is; as, the inferior or interior planets; an inferior conjunction of Mercury or Venus. (b) Below the horizon; as, the inferior part of a meridian,

4. (Bot.) (a) Situated below some other organ; -- said of a calyx when free from the ovary, and therefore below it, or of an ovary with an adherent and therefore inferior calyx. (b) On the side of a flower which is next the bract; anterior.

5. (Min.) Junior or subordinate in rank; as, an inferior officer. Inferior court (Law), a court subject to the jurisdiction of another court known as the superior, or higher, court. -- Inferior letter, Inferior figure (Print.), a small letter or figure standing at the bottom of the line (opposed to superior letter or figure), as in A2, Bn, 2 and n are inferior characters. -- Inferior tide, the tide corresponding to the moon's transit of the meridian, when below the horizon.

Inferior

In*fe"ri*or, n. A person lower in station, rank, intellect, etc., than another.
A great person gets more by obliging his inferior than by disdaining him. South.

Inferiority

In*fe`ri*or"i*ty (?), [Cf. F. inf\'82riorit\'82.] The state of being inferior; a lower state or condition; as, inferiority of rank, of talents, of age, of worth.
A deep sense of our own great inferiority. Boyle.

Inferiorly

In*fe"ri*or*ly (?), adv. In an inferior manner, or on the inferior part.

Infernal

In*fer"nal (?), a. [F. infernal, L. infernalis, fr. infernus that which lies beneath, the lower. See Inferior.]

1. Of or pertaining to or suitable for the lower regions, inhabited, according to the ancients, by the dead; pertaining to Pluto's realm of the dead, the Tartarus of the ancients.

The Elysian fields, the infernal monarchy. Garth.

2. Of or pertaining to, resembling, or inhabiting, hell; suitable for hell, or to the character of the inhabitants of hell; hellish; diabolical; as, infernal spirits, or conduct.

The instruments or abettors in such infernal dealings. Addison.
Infernal machine, a machine or apparatus maliciously designed to explode, and destroy life or property. -- Infernal stone (lapis infernalis), lunar caustic; formerly so called. The name was also applied to caustic potash. Syn. -- Tartarean; Stygian; hellish; devilish; diabolical; satanic; fiendish; malicious.

Infernal

In*fer"nal, n. An inhabitant of the infernal regions; also, the place itself. [Obs.] Drayton.

Infernally

In*fer"nal*ly, adv. In an infernal manner; diabolically. "Infernally false." Bp. Hacket.

Inferobranchian

In`fe*ro*bran"chi*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Inferobranchiata.

Inferobranchiata

In`fe*ro*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Inferobranchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of marine gastropod mollusks, in which the gills are between the foot and the mantle.

Inferobranchiate

In`fe*ro*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [L. inferus lower + E. branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the gills on the sides of the body, under the margin of the mantle; belonging to the Inferobranchiata.

Inferrible

In*fer"ri*ble (?), a. Inferable.

Infertile

In*fer"tile (?), a. [L. infertilis: cf. F. infertile. See In- not, and Fertile.] Not fertile; not productive; barren; sterile; as, an infertile soil.

Infertilely

In*fer"tile*ly, adv. In an infertile manner.

Infertility

In`fer*til"i*ty (?), n. [L. infertilitas: cf. F. infertilit\'82.] The state or quality of being infertile; unproductiveness; barrenness.
The infertility or noxiousness of the soil. Sir M. Hale.

Infest

In*fest" (?), a. [L. infestus. See Infest, v. t.] Mischievous; hurtful; harassing. [Obs.] Spenser.

Infest

In*fest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infested; p. pr. & vb. n. Infesting.] [L. infestare, fr. infestus disturbed, hostile, troublesome; in in, against + the root of defendere: cf. F. infester. See Defend.] To trouble greatly by numbers or by frequency of presence; to disturb; to annoy; to frequent and molest or harass; as, fleas infest dogs and cats; a sea infested with pirates.
To poison vermin that infest his plants. Cowper.
These, said the genius, are envy, avarice, superstition, love, with the like cares and passions that infest human life. Addison.
And the cares, that infest the day, Shall fold their tents, like the Arabs, And as silently steal away. Longfellow.

Infesttation

In`fest*ta"tion (?), n. [L. infestatio: cf. F. infestation.] The act of infesting or state of being infested; molestation; vexation; annoyance. Bacon.
Free from the infestation of enemies. Donne.

Infester

In*fest"er (?), n. One who, or that which, infests.

Infestive

In*fest"ive (?), a. [L. infestivus. See In- not, and Festive.] Having no mirth; not festive or merry; dull; cheerless; gloomy; forlorn. [R.]

Infestivity

In`fes*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Want of festivity, cheerfulness, or mirth; dullness; cheerlessness. [R.]

Infestuous

In*fes"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L. infestus. See Infest, a.] Mischievous; harmful; dangerous. [Obs.] "Infestuous as serpents." Bacon.

Infeudation

In`feu*da"tion (?), n. [LL. infeudatio, fr. infeudare to enfeoff: cf. F. inf\'82odation. See Feud a fief.]

1. (Law) The act of putting one in possession of an estate in fee. Sir M. Hale.

2. The granting of tithes to laymen. Blackstone.

Infibulation

In*fib`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. infibulare, infibulatum, to clasp, buckle, or button together; pref. in- in + fibula clasp, buckle: cf. F. infibulation.]

1. The act of clasping, or fastening, as with a buckle or padlock.

2. The act of attaching a ring, clasp, or frame, to the genital organs in such a manner as to prevent copulation.

Infidel

In"fi*del (?), a. [L. infidelis; pref. in- not + fidelis faithful, fr. fides faith: cf. F. infid\'8ale. See Fidelity.] Not holding the faith; -- applied esp. to one who does not believe in the inspiration of the Scriptures, and the supernatural origin of Christianity.
The infidel writer is a great enemy to society. V. Knox.

Infidel

In"fi*del, n. One who does not believe in the prevailing religious faith; especially, one who does not believe in the divine origin and authority of Christianity; a Mohammedan; a heathen; a freethinker. &hand; Infidel is used by English writers to translate the equivalent word used Mohammedans in speaking of Christians and other disbelievers in Mohammedanism. Syn. -- Infidel, Unbeliever, Freethinker, Deist, Atheist, Sceptic, Agnostic. An infidel, in common usage, is one who denies Christianity and the truth of the Scriptures. Some have endeavored to widen the sense of infidel so as to embrace atheism and every form of unbelief; but this use does not generally prevail. A freethinker is now only another name for an infidel. An unbeliever is not necessarily a disbeliever or infidel, because he may still be inquiring after evidence to satisfy his mind; the word, however, is more commonly used in the extreme sense. A deist believes in one God and a divine providence, but rejects revelation. An atheist denies the being of God. A sceptic is one whose faith in the credibility of evidence is weakened or destroyed, so that religion, to the same extent, has no practical hold on his mind. An agnostic remains in a state of suspended judgment, neither affirming nor denying the existence of a personal Deity.

Infidelity

In`fi*del"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Infidelities (. [L. infidelitas: cf. F. infid\'82lit\'82.]

1. Want of faith or belief in some religious system; especially, a want of faith in, or disbelief of, the inspiration of the Scriptures, of the divine origin of Christianity.

There is, indeed, no doubt but that vanity is one of the principal causes of infidelity. V. Knox.

2. Unfaithfulness to the marriage vow or contract; violation of the marriage covenant by adultery.

3. Breach of trust; unfaithfulness to a charge, or to moral obligation; treachery; deceit; as, the infidelity of a servant. "The infidelity of friends." Sir W. Temple.

Infield

In*field" (?), v. t. To inclose, as a field. [R.]

Infield

In"field` (?), n.

1. Arable and manured land kept continually under crop; -- distinguished from outfield. [Scotland] Jamieson.

2. (Baseball) The diamond; -- opposed to outfield. See Diamond, n., 5.

Infile

In*file" (?), v. t. To arrange in a file or rank; to place in order. [Obs.] Holland.

Infilm

In*film" (?), v. t. To cover with a film; to coat thinly; as, to infilm one metal with another in the process of gilding; to infilm the glass of a mirror. [R.]

Infilter

In*fil"ter (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Infiltered; p. pr. & vb. n. Infiltering.] [Cf. Infiltrate.] To filter or sift in.

Infiltrate

In*fil"trate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Infiltrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infiltrating (?).] [Pref. in- + filtrate: cf. F, s'infiltrer. Cf. Infilter.] To enter by penetrating the pores or interstices of a substance; to filter into or through something.
The water infiltrates through the porous rock. Addison.

Infiltrate

In*fil"trate, v. t. To penetrate gradually; -- sometimes used reflexively. J. S. Mill.

Infiltration

In`fil*tra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. infiltration.]

1. The act or process of infiltrating, as if water into a porous substance, or of a fluid into the cells of an organ or part of the body.

2. The substance which has entered the pores or cavities of a body. Addison.

Calcareous infiltrations filling the cavities. Kirwan.
Fatty infiltration. (Med.) See under Fatty. -- Infiltration gallery, a filter gallery.

Infiltrative

In*fil"tra*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to infiltration. Kane.

Infinite

In"fi*nite (?), a. [L. infinitus: cf. F. infini. See In- not, and Finite.]

1. Unlimited or boundless, in time or space; as, infinite duration or distance.

Whatever is finite, as finite, will admit of no comparative relation with infinity; for whatever is less than infinite is still infinitely distant from infinity; and lower than infinite distance the lowest or least can not sink. H. Brooke.

2. Without limit in power, capacity, knowledge, or excellence; boundless; immeasurably or inconceivably great; perfect; as, the infinite wisdom and goodness of God; -- opposed to finite.

Great is our Lord, and of great power; his understanding is infinite. Ps. cxlvii. 5.
O God, how infinite thou art! I. Watts.

3. Indefinitely large or extensive; great; vast; immense; gigantic; prodigious.

Infinite riches in a little room. Marlowe.
Which infinite calamity shall cause To human life. Milton.

4. (Math.) Greater than any assignable quantity of the same kind; -- said of certain quantities.

5. (Mus.) Capable of endless repetition; -- said of certain forms of the canon, called also perpetual fugues, so constructed that their ends lead to their beginnings, and the performance may be incessantly repeated. Moore (Encyc. of Music). Syn. -- Boundless; immeasurable; illimitable; interminable; limitless; unlimited; endless; eternal.

Infinite

In"fi*nite, n.

1. That which is infinite; boundless space or duration; infinity; boundlessness.

Not till the weight is heaved from off the air, and the thunders roll down the horizon, will the serene light of God flow upon us, and the blue infinite embrace us again. J. Martineau.

2. (Math.) An infinite quantity or magnitude.

3. An infinity; an incalculable or very great number.

Glittering chains, embroidered richly o'er With infinite of pearls and finest gold. Fanshawe.

4. The Infinite Being; God; the Almighty.

Infinitely

In"fi*nite*ly, adv.

1. Without bounds or limits; beyond or below assignable limits; as, an infinitely large or infinitely small quantity.

2. Very; exceedingly; vastly; highly; extremely. "Infinitely pleased." Dryden.

Infiniteness

In"fi*nite*ness, n. The state or quality of being infinite; infinity; greatness; immensity. Jer. Taylor.

Infinitesimal

In`fin*i*tes"i*mal (?), a. [Cf. F. infinit\'82simal, fr. infinit\'82sime infinitely small, fr. L. infinitus. See Infinite, a.] Infinitely or indefinitely small; less than any assignable quantity or value; very small. Infinitesimal calculus, the different and the integral calculus, when developed according to the method used by Leibnitz, who regarded the increments given to variables as infinitesimal.

Infinitesimal

In`fin*i*tes"i*mal, n. (Math.) An infinitely small quantity; that which is less than any assignable quantity.

Infinitesimally

In`fin*i*tes"i*mal*ly, adv. By infinitesimals; in infinitely small quantities; in an infinitesimal degree.

Infinitival

In*fin`i*ti"val (?), a. Pertaining to the infinite mood. "Infinitival stems." Fitzed. Hall.

Infinitive

In*fin"i*tive (?), n. [L. infinitivus: cf. F. infinitif. See Infinite.] Unlimited; not bounded or restricted; undefined. Infinitive mood (Gram.), that form of the verb which merely names the action, and performs the office of a verbal noun. Some grammarians make two forms in English: (a) The simple form, as, speak, go, hear, before which to is commonly placed, as, to speak; to go; to hear. (b) The form of the imperfect participle, called the infinitive in -ing; as, going is as easy as standing. With the auxiliary verbs may, can, must, might, could, would, and should, the simple infinitive is expressed without to; as, you may speak; they must hear, etc. The infinitive usually omits to with the verbs let, dare, do, bid, make, see, hear, need, etc.; as, let me go; you dare not tell; make him work; hear him talk, etc. &hand; In Anglo-Saxon, the simple infinitive was not preceded by to (the sign of modern simple infinitive), but it had a dative form (sometimes called the gerundial infinitive) which was preceded by to, and was chiefly employed in expressing purpose. See Gerund, 2. The gerundial ending (-anne) not only took the same form as the simple infinitive (-an), but it was confounded with the present participle in -ende, or -inde (later -inge).

Infinitive

In*fin"i*tive, n. (Gram.) An infinitive form of the verb; a verb in the infinitive mood; the infinitive mood.

Infinitive

In*fin"i*tive, adv. (Gram.) In the manner of an infinitive mood.

Infinito

In`fi*ni"to (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Infinite; perpetual, as a canon whose end leads back to the beginning. See Infinite, a., 5.

Infinitude

In*fin"i*tude (?), n.

1. The quality or state of being infinite, or without limits; infiniteness.

2. Infinite extent; unlimited space; immensity; infinity. "I am who fill infinitude." Milton.

As pleasing to the fancy, as speculations of eternity or infinitude are to the understanding. Addison.

3. Boundless number; countless multitude. "An infinitude of distinctions." Addison.

Infinituple

In*fin"i*tu`ple (?), a. [Cf. Quadruple.] Multipied an infinite number of times. [R.] Wollaston.

Infinity

In*fin"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Infinities (#). [L. infinitas; pref. in- not + finis boundary, limit, end: cf. F. infinit\'82. See Finite.]

1. Unlimited extent of time, space, or quantity; eternity; boundlessness; immensity. Sir T. More.

There can not be more infinities than one; for one of them would limit the other. Sir W. Raleigh.
<-- now known to be false! -- See aleph null, etc.-->

2. Unlimited capacity, energy, excellence, or knowledge; as, the infinity of God and his perfections. Hooker.

3. Endless or indefinite number; great multitude; as an infinity of beauties. Broome.


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4. (Math.) A quantity greater than any assignable quantity of the same kind. &hand; Mathematically considered, infinity is always a limit of a variable quantity, resulting from a particular supposition made upon the varying element which enters it. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ).

5. (Geom.) That part of a line, or of a plane, or of space, which is infinitely distant. In modern geometry, parallel lines or planes are sometimes treated as lines or planes meeting at infinity. Circle at infinity, an imaginary circle at infinity, through which, in geometry of three dimensions, every sphere is imagined to pass. -- Circular points at infinity. See under Circular.

Infirm

In*firm" (?), a. [L.infirmus: cf.F.infirme. See In- not, and Firm, a.]

1. Not firm or sound; weak; feeble; as, an infirm body; an infirm constitution.

A poor, infirm, weak, and despised old man. Shak.

2. Weak of mind or will; irresolute; vacillating. "An infirm judgment." Burke.

Infirm of purpose! Shak.

3. Not solid or stable; insecure; precarious.

He who fixes on false principles treads or infirm ground. South.
Syn. -- Debilitated; sickly; feeble; decrepit; weak; enfeebled; irresolute; vacillating; imbecile.

Infirm

In*firm", v. t. [L. infirmare : cf. F.infirmer.] To weaken; to enfeeble. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Infirmarian

In`fir*ma"ri*an (?), n. A person dwelling in, or having charge of, an infirmary, esp. in a monastic institution.

Infirmary

In*firm"a*ry (?), n.; pl. Infirmaries (#). [Cf. OE. fermerie, OF. enfermerie, F. infirmerie, LL. infirmaria. See Infirm.] A hospital, or place where the infirm or sick are lodged and nursed gratuitously, or where out-patients are treated.

Infirmative

In*firm"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. infirmatif.] Weakening; annulling, or tending to make void. [Obs.]

Infirmatory

In*firm"a*to*ry (?), n. An infirmary. [Obs.]

Infirmity

In*firm"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Infirmities (#). [L. infirmitas : cf. F. infirmite. See Infirm, a.]

1. The state of being infirm; feebleness; an imperfection or weakness; esp., an unsound, unhealthy, or debilitated state; a disease; a malady; as, infirmity of body or mind.

'T is the infirmity of his age. Shak.

2. A personal frailty or failing; foible; eccentricity; a weakness or defect.

Will you be cured of your infirmity ? Shak.
A friend should bear his friend's infirmities. Shak.
The house has also its infirmities. Evelyn.
Syn. -- Debility; imbecility; weakness; feebleness; failing; foible; defect; disease; malady. See Debility.

Infirmly

In*firm"ly, adv. In an infirm manner.

Infirmness

In*firm"ness, n. Infirmity; feebleness. Boyle.

Infix

In*fix" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infixed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infixing.] [L. infixus, p.p of infigere to infix; pref. in- in + figere to fix: cf. F. infixer. See Fix.]

1. To set; to fasten or fix by piercing or thrusting in; as, to infix a sting, spear, or dart. Shak.

The fatal dart a ready passage found, And deep within her heart infixed the wound. Dryden.

2. To implant or fix; to instill; to inculcate, as principles, thoughts, or instructions; as, to infix good principles in the mind, or ideas in the memory.

Infix

In"fix (?), n. Something infixed. [R.] Welsford.

Inflame

In*flame" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inflaming.] [OE. enflamen, OF. enflamer, F. enflammer, L. inflammare,inflammatum; pref.in- in + flammare to flame, fr.flamma flame. See Flame.]

1. To set on fire; to kindle; to cause to burn, flame, or glow.

We should have made retreat By light of the inflamed fleet. Chapman.

2. Fig.: To kindle or intensify, as passion or appetite; to excite to an excessive or unnatural action or heat; as, to inflame desire.

Though more,it seems, Inflamed with lust than rage. Milton.
But, O inflame and fire our hearts. Dryden.

3. To provoke to anger or rage; to exasperate; to irritate; to incense; to enrage.

It will inflame you; it will make you mad. Shak.

4. (Med.) To put in a state of inflammation; to produce morbid heat, congestion, or swelling, of; as, to inflame the eyes by overwork.

5. To exaggerate; to enlarge upon. [Obs.]

A friend exaggerates a man's virtues, an enemy inflames his crimes. Addison.
Syn. -- To provoke; fire; kindle; irritate; exasperate; incense; enrage; anger; excite; arouse.

Inflame

In*flame", v. i. To grow morbidly hot, congested, or painful; to become angry or incensed. Wiseman.

Inflamed

In*flamed" (?), p. a.

1. Set on fire; enkindled; heated; congested; provoked; exasperated.

2. (Her.) Represented as burning, or as adorned with tongues of flame.

Inflamer

In*flam"er (?n-fl\'bem\'b6?r), n. The person or thing that inflames. Addison.

Inflammabillty

In*flam"ma*bil"l*ty (?), n. [Cf.F. inflammabilite.] Susceptibility of taking fire readily; the state or quality of being inflammable.

Inflammable

In*flam"ma*ble (?), a. [CF. F. inflammable.]

1. Capable of being easily set fire; easily enkindled; combustible; as, inflammable oils or spirits.

2. Excitable; irritable; irascible; easily provoked; as, an inflammable temper. Inflammable air, the old chemical name for hydrogen.

Inflammableness

In*flam"ma*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inflammable; inflammability. Boyle.

Inflammbly

In*flam"mbly (?), adv. In an inflammable manner.

Inflammation

In*flam*ma"tion (?), n. [L. inflammatio: cf. F. inflammation. See Inflame.]

1. The act of inflaming, kindling, or setting on fire; also, the state of being inflamed. "The inflammation of fat." Wilkins.

2. (Med.) A morbid condition of any part of the body, consisting in congestion of the blood vessels, with obstruction of the blood current, and growth of morbid tissue. It is manifested outwardly by redness and swelling, attended with heat and pain.

3. Violent excitement; heat; passion; animosity; turbulence; as, an inflammation of the mind, of the body politic, or of parties. Hooker.

Inflammative

In*flam"ma*tive (?), a. Inflammatory.

Inflammatory

In*flam"ma*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. inflammatoire.]

1. Tending to inflame, kindle, or irritate.

2. Tending to excite anger, animosity, tumult, or sedition; seditious; as, inflammatory libels, writings, speeches, or publications. Burke.

3. (Med.) Accompanied with, or tending to cause, preternatural heat and excitement of arterial action; as, an inflammatory disease. Inflammatory crust. (Med.) Same as Buffy coat, under Buffy. -- Inflammatory fever, a variety of fever due to inflammation.

Inflatable

In*flat"a*ble (?), a. That may be inflated.

Inflate

In*flate" (?), p. a. [L. inflatus, p.p. of inflare to inflate; pref. in- in + flare to blow. See Blow to puff wind.] Blown in; inflated. Chaucer.

Inflate

In*flate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflated; p. pr. & vb. n. Inflating.]

1. To swell or distend with air or gas; to dilate; to expand; to enlarge; as, to inflate a bladder; to inflate the lungs.

When passion's tumults in the bosom rise, Inflate the features, and enrage the eyes. J. Scott of Amwell.

2. Fig.: To swell; to puff up; to elate; as, to inflate one with pride or vanity.

Inflate themselves with some insane delight. Tennyson.

3. To cause to become unduly expanded or increased; as, to inflate the currency.

Inflate

In*flate", v. i. To expand; to fill; to distend.

Inflated

In*flat"ed (?), a.

1. Filled, as with air or gas; blown up; distended; as, a balloon inflated with gas.

2. Turgid; swelling; puffed up; bombastic; pompous; as, an inflated style.

Inflated and astrut with self-conceit. Cowper.

3. (Bot.) Hollow and distended, as a perianth, corolla, nectary, or pericarp. Martyn.

4. Distended or enlarged fictitiously; as, inflated prices, etc.

Inflater

In*flat"er (?), n. One who, or that which, inflates; as, the inflaters of the stock exchange.

Inflatingly

In*flat"ing*ly, adv. In a manner tending to inflate.

Inflation

In*fla"tion (?), n. [L. inflatio: cf. F. inflation.]

1. The act or process of inflating, or the state of being inflated, as with air or gas; distention; expansion; enlargement. Boyle.

2. The state of being puffed up, as with pride; conceit; vanity. B. Jonson.

3. Undue expansion or increase, from overissue; -- said of currency. [U.S.]

Inflationist

In*fla"tion*ist, n. One who favors an increased or very large issue of paper money. [U.S.]

Inflatus

In*fla"tus (?), n. [L. See Inflate, v. t.] A blowing or breathing into; inflation; inspiration.
The divine breath that blows the nostrils out To ineffable inflatus. Mrs. Browning.

Inflect

In*flect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflected; p. pr. & vb. n. Inflecting.] [L. inflectere, inflexum; pref. in.- in + flectere to bend. See Flexibl, and cf. Inflex.]

1. To turn from a direct line or course; to bend; to incline, to deflect; to curve; to bow.

Are they [the rays of the sun] not reflected, refracted, and inflected by one and the same principle ? Sir I. Newton.

2. (Gram.) To vary, as a noun or a verb in its terminations; to decline, as a noun or adjective, or to conjugate, as a verb.

3. To modulate, as the voice.

Inflected

In*flect"ed, a.

1. Bent; turned; deflected.

2. (Gram.) Having inflections; capable of, or subject to, inflection; inflective. Inflected cycloid (Geom.), a prolate cycloid. See Cycloid.

Inflection

In*flec"tion (?), n. [L. inflexio : cf. F. inflexion. See Inflect.] [Written also inflecxion.]

1. The act of inflecting, or the state of being inflected.

2. A bend; a fold; a curve; a turn; a twist.

3. A slide, modulation, or accent of the voice; as, the rising and the falling inflection.

4. (Gram.) The variation or change which words undergo to mark case, gender, number, comparison, tense, person, mood, voice, etc.

5. (Mus.) (a) Any change or modification in the pitch or tone of the voice. (b) A departure from the monotone, or reciting note, in chanting.

6. (Opt.) Same as Diffraction. Point of inflection (Geom.), the point on opposite sides of which a curve bends in contrary ways.

Inflectional

In*flec"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to inflection; having, or characterized by, inflection. Max M\'81ller.

Inflective

In*flect"ive (?), a.

1. Capable of, or pertaining to, inflection; deflecting; as, the inflective quality of the air. Derham.

2. (Gram.) Inflectional; characterized by variation, or change in form, to mark case, tense, etc.; subject to inflection. Inflective language (Philol.), a language like the Greek or Latin, consisting largely of stems with variable terminations or suffixes which were once independent words. English is both agglutinative, as, manlike, headache, and inflective, as, he, his, him. Cf. Agglutinative.

Inflesh

In*flesh" (?), v. t. To incarnate.

Inflex

In*flex" (?), v. t. [Cf. Flex, Inflect.] To bend; to cause to become curved; to make crooked; to deflect. J. Philips.

Inflexed

In*flexed" (?), a.

1. Turned; bent. Feltham.

2. (Bot.) Bent or turned abruptly inwards, or toward the axis, as the petals of a flower.

Inflexibility

In*flex"i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inflexibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being inflexible, or not capable of being bent or changed; unyielding stiffness; inflexibleness; rigidity; firmness of will or purpose; unbending pertinacity; steadfastness; resoluteness; unchangeableness; obstinacy.
The inflexibility of mechanism. A. Baxter.
That grave inflexibility of soul. Churchill.
The purity and inflexibility of their faith. T. Warton.

Inflexible

In*flex"i*ble (?), a. [L. inflexiblis: cf. F. inflexible. See In- not, and Flexible.]

1. Not capable of being bent; stiff; rigid; firm; unyielding.

2. Firm in will or purpose; not to be turned, changed, or altered; resolute; determined; unyieding; inexorable; stubborn.

"Inflexibleas steel." Miltom.
Amanof upright and inflexibletemper . . . can overcome all private fear. Addison.

3. Incapable of change; unalterable; immutable.

The nature of things is inflexible. I. Watts.
Syn. -- -- Unbending; unyielding; rigid; inexorable; pertinacious; obstinate; stubborn; unrelenting.

Inflexibleness

In*flex"i*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inflexible; inflexibility; rigidity; firmness.

Inflexibly

In*flex"i*bly, adv. In an inflexible manner.

Inflexion

In*flex"ion (?), n. Inflection.

Inflexive

In*flex"ive (?), a.

1. Inflective.

"Inflexive endings." W. E. Jelf.

2. Inflexible. [R.] "Foes inflexive." Chapman.

Inflexure

In*flex"ure (?), n. An inflection; a bend or fold. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Inflict

In*flict" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inflicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Inflicting.] [L. inflictus, p.p. of infligere to strike on, to inflict; pref. in- in, on + fligere to strike. Cf. Flail.] To give, cause, or produce by striking, or as if by striking; to apply forcibly; to lay or impose; to send; to cause to bear, feel, or suffer; as, to inflict blows; to inflict a wound with a dagger; to inflict severe pain by ingratitude; to inflict punishment on an offender; to inflict the penalty of death on a criminal.
What heart could wish, what hand inflict, this dire disgrace? Drygen.
The persecution and the pain That man inflicts on infero-ior kinds. Cowper.

Inflicter

In*flict"er (?), n. One who inflicts.
Godis the sole and immadiate inflicter of such strokes. South.

Infliction

In*flic"tion (?), n. [L. inflictio: cf. F. infliction.]

1. The act of inflicting or imposing; as, the infliction of torment, or of punishment.

2. That which is inflicted or imposed, as punishment, disgrace, calamity, etc.

His severest inflictions are in themselves acts of justice and righteousness. Rogers.

Inflictive

In*flict"ive (?), a. [Cf.F. inflictif.] Causing infliction; acting as an infliction. Whitehead.

Inflorescence

In`flo*res"cence (?), n. [L. inflorescens, p.pr. of inflorescere to begin to blossom; pref. in- in + florescere to begin to blossom: cf.F. inflorescence. See Florescent.]

1. A flowering; the putting forth and unfolding of blossoms.

2. (Bot.) (a) The mode of flowering, or the general arrangement and disposition of the flowers with reference to the axis, and to each other. (b) An axis on which all the flower buds.

Inflorescence affords an excellent characteristic mark in distinguishing the species of plants. Milne.
Centrifugal inflorescence, determinate inflorescence. -- Centripetal inflorescence, indeterminate inflorescence. See under Determinate, and Indeterminate.

Inflow

In*flow" (?), v. i. To flow in. Wiseman.

Influence

In"flu*ence (?), n. [F. influence, fr. L. influens, -entis, p.pr. See Influent, and cf. Influenza.]

1. A flowing in or upon; influx. [Obs.]

God hath his influence into the very essence of all things. Hooker.

2. Hence, in general, the bringing about of an effect, phusical or moral, by a gradual process; controlling power quietly exerted; agency, force, or tendency of any kind which the sun exerts on animal and vegetable life; the influence of education on the mind; the influence, according to astrologers,of the stars over affairs.

Astrologers call the evil influences of the stars,evil aspects. Bacon.
Cantsthou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion ? Job xxxviii. 31.
She said : influence bad ?" Spenser.

3. Power or authority arising from elevated station, excelence of character or intellect, wealth, etc.; reputation; acknowledged ascendency; as, he is a man of influence in the community.

Such influence hath your excellency. Sir P. Sidney.

4. (Elec.) Induction. Syn. -- Control; persuasion; ascendency; sway; power; authority; supremacy; mastery; management; restraint; character; reputation; prestige.

Influence

In"flu*ence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Influenced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Influencing (?).] To control or move by power, physical or moral; to affect by gentle action; to exert an influence upon; to modify, bias, or sway; to move; to persuade; to induce.
Theseexperiments succeed after the same manner in vacuo as in the open air,and therefore are not influenced by the weight or pressure of the atmosphere. Sir I. Newton.
This standing revelation . . . is sufficient to influence their faith and practice, if they attend. Attebury.
The principle which influenced their obedience has lost its efficacy. Rogers.

Page 761

Influencer

In"flu*en*cer (?), n. One who, or that which, influences.

Influencive

In"flu*en*cive (?), a. Tending toinfluence; influential.

Influent

In"flu*ent (?), a. [L. influens, -entis, p. pr. of influere, influxum, to flow in; pref. in- in + fluere to flow. See Fluid.]

1. Flowing in. "With influent tide." Cowper. "Influent odors." Mrs. Browning.

2. Exerting influence; influential. [Obs.]

I find no office by name assigned unto Dr.Cox, who was virtually influent upon all, and most active. Fuller.

Inflential

In`flen"tial (?), a. [See Influence.] Exerting or possessing influence or power; potent; efficacious; effective; strong; having authority or ascendency; as, an influential man, station, argument, etc.
A very influential Gascon prefix. Earle.

Influentially

In`flu*en"tial*ly, adv. In an influential manner.

Influenza

In`flu*en"za (?), n. [It. influenza influence, an epidemic formerly attributed by astrologers to the influence of the heavenly bodies, influenza. See Influence.] (Med.) An epidemic affection characterized by acute nasal catarrh, or by inflammation of the throat or the bronchi, and usually accompanied by fever.

Influx

In"flux` (?), n. [L. influxus, fr. influere, influxum, to flow in: cf. F. influx. See Influent.]

1. The act of flowing in; as, an influx of light.

2. A coming in; infusion; intromission; introduction; importation in abundance; also, that which flows or comes in; as, a great influx of goods into a country, or an influx of gold and silver.

The influx of food into the Celtic region, however, was far from keeping pace with the influx of consumers. Macaulau.
The general influx of Greek into modern languages. Earle.

3. Influence; power. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

Influxion

In*flux"ion (?), n. [L. influxio : cf. F. influxion.] A flowing in; infusion. [R.] Bacon.

Influxious

In*flux"ious (?), a. Influential. [Obs.]

Influxive

In*flux"ive (?), a. Having a tendency to flow in; having influence; influential. [R.] Holdsworth.

Influxively

In*flux"ive*ly, adv. By influxion. [R.]

Infold

In*fold" (?n-f?ld\'b6), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infolded; p. pr. & vb. n. Infolding.] [Pref. in- in + fold.] [Written also enfold.]

1. To wrap up or cover with folds; to envelop; to inwrap; to inclose; to involve.

Gilded tombs do worms infold. Shak.
Infold his limbs in bands. Blackmore.

2. To clasp with the arms; to embrace.

Noble Banquo, . . . let me infold thee, And hold thee to my heart. Shak.

Infoldment

In*fold"ment (?), n. The act of infolding; the state of being infolded.

Infoliate

In*fo"li*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + L. folium leaf.] To cover or overspread with, or as with, leaves. [R.] Howell.

Inform

In*form" (?), a. [L. informis; pref. in- not + forma form, shape: cf. F. informe] Without regular form; shapeless; ugly; deformed. Cotton.

Inform

In*form", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Informed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Informing.] [OE. enformen, OF. enformer, F. informer. L. informare; pref. in- in + formare to form, share, fr. forma form. See Form.]

1. To give form or share to; to give vital ororganizing power to; to give life to; to imbue and actuate with vitality; to animate; to mold; to figure; to fashion.

"The informing Word." Coleridge.
Let others better mold the running mass Of metals, and inform the breathing brass. Dryden.
Breath informs this fleeting frame. Prior.
Breathes in our soul,informs our mortal part. Pope.

2. To communicate knowledge to; to make known to; to acquaint; to advise; to instruct; to tell; to notify; to enlighten; -- usually followed by of.

For he would learn their business secretly, And then inform his master hastily. Spenser.
I am informed thoroughky of the cause. Shak.

3. To communicate a knowledge of facts to,by way of accusation; to warn against anybody.

Tertullus . . . informed the governor against Paul. Acts xxiv. 1.
Syn. -- To acquaint; apprise; tell; teach; instruct; enlighten; animate; fashion.

Inform

In*form", v. t.

1. To take form; to become visible or manifest; to appear. [Obs.]

It is the bloody business which informs Thus to mine eyes. Shak.

2. To give intelligence or information; to tell. Shak.

He might either teach in the same manner,or inform how he had been taught. Monthly Rev.
To inform against, to communicate facts by way of accusation against; to denounce; as, two persons came to the magistrate, and informed against A.

Informal

In*form"al (?), a. [Pref. in- not + formal.]

1. Not in the regular, usual, or established form; not according to official, conventional, prescribed, or customary forms or rules; irregular; hence, without ceremony; as, an informal writting, proceeding, or visit.

2. Deranged in mind; out of one's senses. [Obs.]

These poor informal women. Shak.

Informality

In`for*mal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Informalities (.

1. The state of being informal; want of regular, prescribed, or customary form; as, the informality of legal proceedings.

2. An informal, unconventional, or unofficial act or proceeding; something which is not in proper or prescribed form or does not conform to the established rule.

Informally

In*form"al*ly (?), adv. In an informal manner.

Informant

In*form"ant (?), n. [L. informans, -antis, p.pr. of informare. See Inform, v. t.]

1. One who, or that which, informs, animates, or vivifies. [Obs.] Glanvill.

2. One who imparts information or instruction.

3. One who offers an accusation; an informer. See Informer. [Obs. or R.]

It was the last evidence of the kind; the informant was hanged. Burke.

Information

In`for*ma"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. informatio representation, cinception. See Inform, v. t.]

1. The act of informing, or communicating knowledge or intelligence.

The active informations of the intellect. South.

2. News, advice, or knowledge, communicated by others or obtained by personal study and investigation; intelligence; knowledge derived from reading, observation, or instruction.

Larger opportunities of information. Rogers.
He should get some information in the subject he intends to handle. Swift.

3. (Law) A proceeding in the nature of a prosecution for some offens against the government, instituted and prosecuted, really or nominally, by some authorized public officer on behalt of the government. It differs from an indictment in criminal cases chiefly in not being based on the finding of a grand juri. See Indictment.

Informative

In*form"a*tive (?), a. Having power to inform, animate, or vivify. Dr. H. More.

Informatory

In*form"a*to*ry (?), a. Full of, or conveying, information; instructive. [R.] London Spectator.

Informed

In*formed" (?n-f?rmd\'b6), a. Unformed or ill-formed; deformed; shapeless. [Obs.] Spenser. Informed stars. See under Unformed.

Informer

In*form"er (?), n. [From Inform,v.]

1. One who informs, animates, or inspires. [Obs.] Thomson.

Nature, informer of the poet's art. Pope.

2. One who informs, or imparts knowledge or news.

3. (Law) One who informs a magistrate of violations of law; one who informs against another for violation of some law or penal statute. Common informer (Law), one who habitually gives information of the violation of penal statutes, with a view to a prosecution therefor. Bouvier. Wharton.

Informidable

In*for"mi*da*ble (?), a. [L. informidabilis. See In- not, and Formidable.] Not formidable; not to be feared or dreaded. [Obs.] "Foe not informidable." Milton.

Informity

In*form"i*ty (?), n. [L. informitas. See Inform, a.] Want of regular form; shapelessness. [Obs.]

Informous

In*form"ous (?), a. [See Inform, a.] Of irregular form; shapeless. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Infortunate

In*for"tu*nate (?), a. [L. infortunatus.] Unlucky; unfortunate. [Obs.] Shak.
"A most infortynate chance." Howell.
- In*for"tu*nate*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Infortune

In*for"tune (?), n. [L. infortunium. See In- not, and Fortune.] Misfortune. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Infortuned

In*for"tuned (?), a. Unfortunate. [Obs.]
I, woeful wretch and infortuned wight. Chaucer.

Infound

In*found" (?), v. t. [L. infundere to pour in. See Infuse.] To pour in; to infuse. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

Infra

In*"fra (?), adv. [L. Cf. Inferior.] Below; beneath; under; after; -- often used as a prefix.

Infra-axillary

In`fra-ax"il*la*ry (?), a. [Infra + axillary.] (Bot.) Situated below the axil, as a bud.

Infrabranchial

In`fra*bran"chi*al (?), a. [Infra + branchial.] (Zo\'94l.) Below the gills; -- applied to the ventral portion of the pallial chamber in the lamellibranchs.

Infraclavicular

In`fra*cla*vic"u*lar (?), a. [Infra + clavicular.] (Anat.) Below the clavicle; as, the infraclavicular fossa.

Infract

In*fract" (?n-fr\'b5kt\'b6), a. [L. infractus; pref. in- not + fractus. p.p. of frangere to break.] Not broken or fractured; unharmed; whole. [Obs.] Chapman.

Infract

In*fract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Infracting.] [L. infractus, p.p. of of infringere. See Infringe.] To break; to infringe. [R.] Thomson.

Infractible

In*fract"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being broken.[R.]

Infraction

In*frac"tion (?), n. [L. infractio: cf. F. infraction.] The act of infracting or breaking; breach; violation; nonobservance; infringement; as, an infraction of a treaty, compact, rule, or law. I. Watts.

Infractor

In*fract"or (?), n. [Cf. F. infracteur.] One who infracts or infringes; a violator; a breaker.

Infragrant

In*fra"grant (?), a. Not fragrant.

Infrahyoid

In`fra*hy"oid (?), a. [Infra + hyoid.] (Anat.) Same as Hyosternal (a).

Infralabial

In`fra*la"bi*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Below the lower lip; -- said of certain scales of reptiles and fishes.

Infralapsarian

In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an (?), n. [Infra + lapse: cf. F. infralapsaire. See
Lapse.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of that class of Calvinists who consider the decree of election as contemplating the apostasy as past and the elect as being at the time of election in a fallen and guilty state; -- opposed to Supralapsarian. The former considered the election of grace as a remedy for an existing evil; the latter regarded the fall as a part of God's original purpose in regard to men.

Infralapsarian

In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an, a. (Theor.) Of or pertaining to the Infralapsarians, or to their doctrine.

Infralapsarianism

In`fra*lap*sa"ri*an*ism (?), n. (Theor.) The doctrine, belief, or principles of the Inralapsarians.

Inframarginal

In`fra*mar"gin*al (?), a. [Infra + marginal.] Below the margin; submarginal; as, an inframarginal convolution of the brain.

Inframaxillary

In`fra*max"il*la*ry (?), a. [Infra + maxillary.] (Anat.) (a) Under the lower jaw; submaxillary; as, the inframaxillary nerve. (b) Of or pertaining to the lower iaw.

Inframedian

In`fra*me"di*an (?), a. [Infra + median.] (Zo\'94logical Geog.) Of or pertaining to the interval or zone along the sea bottom, at the depth of between fifty and one hundred fathoms. E. Forbes.

Inframundane

In`fra*mun"dane (?), a. [Infra + mundane.] Lying or situated beneath the world.

Infranchise

In*fran"chise (?), v. t. See Enfranchise.

Infrangibility

In*fran`gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being infrangible; infrangibleness.

Infrangible

In*fran"gi*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + grangible: cf.F. infrangible.]

1. Not capable of being broken or separated into parts; as, infrangible atoms.

[He] link'd their fetlocks with a golden band Infrangible. Pope.

2. Not to be infringed or violated.

Infrangibleness

In*fran"gi*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being infrangible; infrangibility.

Infraocular

In`fra*oc"u*lar (?), a. [Infra + ocular.] (Zo\'94l.) Situated below the eyes, as the antenna of certain insects.

Infraorbital

In`fra*or"bit*al (?), a. [Infra + orbital.] (Anat.) Below the orbit; as, the infraorbital foramen; the infraorbital nerve.

Infrapose

In`fra*pose" (?), v. t. [Infra + pose.] To place under or beneath. [R.]

Infraposition

In`fra*po*si"tion (?), n. [Infra + position.] A situation or position beneath. Kane.

Infrascapular

In`fra*scap"u*lar (?), a. [Infra + scapular.] (Anat.) Beneath the scapula, or shoulder blade; subscapular.

Infraspinal

In`fra*spi"nal (?), a. [Infra + spinal.] (Anat.) (a) Below the vertebral column, subvertebral. (b) Below the spine; infraspinate; infraspinous.

Infraspinate, Infraspinous

In`fra*spi"nate (?), In`fra*spi*nous (?), a. [Infra + spinate, spinous.] (Anat.) Below the spine; infraspinal; esp., below the spine of the scapula; as, the infraspinous fossa; the infraspinate muscle.

Infrastapedial

In`fra*sta*pe"di*al (?), a. [Infra + stapedial.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a part of the columella of the ear, which in many animals projects below the connection with the stapes. -- n. The infrastapedial part of the columella.

Infrasternal

In`fra*ster"nal (?), a. [Infra + sternal.] (Anat.) Below the sternum; as, the infrasternal depression, or pit of the stomach.

Infratemporal

In`fra*tem"po*ral (?), a. [Infra + temporal.] (Anat.) Below the temple; below the temporal bone.

Infraterritorial

In`fra*ter"ri*to"ri*al (?), a. [Infra + territorial.] Within the territory of a state. Story.

Infratrochlear

In`fra*troch"le*ar (?), a. [Infra + trochlear.] (Anat.) Below a trochlea, or pulley; -- applied esp. to one of the subdivisions of the trigeminal nerve.

Infrequence, Infrequency

In*fre"quence (?), In*fre"quen*cy (?), n. [L. infrequentia scantiness : cf. F. infrequence.]

1. The state of rarely occuring; uncommonness; rareness; as, the infrquence of his visits.

2. The state of not being frequented; solitude; isolation; retirement; seclusion. [R.]

The solitude and infrequency of the place. Bp. Hall.

Infrequent

In*fre"quent (?), a. [L. infrquens : cf.F. infrequent. See In- not, and Frequent.] Seldom happening or occurring; rare; uncommon; unusual.
The act whereof is at this day infrequent or out of use among all sorts of men. Sir T. Elyot.

Infrequently

In*fre"quent*ly (?), adv. Not frequently; rarely.

Infrigidate

In*frig"i*date (?), v. t. [L. infrigidatus, p.p. of infrigidare to chill. See 1st In-, and Frigid.] To chill; to make cold; to cool. [Obs.] Boyle.

Infrigidation

In*frig`i*da"tion (?), n. [L. infrigidatio.] The act of chilling or causing to become cold; a chilling; coldness; congelation. [Obs.] Boyle.

Infringe

In*fringe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infringed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infringing (?).] [L. infringere; pref. in- in + frangere to break. See Fraction, and cf. Infract .]

1. To break; to violate; to transgress; to neglect to fulfill or obey; as, to infringe a law or contract.

If the first that did the edict infringe, Had answered for his deed. Shak.
The peace . . . was infringed by Appius Claudius. Golding.

2. To hinder; to destroy; as, to infringe efficacy; to infringe delight or power. [Obs.] Hooker.

Infringe

In*fringe", v. i.

1. To break, violate, or transgress some contract, rule, or law; to injure; to offend.

2. To encroach; to trespass; -- followed by on or upon; as, to infringe upon the rights of another.

Infringement

In*fringe"ment (?), n.

1. The act of infringing; breach; violation; nonfulfillment; as, the infringement of a treaty, compact, law, or constitution.

The punishing of this infringement is proper to that jurisdiction against which the contempt is. Clarendon.

2. An encroachment on a patent, copyright, or other special privilege; a trespass.

Infringer

In*frin"ger (?), n. One who infringes or violates; a violator. Strype.

Infructuose

In*fruc"tu*ose" (?), a. [L.infructuosus. See In- not, and Fruit.] Not producing fruit; unfruitful; unprofitable. [R.] T. Adams.

Infrugal

In*fru"gal (?), a. Not frugal; wasteful; as, an infrugal expense of time. J. Goodman.

Infrugiferous

In`fru*gif"er*ous (?), a. Not bearing fruit; not fructiferous.

Infucate

In`fu*cate (?), v. t. [L. infucatus painted; pref. in- in + fucare to paint, dye. See Fucate.] To stain; to paint; to daub.

Infucation

In`fu*ca"tion (?), n. The act of painting or staining, especially of painting the face.

Infula

In"fu*la (?), n.; pl. Infule (#). [L.] A sort of fillet worn by dignitaries, priests, and others among the ancient Romans. It was generally white.

Infumate

In"fu*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infumated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Infumating.] [L.infumatus, p.p. of infumare to infumate; pref. in- in + fumare to smoke, fr. fumus smoke.] To dry by exposing to smoke; to expose to smoke.

Infumated

In"fu*ma`ted (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Clouded; having a cloudy appearance.

Infumation

In`fu*ma"tion (?), n. Act of drying in smoke.

Infumed

In*fumed" (?), a. Dried in smoke; smoked.
Page 762

Infundibular, Infundibulate

In`fun*dib"u*lar (?), In`fun*dib"u*late (?), a. [See Infundibulum.] Having the form of a funnel; pertaining to an infundibulum. Infundibulate Bryozoa (Zo\'94l.),a group of marine Bryozoa having a circular arrangement of the tentacles upon the disk.

Infundibuliform

In`fun*dib"u*li*form (?), a. [L. infundibulum funnel + -form: cf. F. infundibuliforme.]

1. Having the form of a funnel or cone; funnel-shaped.

2. (Bot.) Same as Funnelform.

Infundibulum

In`fun*dib"u*lum (?), n.; pl. L. Infundibula (#), E. Infundibulums (#). [L., a funnel, from infundere to pour in or into. See Infuse.]

1. (Anat.) A funnel-shaped or dilated organ or part; as, the infundibulum of the brain, a hollow, conical process, connecting the floor of the third ventricle with the pituitary body; the infundibula of the lungs, the enlarged terminations of the bronchial tubes.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A central cavity in the Ctenophora, into which the gastric sac leads. (b) The siphon of Cephalopoda. See Cephalopoda.

Infuneral

In*fu"ner*al (?), v. t. To inter with funeral rites; to bury. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.

Infurcation

In`fur*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- in + L. furca fork.] A forked exlpansion or divergence; a bifurcation; a branching. Craig.

Infuriate

In*fu"ri*ate (?), a. [It. infuriato, p. p. of infuriare. See Infuriate, v. t.] Enraged; rading; furiously angry; infuriated. Milton.
Inflamed beyond the most infuriate wrath. Thomson.

Infuriate

In*fu"ri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Infuriated (; p. pr. & vb. n. Infuriating] [It. infuriato, p. p. of infuriare; pref. in- (L. in) + furia fury, L. furia. See Fury.] To render furious; to enrage; to exasperate.
Those curls of entangled snakes with which Erinys is said to have infuriated Athemas and Ino. Dr. H. More.
Hereford . . . had been besieged for abouineffectually by the Scots. Ludlow.
Heaven, though slow to wrath, Is neimpunity defied. Cowper.

2. The setting in of the tide toward the shore, -- the (reflux.